Quick Answer: How Do You Not Lose Gains When Injured?

How do you not lose muscle when injured?

The following tips will help you minimize muscle loss following an injury.Rest Long, Rest Often.

Consider Supplements.

Get in the Water.

Get Hot..

Will I lose gains after a week off?

If you take a few weeks off from exercising, your muscle strength won’t take much of a hit. … However, as mentioned above, athletes can start losing muscles after three weeks of inactivity. You lose cardio, or aerobic, fitness more quickly than muscle strength, and this can start to happen in just a few days.

How do I regain lost muscle mass?

How do you fight muscle loss the times?

Here’s how to prevent muscle loss as you age:Eat protein-rich foods. Studies suggest adults can lose up to 8 percent of muscle mass each decade after age 40.Hit the gym. … Sleep. … Don’t cut carbs. … Get enough vitamin D. … Limit your alcohol intake.

Can you build muscle at 70 years old?

How do I know if I’m losing fat or muscle?

If you’re losing weight but your body fat percentage is staying the same, it’s probably a sign you’re losing muscle. “Your body won’t shape the way you want. You’ll notice shrinking circumferences, but the pinch-able fat is the same,” says Dr. Nadolsky.

What should you eat to maintain muscle?

Will a week off the gym hurt?

Can you lose muscle after gaining it?

Some athletes see a loss of about 6% muscle density after three weeks. Some power lifters see losses of as much as 35% after seven months. Young women who trained for seven weeks and gained two pounds of muscle mass, lost nearly all of it after detraining for seven weeks.

What exercises should seniors avoid?

Why am I losing muscle fast?

Can you lose muscle in a week?

Will 2 weeks off gym muscle loss?

Contrary to what you may have heard, you won’t lose muscle or strength if you take a week or two off from the gym. It takes a while to build muscle, and it doesn’t just disappear the second you stop lifting. Take more than three weeks off, though, and you will probably lose some strength and muscle.

How do you maintain strength when injured?

5 ways to maintain muscle when you’re injuredRest of the weak. If you ever want to be back to full strength, you need to rest up properly. … E-sy does it. … Swim for success. … Break a sweat. … Train around it.

At what age does muscle growth stop?

“Muscle mass peaks around age 40. [Then it] begins to decline due to sarcopenia,” explains Pete Rufo, a performance coach at Beast Training Academy in Chicago. “A major contributor to muscle mass decline is lack of exercise and sedentary lifestyles.

How do you know if your losing muscle?

How long can you go without lifting before you lose muscle?

Answer: Contrary to popular belief, your muscles don’t turn to mush as soon as you stop lifting. In fact, a recent study of recreational weight lifters found that 6 weeks of inactivity resulted in only a slight decrease in power (10 percent after 2 weeks) and virtually no drop-off in size or strength.

How long does it take to get fit again?


Chaldean and Neo-Platonic Theology

Katelis S. Viglas

Ihr Städte des Euphrats!
Ihr Gassen von Palmyra!
Ihr Säulenwälder in der Ebne der Wüste,
Was seid ihr?
Euch hat die Kronen,
Dieweil ihr über die Grenze
Der Othmenden seid gegangen,
Von Himmlischen der Rauchdampf und
Hinweg das Feuer genommen;
Jetzt aber sitz ich unter Wolken (deren
Ein jedes eine Ruh hat eigen),
und fremd
Erscheinen und gestorben mir
Der Seligen Geister.
Friedrich Hölderlin, Lebensalter

Abstract: In the present paper, the meanings the term “Chaldeans” obtained during the Antiquity and the early Middle Ages are presented, but mainly the role the Chaldean Oracles played inside the movement of Neo-Platonism is emphasized. The stratification of Being according to the theology of Chaldean Oracles, suggests a reformation of the ancient Chaldean dogmas by the Neo-Platonists. The kernel of this paper is the demonstration of the similarity between the name “En” that the ancient Babylonians used as the first part of many compound words for their gods, with the One (Ἕν=En), the first theological principle in the Neo-Platonic system. Yet, a comparison between the Chaldean theology and the Plotinian views on Mysticism and religiosity follows. As it is well known, the later Neo-Platonism will be led to the creation of a way of thought and practice as impacts from the ancient tradition.

pdf PDF     Key words: Chaldeans, Oracles, Neo-Platonism, Plotinus, Theology, Ancient Religions.

The name “Chaldeans” refers generally to the Chaldean people who lived in the land of Babylonia,[1] and especially to the Chaldean “magi” of Babylon.[2] The Chaldeans were connected to Neo-Platonism, the philosophical movement founded by Plotinus in the 3rd century A.D., through the dark and strange verses entitled Chaldean Oracles or Chaldean Logia. The disciples and successors of Plotinus commented on these verses, put them into the curriculum of their schools, and proceeded to the implementation of their teachings to the theurgic rituals. Although the direct continuity of the religion of the Sumerians, the Accadians, and the Babylonians into the era of Neo-Platonism is disputed, there is some evidence, mostly of religious character, which could lead towards such a direction. The evolution of Theurgy after the time of Plotinus and the revival of the ancient Chaldean magic are complex issues, which will be examined briefly here. Rather, we are going to explore the Neo-Platonic view of the ancient Chaldean theology through the Chaldean Oracles. The main argument of this paper is related to the indeterminacy of the first principle’s name and the homonymy of the prefix “En” of some Babylonian gods with the Neo-Platonic One (En). Furthermore, we are going to compare the meanings of the first principle as they developed inside the frames of the ancient Chaldaism and the Neo-Platonism. The point of view is that the primary unifying and undefined nature of the name “En” did not disappear, but remained in memory, coming from the depth of time. Yet, we detect evidence for supporting the view that Plotinus had a partial knowledge of many Chaldean and other Eastern doctrines, which are latent in various forms in his work. The approach proposed here is based on the highlight of the historical-philosophical dimension of the subject and on the elaboration of data from the history of ideas, names, and beliefs.

The “Chaldeans” were the guardians of the sacred science: the astrological knowledge and the divination mixed with religion and magic. They were considered the last representatives of the Babylonian sages, of whom the pre-scientific information passed into the ancient world and maintained until the Middle Ages.[3] They were the first mathematicians and the way they treated the numbers had a degree of simplicity, consistency, and abstraction, which never was going to be surpassed.[4] They appeared in the third millennium BC[5] and for the first time they were led to a global synthesis of the information they held, making the vision of unification of knowledge possible. Henceforth, they are the inspirers of every similar effort. They lived in the land of the Sumerians and the Accadians, making Babylon the home of the ancient wisdom. Their language was probably Acadian, from which the Babylonian, Assyrian and other languages derived, but maybe they expressed themselves in Sumerian, which differs in the verbal roots, the suffixes and prefixes, as an “Asianic” language.[6]

In Classical Antiquity, the name “Chaldeans” primarily stood for the priests of the Babylonian temples. The Greek historian Diodorus Sicilus compared them with the Egyptian priests.[7] Since the word “Chaldean” used for members not only of the Babylonian priesthood, but for all the Mesopotamian sages,[8] soon enough it became a title of honor for the Greeks who studied in the Babylonian schools. In the era of the prophet Daniel, the word “Chaldean” meant “magic”, while it is mentioned that the magician Balthazar of Nebuchadnezzar II’s court was the “lord of the incantations” («ἄρχων τῶν ἐπαοιδῶν») and the interpreter of dreams.[9] In Hellenistic times, the term “Chaldeos” was synonymous with the words “mathematician” and “astrologer”. However, in the Roman times the term had already acquired negative connotations.[10] The Byzantines believed that the origins of magic and pagan religion went back to Africa, and the tribes founded by the sons of Noah, Ham (his tribe spread in Babylonia, Persia and India) and Japheth (his tribe spread in Greece).[11] In Byzantium dominated the view that there are not all people able to communicate with supernatural forces. Thus, they believed that there are some chosen nations, like the Egyptians, the Babylonians, the Assyrians, the Jews, and the Persians, which are loved by the spirits. The reason for this love is that these nations were on earth when the demons lived here. The Byzantines did not separate the kinds of religions of these peoples, but they considered them “creators of statues, interpreters, and participants in mysteries” («ποιηταὶ ἀγαλμάτων καὶ ἐξηγηταὶ καὶ τελεσταὶ μυστηρίων»).[12] From the Old Testament it was known that Abraham traveled up and down Mesopotamia, Canaan, and Egypt. However, the view prevailed that the Biblical Patriarchs were not descendants from the land of Canaan. In Genesis it is written that Abraham came from the Ur of the Chaldeans.[13] The Christians did not consider Abraham as a magician and an astrologer, but as a true astronomer and an augur under the guidance of God.[14] From a point after on, the term “Chaldeos” became synonymous with the diviner and the sorcerer, the one who practices the occult sciences. The Church Father John Chrysostom (349–407) complained that the Babylonians practiced debauchery and black magic.[15] In the 11th century, the Byzantine scholar Michael Psellos, during his controversy with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius (1000–1059), accused his opponent of “Hellenism and Chaldaism” («ἐπ’ ἑλληνισμῷ και χαλδαϊσμῷ»).[16] Generally speaking, the name “Chaldeans” had a prestige, but it was connected with magic and quackery during the Middle Ages.[17]

The verses of the Chaldean Oracles do not directly originate from the ancient Chaldea. It is well known that they were written in the 2 century AD during the reign of Marcus Aurelius. The sources refer to two Juliani, father and son, as writers, under the names “Chaldean” and “Theurgist” respectively, who practiced the magical arts to gain contact with the divine. Probably, the Chaldean Oracles were created through the theurgic technique practiced by mediums (channeling), a form of spiritualism. The later is found in the Babylonian prophecy and the ecstasy of the Assyrian followers of Ishtar and Hecate. The Chaldean Oracles influenced the Neo-Platonism, because the latter had already partly accepted the dogma of Zoroastrian dualism in the 2nd century AD. The Middle-Platonist philosopher Numenius, who influenced the early formation of the Neo-Platonism, and lived in the city of Apamea,[18] was a radical dualist. Searching for the direct revelation of truth, Numenius was of the opinion that there is a harmonious relation of Platonists, Pythagoreans, Brahmans, Jews, Persians and Egyptians,[19] and he was favorably disposed to accept the Chaldean Oracles. Also, the teacher of Plotinus, Ammonius Sakkas, who is credited with the first teaching of Neo-Platonic doctrines, had awakened the interest of his students in Zoroastrianism. Thus, Plotinus decided to travel to Persia, and to learn the doctrines of the sages of this country. Moreover, Origen, a student of Ammonius (questionable whether he was the Christian Origen or another Platonic Origen), reproduced the doctrines of the Zoroastrians in his work On Daemons,[20] and a third student, Antoninus, cites a Persian doctrine for the cognitive principles.[21] Porphyry, Plotinus’s favorite student, was aware of the Chaldean Oracles, and supplied them with comments – which have not survived – in which he tried to harmonize the Chaldean wisdom with the teachings of Neo-Platonism.[22] Iamblichus, another Neo-Platonist, considered Chaldean Oracles particularly significant and he was the author of a now lost commentary on them. In his work On the Egyptian Mysteries, he described the means of union with God, [23] and raised the Chaldean Oracles to supreme authority. He believed that the latter surpassed the works of Plato. Actually, he did think that the Chaldean Oracles really convey “the Assyrian ancestral doctrines” («τὰ Ασσυρίων πάτρια δόγματα»).[24] The philosophers of the School of Athens considered the Chaldean Oracles as works of theologians and the culmination of studies. Nevertheless, according to these philosophers, the student owed to approach the Chaldean Oracles only after careful research on the works of Aristotle and Plato.[25]

