{"content": "Where To Start with and More\n\nDreaming of Being a Police Officer? Read On\nThe custom challenge coins and that uniform and the hat? This will be your signature look once you realize your dream of joining the law enforcement as police. Do you feel like all that you are supposed to do in your career is protect your community and uphold the law? As some people perception, being in the law enforcement job as a cop is a vocation. You can still join the police force regardless of whether or not your family has been in this profession for years. However, what is required on you if you want to be in that police force suits and the custom challenge coins? Could be you have no clue where to begin. It is advisable you gather the necessary information at the earliest to stand a better chance in this transition. Here are essential guidelines that will help you become that police officer you have been dreaming of.\nNote, if you want to become a law enforcement officer you should meet the essential requirements. To be eligible you must be over 21 years of age. Moreover, have a genuine driving license. In a scenario you may not have the license, you should prioritize in enrolling in a driving school and acquire the necessary training. In order to win the admission to a police academy, your history is verified and so if you have not broken the law then count yourself lucky. A psychology test is conducted to analyze your eligibility to join the police force.\nYou should be able to answer the question, “why become a police officer?” What is the trigger? What could have led you into wanting this job? Perhaps something has shaped your liking to being a police officer? Is it the wanting to be dressed in that uniform, the custom challenge coins and the hat? Perchance you are more interested in maintaining and protecting the law and those governed by it. It is vital you make the right choices. Do not choose the outfit and custom challenge coins but a profession that will keep you happier. What you ought to understand before joining the law enforcement as police is that, it will be your obligation to protect others and maintain a great level of safety in the streets.\nA police is not a job for the lazy people. Do not expect to be in this career if your physical health is wanting. Sometimes you may be forced to walk around when pursuing suspects, and this will be possible if you exercise regularly. Fitness is a must in the police force, so if you lack this, you better exercise. Do not be appealed by the custom challenge coins and uniform and forget the essential requirements. Although, different nations have varied requirements. It is vital you familiarize yourself with the demands of your country, and you will not have any challenges.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8655645251274109}
{"content": "About MOLDetect®\n\nMOLDetect's mold test kit was created due to a recognized need for an easy-to use, all inclusive, standardized method to sample and identify mold contaminants in indoor environments. The kit has been used very successfully in performing thousands of on-site mold evaluations by both individual consumers and professional samplers.\n\nMOLDetect results are now backed by an AIHA-LAP, LLC accredited laboratory. No other DIY tape kit on the market offers this level of technical analysis. Why does being accredited matter? In order to qualify for accreditation you must participate in proficiency testing 4 times per year and must achieve a score of at least 85% to be considered proficient. We also must maintain a robust Quality Manual and Standard Operating Procedures (SOP's) that are reviewed onsite by an auditor every two year. This makes our results defensible in court, where a lab without accreditation wouldn't be able to provide that assurance.\n\nOur reporting process has evolved over the past to provide extensive background information on mold contaminants identified, as well as providing feedback on potential actions that can be taken based on the results. With MOLDetect you are taking the same type of samples a professional would take at a fraction of the cost.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8751047253608704}
{"content": "Quick Answer: What Is The Most Significant Direct Effect Of Aldosterone Release?\n\nWhat is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism?\n\n\nThe condition mostly affects people 30 to 50 years old and is a common cause of high blood pressure in middle age..\n\nWhat hormone works as a negative feedback to aldosterone?\n\nCRH is released from the hypothalamus. CRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH. ACTH acts on the adrenal cortex to release cortisol and androgens. The increase in cortisol provides a negative feedback system to then decrease the amount of CRH released from the hypothalamus.\n\nWhat is the main function of renin and aldosterone?