Legal Alerts

2020 Pennsylvania Labor & Employment Law Review

Philadelphia, Penn. (January 6, 2021) - With the conclusion of 2020, Pennsylvania employers should be aware of three significant employment law changes that took effect during the year.

1. Modifications to Pennsylvania Overtime Regulations

For the first time in more than four decades, the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry has modified the Commonwealth’s overtime regulations. These amendments, which became effective on October 3, 2020, raise the minimum salary threshold for overtime exemption. They also modify the definitions of executive, administrative, and professional employees to be more consistent with the Fair Labor Standards Act. Accordingly, employers should closely review these changes, which are described in detail below, and adjust their overtime policies and procedures as necessary.

I.  Salary Threshold

As a reminder, Pennsylvania employers are not required to pay overtime to an employee who works in a bona-fide executive, administrative, or professional capacity, provided the employee’s salary meets the minimum salary threshold. Recent revisions to the overtime regulations create a phased-in increase to the salary threshold as follows:

  • October 3, 2020 - $684.00 per week or $35,568.00 annually;
  • October 3, 2021 - $780.00 per week or $40,560 annually;
  • October 3, 2022 - $875.00 per week or $45,500 annually.

Notably, employers must keep in mind that the salary threshold is only one part of the analysis to determine if an employee may properly be classified as exempt from overtime pay requirements. In addition to meeting the salary threshold, an employee must also satisfy the “duties test” before the employee is properly classified as exempt. The duties test considers how employees actually spend their time at work, regardless of written job descriptions.

II. Duties Test

    A. Executive Capacity

        Employment in a bona-fide executive capacity means work by an individual:

  1. Whose primary duty is the management of the enterprise in which he or she is employed, or of a customarily recognized department or subdivision;
  2. Who customarily and regularly directs the work of two or more employees;
  3. Who has the authority to hire or fire employees, or whose suggestions or recommendations as to the hiring, firing, advancement, promotion, or other change of status of employees are given particular weight.

    B. Administrative Capacity

        Employment in a bona-fide administrative capacity means work by an individual:

  1. Whose primary duty is the performance of office or nonmanual work directly related to management or general business operations of the employer or the customers of the employer;
  2. Whose primary duty includes the exercise of discretion and independent judgment with respect to matters of significance.

    C. Professional Capacity

        Employment in a bona-fide professional capacity means work by an individual:

  1.  Whose primary duty is the performance of work requiring either of the following:

- Knowledge of an advanced type in a field of science or learning customarily acquired by a prolonged course of specialized instruction and study;
- Invention, imagination, originality, or talent in a recognized field or artistic or creative endeavor.

In light of the recent revisions to Pennsylvania’s Minimum Wage Act, employers should review not only employee pay, but also job descriptions and the actual work performed by employees notwithstanding their written job descriptions. By analyzing the actual work performed by employees, employers may ensure compliance with state and federal overtime laws.

2. Philadelphia Wage Equity Ordinance

The Philadelphia Wage Equity Ordinance, which was passed in an attempt to narrow the gender wage gap, is now in effect. The Philadelphia City Council determined that as a result of women receiving lower wages than men on average, an employer’s decision to base wages on an applicant’s wage at a previous job perpetuates the gender wage gap. As such, salary offers should be based on the responsibilities of the position and not on the applicant’s prior wages. As a result, it is an unlawful employment practice for an employer, employment agency, or an employee or agent to:

  2. Retaliate against a prospective employee for failing to comply with any wage history inquiry or for opposing an act made unlawful by the Wage Equity Ordinance; and
  3. Rely on the wage history of a prospective employee from any current or former employer of the individual in determining the individual’s wages at any stage in the employment process, including the negotiation or drafting of an employment contract, unless the applicant knowingly and willingly disclosed his or her wage history to the employer, employment agency, employee, or agent.

However, the prohibition against relying on wage history does not apply to actions taken by an employer pursuant to any federal, state, or local law that specifically authorizes the disclosure or verification of wage history for employment purposes.

An inquiry concerning wage history includes a written request or a request during an interview. Additionally, employers should be aware that the Ordinance defines “wages” to include all earnings of an employee, including fringe benefits, wage supplements, or other compensation, whether it is payable by the employer from the employer’s funds or from amounts withheld from the employee’s pay by the employer. As a result, employers should remove any questions concerning salary history as well as benefits information from employment applications and from any other forms used during the hiring process.

Employers should also train human resources personnel, recruiters, managers, and any other personnel who might be involved in the hiring process, on the requirements of the Wage Equity Ordinance.

3. Amendment of the Philadelphia Fair Practices Ordinance to Protect Characteristics Commonly Associated with Race, Including Hairstyles, from Discrimination

On November 10, 2020, Philadelphia Mayor Jim Kenney signed legislation amending the Philadelphia Fair Practices Ordinance to include discrimination based on characteristics commonly associated with race, including hairstyles, as discrimination on the basis of race. The ordinance defines “hairstyles” to include, among other things, hair texture and styles such braids, cornrows, locs, Bantu knots, Afros, and twists, regardless of whether hair extensions are used to create the style and regardless of whether the hair is adorned by hair ornaments, such as ribbon, headwraps, beads, or barrettes.

For more information on the laws referenced herein, contact the author or editor of this alert, or visit our Labor & Employment Practice page to find an attorney in your area.

John M. Borelli, Associate

Thalia S. Rofos, Partner

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Girls Winter Basketball

On any team, it is incredibly important to have close relationships with your teammates. For the Newport Harbor’s Girl’s Varsity basketball team, their closeness helped them achieve their goals. By being such a close team, the girls were able to celebrate their many victories and move on and learn from their losses. On and off the court, these girl’s friendship with each other impacted the program.

During season, the girls’ closeness with each other helped them acquire eight wins in league. They achieved this awesome feat through a combination of mad skill, speed, and communication. As well as all this, forming solid friendships with each other helps keep the energy and excitement up during a game, and positive thinking can make a difference in the resulting score. Sophomore Hannah Hiromoto says, “being friends with everyone helps because you can always be there for each other.” Supporting each other throughout the season helped them play better on the court because knowing that your teammate has your back allows you to focus in the moment in the game that matters.
For the second year, the girls’ varsity team has been able so have an athletic set of sisters, sophomore Alexia and senior Angelina Alvarez, whose bond as siblings helps the team on the court. “The whole team has a good connection,” says Hiromoto, but “it’s the bond that they already have as sisters that makes it even better.” For many people, being on a team is like being a part of a second family, but for these sisters, playing together is just another opportunity to bond with each other while playing the sport that they love. At the senior night game on February 6th, Alexia Alvarez had an open court and the perfect opportunity for a layup, however she passed the ball back to her sister who was running up behind her so she had the opportunity to make the shot in one of her last games at Harbor. In the end, the girls won that game against Fountain Valley 40-34 because of their teamwork!
The team’s wins are examples of how although there is a pair of sisters on the team, every player is family with each other, and they want to help each other enjoy the game while getting better. As a team, but equally importantly as friends, the girls grew close together and had a fun season and the non-seniors can’t wait for next year.
Written By: Delaney Knipp


Hot Student Stories

What caused conflict among some members of the Republican party?

Timothy Norman

in Social studies

1 answer

1 answer

Ramon Kelly on September 20, 2018

The issue of slavery was a huge underlying problem to the formation of the Republican party.May 20, 1854, a group of politically-minded former Whigs met in Ripon , Wisconsin, to discuss the possibility of forming a new political party that will focus on the prevention of the spread of slavery in the Western territories. The idea took off, and on the 6th of June, 1854, more than 10,000 people gathered in Jackson, Michigan to establish the new party and therefore the Republican party was born.

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Playing the devil’s advocate

Rowan County, Kentucky clerk Kim Davis, has become the poster child for the growing cultural divide in this country. Sentenced to jail time for not issuing paperwork for same-sex marriage applications, Davis has been vilified by her opponents and championed by her supporters.

Earlier this summer, the US Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in the Obergefell v. Hodges case, that same-sex marriages must be allowed by all states. Chief Justice John Roberts dissented and predicted that conflicts in “religious liberty” would follow.

Much discussion goes on about the ability of the courts to “legislate from the bench,” creating laws. It may sound like parsing words, but interpreting a law can be a matter of changing it. The ruling in favor of same-sex marriages was in part based on an interpretation of the 14th Amendment. Those who like the outcome of a court decision don’t consider it legislation, those that disagree, tend to see it as law-making, a power the courts are not suppose to have.


