The immune system is the body’s defense mechanism against foreign agents that invade it, including infectious organisms. A properly functioning immune system must effectively differentiate the cellular constituents of its own body from those of an invading organism that should be attacked while those of its own body should not. This is how the immune system defends the body from pathogens.

An infection will occur if the immune system does not quickly detect and eliminate the foreign organism. Another problem will arise if the immune system mistaken its own body’s cellular components for an invading organism and subsequently attacks them – this problem is known as an autoimmune disease.

Image 1:

Image 1. How the immune system responds to self or foreign antigens.

The failure of the immune system to make a proper distinction between its body’s cellular components and a foreign organism is what leads to kidney damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Other common autoimmune diseases include multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes, Sjogren’s syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.

The cause of this self-destroying behavior of the immune system is not fully known, although, some genetic, hormonal and environmental factors and infections may contribute to autoimmune disease development in patients.

The current procedures for treating a lot of autoimmune diseases involve systematically using anti-inflammatory medications and potent immuno-modulatory and immunosuppressive agents such as steroids and inhibitor proteins that antagonize the activities of inflammatory cytokines. Although these therapies have had some significant effects in correcting immune responses, they still do not work in the treatment of certain patients and may have unpleasant side effects.

According to Wikipedia, stem cell therapy is the administration of stem cells (SCs) to treat or prevent a disease condition. SC transplants have been used for decades in patients with leukemia, lymphoma and other hematologic cancers to help reconfigure their immune systems. Researchers then wondered if the diseases helped by stem cells could be extended to include autoimmune diseases.

Image 2:

Image 2. Application of stem cells.

Much extensive research on stem cells and disease treatment of an autoimmune nature were conducted, and many leading health centers providers offer patients the most effective procedures that are scientifically proven.

The first accepted stem cell therapy for autoimmune disease which is known as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a series of treatment procedures aimed at resetting the dysfunctional immune system of patients who are suffering from severe autoimmune diseases.

Almost every stem cell transplant for autoimmune diseases involves using the patient’s own (autologous) stem cells. Once proven to be effective, this type of stem cell transplant for autoimmune disease will be accessible to many patients, since the need to search for a matching stem cell donor would have been eliminated.

Currently, adult patients are getting SCs for autoimmune diseases treatment from their own bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood but at the rate at which studies are advancing, children of today could undergo analogous transplants using their own umbilical cord blood in the eventuality that they develop an autoimmune disorder later in their lives.

Asides eliminating the need to search for a matching donor, autologous HSCs require lower levels of chemotherapy treatment which helps to reduce the risk of the patient developing life-threatening complications.

Most of the time, the treatment procedures for autologous HSCT involve three major steps and they are:

1. Using bolus infusions of cyclophosphamide (CY) plus subcutaneous injections with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize peripheral blood progenitor cells.

2. Conditioning – this involves subjecting the patient to high doses of chemotherapy or total body irradiation (TBI).

3. Reinfusing the graft product which may or may not involve ex-vivo manipulation.

Since HSCT causes many side effects, some treatment protocols have been developed using only mesenchymal stromal cells, without the application of chemotherapy. This is a more gentle treatment, which also allows you to get a pronounced result without causing damage to the body.

SCs are known for their ability to self-renew, proliferate and mobilize. Their other characteristics include multilineage differentiation and homing. They are of two main groups:

1. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs). When they are obtained approximately three days following fertilization, they are totipotent, which means they can produce more than 200 cell-types including extra-embryonic tissues like the placenta and umbilical cord. ESCs obtained four or five days after fertilization are pluripotent, which means they are capable of producing all cell-types except for extra-embryonic tissues.

2. Adult stem cells (ASCs). They most times produce specific tissue progenitor cells. They are most times multipotent, that is, the number of cell-types they produce is more limited. HSCs are one of such multipotent ASCs and they in turn produce all blood cell-types and immune SCs. The bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord blood are the major sources of HSCs, although they may also be found in peripheral blood albeit at smaller quantities. Also, peripheral SCs like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and multipotent adult progenitor cells have been discovered in many adult tissues. This type of stem cell is widely used for cell-based therapy at regenerative medicine centers, such as Swiss Medica in Europe and others.

More and more evidence suggest that the immuno-modulatory properties of MSCs are responsible for their therapeutic effects. The micro-environmental inflammatory conditions determine how MSCs regulate their immuno-modulatory functions. The anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory effects of MSCs are seen in the regulation of lymphocytes of innate and adaptive immune systems.

An increasing number of evidences also suggest the following about MSCs:

  1. MSCs can modulate the proliferation and function of T cells.
  2. They can regulate the activities of T-helper 1 (TH1) and T-helper 2 (TH2).
  3. The functions of regulatory T cells can be upregulated by MSCs.
  4. MSCs can repress the functions of B cells.
  5. The proliferation and functions of natural killer cells can be impeded by MSCs.
  6. MSCs block the maturation and activation of dendritic cells.
  7. MSCs can facilitate the secretion of cytokine and proliferation in innate lymphoid cells.

Considerable research has been done in clinical medicine concerning the human stem cell and disease conditions of an autoimmune nature. The current options of therapy for treating three types of autoimmune diseases is discussed below.

Stem Cell Therapy for Lupus

Evidence suggests that in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, there is bone marrow dysfunction with a notable decrease in the number of CD34+ cells and also a possibility of a reduction in the proliferation capability of the SCs. There are also increased levels of CD34+ subpopulation apoptosis and a reduction in the frequency of colony-forming units when in comparison with control groups.

According to a report, between 1995 and 2002, the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) reported using HSCT for 53 registered cases of lupus. Between 1997 and 2005, a transplant center in the US also had 50 patients undergo HSCT. The current procedure for stem cell treatment for lupus involves using CY and G-CSF for mobilization and high levels of CY doses and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) coupled with CD34+ selection in vitro. 32 other isolated cases have been reported besides the EBMT/EULAR and American studies. There were 22 cases where clinical remission occurred with the treatment using stem cells and lupus relapse occurred in about 30% of these cases.

What was found out with the use of stem cells for lupus was that the risk of relapse increased with the length of the post-transplantation period. It was also found out that there was no detectable difference in relapse frequency with CD34+ selection or with more intense conditioning.

Also, the lupus stem cell treatment does not come with severe adverse effects and therapies to which patients have been known to be previously resistant can be used to control the disease’s activity. These findings suggest promising results in cases of patients suffering from lupus and stem cells are used for their treatment.

Stem Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis, an organ-specific autoimmune disease, is mediated by T-cells that attack the structural components of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). In this disease, there is an interruption of an electrical signal which is a result of demyelination and loss of axons that comes after inflammation in the CNS.

There are no available curative treatments for multiple sclerosis. Treatments are only able to reduce CNS inflammation and delay disease advancement. The immuno-suppressive and immuno-modulatory actions of analogous HSCT are what multiple sclerosis stem cell therapy is based on. Multiple sclerosis is a multifocal disease and this makes injecting SCs into each affected site practically impossible, meaning that these cellular entities have to be attracted to the pathological locations after their introduction to the patient’s body.

There is an alternative procedure of stem cell therapy multiple sclerosis can be treated with. It involves the intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells. Also, stem cell research for multiple sclerosis indicates that these cellular entities are able to reach the CNS and transdifferentiate or acquire properties of oligodendrocytes and possibly neurons – this provides a possibility that may be effective in the repair of neurons and also re-myelinization.

Stem Cell Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease that can cause irreversible damage to the joints, mobility loss, the need for surgery, and quality of life reduction. Lesions develop as a result of cellular and humoral immune responses. In 80% of rheumatoid arthritis patients, an autoantibody specific to the Fc region of the human immunoglobulin G can be found. This autoantibody is called the rheumatoid factor.

Image 3:

Image 3. Local injection during stem cell therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

A suitable technique in stem cell treatment for rheumatoid arthritis is the mobilization of HSCs with G-CSF. Administering cyclophosphamide before G-CSF has been shown to be somewhat advantageous. Inducing immunosuppression by CY may help decrease the risk of triggering more symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis that is produced by G-CSF. Cyclophosphamide appears to increase HSC levels, aid graft manipulation, while also decreasing the amount of T lymphocytes re-introduced into the system which are potentially pathogenic.

It also seems to facilitate the repair of immuno-competent cellular entities and reestablish the immuno-logical balance without the need to re-infuse HSCs into the patient.

The efficiency of current immunosuppression-based therapies for autoimmune diseases is not too high, and emerging disease-modifying drugs fail to stop the progression of the degenerative processes, in addition to the destructive effect on the entire body. Intravenous and/or local stem cell introduction as an alternative treatment option may lead to a better result.

