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Joel Chapter 2

joe 2:0

The prophet sounds the alarm of a dreadful calamity, the description of which is most terribly worked up, Joe 2:1-11. Exhortation to repentance, fasting, and prayer, that the Divine judgments may be averted, Joe 2:12-17. God will in due time take vengeance on all the enemies of pure and undefiled religion, Joe 2:18-20. Great prosperity of the Jews subsequent to their return from the Babylonish captivity, Joe 2:21-27. Joel then makes an elegant transition to the outpouring of the Holy Ghost on the day of Pentecost, Joe 2:28-30; for so these verses are explained by one of the twelve apostles of the Lamb. See Act 2:16-21. Prophecy concerning the destruction of Jerusalem, which was shortly to follow the opening of the Gospel dispensation, Act 2:31. Promises of safety to the faithful and penitent; promises afterwards remarkably fulfilled to the Christians in their escape to Pella from the desolating sword of the Roman army, Act 2:32.

Joel 2:1

joe 2:1

Blow ye the trumpet in Zion - This verse also shows that the temple was still standing. All assemblies of the people were collected by the sound of the trumpet.

The day of the Lord cometh - This phrase generally means a day of judgment or punishment.

Joel 2:2

joe 2:2

A day of darkness, etc - The depredations of the locusts are described from the second to the eleventh verse, and their destruction in the twentieth. Dr. Shaw, who saw locusts in Barbary in 1724 and 1725, thus describes them: -

"I never observed the mantes, bald locusts, to be gregarious. But the locusts, properly so called, which are so frequently mentioned by sacred as well as profane writers, are sometimes so beyond expression. Those which I saw in 1724 and 1725 were much bigger than our common grasshopper; and had brown spotted wings, with legs and bodies of a bright yellow. Their first appearance was toward the latter end of March, the wind having been for some time south. In the middle of April their numbers were so vastly increased that, in the heat of the day, they formed themselves into large and numerous swarms; flew in the air like a succession of clouds; and, as the prophet Joel expresses it, (Joe 2:10) they darkened the sun. When the wind blew briskly, so that these swarms were crowded by others, or thrown one upon another, we had a lively idea of that comparison of the psalmist, (Psa 109:23), of being 'tossed up and down as the locust.' In the month of May, when the ovaries of those insects were ripe and turgid, each of these swarms began gradually to disappear; and retired into the Mettijiah, and other adjacent plains, where they deposited their eggs. These were no sooner hatched in June, than each of these broods collected itself into a compact body of a furlong or more in square; and, marching immediately forward in the direction of the sea, they let nothing escape them; eating up every thing that was green and juicy, not only the lesser kinds of vegetables, but the vine likewise; the fig tree, the pomegranate, the palm, and the apple tree, even all the trees of the field, Joe 1:12; in doing which they kept their ranks like men of war; climbing over, as they advanced, every tree or wall that was in their way. Nay, they entered into our very houses and bedchambers, like so many thieves. The inhabitants, to stop their progress, made a variety of pits and trenches all over their fields and gardens, which they filled with water; or else they heaped up in them heath, stubble, and such like combustible matter, which were severally set on fire upon the approach of the locusts. But this was all to no purpose, for the trenches were quickly filled up, and the fires extinguished, by infinite swarms succeeding one another; while the front was regardless of danger, and the rear pressed on so close, that a retreat was altogether impossible. A day or two after one of these broods was in motion, others were already hatched to march and glean after them; gnawing off the very bark, and the young branches, of such trees as had before escaped with the loss only of their fruit and foliage. So justly have they been compared by the prophet Joel (Joe 2:3) to a great army; who further observes, that 'the land is as the garden of Eden before them and behind them a desolate wilderness.'

"Having lived near a month in this manner (like a μυριοστομον ξιφος, or sword with ten thousand edges, to which they have been compared), upon the ruin and destruction of every vegetable substance which came in their way, they arrived at their full growth, and threw old their nympha state by casting their outward skin. To prepare themselves for this change, they clung by their hinder feet to some bush, twig, or corner of a stone; and immediately, by using an undulating motion, their heads would first break out, and then the rest of their bodies. The whole transformation was performed in seven or eight minutes, after which they lay for a short time in a torpid and seemingly languishing condition; but as soon ad the sun and air had hardened their wings, by drying up the moisture which remained upon them, after casting their sloughs, they reassumed their former voracity, with an addition both of strength and agility. Yet they did not continue long in this state before they were entirely dispersed, as their parents were before, after they had laid their eggs; and as the direction of the marches and flights of them both was always to the northward, and not having strength, as they have sometimes had, to reach the opposite shores of Italy France, or Spain, it is probable they perished in the sea, a grave which, according to these people, they have in common with other winged creatures." - Travels, 4to. edition pp. 187, 188.

A day of darkness - They sometimes obscure the sun. And Thuanus observes of an immense crowd, that "they darkened the sun at mid-day."

As the morning spread upon the mountains - They appeared suddenly: as the sun, in rising behind the mountains, shoots his rays over them. Adanson, in his voyage to Senegal, says: "Suddenly there came over our heads a thick cloud which darkened the air, and deprived us or the rays of the sun. We soon found that it was owing to a cloud of locusts." Some clouds of them are said to have darkened the sun for a mile, and others for the space of twelve miles! See the note on Joe 2:10 (note).

Joel 2:3

joe 2:3

A fire devoureth before them - They consume like a general conflagration. "They destroy the ground, not only for the time, but burn trees for two years after." Sir Hans Sloane, Nat. Hist. of Jamaica, vol. i., p. 29.

Behind them a flame burneth - "Wherever they feed," says Ludolf, in his History of Ethiopia, "their leavings seem as if parched with fire."

Nothing shall escape them - "After devouring the herbage," says Adanson, "with the fruits and leaves of trees, they attacked even the buds and the very bark; they did not so much as spare the reeds with which the huts were thatched."

Joel 2:4

joe 2:4

The appearance of horses - The head of the locust is remarkably like that of the horse; and so Ray on Insects describes them: Caput oblongum, equi instar, prona spectans - "They have an oblong head, like to that of a horse, bending downward." On this account the Italians call them cavaletta, cavalry. Bochart remarks, from an Arabic writer, that the locusts resemble ten different kinds of animals:

1. The Horse in its head.

2. The Elephant in its eyes.

3. The Bull in its neck.

4. The Stag in its horns.

5. The Lion in its breast.

6. The Scorpion in its belly.

7. The Eagle in its wings.

8. The Camel in its thighs.

9. The Ostrich in its feet. And

10. The Serpent in its tail.

Vid. Hieroz., vol. ii., p. 475, edit. 1692.

But its most prominent resemblance is to the horse, which the prophet mentions; and which the Arabic writer puts in the first place, as being the chief.

Joel 2:5

joe 2:5

Like the noise of chariots - Bochart also remarks: -

"The locusts fly with a great noise, so as to be heard six miles off, and while they are eating the fruits of the earth, the sound of them is like that of a flame driven by the wind."

Ibid., p. 478.

Joel 2:6

joe 2:6

All faces shall gather blackness - Universal mourning shall take place, because they know that such a plague is irresistible.

Joel 2:7

joe 2:7

Like mighty men - like men of war (and as horsemen, Joe 2:4) - The prophet does not say they are such, but they resemble. They are locusts; but in their operations they are Like the above.

They shall not break their ranks - See the account on Joe 2:2, from Dr. Shaw.

Joel 2:8

joe 2:8

They shall not be wounded - They have hard scales like a coat of mail; but the expression refers to the utter uselessness of all means to prevent their depredations. See Shaw's account above.

Joel 2:10

joe 2:10

The earth shall quake - the heavens shall tremble - Poetical expressions, to point out universal consternation and distress. The earth quaked to see itself deprived of its verdure; the heavens trembled to find themselves deprived of their light.

The sun and the moon shall be dark - Bochart relates that "their multitude is sometimes so immense as to obscure the heavens for the space of twelve miles!" - Ibid. p. 479.

Joel 2:11

joe 2:11

The Lord shall utter his voice - Such a mighty force seems as if summoned by the Almighty, and the noise they make in coming announces their approach, while yet afar off.

Joel 2:12

joe 2:12

Turn ye even to me - Three means of turning are recommended: Fasting, weeping, mourning, i.e., continued sorrow.

Joel 2:13

joe 2:13

Rend your heart - Let it not be merely a rending of your garments, but let your hearts be truly contrite. Merely external worship and hypocritical pretensions will only increase the evil, and cause God to meet you with heavier judgments.

For he is gracious - Good and benevolent in his own nature.

Merciful - Pitying and forgiving, as the effect of goodness and benevolence.

Slow to anger - He is not easily provoked to punish, because he is gracious and merciful.

Of great kindness - Exuberant goodness to all them that return to him.

And repenteth him of the evil - Is ever ready to change his purpose to destroy, when he finds the culprit willing to be saved. See the notes on Exo 34:6, Exo 34:7.

Joel 2:14

joe 2:14

Who knoweth if he will return - He may yet interpose and turn aside the calamity threatened, and so far preserve the land from these ravagers, that there will be food for men and cattle, and a sufficiency of offerings for the temple service. Therefore: -

Joel 2:15

joe 2:15

Blow the trumpet - Let no time be lost, let the alarm be sounded.

Joel 2:16

joe 2:16

Gather the children - Let all share in the humiliation, for all must feel the judgment, should it come. Let no state nor condition among the people be exempted. The elders, the young persons, the infants, the bridegroom, and the bride; let all leave their houses, and go to the temple of God.

Joel 2:17

joe 2:17

Let the priests - weep between the porch and the altar - The altar of burnt-offerings stood before the porch of the temple, Ch2 8:12, and between them there was an open space of fifteen or twenty cubits. It was there that the priests prostrated themselves on such occasions. It was into this place that the priests brought the sacrifice or victim of atonement; and where the high priest laid his hands on the head of the victim confessing his sins.

Let them say - The following was the form to be used on this occasion, "Spare thy people," etc. And if this be done with a rent heart, etc., "then will the Lord be jealous for his land, and pity his people," Ch2 8:18. He will surely save, if ye seriously return to and penitently seek him.

Joel 2:19

joe 2:19

Yea, the Lord will answer - It is not a peradventure; it will surely be done; if ye seek God as commanded, ye will find him as promised.

I will send you corn and wine - He will either prevent the total ravaging of the land, or so bless it with extraordinary vegetable strength, that ye shall have plentiful crops.

Joel 2:20

joe 2:20

Joel 2:21

joe 2:21

Fear not - for the Lord will do great things - The words are repeated from the preceding verse; Jehovah will do great things in driving them away, and supernaturally restoring the land to fertility.