Also, the connection of the Chaldean Oracles with the followers of Zoroaster – a religion spread in Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium BC onwards – appeared in the literature of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. This connection can be found in the manuscripts of the Neo-Platonic scholar George Gemistos Plethon in the 15th century.[26] In these manuscripts there are comments on the Chaldean Oracles by Proclus and Michael Psellos. However, only the comments of the latter were completely maintained.[27] Plethon’s main objective was to acceptably present his theological otherness. Thus, he replaced the pagan deity Hecate with the person of Zoroaster, connecting the Chaldean Oracles with the asceticism of the Chaldeans. The introduction of Zoroaster in the history of Western Esotericism created a historical continuity of Theurgists from the ancient Chaldea or Persia until the Juliani, the Sufi mystic Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi,[28] and Plethon. Although this continuity cannot be confirmed as to the truth of its origin, eventually feed the stream of European magic until nowadays.[29]

Despite all the above, the Chaldean magicians of Babylon cannot be identified stricto sensu with the creators of the Chaldean Oracles. Thus, the latter cannot be considered as a god given wisdom derived without interruption from the third millennium BC. Nevertheless, probably the Chaldean Oracles carry excerpts from the ancient Chaldean knowledge, the value of which was very important to be completely lost without a trace.[30] Some scholars considered the emphasis given to the Chaldean Oracles from the movement of Neo-Platonism as a gradual transition from philosophy to magic and religiosity.[31] The answer to the question of God was necessary to be given as much with meditation and research, as through a revealed truth, complemented with the practical implementation of ritual (Mystery Religions). Thus, the choice of the Chaldean Oracles can be explained due to their religious impact and their relation with the internal composition of the Neo-platonic movement. The Neo-Platonists connected the Chaldean Oracles with the ancient Chaldeans, obtaining a prestige coming from the East and legitimizing their existence as bearers and successors of an ancient tradition.

The first god of the Chaldean Oracles is identified with the Paternal monad and it is supposed that he reigns silently from the abyss, from where he created the world with the Power and the Intelligence. The Power is usually identified with the Son, the central element, while the Intelligence is equivalent to Hecate. Hecate is the live fire, and is identified with the Soul of the World,[32] a third god which has an intermediate position, separating and joining the two first hypostases, also called “Once and Twice beyond” («Ἅπαξ καὶ Δὶς ἐπέκεινα»). However, from the content of the fragmentary verses of the Chaldean Oracles it can sometimes be inferred that the Intelligence is the second demiurgic god and the Power is identified with Hecate. The first triad corresponds to the world of supramundane light and it is absolutely inconceivable and eternal.

The Chaldean Oracles attributed to Iynges, which are a kind of messengers or the thoughts of God, the same role that Plato attributed to demons. Furthermore, Iynges can be corresponded to the Platonic Ideas and they form a triad, along with the Maintainers («Συνοχεῖς») and the “Teletarches”. Demons may be good or bad or irrational. They appear during the ceremonies, having the ability to convert the soul. These mediating creatures live in the intelligible world and they are characterized by power and exceptional abilities.[33] This second triad is placed in the empyrean zone, having a beginning but not an end.

As regards the hypostasis of the Soul, it has a mediating and ascending role. When the Soul fell to the bodies, it was forced to become a slave of them. By descending to the bodies, it became captive of the matter, but without ceasing to be a fluid reality, maintaining a non-fallen part of it in the intelligible world. Ultimately, it is destined to reach the place of its origin, the heavenly vault, escaping from the oblivion of the sensible world. This return causes to the soul so great happiness that she is ravished. The soul during its ascent is divested of the earthly vestments («χιτώνες»), or spirits or vehicles, chanting the paean, and it achieves the salvation.[34] It lies to the soul to abandon the herd existence, which is subjected to Hemarmene. Its aim is the dominance of the passions and the rise with the help of Theurgy, which may even save the body, this mortal enclosure of “bitter matter” («πικρᾶς ὓλης»).[35] The upper region of the Soul is ethereal, encompassing the Noeric («Νοεροί»), the Cosmagogical («Κοσμαγωγοὶ»), and the Relentless («Ἀμείλικτοι»). The importance of fire is highlighted here, as it is opposed to the material darkness.

Beneath the Soul there is the material world, where the Demiurge – who is called “Hypezokos” or the Flower of Fire – and the Mother Earth reign. Here the higher demons, the human souls, the elementary or lower demons (fiery, aerial, ethereal, and aquatic), and the evil demons have their dwelling. Finally, the underworld for the Chaldeans was the post-mortem world, located inside the earth. The underworld is the home of the sinful souls, which extend their sentences after death in a kind of first matter. In fact, this world corresponds to Tartarus.[36]

A fundamental dualism between the material world and the world of the intelligence dominates in the theology of the Chaldean Oracles. Moreover, their demonology and their attribution of the cause of evil to matter imply pessimism about the human being. Thus, their cosmological dualism corresponds to an ethical attitude since the matter is identified with Hades and his demons. The oriental condemnation of the sensible world is obvious,[37] more than it is in the Neo-Platonic thought.[38] Furthermore, according to the Chaldean Oracles the descent and ascent of the Soul imply that it is not something stable, where the experiences are recorded, but a “wanderer of the metaphysical world” (in the Neo-Platonic sense).[39]

The first principle according to Neo-Platonism, the One, has the position of a name that implies domination and power. Perhaps, it could be compared to the word “En” of the ancient Chaldeans and Babylonians, as in their cuneiform scripture means the Lord or the Priest.[40] There are many elements that lead us to believe that this homonymy is not just a coincidence. Originally the Babylonian word “En” attributed to the very high priest or priestess of a deity who protected a Sumerian city-state – position which involved political power. Perhaps, it was the original title of the leader of Uruk, one of the first cities in history. The word “En” was used even in the Amarna Letters of 1350 BC for the word Bêlu, while it was a formal salutation of Pharaoh, meaning “king”.[41] Also, a name often given to the divine by the Babylonians is a circumlocution with the prefix “En”: En-lil (master of storm), En-Zu (lord of knowledge). Also, En-lil was the god of the waters of the Abyss, which is written in Sumerian En-Ki, having also as a component the word “En”. The symbolism of this god derived from the Sumerian-Akkadian mythology and cosmology, according to which the earth had the form of a plateau that once sank into the abyss of waters. [42] The son of this god, the Marduk, was represented by the “solar bull”, and he dominated in the Babylonian pantheon of the second millennium.[43]

The Neo-Platonist philosopher Damascius (6th century AD) has noted that the Babylonians knew that there was a single authority for all that is the One.[44] Also, the Neo-Platonist philosopher Proclus in his Commentary on Parmenides (Ὑπόμνημα εἰς Παρμενίδην) supported the view that the Chaldeans (the true theologians) called the first principle Ad, which meant “one”, and Adad, which meant “one-one”.[45] The Once beyond («Ἂπαξ επέκεινα»),[46] the first principle of the Chaldean Oracles, goes back to Ad, while the god Adad was equivalent to Twice beyond («Δίς ἐπέκεινα»),[47] the creator of the intelligible world. The word Adad is connected with the Assyrians, in a passage of Macrobius (early fifth century AD), where it is emphasized that these people worshiped the power of the sun, which they linked to the highest and greatest god (summum maximuque), called Adad. [48] The word Adad or for the accuracy Addu, is one of the fifty names given to Marduk, in the ancient Babylonian epic Enûma Eliš, and the link between Marduk and the sun is plausible in the interpretation of his name as Māri Utu, son of the Sun.[49] In addition, Marduk is equated with the god Aššur, so called in many Assyrian and Babylonian texts. The god Aššur is also written Aš which means “the One”.[50]

Also, the god Adad was at top of the pantheon of many Syrian cities, where he was commonly called Bel. In Apamea of Syria, the Chaldeans were identified with the hieratic class of the religion of Bel, who corresponds to the Greek god Zeus. An inscription from the Roman Palmyra mentions the word KLDY, which reads as “Chaldeans”. But also a Greek inscription on an altar of Apamea from some Sextus Varius Marcellus, which refers to the “logia in Apemea”, is considered to be related to the Chaldean Oracles.[51] In Apamea lived Amelius, the disciple of Plotinus and Iamblichus, who continued the tradition of the Chaldean Oracles.[52]

The phenomenon of the syncretism of goddesses was common in antiquity. A god could have more than one name, even if this is confusing at least to us. Damascius refers that the “Twice beyond” («Δίς ἐπέκεινα») that is the Demiurge God, exists as completeness and the source of all beings, and he is called Zeus. This god is equivalent to the universal principle or hypostasis, which produces all other hypostases.[53] According to Damascius, there is an ambiguity between the primary hypostasis and those derived from it, even if all are called with the same name. Thus, there is a diffusion of one hypostasis to another since they are interdependent and are subjected to the first hypostasis. The three hypostases of the primary triad were named with the same or different names, as the god Aššur was illustrated with more than one wings and forms.[54]

The ancient Babylonians had a wide pantheon and a special attachment to the names of their deities. They believed that by the use of their names, the gods interfere, making the magical-religious practices to be successful. If one possessed the true name of God, it was believed that he could influence the God himself.[55] The same happened with regard to the gods Isis and Osiris. The Egyptians considered that the “name” (ren) has a significant relationship with what it was named. The essence of a god, a human being or a sensible thing, was contained in its name. The Egyptian sacred names had a theurgic power that could reveal the divine reality.[56] This syncretism of the names of the deities, on the one hand seems to support the view of a “theological koine” between the peoples[57] in the ancient world, and on the other hand indicates the obvious indeterminacy of the divine level.