Cell treatment for autoimmune diseases provides immunosuppressive and immuno-modulatory effects in patients. The use of a stem cell for autoimmune disease treatment helps to restore the dysfunctional immune system. The lymphatic system will be renewed and the diseases’ activities will be reduced which will result in long-term remission.

MSCs offer a positive outlook in the therapy for autoimmune diseases. It is reported that the treatment brought about by these cellular entities may allow for the production of immunosuppressive factors and may help in the repair of tissues damaged by the chronic inflammatory process.


A Strawberry Moon rises along with a partial eclipse on Friday

Lunar Eclipse 2020 On January 10 Timings Duration where to watch Chandra Grahan tomorrow

Sydney Will Be Treated To A 'Strawberry Moon' Eclipse On Saturday Morning

This Strawberry Moon will be much dimmer than the recent series of supermoons, not because the moon will be farther away from the Earth, but because it will pass through part of the Earth's shadow to create a lunar eclipse, Accuweather reported. This is what you have the chance to see on Saturday. During a penumbral eclipse such as Friday's, however, the Moon just nicks the outer shadow of the Earth.

The Strawberry Moon will set at 7:05 a.m. June's full moon usually coincides with the harvesting season of wild strawberries in America and the phenomenon was often addressed in reference to that. This is not because of the moon's pink colour as many would wrongly assume, but rather due to a North American tradition, as per the experts.

British Study Discloses Good News On COVID-19
However, overall prevalence of coronavirus infections rose to one in 80 people from one in 85 the previous week. Government scientists think the Covid epidemic could now be in retreat.

Stargazers listen up: tonight marks the beginning of the eclipse season. During the lunar eclipse, Earth moves in between the sun and the moon and obstruct the sunlight that is reflected by the moon.

In Europe, the moon in June is called by other names like Honey Moon, Mead Moon and Rose Moon. Before going out and looking for a full moon in the skies today, it is important to first understand what a lunar eclipse is. This time around, 57% of the moon will be covered by Earth's penumbra. This is why it may not be worth waking up or staying up for if you've had a late Friday night. The total Solar Eclipse can only be seen from a small area on the Earth.

AirPods Are Already on Major Sale
Another change might be a new wireless chip that may improve efficiency and increase battery life. The Apple Watch Series 3 is now the most affordable way to enjoy the benefits of an Apple Watch.

If not visible from a place, it is to note that there are multiple live streamings of the Strawberry Moon eclipse to take place. It will reach its peak at 5.24am (AEST).

Fantastic photos of full moon tonight in Johannesburg.

Watch the Teaser Trailer for Netflix's 'We Can Be Heroes' Now!
Here we see Logan actor Boyd Holbrook as an unnamed Heroic member being captured by what appears to be a giant robot. It's nearly the exact plot outline as Rodriguez's Spy Kids , but now with kid superheroes instead of kid spies.

How can I photograph the Strawberry Moon?

Moon watchers in India will be able to watch the full moon with their naked eyes unless the sky is too cloudy. Alternatively, you can use your smartphone camera and place it to the eyepiece of a telescope.

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The Gardens with pool

The 1 ¼ acre (5000sqm) garden is wonderfully laid out with indigenous plants and trees and benefits from the extensive panoramic views of the mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. The heated, 10m x 5m infinity pool with its 147sqm of decking, 12 sun loungers and thatched umbrellas is the perfect place to relax or party and enjoy the evening sunset over the ocean.

There is a large (200sqm) flat lawn sufficient to erect a marquee to accommodate up to 80 seated guests + dance floor; there is a separate Boma that can be utilised for wedding ceremonies and parties making Crofters a special wedding or party venue.

The rear garden benefits from a morning sun terrace covered in bougainvilleas and provides the ideal location for an 'al fresco' breakfast.


Just what Romantic Relationship?

A romantic marriage can be described as an emotional or perhaps spiritual connection between a large amount of, either a man and female or a number of people who are near each other in some manner. Though a romantic relationship may possibly involve physical intimacy, it is also an mental or religious connection among two people. While some people prefer the term ‘romantic’ because they believe it has an natural meaning, it is the meaning that persons use that is certainly important. The definition of can refer to a long-term and committed relationship.

Romantic interactions are often established through personal and specialist bonds. In certain cultures, a person is considered to obtain had a great relationship when ever their father and mother were married when they hitched their spouses. In other civilizations, a person is thought to have had an excellent relationship using their parents if perhaps they were brought up together.

Many people have a loving relationship using their spouse. Most of relationships will be more than a person years in length. A lot of romantic relationships last for quite some time, but not generally. If your relationship has survived over a 365 days without changing, then you perhaps are within a good standing. There are many rewards to having a relationship.

If you are having a dating, you have to keep your relationship with your spouse alive and vibrant, in order that you are able to continue living a cheerful and healthier life in concert. If the relationship stops developing, it could affect the other people involved in the relationship. Loving relationships usually involve psychological bonds and are for that reason good for individuals with emotional difficulties.

To keep your romance alive and vibrant, you have to find a good psychological support out of your partner. You might find your partner to get supportive of the feelings, in the event they understand what your intentions will be. However , in cases where they do not, they have to at least try to know what is going on. It may be that they can do not understand fully what is going on, however they can be supportive by letting you through complicated times, encouraging you to do things you will probably have previously thought you could certainly not afford, such as taking a break from your do the job and heading out together.

A romantic relationship can be a great way to convey your feelings and emotions without risking rejection. If you are in a relationship, you could feel a little rejected when you are asked to talk about your feelings can be hurt. Nevertheless , this does not indicate you have to be uncomfortable or ashamed. If you are sense hurt, request your partner if you can quit sharing your emotions and try browse around this site to comprehend them. if you think that the problem is not working out and you are no longer comfortable sharing your emotions with your spouse, you can look for help.


