What Is Unemployment?

Unemployment is a state where the individuals looking out for opportunities to be hired remain jobless over a period. So what is unemployment in real terms? According to the international labor organization, the term unemployment refers to a situation where an individual remains out of work for a period of over four weeks in the time, which he or she has been actively looking out for opportunities to be hired for employment. Even people who have found a job and are looking to start work in a matter of two weeks are termed unemployed by the international labor organization.

In today’s scenario, the situation of unemployment world over is very grim. Statistics reveal that a major portion of the world’s population is unemployed due to various reasons. This also shows economic showdown, which the world is facing today. The causes of unemployment may be numerous but the main reason for the major ratio of the world population being unemployed boils down to the economic recession of the world and the increasing technological advancement by the day.

The major question doing rounds these days is what is unemployment? The reason for this being more and more people of the world does not have a job. This brings individuals to prod on the question what is unemployment. With the advent of machines and technology for all purposes, the requirement of labor force is almost nil in many organizations. This has led to more people remaining out of work for a longer time. The irony is that technology is advancing in a rapid pace and so is the world’s population. However, the sad part is that there are not enough opportunities for all these individuals to be employed.

As the unemployment crisis is booming at a rapid pace stringent measures have to be taken curb the situation immediately. This is a major concern troubling the brains of the economists, as they have to find a practical and sound solution for the brain-racking question what is unemployment. All the unemployment data has to be immaculately recorded by all the governments for the purpose of labor management and macroeconomics.

I hope that in the years to come the situation will come under control under the rightful guidance of well-versed economists. Let us together wait for a situation where the question what is unemployment is read just for knowledge and not dealt with as a crisis booming like today.


HUNTINGTON - A burrito shop in Huntington is searching for a person who stole one of the restaurant's paintings.

Robert Velasco, the manager of Fat Artie's Burrito Shack, says the paintings in the establishment are expensive and can run up to a thousand dollars each. He says that the stolen painting was ordered from Mexico and has been with them since the restaurant opened four years ago.

Surveillance video shows someone taking the painting right off the wall.

The manager says there is a $100 reward.

He is asking the person responsible to come forward and says they won't file charges.


Beethoven Essay Research Paper We have witnessed

Beethoven Essay, Research Paper We have witnessed and had the chance to hear many pieces from both classical and modern composers . Numerous composers have tried to match the style of one of the most prominent composers of the nineteenth century, but few have come close. We are speaking of the ever-famous Ludwig van Beethoven.

Beethoven Essay, Research Paper

We have witnessed and had the chance to hear many pieces from both classical and modern composers . Numerous composers have tried to match the style of one of the most prominent composers of the nineteenth century, but few have come close. We are speaking of the ever-famous Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven is one of the most famous composers of all times and always will be considered to be among the best. The rise of Beethoven into the ranks? of history?s greatest composers was paralleled and in some ways a consequence of his own tragedy and despair.

Ludwig Van Beethoven, born in Bonn, Germany, was considered generally one of the greatest composers in the Western tradition. His father was a singer in a court chapel. Beethoven followed in his father?s footsteps and became a court musician as well, because of his fathers mental absence. His father was an alcoholic, so Beethoven needed to somehow support himself and the rest of his family. Under the tutelage of German composer, Christian Gottlobe Neefe , his early compositions signal an important talent. It was planned for Beethoven to study in Vienna with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart died in 1791, preventing Beethoven to ever join him. Beethoven ended up going to Vienna in 1792, and became one of Joseph Hayden?s, an Austrian composer, pupils.

Beethoven?s piano improvisations dazzled aristocracy in Vienna. He entered into favorable arrangements with Viennese music publishers. Beethoven succeeded as a free lance composers due to the broadening of published music. Mozart took the same path, except for he found it full of frustration.

In the beginning of the nineteenth century, Beethoven loosely constructed a style of works such as the Septet Opera 20. Beethoven claimed that he had never learned anything from Hayden. He then revealed this complete assimilation of the Viennese classical style in every major instrumental genre: symphony, concerto, string quartet, and sonata. 1798 led to an increase of social isolation, due to Beethoven?s hearing impairment. His hearing began to deteriorate until eventually he became totally deaf. He went into a period of despair and even considered suicide, but then found the strength to devote his life to the music, which he could know only feel within himself. He reached his peak during these years. He gradually settled into patterns of shifting residences, spending a few summers in the Viennese suburbs. During these times of relocation, Beethoven found himself to be falling in love, in love with the wrong women. He tended to fall for the unattainable women, either they were aristocratic or married or both. These women inspired him to write many pieces, yet it is still unknown who these works were written for.

In 1815, Beethoven?s brother, Casper Carl, had died. Beethoven devoted himself to a costly legal struggle with his sister-in-law for custody of her nine year old son, and Beethoven?s nephew. Beethoven won custody of his nephew, after a lengthy hearing. Yet this whole arrangement did not work out for either Beethoven or his Nephew, Karl. In the years these two spent together, they were engaged in many fights and disagreements. This contributed to Karl?s attempted suicide in 1826.

Beethoven relied on small “conversation books” due to him becoming virtually deaf in 1818. The conversation books contained visitor remarks so he could at least read them, since his hearing ceased to exist. He stayed with a steadily shrinking group of friends, and withdrew himself from all others. His music remained fashionable during these times, but only among a small group of educated people. During Beethoven?s last illness, he received out pouring of sympathy from the surrounding communities. On March 26, 1827, Beethoven died in Vienna. Tens of thousands witnessed his funeral procession.

In Beethoven?s 57 years of living, his major outputs consist of seven concerto?s, nine symphonies, seventeen string quartets, ten sonatas for violin and piano, thirty two piano sonata?s, an opera, five sonatas for cello and piano, several overtures, two masses, and numerous sets of piano variations. People considered Beethoven a bridge to Romanticism. After Beethoven arrived in Vienna, he alternated between compositions based openly on classical models, such as the String Quartet in A Major, Op. 18, No. 5. From 1802 to 1812 he projected a heroic aura, although his works of this decade musically represented an expansion of the tighter forms of Hayden and Mozart. This is apparent in both, Eroica Symphony and his Piano Concerto No.5. His piece entitled, Eroica was dedicated to Napoleon, who seemed to symbolize liberty and fraternity. Beethoven later ripped up the dedication when Napoleon betrayed the cause of freedom and was crowned emperor. Ludwig also represented formerly compressed works, such as his Symphony No. 5 and the Piano Sonata, Op.57.

The fading hopes for a successful relationship with the “Immortal Beloved” and the completion of the Symphony # 8 left Beethoven with composition uncertainty. A couple of his works prior to 1812, experimented with reviving and expanding on the more relaxed musical structure he had employed in the 1790?s. A couple example are, the Piano Sonata in A Major Op. 101 in 1817, and the Op. 98 song cycle An die feme Gelibte in1816. His cyclic works of this period exercised the most direct musical influence on the succeeding generation of romantic composers. Beethoven made a second return to the tightly structured heroic style in 1818. The return was marked by his Piano Sonata in B Flat Major Op. 106. This piece was a work of length and difficulty.

Rather than have been composing in sets or even pairs, the works of Beethoven in his last period are each marked by individuality. Later on, composers would admire his work, and strive to equal his perfection. Beethoven gave expression to an all embracing view which idealized humanity with the Ninth Symphony and the Missa Solemnis. Beethoven?s style gave rise to the five string quartets in 1824-1826. Although these pieces were viewed as inaccessible in their time, we in modern times have come to use these string quartets as a comparable standard.

The Romantic generation that followed Beethoven pictured him as a heroic artist, who fought against social injustice and hypocrisy. Beethoven was far more than that and his greatness was not recognized completely until after his death. His later works were so advanced, that they were considered unplayable for fifty years. Beethoven?s brilliant compositions continued to develop and signaled the beginning of a new era in all fields of human creativity and experience.

1.) Hogwood, Christopher. Beethoven Remembered. Great Ocean Publishers, Inc., ?1987

2.) Fischer, Edwin. Beethoven?s Pianoforte Sonatas. Faber and Faber Limited, ? 1959

3.) Ventura, Piero. Great Composers. G.P. Putnam?s Sons, ?1989

4.) Internet., 1998


1971 - Never a Dull Moment: The Year That Rock Exploded.pdf

1971 - Never a Dull Moment: The Year That Rock Exploded.pdf

On New Year's Eve in 1970, Paul McCartney initiated the proceedings that would wind up The Beatles. It was the end of the sixties, a year later than scheduled. And it would pull down the curtain on the pop era. The following day was the first day of 1971. It was to be the dawning of a new age, and in particular of a year that would become music's most significant, most creative and most innovative since the days of Flower Power. Over the course of those twelve months, rock music would truly come of age. It would see the release of more influential albums than any year before or since. It would see the launching of careers which would span the next forty years - David Bowie, Rod Stewart, Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin, Elton John, Joni Mitchell and many more. During those twelve months, in a surge of creativity, playfulness, ambition, technological breakthrough, ego and blissful ignorance, a huge proportion of the most memorable music ever made was released. How did it happen? This book explains. It's the story of 1971, the year rock was born.


Monarch Recruitment Limited

Deployment Engineer VOIP SIP Aylesbury £40K

Deployment Engineer, Telephony, VOIP, SIP, Trunking, Unified Communications, Aylesbury, £30K - £40K

I am currently looking for a Deployment Engineer to join my Gartner leading recognised firm in Aylesbury.  In this role, you will be responsible for collecting detailed customer requirements from the Sales Engineer and assisting with the configuration of internal products and 3rd party product services.  The deployment engineer will also assist customer with the integration of my clients systems and hardware with their own legacy systems.