The ancient Chaldeans considered the true name of God as much unspeakable and ineffable, as unapproachable was the divine level itself. Equally, the Neo-Platonists viewed the first principle as ineffable and unapproachable through the knowledge; the only approach to it was through the mystical experience. Also, the indefinite and numeric name given to the first principle implies its nameless nature. Plotinus himself stated that we do not find the true, but the potential name of the first principle.[58]

It is a plausible conjecture, that the philosopher Plotinus was aware of the Babylonian doctrines, because of his journey to Persia, following the campaign of the Emperor Gordian.[59] If Plotinus actually talked to the representatives of the Babylonian people, he would have heard them mention the name “En” for their rulers and their priests and as a prefix for their gods. Thus, he would be related with the Chaldean doctrines not only through his successors, who commented on the Chaldean Oracles and link them to Theurgy, but more directly, as a hearsay witness of the ancient tradition. If Plotinus had some Chaldean knowledge, as much as he did not keep secret the teachings of Ammonius Sakkas,[60] as he would include this information in his oral teaching – although there is little literary evidence, which could lead to such a conclusion.[61] Moreover, it is believed that his student Amelius Gentilianus, previously a student of Numenius from Apamea in Syria, returned again in this city,[62] attracted by the cult of the god Baal, before the bishop Marcellus destroyed the temple in 380 AD.[63]

As Porphyry noted in On the Life of Plotinus (Περὶ τοῦ Πλωτίνου Βίου), his teacher did not often visited temples and religious rites.[64] Plotinus’ personal experience suggests that he aimed for directness, which the participation in temples and rites could not ensure. Nevertheless, he compared the mystical union with a man who enters into a sanctuary and leaves behind the statues in the outer shrine, so as the initiate to see and to become in ecstasy with the divine.[65] Thus, he said that a wise priest, who understands the truth of mystery, may make the contemplation real by entering the sanctuary. But even if he has not been there, and thinks that this sanctuary is something invisible, and the source and the principle, he will know that he sees principle by principle and that the similar is united with the similar.[66] The goal is to capture the divine, which is reflected in the soul and the mind.

Chaldean’s theory of ascension implies a union of the initiative with the divine. In Chaldean Oracles the ascension is guided by the goddess Hecate, who leads to the first principle. The Chaldeans, the Neo-Platonists, and other sects and groups shared the widespread belief that the stars are deities.[67] Nevertheless, the ancient Chaldeans were considered the founders of astrology. Even the Theurgists considered the process of ascension as a journey to the skies through the magic-religious acts. For the Chaldeans, the stars are self-willed divine beings in the skies and are affected by the theurgic ceremonies to satisfy the human desires.[68] According to the Neo-Platonists, the soul was initially embarked on the illuminated cosmic boat of the sky for descending into the world of senses.[69] Next, it followed the spinning of the cosmic spindle and it boarded an individual boat,[70] which defined its fate in the world.[71] By boarding its “vehicle”, the soul would be exposed to the environmental influences and the inevitability of fate.[72] Eventually, it would be renounced its corporeality, which in no way could by nature to accept it forever.[73] The soul is incorporeal and immaterial, and as a substance and a hypostasis does not communicate itself with the body. It is the energy of the soul that makes the bodies to move and to act. The incorporeal entities vitalize the bodies through their actions.[74] In the Neo-Platonic metaphysical system there are not only the human souls, but the “greater kinds” («κρείτοννα γένη»), i.e. gods, angels, archangels, demons, and heroes as well.[75] The souls of all these beings move in an intermediary space between the earthly and the unearthly place. Nevertheless, some Neo-Platonists believed that the soul does not fall as a whole into the bodies, so as to derive more power for its metempsychosis and for its astral journey.[76] In any case, the human being keeps the possibility of freedom hoping to return to the divine kingdom.

Ancient Chaldeans’ magical practices consisted of a formula and of specific acts, which properly repeated in a ritual.[77] Babylonians, Egyptians, and Neo-Platonists attempted to give names to the divine, based on the theory of sympathy and the panpsychism, according to which the heaven is reflected on the earth: every action here has implications in the upper world,[78] the stars and the supernatural beings. Neo-Platonists used various theurgic objects, which they connected to the metaphysical level. In Neo-Platonic Theurgy the objects have symbolic meanings, they are cosmic tools.[79] These objects symbolized the deities of the world beyond, where the initiate’s soul intended to travel. The doctrine of sympathy of all things goes back to the Chaldeans and is related to the Neo-Platonists, who mainly drew from the pantheistic conception of nature and the determinism of the Stoics.[80]

Chaldean magician’ instrument of knowledge is extended outwardly in order to receive the divine light. The Chaldean and the Theurgist used the fire, aiming at the attraction upward during the initiation ceremony. Sometimes the fire is identified with the god himself that is the Paternal Monad of the Chaldean Oracles, which affected the initiated. The mysterious power of the fire, which the second god creator carries to the sun, gives light to the planets. Thus, the initiate becomes part of the harmony of the whole; he is connected with the secret ray of god and the repetitive rotation of the sun. In ancient Babylonian and Hellenistic theology, the sun has a special role, it approaches the divine kingdom. According to the Chaldean Oracles the sun is the heart of the world, the generator of life. Its rays clean the soul of the initiate, making him to join with the primary light.[81]

The Neo-Platonists extensively used the image of light, to the point of developing an aesthetic of light. Furthermore, they often linked the One as Good to the sun, which spreads its rays to the world. The Neo-Platonic philosophy led to a vision of the divine level by using logical categories, concepts and many poetic images. The Chaldeans Theurgists used magic names, “sunthēmata” and “symbols” to influence the divine.[82] Nevertheless, an identification of the seeing subject with the seen object was presupposed to achieve the vision of the One as an illumination of the soul. In this way a higher totality can be formed. The Chaldeans believed in an outside illumination of the human being based on rites, while the Neo-Platonists mainly believed in an internalization of the light. Nevertheless, both ultimately aimed at transforming the body, the soul and the spirit through a process of perfection.

However, the Neo-Platonists indeed believed that the soul returns to the One and to the blessedness of the paradise of souls through Theurgy. Similarly, the ancient Chaldeans considered that the return of the soul to the god En-Ki is signified by the repetition of the mythical time of Origins[83]. The main mystery for the Chaldeans and the Neo-Platonists was the immortalization or ascend.[84] The true purpose of the initiation was the rebirth of the soul through its journey in an invisible realm inhabited by spiritual beings. The neophyte, who achieved the ultimate initiation of the mystery, surpassed the world of necessity, which governs humanity; he rises to the first principle and gains immortality.[85]

The comparison of the Neo-Platonism with the Chaldean wisdom and practice does not necessarily imply the knowledge of the ancient Chaldean doctrines and ceremonies – a statement that cannot be proved true or false with certainty. Nevertheless, by suggesting the similarities between them, it becomes clear why the disciples and successors of Plotinus adopted the Chaldean Oracles. The main reason was to contrast as much as possible strongly and equally the Christianity and the mystery cults of the Late Antiquity. Thus, they forced to supplement the philosophy of the founder of Neo-Platonism with the practical dimension of spiritual experience. Nevertheless, the practical aspect of spirituality could not be followed, if Plotinus did not express his mystical experience in a context that required the integration of many ancient teachings. Among the latter, there are three main tenets: a) the division of hypostases, b) the extensive demonology – Plotinus wrote the treatise “On our allotted guardian spirit” (Περὶ τοῦ Εἰληχότος ἡμᾶς δαίμονος, III.4), identifying the demons’ dwelling space at the levels of Soul and matter – and c) the description of the motion of the human soul in a downward and upward path between the stars.

Through the highlighting of elements that connect the ancient Chaldeans with the Chaldean Oracles and the Neo-Platonism became clear that: a) this connection is neither necessary nor plausible, b) the reasons for which the Neo-Platonists traced their philosophy to the Chaldeans of Babylon was first, the prestige the latters had acquired in Classical and Hellenistic Antiquity, before their name to be identified with quackery and witchcraft during the early Middle Ages, and second – as a consequence of the first – the fact that the Eastern philosophy and religion were fashionable in Late Antiquity.

However, a consequence of the above is the not altogether hypothetical conclusion that some nuggets of religion of the Eastern peoples contemporary to the Neo-Platonists, and perhaps of the ancient Chaldeans, preserved in the hexameter verses of the Chaldean Oracles. Some arguments supporting this conclusion are: a) the similarity of the ancient cosmology and the division of Being in the Chaldean Oracles with the ancient Chaldean cosmology, b) the relevance of the magical practices of the ancient Chaldeans with the Neo-Platonic Theurgy, c) the “fear of matter” in Chaldean Oracles, as a result of an ascetic morality and a devaluation of the material world, which are similar to the Neo-Platonic placement of matter in the lower level of the axiological and ontological climax.

Nevertheless, there is a particularly significant element in support of the position that the Eastern Chaldean wisdom influenced the Neo-Platonism. This is the non-accidental homonymy of the first principle of Neo-Platonism (En=One) with the word “En” of the ancient Chaldeans and Babylonians since in their cuneiform writing it means the Lord or the Priest, and it is used as the first part of many compound words for their gods, such as En-Lil (Lord of the Storm), En-Ki (deity of crafts, mischief, water, intelligence and creation) etc. The significance of this fact is accentuated by: a) the recognition by both sides of the indeterminacy of the first principle, which allowed the hope of ascending to the divine infinity, and the consequent possibility of the divine influence through the magical practices, and b) the existence of a “theological koine” of the Eastern Mediterranean peoples, which supported the syncretism of deities of different religions.

Moreover, although the knowledge of the Chaldean Oracles by the founder of Neo-Platonism is a controversial issue due to lack of sufficient philological and historical evidence, there are some elements that could support it. First, Plotinus’ journey to Persia as a follower of the Emperor Gordian and the relation of his student Amelius to Apamea in Syria – where the cult of the god Baal was worshiped – suggest that he was not completely unaware of the ancient Chaldean teachings. Second, though Plotinus did not participated often in religious ceremonies, he expressed his personal experience through the language of the mystery cults of his time. Moreover, Plotinus described the union of the initiate with the divine as an ascent to heaven through a bright cosmic ship, which corresponds to the astral ascent of the ancient Chaldeans and the Chaldean Oracles. According to the latter the goddess Hecate – equivalent to the Neo-Platonic hypostasis of Soul – mediates so as the ascent through a vehicle to be accomplished. Third, the light symbolism in the Enneads is particularly significant since it is used as an illustration of the Good or the One. Similarly, the light symbolism is frequently mentioned in the Chaldean Oracles. According to the latter the light through the Creator God moved into the sun, illuminating the Earth’s surface and guiding the divine path of the mystic. Also, the Chaldean magician used the fire as a symbol of the divine light in the ceremonies. Fourth, in the thought of Plotinus and in that of his followers, there is an Underworld, where the souls are punished. Moreover, the Neo-Platonists accepted the existence of an intelligible place of the blessed gods.[86] In the same way, according to the Chaldean Oracles, the Earth contains an interior world of postmortem punishment of the souls. However, the principal mystery of the Chaldean Oracles is the immortalization of the soul on its return to the higher realms beyond the Earth. Also, according to the ancient Babylonian and Chaldean beliefs, there is an Underworld, understood as a dark place of death, without punishments and rewards. Nevertheless, the soul in this life has a way out during the recurrence of religious actions and thoughts: this is the revival of the mythical time of the Origins and the ascent to the god En-Ki.