what does hardy annual mean

Annual plants are thus those that last for a portion of but a single year (even in their native climates). What Do Hardiness Zones Mean? What does "a dramatic annual shrub" mean? 6 Jun, 2012; Answers. Gardening books, magazines and plant labels refer to plants as "Hardy" or "Frost hardy" with a rating, which until recently, was a fairly basic indication of the degree of cold and frost the plant or shrub would withstand during the winter. In accounting, revenue is the income that a business has from its normal business activities, usually from the sale of goods and services to customers. A plant that completes its entire life cycle (growth, reproduction, death) in one season. The USDA plant hardiness map is created and updated every few years by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dry soils are more likely to help a half hardy perennial than a wet soil. In reality, a biennial is in between an annual and a perennial because biennials will exist for two years and die. Castor bean is a dramatic annual or tender perennial shrub with deeply lobed leaves, prickly seedpods, and large, speckled seeds. A second annual event is the first time an event has occurred two years in a row. What does Frost Hardy Mean and why does it matter? The boardwalk now finishes off a new planting area that I am really excited about. The terms “hardy” and “annual” might seem mutually exclusive, but they are not. The term “tender” is usually used in reference to perennial plants. The term biennial is in reference to the plant’s longevity. Hardy Perennials. Annual plants live just one growing season, performing their entire life cycle, from seed to flower, in this short period of time. A hardy annual is one that will finish out its full lifecyle, and not be killed by frost." They are distinct from annual plants which will only live for one year. Perennial A perennial is a plant that has a life cycle of more than 2 years. Hardiness of plants describes their ability to survive adverse growing conditions. Here is what you need to know about biennials: The Lifecycle of a Biennial. Capable of withstanding outdoor winter temperatures down to -15C. The common definition of an annual is a plant which is sown from seed, grows, flowers and sets seed within the space of a season. Revenue is also referred to as sales or turnover. Hardiness is genetic. It will be of no surprise to you to know, if it does… don’t put ’em out. In the southern portion of the United States, these plants tend to grow much quicker than in the north due to the warmer weather and extended growing season. When you see “Zones 3-7” on a plant tag, what does it mean? Hardiness of plants is defined by their native extent's geographic location: longitude, latitude and elevation. Hardy annual. Perennial plants have something extra: that "per" in their name. Perhaps you learned this the hard way when a favorite shrub or flower didn't make it through the winter. This annual Chrysanthemum ‘Rainbow Hippy Lovechild’ is available in the discounted bundle. Half-hardy usually means it can survive temperatures between 10 and 20 degrees. In botany, an annual is a plant that lives out its entire life cycle in a single growing season. Hardy biennial. They will not survive frost and must be brought indoors during the winter, for example, pelargonium, fuchsia, and heliotrope. Definition - What does Hardy Annual mean? Aftercare of half hardy seedlings. Many people invest in biennials and don’t know what they’re getting. By Dr. Leonard Perry, Extension Professor University of Vermont Not all plants are hardy in Vermont. Annual flowers can be divided in to hardy annuals and half-hardy annuals. Half-hardy perennials are tender perennials. What does hardy annual flower mean? The root in both words, "annual" and "perennial" (that is, per-annual) is the Latin word for "year," annus. How to overwinter half-hardy perennials in the UK The great British weather can be a real blessing for gardeners and our maritime climate lets us grow plants from around the world. The lower the number is, the lower the temperatures in that zone. The following year, dormant seeds from the original plant will germinate and create the … Drc726 . My understanding of Biennial plants is a plant that has a 2 year cycle, sow one year to flower the next. Individual microclimates and good free-draining soil can make an enormous difference to their ability to survive the winter. Tender Perennials vs. Half-Hardy Perennials. Simply put, annual plants die in the winter season. These plants are often low-maintenance in other regards, as well, tolerating drought, heat and neglect during the summer. But 'bedding' is usually taken to mean those half-hardy annuals or half-hardy perennials planted out to make a splash of colour in the summer. Hardy definition is - bold, brave. Easily grown from seed, a vast choice of hardy annuals is available to offer long-lasting flowers during the warmer months. How to use hardy in a sentence. Find out how to sow half-hardy annual seeds. Read on to find out. Hardy means the perennial can take a full freeze (sometimes well below zero) and it'll still come back. Your intention to repeat the event does not make it annual as it has not yet OCCURRED for more than one year, regardless of intention. Much like my hardy annuals, I plant out at 25cm apart and water in really well. It is usually limited to discussions of climatic adversity. Technically, and in most cases, an annual is a plant that germinates, flowers and dies within the period of one annual growth cycle. Annual and perennial is fairly self explanatory, but what does biennial mean? This is the “hardiness zone,” developed by Harvard’s Arnold Arboretum in Massachusetts and the USDA, who put together guidelines to give gardeners an idea of how well their plants would survive the winter cold. Annual plants are those whose life cycle lasts one year, and these plants are typically propagated by seed. Hardy perennial definition: a plant that lasts three seasons or more and that can withstand freezing temperatures | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples This year, we thought we would make it easier for everyone and post an explanation of what perennial, annual, biennial, hardy, half-hardy and tender mean. Half hardy perennials are used extensively for bedding plants in the UK, and include plants such as Pelargoniums or geraniums as are known. What Does Biennial Mean? Hardy annual definition: a plant that can withstand freezing temperatures and which completes its life cycle... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Perennial or Annual. Half Hardy Bedding Plants. Hardy annuals: sowing in spring. What do these terms mean, and why should you care? See more. Many beginner and average gardeners have never heard of the term “zone hardiness,” or if they have, they have no idea what it means. Dot single plants as accents through your borders, or plant generous drifts between perennials, providing a contrast of foliage and colour. What does "cold hardy" really mean??? Thus a plant's ability to tolerate cold, heat, drought, flooding, or wind are typically considered measurements of hardiness. An annual plant is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then dies.The length of growing seasons and period in which they take place vary according to geographical location, and may not correspond to … You see the words annual and perennial on plant tags and in garden books. Many perennials are hardy to at least zone 4, meaning they survive harsh winters to come back year after year. You cannot have a first annual event in the present or the future, unless you are a time traveling time traveler. Annual/Perennial - A plant can behave as an annual or a perennial depending on local climatic and geographic growing conditions. what does hardy biennials mean. Annual definition, of, for, or pertaining to a year; yearly: annual salary. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has divided North America into 13 different hardiness zones based on temperature and climate. Here’s a rundown of annual versus perennial. Each zone represents ten degrees of temperature difference. 2) "First, let's make a differentiation between annual and perennial. A plant that completes its entire life cycle in two years, growing in the first … Hardy describes a more robust plant that may make it through harsher conditions, such as cold weather. The … After the growing season all parts of the plant will die, leaving only seeds. You only plant them once. So what are biennial plants? PLANT HARDINESS: WHAT DOES IT MEAN? #YoureWelcome ;) Hardy annuals are perhaps the easiest of all the flowers you can grow for your cutting patch. They plant it, expect it to bloom and become frustrated when it does nothing. A hardy annual is just a plant that only lives for a single year, but is hardy enough to hold up to exposure to frost. So Frenchy and I are remodeling our backyard and got part of the new deck, the boardwalk, actually, put in recently. Prick out seedlings into pots or multi-cell trays and grow them on into sturdy plants, ready to drop into border gaps. There are other sub divisions, but we’ll keep it simple for now. It divides North America into eleven zones by minimum average annual temperatures. These fast-growing plants provide an easy and cost-effective way to give naturalistic planting, plug gaps and fill the border with a summer full of colour. I had a disaster last year, if you’re feeling like having a snigger at my misfortune then please click on FROST DISASTER! You must replant them every year. Half-hardy annual definition is - a plant that may endure a few degrees of frost but is killed at lower temperatures (as China aster or zinnia). Perennials are plants that live for three years or longer, categorized as either woody perennials or herbaceous perennials. I can understand that "tender perennial shrub" means "live for many years, that is not winter hardy", but I don't know the meaning of "dramatic" in the above sentence. Depending on your zone, you want to shop for perennials that are hardy to your coldest winter nights. This does not mean that they are any less beautiful than anything more challenging. Perennials come back every year. Definition - What does Annual mean?

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Source: Cushing test flagged for hCG

HOUSTON The AP will also revote for All-Pro outside linebacker, where Cushing initially received five votes and was named to the second team.

Cushing is still among the nominees in the revote. All ballots in the revote are due by early Wednesday afternoon.

Cushing has been suspended for the first four games in 2010 for violating the league's anti-doping policy. He was tested last September, league sources told ESPN NFL Insider Adam Schefter.

After being alerted of the positive test, Cushing was tested randomly numerous times throughout the season and never tested positive again, a source familiar with the case told Schefter.

Cushing said he took the substance during September, the first month of the 2009 schedule. Although Cushing said his positive test was not for a steroid-related substance, the positive test was for something that was considered performance enhancing. Cushing appealed the decision and lost that appeal.

Cushing's test was positive for slightly elevated levels of hCG, the source familiar with the case told Schefter. The level that he tested positive for was so low that it would not have been considered a positive test even a year ago.

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a banned substance that is widely used to stimulate the body's testosterone production after an athlete uses anabolic steroids.

If a player has a medical need for it he can request a therapeutic use exemption, but if he had an exemption, Cushing wouldn't have been suspended.

One person familiar with testing procedures told Schefter that hCG is contained in seminal fluid and that slightly elevated levels can be discovered in the event that a test occurs soon after ejaculation.

Cushing took and passed a lie-detector test to prove he was not guilty of taking a performance-enhancing drug, but his four-game suspension still stands, a league source told Schefter.

Cushing was a runaway winner for the rookie award in balloting by a nationwide panel of 50 sportswriters and broadcasters who cover the league. He received 39 votes, easily beating Buffalo safety Jairus Byrd, who had six.

"This is the first time we've encountered an issue like this," said Lou Ferrara, AP's managing editor for sports and entertainment. "Because these awards are based on on-field performance, we consider it necessary to review the matter and allow for a revote, especially after concerns were raised by many of our voters."

Houston Chronicle columnist John McClain wrote Tuesday that he voted for Cushing to win the award again.

"Why? Because a lot of players have won AP awards after being suspended," he wrote.

Texans owner Robert McNair on Monday criticized the suspension and appeal process that he said doesn't provide enough information to the team.

"The club is left completely out of the loop on that," McNair said. "We're not even notified, it's the league and the player and the players' union. All we know is what's been announced at this point in time."

McNair said Monday that the Texans were aware that Cushing had "an issue" with the NFL last season but didn't know the details.

"Brian had mentioned that he had an issue there, but we don't know what any of the details are, we don't know what doctors he may have consulted with, we don't know what evidence that the league might have had ... which is a very bad position to be in because we're the guy that's got the investment in the player. The league doesn't have any money invested in the player, the union doesn't have any money invested in the player, and yet they get the information and we don't.

"So it's a sensitive area because it is sort of like medical information and there's confidentiality and this sort of thing. But I think it's something that needs to be addressed in the next collective bargaining agreement."

The NFL did not immediately comment on McNair's statement.

Although he is suspended for the Texans' first four games (Houston's opponents: Indianapolis, Washington, Dallas and Oakland), Cushing can participate in preseason practices and games.