Think Globally, Practice Locally: A Community Outreach Strategy

community outreach In September, TPC presented a session at the IAP2 Annual conference in Montreal to explore key issues facing the future of public participation. When everyone is connected to everyone else and opinions can be posted to the world from your phone, does anyone really care about coming together to talk about issues anymore? Do those in power really have any interest in sharing their power? Does the public truly think that they have any true voice in governance? How has the polarization of society and the deterioration of political behavior changed how we work together as communities? We sought to understand these questions from the perspective of the government agencies and consultants who conduct public participation through community outreach in a short survey looking at how the practice has changed over the past decade.

In all, we heard from 233 of our peers and we found the results more heartening than we expected. While a modest number of people, our respondents were widely representative of the agencies that engage the public, with even distribution among federal, state, and local agencies.

Rather than describing a diminished role and importance of public participation in the face of many social, political, and technological shifts, respondents noted that agencies who used public participation in the past, continue to work hard to use and promote public input in the important work of governing. While we are not blind to the challenges, this also aligns with our own community outreach experience at The Participation Company.

98.5 % of respondents to our poll agreed that public input should play an important role in decision-making and 90% say that the input they receive from the public improves their decision-making. Additionally, 75% of the respondents believed that there is more participation going on today than a decade ago, 65% said the quality of participation has improved, and 79% said that agencies are more inclined to engage citizens than before.

This does not mean that all is well; folks also noted the increase in social media trolling and political lobbying, and a decrease in civility. In fact, 79% cited polarization and public anger and 76% cited political interference as key obstacles to good participation.

So what does it all mean? We think the most important takeaway is that even when the world seems to be a place where nobody can agree or get along, the basic power of participation is still available to us and perhaps more important than ever. When we engage people during community outreach endeavors in good process, provide them with good information, and treat them with respect, we can still make meaningful, sustainable, and implementable decisions for our communities.

Author: Doug Sarno


Does An LLC End When The Owner Dies?

What happens when business owner dies?

If the business is a sole proprietorship, it will terminate upon the owner’s death and its assets will become part of the owner’s estate.

If the business is a corporation, limited liability company, or other business entity, it will continue to exist and will maintain ownership of all business assets..

Can a partnership continue after death?

Most legislation states that the partnership will end upon the death or bankruptcy of any partner. If your partner dies, you will then owe your partner’s estate their share of the partnership that accrues at the date of their death.

Is a trust better than an LLC?

The answer is that the LLC is designed to protect your personal assets from lawsuits, while the Living Trust preserves your estate from probate costs and inheritance taxes when you die, and prevents court control of your assets if you become incapacitated.

Should rental property be in an LLC or trust?

Your rental property should be owned in an LLC. Rental properties generate income and wealth but they can also create liabilities. … An LLC owned by one person or a married couple isn’t too difficult to manage and generally doesn’t require a separate LLC tax return.

How do I form a family LLC?

A family LLC is formed by one family member who serves as the managing member. The family LLC’s operating agreement defines and restricts rights related to ownership, functional decision making, and transfer of assets.

Can an LLC have beneficiaries?

Naming in a Will If an LLC operating agreement does not allow you to transfer your ownership interest, an alternative option is to name a beneficiary in your will. The remaining LLC members will have the option of buying that interest if the beneficiary wants to sell it.

How do you transfer a company after death?

The successor or legal heir has to first submit the death certificate of the sole proprietor and the succession certificate to the jurisdictional proper officer as documentary evidence. The proper officer will then add the successor as the authorised signatory for the deceased sole proprietor.

Can you inherit a sole proprietorship?

The law says a sole proprietorship does not survive you. This means the company cannot keep operating under its original name, and the company cannot be inherited.

Can my LLC buy my house?

Per the laws of most states, an LLC ownership interest is considered property of the owner. Like most other property of its owner, it can be seized to pay off creditors. … So, in short, if you own your LLC and your LLC owns your home, your creditor might simply take your LLC to get at your home.

Can I add a beneficiary to my business account?

A legal way to get business funds to your beneficiary quickly is to deposit them in a payable-on-death account. Being a sole proprietor doesn’t affect the POD option, as the money is still your personal cash. Fill out a form at your bank naming your account beneficiary.

What is a family LLC estate planning?

A limited liability company (LLC) can be a useful legal structure through which to pass assets down to your loved ones while avoiding or minimizing estate and gift taxes. A family LLC allows your heirs to become shareholders who can then benefit from the assets held by the LLC, while you retain management control.

Can you inherit an LLC?

Under the RULLCA, a member of an LLC can transfer an interest toanother. One way to do this is by bequeathing it after death. What can be transferred is limited. A member can only transfer his financial interests in the business or the ability to claim any distributions from the business.

How can an LLC pay less taxes?

The IRS treats one-member LLCs as sole proprietorships for tax purposes. This means that the LLC itself does not pay taxes and does not have to file a return with the IRS. As the sole owner of your LLC, you must report all profits (or losses) of the LLC on Schedule C and submit it with your 1040 tax return.

What happens to an LLC when the owner dies?

What happens to a Single Member LLC, once the member of the LLC dies? An LLC can survive beyond the death of its owner. … Even if the LLC is not mentioned in the will, the next of kin will automatically inherit the deceased’s member ownership interest unless the operating agreement prohibits it.

Does an LLC go through probate?

Limited Liability Company (LLC) The LLC is a business organization that can own property and assets. Using a Trust or Family Limited Partnership, shares of the LLC can be owned and transferred without Probate Court involvement. … When properly organized, the LLC can be structured to avoid Probate Proceedings.

Can an LLC change owners?

Members of an LLC may change the LLC’s ownership and the terms governing its management and operation by amending its operating agreement. … Once LLC members amend the operating agreement and the new ownership and management terms are reflected in it, there are some necessary follow-up actions.

Does having an LLC help with taxes?

Should my spouse be a member of my LLC?


COVID-19 Neighborhood Profiles

Although COVID-19 is an issue affecting people around the United States and the globe, its impact differs widely across local communities and neighborhoods. Air quality, population density, and access to resources like hospitals and testing centers are just a few of the factors that impact the severity of cases and deaths in a community. Additionally, the pandemic has had wide reaching impacts on important factors outside of health like employment, housing, food access, and education.
These neighborhood profiles highlight the intersections of COVID-19 and other social and economic indicators in specific neighborhoods throughout Los Angeles County. They are a feature of the NDSC COVID-19 Dashboard

East Los Angeles & the Digital Divide

As schools closed under the “Safer at Home” order in the Spring of 2020, students were forced to resume their schooling remotely online. However, computer and/or internet access differs widely across communities in LA County.
East Los Angeles is an unincorporated neighborhood in the Eastside region of Los Angeles County. As of June 31, 2020 East LA had the third highest cases of COVID-19 (2507) and 7th highest deaths (59) in the LA County.  Although over 26% of East LA's total population (117,348) is under the age of 18, over 22% of households in the neighborhood have no access to a computer – more than double the county average of 10%. Similarly, 36% of households in East LA do not have access to internet in their homes compared to the county average of 18%. The challenges presented by lack of internet and computer access for East LA families during COVID school closures are likely further complicated by the fact that nearly 25% of the households in the neighborhood have limited English proficiency.
The chart to the right shows computer/internet access and English proficiency for East LA and LA County. Select your neighborhood from the menu to add it to the chart.
The impact of school closures on student proficiency and educational attainment is yet to be determined. However, amid uncertainty as to when schools will reopen, school districts must address the digital divide in certain communities in order to ensure continued, quality education for vulnerable students who may face challenges to learning at home.

Food Services Jobs in Pico-Union

According to a recent Pew Research report, workers in industries including restaurants and bars, hotels, and retail trade services are at a higher risk of virus-related layoffs due to countywide closures of many businesses. This is exasperated by the fact that Los Angeles is home to 26% of the state’s accommodation and food service jobs and 8.3% of all hospitality jobs. Young workers make up 24% of employment in these industries nationwide and will therefore be disproportionately affected by COVID-19 layoffs.  A recent spike in COVID-19 cases and deaths in LA County has halted reopening plans and have put an additional economic strain on already struggling businesses.
Pico-Union is a neighborhood in the City of Los Angeles. As of July 27th, Pico-Union ranked in the top 10 neighborhoods for total deaths due to COVID-19, with a death rate of 185 per 100,000 persons. Additionally, while only 6% of LA County’s workforce is employed in the accommodation and food services industry, 17% of Pico-Union’s employed population works in this industry. Further, over 10% of Pico Union’s population are between the ages of 18 and 24. Prior to the onset of the pandemic and subsequent economic crisis, Pico-Union had a higher rate of unemployment (8.5%) compared to the rest of the county (6.8%). Given the uncertainty surrounding the reopening of the county, it is likely that residents of Pico-Union will suffer a disproportionate economic impact due to the prevalence of accommodation and food service jobs in the neighborhood.
Hover over the circles on the chart below to see the percent of workers employed in the accommodation & food services industry, the percent of the population that is ages 18 to 24, and the unemployment rate in a specific neighborhood.