If we were going to give an epilogue to the subject of this paper, it would be related to a general historical significance. In other words, it should be pointed out that the successors and the heirs of the founder of Neo-Platonism will accomplish the step he did not make, which is an obvious and close connection of philosophy with religion. The spread of the Neo-Platonic Theurgy caused by the Chaldean Oracles is a witness and a proof of this connection. The closure of the Platonic Academy of Athens in 529 AD by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian closed a cycle of life and thought as well. The latter began with the first appearance of the mathematics, the Chaldeans, at the third millennium BC, who by their religious perceptions influenced the Neo-Platonic movement, especially through the Chaldean Oracles. This cycle was symbolically and essentially completed by the emigration of the last Neo-Platonists philosophers, who with their leader Damascius flee to Haran of Mesopotamia.[87] Thus, the representatives of the Neo-Platonism will find themselves once again near the source of Chaldaism, and generally the Eastern wisdom, which inoculated into the last phase of Greek philosophy.

[1] F. M. Fabes, “Arameans and Chaldeans: Environment and society,” in G. Leick (ed.), The Babylonian World (New York/London 2007) 290. The name Chaldeans (Kaldu) does not appear in sources before 878 BC.

[2] P. A. Beaulieu, “Late Babylonian Intellectual Life,” in G. Leick (ed.), The Babylonian World (New York/London 2007) 482 and 475.

[3] M. Rutten, La science des Chaldéens (Paris 1970) 6.

[4] Ibid., 7.

[5] This dating generally refers to the people who appeared in Mesopotamia in this period, in relation to the subsequent perception of the term “Chaldeans”, and should not be confused with the dating given by historians, around the 9th century BC, exclusively for a people with this name.

[6] M. Rutten, La science des Chaldéens, op. cit., 13-15.

[7] Diodorus Sicilus, Bibliotheca Historica, Α’, 28, 1. Cf. A. Uzdavinys, “Chaldean Divination and the Ascent to Heaven,” in P. Curry-A. Voss (eds), Seeing with Different Eyes: Essays in Astrology and Divination (Newcastle 2007) 21.

[8] Algis Uzdavinys, “Chaldean Divination and the Ascent to Heaven,” op. cit., 32.

[9] Ammonius of Alexandria, Fragmenta in Denielem, P.G. 85, 1376A. Cf. Α. Βακαλούδη, Η μαγεία ως κοινωνικό φαινόμενο στο πρώιμο Βυζάντιο (4ος -7ος αι. μ. Χ.) (Αθήνα 2001) 55 note 75.

[10] Cf. A. Uzdavinys, “Chaldean Divination and the Ascent to Heaven,” op. cit., 21 and 32, note 4.

[11] Α. Βακαλούδη, Η μαγεία ως κοινωνικό φαινόμενο, op. cit., 46.

[12] Α. Βακαλούδη, Η μαγεία ως κοινωνικό φαινόμενο, op. cit., 46, note 7.

[13] C. F. Mariottini, “Ur and Haran: Abraham’s Background,” Biblical Illustrator 27/1 (Fall 1997) 50-53.

[14] Α. Βακαλούδη, Η μαγεία ως κοινωνικό φαινόμενο, op. cit., 55.

[15] John Chrysostom, Homilies on First Corinthians, Homily ΜΔ’, P.G. 61, 413. Cf. Α. Βακαλούδη, Η μαγεία ως κοινωνικό φαινόμενο, op. cit., 55-56 and note 76.

[16] Β. Τατάκης, Η Βυζαντινή Φιλοσοφία (Αθήνα 1997) 166.

[17] M. Rutten, La science des Chaldéens, op. cit., 5.

[18] J. Dillon, The Middle Platonists. 80 B.C. to A.D. 220 (Ithaca/New York 1996) 361.

[19] É. d. Places, Numénius, Fragments (Paris 1973) fr. ΙΙ. Cf. Ἱάμβλιχος, Περὶ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων μυστηρίων (Θεσσαλονίκη 2005) 519, note 9.

[20] Πορφύριου, Περὶ τοῦ Πλωτίνου Βίου καὶ τῆς τάξεως τῶν βιβλίων αὐτοῦ (Ἁθήναι 1991) 3.31.

[21] Antoninos and not Antonius as Hans Lewy erroneously writes in Chaldean Oracles and Theurgy. Mysticism, Magic and Platonism in Late Roman Empire (Paris 2011) 395-4 and note 301. Cf. Πρόκλου, Εἰς τὸν Τίμαιον Πλάτωνος ΙΙ.154.9: Ernst Diehl (ed.), In Platonis Timeum Commentaria (Leipzig 1903, Amsterdam 1965).

[22]R. Wallis, Neoplatonism (London 1972) 105-6.

[23]A. Sheppard, “Proclus’ Attitude to Theurgy,” The Classical Quarterly 32/1 (1982) 212. This position is strengthened from the passage of Damascus, in his commentary Εις Φαίδωνα, Leendert Gerrit Westernik (ed.), The Greek Commentaries on Plato’s Phaedo: Damascius (Amsterdam 1977) 172: «οἱ μὲν τὴν φιλοσοφίαν προτιμῶσιν, ὡς Πορφύριος καὶ Πλωτίνος καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ φιλόσοφοι∙ οἱ δὲ τὴν ἱερατικὴν, ὡς Ἱάμβλιχος καὶ Συριανὸς καὶ Πρόκλος καὶ οἱ ἱερατικοὶ πάντες».

[24] Iamblichus, De Mysteriis (Atlanta 2003) I.2 (p. 8).

[25] R. Wallis, Neoplatonism, op. cit., 106.

[26] B. Tambrun-Krasker (Éd.-intr.-trad.-comm.), Μαγικὰ λόγια τῶν ἀπὸ Ζωροάστρου μάγων. Γεωργίου Γεμιστοῦ Πλήθωνος. Ἐξήγησις εἰς τὰ αὐτὰ λόγια. Oracles Chaldaïques. Recension de Georges Gémiste Pléthon, La recension arabe des Μαγικὰ Λόγια par Michel Tardieu. Corpus Philosophorum Medii Aevi. Βυζαντινοί Φιλόσοφοι – Philosophi Byzantini (Ἁθήναι/Paris/Bruxelles 1995) 44.

[27] Dylan Burns, “The Chaldean Oracles of Zoroaster, Hekate’s Couch, and Platonic Orientalism in Psellos and Plethon,” in Aries 6:2 (2006) 158-179, where the author presents convincing arguments for this position.

[28] Henri Corbin, and other modern scholars, supported the view that Islamic mysticism influenced the work of Plethon through the Sufi Suhrawardi (see S. H. Nasr, Three Muslim Sages. Avicenna-Suhrawardi-Ibn ‘Arabi (Delmar/New York 1997) 62), when the Byzantine scholar lived in Bursa or Hadrianopolis (Edirne), and studied with the Jew Elissaios, according to the writings of Scholarios. See W. G. Hanegraff, “The Pagan who came from the East: George Gemistos Plethon and Platonic Orientalism,” in W. Hanegraff-J. Pinenburg (eds), Hermes in the Academy. Ten Years’ Study of Western Esotericism at the University of Amsterdam (Amesterdam 2009) 33-49. It was further suggested that perhaps the mystic teacher Elissaios is identified with Sheikh Bedreddin. See N Siniossoglou, “Sect and Utopia in shifting empires: Plethon, Elissaios, Bedreddin,” Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 36/1 (2012) 38-55.

[29] For this general point, see J. Godwin, The Golden Thread: The Ageless Wisdom of the Western Mystery Traditions (Wheaton, Illinois 2007) 8. The author refers the view of the eighteenth-century Platonist and translator Thomas Taylor, who believed that some of the Chaldean Oracles went back to the original Zoroaster.

[30] Α. Uzdavinys, “Chaldean Divination,” op. cit., 21-2.

[31] C. Zintzen, Die Philosophie des Neuplatonismus, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft (Darmstadt 1977) 391-426.

[32] É. d. Places, Oracles Chaldaïques. Avec un choix de Commentaires Anciens (Paris 1971) 14.

[33] Ibid., 14.

[34] Ibid., 15.

[35] Ibid., 16.

[36] Ibid., 298.

[37] H. Lewis, The Chaldean Oracles, op. cit., 390. He highlights: «the Chaldeans limit their “hylophobia” to the sublunar world, a point of decided difference from the Gnostics, who gave up the entire creation as a massa perditionis».

[38] Enneads II.9.8.22. Cf. Πλωτίνου, Ἑννεάς Πρώτη (Ἁθήναι 1994) 125 (Enneads Ι.8.3.4-7).

[39] W. R. Inge, The Philosophy of Plotinus 1 (New York 1968) 203.

[40] R. Borger, Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon (Münster 2003) nr. 164. Ut 12097. Cf. F. Lenormant, Chaldean Magic its Origin and Development (2010) 15, where it is noted that the word: ên is an ideogram with a complex character formed of the sign “su”, which represents the idea of “gathering” and “cohibition”, and the sign “an”, god”. Lenormant concludes that the formation of this character proceeds from an dea analogous to that of the “gods’ necessities” («θεῶν ἀνάγκαι») of the Neo-platonic Theurgy. Cf. Ἱάμβλιχος, Περὶ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων μυστηρίων, op. cit., I.14

[41]W. Moran, The Amarna Letters (Baltimore/London 1992) 239, 307, 323. Some examples of letters which use the cuneiform writing “EN” is EA (for “El Amarna”) 152, EA 254, EA and 282. Usually it is used in the introduction of the letter, when it is addressed to Pharaoh, and calls him “King, my Lord”. This address is called Bêlu or Veli as well (ibid., 144, note 7). Also, Baal is sometimes identified with the Adad (ibid., 386).

[42] G. Contenau, La Magie chez les Assyriens et les Babyloniens (Paris 1947) 59-60.

[43] A. George (transl.), Epic of Gilgamesh. The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian (London 1999) 224.

[44] S. A. Rappe (transl.), Damascius’ problems and solutions concerning first principles (Oxford 2010) 418 and note 99.