Cushing will not be eligible for next season's Pro Bowl -- he made the AFC team last January, but did not play, citing several injuries -- or any NFL-sponsored awards.

"In the year a player is notified of and serves his suspension, he is ineligible for selection to the Pro Bowl or to receive any other honors or awards from the league or the NFL Players Association," NFL spokesman Michael Signora said Monday.

That includes player of the week and player of the month awards, the Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award and the Super Bowl most valuable player award.

Cushing, the 15th overall pick in last year's draft out of Southern California, had 133 tackles in 2009. The Texans finished 9-7 last season for their first winning record thanks in part to the improvement of a young defense that features Cushing, star middle linebacker DeMeco Ryans and 2006 top overall pick Mario Williams.

Veteran Kevin Bentley, who appeared in each game for Houston last season but never started, is Cushing's backup at outside linebacker.

However, the Texans are likely to cover for Cushing's absence by moving Zac Diles into Cushing's spot and inserting Xavier Adibi into the spot vacated by Diles.

Cushing was hounded by rumors of performance-enhancing drug use before he became a pro, but the Texans were undeterred. They said then they found no truth to those rumors in their draft preparations.

"Brian, what he has said, is he's been taking the same supplements ... for the last 10 or 15 years and he's been checked umpteen times and it hadn't shown up to be any kind of problem," McNair said. "So what happened, I don't know. He doesn't know at this point in time.

"The fact [is] that he didn't think he would get the suspension, but that's the way it is at this point in time and we accept it and we need to move on."

Cushing's case differs from San Diego's Shawne Merriman, who won the 2005 defensive rookie award, then tested positive in the 2006 offseason for steroids contained in a supplement. Carolina's Julius Peppers won the 2002 award even though he had already been suspended for the final four games of the season for violating the league's drug policy -- he used a dietary supplement that contained a banned substance.

Information from ESPN NFL Insider Adam Schefter, ESPN's T.J. Quinn,'s Paul Kuharsky and The Associated Press was used in this report.

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Host: Hudson Institute. Since revelations of Iran’s nuclear intentions became public in 2002, the U.S. and its allies have remained focused on the question of what a nuclear Iran would mean for the Middle East. Given the monumental concerns derived from the prospect of a nuclear Iran, less attention has been paid to Iran’s two key proxies, Hamas and Hezballah. Both terrorist organizations have been instrumental in attempting to destabilize the Levant in the past few years, whether by undermining the democratically elected Lebanese government through violent tactics or by attacking Israel. The questions that emerge are: How does Iranian backing for these two groups relate to their recent actions in the region? Does it represent a greater Iranian strategy in the Levant? What do Iran, Hezballah, and Hamas ultimately hope to achieve? Can Hamas or Hezballah be expected to become moderate by coming to power? To address these and related questions, Hudson Institute’s Center for Middle East Policy, directed by Meyrav Wurmser, will host a conference featuring a series of panel discussions.

Added by insideronline on November 18, 2008

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Tuesday, March 20, 2018

The Distribution and Redistribution of US Income

The Congressional Budget Office has published the latest version of its occasional report on "The Distribution of Household Income, 2014" (March 2018). It's an OK place to start for a fact-based discussion of the subject. Here is one figure in particular that caught my eye.

The vertical axis of the figure is a Gini coefficient, which is a common way of summarizing the extent of inequality in a single number. A coefficient of 1 would mean that one person owned everything. A coefficient of zero would mean complete equality of incomes.

In this figure, the top line shows the Gini coefficient based on market income, rising over time.

The green line shows the Gini coefficient when social insurance benefits are included: Social Security, the value of Medicare benefits, unemployment insurance, and worker's compensation. Inequality is lower with such benefits taken into account, but still rising. It's worth remembering that almost all of this change is due to Social Security and Medicare, which is to say that it is a reduction in inequality because of benefits aimed at the elderly.

The dashed line then adds a reduction in inequality due to means-tested transfers. As the report notes, the largest of these programs are "Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (measured as the average cost to the government of providing those benefits); the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly known as the Food Stamp program); and Supplemental Security Income." What many people think of as "welfare," which used to be called Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) but for some years now has been called Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), is included here, but it's smaller than the programs just named.

Finally, the bottom  purple line also includes the reduction in inequality due to federal taxes, which here includes not just income taxes, but also payroll taxes, corporate taxes, and excise taxes.

A few thoughts:

1) As the figure shows, the reduction in inequality for programs aimed at the elderly--Social Security and Medicare--is about as large as the total reduction in inequality due to all the reduction in inequality that happens from mean-tested spending and federal taxes.

2) Moreover, a large share of the reduction in inequality shown in this figure is a result of "in-kind' programs that do not put any cash in the pockets of low-income people. This is true of the health care programs, like Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program, as well as of the food stamp program. These programs do benefit people by covering a share of health care costs or helping buy food, but they don't help to pay for other costs like the rent, heat, or electricity.

3) Contrary to popular belief, federal taxes do help to reduce the level of inequality. This figure shows the average tax rate paid by those in different income groups. The calculation includes all federal taxes: income, payroll, corporate, and excise. It is the average amount paid out of total income, which includes both market income and Social Security benefits.

4) Finally, to put some dollar values on the Gini coefficient numbers, here is the average income for each of these groups in 2014. (Remember, this includes both cash and in-kind payments from the government, and all the different federal taxes.)
Figure 8.
Average Income After Transfers and Taxes, by Income Group, 2014
Thousands of Dollars
Lowest Quintile 31,100
Second Quintile 44,500
Middle Quintile 62,300
Fourth Quintile 87,700
Highest Quintile 207,300
81st to 90th Percentiles 120,400
91st to 95th Percentiles 159,100
96th to 99th Percentiles 251,500
Top 1 Percent 1,178,600
Source: Congressional Budget Office.
(I'm a long-standing fan of CBO reports. But n the shade of this closing parenthesis, I'll add in passing that the format of this report has changed, and I think it's a change for the worse. Previous versions had more tables, where you could run your eye down columns and across rows to see patterns. This figure is nearly all figures and bar charts. It's quite possible that I'm more in favor of seeing underlying numbers and tables than the average reader. And it's true that you can go to the CBO website and see the numbers behind each figure. But in this version of the report, it's harder (for me) to see some of the patterns that were compactly summarized in a few tables in previous reports, but are now spread out over figures and bar graphs on different pages.)


| 17 May 2021, Monday | النسخة العربية

President Aoun greets workers on Labor day : I’ll stand with you to the end !

The President of the Republic Michel Aoun tweeted the following via his account:

“I send my sincere greetings to the workers of Lebanon. You are the pillar of the promised revival, and your efforts and hard work will inevitably result in ending the suffocating crisis witnessed today.”

“My priority today is to stand with you to the end, together we can implement reform and hold accountable those who are responsible for corruption. This is how you can enjoy your rights and your decent life again.”


NVIDIA GameWorks Integration

@WindyStrife - Did you find a workaround ?

any person update hairworks in 4.24

If it doesn’t have to be HairWorks specifically, have you tried TressFX? TressFX Hair For Unreal [Release, Open Source] - Unreal Engine Forums
I think their version is based on 4.23 atm.

we download branch and compile visual studio 2019 but error we try other branch 4.24 or 4.23 but visual studio 2019 every time error any idea

I managed to build their TressFX integration but the engine is still a bit unstable and I think it has something to do with Tressfx shader and Planar Reflection activated, I’m still trying to figure it out. Visually, Hairworks still looks and performs better than TressFX on my rig. Hopefully someone will manage to port Hairworks to 4.23 or 4.24.

I would be forever grateful! :smiley:

I managed to successfully build their TressFX integration with Visual Studio 2017. Have you tried building it with this version? :slight_smile:

hairworks look realistic

hello everybody !! are there any updated on whether if and when we’ll see Gameworks in 4.23 ??
I’m itchyyy

It would be great if someone WOuld be get HBAO, working on 4.24 too, iw as trying but i have Compile errors :I

I think the most lack of hairworks is it seems doesn’t support tranceparent. TressFX has a soft look, it can run 90 FPS for 1 hair model in my GTX 1050 CARD.
Maybe the new hair component in version 4.24 will have a wonderful solution.

4.24 hairworks is the best IMO

Hi, is there any waveworks 4.24.1?

Hi everyone,

For our senior project, we requested a new version of WaveWorks. Therefore, we need to integrate the new version to one of the Unreal Engine versions.
We would like to know how to do it.
Can someone walkthrough us?

Many thanks,
Kaan Taha Koken
METU - Computer Engineering

help me please, I did everything according to the instructions but when I open the page I get an error pops out help !!!