\n\nAldosterone is a hormone that plays an important role in maintaining normal sodium and potassium concentrations in blood and in controlling blood volume and blood pressure. Renin is an enzyme that controls aldosterone production.\n\nWhat is the most important trigger for aldosterone release?\n\nAntidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes increased water loss through the urine. The most important trigger for aldosterone release is the renin-angiotensin mechanism, mediated by the renal tubules. The fluid stored inside cells is referred to as extracellular fluid (ECF).\n\nWhat are the effects of aldosterone?\n\nAldosterone causes an increase in salt and water reabsorption into the bloodstream from the kidney thereby increasing the blood volume, restoring salt levels and blood pressure.\n\nWhat affects aldosterone release?\n\nSerum potassium concentrations are the most potent stimulator of aldosterone secretion. … If decreased blood pressure is detected, the adrenal gland is stimulated by these stretch receptors to release aldosterone, which increases sodium reabsorption from the urine, sweat, and the gut.\n\nCan stress cause high aldosterone levels?\n\nPsychological stress also activates the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system which stimulates rennin release leading to increases in angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone activates MR which in turn may lead to vascular injury and inflammation, and ultimately heart disease, renal disease, and stroke.\n\nHow can I lower my aldosterone levels naturally?\n\nConfirming the diagnosis is done by temporarily increasing the amount of sodium in the body, either with a high-sodium diet or an infusion of sodium-rich salt water. When the adrenal glands are working correctly, this should turn down aldosterone production. When they aren’t, aldosterone levels remain high.\n\nWhat is the role of aldosterone in the body and how is it released?\n\n\nHow do I calm my adrenals?\n\n\nWhat controls the release of aldosterone?\n\nrenin-angiotensin systemAldosterone is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system, while the rest of the adrenal glands’ hormone production is controlled by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Therefore, in cases of Addison’s disease caused by pituitary dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency will exist, but with appropriate aldosterone levels.\n\nWhat three situations would stimulate a release of aldosterone?\n\nAldosterone release is stimulated by a decrease in blood sodium levels, blood volume, or blood pressure, or an increase in blood potassium levels. It also prevents the loss of Na+ from sweat, saliva, and gastric juice.\n\nWhat are the symptoms of too much aldosterone?\n\nIn hyperaldosteronism, overproduction of aldosterone leads to fluid retention and increased blood pressure, weakness, and, rarely, periods of paralysis. Hyperaldosteronism can be caused by a tumor in the adrenal gland or may be a response to some diseases.\n\nHow do you treat high levels of aldosterone?\n\nMedication. Your doctor might prescribe a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, such as spironolactone. This type of medication blocks the effects of aldosterone on your body, such as high blood pressure and low blood potassium. You may still need to take additional medications to help manage your blood pressure.\n\nHow does aldosterone affect the heart?\n\nRobust experimental and clinical evidence indicates that aldosterone can cause myocardial tissue damage, including hypertrophy and fibrosis over that induced by high-blood pressure itself.\n\nDoes high aldosterone cause anxiety?\n\nPathways by Which Aldosterone Excess Induces Anxiety and Depression and May Impair Quality of Life.\n\nWhat is the treatment for high aldosterone?\n\nAldosterone-blocking drugs. If your primary aldosteronism is caused by a benign tumor and you can’t have surgery or prefer not to, you can be treated with aldosterone-blocking drugs called mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (spironolactone and eplerenone) and lifestyle changes.\n\nWhat does aldosterone do for the body?\n\nAldosterone helps the kidneys manage water, sodium, and potassium. Too much aldosterone can cause the kidneys to retain water and sodium and flush potassium.\n\nWhich hormone is responsible for high blood pressure?\n\nHormone Linked To High Blood Pressure And Blood Vessel Disease In African-Americans. Summary: Researchers have linked higher levels of the hormone aldosterone to high blood pressure and blood vessel disease in African-Americans. Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal glands and causes salt retention by the kidneys.\n\nDoes salt increase aldosterone?\n\nOur findings show that when sodium intake is extremely high, aldosterone secretion does not decrease to zero but continues at a rate we estimate to be 10 to 30 microgram/day. We suggest that this nonsuppressible secretion of aldosterone may have contributed to the observed increases in weight and blood pressure.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.675757646560669}