Key Responsibilities:

- Provide hands on technical support and assistance to customers, resellers and field technicians
- Participate in  the Project Management call, being responsible in the whole process post sale
- Identify any design issues and follow up with the project manager

- Experience supporting VoIP and working knowledge of telephony, PBX, SIP “trunking” and UC Technology
- Excellent customer service skills
- Experience working in a client facing role
- Driving license and the willingness to travel if required

My client is globally recognised as the world leader in their industry.  They have gone through incredible growth over the last few years and are still looking to expand their team due to increased demand.  There are various routes for progression within the team and company.


Social Capital

Social Capital

An Introduction to Managing Networks

Kenneth W. Koput

Chapter 3: Sociocentric Perspectives with Applications to Human Resources

Kenneth W. Koput

Subjects: business and management, human resource management

In this chapter we examine how a company can tap into the social capital in the informal networks formed by employees’ social ties and use that social capital to further organizational goals. We consider first the case where a company is filling vacancies by promoting from within, known as internal staffing. Then we’ll look at how a company can use employees’ extraorganizational social networks to more effectively hire new employees from outside the organization. INTRAORGANIZATIONAL SOCIAL CAPITAL 3.1 Filling vacancies from within Marsden and Gorman (1999) are concerned with the nature and determinants of internal staffing procedures that draw on social capital versus more formal methods. Let’s first identify social capital methods and formal methods so we can contrast the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Then we’ll look at how a manager can determine which type of method to use in filling a vacancy, based on which is more likely to manifest its advantages. Social capital methods are those that utilize employees’ social connections to identify candidates to fill the vacant position. For our purpose here, we can identify social capital methods as either direct contacts or referrals. Direct contacts come from actual observation of a candidate at work, based on having an existing social tie. So they are persons either that you have had the opportunity to supervise or whose supervisor is in your social network, and so you have observed them in the course of your social interaction with their supervisor. Referrals come from third parties who...

Further information


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Astronomy Exam 1

Kepler's 1st Law of Planetary Motion Planet's orbit is an ellipse; with Sun at one focus
Kepler's 2nd Law of Planetary Motion Object orbiting Sun on elliptic orbit is FASTEST when CLOSEST to Sun and SLOWEST when FURTHEST from the Sun
Kepler's 3rd Law of Planetary Motion Periods (YEARS) are related to planets' orbital sizes (a in AU); applies to planets orbiting a 1 solar mass star p^2=a^3
Newton's 1st Law of Gravity body at rest/ motion STAYS in rest/motion UNLESS acted upon an outside FORCE
Newton's 2nd Law of Gravity F=ma (Force=mass x acceleration) more mass--more force to accelerate
Newton's 3rd Law of Gravity Every action has an EQUAL and OPPOSITE force
Occam's Razor Scientists should prefer the simpler of two models that agrees with the observations
scientific paradigm General pattern of thought that tends to shape scientific study for a specific time period
diameter of Earth 8,000 miles
circumference of Earth 24,900 miles
Average/Mean Earth-Sun distance 93.9 million miles (=1 AU)
1 light-year DISTANCE light travels in a vacuum in a year
right ascension (LONGITUDE) but on the celestial sphere [used in equatorial coordinate system]
declination (LATITUDE) but on the celestial sphere [used in equatorial coordinate system]
elevation angle number of DEGREES between the horizon and the object (AKA altitude, used in horizon coordinate system]
azimuth direction around the horizon from due north (used in horizon coordinate system)
ecliptic Sun's apparent annual path among the constellations (fundamental great circle of ecliptic coordinate system)
zodiac constellations on the celestial sphere through which the ecliptic passes
vernal equinox points at which the sun passes through the equator making the DAY AS LONG AS NIGHT (FALL & SPRING equinox)
celestial meridian circle that connects the zenith with the north and south poles
zenith straight UP from observer
nadir straight DOWN from observer
north celestial pole point on the celestial sphere directly above earth's north pole
latitude (on Earth) angular NORTH-SOUTH distance between Earth's equator and a location on Earth's surface
longitude (on Earth) angular EAST-WEST distance between Earth's prime meridian and a location on Earth's
What causes the seasons? Earth's 23 & 1/2 degree tilt on its axis
precession of the equinoxes slow change in direction of the axis of Earth's rotation
Pythagorus a^2+b^2=c^2
Created by: Daisy Castillo Daisy Castillo


Tag Archives: Steve Caruso

Again on Ralph Ellis

Ralph has responded to my most recent blog post at great length after I invited him here to engage concerns with his scholarship directly. I told him I would not delete his posts, but I would not allow him to post if he showed himself unwilling or unable to address concerns with his arguments. I’ve consolidated my responses to his comments in the following:

Thank you for taking the time to post here, Ralph, but I invited you here to discuss Steve’s concerns with your claims, not your concerns with Tom or with his claims. Nevertheless, let it never be said that I am not accommodating. I’m not interested in engaging your personal attacks against Tom or anyone else, but I will respond to the claims you highlight from your book. However, I expect you to do me the same courtesy and fully address my concerns. If you refuse to do so, I will disallow future posting. I’m not going to delete anything unless it is vulgar or spamming, but I will ban you from commenting if you depart any further from the discussion I delineate, or attempt to sidestep my criticisms. I hope you understand that my time is important to me, as I’m sure your time is to you. I will not go diving down rabbit holes just to help you muddy the water.

Now, regarding your conflation of King Abgarus and King Monobazus, you don’t really provide any evidence, you simply assert their conflation at a sublevel. Instead of saying you conflated them because they were the same person (flagrant begging the question), you simply say you conflated them because their wives were the same person, as a result of Adiabene and Edessa being the same place. You’re still begging the question, you’re just moving the fallacy a couple steps away from your main claim to obscure it a bit. You do not provide a word of evidence for these identifications except for a forced inference you impose upon Josephus’ text in order to harmonize an artificial conflict. In other words, you see Josephus’ lack of reference to Edessa and assume—based on no evidence—that he would have had to have mentioned it.

Assumptions about what an historian would have had to have done do not form legitimate methodological bases for conflating toponyms and personal names, though. Historical authors frequently leave out quite important information for reasons that are not clear to us. For instance, some people claim that the absence of the mention of Belshazzar from Herodotus’ histories means Herodotus didn’t know about him, but they overlook the fact that Herodotus also never mentions Nebuchadnezzar, of whom Herodotus could not possibly have been ignorant. Josephus is actually quite infamous for glaring omissions from his retelling of Jewish history that he obviously felt did not reflect on Judaism the way he wanted. His Antiquities and his War are also inconsistent, crafting the narratives with different details to satisfy the rhetorical concerns of each composition. In short, I don’t see any reason whatsoever we are required to find Edessa or its rulers in Josephus’ text. If you wish to insist that we cannot leave the text without identiying Edessa within it, you will have to provide something well beyond the naked assertion that he just cannot have left it out.

Next, the existence of the kingdom of Adiabene is not in doubt, nor is there any historical need whatsoever to find some candidate from the archaeological record to identity with it. Its history, quite independent and distinct from that of Edessa, is narrated in a variety of ancient documents. For example, Strabo, Ptolemy, and Pliny all describe the geographic location of Adiabene, as well as the location of Edessa. There is some geographic overlap, but that is easily explained by the fact that Adiabene controlled the region for a time. See this text for discussion of the geographic descriptions of Adiabene. There is simpy no reason on earth to think that they are the same city. Josephus’ omission of Edessa is absolutely irrelevant. It certainly does not serve as evidentiary leverage for ignoring what other writers have to say about the two regions. The evidence unilaterally and unequivocally precludes your thesis, and there is simply no evidence whatsoever to support it. No responsible historian would ever subscribe to such a stunningly problematic thesis, and that is not rhetoric at all; the claim violates every single principle of historiography I can think of.

Next, you claim that you were constrained in your use of Greek and Hebrew fonts, and that you had to provide JPEG images of all occurrences of those scripts. You don’t make clear whether you produced the JPEGs or they were produced by Innodata using a text you submitted. If you did it, it would mean that whatever came through in the book was what was in the JPEG you submitted. They can’t edit the fonts in a JPEG image. If you mean to say you submitted the text and they turned it into a JPEG image, then there’s an interesting problem. The mistake was the confusion of a final sigma with a non-final one, which requires at least knowing the Greek alphabet and what the final sigma represents. I find it hard to believe that an Innodata inputer saw the final sigma, knew it was just the form of the sigma when it appears at the end of a word, but still managed to accidentally input a non-final sigma. No, the error found in your book is quite common to beginners who are typing out Greek from a transliteration. I am compelled to conclude that this was your error, but I am not going to pursue the argument any further; it does not seem to me that would admit it even if it were your error. The point of highlighting this error was to expose an obvious lack of familiarity with the relevant languages, which I believe is a valid and accurate conclusion, irrespective of the source of the error in your book.