Do you have a link to the TressFX integration used here?

Why ALL of the GitHub links is 404? Can someone actually post a 4.23.1???

You need to have your Epic and Github accounts linked to access private UE repo or it’s forks: Unreal Engine 4 on GitHub - Unreal Engine

Olento. So 4.21 is still the most complete integration of Gameworks for Unreal that is fully functioning? I assume because of the rendering changes. Does Epic have something coming that might make the effort to get things like FLOW working in 4.23 or 24 a waste of time or something? Just curious before deciding to anchor a new project on 4.21. Thanks. Amazing contributions by the way.

Yes it’s basically the 4.22+ rendering changes that stalled this. I have Flow running on 4.22 but it doesn’t render anything unless you use it through cascade particles. Porting the actual flow sim to 4.24 is fairly trivial, but the flow’s own smoke rendering would still be broken.

I don’t know if Epic is cooking anything in regards of the fluid sims (besides those Ryan Brucks experiments).

How with Niagara you can make a liquid (for example, in a barrel), as in NVIDIA FleX?
Or in which branch is better to write this question?


Sent to subscribers in May 2020

As I am writing this note, the global tsunami effect of the Coronavirus is shaking, affecting, or perhaps destroying public health, businesses, work life, and family reunions. COVID-19 news and the defense against the Coronavirus have become the central part of our daily preoccupations. The outbreak and spreading of the virus on a global scale present challenging issues to which a significant number of public and private entities appear to have been ill-prepared.

While most of the updates to the chapters that are part of this Supplement #32 were written at a time when the threat and global effects of the virus in a particular country were not yet felt or anticipated, some of our contributors were living and working in difficult conditions under strict lockdown orders.

Special thanks to Marissa Xiao Dong and Guo Jinghe (China) and Raffaele Zallone (Italy) for producing their country updates while their respective countries and healthcare systems were deeply shaken by the effect of the destructive contagion. They worked on their country updates during their respective “lockdown,” “confinement,” “self-isolation,” or “retrenchment” periods. Thank you for your team spirit and the gift of your time in such dramatic circumstances.

The seriousness and intensity of the attack on people’s health and the dramatic consequences for countries’ healthcare ecosystems have significant business and legal implications involving almost every possible area: advertising, admiralty, bankruptcy, children, commercial, contracts, education, employment, health, insurance, telecommunications, telemarketing, torts, trademarks, trade secrets, and much more.

Privacy and information security are among the legal and practical issues to take into account. Privacy is highly vulnerable in a time  when public health concerns may not be consistent with personal interest or civil liberties. Consider, for example, the civil rights concerns related to the collection of location data to track the path of the virus.

Most existing privacy and data protection laws do not address, or only at the highest level, how to handle personal information in case of a major event. How much information should be disclosed when an employer faces the fact that one employee has been infected? Who should be provided with the information? When looking at the interests of the community, providing transparency and disclosing the details of the effect of the virus may help save lives. Collecting or sharing personal details that may allow tracking an individual’s whereabout might help identify useful information or trends that help fight against the spread of the virus but also opens the door to monitoring and surveillance and provides a means of encroaching on civil liberties, the future effect of which might not be stopped.

Significant security concerns are also at the forefront. The quarantine or isolation strategies require businesses and government agencies to send their personnel home to be shielded from contagion. While they help reduce the risk of infection, these strategies may put at risk the security shield that protects files and data. What level of security is provided to the confidential or strategic business records or the highly sensitive personal information that are now processed on a family computer, on the proverbial “kitchen table”? How is the security of the information preserved? What is the level of awareness of the potential risks to the confidentiality and security of all the contracts, reports, customer lists that are transferred among co-workers, or between a worker and the company’s headquarters where internal measures, physical and technical security might be lacking or deficient, and there is little experience or training on how to protect the company’s crown jewels, or those of its clients or customer?

I hope that our next Supplement will be produced in less dramatic and concerning circumstances.

Keep safe! Keep healthy!


18 physics glossaries

Physics is a field full of mysteries and with its own lingo. To help you decipher it, we have put together a collection of glossaries covering a variety of terms and concepts.

Alcyone Systems – Laws, rules, principles, effects, paradoxes, limits, constants, experiments, & thought-experiments in physics.

Lock Haven University – Physics can be confusing as it is, but this website has compiled a list of frequently misused or misunderstood physics terms and concepts, which you can browse alphabetically.

NASA – An important field in physics is solar physics, and it has its own list of terms. Here is a glossary that focuses on that.

Idaho State University – A list of radiation related terms and their definitions. Not that encompassing, but it contains the most commonly used ones.

Annenberg Learner – Amusement parks use physics to provide fun for their customers, and this is a glossary of physics terms with a focus on those used in the creation of amusement parks.

National Oceanic and Athmospheric Administration – We give you a glossary of solar – terrestrial physics terms and terminology.

Wikipedia – A collection of Wikipedia pages of physics terms, each of them with extensive explanations, data and cross-reference.

Interactions.org – Browse through a list of definitions focused on particle physics, from ‘ab’ to ‘ZEUS’.

About – Physics is the field where sometimes a common word can have a very specific interpretation. This physics dictionary provides useful definitions in exploring this subject.

Hands-on-Physics – A short list of terms and their definitions, on the subject of advanced mechanics.

Physics of the Universe – A glossary with brief definitions and explanations of some of the concepts, laws, theories and technical terms used when talking about the physics of the universe. Some entries have key words with connected pop-up windows.

AQA – Designed as a resource for teachers, this is a glossary of terms related to measurements used in physics. 4 pages long and downloadable.

Kalyan City Life – If you’re looking for a crash course in physics, then here is a website dedicated to basic physics terminology for science students. It will also help linguists specialising in this field.

Crain’s Petrophysical Handbook – A website dedicated to information on the laws of physics, in either of the two categories (classical physics and atomic physics), each with to the point explanations.

RationalWiki – The six main terms that make the basis of quantum physics, explained.

Quizlet – A list of quantum mechanics terms and terminology, each with a short definition which you can hear out loud at the click of a button.

Tufts Health Sciences Web Server – Ten downloadable pages of information on ultrasound physics and terminology, organised into categories.

Horizon – From mechanics to nuclear physics, a glossary of the most common terms for each field of physics.


Quick Answer: What Is Difference Between MVP And MVC?

Why Mvvm is better than MVC iOS?

Just like MVC, there are pros and cons to working with MVVM.

Due to the decoupling of UI and business logic, the MVVM design pattern results in more flexible and easier-to-read classes..

Is angular a MVC?

In a nutshell, angular 2 is a component based MVC framework. The components and directives are the controllers, the template (HTML) processed by Angular and the browser is the view, and if you don’t combine the model with the controller, you get a MVC pattern.

What is MVP in Android with example?

MVP is an architecture pattern that you can use to deal with some of the shortcomings of MVC, and is a good alternative architecture. It provides an easy way to think about the structure of your app. It provides modularity, testability and, in general, a more clean and maintainable codebase.

What is MVC approach?

MVC Pattern stands for Model-View-Controller Pattern. This pattern is used to separate application’s concerns. Model – Model represents an object or JAVA POJO carrying data. It can also have logic to update controller if its data changes.

What is MVC and MVP?

The only difference of Presenter in MVP from the Controller in typical MVC is that it also decides what will happen when you interact with the View. That’s why it is easier to unit test it by mocking the View and Model. … MVP in Android is widely used design pattern as it is more testable and readable.

What is difference between MVVM and MVP?

In MVP the View is actually your application while Presenter handles the app flow. In MVVM code classes (ViewModel) are the application, while the View is the interface allowing users to interact with the app.

Which architecture is best for Android?

MVVM separates your view (i.e. Activity s and Fragment s) from your business logic. MVVM is enough for small projects, but when your codebase becomes huge, your ViewModel s start bloating. Separating responsibilities becomes hard. MVVM with Clean Architecture is pretty good in such cases.

Is MVC a react?

React isn’t an MVC framework. React is a library for building composable user interfaces. It encourages the creation of reusable UI components which present data that changes over time.

Is Mvvm better than MVC?

The view model then provides data from the model in a form that the view can easily use, as Microsoft states. The main difference between MVC and iOS MVVM is that MVVM’s distribution pattern is better than in the previously-listed MVC, but when compared to MVP it is also massively overloaded.

Does Android use MVC?

Most Android developers use a common architecture called MVC, or Model-View-Controller. This pattern is classic, and you will find it in the majority of development projects. It’s not the only software pattern, but it’s the one we’ll study in this course and apply to our TopQuiz application.