Joel 2:23

joe 2:23

The former rain moderately - המורה לצדקה hammoreh litsedakah, "the former rain in righteousness," that is, in due time and in just proportion. This rain fell after autumn, the other in spring. See Hos 6:3.

In the first month - בראשון barishon, "as aforetime." So Bp. Newcome. In the month Nisan. - Syriac.

Joel 2:25

joe 2:25

I will restore - the years - It has already been remarked that the locusts not only destroyed the produce of that year, but so completely ate up all buds, and barked the trees, that they did not recover for some years. Here God promises that he would either prevent or remedy that evil; for he would restore the years that the locusts, cankerworm, caterpillar, and palmerworm had eaten.

Joel 2:26

joe 2:26

Praise the name of the Lord your God, that hath dealt wondrously with you - In so destroying this formidable enemy; and so miraculously restoring the land to fertility, after so great a devastation.

Joel 2:28

joe 2:28

Shall come to pass afterward - אחרי כן acharey ken, "after this;" the same, says Kimchi, as in the latter days, which always refers to the days of the Messiah; and thus this prophecy is to be interpreted: and we have the testimony of St. Peter, Act 2:17, that this prophecy relates to that mighty effusion of the Holy Spirit which took place after the day of pentecost. Nor is there any evidence that such an effusion took place, nor such effects were produced, from the days of this prophet till the day of pentecost. And the Spirit was poured out then upon all flesh, that is, on people of different countries, speaking the languages of almost all the people of the earth; which intimated that these were the first-fruits of the conversion of all the nations of the world. For there was scarcely a tongue in the universe that was not to be found among the Parthians, Medes, Elamites, Mesopotamians, Jews, Cappadocians, people of Pontus, of Asia, Phrygia, Pamphylia, Egypt, Libya, Cyrene, Rome, Crete, and Arabia, who were residents at Jerusalem at that time; and on whom this mighty gift was poured out, each hearing and apprehending the truths of the Gospel, in his own language wherein he was born. Thus we have Divine authority for saying, that was the fulfillment of this prophecy by Joel. And the mighty and rapid spread of the Gospel of Christ in the present day, by means of the translation of the Scriptures into almost all the regular languages of the world, and the sending missionaries to all nations, who preach the Gospel in those tongues, are farther proofs that the great promise is in the fullest progress to be speedily fulfilled, even in the utmost sense of the words.

Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy - Shall preach - exhort, pray, and instruct, so as to benefit the Church.

Your old men shall dream dreams - Have my will represented to them in this way, as the others by direct inspiration.

Your young men shall see visions - Have true representations of Divine things made upon their imaginations by the power of God; that they shall have as full an evidence of them as they could have of any thing that came to the mind through the medium of the senses.

Joel 2:29

joe 2:29

And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids - The gifts of teaching and instructing men shall not be restricted to any one class or order of people. He shall call and qualify the men of his own choice; and shall take such out of all ranks, orders, degrees, and offices in society. And he will pour out his Spirit upon them; and they shall be endowed with all the gifts and graces necessary to convert sinners, and build up the Church of Christ on its most holy faith.

And this God has done, and is still doing. He left the line of Aaron, and took his apostles indiscriminately from any tribe. He passed by the regular order of the priesthood, and the public schools of the most celebrated doctors, and took his evangelists from among fishermen, tent-makers, and even the Roman tax-gatherers. And he, lastly, passed by the Jewish tribes, and took the Gentile converts, and made them preachers of righteousness to the inhabitants of the whole earth. The same practice he continues to the present day; yet he did not then pass by a man brought up at the feet of Gamaliel, no more than he would now a man brought up in a celebrated seminary of learning. He is ever free to use his own gifts, in his own way; and when learning is sanctified, by being devoted to the service of God, and the possessor is humble and pious, and has those natural gifts necessary for a public teacher, perhaps we might safely say, God would in many cases prefer such: but he will have others, as intimated in the prophecy, that we may see the conversion of men is not by human might, nor power, but by the Spirit of the Lord of hosts. The learned man can do nothing without his Spirit; the unlearned must have his gifts and graces, without which both their labors would be unprofitable; and thus the excellency of the power is of God, and no flesh can glory in his presence. See my sermon on this passage.

Joel 2:30

joe 2:30

Wonders in the heavens and in the earth - This refers to those dreadful sights, dreadful portents, and destructive commotion, by which the Jewish polity was finally overthrown, and the Christian religion established in the Roman empire. See how our Lord applies this prophecy, Mat 24:29 (note), and the parallel texts.

Joel 2:31

joe 2:31

The sun shall be turned into darkness - The Jewish polity, civil and ecclesiastical, shall be entirely destroyed.

Before the great and the terrible day of the Lord come - In the taking and sacking of Jerusalem, and burning of the temple, by the Romans, under Titus, the son of Vespasian. This was, perhaps, the greatest and most terrible day of God's vengeance ever shown to the world, or that ever will be shown, till the great day of the general judgment. For a full view of this subject, I wish to refer the reader to the notes on Matthew 24.

Joel 2:32

joe 2:32

Whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord - כל אשר יקרא בשם יהוה col asher yikra beshem Yehovah, "All who shall invoke in the name of Jehovah." That Christ is the Jehovah here mentioned appears plain from Rom 10:15, where the reader had better consult the notes. "This refers," says Bp. Newcome, "to the safety of the Christians during the Jewish and the Roman war." It may: but it has a much more extensive meaning, as the use of it by St. Paul, as above, evidently shows. Every man who invokes Jehovah for mercy and salvation by or in the name, Jesus - that very name given under heaven among men for this purpose - shall be saved. Nor is there salvation in any other; and those who reject him had better lay these things to heart before it be too late.

For in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem - Our blessed Lord first began to preach the Gospel in Mount Zion, in the temple, and throughout Jerusalem. There he formed his Church, and thence he sent his apostles and evangelists to every part of the globe: "Go ye into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature." Of the Jews there was but a remnant, a very small number, that received the doctrine of the Gospel, here termed the remnant that the Lord should call; קרא kore, whom he calleth. Many were called who would not obey: but those who obeyed the call were saved; and still he delivers those who call upon him; and he is still calling on men to come to him that they may be saved.

Next: Joel Chapter 3


Microsoft this week said that it has worked with the US Federal Bureau of Investigation, major players in the financial services industry, and other industry technology leaders to help thwart a major botnet operation that is responsible for over $500 million in losses to individuals and businesses.

The operation involved a court ordered civil seizure warrant in which Microsoft disrupted 1462 Citadel botnets and millions of infected computers as well as separate but coordinated steps taken by the FBI. Called Operation b54—Microsoft’s seventh anti-botnet operation to date—the effort marks the first time in history that law enforcement and the private sector worked in concert to execute a civil seizure warrant as part of a botnet disruption operation.

“We do expect that this action will significantly disrupt Citadel’s operation, helping quickly release victims from the threat and making it riskier and more costly for the cybercriminals to continue doing business” a Microsoft statement notes. “However, we do not expect to fully take out all of the botnets in the world using the Citadel malware.”

According to Microsoft, it found during an investigation of over a year that Citadel blocked victims’ access to legitimate anti-virus/anti-malware sites, making it difficult for users to remove the threat from their PCs. Additionally, the technology giant noted that the cybercriminals were somehow developing their malware and growing their business by “using fraudulently obtained product keys created by key generators for outdated Windows XP software,” creating a nice opening for another discussion about migrating customers to a newer and more modern Windows version.

Escorted by US Marshals, Microsoft earlier this month seized data and evidence from the botnets, including computer servers from two facilities in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Microsoft also provided information about the botnets’ operations to international Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs), so they could take action against botnets located outside the United States.

Much of the half billion dollars in losses were directly attributed to the cybercriminals recording users’ keystrokes using the Citadel malware and then discovering their access information for banks and other online accounts. About five million people were affected, Microsoft says, with the highest number of infections occurring in the US, Europe, Hong Kong, Singapore, India, and Australia. But there were victims in more than ninety countries worldwide.

“The harm done by Citadel shows the threat that botnets, malicious software, and piracy pose to individuals and businesses around the world,” Microsoft general counsel Brad Smith said. “Today’s coordinated action between the private sector and law enforcement demonstrates the power of combined legal and technical expertise and we’re going to continue to work together to help put these cybercriminals out of business.”

In addition to the FBI and US Marshals, Microsoft says it worked with the the Financial Services – Information Sharing and Analysis Center (FS-ISAC), NACHA – The Electronic Payments Association, the American Bankers Association (ABA), Agari, A10 Networks and Nominum to help thwart the threat.


1035.8 #167 (DL Qual #134

Sep 6, 2012 2:14 PM  Disneyland Talk Land
OMG OMG OMG... To all my MW friends. I seriously am in need of as much pixie dust you can send my way. I have an interview Tuesday for my "Dream Job" at Disney! One step closer to becoming a PLAID!!!