As an example of some other concerns that are not based on inputter error, I would point to pp. 37–38, where you argue that the “Aramaic-Hebrew”  is a gentilic noun with the definite article, thus “The Adyab,” or “The Adia-bene.” You interpret it as a people because you understand the –bene suffix to represent the Hebrew word for “son” (thus “sons of Addai”). You also happen to fumble—or Innodata fumbled—the form of the final nun in the Hebrew בן (not בנ). You then accuse the Talmudic scribes of misunderstanding the word, resulting in the initial ḥet in two spellings and the final pe in one of those. Your analysis is staggeringly uninformed on several levels. The shorter form found in the Talmud and in the Syriac Chronicle of Arbela are original. The Greek Adiabene is secondary. We know this because the –ene suffix was one of a small number of Greek components attached to toponyms during the Parthian period when the Seleucid empire split up many Achaemenid satrapies into more manageable sizes. Compare “Adiabene” to the other names Osrhoene, Inigene, Tinigene, Akabene, Zabdicene, Dolomene, Sittacene, Mesene, Calachene, and Characene. The other widespread suffices that were added include –ena, -ia, and –itis. The –ene on the end of the toponym Adiabene has absolutely nothing whatsoever to do with the Hebrew word בן. It comes from a Greek suffix added to the names of the cities after their annexation and division by the Seleucids. The Aramaic form without the suffix is original.

Anyone with a grasp of the Hebrew would not have understood it as “Sons of Addai” anyway, since the word you have read as “son” comes at the end of the word, rather than the beginning (Aramaic and Hebrew don’t do that), and also because gentilic nouns (“people of . . . , or “-ites”) end in yod (the long /i/ vowel). Finally, the Greek is based on the Aramaic word, which is represented in the Aramaic and the Syriac primarily with the ḥet. It is the Talmudic rendering with the he that is mistaken, the very spelling you naively think is original. Your etymology is stunningly uninformed and is flatly wrong.

It doesn’t seem to me you have much facility at all with the languages, but I’m willing to be proven wrong. Can you translate the following Greek sentence and parse the verbal elements:

εἰσέλθετε εἰς ἀγορὰν δῶρα παρά γε τῶν ἀδικούντων ληφόμενοι

And then translate this sentence from the Aramaic and parse the verbal elements:

שלם מראן אלה שמיא ישאל שגיא בכל עדן

Both of these sentences were taken from beginning grammars. I would appreciate a direct response to these two requests, whether that means providing the answers or acknowledging that you are unable.

Moving on (I’m skipping over much of your concerns with Tom’s treatment of your claims), you claim Josephus saw three “acquaintances” (ἐγνώρισα) being crucified and arranged to have them released and treated. You nakedly assert that these “acquaintances” are “three leaders of the Jewish Revolt.” There is no basis whatsoever for this identification, it’s just something you’ve conjured out of thin air. The text says nothing about the prisoners being leaders of the revolt, and the fact that Josephus mentions them as acquaintances in no way suggests they were leaders. Josephus uses even more intimate language for all kinds of men, women, and children. As Steve Mason points out, Josephus finds 190 “friends” and “close friends” among people locked up in the temple in §419, as well as others on crosses near a village in §420. Authors in this period inflated their importance by multiplying their intimate associations. These are unquestionably not leaders of the Jewish revolt. Finally, even if we assume that these three people were leaders of the Jewish revolt, the notion that because “King Izas” was a leader of the revolt, he had to be one of these three is flagrantly fallacious. To call that notion “axiomatic” is utter nonsense.

You say one may not agree with the speculation, but “the comparison is legitimate.” This is simply false. The comparison is not legitimate in any sense of the word, nor do the rest of the stories match. You are forced in your effort to make these things align to fudge meaning, ignore details, and subjugate the contexts to your conclusion. It’s flagrant begging the question. Your concluding remarks about Tom’s neglect of the context and of the relevant primary texts is laughable, as you repeatedly ignore the context and the historical data in the interest of your naked assertions. You’re attempting to talk down to him and his methodologies, but you’ve yet to show a single instance of respect for professionalism or the standard methodologies of biblical studies, historiography, or anything related. Youre primary concern is quite clearly whatever methodology you naively believe will support your presuppositions.

Now, getting on to what I actually asked you to come here to address. You claim Caruso is ignorant of the “true” history that Josephus was hiding. You go on to state the following:

 you cannot apply the rules of grammar and syntax on sentences that were written as ‘in jokes’ for a privileged few.

This is the most ridiculous claim you’ve provided to date. Basically, you’re saying the standard exegetical and historical methodologies cannot hold in instances where you believe someone is masking the details in pseudonyms in a way that only the initiated will understand. In this way you attempt to insulate your argument from actual informed scholarship. No matter what anyone says, you just have to point out that they’re not initiated, and so no matter what they don’t know what’s going on. You are the sole arbiter of the truth, and the sole proprietor of the exegetical keys to the text. This is amateur nonsense. Obviously, the claim that an author is cryptically hiding details underneath the text requires quite clear and definitive evidence, yet you can provide none. The lynchpin for your entire claim is the notion that Josephus could not possibly have omitted Abgarus from his texts. You can provide nothing to support this claim except the strength of your own assertion. I’ve already addressed the fallacy of asserting an ancient historian had to have included this or that figure. The additional fallacy here is the argument by assertion. Your entire claim quite literally comes down to “because I say so.” You obviously can provide nothing beyond your own word. Josephus’ comment about Adiabene being “beyond the Euphrates” doesn’t support your argument in the least. It’s not a clue of anything. Adiabene was located beyond the Euphrates.

Your claim that Queen Helena of Adiabene was living in Edessa and married to Abgar, the king of Edessa, is equally without merit of any kind whatsoever. Numerous historians have addressed the separate identities of the rulers of Adiabene and Edessa, particularly because the two locales were so important to early Christian proselytizing. The confusion of historical figures in later histories is quite widespread in antiquity, including within Syriac sources like Moses of Chorene, whose testimony you so naively prioritize. You are now the one cherry-picking sources by ignoring what the chonologically much closer texts have to say in order to assert the accuracy of some writing 400 years later. Several other authors from that period conflated Helena of Adiabene with Helena, the mother of Constantine. Are you going to write another book claiming they’re all the same Helena?

You’ve also obviously not considered the contemporary concerns with the text of Moses’ history. The oldest extant manuscript comes from the 14th century, and it appears to be based on heavily edited editions from the 7th and 8th centuries. For instance, Moses refers to four different Armenias that were not established until Justinian I organized the provinces in the 6th century. Moses claims the Iranians advanced into Bithynia, but that didn’t happen until a war from the early 7th century CE. Moses has also been criticized precisely for conflating figures and altering historical texts in the interest of his rhetorical aims. Some scholars defend him, however, pointing out that that was how history was written back then. In short, your dependence upon a much later and very tendentious historian is misguided. The propping up of your entire thesis on the legitimacy of that historian’s claim is pseudo-history.

The worst methodological mistake you make throughout all of your texts, however, is your insistance on synthesizing select data from various different disparate sources, while dismissing data that conflict with your preconceptions. You refuse to acknowledge errors where errors are beyond doubt, while asserting errors where the texts are clearly accurate, all in an effort to manipulate the sources in the aid of your presuppositions. Then you bark about people not being in the know, and not understanding because they’re trying to do history instead of acknowledging that the truth is cryptically hidden underneath the surface of the text. This is pseudo-scholarship, pure and simple. You don’t really defend any of your claims, as far as I can tell, you just hide behind rhetorical contrarianism that amounts to little more than “Nu-uh!” I’ve yet to see you respond legitimately to a call for references or for argument. Most commonly, you just reassert your original thesis without further argument. And this despite the fact that you accuse others of not providing direct evidence, or not providing scholarly support. You ignore all the standards of historiography only to prop up asinine claims on your naked assertions. Your research contributes nothing to history or religious studies.

David Elkington Once Again on the Lead Codices

In a recent post on his Facebook group page, David Elkington has responded in a roundabout way to the charge that he deliberately altered the Peter Northover metallographic report to replace a judgment that the codices exhibited a property inconsistent with their putative provenance with a judgment that they exhibited a property perfectly consistent with that provenance. He states:

First, that error was first pointed out about six months ago. It shouldn’t have taken six months for Elkington to acknowledge the error and correct it. Second, it strains credulity to think that the one portion of the report that directly conflicted with Elkington’s broad claims would be conveniently, and accidentally, omitted, especially in light of his repeated appeal to the report’s corroboration of those claims. I discussed the possibility of haplography in the post linked to above (note my assumption was shown to be correct), but if you consider Elkington’s reticence for the last six months and the claim he made on his recent appearance on Coast to Coast that he simply doesn’t have the skills to forge a different report (which was never the charge), it seems highly unlikely this was an accident.

For discussion of the video shot months ago and recently added to Elkington’s Facebook page, see Steve Caruso’s The Aramaic Blog.

In Response to David Elkington

Short Video on Jordan Codices

Here is his transcription of this page:

The highlighted sentence reads:

Steve Caruso Beats Me to the Punch and More

Check out Steve’s new analysis of the texts of the Jordan Codices. I’ve been working on the same patterns, but Steve was quicker on the draw (this isn’t over, Steve). The use of a number of stamps has been suggested in the past based on the frequent repetition of the menorah, the two different styles of trees, etc. See also the two different versions of the “Christ” face:

But on the codex the head of the second horse from the right is longer and actually has a more vertical orientation compared to the other horse heads to its left and right. The horses’ knees are also not in line on the codex:

This is the fake used in the impression. The difference is pretty minute, but it is there:

The fake coin used to produce the profile of Alexander the Great with the lion’s skin has also been identified. Here’s an overlay of the copper codex image and the fake coin:

For those who want to go digging for a source, a page shared in Prof. Davies’ editorial reproduces a photo given him by David Elkington of a codex with the impression of a clearly modern coin/plaque of some kind. I know I have seen this face before before, but I cannot place it at the moment (it is presumably supposed to be Jesus). If anyone reading recognizes the man in the codex, please let us know:

Long ago I pointed to the very clear iconographic relationships shared by the copper codices and the lead codices. The exact tree image found on the copper codex is found on about a dozen different lead codices being promoted as genuine by Elkington, as well as the same lettering and ornamentation. More evidence for this has come forward, such as the Herodian symbol found on the codex Elkington himself is flaunting as a forgery. As Steve very perceptively notes in his new post, we have yet to see a photo of a codex that does not bear clear indications of forgery. If Elkington has genuine codices, he’s hiding them. Note also Steve’s comment about the hammering out of the images on the one codex from the Facebook page. This is especially important because Elkington claims on that page that there is no iconography on that side of the plate because it is the “back page.” This is rather transparent deception on the part of Mr. Elkington. There is more deception in his attribution of several texts on that page to “experts,” “third party journalists,” and “professors,” when the texts are very clearly written by Elkington himself (note phrases he uses repeatedly in his own writing, like “at the highest level,” “of ancient provenance,” and “meaning and/or interpretation”). He’s trying to build up some authority around his fraud, but it’s painfully transparent that he alone is responsible for all of it.