[45] S. Dalley-A. T. Reyes, “Mesopotamian Contact and Influence in the Greek World,” in Stephanie Dalley (ed.), The Legacy of Mesopotamia (Oxford 1998) 85-124. Πρβλ. R. Klibansky-C. Labowsky, Plato Latinus 3 Parmenides usque ad finem primae hypothesis nec non Procli Commentarium in Parmenidem, pars ultima adhuc inedita inteprete Guillelmo de Moerbeka (London 1953) 274.

[46] É. d. Places, Oracles Chaldaïques, fr. 5-6.

[47] The Once beyond is identified with the Monad in the Chaldean Oracles. See R. Majercik, “Chaldean Triads in Neo-Platonic exegesis: some reconsiderations,” The Classical Quarterly 51/1 (2001) 274.

[48] Macrobius, Saturnalia 1/1-2, R. A. Kaster (ed.) (Harvard 2011) 304. Cf. R. Klibansky-C. Labowky, Plato Latinus, op. cit., 95 and P. Talon, “Enūma Eliš and the Transmission of Babylonian Cosmology to the West,” R. M. Whiting (ed.), Melammu Symposia 2. Mythology and Mythologies. Methodological Approaches to Intercultural Influences. Proceedings of the Second Annual Symposium of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project (Paris 1999) 274-5.

[49] W. C. Lambert-S. B. Parker, Enûma Eliš. The Babylonian Epic of Creation (Oxford 1966) 101-102.

[50] S. Parpola, “The Assyrian Tree of Life: Tracing the Origins of Jewish Monotheism and Greek Philosophy,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 52/3 (July 1993) 206.

[51] P. Athanassiadi, “The Chaldean Oracles: Theology and Theurgy,” in P. Athanassiadi – M. Frede (ed.), Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity (Oxford 1999) 155.

[52] Ibid., 156.

[53] S A. Rappe (transl.), Damascius’ problems and solutions concerning first principles, 315.

[54] P. Talon, “Enūma Eliš and the Transmission of Babylonian Cosmology to the West,” op. cit., 275.

[55] G. Contenau, La Magie chez les Assyriens et les Babyloniens, op. cit., 135-137.

[56] A. Uždavinys, Philosophy as a Rite of Rebirth. From Ancient Egypt to Neo-Platonism (Wiltshire 2008) 204 and 316. Cf. J. Assmann, The Mind of Egypt. History and Meaning in the Time of the Pharaohs (Cambridge/Massachusetts and London 2002) 57 and 71.

[57] P. Athanasiadi, “The Chaldean Oracles: Theology and Theurgy,” op. cit., 177-182.

[58] Enneads V.3.13.1-7

[59] Πορφύριος, Περὶ τοῦ Πλωτίνου Βίου, op. cit., 3.15-22.

[60] Ibid., 3.25-38 and 4.10-16.

[61] The only reference that Plotinus was aware of the Chaldean Oracles is found in the work of Michael Psellos (Patrologia Graeca 122, 1125d1-2. Cf. É. d. Places, Oracles Chaldaïques, op. cit., 165), and regards the beginning of the rudimentary treatise of the Enneads I.9: «μὴ ἐξάξεις, ἳνα μὴ ἐξίῃ ἔχουσα τι» (you shall not take out your soul, so that it not goes having something). The following text is very contradictory and it is difficult to be reconstructed. E. R. Dodds (The Greeks and the Irrational (Berkley/Los Angeles/London 1951) 301, note 26) concluded that it could not have come from hexameter verse. However, most likely is that Plotinus actually had in mind the Chaldean verses, and Psellos’ information is correct (See Πλωτίνου, Ἑννεάς Πρώτη, op. cit., 317-8. Cf. especially the argumentation by J. F. Finamore, Iamblichus and the Theory of the Vehicle of the Soul (Chico/California 1985) 8 and note 10).

[62] Πορφύριος, Περὶ τοῦ Πλωτίνου Βίου, op. cit., 19.20-32.

[63] P. Athanasiadi, “The Chaldean Oracles: Theology and Theurgy,” op. cit., 156.

[64] With the exception of the invocation in the Iseum according to the testimony of Porphyry (Περὶ τοῦ Πλωτίνου Βίου, op. cit., 10). When Amelios invited Plotinus to the festival of the new moon, the latter refused, giving his famous answer: «the gods ought to come to me, not I to go to them».

[65] Enneads VI.9.11.18-25.

[66] Ibid., VI.9.11.28-33. Actually, Zeke Mazur presented Plotinus’ mysticism as an inner magic and Theurgy. See “Unio Magica, Part 1: On the Magical Origins of Plotinus’ Mysticism,” Dionysius 21 (2003) 23-52 and “Unio Magica, Part 2: Plotinus, Theurgy, and the Question of Ritual,” Dionysius 22 (2004) 29-56.

[67] “Gods Emperors” («Θεοὺς αὐτοκράτορας»), as Philo of Alexandria called them (see De specialibus legibusΠερὶ τῶν ἐν μέρει διαταγμάτων Ι.13).

[68] Πλωτίνου, Ἑννεάς Δευτέρα (Αθήνα 1997) 223.

[69] Plato in the myth of the Republic likened the cosmic boat to the hypozōmata (undergirding) of triremes. See Plato, Republic, 616c 3. It is an image similar to that of God as ruler of the universe. See Numenius, Fragments, É. d. Places (ed.), (Paris 1973) fr. 18 (p. 58).

[70] Evolution of the vehicle of the Platonic Timaeus (41e1-2).

[71] Perhaps we can trace here an impact of the Egyptian doctrine of the “boat of the soul”. See Πλωτίνου, Ἐννεάς Τρίτη (Ἁθήναι 2004) 404.

[72] See Proclus Commentary on Plato’s Timaeus I/1: Proclus on the Socratic State of Atlantis (Cambridge 2006) 96, 98, 207, 209, 235, 240 – Proclus Commentary on Plato’s Timaeus II/2: Proclus on the Causes of the Cosmos and its Creation (Cambridge 2008) 155 – Proclus Commentary on Plato’s Timaeus III/3 Proclus on the World’s Body (Cambridge 2007) 23, 45, 59, 114, 129, 141, and 145.

[73] The interpretation of the passage IV.3.24 of the Enneads by Ιoan Couliano is not correct (Expériences de l’extase: Extase, ascension et récit visionnaire de l’hellénisme au Moyen Age (Paris 1984), since Plotinus does not claim that the soul in its ascent does not need the astral body, but that by its nature it is destined to divest itself of corporeality.

[74] By this division Porphyry was placed between Plotinus’ view that the upper part of the soul does not descend into the bodies, and Proclus’ view that the whole soul descends into the earthly world. His thought will eventually influence the work of Iamblichus, who considered the soul-vehicle as a median between the rational soul and the body. See M. Zambon, “Le significato filosofico della doctrina dell’ochêma dell’anima,” in R. Chiaradonna (ed.), Studi sull’anima in Plotino (Naples 2005) 305-337.

[75] J. F. Finamore, Iamblichus and the Theory of the Vehicle, op. cit., 39.

[76] Enneads VI.8.7.1-2. For Plotinus the higher self of man remains unaffected from the influences of both the world of becoming and of any attempt to be damaged due to magical practices. Even the influence of the stars does not affect the superior soul of man, which always remains high near the Intelligence and does not fall down here. This means that man is prepared to rise through the hypostases to the beginning of all beings, the One. Conversely, according to Proclus, it is the whole soul which falls into the world of bodies. See Proclus, The Elements of Theology (Oxford 1963) 309. This is not because of Proclus’ pessimism, but because the soul has to use all of its powers to rise again through the stellar road to the intelligible kingdom. Thus, a larger responsibility and freedom is attributed to man in relation to the earlier Neo-Platonism of Plotinus. Cf. T. Whittaker, The Neo-Platonists. A Study in the history of Hellenism (New York 1970) 180.

[77] G. Contenau, La Magie chez les Assyriens et le Babyloniens, op. cit., 127.

[78] Ibid., 154. Cf. M. Eliade, Cosmologie et Alchemie Babyloniennes (Paris 1991) 24-29.

[79] M. Eliade, A History of Religious Ideas. From the Stone Age to the Eleusinian Mysteries 1 (London 1979) 61-2. Cf. G. Shaw, Theurgy and the Soul. The Neo-Platonism of Iamblichus (Pennsylvania 1995) 28 sq.

[80] F. Cumont, Astrology and Religion among the Greeks and Romans (New York/ London 1912) 32, 40.

[81] Η. Lewis, Chaldean Oracles, op. cit., 409-410.

[82] R. D. Majercik, Chaldean Oracles: text, translation and commentary (Leiden 1989) 215.

[83] M. Eliade, A History of Religious Ideas, op. cit., 58.

[84] This mystery is not adequately described. See Eric Robertson Dodds, “New Light on the Chaldean Oracles,” in H. Lewis, Chaldean Oracles, op. cit., 698.

[85] Ibid., 213.

[86] Enneads Ι.8.2.26, VI.7.35.38, III.5.9.39.

[87] P. Chuvin, Chronique des derniers païens (Paris 1990) 144.

Philosophia 14/2016, pp. 171-189


For many of us, the holiday season is a time of joy, family time, and closeness. However, for millions of people worldwide, this holiday season will be much different from any before.

With social distancing, travel bans, and lockdown becoming commonplace worldwide, many people won’t be able to travel home, see their families, and spend time with loved ones this year.

So, it is normal if you feel anxious about holidays and feelings of loneliness, isolation, sadness that may come along. Before this new, pandemic-normal, most of our holiday stress used to spin around holiday schedules, last-minute errands, gift shopping, entertaining, and spending time with our families. The things we once used to dread turned out to be something we long for this year.

The holiday season can be particularly challenging if you have recently lost a loved one and you’re still grieving. Holidays only increases the feeling of loss, and the sorrow and loneliness feel more profound. So, it is expected that you feel blue about the upcoming holiday season. But you will get through it. Here are a few strategies to boost your spirit and deal with loneliness during the holiday season.

1. Make Self-Care Your Priority

Taking a break from endless shopping, partying, and entertaining friends and family doesn’t have to be depressing. Use this time to relax and do things you enjoy.

Start your days with a mindfulness exercise. Both science and practice have proven the benefits of meditation and relaxation. Techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing, guided imagery, or yoga can help you relax, feel calm, and deal with stress, anxiety, and loneliness.

Mindfulness meditation can help you become aware of your negative thoughts that trigger profound loneliness and isolation. The practice of being present in the moment can help you acknowledge such thoughts and then calmly let them go.

Besides, mindfulness practice has the power to boost your optimism and raise resilience by reducing the activity in the amygdala, part of the brain responsible for stress responses. So, reducing the amygdala’s activity, mindfulness decreases the levels of stress and anxiety.