Young workers likely to be hard hit as COVID-19 strikes a blow to restaurants and other service sector jobs. Pew Research CenterLink

COVID-19 cuts deep into LA jobs: Hospitality, entertainment sectors drive unemployment results. Los Angeles Business JournalLink

Westlake & Housing Vulnerability

Many of Los Angeles’ majority renter population were feeling the pressure of the region’s housing crisis, which has been fueled by rising rents and stagnant wages, well before the pandemic. However, the economic and health fallout from the pandemic and subsequent shutdown are expected to put additional pressure on many of the county’s renters.
As of July 23, 2020, Westlake, a neighborhood just west of Downtown LA, had the highest COVID-19 cases (2,865) and the highest COVID-19 related deaths (143) of any neighborhood in the City of Los Angeles. Westlake also has some of the most cramped living conditions in the country. 38% of households are considered to be living in overcrowded housing, with more than one person per one room, compared to an average of 11% across the county. Overcrowded housing has been found to correlate with higher infections rates per capita and can put residents at greater risk of contracting the virus. Additionally, overcrowding is a result of the city’s housing crisis that has more and more families doubling up, living with relatives etc. Over 95% of households in Westlake rent (rather than own) their housing, and 59% of renters in the neighborhood are considered to be rent-burdened, meaning that they pay more than a third of their income on rent.
The map to the left shows overcrowding rates in Westlake and 9 other neighborhoods experiencing some of the highest COVID-19 case rates. Select your neighborhood from the menu to add it to the map.
59% of the population in Westlake are immigrants, 73% of which are non-citizens, meaning that many of these residents have been left out of unemployment benefits and COVID-related relief programs. The economic impacts of COVID-19 may place many residents of the neighborhood in imminent danger of eviction once certain protections such as the County’s moratorium on evictions, which has been extended through September, are lifted.
COVID-19 Cases in New York City, a Neighborhood-Level Analysis. NYU Furman Center. Link.


@article{Dr. Manoj C. Shastri_2011, title={The Impact of Yoga on Anxiety of Secondary School Students}, volume={1}, url={https://www.bricsjer.com/index.php/brics/article/view/17}, abstractNote={
The present study was conducted with the objective of studying & investigating the Impact of Yoga on Anxiety of Secondary School Students. Anxiety is a source of stress among adolescents and yogic practices helps to reduce academic anxiety. So, the investigator focused on the present study exploring the effect of yogic practices on anxiety of secondary school children. The study would not only add to the body of knowledge related to importance of yoga, but also provide a great help to psychologists, educationists, principals, parents and counselors for effective handling of the adolescents. The investigator has discussed in depth about the analysis and interpretation of the collected data during pre-test and post-test in the present study.
}, number={2}, journal={BRICS JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH}, author={Dr. Manoj C. Shastri}, year={2011}, month={Apr.}, pages={119-126} }


Adventures in Film: Nostos, Little Grasses, Checkmate

Tasha Chu, Anjali Mehra, Monique Jonas
New Adventures / Tea Films

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Adventures in Film choreographers

In a year that has starved emerging artists of oxygen to air new work, it’s heartening to experience Matthew Bourne’s Adventures in Film series as a response to the pandemic, even if creative results are still experimental in terms of using digital film as narrative dance art.

The dance theatre company was quick off the mark to respond to theatre closures by releasing three short films from three female choreographers who use inventive movement patterns enhanced by film techniques to impart stories that may otherwise not have seen the light of day.

Nostos, the first to be aired consecutively over three weeks, is a seven-minute short featuring a couple exploring conflict and it’s aftermath. Choreographed by Tashu Chu, the piece investigates a relationship between a female army recruit and her partner that appears to be falling apart at the seams.

Backed by a rousing score from Chelsea McGough, the couple are transported to a warehouse where dancers Seren Williams and Mark Samaras perform solo pieces that wind and weave in and out of duets and around war-battered architecture supporting their conflict. Williams draws on contemporary dance while Samaras is more balletic, framed and set beautifully against the mysterious odd building playing on light and dark, windows, shadows and space.

It’s a strange film, but oddly compelling as movement compassionately communicates grief, love and loss, wrapped around a decaying relationship, even if it’s sometimes unclear where the narrative flow is leading the viewer.

Anjali Mehra’s Little Grasses Crack Through Stone, available from November 27, draws inspiration from a Sylvia Plath radio play. The eight-minute film shifts between black and white film-noiresque mystery to bursts of colour, memorably red, exploring themes of pregnancy, reproduction and miscarriage. Three dancers—Charlie Broom, Cordelia Braithwaite and Estela Merlos—lie on the floor with heads drawn close together. Viewers look down upon the trio from an arial view, as they create circular gestures with arms and hands forming a human kaleidoscope.

The camera pans close up to the dancers’ hands, faces, introducing rubbing gestures and lots of gesticulating as metaphors for distress that eventually move down the body to focus on the stomach. Stomachs are a feature of all choreographic intention throughout the rest of the film.

Then there are surreal set-ups from fully clad bath shots to beautiful white rooms overlooking picture windows with swaying trees, while two masked dancers sit in the corner watching a baby being rocked. Such rich visual language makes it hard at times to focus on the purity and beauty of movement-making, detracting from, rather than enhancing, the choreography.

The final dance film, Checkmate, to be released on December 4, is choreographed by Monique Jonas and entitled "Two paths… one truth one man’s journey into the shadows" and features a dancer chased down by a headless, black-clad figure, resembling a still from Return of the Living Dead.

Jonas’s work is set in a nebulous industrial space with the paint peeling and an air of foreboding rippling through the empty corridors of the mirrored spaces. Dancers Rhys Dennis and Ihsaan De Banya perform convincingly, twisting, writhing and gyrating through complex movement sequences. Jonas creates the impression of limbs contorting, contracting and controlled by a greater force. Perhaps the headless chess piece that drags around shrouded in black tormenting the other is a step too far in terms of creating a believable cinematic scenario, but as dance theatre, it’s beautiful and spooky to watch the body’s capability of metamorphosis.

Reviewer: Rachel Nouchi


Combine Chiropractic and Medical Care to Treat Whiplash

May 2, 2020

When you have whiplash, it’s imperative that you start treating your symptoms with medical and chiropractic care in Naples, FL. The faster you start addressing the injury, the more likely it is that you’ll be able to reduce long-term effects. Even if you feel fine after a car accident or other high-velocity impact, your spine and muscles might not show symptoms until days or weeks later. Don’t risk subjecting yourself to a lifetime of neck pain—seek help immediately.

Long term effects of whiplash

Whiplash occurs when the head and neck are thrown forward, back and then forward again at a high speed. This causes your muscles to enter forward flexion, hyperextension and finally hyperflexion, which strains the spine and causes it to form an “S” shape. Whiplash is often caused by car accidents, but any impact while your body stays in one place as your head and neck are violently thrown forward can have the same effect.

Whiplash symptoms commonly develop hours or days after an accident, but in some cases, they may not be evident for weeks, months or even years. If you fail to address the symptoms, you could be in for a long, painful road to rehabilitation—since the muscles in our necks and spines move so frequently, any damage can cause lasting and often excruciating pain. You’re likely to experience neck and shoulder pain, stiffness, jaw pain, fatigue and headaches.

Combining medical and chiropractic care

Seeking chiropractic and medical treatment for your injuries is the best way to prevent further damage. Your medical doctor may prescribe ice, painkillers and a cervical collar to help keep your neck and spine in place while your injuries heal. In rare cases, surgery may be needed.

Chiropractors offer complementary, holistic treatments, including manual adjustments, massage, exercises and lifestyle change recommendations to help ensure the best treatment possible. Spinal adjustments help encourage the muscles to return to their normal positions, which decreases pressure on the nerves and prevents them from getting used to a strained or otherwise improper position. In turn, the ligaments and tendons will follow suit, relieving strain. Your chiropractor will work with you to examine your injuries and address the root cause, which should reduce your whiplash symptoms. Overall, treatment can take between a few days and a few months, depending on the severity of your injuries and how long they were left untreated.

If left untreated, whiplash injuries can significantly worsen. You may experience chronic pain, inflammation, insomnia, fatigue, stress and anxiety as a direct result of your injuries. Some patients may experience joint damage for the first time, or notice that existing damage has worsened.