Finally, just today Elkington put a link on the Facebook page to a blog called Heavenly Ascents, by a friend of mine named David Larsen (PhD candidate at St. Andrews). I don’t think Elkington has read all David’s posts on the codices (he cites me and Peter Thonemann, for instance), but for now he recommends it as fair and balanced. That’s a step forward from deleting and barring all posters who challenge Elkington’s claims.

An Indication of Forgery on the Jordan Codices

More Dishonesty from Jordan Codices


Here's the blog post about the redesign: https://github.com/blog/1276-welcome-to-a-new-gist

Isn't that what this post is linked to?

Maybe somebody changed the link?

They did; it was originally just a link to a random Gist to show the new design.


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Aires de Pontevedra

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'Hannah Montana' Actor Goes On a 'Big Break'
'Hannah Montana' Actor Goes On a 'Big Break'
These Hannah Montana stars are going places, but Moises Arias is ready to take a break, Beethoven's Big Break, that is.  The actor, who plays the wily Rico in the Disney series, was chosen to play the role of Billy in the sixth installment of the Beethoven series.  The film may have already been released on DVD last year, but Arias' admits that he will always remember the entire experience.

The young celebrity said he truly enjoyed acting alongside the Saint Bernard who played the film's title role.  “We could play with him and push him around because he weighs like 150 pounds,” he said in an interview with Colorado's La Voz newspaper.  “I have two dogs and they weigh like 4 pounds.”

Despite having a great time on set, Moises Arias knew that it can also be tough to work with animal actors.  “When I watched the other ‘Beethoven' movies, I always wondered how they got the dog to do certain things,” he explained.  “Finally, I got to see how they train them.”

He might have found out the hard way, as he cites an example of his experience.  “[T]hey put baby food on me so he'd lick my face.”  On the film, Arias will be portraying the lead character's son.  As Billy, he finds that he's being followed by a dog as he walks on the street.  He takes him home to his father (Jonathan Silverman), an animal trainer struggling with his job and his life as a single dad.  They adopt the dog, and with the animal's penchant for Ludwig Van Beethoven's 5th Symphony, Billy names it Beethoven.

Even though he wasn't born during the time the first Beethoven film was released, Arias admits that he was more than excited to do Beethoven's Big Break.  “I watched a couple of the movies.  I was a big fan of the “Beethoven” movies because the dog did a lot of tricks.”

Moises Arias might have risen to fame in Hannah Montana, but he's also been spotted on a number of big screen hits as well.  He became known for appearing alongside comedian Jack Black in Nacho Libre, back in 2006.  He then moved on to projects for the Disney Channel, like the film Dadnapped in 2008.  Later on, he bagged a role in the baseball movie known as The Perfect Game, as well as reprised his role as Rico in Hannah Montana: The Movie.

-Maria Gonzalez, BuddyTV Staff Columnist
Source: Dogchannel.com, Extra News
(Image Courtesy of Universal Pictures)


Table of Contents

Handbook of Management and Creativity

Handbook of Management and Creativity

Elgar original reference

Edited by Chris Bilton and Stephen Cummings

Chapter 3: The curious case of the embedded creative: creative cultural occupations outside the creative industries

Greg Hearn and Ruth Bridgstock

Subjects: business and management, organisational innovation, organisation studies, strategic management, economics and finance, services, innovation and technology, organisational innovation

Few managers would dispute that creativity and innovation are important. However, what they mean by those terms would vary widely, and indeed, a survey of researchers and research studies examining creativity and innovation would confirm this diversity. For instance, proponents of the value of innovation laud creativity, but have tended to be biased towards scientific and technical invention and how this can be leveraged in new services and products. On the other hand, artistsí works are seen as evidence of creativity that comes through different forms of cultural expression, but here there has been less concern with translation into commercial outcomes (e.g., Smith-Bingham 2006). Over the last 15 years, the term ëcreative industriesí has gained currency as a descriptor of sectors that involve the deployment of specialised cultural creativity in industrialised form.

Further information


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Thread Starter

I have the following arrangement when playing to speakers and have a question concerning the volume settings.

PC-->[Optical]-->Meier Symphony DAC/AMP-->[analog]-->Sony A/V Receiver-->speakers

I have two volume controls and would like to know if the Meier Symphony DAC/AMP should be set at high and then adjust the receiver, or the receiver set at high and adjust the Symphony.

It seems that since the Meier Symphony AMP is better quality I should have the majority of power coming from it, yes?


My original White Netgear router is starting to make some odd noises, so it looks like it could be on its way out.

Now, I know that the T&Cs say that i have to use a Sky router.... but lets pretend that that T&C doesn't exist.

I'd like to replace it with one that has the following (in order or priority)

- wireless N (pref dual band)
- Gigabit
- intergrated print server

So, is there anything on the market that would fit the bill?


5 Superfoods For Super Healthy Living

by Sumdima Rai

Don’t you instantly think about Superman when you hear the word superfood? Ok, maybe I'm the only one. But, what's so special about these superfoods that they've acquired superhero status in today's food-obsessed culture?

Superfoods pack a powerful punch, providing antioxidants and essential nutrients that your body needs to prevent disease. Here are five superfoods you need to start including in your diet for a super healthy living.

1) Blueberries For Heart Health, Brain Health, Cancer Prevention & Insulin Response

Research suggests that natural compounds found in blueberries called polyphenols have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that reduce inflammation in chronic conditions such as heart disease and several types of cancer, including esophageal, lung, mouth, pharynx, endometric, pancreatic, prostate and colon. Blueberries also contain folate (folic acid in food), which plays a role in DNA synthesis and repair, thus playing a role in the prevention of formation of cancer cells from mutations in the DNA.

Rich in dietary fiber, blueberries lower blood glucose levels, improve blood sugar, and insulin levels in people with diabetes. Flavonoids in blueberries have been found to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and even improve short-term memory loss and mortar coordination.
Recommended Servings: ½ cup per day

2) Salmon For Bone Health, Heart Health & Cognitive Health
The fish contains proteins like calcitonin which helps in improving bone density by enhancing calcium uptake. Salmon is rich in omega 3-fatty acids which helps prevent heart disease by reducing inflammation and preventing your arteries from getting blocked. Omega-3 fatty acids in salmon also improve cognitive function along with protecting the brain from inflammation.
Recommended Servings: 2-3 per week

3) Soy For Cancer Prevention, Heart Health, Menopause, Bone Health & Digestive Health
Antioxidants present in soy neutralize free radicals. The high fiber content in soy can reduce risk for colon and colorectal cancer, since fiber eases digestion and lessens the strain on the gastrointestinal system. Fiber in soybeans also reduces cholesterol levels. The presence of fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic acid, in soy can help maintain appropriate blood pressure levels for a healthy heart. Fiber improves digestion by stimulating peristaltic motion—the contraction of the smooth muscles that pushes the food through your digestive system.

Isoflavones present in soy ease many symptoms of menopause like mood swings, hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Soy is rich in vitamins and mineral such as calcium, magnesium, copper, selenium, zinc, which promote osteogenesis that allows for new bone formations and speeds up the healing process of bones.
Recommended Servings: 1 cup of tofu per day

4) Strawberries For Heart Health, Cancer Prevention & Cognitive Health
Strawberries are being studied for their ability to suppress inflammation and reduce risk of hypertension by lowering LDL cholesterol. Anthocyanins, a certain sub class of flavonoid, dilates the arteries and counters the buildup of plaque as well as provide other cardiovascular health benefits.

Flavonoids also help reduce inflammation and play a vital role in improving cognitive health. Strawberries are also good sources of antioxidants, folic acid and vitamin C which help decrease risk of esophageal cancer.
Recommended Servings: Eight strawberries per day

5) Dark Chocolate For Heart Health, Cognitive Health & Insulin Response
A recent study found that dark chocolate helps restore flexibility to arteries while also preventing arteries from clogging. Consumption of cocoa can reduce LDL cholesterol, potentially lowering risks of heart disease.

Dark chocolate contains phenylethylamine(PEA), the same chemical that is released from your brain when you fall in love, thus uplifting the mood and reducing stress making it healthy for the brain. Dark chocolate has a low glycemic index (does not cause a spike in blood sugar levels). The flavonoids present in it reduce insulin resistance by helping your cells function normally and regain the ability to use insulin efficiently.
Recommended Servings: 1 ounce per day

Join The Conversation


Family remembers mother by restoring music to 85-year-old piano

Joel Lidstrom and the 1928 Steinway being donated by the Loveland family to Viterbo. ~ Clay Schuldt
~ Clay Schuldt

By Clay Schuldt

Caledonia Argus

There are endless ways to memorialize a loved one. Many families make donations in the individual’s honor. The Loveland family of La Crosse chose to remember their mother Barbara Holmes Loveland in a unique way, by donating her 1928 Steinway Grand Piano.  There was, however, a problem with the piano: It had been unserviceable for decades. Barbara’s daughter Carole Loveland Jones was aware the piano would need to be fixed before it could be donated and made a call to Joel Lidstrom.