Pixie dust! Pixie dust! Pixie dust! - Mickeymouse28  367.1 #582 2:15PM
✨✨✨✨✨ - PirateQueenBriezy  308.3 #815 2:16PM
Woohoo! Throwing buckets of Pixie Dust your way :) - DisLUVney  607.7 #313 2:18PM
Omg! Good luck! - Krissy Marissy  411.2 #509 2:19PM
Bucket loads of pixie dust headed your way Suzy!!!!!!! - MermaidWithShears  1025.8 #169 2:20PM
Pixie dust!!!!!!!! - MrsSchnooks  3223.8 #40 2:22PM
🌟✨🌟You got this🌟✨🌟 - Mouse4life  1293.1 #123 2:23PM
Pixie dust and prayers for my friend. - MinnieNurse  331.5 #694 2:24PM
Good luck suz! - chris.  2511.0 #48 2:26PM
Pixie dust!! ✨✨✨ - ZippADeeDani  142.0 #2780 2:26PM
Good luck - GoofyMom77  728.7 #248 2:27PM
pixie dust coming your way! you got this! you are gonna do so AMAZING! - wendytink  356.8 #615 2:28PM
You can do this girl!!✨✨✨✨ - SueBayou  2019.0 #70 2:29PM
How cool, and you would be perfect for the job. Good luck! - Sugarbuzz  219.0 #1681 2:29PM
✨✨✨✨✨✨ pixie dust ✨✨✨✨✨✨ - LostUndertheSea  481.8 #412 2:30PM
pixie dust and pixie farts. Good luck :) - vincentchase1  672.9 #279 2:32PM
I'm not sure I've ever gotten a pixie fart before. Thank you! - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 2:46PM
✨✨✨ x a million, you would make a perfect plaid!! - Linzee  1120.7 #150 2:34PM
✨✨good luck✨✨ - Bambi.  605.0 #315 2:37PM
Lots of good thoughts coming your way! - snowwannab  733.9 #243 2:38PM
Awesome,pixie dust being sent your way!! - cyndaws  258.0 #1215 2:38PM
Driving our company 🚚🚚 (trucks) full of ✨✨✨✨✨✨(PD) your way!!!!! - Romec123aKaSmartyPants  720.8 #251 2:42PM
Goooood luck & pixie dust!! - GrimGrinningAmanda  660.5 #284 2:43PM
Definately! Best of luck to you. - DisneyVacationLover  462.3 #441 2:43PM
It's meant to be. You got this! :) - Darlingwendi  1209.5 #134 2:43PM
Pixie dust your way! You deserve it! - mamadisney3  261.5 #1184 2:43PM
✨🌟✨🌟✨ - SPandEvLover  3832.4 #32 2:44PM
Eeeeee!! I am SOOO excited for you!! You can do this! *PixieDust* and in my thoughts :D *runs around, arms in the air, screaming and all excited for you* - HandMeAChurroImmaFaint  5626.8 #17 2:46PM
I promise to be there for you when you need a plaid!!! - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 2:58PM
YESSSS! ❤❤❤ - HandMeAChurroImmaFaint  5626.8 #17 4:43PM
One pixie rain dance, coming up... ✨✨✨💃👯💃👯💃👯✨✨✨ - Waites4DodgerEars_CM  1002.3 #176 2:46PM
That is just so amazing. Good luck🍀 - ScooterMike  1963.0 #74 2:49PM
I just sent my chopper(the pixie chopper) to drop a load of ✨✨✨✨ pixie dust over your home. - Hendizl  2760.0 #43 2:49PM
Mucho pixie dust, Good luck!! :)) - CarmenINwonderlanD  265.0 #1153 2:53PM
✨✨You Will Do Great✨✨. Best of luck - Tealtownfan  1015.5 #173 2:53PM
So awesome to hear! Good luck! - iamdugsmaster  878.7 #194 2:55PM
This is amazing! Lots of luck✨ - MinnieBow11  17.3 #7416 2:56PM
good luck!!! - OhanaPhoto  3803.1 #34 2:59PM
Good luck! They will love you! - ladylikesdisney  945.0 #180 3:04PM
You would be a natural plaid, good luck!!!! - madsdad  1868.1 #81 3:05PM
Too cool! Fingers are crossed and tossin' lots and lots of pixie dust your way :) - TheBudd  357.3 #614 3:06PM
Good luck! - MXPrincess399  743.4 #239 3:14PM
Best wishes. - Mrs.mouse  543.6 #358 3:15PM
Oooh! Good luck! Prayers and pixie dust are headed your way. ✨✨✨🙏🍀 - Vegan7LuvsStitch  1025.0 #170 3:17PM
So awesome!!!! Good luck! - LisaMouse7531  410.1 #511 3:26PM
Prayers and pixie dust coming your way! - erinten  539.9 #363 3:26PM
That's awesome! Praying this happens for you! You would be an amazing plaid!! :) - Pintraderswife  468.3 #431 3:30PM
how cool!! good luck!! - Stitch_Legacy  5138.0 #19 3:34PM
I've always seen you as more of a lavender, but ok, pixie dust coming your way. A whole bu.... What?...... What do you mean I can't say "butt load"?.....Well any way a whole lot your way. };) - Evilstitch  338.5 #666 3:35PM
Your killing me. I laughed out so loud I snorted. Scared my dogs! - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 3:48PM
Congratulations!! Good luck!! - Stiglitz3  288.3 #936 3:37PM
Good luck!✨✨✨✨ - CherryTreeLane  460.4 #442 3:40PM
EEEE!!!! Good luck!!! That is so awesome!!!! - abbeyroo68  184.8 #2123 3:40PM
Hoping for lots of pixie dust! - Squirtortue  311.1 #790 3:41PM
Every ounce of pixie dust I have I'm sending your way👏👍😃 - Tinkerbellmom4  413.5 #505 3:42PM
Pixie dust your way!!! - MarshaMouse  4816.2 #22 3:53PM
I'm just going to Congradulate you now!! Ta da! Best wishes! - mrscttlemstr  308.7 #811 3:54PM
Haha, thank you! - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 4:55PM
Pixie dust and luck!!!!✨🍀✨ - JessM4  269.6 #1114 3:59PM
✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨pixie dust to ya girl! - MouseketeerforShort  340.3 #660 4:02PM
OMG! *screams like a girl* You deserve it more than anyone I know! - Deltachiq  1228.0 #130 4:04PM
I think I heard you❤ - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 5:14PM
Pixie dust and lots of good luck! - chipanddalefan  733.4 #244 4:05PM
Gathering up all the pixies, sending them all your way, so they can fly around you and keep the pixie dust coming! - iloveprinceEric  264.2 #1166 4:09PM
good luck! - MaidMiriam  308.0 #819 4:15PM
Best of luck to you! - MightyWhitey  1081.4 #158 4:36PM
Sending tons of pixie dust your way! 🌟✨🌟💓✨🌟✨Good luck! 👸 - figzchic  724.8 #250 4:36PM
✨✨✨✨✨✨✨BEST OF LUCK TO YOU✨✨✨✨✨✨ - EdLovesAlvena  258.4 #1211 4:39PM
Best of luck to you. - suejacken  3.8 #24137 4:47PM
Pixie Dust!!!! I really hope it works out! If anyone is worthy, then you definitely are :) - KylaShea  632.7 #298 4:48PM
Sending pixie dust your way! Good luck! - MeridaFan  3581.3 #36 4:48PM
Best wishes and pixie dust headed your way!! ✨✨✨ - minigirl1156  733.4 #245 4:48PM
Omgeeeee MORE PIXIE DUST  Good luck!!! - ChocolateSandwichesCM  212.2 #1782 4:57PM
Good luck! - goofyinohio  20.9 #6718 5:10PM
I hope u get it! I'll be praying!! - princessVanessa  384.3 #556 5:14PM
Good luck!!!! - PlutoFanatic  296.3 #880 5:16PM
Good luck!!!! How exciting!!! :) - supermom2twins  3.2 #33518 5:18PM
Here is a huge bucket of pixie dust!!! *dumps it on your head* - adisneyfamily  870.4 #199 5:19PM
More pixie dust for you! - dimplesdanie  1236.7 #128 5:20PM
✨✨✨✨✨🌟✨✨✨✨ - Disneymomblessedx3  363.1 #593 5:22PM
Plaid is your color! - Gia  802.0 #215 5:40PM
❤❤❤❤❤ - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 6:36PM
Good luck Suzy! I'm sure you'll ace it :) - BaseballMickey_CM  7185.4 #8 5:45PM
Good luck. Sending lots of pixie dust. - Eraf61  264.8 #1156 5:48PM
Wow amazing! Good luck and pixie dust. - thestalkerNIN  362.4 #594 5:51PM
Hope you land the job! - moomooluvr  293.2 #909 5:55PM
Good luck and pixie dust! If you're working this weekend I'd love to meet you. I have your necklace with me. If not, I'll stick it in the mail when I get home. - RCmom  5229.2 #18 6:24PM
Yes, I'm working Pixar Parade Saturday and parade/WOC on Sunday!!! - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 6:38PM
Good luck!! - VeloMouseGirl  549.8 #351 6:25PM
Oh wow Suuz! Pixie dust your way - best of luck! You deserve it! - Oinker34  1267.7 #125 6:26PM
Good luck! Here's some more pixie dust for you!! - MissAmericaSings  391.6 #542 6:26PM
OMG!!!! Yay Suuz wishing you all the pixie dust!! dream job at Disney for sure! - CuriousAsAlice7  124.2 #3061 6:26PM
Yay!!! Bucket full of pixie dust!!! Hope you get your dream job so you can one day escort John Stamos 😁 - CourtyAstroBlisters  754.7 #233 6:36PM
I think I would die if that happens. But I would do my best not to embarrass him! - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 6:41PM
Lol your professional you will be fine!!! FYI I am determine to hunt you down next weekend when I'm there lol!! - CourtyAstroBlisters  754.7 #233 6:55PM
Good luck my dear friend Suz! Sending many pixie dusts along the way!! ✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨ - Charlie_Mouse  273.4 #1076 6:45PM
That is so awesome Suuz, I have all my appendages crossed. - splashphotoCM  885.6 #191 6:49PM
Will do...sending lots of positive thoughts your way! Good things happen to good people! - ladylikesdisneysmom  269.6 #1113 6:55PM
*dumps a whole bag over Suuz head* There you go. good luck, you don't need it. :-) - mini_MINNIE  1079.9 #159 6:59PM
Sending tons of pixie dust your way! - LaPearleNoir  1638.1 #95 8:34PM
Print out all these comments for references!! You are the best and so friendly and yet always get your job done. You would make the best plaid!! God bless you and I will keep praying for you until you let us know you got the job!!!! - secretagentangel  2169.3 #65 8:36PM
That's a great idea. Thank you! - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 8:43PM
✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨ - Plumiegirl  9392.2 #3 8:36PM
Good luck Suzie, you totally deserve it! - dlmickeymouseCM  2404.5 #52 8:47PM
👏👏👏✨✨✨YAY!!!! you'll do awesome! - Mimmy  1442.3 #105 8:47PM
Good luck! - pbrdad  164.3 #2439 8:48PM
YAYAYAYAY! Pixie dust your way. You'll do great! :) - BrerRabbit  360.8 #603 9:49PM
All the luck in the world plus pixie dust!! - Willierose  2267.7 #60 9:50PM
Sending lost and lots of pixie dust your way.*.*.*.*. - Pixieliz  310.9 #794 10:01PM
Sending pixie dust Suz!!!! So exciting!!! ✨✨✨❤ - PrincessMacy  536.5 #367 10:11PM
Good luck !! - jmza4  285.6 #31532 10:17PM
Good luck! How exciting! - templeclan  54.8 #4403 10:20PM
How exciting. You would be wonderful. Pixie dust your way but I'm pretty sure you got this all on your own. - sewedna  548.0 #354 10:21PM
That is sooo wonderful!! A big good luck Tuesday!! - jjdq  338.0 #668 10:23PM
Sending you a truckload of magical Disney pixie dust... :) - timetraveler2442  343.7 #649 10:23PM
Good luck!!! :D - Jillian  767.1 #227 10:25PM
Sending loads of pixie dust✨✨✨✨✨and prayers! How exiting for you! - HollyGolightlyPrincess  396.8 #536 10:31PM
✨✨✨ - lynniesue42  232.4 #1515 10:38PM
Thank you, thank you everyone😍😘💗💗❤❤ - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 5:17PM
Thank you all for the pixie dust✨✨✨✨✨✨ - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 8:32PM
I've tried to like everyone's comments💙💜💗💚💛💓❤ To show my thanks to everyone! - SUUZinOCretiredPLAID  1035.8 #167 10:10PM

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1228.0 #130 (DL Qual #99

Feb 3, 2013 5:06 AM  Disneyland Talk Land
PSA...please remember the ABSOLUTELY NO SPOILERS rule today! Please do not post score updates or the winner of the Super Bowl for those who want to watch the game after a day at the Parks! Thank you and GO NINERS!