Whenever you’re in an accident, it’s wise to seek both traditional medical and chiropractic care immediately. Are you interested in finding out how medical and chiropractic care can treat whiplash in Naples, FL? Hiler Chiropractic & Neurology can help. Reach out to us today to schedule an appointment for your whiplash symptoms, no matter how long it’s been since the accident.

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Hiler Chiropractic & Neurology


Maximum efforts to reduce IND backlog will continue this year

As of 31 December 2020, the task force had closed around 8,200 requests for asylum from the accumulated work of the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND). This according to a letter from Minister for Migration Broekers-Knol, which was presented to the House of Representatives on Thursday. In the coming months, the task force will need to process some 7,000 remaining applications. The task force was established last March for the purpose of helping the IND work through its backlog of over 15,000 applications. In 2021, like last year, IND and the task force will make every effort to eliminate the IND backlog and to render a decision on asylum applications within the statutory term.

Minister for Migration Broekers-Knol:

“The goal was to provide every applicant with a clear answer before the end of 2020. While we have succeeded in part, there are unfortunately still many people who are awaiting clarity. We are doing everything in our power to notify those people of a decision as quickly as possible, so that they can get on with their lives.”

Progress and new applications for asylum

The task force was created in order to complete the processing of asylum applications submitted prior to 1 April 2020 as quickly as possible, while paying due regard to the criteria of diligence and care, security and feasibility. An update on the task force's progress is published on the IND website each month.

In the period between 1 April and 31 December 2020, the IND received 9,200 new asylum applications and 1,170 repeat applications. The IND's goal is to process new applications for asylum as quickly and carefully as possible within the statutory term. To date, a decision has been rendered on forty-five per cent of those applications. In twenty cases, that decision was taken outside the statutory term because the file was connected to applications from the task force backlog. This pertains, for example, to applications for newborn babies whose parents had previously submitted applications for asylum which are being processed by the task force.


What is the classification of garden tools?

Garden tools are actually quite general, and they are m […]

Garden tools are actually quite general, and they are mainly divided into two categories. Next, the editor will briefly introduce the types of garden tools. Let’s take a look:
1. Gardening tools include garden scissors, flower tools (garden flower tools, small flower sets), etc.
The main products of garden shears include high branch shears, hedge shears (hedge shears), pruning shears (pruning shears, pruning shears), multi-purpose shears, fruit picking shears, flower shears, grass shears, etc.; garden set of flower tools (garden Flower tools, small sets of flower tools) including flower shovel, flower shovel, flower rake, flower hoe, flower fork, etc., specifically there are two hoe (two flower hoe), flat hoe, flat rake, three-tooth flower hoe, three-tooth flower Rake, hoe rake, hoe pick, large flower shovel, small flower shovel, three-shaped flower shovel, flat flower fork, six-tooth flower rakes, etc.
2. Garden machinery mainly includes: lawn trimmers, brush cutters, hedge trimmers, chainsaws, water pumps, punchers, drafting machines, sprayers and various garden tools.
With the development of urban construction in China over the past few years, urban greening has formed a large industry, and daily maintenance depends on these tools. Most of the garden tools powered by gasoline engines, such as lawn mowers, pruning shears, lawn mowers, trimmers, brush cutters, etc., are commonly seen daily. Household tools are not common in the domestic market. Although most of them are produced in China, they are basically sold to the European and American markets.
The above is the relevant knowledge introduction we have compiled for you. If you want to know more, please contact us in time. We take the customer as the center, focus on product quality, provide you with high-quality products, continue to introduce new products, expand a wider range, strive for perfection, and develop together to open up the future!


Turning away from Afghanistan will have “catastrophic consequences”, warns the UN refugee chief

The international community must continue to help Afghanistan or face the risk of “catastrophic consequences”, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi called ahead of a donors’ conference starting on Monday.

Grandi also appeals after his visit to the Asian nation struggling with growing violence, an American challenge and the flagging of peace talks.

Grandi said the future of millions of Afghans depends on the outcome of the peace talks and on the international community’s commitment to developing the country, including at the two-day donors’ conference in Geneva.

“Failure on either side would cause Afghanistan to slide backwards with catastrophic consequences, including possible further large-scale relocation,” Grandi warned in a statement.

He said the nearly 300,000 Afghans displaced within the country this year due to conflict are still in “urgent need” of humanitarian aid.

The same applies to the almost three million previously displaced and the nine million people who have lost their livelihoods due to the Covid-19 crisis.

Grandi also said it was urgent to conclude peace talks between the Afghan government and the Taliban, who are fighting to overthrow it and regain the power they lost during the US-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001.

The peace talks are flagged and a withdrawal of some of the US forces announced by the Trump administration this week further weakens the Kabul government.


1/56 Panther Ausf G

Regular price $42.00

Tax included.

Panther (designated as Sd.Kfz. 171) is the common name of a medium tank deployed by Nazi Germany in World War II from mid-1943 to the end of the European war in 1945.  It was intended as a counter to the Soviet T-34, and as a replacement for the Panzer III and Panzer IV.  While never replacing the latter, it served alongside it and the heavier Tiger tanks until the end of the war.  The Panther’s excellent combination of firepower, mobility, and protection served as a benchmark for other nations’ late war and post-war tank designs, and it is regarded as one of the best tanks of World War II.

The Panther tank was a compromise of various requirements.  While having essentially the same engine as the Tiger I tank, it had better frontal armor (including the benefit of a sloped armor, increasing effective armor depth), better gun penetration, was lighter and thus faster, and could traverse rough terrain better than the Tigers.  The tradeoff was weaker side armor.  The Panther proved to be deadly in open country and long range engagements, but vulnerable in close-quarters combat.  Over 6,000 Panther tanks were produced between January 1943 and April 1945.

This model kit depicts the late version of the Panther tank.  About 3,000 were produced between March 1944 and April 1945.  With this kit, you can assemble a Panther Ausf G with optional air cooler and rear exhaust choices, with or without side armour.

Product Code: 280015
Number of Parts: 53 pieces / 3 sprues


Earth-Sized, Habitable Zone Planet Found Hidden in Early NASA Kepler Data

Comparison of Earth and Kepler-1649c

A comparison of Earth and Kepler-1649c, an exoplanet only 1.06 times Earth’s radius. Credit: NASA/Ames Research Center/Daniel Rutter.

A team of transatlantic scientists, using reanalyzed data from NASA’s Kepler space telescope, has discovered an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting in its star’s habitable zone, the area around a star where a rocky planet could support liquid water.

Scientists discovered this planet, called Kepler-1649c, when looking through old observations from Kepler, which the agency retired in 2018. While previous searches with a computer algorithm misidentified it, researchers reviewing Kepler data took a second look at the signature and recognized it as a planet. Out of all the exoplanets found by Kepler, this distant world — located 300 light-years from Earth — is most similar to Earth in size and estimated temperature.

This newly revealed world is only 1.06 times larger than our own planet. Also, the amount of starlight it receives from its host star is 75% of the amount of light Earth receives from our Sun — meaning the exoplanet’s temperature may be similar to our planet’s as well. But unlike Earth, it orbits a red dwarf. Although none has been observed in this system, this type of star is known for stellar flare-ups that may make a planet’s environment challenging for any potential life.

“Out of all the mislabeled planets we’ve recovered, this one’s particularly exciting — not just because it’s in the habitable zone and Earth-size, but because of how it might interact with this neighboring planet,” said Andrew Vanderburg, a researcher at the University of Texas at Austin and first author on the paper released in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. “If we hadn’t looked over the algorithm’s work by hand, we would have missed it.”

Previously, scientists on the Kepler mission developed an algorithm called Robovetter to help sort through the massive amounts of data produced by the Kepler spacecraft. Kepler searched for planets using the transit method, staring at stars, and looking for dips in brightness as planets passed in front of their host stars.

Most of the time, those dips come from phenomena other than planets — ranging from natural changes in a star’s brightness to other cosmic objects passing by — making it look like a planet is there when it’s not. Robovetter’s job was to distinguish the 12% of dips that were real planets. Those signatures Robovetter determined to be from other sources were labeled “false positives,” the term for a test result mistakenly classified as positive.

With an enormous number of tricky signals, astronomers knew the algorithm would make mistakes and would need to be double-checked — a perfect job for the Kepler False Positive Working Group. That team reviews Robovetter’s work, going through all false positives to ensure they are truly errors and not exoplanets, ensuring fewer potential discoveries are overlooked. As it turns out, Robovetter had mislabeled Kepler-1649c.