Lidstrom has been a resident of the Caledonia area for years and restores Steinway grand pianos in his shop in Winnebago Township. Lidstrom cannot remember the exact number of pianos he has restored, but believes it is close to a 100. He began restoring pianos during his senior year of college at the University of Minnesota while working at Schmitt Music in Minneapolis. After graduating from college, Lidstrom moved to southeast Minnesota and continued the same work and soon began specializing in Steinways.

“Very quickly I saw that I only wanted to work on Steinways,” Lidstrom said. “Fortunately I have been successful enough that pianists took note.”

Lidstrom’s business is mainly advertised by word of mouth, but his work sells itself.  He recently completed work on the Loveland’s 1928 Steinway and now the 85-year-old instrument looks brand new.

The cabinet and basic structure of the Loveland piano is original even though it has been given a thorough cleaning and paint job. But the beauty of a Steinway is by no means skin deep. The interior of the instrument is made of hundreds individual parts set into a golden plate appropriately nicked named “the harp.”  The corner of the plate is branded with its manufacturing location: New York.

While the more famous Steinway manufactures are located in Germany, the Steinway Company started out in New York City in the mid-1800s by a German immigrant. The Hamburg facility was founded later.

There is a bit of a rivalry between New York and Hamburg made pianos.  “Younger artists like the aggressive sounds of the German instruments but usually come back to the ‘darker’ sound of the New York built instruments,” Lidstrom said. It is that sound that needed to be restored in the Loveland piano.

Lidstrom explained that the Loveland Steinway became unusable because of the high moisture content in the home it was kept. “All the pivot points in a piano contain a brass pin.  The idea, that in theory, it will not corrode like iron, but in long term it oxidizes,” Lidstrom said. Once the pins oxidized the hammers begin to stick and fail to strike the cords. Soon a beautiful piano is rendered silent.

One of the most time intensive parts of a restoration involve replacing and rebuilding the functional moving parts of the piano, including the keys, hammers and strings.

Many higher-end piano keys are made from bone or pre-ban ivory.  Ivory is produced from the tusks of elephants and rhinoceroses. In order to prevent illegal poaching of these animals, many countries block the import and export of ivory, making it hard to come by.  For this project Lidstrom uses plastic for the keys, but does use ebony for the dark keys, which is becoming a rarity as well

The process of restoring a Steinway grand piano may take as long as a year.  Lidstrom estimated that he puts 1,000 hours into each piano he restores and tends to limit his work to two pianos a year. His next project is a Steinway from Winona that was salvaged from a house fire.

The Loveland Steinway, now completed, will be donated to Viterbo University in La Crosse.  It was Lidstrom’s suggestion to donate the instrument to Viterbo, explaining that the college is committed to becoming an all-Steinway school. It will go into the Viterbo music department’s piano professor’s study.

Many institutions are strictly dedicated to Steinway instruments. “The quality of Steinway is head and shoulders above any other,” Lidstrom said. “Virtually all concert artists in the world are Steinway artists and they only play Steinway grand pianos.”

Though Lidstrom’s preference is for the older, hand-crafted instruments, he admits the modern piano has not changed much over the last hundred years. “You just can’t improve on it.  Mostly what is done now is figuring out ways of doing it cheaper and with less labor intensity, and it compromises the quality of the instrument.”

Like many items these days, pianos are frequently massed produced. There was a time when any individual working for the Steinway company could build a piano from the ground up, but now the production is process has become very specialized.

Restoring an old piano is often the best way to insure a quality product. In the case of the Loveland’s 1928 grand piano, the restoration has added several decades to its life.


combined magnitude

Quick Reference

The total brightness of two (or more) celestial objects, such as a close pair of stars that appear as one to the naked eye. Since the magnitude scale is logarithmic, the combined magnitude m is not simply the sum of the individual magnitudes m1 and m2, but must be found from the formula

m = m1 −2.5 log {1 + antilog[ −0.4 (m2m1)]}

For example, the combined magnitude of two stars each of magnitude 1 is 0.25.

Subjects: Astronomy and Astrophysics.

Reference entries


Port Of Brownsville goes "Hollywood"

      The Port of Brownsville transformed itself into a movie set complete with a production team and actors, in order to shoot an $18,000 dollar movie highlighting the port TMs ongoing efforts to increase security.

      The funds for production come from the $17 million in grant money awarded to the port since 2007, by the Department of Homeland Security.

      Port Spokesman Manuel Ortiz said that Following the 9/11 terroristic attacks, ports across the nation went on lock down.

      "Ports are a critical part of the nation's infrastructure and they're a critical part of general global trade and commerce, Ortiz said, that is a reason why security is so important."

      The Port of Brownsville ranks third in the nation in the import and export of steel, and nearly 90 percent of the liquid cargo, such as gas, that comes through the port is exported into Mexico.

      Any breach of security, officials said, could cause seriously damage the economy on a global scale.

      To avoid that, the Port of Brownsville implemented the Transportation Workers Identification Credential program " it was the first port in the nation to do so.

      "It's a program that grants access to individuals, after a detailed and lengthy background, check to access secured areas (around the port)."

      During the three day filming, actors - many of them port employees - staged scenarios such as a driver running the entry gates of the port without proper identification and an exercise in which a visitor sneaks into a restricted area.

      The finished product, officials said, will be used for educational security videos.

      Ortiz said it TMs a worthwhile production to help secure the port which is a multimillion dollar economic engine for the U.S. and other countries.

      "2011 was one of the strongest years that the Port of Brownsville has had in the past 10 years, Ortiz said. In terms of tonnage and in revenue, for example, we moved more than six million metric tons here at the port. We had a very strong year and that's significant given that it was a down economic year."


Writers like Fitzgerald, Nabokov and Wharton have all perfectly captured the beauty and corruption of the French Riviera. Jane Ciabattari explores its appeal.

The French Riviera, that dazzling Mediterranean coastline from St Tropez to the Italian border, has drawn many writers over the centuries, beginning with the Italian poets Dante and Petrarch. Somerset Maugham, who knew the Riviera intimately, called it “a sunny place for shady people.”

The chiaroscuro of the Côte d'Azur can be seen in the work of many authors who have enjoyed its sensuous pleasures and healthy sea air, including Robert Louis Stevenson, Anton Chekhov and Katherine Mansfield. Vladimir Nabokov gathered impressions for Lolita in Menton in 1937. “There was my Riviera love peering over at me over dark glasses,” Humbert Humbert muses upon meeting the nymphet. Graham Greene, who moved to Antibes in 1966, wrote a dozen books there, as well as a curious 1982 document, J'Accuse: The Dark Side of Nice, denouncing official corruption. But only a few writers have immortalised the region’s unique combination of radiance and shadow.

What is it about the actual place – and the novels set there – that gives us a sense of light and dark, of corruption and tragedy? In part, it’s the rarefied atmosphere –the sunny beach days that give way to an ever-spinning carousel of partying, cocktails and gambling. That’s the impression given by F Scott Fitzgerald, who captured the glory days and darker nights of the 1920s jazz age on the Riviera in his lyrical and tragic 1934 novel, Tender Is the Night. The narrative transports an expatriate American couple – Dr Dick Diver, a psychiatrist, and Nicole, his glamorous and unstable wife and patient – to Antibes, where a young starlet, Rosemary Hoyt, comes into their orbit.

Fitzgerald tracks the evolving love triangle over a period of years, beginning in 1925. His portrait of the Riviera as backdrop to a glittering international party with the Divers as hosts is gloriously written. Fitzgerald sets the scene by describing a “large, proud rose-colored hotel” with a dazzling beach: “In the early morning the distant image of Cannes, the pink and cream of early fortifications, and the purple Alp that bounded Italy, were cast across the water and lay quavering in the ripples and rings sent up by sea-plants through the clear shallows.”

Fitzgerald began the novel in 1925, when he and his gifted and troubled wife Zelda were soaking up the sun along the Cap d’Antibes, drawn there when Sara and Gerald Murphy inaugurated the Riviera’s summer season. (It had been a fashionable winter retreat for Russian and European aristocrats for several centuries.) The Murphys started visiting the Riviera regularly in the summer of 1923, according to Amanda Vaill, whose book Everybody Was So Young chronicles their love story and friendships with the writers and artists in their circle. The owner of the Hôtel du Cap in Antibes kept one wing of the hotel open for them. “The Fitzgeralds rented a villa in Valescure in 1924,”says Vaill. Gerald Murphy cleared the Garoupe beach (previously just a rocky, seaweedy place where fishermen left their boats) and made it a kind of playground. By 1925 the Murphys' art deco Villa America was remodeled and they were living in it and more and more people started arriving.” Their visitors, Vaill adds, included the Fitzgeralds, Hemingways and Archibald MacLeishes, Donald Ogden Stewart and the Gilbert Seldeses, Dorothy Parker, Robert Benchley, John Dos Passos, George S Kaufman, Harpo Marx, Rudolph Valentino, and sometimes Pablo Picasso and his wife Olga.