It's okay guys, I don't even watch basketball. But I'm rooting for the Yankees! Go Tiger Woods!!!! - AvidDisneyThrifter220  1399.4 #109 7:03AM
Go Yankees! LOL - MrsSchnooks  3223.7 #40 7:12AM
They're hockey, right?😜😜 - AvidDisneyThrifter220  1399.4 #109 7:27AM
Uh... Sure! LOL As long as you're cheering for them you're good in my book! - MrsSchnooks  3223.7 #40 7:28AM
Rotfl 😂😂😂😂 - mini_MINNIE  1079.9 #159 8:00AM
@ Avid I posted something Yankees/Mickey for you in The Hub in case you need some info on the Yankees. LOL 😂😂😂😂 - MrsSchnooks  3223.7 #40 8:02AM
Haha ooh I'll check! But no worries, I really do enjoy baseball over any sport (except hockey hehe) but I've even been to a Yankees game at Yankees stadium on 4th of July! :D the most American thing I've ever done in my life. - AvidDisneyThrifter220  1399.4 #109 8:07AM
Baseball is my favorite too. Forgot how much I love watching sports in general until I met my husband. He is a huge sports fan! And that is pretty awesome about the Yankees on the 4th of July! So jelly! - MrsSchnooks  3223.7 #40 8:11AM
😄😄😄😄😄 - Lelundrial  581.4 #327 8:54AM
Yankees? Wha? No. Go Dodgers! And nothin about the Giants. Sf is already being represented to by that one team in the game I think. 😜 - Waites4DodgerEars_CM  1002.3 #176 10:10AM
👆Go Giants! - Slotherini  1079.4 #160 10:17AM
👍😁👍 - PinkMinnie  176.9 #2228 11:18AM
😂😂😂 I knew that'd get a response from either you or CAB. - Waites4DodgerEars_CM  1002.3 #176 11:46AM
Go A's! another division title and then some this season! - CVDisneyland  388.1 #548 1:32PM
Is this where we post our up to the minute Super Bowl updates? - Mouse4life  1293.1 #123 3:28PM
Heads on the coin toss 😂😂😂 - Villescas8  606.9 #314 3:29PM
Ohh and I just won a free papa johns pizza because it came up heads - Villescas8  606.9 #314 3:31PM
Those flying monkeys look vicious - Mouse4life  1293.1 #123 4:00PM
They do. Did you get your free 2 liter if Pepsi next? - Villescas8  606.9 #314 4:01PM
Horry cow that was nutz - Mouse4life  1293.1 #123 7:58PM
Problem being, I'm sure it will be easily overheard in the parks... Good luck! Ear plugs perhaps? - cynDOLEwhip  1175.5 #139 9:09AM
Anyone see that episode of HIMYM where they missed the Super Bowl, and needed to watch it all together, so they did everything they could to not hear who won? Teds masterpiece headgear for the sportsbar, nuff said xD - AvidDisneyThrifter220  1399.4 #109 10:14AM
YES! This is why I love you. - cynDOLEwhip  1175.5 #139 11:25AM
Go niners!!! I'm all alone over here... everybody is rooting for the freakin birds. I NEED TO BE BACK IN CA! - KylaShea  632.7 #298 11:55AM
Yes you do - E-Ticket  1393.0 #110 1:42PM
Yes, yes you do!! - MissMolly  1310.9 #119 6:19PM
Can't wait to see the Niners Lose! - HanLostLeia  1098.3 #155 10:00AM
*gasp!* Don't make me block you mister! - LBChica  2355.6 #56 10:03AM
We aren't friends today Han. - Slotherini  1079.4 #160 10:18AM
I really don't care who wins, but I don't really care for the Niners because of my brothers. - HanLostLeia  1098.3 #155 11:29AM
I grew up in Oakland, so by default I have to agree with this... - CVDisneyland  388.1 #548 1:45PM
La la la la la la la. I'm not listening. I wanna be surprised when the big "Destiny's Child" reunion is revealed. - Waites4DodgerEars_CM  1002.3 #176 10:08AM
Bla bla bla......... - WARLOCK  3903.4 #30 6:37AM
I truly hope you were being sarcastic - LBChica  2355.6 #56 9:29AM
What she said.... - Armenda  1154.6 #144 6:56AM
Can I post my psychic updates before the game starts? - CobbPR  7122.2 #9 7:18AM
Excellent reminder. This needs to be stuck up top all day! - Mimmy  1442.3 #105 7:30AM
Niners win (Prediction) - E-Ticket  1393.0 #110 7:53AM
Thank you - Missymoo  702.5 #257 8:03AM
OMG! the Ravens win!! - Stitch_Legacy  5138.0 #19 8:11AM
Ok. Thanks for the reminder. So after the parks close it's okay?! J/K 😃😃I understand - iloveprinceEric  264.2 #1166 8:14AM
I promise to not say a word. I promise!! - LaPearleNoir  1638.1 #95 8:37AM
It's gonna be hard for me today. I'll just have to save all my comments and status updates for Facebook. 😜😜😜 - LBChica  2355.6 #56 9:08AM
Exactly! - LaPearleNoir  1638.1 #95 12:03PM
Is Super Bowl today? - snowwhite15  19.6 #6931 8:39AM
Watch out for people streaming it on their cell phones. - MeridasHair  346.5 #641 8:46AM
Never thought of that! Or people cheering in the parks. - MrsSchnooks  3223.7 #40 9:09AM
Well considering the super bowl has nothing to do with Disneyland anyway... you shouldn't expect that kind of topic in the Disneyland lounge...Go Ducks! - socaldad85  106.6 #3399 9:37AM
Non Disney related topics (as long as they're appropriate) can be posted as long as they're in the Hub. That's the reason no spoilers is addressed in the FAQs. - LBChica  2355.6 #56 10:02AM
You would be surprised what people post. 😬 - Miss_E_Mouse  1433.5 #106 10:03AM
You mean you don't want to know who the winner of they puppy bowl is?! 🐶🏆😁 - Miss_E_Mouse  1433.5 #106 10:02AM
😹 - mini_MINNIE  1079.9 #159 10:16AM
💁: "I heard there's going to be a big game at the 👯Beyoncè concert today." - rbeezy  703.0 #256 10:04AM
😂😂😂 - MrsSchnooks  3223.7 #40 11:24AM
😂😂😂 - HandMeAChurroImmaFaint  5626.7 #17 11:49AM
I thought today was the Beyonce concert...hmmmm, I'm confused now :-) - GarnerPhotography  324.9 #723 12:50PM
Beyonce=restroom break... - CVDisneyland  388.1 #548 1:56PM
I'm so excited for the commercials! Don't spoil those either! 😊 - MrsSchnooks  3223.7 #40 2:08PM
Puppy bowl just started, no score yet. - Lelundrial  581.4 #327 3:09PM
im rooting for the dole whip - CM_Oregon_DucksFan  2608.5 #45 3:15PM
Bump - Missymoo  702.5 #257 3:19PM
Bump! - Mimmy  1442.3 #105 3:39PM
Can I go like this 😳? Lol - MarshaMouse  4816.2 #22 3:49PM
Why? Is Nick running around in a sparkly tutu again? - Villescas8  606.9 #314 3:52PM
😂😂😂😂 - MrsSchnooks  3223.7 #40 3:53PM
I'm just watching the commercials😂😂😂 - HandMeAChurroImmaFaint  5626.7 #17 4:01PM
Umm me too. Go get your free 2 liter soda online - Villescas8  606.9 #314 4:02PM
Did I miss an ad? - HandMeAChurroImmaFaint  5626.7 #17 4:12PM
pepsi - Lelundrial  581.4 #327 4:15PM
Yep, go to pepsinexit.com - Villescas8  606.9 #314 4:18PM
@ V8 just got mine! Thanks for the reminder. - MrsSchnooks  3223.7 #40 4:22PM
Dodgers won - mattc  259.4 #1203 4:19PM
What?! Darn Penguins. - Lelundrial  581.4 #327 4:31PM
Beyonce won - KylaShea  632.7 #298 4:38PM
Go Dodgers! - pinkmonkeys  527.7 #373 4:57PM
I watched the coin toss...then got bored and started to clean. 😂 - Jillian  767.1 #227 4:43PM
Pretty much that's why hockey is so much better...a lot more action and way less breaks - socaldad85  106.6 #3399 4:55PM
Totally agree social dad. Football bores me now lol - MarshaMouse  4816.2 #22 6:00PM
En Unos minutos va a comensar el show de Medio Tiempo con Beyonce :-) - uscdisneyteacher  7687.9 #7 5:04PM
If you like it then you shoulda put a ring on it. - MomWithAJuiceBoxBuzz  1175.9 #138 5:18PM
Si...en verdad...hola momma buzz :-) - uscdisneyteacher  7687.9 #7 5:22PM
Oh no, I don't know who the most valuable puppy was. - Lelundrial  581.4 #327 5:22PM
I recorded it! LOL - MrsSchnooks  3223.7 #40 5:34PM
Watching the replay instead of the halftime show, and since there is a stadium issue right now. I keep flipping back and forth. - Lelundrial  581.4 #327 5:49PM
STUFF IS HAPPENING!! OMG!! - TheNewTrent  749.0 #234 6:09PM
Indeed :-) - uscdisneyteacher  7687.9 #7 6:11PM
Why you calling Beyonce "stuff"? 😉 - MrsSchnooks  3223.7 #40 6:25PM
OMG!!!! MORE STUFF just Happened!!!!!! :-) - uscdisneyteacher  7687.9 #7 6:34PM
Must resist! - PrincessDaisy  323.7 #733 6:41PM
Indeed :-) - uscdisneyteacher  7687.9 #7 6:44PM
What the crap is happening!?! - BellesLibrary  408.5 #516 6:42PM
The Superbowl :-) - uscdisneyteacher  7687.9 #7 6:44PM
Stuff - Sweet_Irish_Cream  4399.5 #27 6:45PM
Can not say! Or else! - PrincessDaisy  323.7 #733 6:46PM
I realized that I want to be Beyonce when I grow up! - MinnieMousewife  892.2 #187 7:28PM
and then... - OhanaPhoto  3803.1 #34 7:59PM
Coach Harbough won!! - TheNewTrent  749.0 #234 8:07PM
Spoiler! :P - IDVandalSkipperCM  2407.5 #51 8:09PM
😂😂 - HandMeAChurroImmaFaint  5626.7 #17 8:10PM
Well that was interesting stuff - MarshaMouse  4816.2 #22 8:08PM
That was close - Lelundrial  581.4 #327 8:13PM
So glad dodgers won the would series!! - princessVanessa  384.3 #556 8:14PM
Psh, I'm glad the Bucks won the Stanley Cup :P :P I don't know what sport you were watching! - IDVandalSkipperCM  2407.5 #51 8:22PM
I don't get it...was there some kind of game today? - MissAmericaSings  391.6 #542 8:33PM