What is difference between MVP MVC Mvvm in Android?

Differences to MVP. MVVM uses data binding and is therefore a more event driven architecture. MVP typically has a one to one mapping between the presenter and the view, while MVVM can map many views to one view model In MVVM the view model has no reference to the view, while in MVP the view knows the presenter.

What is MVC MVP and MVVM pattern?

MVC, MVP, and MVVM are three most popular design patterns. … All these design patterns by and large help in developing applications that are loosely combined, easy to test and maintain. However, there’s a framework called MVVMCross that allows you to integrate MVVM design pattern to Android and iOS platforms.

Why is MVP better than Mvvm?

The advice hides rather in data-binding. In cases where binding with DataContext is not possible, most developers prefer MVP (Windows Forms being a great example). MVVM is of preference in cases where binding with DataContext is possible, as there are less interfaces and less code to maintain.

What is MVP Android?

MVP (Model View Presenter) pattern is a derivative from the well known MVC (Model View Controller), and one of the most popular patterns to organize the presentation layer in Android Applications.

What is MVP design?

Model–view–presenter (MVP) is a derivation of the model–view–controller (MVC) architectural pattern, and is used mostly for building user interfaces. In MVP, the presenter assumes the functionality of the “middle-man”. In MVP, all presentation logic is pushed to the presenter.


Helping a child heal involves helping them be themselves. One of the best ways to foster this type of environment is to cultivate safety. The therapist knowing the playroom is safe is not enough; the child must know it too. This webinar explores what a neuroception of safety is and how to create it within the child and yourself.

Neuroception of Safety in the Playroom Objectives:

  • Discuss the different branches of the nervous system and their relationship with cultivating safety in the playroom
  • Describe the importance of being “one foot in” and “one foot out” as a way to stay regulated in sessions
  • Describe what a neuroception of safety is and the role of the therapist in helping create it in the playroom

Please click on the lesson below to watch the video, take the quiz, and print your certificate for credit.


Quick Answer: Is Bending Down Bad When Pregnant?

Is it safe to massage a pregnant belly?

– Avoid massage of your belly.

Firm massage of your pregnant belly could cause problems.

Leave the tummy rubbing to a gentle partner.

– Avoid massage of your feet, ankles, and hands between the thumb and next finger..

What happens if you accidentally sleep on your back while pregnant?

However, sleeping on your back is not recommended as it causes your abdomen to rest on your intestines and some major blood vessels. Pressure from the abdomen can cause a variety of health problems, the most serious of which is a lack of blood flow to mom and baby.

Is it bad to sit all day while pregnant?

Can I hurt my baby by sleeping on my right side?

Is it OK to sleep on my right side while pregnant?

Can missionary hurt the baby?

Can I breastfeed my husband during pregnancy?

Why shouldn’t you cross your legs when pregnant?

That said, muscles strains, backaches, and cramps are all common during pregnancy. While sitting with your legs crossed won’t hurt your baby, it may contribute to ankle swelling or leg cramps. If you find your ankles swelling or your legs cramping, try sitting with both feet on the floor or elevated on a stool.

What are some bad signs during pregnancy?

Warning Signs During Pregnancybleeding or leaking fluid from the vagina.blurry or impaired vision.unusual or severe abdominal pain or backaches.frequent, severe or continuous headaches not relieved with Tylenol.contractions before 37 weeks; more than six contractions an hour that last more than one hour.decrease in the baby’s movements.dizziness.More items…

Does sitting position affect baby?

Avoid slouched sitting – even though it may feel comfortable for a while but consistent slouching can stress the already sensitised muscles during pregnancy & increase the risk of aches & pains. While sitting, take care that the back is straight and well supported with knees bent & touching the floor.

Can I squish my baby by sleeping on my stomach?

Can I breastfeed my husband in Islam?

Can I breastfeed my husband without being pregnant?

Can I breastfeed my husband after delivery?

What does it feel like to have a baby inside of you?

What if I accidentally slept on my stomach while pregnant?

Which fruits should avoid during pregnancy?

How can I bend during pregnancy?

To lift correctly, bend at your knees — not at your waist. Keep your back as straight as possible. Use your leg muscles to stand, keeping the object close to your body. As your pregnancy progresses, everyday activities such as sitting and standing can become uncomfortable.

Why does it hurt to bend when pregnant?

The round ligaments are located on either side of the uterus and connect the uterus to the groin. During pregnancy, the ligaments stretch as the uterus grows, which can cause the sharp pain. This pain commonly occurs with changes in position, such as sitting to standing or bending down.

Can I hurt my baby by pressing on my stomach?

What month should a pregnant woman stop working?


What Is The Goddess Of Nature?

Is there a Greek goddess of nature?

Titaness and goddess of nature.

Daughter of the earth goddess Gaia and the sky god Uranus, and known as “the mother of gods”..

Who is the strongest goddess?

Who is the goddess of fire?

HestiaGreek mythology Hestia, goddess of the hearth and its fires.

Who is the ugliest god in Greek mythology?

Is there a female god of war?

Enyo has been written about as a companion of Ares, God of War, though she is also called his sister, his wife, and sometimes his mother. Well, the Olympian Gods did tend to marry their siblings. Anyway, since November is Warrior Woman Month, we’re going to give you a rundown on Enyo, Goddess of War.

Who is the beautiful goddess of nature?

ArtemisArtemis is the Greek goddess of nature, the hunt, the dark, the light, the moon, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity, fertility, young girls, and health and plague in women and childhood.

What religion has a female god?

Who is the god of wood?

Silvanus | Roman god | Britannica.

What is the name of a female god?

goddessA goddess is a female deity.

Who are the 12 Greek goddesses?

Who was the kindest goddess?

Who is the Greek god or goddess of nature?

Who is the strongest female goddess?

Here is a list of the top 10 ancient Greek goddesses:Nemesis. … Leto. … Rhea. … Aphrodite. … Demeter. … Artemis. … Hera. Also known as the goddess of marriage and birth, Hera was the wife of Zeus and by extension, also the queen of all gods. … Athena. At the top of the list comes the goddess of wisdom, reasoning, and intelligence – Athena.More items…•

What are nature spirits called?

devasThe concept of devas as nature spirits was further developed in the writings of Theosophist Geoffrey Hodson. It is believed that there are numerous different types of devas with a population in the millions performing different functions on Earth to help the ecology function better.


Coronavirus Needs To Cleanse Us

This is a disaster, right? Yes, right. But also, stop. We have an opportunity here to rise from a disaster to create a new norm.

We can rebuild from this in a way we didn’t now we were needing to rebuild. We can look inside ourselves and learn what we didn’t know we were needing to learn. We can arise out of this in a glorious way we didn’t know we were needing to rise.

We can spend our time in valuable ways that will bring new meaning to our lives after we exit this. We can:

  • Reflect. Take account of our life, of our relationships, of the state of the world, of who we are and how we are and why we are. Evaluate our purpose and how we feel, re-ground in our body and in our intentions.
  • Create New Habits. Take on habits that can create meaning in the here and now for us, but that can also be implemented in our life when we get out of this. For example, we can to a brief five minute meditation everyday or invest in learning an applicable skill that will help us and also perhaps help others. We can learn how to cook healthy dishes or hone that home workout routine.
  • Heal Wounds. Time heals wounds, but wisdom can assist that healing. We can take this time to learn about our self healing journey through accessible books, courses and podcasts online. We can use this time to seek help and to be truthful with where our well-being is at, where we would like it to be and what we can do to get there.
  • Research the Possible. What have you been missing in your life that you have told yourself you can’t have? What have you become passive to and what have you blamed that state of passivity on? Now is the time to invest in new opportunities and research how you can go about achieving what you want. Do a deep dive on the internet or talk to people you wouldn’t have otherwise talked to. Now is the time to research the possible.
  • Pursue New Starts. In the pause we can use excess time on our hands to pursue that which we have put on hold again and again and again. Or, we can use our research to pursue an option we didn’t know was available. This time can spring opportunities that we didn’t even know we had the option to pursue.

This list can be complemented by your own exploration. If we use this time in a meaningful way we can rise out of this disaster stronger, smarter and more resilient.

Please drop me a line with any of your own inventive solutions during this time. How are you investing in yourself and your future? ￼

Stay safe and prosper.

Speaking Your Feelings to Relative Strangers

You want to be your true authentic self. You fight to be true to you every second of every day, and to those that tell you not to – well, pardon my French, but f**k them. Right?

Okay, sure. I get you. I’ve been there over and over again myself. And yeah, it can feel good to tell someone off like you are some King Kong yourself standing your ground banging your chest. But, after the rise, what is the fall? What do you suffer? Did it really help you?