Even as scientists work to further automate analysis processes to get the most science as possible out of any given dataset, this discovery shows the value of double-checking automated work. Even six years after Kepler stopped collecting data from the original Kepler field — a patch of sky it stared at from 2009 to 2013, before going on to study many more regions — this rigorous analysis uncovered one of the most unique Earth analogs yet discovered.

Nearly perfect period ratios are often caused by a phenomenon called orbital resonance, but a nine to four ratio (9:4) is relatively unique among planetary systems. Usually resonances take the form of ratios such as 2:1 or 3:2. Although unconfirmed, the rarity of this ratio could hint at the presence of a middle planet with which both the inner and outer planets revolve in synchronicity, creating a pair of 3:2 resonances.

Either way, this system provides yet another example of an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone of a red dwarf star. These small and dim stars require planets to orbit extremely close to be within that zone — not too warm and not too cold — for life as we know it to potentially exist. Although this single example is only one among many, there is increasing evidence that such planets are common around red dwarfs.

For more information about Kepler and its discoveries, visit


Interacting with Environments

Experiential Graphic Design

Experiential Graphic Design (EGD) is the marriage of graphic design, architecture, and interior design which combines typography, color, and form. It plays a critical role in how we experience, understand, navigate, and interact with our environment.

The purpose of EGD is to provide something unique and meaningful to the user, whether it’s creating an experience, celebrating a brand, communicating information, or providing instruction on how to navigate the space.

Read more…


Geopolitics Trumps the Markets

America led a 30-year hiatus from history. It was nice while it lasted, but it’s over.

That crashing sound you heard in world markets last week wasn’t just a correction. It was the sound of the end of an age.

During the long era of relatively stable international relations that succeeded the Cold War, markets enjoyed an environment uniquely conducive to economic growth.

.. The results were extraordinary. Between 1990 and 2017, world-wide gross domestic product rose from $23.4 trillion to $80.1 trillion, the value of world trade grew even faster, more than a billion people escaped poverty, and infant-mortality rates decreased by more than 50%. The number of people with telephone service grew roughly 10-fold.

This hiatus from history was, by most measures of human flourishing, a glorious era. Now it has come to an end, or at least a pause, and the world is beginning to see what that means.

.. the basic elements of economic globalization appeared firmly in place.

  • Russia, the most obvious challenger to the geopolitical order, was an insignificant and diminishing player economically.
  • And China, notwithstanding its rapid economic growth and its anxiety about American military power, was unlikely to challenge the economic basis of its own success. Geopolitics might have been back, but that wasn’t an issue for markets.

That complacency was misplaced. The return of geopolitics means the basic framework for economic policy has changed. In periods of great-power rivalry, national leaders must often put geopolitical goals ahead of economic ones. Bismarck’s Germany could have saved money buying armaments from Britain, but building a domestic arms industry was worth the cost. If the U.S. is in a serious strategic competition with China, an American president might well be willing to sacrifice some economic growth to banish China from important supply chains.

,, by invoking “national security,” the Trump administration has found a legal basis, with roots in the Cold War and even earlier, to assert sweeping powers over the nation’s commerce. It has upended a generation of U.S. trade policy in a dramatically short period of time.

.. The new era of geopolitics is unlikely to be an era of small government.

.. The Trump administration is

  • reversing some of the regulatory excesses of the Obama era, and
  • the president’s judicial appointees are prepared to rein in the administrative state.

.. A recalibration of the U.S.-China relationship was likely inevitable as the world’s oldest civilization became an economic superpower.

Hillary Clinton, who as secretary of state clashed with Mr. Obama over the need for a tougher approach to China, would not be a popular figure in Beijing if she had won the 2016 election.

Mike Pence Announces Cold War II

The administration is orchestrating a far-reaching campaign against China.

Did Cold War II break out last week while no one was watching? As the Kavanaugh confirmation battle raged, many Americans missed what looks like the biggest shift in U.S.-China relations since Henry Kissinger’s 1971 visit to Beijing.

.. Denouncing what he called China’s “whole of government” approach to its rivalry with the U.S., Mr. Pence vowed the Trump administration will respond in kind.
.. The speech sounded like something Ronald Reagan could have delivered against the Soviet Union: Mr. Xi, tear down this wall! Mr. Pence also detailed an integrated, cross-government strategy to counter what the administration considers Chinese military, economic, political and ideological aggression.
.. Navy plans for greatly intensified patrols in and around Chinese-claimed waters in the South China Sea were leaked to the press.
.. the recently-entered trilateral U.S.-Mexico-Canada trade agreement was revealed to have a clause discouraging trade agreements between member countries and China. The administration indicated it would seek similar clauses in other trade agreements.
.. Congress approved the Build Act, a $60 billion development-financing program designed to counter China’s Belt and Road strategy in Africa and Asia.
.. highlighting the danger that foreign-based supply chains pose to U.S. military capabilities in the event they are cut off during a conflict.
.. Mr. Pence warned that even higher tariffs are on the way. The White House report highlighting supply-chain vulnerabilities could provide the basis for new and more far-reaching restrictions.
.. Business and investors may still be underestimating both the Trump administration’s determination to challenge China and the amount of economic disruption that greater U.S.-China tension can bring.
.. To the mix of longtime China hawks and trade hawks now driving U.S. policy, national security matters more than economic friction, and many of the protestations from the U.S. business community may fall on deaf ears.
.. Both China and the U.S. are likely to move quickly, unpredictably and disruptively as they struggle for advantage; Wall Street should brace itself for further shocks.
.. Democrats who have relished attacking Mr. Trump for allegedly being soft on Vladimir Putin will have a hard time explaining why a hard line on Russia is a patriotic duty but a tough China policy is a mistake.

.. Replacing the North American Free Trade Agreement, reshaping the Supreme Court, and launching a new Cold War in the same week is quite the trifecta. America may or may not be on the road to greatness under Mr. Trump, but it is certainly going somewhere, and at an accelerating pace.

a16z Podcast: Connectivity and the Internet as Supply Chain

3 forms of connectivity:

  1. transportation
  2. energy: 2 million km pipelines
  3. communications: 1 million km fiber on ocean floor

We think that states are the organizing unit, but we are moving:

  • from nations and borders to flow and friction
  • things become organized by connectivity

The more pipelines you build between Russia and Europe, the more resistance to turning off the routes

In the gig economy, your connectivity will affect your prosperity.

People’s loyalty is more to their employer because their employer gives them greater access to places where their citizenship would otherwise not.


Q What should my general diet look like as a swimmer?

Swimming takes up a huge amount of energy, so it’s important that you fuel your body accordingly. You’ll need carbohydrates such as pasta, brown rice and oats for energy, combined with protein to help your muscles develop. You’ll find plenty of protein in fish, lean meats and eggs. Make sure you’re also eating a wide variety of fruit and vegetables throughout the day to top up on vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. As with any sport, it goes without saying that foods that are high in fat and sugar, as well as fried or processed foods, should be avoided.

Q How much protein and carbohydrate should I be eating?

Now that you know what you should be eating, it’s time to work on getting the balance right. The two main areas you need to focus on as a swimmer are carbohydrates and protein. Although this will vary from person to person, a good rule to follow is to eat meals in ‘thirds’ – one third carbohydrates, one third protein, and one third fruit and vegetables. Aim to consume 1.5g of carbohydrate per kilogramme of your bodyweight per day, and 0.6g of protein. If you’re going to be competing, you can increase carbohydrate consumption slightly in the days leading up to the event to start building up energy reserves.

Q What are the best foods to eat before swimming?

Your body position in the water means that the pre-workout foods that you use for other sports might not be suited to swimming. With that in mind, it’s a good idea to leave at least two to three hours after a full meal before you swim, and an hour following a snack. When eating directly before a swim, focus on carbohydrates with a high Glycaemic Index (GI). High GI foods are digested quickly, and therefore give your body an immediate source of energy. You’ll need to experiment with what works best for you, but good options include isotonic sports drinks, fruit, and energy gels. When eating two to three hours before your swim, low GI foods like pasta, nuts and oats will provide slow release energy, so you’ll have plenty left in the tank when it’s time to train.

Q Do I need to eat mid-swim?

Unless you’re going to be swimming for over two hours (for example an open water swimming event or endurance training sessions) you shouldn’t need to eat anything while swimming. However if you are going to be in the pool for a long time, you need to plan how you’re going to fuel yourself come the two hour mark, or you risk hitting the dreaded ‘wall’. Small pieces of fruit are a good option if you can stomach them, but a lot of people have digestive issues when trying to consume solid foods in the water. If that’s the case, try taking an energy gel every 45 minutes after you’ve been in the water for two hours.

Q Do I need to drink while swimming?