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10. DoomBuggy61

👋❤ - Tom  9152.5 #5 11:47AM
Yay !!!  - otilegna  2314.6 #58 9:42AM

Here are the top 10 News Contributors:

1. BaseballMickey_CM

2. Stitch_Legacy

3. RickChavez

4. ScooterMike

5. SPandEvLover

6. caramiapoohAKAface

7. IDVandalSkipperCM

8. Dave

9. Duchess_SMK

10. Sweet_Irish_Cream

Thank you for reading! - Admin  6:26PM
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- DarthFairy  112.6 #3297 4:40PM

Thank You - suzieq65  67.0 #4093 6:20PM
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I ❤ crowding meetups - bonedaddy909  1354.8 #113 12:29PM

- valj84DisneyDeppAddict  216.9 #1713 12:58PM
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1. MelodyMouse

2. Winnie111286

3. MadameLeota

4. grumpypapa

5. Plumiegirl

6. jacdanfan

7. secretagentangel

8. Dave

10. Coaster

Thanked by:   Tom   FrankenweenieVelinee   JediKitty   DarthFairy

Test - Admin  12:16AM

1. CobbPR

2. uscdisneyteacher

3. Dave

4. BaseballMickey_CM

5. Duchess_SMK

6. Plumiegirl

7. Stitch_Legacy

8. HandMeAChurroImmaFaint

9. ElSuperRaton

10. Winnie111286

Can't wait! - sawman911  705.5 #254 6:30PM

Here are the overall MouseRank leaders for the past 6 months:

July 2015: Winnie111286 463.58
May 2015: MelodyMouse 679.4
April 2015: Fantasmicfan1 466.89
March 2015: HARR_E 423.38
February 2015: Winnie111286 364.36
January 2015: ShariRenee 408.65

! - FrankenweenieVelinee  2355.2 #57 7:16AM
- MowgliLovesBaloo  65.1 #0 5:18PM
- LindseyanaJones  101.2 #3478 11:31AM
- XochiFryingPanWhoKnew  83.9 #3748 5:02PM

Thank you! - Admin  5:04PM

1. MelodyMouse

2. MadameLeota

3. Coaster

4. goofygal

5. jacdanfan

6. Winnie111286

7. JPatDL

8. Brian

9. grumpypapa

10. Tmoneysf

Thanked by:   goducksgo   boomom   catlikesmouse   suzieq65

Here are the Top 10 MouseWaiters of All-Time:

1. Coaster

2. Dave

3. Plumiegirl

4. jacdanfan

5. Tom

6. goofygal

7. uscdisneyteacher

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9. CobbPR

10. Sonja

unFORECAST for the week of August 24, 2015

Just got it! - Dizkid  370.2 #579 12:29PM
Downloading it now.  - TrueFromOzLovesDisney  481.6 #413 4:18PM

Here are the recent wait time leaders:

July: MelodyMouse 417.38
May: MelodyMouse 640.08
April: WARLOCK 228.33
March: HARR_E 290.27
February: jacdanfan 251.32
January: ShariRenee 246.23
December: MelodyMouse 303.05
November: MelodyMouse 410.98
October: jacdanfan 189.98

 Everyone for making   - Boundin  614.3 #310 10:21PM

Innoventions reopens as Star Wars Launch Bay September 30
Haunted Mansion Aug 24-Sept 11
Space Mountain Sept 7-Sept 11
Pirates of the Caribbean Sept 14-Sept 30

Luigi's Rollickin Roadsters opens early 2016

TOP 5 THINGS to do this week at the Disneyland Resort:

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Weeeeee - MommyandBash  201.3 #1907 10:29PM

thanks admin - Fantasmicfan1  1376.2 #112 9:42PM
  - jacdanfan  9353.2 #4 6:08AM
- Lilogirl1  121.2 #3122 4:26PM

1. jacdanfan

3. secretagentangel

4. DisneyGrandma

5. leopardditz2000

6. DisLUVney

7. debbiev

8. MeridaFan

9. MelodyMouse

10. MinnieMyLove

Nice pic!📷 - Stitchcrazy62622  16.9 #7482 10:18PM
Awesome!! - stanvoodoo  19.0 #7059 7:25PM

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6.Coaster 66.8 #1
7.OhanaPhoto 64.71 #34
8.grumpypapa 62.97 #37
9.quote 57.52 #0
10.MadameLeota 54.87 #39

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The “Fit but unequal” graphic in the March 24 Variety section was an interesting way to explain the differences in performance in male and female athletes. However, it failed to note that while elite male athletes will typically outperform elite female athletes, elite female athletes outperform the vast majority of all male athletes.

Emily Johnson, Minneapolis


MySQL: Count occurrences of string

Drupal and MySQL

Today I needed to quickly find out a list of node's which did not contain a certain token (one we use on PPOnline to insert adverts into articles). There were meant to be 2 of these tokens per article but we had noticed some only had one. Some didn't have any at all!

Now, this might already exist as a neat function somewhere, but I couldn't find it. So I wrote this little query to find the number of occurrences of a substring in a larger block of text.

I did look into using the SUBSTRING() and SUBSTRING_INDEX() commands, however I couldn't see a way of efficiently using them to find any number of occurrences. So I settled on the following…

SET @findme="MySQL";
  n.nid, n.title,
  CAST((LENGTH(nr.body) - LENGTH(REPLACE(nr.body, @findme, ""))) / LENGTH(@findme) AS UNSIGNED) AS findme_count
FROM node n
INNER JOIN node_revisions nr ON nr.vid = n.vid
WHERE n.type = "blog"
ORDER BY findme_count DESC;

The above example will list all node's of type blog. It will then compare the length of the body before and after removing all instances of the string you're looking for. The result should be n * LENGTH(find_me) where n is the number of occurrences. This is why we divide by the length of the find_me string.

This is a pretty fast query too. On our live database, it searched over 1,400 nodes in just over 31 milliseconds.

I hope this saves someone some time in the future!


How to Hide Your Digital Communications from Big Brother

J.P. Hicks
Activist Post

The Associated Press was recently violated by the Department of Justice who, with a secret subpoena, forced service providers to hand over phone records of AP’s reporters and central offices.

The U.S. government claims the authority to track, trace, and database all electronic communications in order to keep us safe. Despite the obvious intrusion of privacy, it clearly has the intent to spy on all communications and is actively seeking expanded legal cover and technological advances for full spectrum digital surveillance.

Large central service providers make this nefarious goal possible.

But as the government cracks down on Web privacy, a new decentralized communication protocol called Bitmessage has emerged to offer an easy way for people to send and receive encrypted messages.

What is Bitmessage?

Bitmessage is a peer-to-peer encrypted messaging protocol that allows people to communicate anonymously.

Bitmessage’s official description is as follows:

Bitmessage is a P2P communications protocol used to send encrypted messages to another person or to many subscribers. It is decentralized and trustless, meaning that you need-not inherently trust any entities like root certificate authorities. It uses strong authentication which means that the sender of a message cannot be spoofed, and it aims to hide “non-content” data, like the sender and receiver of messages, from passive eavesdroppers like those running warrantless wiretapping programs. (Source)

Based loosely on Bitcoin‘s open-source protocol, Bitmessage utilizes the computer power of decentralized users to process the messages making them essentially impossible to track. Addresses are made up of 36 random characters as opposed to a name and other personal information that email services require.

Example Bitmessage address: BM‐2nTX1KchxgnmHvy9ntCN9r7sgKTraxczzyE

In their white paper, the Bitmessage developers emphasize that privacy was their main motivation for creating it:

Hiding one’s identity is difficult. Even if throw‐away email addresses are used, users must connect to an email server to send and retrieve messages, revealing their IP address.

…if just one of those organizations is run by a government agency, and if they have certain network hardware in place between users and destination servers, then they would be able to perform a targeted man‐in‐the‐middle attack of ostensibly secure communications at will…

What is needed is a communications protocol and accompanying software that encrypts messages, masks the sender and receiver of messages from others, and guarantees that the sender a message cannot be spoofed, without relying on trust and without burdening the user with the details of key management.

The addresses not only emphasize privacy but guarantee sender verification:

While certainly more cumbersome than an email address, it is not too much to type manually or it can be made into a QR‐code. Users have already demonstrated this to be acceptable as Bitcoin addresses are similar in format and length. This address format is superior to email in that it guarantees that a message from a particular user or organization did, in fact, come from them. The sender of a message cannot be spoofed.

Though it may sound complicated, Bitmessage makes it easy for anyone to communicate anonymously. Once the program is downloaded on your computer, you just need to set “Your Identities”, “Passphrase”, and “Addresses” in your Bitmessage folder which is much like a Bitcoin “wallet”.

Then it works similarly to email where you choose from one of your “From” addresses to compose a message to “Send” to another address. The message’s encryption is then “processed” by the peer-to-peer network of servers and delivered to the recipient’s “wallet” (Bitmessage folder) on their personal computer. The “stream” or “proof of work” takes roughly four minutes to process the message to the recipient.

Bitmessage also offers a “broadcast” feature for mass announcements. So if you run an organization, website or blog with a newsletter, you can send anonymous “broadcasts” to subscribers. Meanwhile, subscribers can sign up without giving out their email address or anything that links them to the information.

Just as Bitcoin has the potential to displace centralized currencies, Bitmessage may be the future of free and private communication. As the government increases its Big Brother spying on average citizens, Bitmessage proves that freedom will always find a way.

Watch the video below for more information about Bitmessage:

Get started with Bitmessage here.

Another great resource for how to get started with Bitmessage:

var linkwithin_site_id = 557381;

linkwithin_text=’Related Articles:’


I also use a Halliburton case for storage/travel. My system consists of a 503CW, 50,60,80, and 150 lenses, 3 backs, a PM45 prism, filters, etc. For a minimal setup for walking around I use a Lowepro Pro Toploader 70 which accommodates body with any lens and prism, plus meter and film. For additional backs I have belt mag. cases. I prefer messenger style bags for when I need to carry more gear. I have several sizes, but usually use the small one which will hold body and 3 lenses, etc. Tenba, Lowepro, and Think Tank all make great messenger bags. Hope this helps.