So when it comes to telling off people you don’t know intimately here are some questions I’d try asking yourself first. When you’ve asked these questions take a step back and re-evaluate them later before deciding to take it to that person.

1. What do I achieve from saying this? What do I tangibly get by saying something to them versus going within myself and dealing with what the turmoil is?

2. How well do I know this person and how they might respond? How could the spectrum of possible responses effect me?

3. Who is this person to me? Beyond human nature, is there a reason their response or validation is important to me? Why am I putting so much of my energy on this interchange?

4. Why did this happen? What did it spark in me and why might it have sparked that in me? Might I be reading into the situation?

5. How might I feel about the situation if I focused my energy on something else for just a few hours?

6. Has this happened before? Many times? With other people? Other relative strangers? What happened in those situations? What was the outcome?

If you answer these questions and come to the decision to say something then the next set of questions would be: if I’m going to say it, how am I going to say it? How can I hedge my bets to achieve results versus damage?

If you’ve been in this situation before, let me know. I’d love to hear how you handled it and what your outcome was.


In the process of engineering investigation of rock mass, it is of great significance to obtain precise rock structural surface properties for rational design of the project and prevention of geological disasters during construction. A new three-dimensional topological feature description method for the rock face was proposed. This method is based on the circular structural profile line observed in the borehole and digital borehole camera technology application in three-dimensional topographical feature of the rock structure plane. This paper is based on the borehole wall plane development graph as the basic data, the basic information such as the occurrence of rock structural planes on the borehole wall is analyzed, and the structural surface section lines extracted from the borehole plane development diagram of the digital image processing technology are used. According to the three-dimensional information feature of the profile line on the structural wall of the hole wall, the profile feature parameters of the profile lines in each direction are calculated, and the structural surface is formed by referring to the correspondence between the profile feature parameters and the structural surface roughness coefficient (JRC). Then the roughness coefficient rose diagram is made to describe the three-dimensional roughness of the rock structure surface.

In recent years, China has gradually attached importance to the use of underground space in cities and the exploration and development of deep resources. Many major projects have gradually been put on the agenda, and engineering safety issues have also increased. The use of test technology by engineering designers to obtain precise and accurate engineering properties of deep rock masses is of great significance to the rational design of the project and the prevention of geological disasters during construction.

The study of rock structural planes is the basic work of analyzing the engineering properties of rock masses. Numerous studies and experiments have shown that the mechanical properties of the rock face are not only related to the characteristics of the wall rock and the combined state of the face, but also affected by the surface morphology of the face.

For a hard structural surface with a small degree of filling, the surface morphology of the structural surface is the main influencing factor controlling the mechanical properties of the structural surface (Gao et al.,2010). However, obtaining information on deep rock structural planes by drilling and coring has many limitations. First, during the core drilling process, due to the rotational displacement of the core, the exact information of the rock structural plane is destroyed. Secondly, the disturbances such as high-speed rotation of the drill bit and the circulation of the drilling fluid in the coring tube generate a structural plane on the core affect the determination of structural surface closure (openness) and structural surface filling. It can be seen that using core data as a source of rock structural plane information is not accurate enough. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an in-situ measurement technique to directly measure the structural plane of the hole wall of the drilled hole and obtain the surface morphology information of structural plane on the hole wall.

This content is only available via PDF.


Updated date:

Hidden Talents and How to Become an Expert Using a Personality Test

Michelle Vedros has 1 1/2 years left to be an RN at charity school of nursing. She has studied self help subjects for 25 years.

Developing Expertise using Isabel Myers' MBTI Test, and the Myers Example of What Makes Expertise

Many scholars argue that efficient practice is the answer to obtaining expertise. However, besides practice, Isabel Briggs Myers (1897-1980), a successful, psychological type theorist, use mentorship, interest, and innate talent to develop her expertise. (Marselle, A Correlational Study 11). Type theory is the analysis and study of all the possible personality types of people. I will give examples of how Myers' life reflect expertise with the majority of this paper emphasizing the importance of personality. In addition, I will show evidence to support this argument about personality's importance with a test developed by Myers. More specifically, through Myer's competence in personality type, she pinpoints what natural abilities a person has through the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality test (The Myers & Briggs). More over, this paper will not be complete without mentioning the opinions of other scholars.

Coyle's and Erickson's Arguments

Through researching, one can see that many scholars' focus is on the argument that efficient practice creates mastery. Isabel Myer's success shows this argument is true, because she practiced researching for forty years. For instance, she enhances Coyle's theory of "deep practice" in the Talent Code (16). In this book, he explains how soccer players become talented through efficient practice. However, he argues against innate talent (19). In addition, he does not emphasize how important their coaches' and families' inspiration are (Coyle 13-16). Erickson states in the article of the Harvard Business Review, “The Making of an Expert”, that effective practice creates an expert, but, like Coyle, fails to include mentorship, interest, and personality in his investigations (1). Isabel Myers has shown the importance of these factors through her life experiences and research.

The History of Isabel Myers and the MBTI

In the early 1900s, Katharine Briggs and daughter, Isabel Myers, became interested in people watching. Then, Briggs became fascinated in type theory after reading Psychological type, first published in 1921 by a well-known psychologist and mentor, Carl Jung. At the time of World War II, where women were forced to take soldier's jobs, Katharine Briggs noticed many women disliked their jobs and did not perform them well. Coincidently, Isabel Myers, took interest in her mother's endeavors at a young age which shows the power of inspiration and interest (Thomson x). Then, Myers cleverly formed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to help these working women find jobs that fit them better. She also made this test to bring peace and understanding between people at a time of war. Myer's role model was her father, a research physicist, who showed her the value and knowledge of research proving the importance of mentorship (Marselle, Become Who 1).

The Uses of the MBTI

The test is a huge questionnaire that discovers a person's character type, and has many uses. There are 16 types of personality possibilities. This test guides people to choose careers they will be better at, and choose relationships that have a better chance of success. In addition, it helps a person to understand other people of different types, to understand oneself, to manage different personality types, to sell to different personality types, and to grow as a person. It also shows a person's weaknesses and strengths (The Myers & Briggs).

Some of the Achievements of Isabel Myers and the Myers-Briggs Personality Test

The Myers-Briggs personality test is a very popular test used today making Myers' expertise a success. After being rejected, she finally received her doctorate award in 2001 twenty years after her death. (Kroeger, Otto, and Tuesen Foreword). In addition, the Myers-Briggs indicator has a journal called the Journal of Psychological Types and, Myers' success affords her a library with countless books, articles, essays, journals, and videos. Another establishment came when an MBTI research organization called the Center for the Applications of Psychological Type (CAPT) was created (Marselle, A Correlational Study 12). Myer's expertise obtained great results since, the MBTI test is utilized in countless business organizations, schools, and colleges (Thomson Foreword).

16 Types of Personalities Using the MBTI

OWLHAVEN.NET BY Mary Ostyn 11/25/14

OWLHAVEN.NET BY Mary Ostyn 11/25/14

Explanation of the four Dichotomies of the Personality and Carl Jung's Research

Carl Jung's theory establishes three parts to every person's personality. Each part plays a tug-of-war between two forces pulling in opposite directions. The first part of the personality becomes one of two polar opposites, which is introversion verses extroversion. Extroverts love socializing and introverts enjoy more time alone. Jung states that everyone has both sides in them but prefers to use one to the other. According to Jung, the second dichotomy of the personality is a function that is used when gathering information called intuition (gut feeling/theory/ideas) verses sensing (concrete information). The third part of the personality used when making decisions is thinking (logic) verses feeling (values). Isabel Myers created the MBTI personality test from these theories of Carl Jung. However, she made the test easier for nonprofessionals to understand. More importantly, she added the 4th part of the personality, which is perceiving verses judging. The perceiver values freedom and leaving his/her options open. He/she does not like routine or structure. Whereas the judging type would rather make decisions, and follow structure. (qtd. in Marselle, A Correlational Study 8-11). These descriptions are just the tip of the iceberg.

Examples of How the Four Letters Work Together as a Whole

How can this information be helpful in deciding on a career? When all four parts of the personality is combined, it tells a lot about that person's capabilities. For example, an ISTJ (introverted, sensing, thinking, judging) would be better at accounting jobs, because this type of personality is naturally detail oriented, logical, conservative, and introverted. Ironically, Isabel Myer's personality type is INFP (introverted, intuitive, feeling, and perceiving). A person with this type of personality loves looking at possibilities and potential in people (Marselle, Become Who 1). Therefore, Myers is a perfect example of how one's nature plays a role in expertise since her interest and abilities coincide with her personality type (INFP).