{"content": "Wann Lebte Albert Einstein\n\nWann Lebte Albert Einstein Einstein – Der größte Physiker des 20. Jahrhunderts?\n\nAlbert Einstein arbeitet vor amerikanischen Wissenschaftlern an einem mathematischen Problem an der Tafel. Einstein wurde am. Albert Einstein war ein deutscher Physiker mit Schweizer und US-amerikanischer Staatsbürgerschaft. Er gilt als einer der bedeutendsten theoretischen Physiker der Wissenschaftsgeschichte und weltweit als bekanntester Wissenschaftler der Neuzeit. Hermann Einstein übersiedelte mit seinen Brüdern nach Ulm. Dort heiratete er Pauline Koch und lebte in der Bahnhofstraße B, wo Albert. Ende starb Einsteins Vater in Mailand. Am 6. Januar heiratete er, gegen den Willen der Familien, Mileva Maric, und im Mai wurde Einsteins erster. Koch, in Ulm geboren. Einsteins Geburtshaus in Ulm. , Im Juni siedelt die Familie nach München über, wo Hermann Einstein mit seinem Bruder Jakob die​.\n\nWann Lebte Albert Einstein\n\nAlbert Einstein war ein deutscher Physiker mit Schweizer und US-amerikanischer Staatsbürgerschaft. Er gilt als einer der bedeutendsten theoretischen Physiker der Wissenschaftsgeschichte und weltweit als bekanntester Wissenschaftler der Neuzeit. Albert Einstein gilt als eines der größten Genies und Denker aller Zeiten. Er wäre heute Jahre alt geworden. Grafik vergrößern. \"Wichtig ist. Einstein wurde am März in Ulm geboren und starb am April in Princeton, New Jersey. Foto: dpa. Kurzbiographie: Das Leben.\n\nMärz in Ulm, Deutschland geboren und starb am April in Princeton, USA. Wie geht es heute, am Seine Familie war wegen wirtschaftlicher Probleme nach Italien.\n\nAm Juli explodierte in der Wüste von Nevada die erste Atombombe — ein Test. Drei Wochen später traf es Hiroshima und. Das Galaxy S20 ist seit knapp einem halben Jahr.\n\nMit \"Denken neu denken\" will er die Menschen zukunftsfähiger und die Welt gerechter machen. Albert Einstein war ein Physiker, einer der bedeutendsten aller Zeiten.\n\nSeine Forschungen und Ideen haben die Wissenschaft sehr stark beeinflusst. Im Jahr erhielt er den Nobelpreis für Physik.\n\nFür viele Menschen ist Albert Einstein. Heute, am Um die Jugendserie nicht zu verpassen. Schon lange warten die Franzosen auf. Die letzten Jahre seines Lebens lebte Einstein zurückgezogen in Princeton.\n\nBis zum Ende seines Lebens arbeitete er an einer neuen Theorie, die aber erfolglos blieb. Albert Einstein starb am April im Alter von 76 Jahren.\n\nApril wurde ein Film uraufgeführt, in dem Einsteins spezielle Relativitätstheorie mit vielen Animationen dem Publikum verständlich gemacht werden sollte.\n\nFür Einstein war dieses Angebot so verlockend — Berlin war in dieser Zeit die Hochburg der Naturwissenschaft — dass er zusagte und im April mit seiner Familie nach Berlin zog.\n\nSie führten dazu, dass seine Frau im Juli mit. Das sehen wir heute überall. Jeder Depp erfindet irgendein Zitat. Elsas Geburtsname war Einstein.\n\nDurch ihre erste Heirat mit Max Löwenthal nahm sie dessen Nachnamen an. Durch ihre zweite Heirat mit Albert Einstein erlangte sie ihren Geburtsnamen zurück.\n\nBevor die Profis am Montag wieder das Training aufnehmen, wurden bei Werder noch die letzten Abstimmungen getroffen, damit der Vorbereitungsplan endgültig steht.\n\nDas ist aber eine extreme Vereinfachung, denn Einstein war weder der Erste, der die Äquivalenz von Masse und Energie erwog, noch hat er sie tatsächlich bewiesen.\n\nNecessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. They had an instant rapport, with Chaplin inviting Einstein and his wife, Elsa, to his home for dinner.\n\nChaplin said Einstein's outward persona, calm and gentle, seemed to conceal a \"highly emotional temperament\", from which came his \"extraordinary intellectual energy\".\n\n\nWalter Isaacson , Einstein's biographer, described this as \"one of the most memorable scenes in the new era of celebrity\". Chaplin speculated that it was \"possibly used as kindling wood by the Nazis\".\n\n\nWhile at American universities in early , he undertook his third two-month visiting professorship at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.\n\nHe and his wife Elsa returned to Europe in March, and during the trip, they learned that the German Reichstag passed the Enabling Act , which was passed on 23 March and transformed Hitler's government into a de facto legal dictatorship and that they would not be able to proceed to Berlin.\n\n\n\n\nI must confess that the degree of their brutality and cowardice came as something of a surprise. Einstein was now without a permanent home, unsure where he would live and work, and equally worried about the fate of countless other scientists still in Germany.\n\nHe rented a house in De Haan, Belgium, where he lived for a few months. In late July , he went to England for about six weeks at the personal invitation of British naval officer Commander Oliver Locker-Lampson , who had become friends with Einstein in the preceding years.