1) What is a hotspot? A volcanic "hotspot" is an area in the upper mantle from which heat rises in a plume from deep in the Earth. High heat and lower pressure at the base of the mantle facilitates melting of the rock. This melt, called magma, rises through cracks to the surface and forms volcanoes. As the tectonic plate moves over the stationary hot spot, the volcanoes are rafted away and new ones form in their place.

Via Seth Dixon


Common Sleep Disorders

sleepHealthful sleep habits can ease the severity of sleep problems, but many people need medical treatment to get a good night’s sleep. Following are some of the most common sleep disorders, which are evaluated at The Sleep Disorders Center at Aiken Regional Medical Centers.

Sleep Apnea
A person with sleep apnea stops and starts breathing again while asleep. This may happen several hundred times during the night, causing loud snoring and gasping, morning headache, sore throat, daytime sleepiness and problems with memory and concentration. If left untreated, it can result in irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, stroke or impotency in males. Sleep apnea is a very serious sleep disorder.

A person with insomnia is unable to fall asleep during the night.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
A person with RLS has muscle twitches in their calves, thighs and ankles throughout the night, causing restless sleep and excessive tiredness during the day.

A person with narcolepsy suddenly falls asleep during the day.

The Sleep Evaluation

If you suspect you have a sleep disorder, consult with your primary care physician and they will determine if a sleep study is necessary. The sleep study will provide your physician with information about how you breathe and sleep. This data will help your physician to determine the type and severity of your sleep disorder. It can also help to determine your treatment options.
The Sleep Testing Process
The sleep study test will require you to spend the night at the Sleep Disorders Center at Aiken Regional Medical Centers. You will be directed when to report to the hospital. A few days before your test, you will receive information and a questionnaire to complete and bring with you the night of your sleep study. A staff member will escort you to an attractive, comfortable room where your sleep test will be conducted.

Before you retire for the evening, a technician will place several small electrodes, or sensors, on your body. These will record your body movements, brain waves, heart rate, air flow, breathing and blood/oxygen levels. They will not restrict your movement or cause you discomfort. The technician will remain in an adjoining room throughout your test, and will wake you the next morning.

The results of your testing will be documented in a report and reviewed by a physician credentialed in interpreting sleep study tests. The report summarizing the information with the sleep specialist’s impressions will then be sent to your referring physician. Your physician will discuss the results of your report and various treatment options with you.


Last year, farmers didn't have nearly enough rain for their wilted, drought-ravaged crops. So far this year, they have too much of it - so much that they can't get into their fields to work them for planting.

"The challenge farmers have is in dealing with extremes," said Purdue Extension agronomist Tony Vyn, who advises farmers on the best tillage methods for different crops and soils.

Indeed, Indiana farmers are almost getting used to dealing with both extremes - what Purdue Extension corn specialist Bob Nielsen refers to as "roller coaster years" of late.

"Over the past few years, in the even-numbered years we've had early planting, and in the odd-numbered years we've had late planting," he noted.

As a result, only 1 percent of Indiana's corn crop was planted by the week ending April 28, compared with 67 percent last year - an even-numbered year when some farmers planted as early as March - and the five-year average of 30 percent, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service. Soybeans are not yet reported because they typically are planted a few weeks later than corn.

Depending on conditions of individual fields, farmers would need several days for fields to dry to the point where they can work in them. Unlike a homeowner mowing the lawn just hours after a rain, farmers can't just drive their equipment onto their fields so soon.

"It's different for farmers," Vyn said. "They shouldn't be out there."

Vyn advises farmers anxious to get into their fields not to succumb to three common tillage temptations: tilling too early or too often and when it's too wet. He says farmers need to be patient and wait for a break in the weather.

"So we can catch up pretty fast," he said.

"By itself, delayed planting isn't a sure path to lower yields," Nielsen said.

"Just because it's a day in a workweek doesn't mean you can get out in the fields to work," said Shaun Casteel, Purdue Extension soybean specialist. "A person working in an office goes to work rain or shine. Not so for farmers."


Penn Quarter
(202) 638-0800

Under the direction of celebrated chef José Andrés and his ThinkFoodGroup team, Zaytinya offers an innovative mezze menu inspired by Turkish, Greek and Lebanese cuisines served up in a sleek and modern setting. Building on Jose’s deep knowledge of Mediterranean cooking and years of research and travel, the menu features shared small plates of authentic and innovative fare, creative cocktails, and unique Mediterranean wines, making Zaytinya one of the most exciting restaurants in...


Rules And Laws in Mesopotamia

Rules and Laws were a big part of the Mesopotamian s community. I was wondering how Hammurabi made a successful community . I choose this topic because  I like learning about how our community works. Also  because laws are very important to our life’s and with out laws and rules every one would be out of control and everyone would do there own thing. Also rules and laws helps the presidents and mayors keep everyone in line.

Hammurabi is very important because he made all the laws in Mesopotamia. Also he had to make the laws very harsh laws and strict punishments because Hammurabi doesn’t want anyone to break the laws.The laws had punishments that hurt that person that did something wrong. They would cut of your ear,eye ,hand ,or even kill you. The laws were put on a big podium that they put in important public places like churches, and neighborhoods . Hammurabi made the community better because he made people fallow the laws so Mesopotamia was very well organized town. A lot of people in Mesopotamia  fallowed the laws because they didn’t want to get hurt. Hammurabi didn’t make all the laws though some people help him like the priest, military officers, and people who had a lot of money.

In this project I learned a lot about the laws in Mesopotamia and a lot about Hammurabi s Code.I learned that Hammurabi did a great job making a good and organized community because he made the punishments harsh so no one would break them.  Also in this project it was very challenging because I was sick one day and I had to do my project and it was due the next day. But I was also given a lot of time and I catch up in no time. But the best part was when I finished my physical project because it made me feel so good that I finally finished.Also it was also really easy finding all my information because their was a lot information on Hammurabi s Code.  I also learned that the Rules and Laws in Mesopotamia are a lot different then our laws today.

1. s code/

This Week

We finally finished the book Bud, Not Buddy! It’s about an orphan named Bud who gets sent to a foster home and runs away. He finds his friend and decides to go out west with him. Bud misses the train but his friend gets on.He decides to try to find his father. He gets a ride to his father from a complete stranger and finds his dad! It’s one of my favorite books and I recommend it to you. We are now doing a project on the book.

In some other classes we are mixing up into boy girl classes to see if it’s going to work. So far it is working out well for the girls but I don’t know about the boys. In P.E we are doing invasion games like capture the flag,soccer, team hand ball, and ultimate Frisbee. It’s very fun and also very loud.

Also this week at are school we have a important person at our school . His name is Alpan Hong he is a famous piano player that takes the time out of his week  not only to come play the piano but also teach kids to play piano better! He is going to come back in the Spring to do a concert at our school and have some children be in it to and some parents! In music we are doing traditional songs and dances from Japan. We are learning to also play the songs on the recorder! Also this week we are doing a project about Mesopotamia in Social Studies. We got our groups and got a topic and we are researching and making projects about our topic.  We had a great week this week I can’t wait for next week I hope it will be even better!


I am reluctant to use the expression “Only in America” because I love my country, and only in America could mankind achieve the heights he has, and influence world events for the better by being victorious in WWII.  But the following truths are indisputable, so I guess I’ll have to go with it, albeit with one change: Only in a dumbed down America.

Only in a “dumbed down” America—Top Ten

2) Only in America could people claim that the government still discriminates against black Americans when we have a black President, a black Attorney General, and roughly 18% of the federal workforce is black. (12% of the population is black.)


1 Thessalonians 2:16 CEB

16 when they try to stop us from speaking to the Gentiles so they can be saved. Their sins are constantly pushing the limit.a God's wrath has caught up with them in the end.

References for 1 Thessalonians 2:16

    • c 2:16 - Or <i>They constantly fill up the measure of their sin.</i>


English Monarchs
Scottish Monarchs

Genealogical Tables

House of Stuart
James I & VI
Arbella Stuart
Henry Frederick,
Prince of Wales

Charles I
Henrietta Maria
of France

Oliver Cromwell
The Civil War
Rupert of the Rhine
Battle of Worcester
Charles II
Great Fire of

James II
James Scott,
Duke of Monmouth

Monmouth Rebellion
Henrietta Anne Stuart
William & Mary
Queen Anne
James Francis Edward
Charles Edward Stuart
Henry Benedict Stuart
Charlotte Stuart
Jacobite Succession

Native Princes
Of Wales

English Princes
of Wales

The Honours of Wales

Tudor Era
Stuart Era
Recent History

The Regalia
The Theft Of The Crown Jewels

Leeds Castle
Buckingham Palace
Windsor Castle
Holyrood House
Balmoral Castle
Sandringham House
Hampton Court Palace
Osborne House

St. George's Chapel
Westminster Abbey
Henry VII Chapel
Edward the
Confessor's Shrine

Carisbrooke Castle
and Charles I

Order of the Garter
Order of the Bath

The House Of Stuart

Charles I

The Battles of the Civil War

The Battle of Edgehill - 23rd October 1642

Standards were raised for the first encounter of the Civil War in 1642. King Charles I personally commanded the Royal army which clashed with the Parliamentary forces under Robert Devereux, third Earl of Essex, at Edgehill, near Birmingham. The Parliamentarians opened battle with a volley of cannon fire. Prince Rupert of the Rhine, the nephew of King Charles I, led a cavalry charge, putting the the Parliamentarians to flight. Rupert pursued in their wake, leaving the King completely open to attack. Essex seized the advantage, leading an assault on the remaining Royalists, who eventually fled. Prince Rupert returned to the field but as darkness was drawing in, the battle concluded as indecisive.

Adwalton Moor - 30th June 1643

The Royalist commander, William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, attempted to enclose the Parliamentary forces in Bradford. He clashed with the Parliamentary army under Thomas Fairfax, whom he heavily outnumbered, at Adwalton Moor. Adopting a defensive position, Fairfax successfully withstood a number of Royalist charges. However some of the Parliamentary troops abandoned their positions in pursuit of the retreating Royalists, resulting in they themselves being forced into retreat.

Thomas, General Fairfax

Roundaway Down - 13th July 1643

The Parliamentary army under the command of Sir William Waller, had forced the Royalists under Lord Hopton, to Devizes. Waller decided to rest his army prior to mounting a final assault, unaware that on reaching Salisbury the Royalists had turned North to obtain aid. Lord Henry Wilmot brought a force to their assistance. On their approach, the Parliamentary army occupied a position on Roundaway Down, just north of Devizes. As a result of repeated Royalists charges the Parliamentary cavalry fled the field, although the infantry courageously continued to stand their ground. A force commanded by Hopton attacked them from the rear, causing them to eventually flee also.