Conclusion of Expertise and Inborn Talent

By looking at the life of Isabel Myers, one can see a great example of how to become an expert. Although deep practice is a component in expertise, mentorship, interest, and personality are ingredients also. Many scholars argue that expertise is made and not born, but this case study shows that it is both. In addition, by taking the MBTI, a person can make a better choice of career to begin with. This test can save a lot of time and stress. It will be interesting to see where the next person will take her research.

© 2014 mav04

Related Articles


How to Use Yoga for Anxiety and Depression

October 06, 2020 5 min read

Woman on yoga mat meditating

Yoga is an ancient healing method that people have used for thousands of years. While modern yoga is often associated with physical fitness, it was originally intended as a mental relaxation technique to still the mind before meditation.

Yoga remains an effective form of therapy for promoting a calm state of mind. In fact, a growing body of research shows how the positive mental benefits of yoga make it an effective treatment for anxiety disorders and clinical depression.

In the final installment of our four-part series on the healing benefits of yoga, we uncover the science-backed benefits of yoga for anxiety — and how to start your own practice.

What is anxiety?

Anxiety is a natural response to fear and perceived environmental threats. In some instances, where danger is near, anxious thoughts and feelings help keep you alert so you can quickly escape from harm’s way. When anxious thoughts and feelings interfere with daily functioning in someone’s life, it signifies the presence of an anxiety disorder(1).

People with anxiety disorders are in a constant flight-or-fight state. This means that the body is constantly responding to anticipated danger with a surge of adrenaline — the chemical meant to help your body flee threatening situations quickly (or stay and fight)(2).

Adrenaline causes a number of bodily responses, including:

  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure
  • Rapid breathing
  • Pale or flushed skin and dilated pupils
  • Altered memory recall
  • Muscle tension and trembling

These symptoms occur because the body is trying to preserve its energy for survival. While these experiences are helpful in the instance of actual danger, excessive anxiety can cause a person to remain fearful and worried about the future even when no threats are present(3).

What is depression?

Depression is another common mental health challenge associated with anxiety. Characterized by chronic low mood, depression is a psychiatric disorder(5).

While it’s normal to feel sad and tired from time to time, depression lasts longer than ordinary mood fluctuations and interferes with daily life.

Common symptoms of depression include:

  • Persistent feelings of sadness and anxiety
  • Lack of interest in social activities and hobbies
  • Sleep disturbances, including insomnia and oversleeping
  • Eating changes, including lack of appetite or consuming more than usual
  • Difficulty focusing on everyday tasks(6)
Hand on knee of person meditating outdoors

Depression and anxiety

Anxiety and depression are often experienced simultaneously, yet they both have different symptoms, causes and treatments.

Unlike anxiety, which is associated with fear, worry and tension regarding future events or perceived dangers, people with depression tend to focus on past events or painful memories.

People with depression aren’t as worried about the future and tend to focus more on their current feelings of hopelessness(8).

The link between depression and anxiety

The link between depression and anxiety is prevalent, yet complex. Half of all people who experience depression also have anxiety that interferes with work and life. People with anxiety are more likely to experience depression because anxious feelings and constant thoughts of worry can contribute to low self-esteem(9).

High-functioning anxiety and depression — where symptoms fuel a person’s success and overachievement — is an even more dangerous condition because it often goes unnoticed. Over time, high-functioning anxiety and depression cause elevated inflammation and stress hormones that can lead to chronic illness.

Individuals who experience high-functioning anxiety and depression are more likely to suffer from heart disease, diabetes, stroke and additional mental disorders such as substance abuse(10).

The science of yoga for anxiety

Hatha yoga, the most popular type of yoga practiced in the United States, is a promising treatment for people with anxiety. Hatha yoga is an umbrella term for the physical branch of yoga; therefore, all types of yoga postures we practice today fall under this category.

It’s unclear which aspects of Hatha yoga help alleviate symptoms of anxiety; however, scientific hypotheses believe the combination of meditation, breathwork and physical postures help reduce anxiety symptoms(11).

Other researchers suggest that yoga’s anxiolytic effects are caused by biomechanical or physiological processes. In the same way that other forms of exercise are beneficial for anxiety, yoga is a natural and enjoyable way to alleviate stress and worry while improving one’s mood.

The social aspect of being in a group yoga class may also be helpful for elevating self-esteem and self-worth(12).

Additional studies show that the positive effects of yoga for anxiety don’t take long to manifest. In a study on 52 women, instances of stress, anxiety and depression decreased significantly after just 12 sessions of Hatha yoga.

Yoga is believed to be more effective than other forms of exercise for treating anxiety and depression because it directly involves the regulation of thoughts and feelings.

In turn, the mindfulness aspect of yoga helps moderate the central nervous system, which regulates the hormones and nerve impulses that play a role inmental health conditions(13).

Woman sitting with legs crossed on yoga mat

The best type of yoga for anxiety

Additional research sheds light on certain types of hatha yoga that are best for anxiety and depression. For example, Iyengar yoga has been proven as an effective treatment for clinical depression and major depressive disorder.

Iyengar yoga is a practice focused on alignment and often relies on the use of props, such as blocks and straps, to achieve a well-aligned physical posture. Unlike vinyasa yoga, which is a more cardiovascular-intensive, flow-based yoga style, Iyengar yoga focuses on longer holds.

As a result, students of Iyengar spend more time focusing on breath and mental awareness, which helps cultivate peace and calm(14).

In a study on 30 people with clinical depression, three months of high frequency (123 hours) and low frequency (87 hours) yoga significantly improved the major symptoms of anxiety. Areas improved included tranquility, positivity and physical exhaustion, all of which greatly improved sleep quality. General symptoms of depression also improved.

This study suggests that Iyengar yoga is a promising treatment for anxiety symptoms, including depression — especially when prescribed by a physician and used in combination with other proven therapies(15).

How to start yoga when you have anxiety

Starting a new exercise regimen when you struggle with anxiety can feel overwhelming. However, there are a few things to help you feel motivated to start a yoga program, regardless of your experience or fitness level.

The following tips can help you start using yoga for anxiety:

  • Start slow and go at a pace that feels manageable for you
  • Remember that there’s no right or wrong way to do yoga
  • You can always rest in child’s pose or lie down on your back if you need a break
  • You don’t need to a certain flexibility or fitness level to practice yoga
  • Consider watching videos at home to learn the foundations before joining an in-person class
  • Talk to the instructor before class to make sure it’s the right practice for you

Lastly, the most important thing to remember is that Hathayoga has been clinically proven to help alleviate many symptoms of depression and anxiety.

If you keep this in mind, you might feel motivated to persevere even when the practice feels challenging.

In summary

The physical practice of yoga, along with its mindfulness and breathwork practices, make it a powerful antidote for stress and overwhelm.

Hatha yoga, and Iyengar yoga in particular, have been proven to reduce and even alleviate multiple symptoms of anxiety and depression.

While much of Western culture has minimized yoga to a simple workout, research shows that its benefits extend much further. Scientific studies prove that yoga can help with widespread health challenges, including anxiety and depression, chronic pain, digestive ailments and sleep disorders. Overall, the promising science of yoga shows that it can significantly improve the quality of life for people of all ages.

Michelle Polizzi, Contributing Writer, Physician’s Choice


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Algorithm Complexity

Here we are talking about computational complexity. Computational complexity is a characterization of the time or space requirements for solving a problem by a particular algorithm. These requirements are expressed in terms of a single parameter that represents the size of the problem.

Given a particular problem, say one of the simplification problems. Let ‘n’ denote its size. The time required of a specific algorithm for solving this problem is expressed by a function.

f : R  R

such that f(n) is the largest amount of time needed by the algorithm to solve the problem of size n. Function ‘f’ is usually called the time complexity function.

Thus, we conclude that the analysis of the program requires two main considerations:

  • Time Complexity
  • Space Complexity

Time Complexity

The time complexity of a program/algorithm is the amount of computer time that needs to run to completion.

While measuring the time complexity of an algorithm, we concentrate on developing only the frequency count for all key statements. This is because, it is often difficult to get reliable timing figure because of clock limitations and the multiprogramming or the sharing environment.

Space Complexity

The space complexity of a program/algorithm is the amount of memory that it needs to run to completion.

The space needed by the program is the sum of the following components:

Fixed space requirement: This includes the instruction space, for simple variables, fixed size structured variables, and constants.

Variable space requirement: This consists of space needed by structured variables whose size depends on particular instance of variables. It also includes the additional space required when the function uses recursion.