Like the Murphys, the fictional Divers convince a hotel owner to stay open after April, create a fabulously fashionable villa, and embark upon a glittering, seemingly endless international party. Dick Diver, “a fine man in a jockey cap and red striped tights,” regularly rakes stones from the sand. Rosemary asks Nicole, who wears a string of pearls with her bathing suit, “Do you like it here?” “They have to like it,” intrudes a friend. “They invented it.”

The idyll begins to dissolve when Nicole checks into a Geneva clinic run by her husband. Dick deteriorates; his drinking leads to the point where “he’s not received anywhere any more,” his professional life suffers and the marriage is lost. There were parallels in the lives of the Fitzgeralds and the Murphys, who were back in the US by the 1930s, caught in a downward spiral. Zelda was institutionalised. Scott’s alcoholism impeded his work and shortened his life. The Murphys’ two sons died young.  Gerald gave up his promising art career to take over the family business. But the dangerously seductive Riviera as portrayed in Fitgerald’s dazzling prose remained as a touchstone of the time.

Notes on a scandal

The mixture of high society and nouveau riche, nobility and arriviste, in Cannes, Nice and Monte Carlo in the 1890s was a fitting backdrop for Edith Wharton, who set a pivotal section in The House of Mirth there. Wharton didn’t write a novel of the Riviera; she conveyed her New York characters and their “little hothouse of traditions and conventions” to the Riviera, and contrasted its natural beauty with their glittering self-regard. Their social games and betrayals were set awhirl amidst the casinos and luxury restaurants.

Wharton’s Lily Bart flees a series of indiscretions in New York by sailing aboard a yacht owned by the Dorsets, a couple with a fraying marriage. Wharton describes Lily’s view from the deck: “Unclouded sunlight enveloped sea and shore in a bath of purest radiancy. The purpling waters drew a sharp white line of foam at the base of the shore; against its irregular eminences, hotels and villas flashed from the greyish verdure of olive and eucalyptus; and the background of bare and finely-pencilled mountains quivered in a pale intensity of light.”

It is an idyllic setting, but treachery lurks, “like the gleam of a knife in the dusk.” Bertha Dorset, who has begun an affair with a young poet, turns the spotlight on Lily, falsely accusing her of infidelity with her husband George. Lily’s former boyfriend, Lawrence Selden, hastens to warn her to leave the yacht so she is not caught in the middle of a marital spat, but she ignores him.

The showdown between Lily and Bertha comes after an elaborate dinner party at a Monte Carlo restaurant hosted by wealthy Americans for a Duchess whose favour they seek. Among the guests is a society columnist who has spread gossip about Lily and George. At the end of the evening, Bertha orders Lily not to return to the yacht. It’s the beginning of the end for Lily, who is ruined by the scandal.

Wharton’s own experience of the south of France was tranquil by contrast. Fourteen years after publishing The House of Mirth, Wharton began wintering in Hyères, in a less frenetic part of the Riviera. She bought the villa she called Sainte-Claire du Château for her summer residence in 1927, and devoted many years to creating its sublime subtropical garden.

On the waterfront

Somerset Maugham lived at Villa La Mauresque in Cap Ferrat for four decades, beginning in 1927 (he was among the 700 at the 1956 wedding of Grace Kelly to Prince Rainier in Monaco). But he wrote mostly of other locales. A key exception was his 1944 novel The Razor’s Edge, which highlights the Riviera’s decadent allure and includes vivid scenes just before and after the stock market crash of October 1929.

Maugham’s focus is, as usual, on the ebb and flow of high society. His autobiographical narrator follows six characters, including Elliott, a nouveau riche snob who settles in Antibes and entertains with magnificence.  “The shores of the Mediterranean were littered with royalties,” Maugham writes, “lured by the climate, or in exile, or escaping a scandalous past or unsuitable marriage.” Maugham follows Elliott through the Depression years and into the era when Hollywood “royalty” begins to gather, sharing wicked insights into Elliott’s descent down the social ladder over the years, until he announces on his deathbed, “I will not be buried on the Riviera among a lot of retired colonels and middle-class French people.” Through another character, Sophie, a heavy-drinking young woman drawn to “rough trade” and opium on the waterfront in Nice, Maugham captures the region’s famed temptations of the flesh.

And what of the region today? The once exclusive Riviera is now home to several million people and draws more than 11 million visitors each year.  It still provides a picturesque backdrop for the annual Cannes Film Festival. Say the word “Riviera,” and that magical and doomed  world Fitzgerald wrought comes immediately to mind. And it’s likely thanks to Fitzgerald, too, that many a literary pilgrim visits the blue coast with its sparkling days, its limpid nights with “fireflies riding on the dark air” and always, that sense of temptation on the wind.


What in the world is average speed?

By Gordana

We all know that Venus de Miles Bike Club is a fabulous and supportive biking community. The word is out, the club is growing, and weekend rides are offering choices of distance and speed. For example, a 25-mile route may have three groups, “one going at 12, one at 14, and one at 16+ mph average speed.” The goal of dividing riders into groups based on speed is to allow for a more enjoyable and coherent ride for everyone. If you are thinking to yourself: “what exactly do they mean by ’14 mph average speed’?” or, perhaps more pragmatically: “which group should I ride with?”, you are not alone! Read on for tips and definitions that will help you pick the best group for you.

First, some definitions:

1. Average speed, as measured by bike computers and similar devices, is a time-average, NOT a distance-average, of riding speed. For example, if a rider is climbing a 10-mile hill at 10 mph, it will take her an hour to reach the top. If she then descends that same hill at 20 mph, it will take her 30 minutes to reach the bottom. A reasonable person might expect that this rider’s average speed was 15 mph, but bike computers do not think like a reasonable person. The average speed that a computer would report is (1h*10mph+0.5h*20mph)/1.5h = 13 mph. In other words, slower riding “counts for more” in the average speed.

There are two important consequences of this definition: (a) average speed on a ride that includes a lot of climbing and descending is usually lower than the average speed on a flat ride. For example, a rider who achieves 15 mph average speed on a ride to and from Hygiene may average 13-14 mph on a ride to and from Jamestown; (b) because of coasting, slowing at traffic lights, etc, average speed is usually lower than the speed one rides on flats. For example, a rider who is breezing by at the speed of 18 mph on the flats may find her average speed for the ride to be 15 mph.

2.     For the purposes of the club rides, the designated speeds refer to the average speed a rider would achieve on a relatively flat ride, such as the route to Hygiene via country roads, with no drafting or severe winds. Depending on amount of climbing, wind conditions, whether there was a club happy hour the night before, and so on, the actual average speed achieved by a specific group can vary week to week, even if all the riders are the same. So the “14 mph” group may average 12 mph on a route with a long climb, and 15 mph on a flat ride with tailwind in every direction (hypothetical scenario; it has been scientifically proven that there are only two kinds of wind: headwind and sidewind), but they remain the “14 mph” group. As you can imagine, this is not an exact science, and sometimes a group will go faster or slower than expected. As the season progresses, riders get familiar with each other and the groups somewhat settle into a rhythm. Note that in club ride announcements the words “pace” and “average pace” are sometimes used interchangeably with “average speed.” It is worth reiterating that a group designated as “X mph” will be moving faster than X mph on the flats.

OK, now that we have the technicalities out of the way, here are some tips for joining the right group for you:

–       If you are not familiar with the club or not sure how fast you would like to ride, it is best to err on the side of going slower. If you find that your group is going much slower than you would like to go, you can always join a faster group next time. Many of us know from personal experience that chasing a fast group can be a great workout, but it may not be very fun! The weekend club rides are “no drop” meaning that nobody gets left behind. Group leads and sweeps normally have a way of handling mismatches in riding speed. However, in the interest of fairness, it is our responsibility as riders to try our best to pick wisely. If you do find yourself in over your head, it is not the end of the world. Most of us have been there! Let your sweep know that you’re having a hard time keeping up, and she will devise a plan.

 –       If you would like to calibrate yourself to the “club average speed scale,” you can use a bike computer, GPS device, or a smartphone tracking app (e.g., Cyclemeter) to measure your average speed on a relatively flat ride (such as this Hygiene ride or this 16 mile route) under “normal” conditions (no drafting or severe wind). This is not a NIST-certified, 100%-guaranteed calibration, but it provides a great guideline. Your resulting average speed is most likely similar to the average speed designation of the group where you’d be happiest, unless you feel like taking it easy or challenging yourself extra hard that particular day.

Final notes: The club has grown tremendously, and it is always going to be a challenge to balance the need for manageably sized groups with the need for trained leaders and sweeps. For the club rides, it is helpful to be somewhat flexible about riding speed and go with the flow. The leaders do their best to set the right pace, but remember that they are human and are volunteers. So, above else, remember the two most important club rules: RIDE SAFELY and HAVE FUN!


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Old April 2nd, 2010, 04:51 PM
Status: Offline
Hookah Newbie
Join Date: Oct 2008
Posts: 7

I understand not being allowed to mention a sale or even a new product. But if someone complains of bad customer service or a troublesome transaction with a random vendor, and they want a recommendation for someone who I have never ever had a problematic order with.... I will say John.

Not allowing him to post, or the mention of his sales is justifiable due to the rules which are in place, and the warnings that were given.

BUT ignoring him as if he didn't exist is a GREAT DISSERVICE to the hookah community, especially new hookah enthusiasts. It would be like if Eric from tangiers was banned. Not talking about using phunnel bowls, or tangiers tobacco would be outright ridiculous. It would be a disservice to the community and to those wanting to get the best experience possible out of the hobby.