First Battle of Newbury - 20th September 1643

Essex, in the course of travelling from London, was attacked by a company of soldiers under Prince Rupert. The Prince's strategy was to delay the Parliamentarians , allowing his uncle, Charles I to arrive at Newbury before Essex. Charles army blocked Essex's path and battle was prepared for. The Royalists mounted an unsuccessful attack on the strong Parliamentary artillery position on Round Hill, but were forced into retreat. A second Royalist attack on the hill met with success, pushing the enemy back. The Royalist cavalry had suffered heavy losses and the battle turned out again to be inconclusive.

Marston Moor - 2nd July 1644

Prince Rupert was commissioned to go to the aid of a Royalist army at York, when Oliver Cromwell, an East Anglian landowner from the ranks of the gentry, who had risen to lead Parliament, dispatched Parliamentary forces to confront him. Rupert ordered cavalry to Marston Moor while riding with the remainder of the Royalist army via a second route. Heavily outnumbered, the Prince still decided to give battle. A surprise attack on Rupert's position was mounted, resulting in a Parliamentary victory. Following the battle, the Prince of Wales was sent to Bristol for his greater safety, where he was placed in charge of the the West Country.

Prince Rupert of the Rhine

Second Battle of Newbury - 27th October 1644

The King and his army were situated in a strong position in defence of the northern border of the town of Newbury. The Parliamentary army occupied a ridge to the north-east. The Parliamentarians were led by Edward Montagu, a force under the command of Sir William Waller was sent to skirt the edge of the King's army. At break of day, both divisions lead a simultaneous attack on the Royalists. The ensuing melee lasted for the rest of the day and at nightfall Charles decided to retreat to the royalist capital of Oxford.

The Battle of Naseby - 14th June 1645

The Battle of Naseby proved to be the turning point in the Civil War. In attempt to bring the King to battle, the Parliamentary army under General Fairfax laid siege to Oxford. Charles, as expected, came to the defence of the city. As the Royal army approached, it was attacked by Fairfax and forced to engage in pitched battle. The Royalists foolishly abandoned a strong position and advanced on Fairfax. The Royalist cavalry, led by Prince Rupert, attacked, pushing back the Parliamentary cavalry. The New Model Army, a highly trained and well armed Parliamentary force, took to the field, and Charles' army were overwhelmed. The battle went on for only three hours, when it became apparent that his cause was lost, the King fled the field. The royalists were chased for around twelve miles from Naseby and many of the captured were slaughtered. The battle effectively ended Royalist hopes of victory in the Civil War.

Battle of Rowton Heath - 24 September, 1645

While stationed at Raglan Castle in South Wales the king received the news that Chester was the subject of a Parliamentary siege. He entered the city on 23rd September, while a force under Sir Marmaduke Langdale occupied Rowton Heath, about two miles to the south east of Chester, with the intention of attacking the Parliamentary army from the rear.

The King Charles Tower, Chester city walls, from which Charles watched the battle of Rowton Heath

King Charles Tower, Chester

The Parliamentarians, lead by Sydenham Poyntz, were informed that Charles had entered the city, and marched through the night to meet the Royalist forces. Charles watched the ensueing batle from a tower on the city walls, now known as the King Charles Tower. Battle was opened with a Parliamentary charge, which the Royalists drove back, but they were pushed back to the eastern suburbs of the city and finally driven from the field. The king was moved to the cathedral tower, were he was narrowly missed by a bullet fired by a Parliamentary sniper.

See also:-

Charles I

The Battle of Worcester -1651

External links

The Battle of Nantwich

The Civil War Siege of Chester

The Battle of Rowton Heath

The Massacre of Barthomley and Civil War skirmish at Haslington


Understanding SAT scores is easy. The exam consists of three parts: Critical Reading, Mathematics and Writing. The scores from each section can range from 200 to 800, so the best possible total score is 2400. The average score for each section is roughly 500, so the average total score is about 1500.

Understanding SAT scores is important because your scores tell college admissions staff how you did compared with other students who took the test. For example, if you scored close to the average, about a 1500, admissions staff would know that you scored as well as about half of the students who took the test nationally.

SAT percentiles compare your scores to those of other students who took the test. Say, for example, your math score is 500. If the state percentile for a score of 500 is 50, then this means you did better than 50 percent of the state's college-bound seniors.


Emma Caulfield Quotes

No matter how successful you get in Hollywood, you cannot rest. Your new movie doesn't open well; they're looking for the next person to replace you; it's always something. You never have true peace.

Emma Caulfield

Copyright © 2001 - 2015 BrainyQuote


Items by Tony Davis

Tucson’s rain-catching revolution
Tucson’s rain-catching revolution
In the Sonoran Desert, rainwater harvesting is finally going mainstream.
The right-wing heiress who changed course in the desert
The right-wing heiress who changed course in the desert
Looking back on Bazy Tankersley: publisher, rancher and conservationist
The BLM fights for the Southwest’s last free-flowing river
The BLM fights for the Southwest’s last free-flowing river
A federal agency asserts its water rights to the San Pedro river in a case that might eventually lead to limits on growth in Arizona.
A Mexican rancher struggles to shift from cattle to conservation
A Mexican rancher struggles to shift from cattle to conservation
How conservation works south of the border
How conservation works south of the border
Hardrock Mining Showdown
Hardrock Mining Showdown
"Curious about the human condition"
"Curious about the human condition"
A conversation with Western writer Philip Fradkin.
'Firebrand ways'
'Firebrand ways'
Longtime activist Kieran Suckling talks about the Center for Biological Diversity.
Non-navigable River Blues
Non-navigable River Blues
Ultimate solution?
Southern California wants to use desalination to increase its water supply, but critics think the idea needs to be taken with a grain of salt.
The Battle for the Verde
Fed up with paying to play
Chris Wallace’s refusal to pay daily user fees on Arizona’s Mount Lemmon led to a courtroom decision that has thrown the entire future of the federal recreational fee program into doubt
Have golf's glory days gone by?
How a tiny owl changed Tucson
The cactus ferruginous pygmy owl has been removed from the endangered species list, but Tucson area leaders say they plan to continue the desert conservation efforts put in place to help the very rare bird
Reality Check
Misinformation and exaggeration abound in the debate over the Endangered Species Act’s critical habitat provisions
ESA talks end in stalemate
A working group of 23 experts convened by the nonprofit Keystone Center could not reach consensus over how to reform the Endangered Species Act’s critical habitat provisions
Critical Habitat: The Inside Story
A behind-the-scenes look at the struggle over critical habitat reveals the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to be an agency at war with itself
High Noon for Habitat
In Riverside County, Calif., the conflict between the Endangered Species Act’s critical habitat rule and the West’s booming, sprawling, growth-driven economy comes to a head
Science: The chink in Quivira's armor
The Quivira Coalition has a lot of anecdotal evidence supporting its claim that its grazing methods work, but hard, independent science on the topic is much harder to find
The 'New Ranch' poster child hangs on by a thread
Rancher Jim Williams believes the Quivira Coalition helped change his life, but restoring his arid rangeland has proved difficult, and between drought and an uncertain economy, the future of his ranch still hangs in the balance
Rangeland Revival
The Quivira Coalition wants to bring peace and prosperity to the West’s public grazing lands, but some critics question whether the collaboration-based group can accomplish its goals
New grazing rules ride on doctored science
Developer under fire for destroying desert
Developer George Johnson is being sued by the state of Arizona for major violations of environmental laws, committed in the early stages of his planned La Osa Ranch development
Death of the San Pedro: Not if, but when
Groundwater pumping in the Sierra Vista area may be already reducing water flow to the San Pedro River
A Thirst for Growth
Arizona voters say 'yes' to open space
Cougar hunt creates uproar
Following a flurry of sightings and a much-publicized, ill-starred hunt for mountain lions in Sabino Canyon near Tucson, Arizonans push for changes in how the state manages its big cats
Biologist busted for moving endangered cacti
Fires take toll on San Diego’s wildlife
The October wildfires in Southern California burned rare trees and may have caused the extinction of a butterfly -- proving, some say, that San Diego’s Multiple Species Conservation Program did not protect enough habitat to save imperiled species
Behind the scenes, pressure and doubt
Two former Fish and Wildlife Service biologists had early doubts about San Diego’s Multiple Species Conservation Program, criticizing the limits of the program’s science and its inability to protect a population of endangered willowy monardella


CHICO, Calif. -

As they do every Halloween at Chico State, pumpkins fell from the heights of Butte Hall.

For 26 years, the gourds have been dropped from one of the tallest buildings on campus. Hundreds showed up for the event, including local school children and older ones who were passing by.

The Pumpkin Drop is put on by the Society of Physics Students. They dress as historical figures -- including Aristotle and Galileo -- and each explain their theories of gravity.

"We spend a couple of weeks getting together and kind of running through lines and trying to get the timing down on the pumpkins," said society member Sarah Knudsen, who portrayed Sir Isaac Newton. "Although, since we don't have an opportunity to practice with pumpkins, sometimes, it can cause some fun."

As a grand finale, pumpkins were dropped to the cannon blasts of Tchaikovsky's 1812 overture.


Suffer the Children, Suffer the Country

NEW YORK – Children are every country’s most vital resource. This is true not just morally, but also economically. Investing in the health, education, and skills of children offers the highest economic returns to a country. A new study by the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) shows which high-income countries are doing well when it comes to making these investments – and which are doing poorly.

The report, Child Well-Being in Rich Countries, takes a holistic view of the conditions of children in the United States, Canada, and Europe – 29 countries in all. The top-ranked countries, where children are best off, are the social democracies of Western Europe. The Netherlands heads the list, followed by Norway, Iceland, Finland, Sweden, and Germany.

At the bottom one finds a major surprise: the US, the richest large economy in the world, is in 26th place, followed by three much poorer countries: Lithuania, Latvia, and Romania. France and the United Kingdom are ranked in the middle.

The study assesses children’s well-being in terms of material conditions (related to household-income levels); health and safety; education; risky behavior (such as excessive alcohol consumption); and physical environment, including housing conditions. Although the study is limited to high-income countries, national governments – and even cities – in other parts of the world should replicate it to analyze their own children’s well-being.

The gaps between the northern European countries and the US are the most telling. Northern European countries generally provide cash support to families to ensure that all children are raised in decent conditions, and they undertake ambitious social programs to provide high-quality day care, pre-school, and primary and secondary education. Moreover, all children are well covered by effective health-care systems.