Stick to healthy sleep habits. Restful sleep can strengthen your immune system, reduce anxiety and depression, and boost your resilience.

Exercise regularly. Physical activity stimulates the production of the powerful neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and endorphins), also known as natural pain relievers or ‘hormones of happiness.’ These neurotransmitters generate new cells and connections in our brain, similarly to what antidepressant medicament therapy does.

Eat healthily. Studies show that a Mediterranean-style diet that involves fish, vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and olive oil promotes physical and mental well-being.

Connect with nature. If you are not strictly ordered to stay at home, spend time outdoors whenever you can, respecting social distancing rules. Even if it is spending time on your balcony, connecting with nature can help you relax and reduce anxiety and loneliness.

2. Stay Connected with Friends and Family

This holiday season, many of us will virtually invite family members and friends into our homes. Social distancing doesn’t mean we should avoid social interaction altogether. To reduce feelings of loneliness and isolation during holidays, use technology and apps to stay in touch with loved ones. Socializing, even in digital space, will improve your mood and help protect your mental health.

3. Seek Support

If you feel that loneliness during the holiday season is too much to bear on your own, seek out mental health counseling. To respect social distancing rules, you may want to consider online counseling options.

E-counseling is within reach from your computer or smartphone at any given time but no less effective than traditional in-office counseling. Psychotherapy and counseling can help you work through feelings of sadness, isolation, fear, or anxiety, teach you strategies for coping with stress, and help you overcome the crisis.

4. Join Online Communities

If you feel lonely and isolated during the holiday season, reach out to websites or chatrooms where you can socialize with people who share your interests or experiences. Join some online chat rooms (communities gathered around a specific topic) and speak to people in the community.

This holiday season might feel a bit lonelier and gloomy, but life doesn’t stop here. Hopefully, things will start getting back close to what we remember as normal in all life areas. Loneliness during the holiday season might make us more conscious of how delicate life is, motivating us to feel more grateful for simple life pleasures and people in our lives.

Don’t forget that we are all in this together, so none of us is truly alone. Wishing you a safe and peaceful Holiday season!

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How Can A Cleburne, Texas Lawyer Help?

Because there are particular formalities which must be followed in drafting wills, it's always a good idea to seek the help of a Cleburne, Texas attorney in drafting your will. Even if your will is going to be very simple, and you have the formalities all figured out, mistakes can be made.


What is a Comprehensive Master Plan?
Our community is thriving. As more residents and business owners discover Castle Rock as a desirable place to raise a family or grow a business, it’s important to have a guiding plan. A plan helps ensure the Castle Rock we know today, remains the Town we still love in the future.

A Comprehensive Master Plan defines the Town’s broad and long-term direction. Then, it defines specific goals and objectives to help guide the Town’s decisions around growth and development.

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1. What is a Comprehensive Master Plan?
2. What’s included in the plan?
3. How does the plan guide development decisions and control growth?
4. What other ways does the plan guide the Town?
5. How often is plan updated?


Updates And Results For Who's Number One: Gordon Ryan vs Matheus Diniz

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Live from Who's Number One: Gordon Ryan vs Matheus Diniz, here is the play by play of every single match!

William Tacket vs Jason Rau

Rau pulled to butterfly half guard right away. Tackett looked for an over under pass and Rau began to threaten the legs.

Tackett changed sides to knee cut to the right, and got stopped by Rau’s reverse De La Riva guar.

Tackett remained heavy in his passing attempts but Rau was able to scoop a leg up and earn top position off of Tackett’s defense.

Tackett came up on a single leg to reestablish top position.

Tackett stepped over to pass and ended up with a mounted triangle. He followed through and ended up on bottom, where he secured the triangle and finished with a Kimura.

William Tackett def Jason Rau via Kimura

Nicky Ryan vs Tony Ramos

Nicky didn't hesitate to sit to butterfly guard and then enter into a single leg X-guard. He switched to outside ashi gurami and immediately applied a heel hook for the quick submission win.

Nicky Ryan def Tony Ramos via heel hook

Nathalie Ribeiro vs Luiza Monteiro

Nathalie sat directly to guard. Amid a pass, Luiza attempted an armbar and ended up on bottom with Nathalie coming up.

Nathalie looked patient from the top trying to find an angle through Luiza’s guard and clearing hooks away from her legs.

Luiza sat up to a front headlock and used Nathalie’s defense to stand up. Luiza sat back to guard, and as Nathalie went to pass, Luiza started to attack her leg. Nathalie countered with her own toe hold, and was able to clear out of the position.

After a moment, Nathalie sat back to guard. Luiza entered a knee cut position which appeared heavy, but Nathalie kept a strong reverse De La Riva. Luiza sat back to attack a foot, and Nathalie exploded up, nearly taking Luiza’s back and then nearly mounting.

As Luiza recovered, she snagged Nathalie’s leg, but Nathalie found room to escape her knee free.

Luiza attempted another attack on the leg, but the match went out of bounds and was reset standing.

Luiza pulled guard after a brief standing exchange. Nathalie established a headquarters passing position, but struggled to get free of Luiza’s grips and frames.

Luiza found a backdoor entry to establish 50-50 guard.

They struggled in the position before Nathale got the better of the position and chased a foot lock out of bounds.

They reset in the middle again with three minutes left and Luiza sat to guard, attacking a leg again, but finding even less purchase on Nathalie’s knee. Nathalie counted with a sort of Estima lock before they stood up again.

With a minute left, Nathalie shot in and Luiza attacked the leg again, but again Nathalie kept her knee outside the position and countered with an Estima lock. She turned it into an Aoki lock, and Luiza fell back for a heel hook before time expired.

Two of three judges voted in favor of Nathalie Ribeiro.

Nathalie Ribeiro def Luiza Monteiro via split decision

Paulo Miyao vs Geo Martinez

Paulo sat to guard. Geo entered with his hips back, attempting to pass with a leg pin before stepping deeper into the guard.

Miyao went to K-guard, and tried to force a crab ride; but Geo defended his back well and disengaged.

Geo came back to the top, and sat back in an attempt to enter a leg entanglement, but found none and retired to passing.

Paulo isolated a leg then stood up, rushing Geo to create a passing angle. Geo remained strong in his seated position for some time, but Paulo was eventually able to create enough pressure and enter a deeper passing position. In the exchange, Geo grabbed a headlock, forcing Paulo to escape. They returned to their feet, then Paulo opted to sit to guard.

Geo tried to pass from distance, then sat back on a straight ankle lock. Both competitors attempted a berimbolo style roll to crab ride, but neither was successful.

Paulo got on top into a knee cut position, cooking Geo there. Geo eventually got free and earned a sweep before sitting back into a leg lock position, where he controlled both ankles with over wraps.

Geo released his grips and came to the top with four minutes remaining. Paulo looked to turn on the pace from the bottom with back and leg entries, then came to the top, storming Geo with pace. Geo tried another leg entanglement, Paulo answered with a rolling back take attempt before the match ventured out of bounds.

With two minutes left, Geo took top position, entered a leg lock, and defended Paulo’s back take counter.

In his best passing attempt of the night, Geo found a short razor armlock, which Paulo defended. In a last ditch effort, Paulo tried a snap down, and Geo counted with a leg attack as time expired.

Geo Martinez def Paulo Miyao via split decision

Dante Leon vs Kody Steele

After a minute of feints and hand fighting, Dante took the first successful shot, a double leg which put Kody on his back. He tried to hold position in half guard before settling back to a headquarters position with a tall posture.

Dante found an angle to advance passed the guard and secured a guillotine grip. Kody defended it and established top position, but Dante was able to sit up on a single leg, setting Kody down.

From headquarters position, Dante had success setting up his passes, but not finishing them against Kody. Still, Dante appeared to dictate the pace.

Dante switched to a double-under pass, then a body lock before the action went out of bounds.

Kody removed his shirt, and the wardrobe change correlated with a change in Kody’s approach. He played a more seated game. But Dante kept the pressure on. He dove for a guillotine again,  then switched to a Darce; but Kody was able to sneak out.

Here, Dante started to capitalize on his momentum and secured his first complete pass of the fight.

The match scrambled out of bounds and Dante pulled guard on the return. Kody tried to backflip past Dante’s guard, but the move put him underneath Dante, who turned the pressure on again.

On another reset, Dante sat to guard again and wrestled back to the top. From there he secured another headlock, where he dropped his weight for a moment before Kody escaped.

With just more than a minute left, Dante snatched a fourth guillotine attempt, his deepest, and sold out on it. Kody found his way out, but seemed exhausted beneath Dante’s pressure, which persisted until the final second of the match.

Dante Leon def Kody Steele via unanimous decision

Elisabeth Clay vs Gabi Garcia

Lis sat to guard and pulled Garcia in, setting up a gogoplata. Gabi got out of the first attack, but Lis secured her guard again, high around Gabi’s shoulders. Gabi drove her pressure forward atop Lis. Clay’s coach, Samir Chantre alluded that they expected Gabi to make a specific mistake.

Gabi sprawled with a body lock pass within the closed guard, and Clay looked for a guillotine momentarily before climbing her guard up again.

Gabi separated the guard and got to half guard, clearly putting an immense amount of pressure on Lis, who eventually turtled and returned to her closed guard.

Gabi sprawled back, looking for a Sao Paulo pass once more and getting to Clay’s half guard again.

Clay created space and locked an initial Kimura grip. Gabi tried to jump over rush through Clay’s final line of defense, but Lis recomposed her guard.

With Gabi’s pressure forward, Lis threatened a triangle, then settled in butterfly guard with eight minutes remaining. Taking advantage of her larger wingspan, Gabi locked around Lis’s hips again, flipping Lis over and nearly finishing the pass before Lis composed half guard, and eventually closed guard.

With five minutes left, Gabi stood to pass for a moment, to the excitement of Clay’s corner. But Gabi settled back before sprawling back to pass.

Defending the pass, Lis turned to her knees and survived Gabi’s attacks before recomposing half guard.

Gabi tried to smash past the guard, and Lis collected the leg for an attack but could not secure it, and Gabi dropped her weight, pinning Lis’s toes to the mat to collect herself.

Lis returned to closed guard once again, hunting for a gogoplata attack. Gabi worked toward another Sao Paulo pass, and Lis found an omoplata. She had a severe angle on the arm, but with little time remaining, Garcia was able to survive.

All three judges awarded the win to Garcia.

Gabi Garcia def Elisabeth Clay via unanimous decision

Craig Jones vs Roberto Jimenez

Craig sat to guard and forced Z-guard, then dove to attack the far leg. Roberto countered with a rolling back take, escaping toward the edge of the mat. Craig returned to Z guard before Roberto created distance.