\n\nTo protect Einstein, Locker-Lampson had two bodyguards watch over him at his secluded cabin, with a photo of them carrying shotguns and guarding Einstein, published in the Daily Herald on 24 July British historian Martin Gilbert notes that Churchill responded immediately, and sent his friend, physicist Frederick Lindemann , to Germany to seek out Jewish scientists and place them in British universities.\n\nEinstein later contacted leaders of other nations, including Turkey 's Prime Minister, İsmet İnönü , to whom he wrote in September requesting placement of unemployed German-Jewish scientists.\n\nAs a result of Einstein's letter, Jewish invitees to Turkey eventually totaled over \"1, saved individuals\". Locker-Lampson also submitted a bill to parliament to extend British citizenship to Einstein, during which period Einstein made a number of public appearances describing the crisis brewing in Europe.\n\nIn October , Einstein returned to the US and took up a position at the Institute for Advanced Study, [] [] noted for having become a refuge for scientists fleeing Nazi Germany.\n\nEinstein was still undecided on his future. He had offers from several European universities, including Christ Church, Oxford where he stayed for three short periods between May and June and was offered a 5-year studentship, [] [] but in , he arrived at the decision to remain permanently in the United States and apply for citizenship.\n\nEinstein's affiliation with the Institute for Advanced Study would last until his death in The two would take long walks together discussing their work.\n\n\nThe group's warnings were discounted. The letter is believed to be \"arguably the key stimulus for the U. Some say that as a result of Einstein's letter and his meetings with Roosevelt, the US entered the \"race\" to develop the bomb, drawing on its \"immense material, financial, and scientific resources\" to initiate the Manhattan Project.\n\nFor Einstein, \"war was a disease Einstein became an American citizen in Not long after settling into his career at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, he expressed his appreciation of the meritocracy in American culture when compared to Europe.\n\n\nHe considered racism America's \"worst disease\", [] seeing it as \"handed down from one generation to the next\". Du Bois and was prepared to testify on his behalf during his trial in In Einstein visited Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a historically black college , where he was awarded an honorary degree.\n\n\nEinstein gave a speech about racism in America, adding, \"I do not intend to be quiet about it. Einstein was a figurehead leader in helping establish the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , which opened in and was among its first Board of Governors.\n\n\n\nChaim Weizmann later became Israel's first president. Einstein developed an appreciation for music at an early age.\n\n\nI live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music I get most joy in life out of music. His mother played the piano reasonably well and wanted her son to learn the violin , not only to instill in him a love of music but also to help him assimilate into German culture.\n\n\nWhen he turned 13, he discovered the violin sonatas of Mozart , whereupon he became enamored of Mozart 's compositions and studied music more willingly.\n\nEinstein taught himself to play without \"ever practicing systematically\". He said that \"love is a better teacher than a sense of duty. The examiner stated afterward that his playing was \"remarkable and revealing of 'great insight'\".\n\n\nMusic possessed an unusual meaning for this student. Music took on a pivotal and permanent role in Einstein's life from that period on.\n\n\n\nHe is sometimes erroneously credited as the editor of the edition of the Köchel catalog of Mozart's work; that edition was prepared by Alfred Einstein , who may have been a distant relation.\n\n\nIn , Einstein was one of the founding members of the German Democratic Party , a liberal party. Einstein was deeply impressed by Mahatma Gandhi.\n\n\nEinstein spoke of his spiritual outlook in a wide array of original writings and interviews. And one life is enough for me. He served on the advisory board of the First Humanist Society of New York , [] and was an honorary associate of the Rationalist Association , which publishes New Humanist in Britain.\n\n\nHe observed, \"Without 'ethical culture' there is no salvation for humanity. In a one-and-a-half-page hand-written German-language letter to philosopher Eric Gutkind , dated Princeton, 3 January , fifteen months before his death, Einstein wrote: \"The word God is for me nothing but the expression and product of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of venerable but still rather primitive legends.