*I understand HJ is a vendor, so it is not apples to apples, but you get the picture.

Just my opinion... much love to all of HP, and RIP to HJ account. I hope hj thrives and continues to grow, just as I hope this community does as well.


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ecosystems and biome

Ecosystems All living things plants and animals- and the nonliving things in a place.
Abiotic Non-living parts of an ecosystem (sunlight, water, climate, soil)
Biotic Living organisms in an ecosystem
Population All members of one species that live together in a place at the same time.
Community All populations living together in a certain area
Habitat Place and surroundings where an organism normally lives or environment in which an organism lives.
Species Group of similar organisms whose members can mate among themselves and produce fertile offspring.
Limiting Factors A factor that prevents the continuing growth of a population. (food, shelter, space)
Carrying Capacity Maximum size a population can reach in an ecosystem
Niche The role an organism plays in its environment.
Tropical Rain Forest Home to more species than all other biomes combined. The leafy tops of tall trees, extending from 50 to 80 meters above the forest floor, form a dense covering called a canopy. In the shade below the canopy, a second layer of shorter trees and vines forms
Tropical Savanna Receiving more seasonal rainfall than deserts but less than forests, tropical savannas are spotted with isolated trees and shrubs.
Desert Dry, desert biome is defined as having annual precipitation of less than 25 centimeters. Many undergo extreme temperature cahnges during the course of the day, alternating between hot and cold.
Temperate Grassland Rich mix of grasses and under laid by some of the world's most fertile soils, temperate grasslands, such as plains and prairies.
Temperate Forest Mixture of deciduous and coniferous trees, or conifers produce seed bearing cones, and most have leavesshaped like needles. Have cold winters that halt plant growth for several months.
Coniferous Forest Mild, moist air from the Pacific Ocean provides abundant rainfall to this biome. The forest is made up of a variety of conifers, ranging from giant redwoods along the coast of Northern Cali to spruce, fir, and hemlock farther North.
Tundra Permafrost, a layer of permentaly frozen sunsoil. During the short, cool summer, the ground thaws to a depth of a few centimeters and becomes soggy and wet. In winter, the topsoil freezes again.
Taiga Along the Northern edge of the temperate zone are dense evergreen forests of coniferous trees. These biomes are called boreal forests or taiga. Winter are bitterly cold, but summers are mild and long enough to allow the ground to thaw.
BIOSPHERE Refers to all life on Earth
BIOMES Large geographical area Distinct plant and animal groups Adapted to particular environment Climate and geography of region determine
SALTWATER BIOME Oceans and bodies of water containing salt
FRESHWATER BIOME Rivers, Streams and Lakes
Biodiversity the variety of life on earth, reflected in the variety of ecosystems and species, their processes and interactions and the genetic variation within and among species.
extinct a species that no longer exists
genetic diversity the genetic variation present in a population or species
habitat loss the destruction, degradation, and fragmentation of habitats; primary cause of biodiversity loss
introduced species and organisms that has been brought into an area where it does not occur naturally.
invasive species an organism that has been brought into or spread into an area where it does not occur naturally
native species a species that occurs naturally in an area or habitat
sustainable How biological systems remain diverse, productive and balanced over time
trait a genetic feature or characteristic, such as hair color or blood type, that may be passed on from one generation to the next
migration the movement of animals in response to seasonal changes or changes in the food supply
Succession Natural, gradual changes in the organisms living in an area
Primary Succession Succession that begins without soil. The first time succession happens. After lava hardens or a flood has washed away all the soil and left bare rock.
Secondary Succession Succession that happens when soil is already present. After forest fires and floods where soil is left, and a field
Climax Community Nature's "happy place". When nature is at a stable, balanced equilibrium.
Pioneer Species The first species to settle an area. If no soil present, must be lichens or moss
Created by: KallyEvans


Mental illness and well-being: The central importance of positive psychology and recovery approaches

Article (PDF Available)inBMC Health Services Research 10(1):26 · January 2010with73 Reads
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-26 · Source: PubMed
A new evidence base is emerging, which focuses on well-being. This makes it possible for health services to orientate around promoting well-being as well as treating illness, and so to make a reality of the long-standing rhetoric that health is more than the absence of illness. The aim of this paper is to support the re-orientation of health services around promoting well-being. Mental health services are used as an example to illustrate the new knowledge skills which will be needed by health professionals. New forms of evidence give a triangulated understanding about the promotion of well-being in mental health services. The academic discipline of positive psychology is developing evidence-based interventions to improve well-being. This complements the results emerging from synthesising narratives about recovery from mental illness, which provide ecologically valid insights into the processes by which people experiencing mental illness can develop a purposeful and meaningful life. The implications for health professionals are explored. In relation to working with individuals, more emphasis on the person's own goals and strengths will be needed, with integration of interventions which promote well-being into routine clinical practice. In addition, a more societally-focussed role for professionals is envisaged, in which a central part of the job is to influence local and national policies and practices that impact on well-being. If health services are to give primacy to increasing well-being, rather than to treating illness, then health workers need new approaches to working with individuals. For mental health services, this will involve the incorporation of emerging knowledge from recovery and from positive psychology into education and training for all mental health professionals, and changes to some long-established working practices.

Full-text (PDF)

Available from: PubMed Central · License: CC BY
    • "This can be contrasted with 'clinical recovery' that emphasises 'the invariant importance of symptomatology, social functioning, relapse prevention and risk management' [25] (p.1). It is claimed that the emphasis that the RA places on exploring individuals' own goals and strengths is advantageous for promoting subjective wellbeing [25]. Although the RA has done much to highlight the importance of the subjective meaning that individuals may take from their mental health difficulties, a number of concerns have been raised about potential limitations associated with the approach. "
    [Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Concerted efforts have been made in recent years to achieve equity and equality in mental health for all people across the globe. This has led to the emergence of Global Mental Health as an area of study and practice. The momentum that this has created has contributed to the development, implementation and evaluation of services for priority mental disorders in many low- and middle-income countries. This paper discusses two related issues that may be serving to limit the success of mental health initiatives across the globe, and proposes potential solutions to these issues. First, there has been a lack of sophistication in determining what constitutes a ‘good outcome’ for people experiencing mental health difficulties. Even though health is defined and understood as a state of ‘wellbeing’ and not merely an absence of illness, mental health interventions tend to narrowly focus on reducing symptoms of mental illness. The need to also focus more broadly on enhancing subjective wellbeing is highlighted. The second limitation relates to the lack of an overarching theoretical framework guiding efforts to reduce inequalities and inequities in mental health across the globe. This paper discusses the potential impact that the Capabilities Approach (CA) could have for addressing both of these issues. As a framework for human development, the CA places emphasis on promoting wellbeing through enabling people to realise their capabilities and engage in behaviours that they subjectively value. The utilization of the CA to guide the development and implementation of mental health interventions can help Global Mental Health initiatives to identify sources of social inequality and structural violence that may impede freedom and individuals’ opportunities to realise their capabilities.
    Full-text · Article · Dec 2016
    • "The first is the experience of restoration from mental illness symptoms; the second is the experience of optimization of positive mental health. The first indicator mostly pertains to the clinical recovery approach, while the second mostly relates to themes from the personal recovery approach (Slade, 2010). Positive mental health is defined as a syndrome composed of several manifestations of well-being (Keyes, 2002), at the emotional (e.g., interest, satisfaction), psychological (e.g., purpose in life, personal growth), and social levels (e.g., social contribution, social integration). "
    [Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Context: A shift toward person-centered care has been occurring in services provided to people with mood and anxiety disorders. Recovery is recognized as encompassing personal aspects in addition to clinical ones. Guidelines now recommend supporting people's engagement in self-management as a complementary recovery avenue. Yet the literature lacks evidence on how individualized combinations of self-management strategies used by people relate to their clinical and personal recovery indicators. Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify profiles underlying mental health recovery, describe the characteristics of participants corresponding to each profile, and examine the associations of profiles with criterion variables. Method: 149 people recovering from anxiety, depressive, or bipolar disorders completed questionnaires on self-management, clinical recovery (symptom severity), personal recovery (positive mental health), and criterion variables (personal goal appraisal, social participation, self-care abilities, coping). Results: Latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed three profiles. The Floundering profile included participants who rarely used self-management strategies and had moderately severe symptoms and the lowest positive mental health. The Flourishing profile was characterized by frequent use of self-empowerment strategies, the least severe symptoms, and the highest positive mental health. Participants in the Struggling profile engaged actively in several self-management strategies focused on symptom reduction and healthy lifestyle. They concomitantly reported high symptom severity and moderately high positive mental health. The study revealed that Floundering was associated with higher probabilities of being a man, being single, and having a low income. People in the Flourishing profile had the most favorable scores on criterion variables, supporting the profiles' construct validity. Discussion: The mixed portrait of Struggling participants on recovery indicators suggests the relationship between health engagement and recovery is more intricate than anticipated. Practitioners should strive for a holistic understanding of their clients' self-management strategies and recovery indicators to provide support personalized to their profile. While people presenting risk factors would benefit from person-centered support, societal efforts are needed in the long term to reduce global health inequalities. The integration of constructs from diverse fields (patient-centered care, chronic illness, positive psychology) and the use of person-oriented analysis yielded new insights into people's engagement in their health and well-being.
    Full-text · Article · Apr 2016
    • "Angell (2014) suggests that thinking about resilience can be traced back at least to Freud and his successors in their thinking about adaptation to stress; and it is the case that there are many overlaps with ideas such as existential psychology and 'will to meaning' (Frankl 1959), hardiness (Kobasa 1982), post-traumatic growth (Tedeschi 2004; Joseph 2012), recovery in mental health (Velleman 2007b; Slade 2010) and positive psychology (Seligman 2011). Furthermore, others are considering resilience in many areas of study, such as in those at suicide risk (Johnson 2011) and those experiencing mental health issues (Southwick 2011). "
    [Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: We review how research over the past decade both supports existing knowledge about the risk factors that children in the UK affected by parental substance misuse face, and adds to our knowledge about the protective factors, protective processes and evidence of resilience which can reduce the likelihood that children will experience poor outcomes. Further research is needed to understand what areas of resilience are most important to target and how other variables, such as gender or age, may influence how protective factors affect the development of resilience. Longitudinal research is also needed to better understand how an individual's resilience may change over time. Finally, there remain many considerable challenges which practitioners, service providers, commissioners and policy makers face in better meeting the needs of this population of children.
    Full-text · Article · Mar 2016
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The REPERE Challenge aims to support research on people recognition in multimodal conditions. To assess the technology progression, annual evaluation campaigns will be organized from 2012 to 2014. In this context, the REPERE corpus, a French videos corpus with multimodal annotation, has been developed. This paper presents datasets collected for the dry run(More)
Within the framework of the construction of a fact database, we defined guidelines to extract named entities, using a taxonomy based on an extension of the usual named entities definition. We thus defined new types of entities with broader coverage including substantive-based expressions. These extended named entities are hierarchical (with types and(More)
The evaluation of named entity recognition (NER) methods is an active field of research. This includes the recognition of named entities in speech transcripts. Evaluating NER systems on automatic speech recognition (ASR) output whereas human reference annotation was prepared on clean manual transcripts raises difficult alignment issues. These issues are(More)
In the QA and information retrieval domains progress has been assessed via evaluation campaigns(Clef, Ntcir, Equer, Trec).In these evaluations, the systems handle independent questions and should provide one answer to each question, extracted from textual data, for both open domain and restricted domain. Quaero is a program promoting research and industrial(More)
The Quaero program that promotes research and industrial innovation on technologies for automatic analysis and classification of multi-media and multilingual documents. Within its context a set of evaluations of Named Entity recognition systems was held in 2009. Four tasks were defined. The first two concerned traditional named entities in French broadcast(More)
Within the framework of the Quaero project, we proposed a new definition of named entities, based upon an extension of the coverage of named entities as well as the structure of those named entities. In this new definition, the extended named entities we proposed are both hierarchical and compositional. In this paper, we focused on the annotation of a(More)
RÉSUMÉ Le défi REPERE a pour objectif d'encourager les recherches et le développement de technologies dans le domaine de la reconnaissance des personnes par des indices multimodaux. Afin d'estimer la progression des solutions proposées, des campagnes annuelles d'évaluation autour de la reconnaissance multimodale des personnes sont organisées entre 2012 et(More)