Crag used an arm drag to set up another leg entanglement. Roberto was able to escape the first iteration, but Craig secured a deeper position in the scramble. He settled in the inside sankaku, finishing the heel hook for the victory.

Craig Jones def Roberto Jimenez via heel hook

Main Event: Gordon Ryan vs Matheus Diniz

Gordon sat to guard. Matheus kept his hips far away, but exploded in for a body lock pass. Not finding the angle, he returned to distance, then back into a body lock position.

Gordon attempted a butterfly sweep, but Matheus kept his hips square. He kept physical, jumping on and over Gordon’s guard.

Matheus turned away momentarily, and Gordon followed him up, scoring on a double leg takedown. He progressed from a smash pass into deep half, then attacked a Kimura, looking for a back take but returning back underneath Matheus.

Matheus continued sudden, explosive movements, but Gordon kept his frames, eventually earning an under hook, but Matheus distanced himself when Gordon climbed to create a meaningful grip.

Gordon sat up with a collar tie and snapped Matheus down, securing a cradle to put Matheus on his back and then settling in a side smash.

As Matheus exploded to escape, Gordon slid into mount and rode through the instant bucking escape attempts.

Gordon stabilized patiently as Matheus alternated between waiting and popping his hips. As Matheus’s movement became less and less frequent, Gordon started to push Matheus’s arm across toward an arm triangle position.

Matheus's most significant escape attempt came after a reset. But as Matheus came close to escaping, Gordon almost took his back before settling back in mount.

Gordon got more aggressive in attacking for the arm triangle, but that allowed Matheus to get out, coming on top after six minutes beneath Gordon.

After a stalemate in butterfly guard, Matheus made an aggressive attempt to pass. Gordon collected his legs and held a heel hook position. He and Matheus stopped moving, understanding that the match was over. Matheus eventually conceded.

Gordon Ryan def Matheus Diniz via heel hook

Grappling Bulletin: You Shouldn't Be Mad About The IBJJF Heel Hook Rules

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Hello grappling fans, welcome to 2021. We can’t forget 2020 but we can move on as quickly as possible. I’m sure you feel the same in hoping that 2021 will be an easier ride and things return to some semblance of normal.

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Tackett, Marinho, Jonnatas Victorious at Fight to Win 160

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William Tackett beat John Combs in the main event of Fight to Win 160 tonight. In a no-gi match that went the distance, Tackett won via split decision.

Dates, Locations Announced For ADCC Trials In 2021

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If you want to compete at the 2022 ADCC World Championships then you need to know the dates for the ADCC Trials scheduled for 2021. Invites are extremely limited and highly exclusive, meaning it is nearly essential to enter a qualifying event to guarantee your place at the biennial ADCC World Championships.

The New IBJJF Rules For Heel Hooks And Leg Reaping in 2021

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The IBJJF has released its updated rules for 2021, which include rules legalizing the application of heel hooks and leg reaping techniques for some competitors.

FloSports Announces Partnership with Dollamur Sport Surfaces

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AUSTIN, TX  - January 12, 2021 - FloSports, the innovator in live sports streaming and original content, announced it has entered into a multi-year partnership with Dollamur Sport Surfaces to become the Official Mat of FloSports.

Can Tackett Avenge His Last Submission Loss vs John Combs?

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John Combs is one of very few black marks on William Tackett’s professional grappling record. Combs is the only person who has submitted Tackett in regulation since at least 2019.

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FloGrappling Awards: Results For Best Match, Submission, Grapplers Of 2020

2020 has come to a close, and the fans have voted for the best moments and athletes of the year. There are hundreds of competitors and thousands of grappling matches every year across an array of formats. Even to be nominated is a major achievement.

Gordon & Nicky Ryan, Tye Ruotolo Set Who's Number One Records In 2020

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In 2020, FloGrappling launched Who’s Number One, a series of superfights featuring the many of the best grapplers in the world. With the inaugural year of WNO now in the books, here are some of the athletes, trends, and noteworthy statistics from the mega event series in 2020.

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2020 FloGrappling Awards: Vote For The Best Athletes, Submission, Match

2020 has come to a close, which means it’s time to vote for the best moments and athletes of the year. The fifth annual FloGrappling Awards is open for voting from Jan. 1 through Jan. 8. There are hundreds of competitors and thousands of grappling matches every year across an array of formats. Even to be nominated is a major achievement.

Vote NOW for the 2020 Male Grappler of the Year | FloGrappling Awards

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To state the obvious, 2020 was an unusual year for competitive jiu-jitsu. Still, several competitors found ways to set themselves apart, and to impress us in ways few other athletes can.