\n\nNo interpretation, no matter how subtle, can for me change anything about this. On 17 April , Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm , which had previously been reinforced surgically by Rudolph Nissen in Einstein refused surgery, saying, \"I want to go when I want.\n\nIt is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share; it is time to go. I will do it elegantly. During the autopsy, the pathologist of Princeton Hospital, Thomas Stoltz Harvey , removed Einstein's brain for preservation without the permission of his family, in the hope that the neuroscience of the future would be able to discover what made Einstein so intelligent.\n\nRobert Oppenheimer summarized his impression of Einstein as a person: \"He was almost wholly without sophistication and wholly without worldliness There was always with him a wonderful purity at once childlike and profoundly stubborn.\n\nThroughout his life, Einstein published hundreds of books and articles. These four works contributed substantially to the foundation of modern physics and changed views on space , time, and matter.\n\nThe four papers are:. Einstein's first paper [] submitted in to Annalen der Physik was on capillary attraction. It was published in with the title \"Folgerungen aus den Capillaritätserscheinungen\", which translates as \"Conclusions from the capillarity phenomena\".\n\nTwo papers he published in — thermodynamics attempted to interpret atomic phenomena from a statistical point of view. These papers were the foundation for the paper on Brownian motion, which showed that Brownian movement can be construed as firm evidence that molecules exist.\n\nHis research in and was mainly concerned with the effect of finite atomic size on diffusion phenomena. Einstein returned to the problem of thermodynamic fluctuations, giving a treatment of the density variations in a fluid at its critical point.\n\n\n\nEinstein's \" Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper \" [] \"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies\" was received on 30 June and published 26 September of that same year.\n\nIt reconciled conflicts between Maxwell's equations the laws of electricity and magnetism and the laws of Newtonian mechanics by introducing changes to the laws of mechanics.\n\nThe theory developed in this paper later became known as Einstein's special theory of relativity. This paper predicted that, when measured in the frame of a relatively moving observer, a clock carried by a moving body would appear to slow down , and the body itself would contract in its direction of motion.\n\n\nEinstein originally framed special relativity in terms of kinematics the study of moving bodies. In , Hermann Minkowski reinterpreted special relativity in geometric terms as a theory of spacetime.\n\nEinstein adopted Minkowski's formalism in his general theory of relativity. General relativity GR is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Einstein between and According to general relativity , the observed gravitational attraction between masses results from the warping of space and time by those masses.\n\n\nAs Einstein later said, the reason for the development of general relativity was that the preference of inertial motions within special relativity was unsatisfactory, while a theory which from the outset prefers no state of motion even accelerated ones should appear more satisfactory.\n\n\n\nIn , Einstein published another article \"On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light\" expanding on the article, in which he estimated the amount of deflection of light by massive bodies.\n\nThus, the theoretical prediction of general relativity could for the first time be tested experimentally. In , Einstein predicted gravitational waves , [] [] ripples in the curvature of spacetime which propagate as waves , traveling outward from the source, transporting energy as gravitational radiation.\n\n\n\n\nHe gave up looking for fully generally covariant tensor equations and searched for equations that would be invariant under general linear transformations only.\n\nIn June , the Entwurf 'draft' theory was the result of these investigations. As its name suggests, it was a sketch of a theory, less elegant and more difficult than general relativity, with the equations of motion supplemented by additional gauge fixing conditions.\n\nAfter more than two years of intensive work, Einstein realized that the hole argument was mistaken [] and abandoned the theory in November In , Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to the structure of the universe as a whole.\n\n\n\nThis model became known as the Einstein World or Einstein's static universe. Following the discovery of the recession of the nebulae by Edwin Hubble in , Einstein abandoned his static model of the universe, and proposed two dynamic models of the cosmos, The Friedmann-Einstein universe of [] [] and the Einstein—de Sitter universe of In many Einstein biographies, it is claimed that Einstein referred to the cosmological constant in later years as his \"biggest blunder\".