It might sound strange, but you’ll actually become dehydrated quicker when you’re in water than you would out of it. The warm, humid air in a pool means you can become dehydrated in under 30 minutes, so it’s important to take regular breaks to maintain fluid levels. For sessions under an hour, drinking water will be perfectly fine. Anything over that and you’ll start to lose electrolytes, which should be topped up with an isotonic sports drink. Remember to look out for the usual signs of dehydration – darker urine, headaches, and of course, thirst.

Q What foods should I avoid before swimming?

There are certain foods that are a strict no-go before you hit the pool. Anything that is fried or high in fat will be hard for your body to digest, leading to discomfort in the water. Even healthier foods can cause indigestion if eaten immediately before your swim, so it’s a good idea to avoid any low GI foods in the hour before your swim. Again, this is because these foods take longer to digest, and can cause feelings of sluggishness and discomfort in the water.

Q What should I eat after a swim?

A key (but often overlooked) aspect of swimming nutrition is what you eat after a training session. After you’ve pushed your body to the limit in the pool, it’s vital that you focus on refuelling, rehydrating, and recovering. The key recovery period is 30 to 60 minutes after your workout, so aim to eat a snack that’s high in carbohydrates and protein in this period. Carbohydrates will bring your energy levels back up, while protein will aid muscle recovery and development. What you eat is down to personal preference, but fruit works well, as do protein shakes.

Q What can I eat to avoid muscle cramps?

Muscle cramps in the legs and feet are a common occurrence while swimming, and while you might think they’re the result of an insufficient warm up or injury, they could also be linked to your diet. Cramps are often a result of low levels of potassium in the body, so foods that are high in potassium like bananas make for the perfect pre-swim snack. Likewise, magnesium has been found to prevent muscle cramps. Magnesium supplements are popular with swimmers for this reason, but if you would prefer to avoid them you can snack on nuts instead.

Source: Swimming Training Nutrition FAQs | realbuzz.com


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If your child is starting school in September 2021 please take the time to explore our website. Our Headteacher would be delighted to chat to you and answer any questions.

The Computing Subject Leader is Mrs Sue Fuller.

At Selborne Church of England Primary School we want children to be masters of technology. Technology is everywhere and will play a pivotal part in our children’s lives. Therefore, we want to model and educate our pupils on how to use technology positively, responsibly and safely. We want our pupils to be creators not consumers and our broad curriculum encompassing computer science, information technology and digital literacy reflects this. We want our pupils to understand that there is always a choice when using technology and as a school we utilise technology (especially social media) to model positive use. We recognise that the best prevention for a lot of issues we currently see with technology and social media is through education.

Please see the documents below to gain a full understanding of our Computing curriculum here at Selborne including the intent, implementation and impact which can be found in the subject policy.

Squirrels class have enjoyed using the Bee Bots. They tried giving them different instructions and then they made simple obstacle courses for the Bee Bots to go around.
The children in Rabbits class have been learning about algorithms and how to give instructions. They had to pretend they were robots and give each other clear instructions so they could move the blocks from one pot to another. We call this unplugged coding.
Then Rabbits class gave instructions to the Blue-Bots. The children were challenged to get from one place on their map to another. They input the instructions to the Blue-Bot and then pressed go! Sometimes it didn't go where they thought it would and they had to work out why their instructions were wrong - this is called debugging.
Otters class were learning about plants in science. They looked at paintings and photos of different plants and then used Revelation Natural Art to recreate these pictures on the computer.
Badgers class have been learning about the Mayans. They used Scratch to create quizzes and test each other's knowledge of the Mayan civilisation.


The USA and the EU have imposed economic sanctions on Russia in response to the Russian annexation of Crimea.

The US has imposed restrictions on the exports of defence equipment and blacklisted numerous Russian officials, with the EU performing similar attempts to punish Russian actions.

Economic sanctions have been readily deployed by various international players over the past twenty-five years. The prolific use of economic coercion in this time has far outstripped the prevalence of sanctions in any other era. However, in an age where information is freely available and perception is everything, is the threat of action more important than the result?

A commonly held argument is that if a state does not yield to the threat of sanctions, it is unlikely to succumb to their implementation. Simply speaking, if the government of the ‘offending’ nation believes that the political gains of non-compliance outweigh the economic damage, they are incredibly unlikely to back down until further pressure is deployed.

Putin’s Russia is in this position.

To illustrate this, look no further than Iraq. Between 1991 and 1996, 48% of Iraq’s GNP was destroyed. This was achieved through a near total embargo on trade and finance and specific asset freezing of governmental elites.

The main aim of the sanctions, enforced by the UN Security Council, was simple: to force Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait. However, as we know, it took a major offensive and the loss of thousands of lives to finally force the Hussein regime to back down.

The Iraqi government however, survived the conflict. This is partly due to what is often called a ‘rally round the flag’ phenomenon. Even when the physical threat to Iraqi soil was over, the perception of Iraq being under attack from foreign interests allowed the regime to create a war society.

Horrendous living conditions, a lack of basic health care, an absence of nutritious food – many ever present hardships were ignored as the sanctions were made to appear as an attack on national sovereignty.

A sense of unity, founded through anti-coercer sentiment, allowed the Ba’athist regime to justify the use of arbitrary control and remain unapologetic about the condition of the people – after all, it was ‘not their fault’.

In more contemporary examples of sanctions – those over Iran’s nuclear programme or Syria’s human rights violations for example –  a large part of their refusal to comply has been due to this often deeply embedded feeling of anti-Americanism.

It can be argued that sanctions form an important stepping stone between ‘words and war’. They allow a nation or organisation to act without the expense and guilt that accompany armed conflict. However, as illustrated in the numerous examples including Iraq and Yugoslavia, sanctions alone were not effective enough – they had to be supported with military action.

It is therefore the words that are the most important aspect of sanctions, with their implementation relatively unimportant. Sanctions allow a collective of international players to establish a positive identity on the world stage.

The ongoing negotiations regarding Iran’s nuclear programme provide an interesting example of this. It can be seen as somewhat ironic that the USA, proud owner of the largest thermo-nuclear arsenal on the face of the earth, can dictate that other nations are not allowed to match her capability. Furthermore, by neglecting to allow Iran to develop its nuclear capability, it restricts its opportunities to develop nuclear energy – an increasingly attractive prospect in such uncertain times.

But what the imposition of sanctions has achieved for the USA is a positive image. The USA is generally seen as the morally upstanding nation, denying the dissident nations powerful and destructive weaponry, enforcing ‘democracy’ and ‘liberating’ oppressed peoples. The USA’s conduct is irrelevant because of the successful creation of an ‘evil other’, against whom they will always be perceived positively.

Putin will not withdraw from Ukraine. Pro-Russian support in Crimea is too high. Any military action would force Crimea to be part of a nation it rejects. For Putin, the political gains outweigh the economic costs – costs which will surely peter out as Western leaders realise their futility. But by that point, lines will have been drawn.

This is the true power of economic sanctions. They allow the lines to be drawn between what is acceptable and what is not, but more importantly who is acceptable. It is irrelevant whether the stated aims of sanctions are achieved because first and foremost, they create two teams.

In essence, the ‘good guys’ versus the ‘bad guys’. But this isn’t a Disney film, and both sides want to win.


The Challenge for Liberalism

The year 2016 has demonstrated that the West, the liberal order the Arab World sought to become a part of, was going through an identity crisis of its own.

Few predicted the Arab awakening that swept through the Middle East and North Africa in 2011. It served as a reminder for Arab leaders that their constituents, especially the youth, were tired of the perpetual political status quo that had created and enabled the repressive regimes to stay in power for over three decades. The youth demanded their right to join the liberal world order and reap the benefits that would come with it: democratic institutions, better governance, a more open society, and economic growth. They were in search of meaning, for their identity as young Arab members of liberal societies.

The year 2016 has demonstrated that the West, the liberal order the Arab World sought to become a part of, was going through an identity crisis of its own. In many liberal democracies those who feel left out, pushed aside, or forgotten by their establishment politicians spoke out for change, against the maintenance of the status quo. Few analysts predicted that Britain would leave the European Union, that Donald Trump would become the next president of the United States, or took seriously the rising tide of rightwing populist politics gaining ground in Europe and beyond. The rise of populism in the post-2008 financial crisis era has demonstrated that liberal democratic systems were neither perfect nor immune to an awakening in the age of globalization.