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linear regression quotes

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It starts to get these patterns built into it somehow. I'm a creature of adaptation. . S = k + mT + nP . Fit a multivariate regression model to panel data using least squares, assuming different intercepts and slopes. Alice Miller It is possible to resolve childhood repression safely and without confusion - something that has always been disputed by the most respected schools of thought. Linear Regression is a way of simplifying a group of data into a single equation. Instructional Ideas . I thin many people's deviant behavior starts with dreams because dreams are so non-linear... as if there's an assumption that everything has to be linear or has to be plotted. Linear Regression Introduction. I think there will be 20 years of evolution from linear broadcast to internet television. Variablen, die die Funktion mathematisch definieren, werden oft als griechische Buchstaben darsgestellt. Technology is our friend today, but will be our enemy in the future.”, “Our evolution depends on our memory. Like how Cassie Kozyrkov quotes it: Neural networks may as well be called “yoga networks” — their special power is giving you a very flexible boundary. Here we can model the relationship between temperature, price, and sales in one single equation. Are you asking because of recent events? My nature is to be linear, and when I'm not, I feel really proud of myself. [...] Do you know why I called my first book Tropic of Cancer? God! Linear regression is a basic and commonly used type of predictive analysis. “Life is ten percent what you experience and ninety percent how you respond to it.”, “He acts like an animal, has an animal's habits! I was not out to paint beautiful pictures; even painting good pictures was not important to me. Our goal is to help you by delivering amazing quotes to bring inspiration, personal growth, love and happiness to your everyday life. You show me one step forward in the name of religion, and I'll show you a hundred retrogressions…I'm for decency—period. . Eine hilfreiche Einführung wird auch von der Pennsylvania State University angeboten. 2. How To Become Great Through Time Conversion: Are you wasting time, spending time or investing time. Multiple regression is just an extenssion of linear regression we saw earlier. Welcome back. Juni 2018 um 16:12. Alice Miller. Fit a linear regression model that contains a categorical predictor. Yet it should be very obvious that someone who was allowed to feel free and strong from childhood does not have the need to humiliate another person. Linear regression is one of the most common data analysis techniques to help you make sense of Big Data and enable more informed decision-making. If we keep forgetting the mistakes of the past, only to keep repeating them, then we will never change. These extra lines are formed by calculating 1 or 2 standard deviations of linear regression line. And in that time frame, humans will have lost their voice, their power, all freedoms, and all worth. Linear thinking typifies a highly developed industry. Load the sample data. As explained above, linear regression is useful for finding out a linear relationship between the target and one or more predictors. Es gibt aber noch eine Sache, die mir nicht so ganz klar ist. The indicator has two parameters. 2. Liberal soccer moms are precisely as likely to receive anthrax in the mail as to develop a capacity for linear thinking. 3. The overall idea of regression is to examine two things: (1) does a set of predictor variables do a good job in predicting an outcome (dependent) variable? This mathematical equation can be generalized as follows: Y = β1 + β2X + ϵ where, β1 is the intercept and β2 is the slope. This article is intended for someone who has basic understanding of Linear Regression; probably person has used some other tool like SAS or R for Linear Regression Analysis. His poker night! Mar 24, 2018 - Explore Elaine TheDataGal's board "Linear regression" on Pinterest. In statistics, there are two types of linear regression, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression. I do have a linear style, but other than that, there's a lot of abstract. Table V shows results of stepwise multiple linear regression analysis of outcome variables from the ventilated in Linear Regression Example¶. A data model explicitly describes a relationship between predictor and response variables. I just go off on what I'm thinking. Christ is revered as the Prince of Peace, but more blood has been shed in his name than any other figure in history. It’s simple, and it has survived for hundreds of years. 103 sentence examples: 1. Multivariate Regression for Panel Data with Different Slopes. Understanding linear regression. The height of the channel is based on the deviation of price to the median line. So life demands risks.”, “Myth is already enlightenment, and enlightenment reverts to mythology.”, “All we may expect of time is its reversibility. Wir suchen bei der Regression demnach eine Funktion , die unsere Punktwolke – mit der wir uns zutrauen, Vorhersagen über die abhängige Variable vornehmen zu können – möglichst gut beschreibt. Open Live Script. Bearing the raw meat home from the kill in the jungle! It is a fact that, as linear time and history have retreated, we have been left with the ephemerality of networks and fashion, which is unbearable. Speed and acceleration are merely the dream of making time reversible. I've always been fascinated by the operation of memory - the way in which it is not linear but fragmented, and its ambivalence. That is why these interviews never go well for me. For example, "largest * in the world". For instance, we all know Moore’s law: that the number of transistors on a computer chip doubles every two years. I'm not sure how that happens, but certainly you take a look at dinosaurs. y = m*x + c. where y is the estimated dependent variable, m is the regression coefficient, or what is commonly called the slope, x is the independent variable and c is a constant. Humanity will never move forward, spiritually or morally, to become superior beings.”, “Regression lives on, not because of the unavailability of a better option but because of the inertia and fear of change. By the same token, not everyone has what it takes to pay the price for indulging in it and maintaining it, relentlessly, under all circumstances.”, “Amokläufe, Kriege und destruktives Verhalten im Allgemeinen sind Folgeerscheinungen unbewußter Abwehrvorgänge, wenn verdrängte suizidale Tendenzen in Massenmord und Zerstörung umgesetzt und in ihnen manifest werden.”, “We are regressing from narrow mindedness to nano mindedness".”, “Technological progression can lead to or be a sign of cultural regression.”, Marieta Maglas- Eschatological Regression, Rise Up and Salute the Sun: The Writings of Suzy Kassem, The Conflict: How Modern Motherhood Undermines the Status of Women, Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments, 37 Seconds: Dying Revealed Heaven's Help--A Mother's Journey. 24 matching entries found. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. In addition, multiple linear regression can be used to study the relationship between several predictor variables and a response variable. The aim of linear regression is to model a continuous variable Y as a mathematical function of one or more X variable (s), so that we can use this regression model to predict the Y when only the X is known. If we required a certain amount of troops per 25,000 population in the Balkans, if the world is not radically different, something of the same extent is going to be needed in Iraq. 103 sentence examples: 1. Quote; First Post: Aug 9, 2007 2:08am Aug 9, 2007 2:08am ZInvestor | ... All lines in the linear regression channel to be adjustable to my settings 30pips 50pips 200pips etc... 2, the Median center line adjustable to off center to see if there is any balance above and below it. Wir arbeiten also in einer zwei-dimensionalen Welt. Night falls and the other apes gather! Let’s add 10 more customers age between 60 to 70, and train our linear regression model, finding the best fit line. ― Dorothy M. Neddermeyer. Upon visual inspection, some regression lines appear to fit the data better than others. But it will take a second. Such things as art - as poetry and music - such kinds of new light have come into the world since then! Linear regression was used for comparison with different variables. Life belongs to the future and I believe in creating History rather than visiting and revisiting the past.”, “The recession and regression of any society are always an indication of how poorly the citizens of that country understand the value of time.”. Custom and user added quotes with pictures. This makes the computation simple enough to perform on a handheld calculator, or simple software programs, and all will get the same solution. This quote from renowned data scientist Tom Redman gives us the best possible explanationof linear regression. My comedy breathes; it's not really that predictable. In statistics, linear regression is a linear approach to modelling the relationship between a scalar response and one or more explanatory variables (also known as dependent and independent variables). Dieser wird als Bias, selten auch als Default-Wert, bezeic… This example uses the only the first feature of the diabetes dataset, in order to illustrate a two-dimensional plot of this regression technique. Pingback: Lineare Regression und Anwendung in Python – Statis Quo Aleksandra 16. Alice Miller Regression to the stage of early infancy is not a suitable method in and of itself. Each of us can manifest the properties of a field of consciousness that transcends space, time, and linear causality. This gives us the multiple regression as follows: Here we will combine equations I . Welcome to the introduction to the Linear Regression section of the Machine Learning with Python. That we have got to make grow! Regression Quotes. Linear Regression channel contains two extra lines above and below the standard linear regression line. tags: anxiety , depressed , depression , esteem , hypnosis , panic , regression , self-confidence. Thousands and thousands of years have passed him right by, and there he is - Stanley Kowalski - survivor of the Stone Age! Put a word or phrase inside quotes. Yes, something - ape-like about him, like one of those pictures I've seen in - anthropological studies! 6. This is precisely what makes linear regression so popular. I take advantage of the second and the moment. I write hundreds of pages per book that never make it into print. Well, I suppose what you're doing is you're making the mistake as seeing time as linear. Don't - don't hang back with the brutes!”, “There are things about organized religion which I resent. Search for wildcards or unknown words Put a * in your word or phrase where you want to leave a placeholder. And cling to, and hold as our flag! Reorder the categories of the categorical predictor to control the reference level in the model. This article provides a basic introduction to linear regression analysis, as well as instructions on how to perform a so-called "simple" linear regression (i.e., the model uses a single independent variable to estimate the dependent variable) in Access, using first a purely native Jet SQL approach, and then using a Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) user defined function to simplify the … I'm not that topical. The simplest form of the regression equation with one dependent and one independent variable is defined by the formula . A linear regression channel consists of a median line with 2 parallel lines, above and below it, at the same distance. Linear regression is the simplest of these methods because it is a closed form function that can be solved algebraically. ist ein Ausdruck für die Varianz, die vom Modell nicht erklärt wird und normalerweise nur als "Fehler" … I'm quite well, thank you. Indicators of the bumper close planting tea orchard can be obtained from linear regression equation. Quotes tagged as "regression" Showing 1-23 of 23. Eats like one, moves like one, talks like one! It is time that we start to think, to feel, to see the universe in a way that is uncultivated, primitive - but this is also without doubt the most difficult thing in the world to do.”, “In today's world, honesty has unfortunately morphed into an extremely expensive hobby...and is no more a virtue that it once was. Pearson's subsequent work included further development of multiple regression as well as innovative progress on other statistics such as chi-square (Pearson 1938). Narrative is linear, but action has breadth and depth as well as height and is solid. Die lineare Regression verwendet die allgemeine lineare Gleichung wobei eine kontinuierliche abhängige Variable und unabhängige Variablen ist sind in der Regel kontinuierlicher (aber auch binär sein kann, beispielsweise wenn das lineare Modell in einem t- verwendet wird Test) oder andere diskrete Domänen. The plot shows that each regression line has a different intercept but the same slope. Doing linear scans over an associative array is like trying to club someone to death with a loaded Uzi. This law was derived by using regression a Showing search results for "Linear Regression" sorted by relevance. “Life is ten percent what you experience and ninety percent how you respond to it.”. In other words, to learn from the child, we must have empathy, and empathy grows as we learn. If 1 standard deviation is used then linear regression channel covers 68% of prices for a given period, while if 2 standard deviations are used then it covers 95% of prices. I like to talk about me and my experiences. 3. Linear Regression Channel indicator (LRC) plots a linear regression line and two other lines that are a specified standard deviation away. QUOTES. And you - you here - waiting for him! Maybe he'll strike you or maybe grunt and kiss you! As with simple linear regression and the correlation coefficient, Galton laid the imaginative groundwork that Pearson later developed into a rigorous mathematical treatment. See more ideas about linear regression, regression, high school math. Maybe we are a long way from beng made in God's image, but Stella - my sister - there has been some progress since then! Those lines can be seen as support and resistance. 2 Likes. But when lip service to some mysterious deity permits bestiality on Wednesday and absolution on Sunday—count me out.”, “Nature has established patterns originating in the return of events, but only for the most part. Here we will combine equations 1 and 2. Really, I'm incredibly disjointed and not candid. The data were analyzed by broad linear regression to carry the single factor and multifactorial analysis. All that remain are the rudiments of a supratemporal peripeteia—a few short sequences, a few whirling moments, like the ones physicists observe in certain particles.”, “I don't like regressing - I move beyond. Feb 29, 2016 - Explore Katrina Hall's board "LINEAR REGRESSION", followed by 433 people on Pinterest. There in the front of the cave, all grunting like him, and swilling and gnawing and hulking! I've never been convinced that experience is linear, circular, or even random. For example, camera $50..$100. In this dark march towards what-ever it is we're approaching . See more ideas about linear regression, regression, regression analysis. Inhaltsverzeichnis. Multiple regression: Linear. Linear regression is suitable for predicting output that is continuous value, such as predicting the price of a property. I wanted only to help the truth burst forth. It just is. Hey Alex, deine Erklärungen sind sehr hilfreich und ich bin sehr dankbar für deine Arbeit. Regression to the stage of early infancy is not a suitable method in and of itself. It is inevitable that machines will one day become the ultimate enemies of mankind. Die lineare Regression wird hier beispielhaft erläutert, sodass für eine theoretischere Einführung auf Kapitel 19 aus dem Buch Einführung in die Statistik: Analyse und Modellierung von Daten von Rainer Schlittgen sowie Wikipedia - Lineare Regression verwiesen wird. Both the linear and the logistic regression line. For example, a 20 period Linear Regression Indicator will equal the ending value of a Linear Regression line … The graph is a linear regression of. - you call it - this party of apes! Dabei ist der Zielwert (abhängige Variable) und der Eingabewert. Also the li machine learning concept which is used to build or train the models (mathematical structure or equation) for solving supervised learning problems related to predicting numerical (regression) or categorical (classification) value This means that there will be an exact solution for the regression parameters. New illnesses flood the human race, so that no matter how many experiments you have done on corpses, you have not thereby immposd a limit on the nature of events so that in the future they could not vary.”, “In another thirty to fifty years, the demand for cheap labor will have produced even more machines over the employment of actual humans. Such a regression can only be effective if it happens in the natural course of therapy and if the client is able to maintain adult consciousness at the same time. Alice Miller Learning is a result of listening, which in turn leads to even better listening and attentiveness to the other person. Its prediction output can be any real number, range from negative infinity to infinity. If you hang around long enough, you can find the linear path. Regression to the stage of early infancy is not a suitable method in and of itself. Then, use anova to test the significance of the categorical variable. So much of what we do as artists is a combination of personal experience and imagination, and how that all creeps into your work is not so linear. But it is possible that, in the days ahead, these years we have lived through may eventually be thought of simply as a period of disturbance and regression. The first parameter is the number of bars to use in the calculation, and the second parameter is the number of standard deviations to use to draw the channel above and below the Linear Regression Line. Linear and polynomial regression calculate the best-fit line for one or more XY datasets. That is, if kisses have been discovered yet! “Suppose you’re a sales manager trying to predict next month’s numbers. Such a regression can only be effective if it happens in the natural course of therapy and if the client is able to maintain adult consciousness at the same time. No, absolutely not, writing doesn't have to be like a jigsaw puzzle, it can be a very linear undertaking. For example, "tallest building". You hope that by speeding up time, it will start to whirl like a fluid. Somebody growls - some creature snatches at something - the fight is on! The regression line is a straight line. Well, let's assume the world is linear. The median line is calculated based on linear regression of the closing prices but the source can also be set to open, high or low. I try to put it in some kind of order to extract meaning from it, to bring meaning to it. The Linear Regression Indicator plots the ending value of a Linear Regression Line for a specified number of bars; showing, statistically, where the price is expected to be. Overview. Combine searches Put "OR" between each search query. In case user wants to know more about Linear Regression then please […] We are not evolving or progressing with our technology, only regressing. Such a regression can only be effective if it happens in the natural course of therapy and if th. Die Variable (Alpha) ist der -Achsenschnitt bei . There's even something -sub-human -something not quite to the stage of humanity yet! In some kinds of people some tendered feelings have had some little beginning! Alice Miller It is very difficult for people to believe the simple fact that every persecutor was once a victim. Linear regression is one of the most basic statistical models out there, its results can be interpreted by almost everyone, and it has been around since the 19th century. For example, marathon OR race. I am a very linear thinker, so I write beginning to end. “Basic misunderstandings about DID encountered in the therapeutic community include the following: “I don't want to progress, I want to regress. Problem #2: Sensitive to imbalance data . I'm for anything and everything that bodes love and consideration for my fellow man. Search within a range of numbers Put .. between two numbers. A known devil is NOT better than an unknown one because there is a fifty percent chance that unknown may not be a devil at all.”, “History fancies itself linear - but yields to a cyclical temptation.”, “The tyranny of maternal duty is not new, but it has become considerably more pronounced with the rise of naturalism, and it has thus far produced neither a matriarchy nor sexual equality, but rather a regression in women's status.”, “We stand the risk of regression, because you refused to take risks. Linear regression fits a data model that is linear in the model coefficients. The case of one explanatory variable is called simple linear regression; for more than one, the process is called multiple linear regression. Just in general, my thoughts tend to come out in little spurts that don't necessarily connect.

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