The US, with its individualist, free-market ideology, is very different. There is little cash support for families. Government programs supposedly provide a social safety net, but politicians are, in fact, largely indifferent to the well-being of the poor, because poor voters turn out in lower numbers and do not finance America’s expensive election campaigns. Indeed, the evidence strongly suggests that US politicians tend to listen and respond only to their richer constituents. The so-called safety net has suffered accordingly, as have America’s poor.

The differences between the social democracies and the US show up strongly in category after category. In the social democracies, less than 10% of children grow up in relative poverty (meaning households with less than half of the country’s median income). In the US, the rate of relative poverty exceeds 20%.

American children suffer far more from low birth weight (a major danger signal for later life); being overweight at ages 11, 13, and 15; and very high rates of teenage fertility. There are around 35 births for every 1,000 girls aged 15-19, compared to fewer than ten per thousand in the northern European countries.

Likewise, US children face considerably more violence in society than children in other high-income countries do. That may not be surprising, but it is deeply troubling, because children’s exposure to violence is a major threat to their physical, emotional, and cognitive development. Homicide rates in the US are roughly five times higher than in northern Europe.

One fascinating aspect of the UNICEF study is its use of what is now called “subjective well-being.” This means asking a person directly about his or her life satisfaction. There have been many recent studies of the subjective well-being of adults around the world.  But I know of no comparable research in which children were asked directly about their sense of well-being – a very smart question indeed.

Here, the evidence suggests that northern Europe’s children generally appreciate their remarkable advantages. The children were asked to rate their “life satisfaction” on an 11-step ladder. In the Netherlands, a remarkable 95% of children set their rating at six or higher. In the US, the proportion is much lower, at around 84%. These subjective rankings also correlate highly with the children’s reported quality of interactions with their peers and parents. Some 80% of Dutch children report their classmates to be “kind and helpful,” compared to just 56% of American children.

The costs to the US of allowing so many of its children to grow up in poverty, poor health, poor schools, and poor housing are staggering. A shocking proportion ends up serving time in prison – especially in the case of non-white poor children. Even those fortunate not to fall into the trap of America’s vast prison system often end up unemployed and even unemployable, without the skills needed to obtain and keep a decent job.

Americans have been blinded to these calamitous mistakes partly by a long history of racism, as well as by a misplaced faith in “rugged individualism.” For example, some white families have opposed public financing for education, because they believe that their tax money goes disproportionately to help poorer non-white students.

The result, however, is that everybody loses. Schools underperform; poverty remains high; and the resulting high rates of unemployment and crime impose huge financial and social costs on US society.

The UNICEF findings are powerful. High national incomes are not enough to ensure children’s well-being. Societies that have a strong commitment to equal opportunity for all of their children – and that are prepared to invest public funds on their behalf – end up with much better outcomes.

Every country should compare the conditions of its young people with those reported by UNICEF, and use the results to help guide expanded investment in their children’s well-being. Nothing could be more important for any society’s future health and prosperity.


Extension educators receive countless questions during the holidays regarding safety issues of food they want to prepare or serve. Here are some recent questions and our answers:

A. If giblets were left in the cavity during roasting, even though this is not recommended, the turkey and giblets are probably safe to use. However, if the package containing the giblets has changed shape or melted in any way during cooking, do not use the giblets or the turkey because harmful chemicals from the packaging may have penetrated the surrounding meat.

A. Unfortunately, this roast should not be eaten. It has been out of refrigeration too long. At room temperature, bacteria that may be present multiply very rapidly and some types of bacteria will produce toxins that are not destroyed by cooking, and can possibly cause illness.

Never thaw frozen food on the kitchen counter. Refrigerator thawing is much safer. You may also thaw foods in cold running water or in the microwave. These foods must be cooked immediately to a safe minimum internal temperature before refrigerating.

A. Poultry and hams are smoked for flavor, not preservation. The only exceptions are country hams and dry sausages, which are safe at room temperature because of their high salt content and dryness.

If perishable food arrives warm - above 40 degrees, as measured with a food thermometer - notify the company. It's the shipper's responsibility to deliver the product on time, properly packaged and handled safely; the customer's responsibility is to have someone at home to receive it and refrigerate it immediately.

Q. What should I do? I put a 20-pound turkey in a 200-degree oven before I went to bed last night, and the pop-up timer says it's already done at 7:30 this morning. We won't be eating until 3 p.m.

A. You have two problems here. First, overnight cooking of meat at a low temperature isn't a safe method, so we don't recommend eating this turkey. It's not safe to cook any meat or poultry in an oven set lower than 325 degrees. At 200 degrees, meat remains in the "danger zone" (between 41 and 135 degrees internally) for too long a time, so bacteria multiply rapidly and can form toxins.

Secondly, holding a safely cooked turkey at a safe internal temperature of 140 degrees or above for this amount of time can dry it out and affect the quality. If a safely cooked turkey must be held from 7:30 a.m. to 3 p.m., for optimal safety and quality it should be carved and refrigerated in covered shallow containers and served cold or reheated to an internal temperature of 165 degrees. Use a food thermometer to check the internal temperature.

A. Yes. Food made with eggs and milk - such as pumpkin pie, custard pie and cheesecake - must first be safely baked to a safe minimum internal temperature of 160 degrees. Then, they must be refrigerated after baking.

Eggs and milk have high protein and moisture content and when these baked products are left at room temperature, conditions are ripe for bacteria to multiply. It's not necessary to refrigerate most other cakes, cookies or bread unless they have a perishable filling or frosting.

I hope this information will help keep you and your family safe so you can truly enjoy the holidays.

For more information, podcasts, videos, recipes, activities for children, etc., go to http://holidayfoodsafety.org.

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Marcia Weber is York County's Penn State Cooperative Extension family and consumer sciences educator and certified food safety instructor.


Messy Paperback Conversion for Henry Jenkins’ Convergence Culture

<rant>As someone who used to work in book publishing and who has a wife who still does, I’m pretty sympathetic to the challenges of getting a book into print without typos. That being said, I’m pretty let down by the job NYU Press did in converting the hardcover edition of Henry Jenkins’ Convergence Culture into paperback. Over the past few weeks, I’ve been reading the 3rd printing of the paperback and have been annoyed by the haphazard way the text was reflowed from the layout in the hardcover edition to the layout for the paperback. At least a dozen times in the past 100 pages, I’ve seen hyphenated words that were probably at the end of the line in the hardcover now in the middle of a line. Today, I read a block quote (on page 119) that seemed to be missing at least the final line.</rant>

<praise>Despite the annoyances of the physical text, I am enjoying the book and am finding much that I might be able to use in my credit course this fall.</praise>


Norman Spinrad Trashes Knopf, Sonny Mehta, Chip Kidd and American Publishing

NORMAN Last night, the long-time scifi writer Norman Spinrad (who earlier this year was diagnosed with stomach cancer) published the second of a three-part series on “THE PUBLISHING DEATH SPIRAL.” It’s amazing! In it, he trashes his relationship with Knopf, who sank one of his books, trashes book designer Chip Kidd (for having more power than the editors) and trashes his Knopf editor for being useless, spineless and not so bright. It’s a great read; I don’t agree with all of it but it’s illuminating. One thing that really stands out is the way the U.S. book publishing system is an entirely different animal than that of other countries. In the U.S., publishers will buy books and then, shortly thereafter, not care about them in the slightest, and on some level, Spinrad can’t quite accept that this is a systematic thing. He’s looking for a reason from Knopf honcho Sonny Mehta of why books like his get thrown on the pyre, and actually, there is no reason, and Sonny Mehta doesn’t care about your book! It’s expediency, it’s capitalism, it’s people who don’t have time, it’s because there’s no incentive in American publishing to care. Last week, actually, Spinrad did a pretty good job of explaining the diminishing returns of orders and expectations for writers.

And how does that play out for the author? As he wrote last night:

Without BookScan, order to net, near monopolies on the retailing end, and a conglomeritized industry where the great idioyncratic independents like Scribners, Random House, and yes Knopf, have become mere brand names owned by a scant handful of multinational corporations, a Sonny Mehta, running on whatever motivation, would still be able to assassinate a single novel by publishing it badly, but not the author’s ongoing career.

Or not for sure, anyway. Back in the day, you could write your way out of it if you were good enough by writing a novel great enough to be recognized as a great novel by a single editor with the passion and the leeway to ignore the previous strike-out at bat and swing for the fences. Back in the day, there were many more editors like that because there were many more independent major publishers, hence much more real competition on the acquisition end, hence as much reliance on analog editorial judgement as digital Nielsen numbers.


A recidivist is a person who is released from prison and who later commits another crime, or reoffends, such as a parole violation or the commission of a new crime. Recidivism rates by state vary but California is among the highest in the nation. According to a 2012 report by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, just over 65% of those released from California’s prison system return within three years. This number has not changed significantly over the years. The report also sheds light on some factors that affect recidivism including the fact that 73% of the recidivists committed a new crime or violated parole within the first year of their release from prison. Also, those convicted of property crime are much more likely to recidivate that those convicted of serious crime. Such high prison recidivism rates represent a complete failure of the prison system to achieve its supposed goals of deterrence and rehabilitation.

Recidivism is a multi-tiered problem with no easy answer. Many factors go into a former inmate’s decision to re-offend after release. It is important to note, however, that there have been many studies showing prison programs systems which provide institutional programming have lower recidivism rates among those who are released. Prison programs such as anger management, vocational skills training, educational opportunities, and even trauma support groups are vital to ensuring inmates who are reintroduced to the general population have the life skills necessary to stay on the right path. For example, participants in prison substance abuse programs recidivate at a much lower rate than those who do not participate.

Rates of recidivism are also affected by the reentry services provided to each person released from prison on parole or as a result of a determinate sentence. Reentry projects report that 33% of all prison admissions nationwide are due to parole violations. To reduce recidivism, communities need to consider factors such as the threat of homelessness, mental health services, substance abuse programs, adequate health care, education and employment assistance, and family support. In addition, female inmates may need programs and services that are different from male inmates.

Unfortunately, however, California is one of many states which have stripped its prisons of rehabilitative programming over the years. Legislators and special interests who shape the institutional model for California’s prison system have decreased funding, or defunded altogether, programs which are designed to rehabilitate the prison population by arguing such programs are “soft on crime,” including parole services. As a result, inmates are often unable to participate in programs even if they are interested; wait times for valuable programs can be months or even years. If the system is supposed to work to deter those convicted from committing crimes again and rehabilitate them so that they can become productive members of society upon release, it is clear that the system is doing something wrong when two-thirds of those released ultimately return to prison. The prison system needs to address these recidivism rates and make the changes necessary to meet its goals: deter and rehabilitate.