There are many reasons for this. The appeal of populism in the West grew when economies became sclerotic and establishment politicians seemed to favor the status quo. Wages stagnated, jobs for decades had moved from the rural areas to the urban centers, and low-paying jobs offshored to India and China. At the same time, education and living costs increased while political leaders assured their constituents that things were getting better. The richest 1 percent were getting richer, which to many indicated that globalization was benefitting mostly the wealthiest sectors of society, the elites, who had the resources to benefit from offshoring and the seemingly borderless flow of capital from London to New York to Hong Kong. The political and corporate elites appeared above the law while heavily regulating the lives of others.

For many the frustration that ensued is exacerbated by the liberal and internationalist norms that come with globalization and are espoused by many elites and cosmopolitans: more openness, be it in terms of free trade or the promotion of multiculturalism and diversity.

Especially after the start of the Syrian civil war and the subsequent refugee crisis overwhelming the European Union, immigration has become an increasingly contentious issue. Immigrants, coming from the global south, were seen not only as catalytic, stealing the jobs of the working class, but more importantly as changing the social fabric in many Western countries. Even though globalization had increased the flow of capital, goods, information, ideas, and people, it had not undermined attachment to national identity or enhanced the level of tolerance in our societies. Globalization and cosmopolitanism have failed to offer the same sense of belonging that adherence to national identity can foster. In fact, for many, globalization had resulted in the degradation of their nations. Populist slogans that tout the need to “take back control” and “restore our country” appeal to those feeling alienated by globalization and cosmopolitan norms that impinge upon national sovereignty.

People began to lose their faith in international and regional institutions whose job was to facilitate the process of globalization and economic integration while maintaining and promoting the liberal international order. The forces opposing globalization saw their countries being bound by transnational rules and international laws that reduce policy options available to domestic policymakers, thus impinging upon their national sovereignty. Russian President Vladimir Putin has argued that this liberal world order was politically motivated and directed by the West. Many governmental authorities in the Middle East and beyond share this belief. Thus, the politics of Putin and Trump are seen by many as a positive force in the global arena, steering the focus from promoting liberalism to a more realist approach to domestic affairs and international diplomacy.

The current world order was established in 1945 after World War II. This order has resulted in the longest period of peace among states and spurred unprecedented economic growth, especially in the West. It has also brought Europe from the brink of destruction, lifted millions out of poverty throughout the world, and spread new freedoms to many countries. However, the liberal world order has failed to secure national and other in-group identities. The promise of secular democracy based on liberalism has not been able to offer citizens a strong enough sense of meaning and belonging. It is not only the Middle East where young people are losing faith in politics; in the West people are becoming tired of the technocrats in liberal democracies maintaining the status quo.

Despite its flaws, in liberal democracies the possibility of compromise exists. However, leaders must uphold the democratic institutions and traditions that guarantee equal rights for everyone. In the Arab awakening many had a very naive understanding of what it means to be a citizen: what the responsibilities and obligations are. It now seems that citizens in liberal democracies have forgotten what it means to be a citizen. Many of them have not engaged in politics and have let their representatives function on their own. Liberal Western democracies have to have frank discussions about the limits of liberalism and define what it means to be a citizen of a liberal democracy. Democracy, especially liberal democracies, will only satisfy aspirations if their citizens actively participate in defining and evaluating policies governing issues in the public domain.

Let’s not, however, draw the wrong conclusions. Recent events do not prove that the aspirations of the Arab awakening or the principles of Western liberalism are wrong. But the turmoil and call for change did underline that both required wise leaders and inclusive governance.

Nabil Fahmy, a former foreign minister of Egypt, is the dean of the School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the American University in Cairo. He served as Egypt’s ambassador to the United States from 1999–2008, and as envoy to Japan between 1997 and 1999. On Twitter: @mnabilfahmy.


Boom in Cloud-Based and AI-Driven Accounting Predicted for 2021

by: The Knowledge Group

January 06, 2021

As artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud-based computing both continue to play an increasingly prominent role in the way we conduct business, more and more industries are starting to experience the impact of these accelerating technologies. Based on current trends, it’s now no stretch at all to say AI and cloud computing alike are going to have an even more significant role in accounting services heading into 2021 and beyond.

The move to online workflow management brought by the COVID-19 pandemic is one driving force behind this acceleration of AI and cloud computing technologies in the accounting sphere, but the industry has been heading in this direction for some time now. A 2020 survey showed that 55% of accountants say that they plan to make use of AI within the next three years, while a separate 2019 survey showed that 94% of accountants are already making use of cloud services in some manner.

So how are these two technologies set to impact the accounting industry heading into the new year? The possibilities are broad, but there are a few ways that we can realistically predict how AI and cloud computing are set to shape accounting in the years to come. The first of these is an increase in automated solutions that will both enable accountants to save time and money while also enabling their clients to access self-service accounting solutions. Another near certainty is that increased reliance on cloud computing in the industry will foster more efficient remote collaboration between accountants and their clients as well as the ability to access real-time insights more easily across companies and platforms. Perhaps most interesting, though, is the fact that AI may enable accountants to create no-code or low-code software solutions for their clients on demand, creating the possibility for a fascinating new service that would not have been possible just a few years ago.

Of course, these are just a few of the ways that these technologies are set to impact the accounting industry in the years to come, and exactly what the future holds in store for the industry and the way it utilizes AI and cloud computing technologies is still wide open.

Note: The Knowledge Group continuously produces webcasts on this topic and other hot-buttons issues relating to Technology to keep you ahead of the curve.


Separation of N2 and CO2 from natural gas using graphene to reduce the environmental pollution

Document Type : Original Article

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran

3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Natural gas consists of light hydrocarbons with methane as a major component. However, undesired components such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and water vapor may accompany with major hydrocarbon mix in natural gas. Removing these nuisance components is usually a major task in industries, especially in petrochemical plants where natural gas is exploited as plant feed or in case environmental or safety issues are of any concern. High tech separation of these minor impurities from the major hydrocarbon body of natural gas may be achieved using single phase technologies such as molecular sieve or membrane technologies. The later technique, however, has a more promising horizon, if a feasible membrane such as graphene is exploited. Porous graphene membrane with high permeability, high selectivity, suitable geometry and suitable size are very hopeful for membrane separation of gases. Therefore, it is expected that porous graphene membranes will develop in industry to achieve effective membrane separation technology for natural gas process and other gas separation process.


 The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner Meter // mars-bet.com

Analyze The Rime of the Ancient Mariner as a..

Get an answer for 'Analyze The Rime of the Ancient Mariner as a narrative ballad with a message. How has Coleridge used the various features of a ballad in this poem?' and find homework help for. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner originally "The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere" is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of Lyrical Ballads. Modern editions use a later revised. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner: Structural Critique Essay 1843 Words Apr 24, 2013 8 Pages Within the poem considered his most famous work, Samuel Taylor Coleridge uses an abundance of literary devices to contribute to the effect of the poem. 11.01.2011 · what is the rhyme meter and foot of this stanza from "the rime of the ancient mariner"? “He prayeth best,who loveth best. All things both great and small; For the dear God who loves us, Hemade and loveth all.” best answer will be chosen. Answer Save. 3 Answers.

09.02.2012 · 50 videos Play all Mix - Iron Maiden - Rime of the Ancient Mariner [Flight 666 DVD] HD YouTube Iron Maiden - Empire Of The Clouds - Duration: 18:11. Mihailo Djuric 5,184,787 views. The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner Analysis 962 Words 4 Pages. Desiree Marion Marjorie Levinson English 451 15 November 2017 Symbols and Symbolism in The Ancient Rime of the Mariner The poem, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Coleridge, is a poem about death and death-in-life. The mariner is a symbolism of retribution, and a liminality.

24.12.2012 · Live After Death es un álbum doble en vivo de la banda británica de heavy metal Iron Maiden, lanzado el 14 de octubre de 1985. Durante el transcurso de la gira World Slavery Tour fue grabado el. «The Rime of the Ancient Mariner» er eit dikt skrive av den engelske diktaren Samuel Taylor Coleridge frå 1797 til 1798 og gjeve ut i den første utgåva av samlinga Lyrical Ballads i 1798. Det er det lengste viktige diktet Coleridge skreiv.

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel. 04.02.2020 · The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is one of the most-referenced pieces of Romantic poetry. Ever heard "Water, water everywhere and not a drop to drink"? Yup, it's from here although in the original text it's ''nor any. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a typical ballad by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It deals with a single situation or incident, and though there are many incidents, they are also introduced so as to look like parts of the one major event. The situation is presented dramatically. The poet makes use of striking dialogues, and the effect is enhanced by repetitions, known as ‘refrains’. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Argument: How a Ship having passed the Line was driven by storms to the cold Country towards the South Pole; and how from thence she made her course to the tropical Latitude of the Great Pacific Ocean; and of the strange things that befell; and in what manner the Ancyent Marinere came back to his own Country. Anna Barbauld may have believed that The Rime of the Ancient Mariner had no moral, but Coleridge is correct when he insists that “the poem had too much” qtd. in Coleridge 6: 272. The moral of his ballad is to appreciate all forms of life. To develop this theme, Coleridge utilizes imagery and symbolism to create an implicit partnership between Life-in-Death and the Moon.