Patient Pathway Coordinator

Tate are currently working in partnership with an NHS Trust based in the Southampton, we are looking for a Patient Pathway Coordinator to work on a full time, ongoing basis.
As a Patient Pathway Coordinator, you will be responsible for:
- Tracking notes, filing, scanning, finalising letters on e-docs or eCaMIS, posting of letters, sorting post, dating and distributing post
- Co-ordinate, monitor and initiate appropriate changes within administrative processes along the patient pathway to ensure the patient's journey is managed efficiently, smoothly and in accordance with targets and agreed timescales.
- Ensure patient information is maintained and updated on the appropriate patient information system (eCaMIS, EOPS, e-Docs)


What is a Constable?

“Grass Roots Law Enforcement”

Constables date back to the Roman Empire as one of the oldest positions of law enforcement. From early frontier days to the 21st Century, the Arkansas Constable has stood trained and ready to protect the peace. Township Constables deal with disturbances, emergencies, violation of the law, fire and rescue operations, weather crisis, and citizen calls for help. Arkansas Constables are voluntary, Constitutionally-elected peace officers who are uniformed, equipped and trained to State statute and standards. They constitute a significant law enforcement presence in our counties.

According to the Arkansas State Constitution, a constable is an officer of the township in the county in which he/she has been elected. Constables serve under the executive branch of government, along with other elected officers including the State Treasurer, Secretary of State, County Sheriffs, County Coroners, and all State Militia officers.

Each township within the state is authorized to have a constable. There are approximately 1400 townships in Arkansas, but only about 700 constables. It is believed this shortage has resulted from a lack of understanding by the electorate and various county governments as to the benefits of law enforcement at the grass roots level.

The constable has the broad, primary responsibility of ensuring that the laws of the County, State, and Country are faithfully executed. Willing men and women who feel called to serve may be elected for two-year terms by the voters of the township in which he or she lives.

While constables are required to perform many of the same duties as other law enforcement officers, they do not receive compensation or monies for expenses. They are required to provide their own uniforms, equipment, and transportation.

Truly, being a constable is a labor of love. Love for one’s neighbors and community. Arkansas Constables are dedicated, hard-working citizens who desire justice and peace through service to others.

If you have questions about Constables contact your local constable. If you need to know who your local Constable is, your County Clerk has that contact information.


Pronunciation of Continental

English Meaning

Of or pertaining to a continent.

  2. Of or relating to the mainland of Europe; European.
  3. Of or relating to the American colonies during and immediately after the American Revolution.
  4. Used as an intensive: "Blaine, Blaine, James G. Blaine,/The continental liar from the state of Maine.” ( Grover Cleveland).
  5. An inhabitant of a continent.
  6. An inhabitant of the mainland of Europe; a European.
  7. A native of the continental United States living or working in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands.
  8. A soldier in the American army during the American Revolution.
  9. A piece of paper money issued by the Continental Congress during the American Revolution.

Malayalam Meaning

 Transliteration ON/OFF | Not Correct/Proper?

അടുത്തുള്ള - Aduththulla | Aduthulla ;ഭൂഖണ്‌ഡപരമായ - Bhookhandaparamaaya | Bhookhandaparamaya ;സമീപം - Sameepam ; ;

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NOTE: It is expected that you have studied this topic in High School Biology. This subject may not be covered in the lectures, but you are responsible for all of the information in these notes because it is important background for topics in this course, suchas muscle cell physiology (Chapter 7). Please be familiar with this material before we reach those topics in lecture. Pay special attention to bold and underlined terms.

Cellular respiration is the enzymatic breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce cellular energy (ATP):

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ® 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP

1. Glycolysis: (Fig. 18-2)

  • a ten-step process that occurs in the cytoplasm
  • an anaerobic process - proceeds whether or not O2 is present ; O2 is not required
  • net yield of 2 ATP per glucose molecule

The pyruvic acid diffuses into the inner compartment of the mitochondrion where a transition reaction (Fig. 18-3) occurs that serves to prepare pyruvic acid for entry into the next stage of respiration:

(b) acetic acid + co-enzyme A ® acetyl CoA

2. Citric Acid or TCA Cycle: (Fig. 18-3)

  • occurs in the inner mitochondrial matrix

  • the acetyl group detaches from the co-enzyme A and enters the reaction cycle

  • an aerobic process; will proceed only in the presence of O2

  • in this stage of cellular respiration, the oxidation of glucose to CO2 is completed

3. Electron Transport System:

  • consists of a series of enzymes on the inner mitochondrial membrane
  • net yield of 34 ATP per glucose molecule

The above notes describe the process of carbohydrate (glucose) catabolism for the production of ATP. When glucose is in adequate supply, such as shortly after consumption of a meal, the hormone insulin from the pancreas increases glycogen formation (glycogenesis) in the liver. When glucose levels drop between meals, the hormone glucagon is released from the pancreas and stimulates the conversion of glycogen into glucose (by the process of glycogenolysis). If all glycogen supplies are depleted, then other substances in the body are converted into glucose or intermediate products that can enter the above-outlined cellular respiration pathway. The conversion of fatty acids (from lipids) or amino acids (from proteins) into glucose or intermediate products is called gluconeogenesis (p. 500).

Fats (lipids) are stored in adipose tissue. These stored fat molecules are synthesized in the body from the breakdown products of fat digestion (glycerol and fatty acids), in a process known as lipogenesis (p. 501). When needed as an energy source, the fat reserves are mobilized, moved out of adipose tissue, and broken down into glycerol and fatty acids in the liver by the process of lipolysis. Glycerol is changed into one of the intermediate products of glycolysis, so enters the cell respiration pathway. Fatty acids are changed in a series of reactions called beta-oxidation into acetyl CoA molecules, which enter cell metabolism at the Kreb's Cycle. When fats are being used as the primary energy source such as in starvation, fasting or untreated diabetes, an excess amount of acetyl CoA is produced, and is converted into acetone and ketone bodies. This produces the sweet smell of acetone on the breath, noticeable in a diabetic state.

Proteins are used as an energy source only if protein intake is high, or if glucose and fat sources are depleted, in which case amino acids from protein breakdown are converted into molecules that can enter the TCA Cycle. These molecules are produced by either of two categories of reactions that alter the structure of amino acids. Transamination transfers an amino group (NH2) from one amino acid to another, whereas deamination removes an amino group from an amino acid. As they accumulate, the amino groups removed by the process of deamination are altered to form a harmful waste product (ammonia), so are converted by the liver into urea which is excreted by the kidneys.


How do I write the complete contents of a DataGrid that consists of data from a database table, variables and user input (textboxes) into a new (or existing) table in my SQLServer database? If you need my code to answer this question please tell me and I provide it. Thanks for your help. Liz