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner study guide contains a biography of Samuel Coleridge, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Remember: this poem appeared in a book of poetry called Lyrical Ballads, published in 1798. Two friends wrote the collection together, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth. They didn’t intend to necessarily begin.

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essays.

Iron Maiden - Rime of the Ancient Mariner.

the rime of the ancient mariner analysis symbolism, imagery, allegory in pretty much any poem or novel about life at sea, you can expect quite lot of attention. Sign in Register; Hide. Analysis - The Rime of the Ancient Mariner - Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Summary. University. StuDocu University. 05.02.2020 · The Rime of the Ancient Mariner - It is an ancient mariner. Beneath the lamp the lady bowed, And slowly rolled her eyes around; Then drawing in her breath aloud, Like one that shuddered, she unbound The cincture from beneath her breast: Her silken robe, and inner vest, Dropt to her feet, and full in view, Behold! her bosom, and half her side— A sight to dream of, not to tell!

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United States Marine Band (Pennsylvania) : The oldest professional musical organization in the United States

The Marine Band has been uniquely known as "The President's Own" since 1801 due to the historic connection to the President of the United States. The relationship between the Marine Band and the White House began on New Year's Day 1801, when President John Adams invited the band to perform at the Executive Mansion.

Later that year, Thomas Jefferson initiated the tradition of Marine Band performances by requesting that it perform at his inauguration. The Marine Band has played at every United States presidential inauguration since. President Thomas Jefferson gave the title "The President's Own" in 1801. This terminology emulated a long-established British usage, where various military units were designated as "King's Own" or "Queen's Own".

According to wikipedia

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What Music Makes Babies Smarter?

Can classical music make babies smarter?

Its primary scientific support comes from a 1993 study showing that classical music temporarily improved college students’ scores on two parts of a general intelligence test.

Why music is good for your brain?

What music is good for baby brain development?

Does Mozart help baby brain development?

Does Mozart really make babies smarter?

Listening to classical music may soothe your baby and turn her into a classical fan later in life, but it won’t make her smarter. Despite popular sentiment, the evidence that listening to classical music made anybody smarter was tenuous at best. …

Can music be too loud for baby in womb?

Does music help baby brain development?

Can music make you more intelligent?

Is the Mozart effect real?

A meta-analysis of studies that have replicated the original study shows that there is little evidence that listening to Mozart has any particular effect on spatial reasoning. The author of the original study has stressed that listening to Mozart has no effect on general intelligence.

What foods develop baby’s brain?

When can a fetus hear Dad’s voice?

Should I play music for my baby in the womb?

Not at all. Any healthy activity that you enjoy or find relaxing while you are pregnant will have a positive effect on your baby. Further, if you sing along while you listen, your baby hears your voice and develops familiarity with what you sound like and with the melodies you enjoy.

Does listening to music in the womb make babies smarter?

If classical music does make a difference in a baby’s IQ, it’s probably a very slight difference. If you like classical music, by all means, play it. It definitely can’t hurt. Researchers believe that babies can hear outside sounds while in the womb.

Is Mozart good for brain?

Can music make you happy?

Music touches us all deeply, in ways that range from the obvious to the inexplicable. It can make us feel happy, sad, reflective, anxious, thrilled, angry, excited, joyous and/or relaxed. … Music also boosts your immune system and can create positive emotional experiences — it even helps relieve pain.

Is there a correlation between music and intelligence?

On the Association Between Musical Training, Intelligence and Executive Functions in Adulthood. Converging evidence has demonstrated that musical training is associated with improved perceptual and cognitive skills, including executive functions and general intelligence, particularly in childhood.

What music should a pregnant woman listen to?

What music should a pregnant mother listen to? In the third trimester, the baby will be definitely able to hear the music you play. Classical music, gentle sounds like lullabies, nice melodies that inspire happiness all are designed to be soothing.

Does Mozart make you more intelligent?


Question: How Long After You Miss Your Period Should You Worry?

Is it possible to miss a period for a month?

No period this month.

Try not to freak out.

It’s normal miss a period once in a while.

It could just be your body’s response to stress or changes in your eating or exercise habits..

How many days late can a period be before worrying about pregnancy?

A menstrual period is considered late if it hasn’t started 5 or more days after the day you expected it to start. A period is considered missed if you have had no menstrual flow for 6 or more weeks after the start of your last period.

Can your period be 7 days late and not be pregnant?

What are symptoms of not having a period?

Depending on the cause of amenorrhea, you might experience other signs or symptoms along with the absence of periods, such as: Milky nipple discharge. Hair loss. Headache.

Is white discharge a sign of period coming?

What do pregnancy boobs feel like?

During the earliest weeks of pregnancy, breast pain tends to be dull and achy. Your boobs may feel heavy and swollen. They can be super sensitive to the touch, making exercise and sex play very uncomfortable.

How do you self check your stomach for pregnancy?

How do you tell if you’re pregnant without a test?

What are some unusual signs of early pregnancy?

How soon do pregnancy symptoms start?

When should I go to the doctor if my period is late and pregnancy test is negative?

Can stress delay period for 2 weeks?

Can period be delayed by 10 days?

What does pregnancy discharge look like?

Can you miss a period and not be pregnant?

Should I be worried if I missed a period?

Missing one or two periods is completely normal, and not generally a cause for concern. But if you’ve missed more than a few months, it’s time to see your doctor.

Why am I having pregnancy symptoms but a negative test?

When should I go to the doctor if my period is late and I not pregnant?

As long as you are sure you are not pregnant and you feel well in yourself there is no need for concern. If you don’t have a period for 3-6 months, or have other symptoms then you should see a doctor. Sometimes periods in teenage girls start later than in others.

How many days after missed period?

How long after a missed period should I go to the doctor?

The American Pregnancy Association recommends you make an appointment with your doctor for your first prenatal visit within eight weeks of your last menstrual period (LMP). Even if you’ve been pregnant before, every pregnancy and every baby is different.

Is my period coming or am I pregnant?


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Archetypal Approach in James Baldwin‘s Sonny's Blues (Essay Sample)

I need an essay analysis of the poem "sonny's blues". I have provided the 2 source links for you to use and you dont need to cite them at the end, only use them to complete the work, all I need is a written essay;
a 550-1000-word paper, apply ONE of the four critical approaches(formalism, archetypal, psychological, mythological) to analyze the selected work. You must incorporate research from two scholarly sources(i have provided you with the sources), along with quotes from the work, all documented in MLA format.
The essay should have the following elements:
a meaningful title;
a clear introduction of the theory in the first paragraph that you will be applying to the text that you have chosen;
a clearly identifiable thesis statement at the end of the introduction that explains why an application of this theory can help readers discover meaning;
at least three body paragraphs, each of which contains a topic sentence and supporting sentences;
specific evidence (examples and quotes) from the chosen text in the body paragraphs;
a clear conclusion.
a word count (550-1000)

Archetypal approach in James Baldwin‘s Sonny's Blues
The archetypal approach focuses on form and function elements to understand the meaning of a literary work grounded in cultural or psychological myths. Sonny is the archetypal jazz musician alienated from the mainstream society because of their penchant for drugs. The focus on Black music including jazz and blues in downtown Harlem showing that music is like a medium achievement for the African Americans. Despite Sonny visiting bars frequented by the working class blacks, it is the narrator’s snobbish behavior that makes it hard for him to understand Sonny’s penchant for music. This paper highlights the archetypal approach with the character of Sonny’s the archetypal image of a creative musician who is misunderstood, but also representing the expectations of the working class blacks.
To highlight the alienation of Sonny the aspiring musician is the narrator’s uninspiring perspective on music as a career. However, Sonny’s romantic pursuit of music seems irrational at first, but the narrator gets to acknowledge the power of music towards the end as Sonny performs. There are clear class divisions between the two brothers with the narrator keen to maintain conservative ideals, while supporting the status quo. However, Sonny has a different perspective, and is more radical and in a hurry to participate in social changes. The alienation of Sonny is also because of his choices to protest and act against the norm, but Baldwin also sees this as a way for redemption when the narrator alludes to being free after listening to Sonny’s performance. Sonny finds acceptance in the jazz club away from the isolation and judgment of other people (McParland 132).
Sonny is misunderstood by his older brother and his wife for his non-conformity...
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