\n\nThe astrophysicist Mario Livio has recently cast doubt on this claim, suggesting that it may be exaggerated. In late , a team led by the Irish physicist Cormac O'Raifeartaigh discovered evidence that, shortly after learning of Hubble's observations of the recession of the nebulae, Einstein considered a steady-state model of the universe.\n\nFor the density to remain constant, new particles of matter must be continually formed in the volume from space. It thus appears that Einstein considered a steady-state model of the expanding universe many years before Hoyle, Bondi and Gold.\n\n\nThe energy and momentum derived within general relativity by Noether's prescriptions do not make a real tensor for this reason.\n\nEinstein argued that this is true for a fundamental reason: the gravitational field could be made to vanish by a choice of coordinates. He maintained that the non-covariant energy momentum pseudotensor was, in fact, the best description of the energy momentum distribution in a gravitational field.\n\nThis approach has been echoed by Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz , and others, and has become standard. The use of non-covariant objects like pseudotensors was heavily criticized in by Erwin Schrödinger and others.\n\nIn , Einstein collaborated with Nathan Rosen to produce a model of a wormhole , often called Einstein—Rosen bridges.\n\nThese solutions cut and pasted Schwarzschild black holes to make a bridge between two patches. If one end of a wormhole was positively charged, the other end would be negatively charged.\n\n\n\nThis modification was made by Einstein and Cartan in the s. The theory of general relativity has a fundamental law—the Einstein field equations , which describe how space curves.\n\nThe geodesic equation , which describes how particles move, may be derived from the Einstein field equations. Since the equations of general relativity are non-linear, a lump of energy made out of pure gravitational fields, like a black hole, would move on a trajectory which is determined by the Einstein field equations themselves, not by a new law.\n\nSo Einstein proposed that the path of a singular solution, like a black hole, would be determined to be a geodesic from general relativity itself. This was established by Einstein, Infeld, and Hoffmann for pointlike objects without angular momentum, and by Roy Kerr for spinning objects.\n\nIn a paper, [] Einstein postulated that light itself consists of localized particles quanta. Einstein's light quanta were nearly universally rejected by all physicists, including Max Planck and Niels Bohr.\n\nThis idea only became universally accepted in , with Robert Millikan 's detailed experiments on the photoelectric effect, and with the measurement of Compton scattering.\n\n\n\n\n\nPeter Debye refined this model. Throughout the s, quantum mechanics expanded in scope to cover many different systems.\n\n\nEinstein contributed to these developments by linking them with the arguments Wilhelm Wien had made.\n\n\nEinstein noted in that the same adiabatic principle shows that the quantity which is quantized in any mechanical motion must be an adiabatic invariant.\n\nArnold Sommerfeld identified this adiabatic invariant as the action variable of classical mechanics. In , Einstein received a description of a statistical model from Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose , based on a counting method that assumed that light could be understood as a gas of indistinguishable particles.\n\n\nEinstein also published his own articles describing the model and its implications, among them the Bose—Einstein condensate phenomenon that some particulates should appear at very low temperatures.\n\nEinstein's sketches for this project may be seen in the Einstein Archive in the library of the Leiden University. Although the patent office promoted Einstein to Technical Examiner Second Class in , he had not given up on academia.\n\nIn , he became a Privatdozent at the University of Bern. This paper introduced the photon concept although the name photon was introduced later by Gilbert N.\n\nLewis in and inspired the notion of wave—particle duality in quantum mechanics. Einstein saw this wave—particle duality in radiation as concrete evidence for his conviction that physics needed a new, unified foundation.\n\nIn a series of works completed from to , Planck reformulated his quantum theory and introduced the idea of zero-point energy in his \"second quantum theory\".\n\n\n\n\n\nEinstein discovered Louis de Broglie 's work and supported his ideas, which were received skeptically at first. In another major paper from this era, Einstein gave a wave equation for de Broglie waves , which Einstein suggested was the Hamilton—Jacobi equation of mechanics.\n\nThis paper would inspire Schrödinger's work of Einstein played a major role in developing quantum theory, beginning with his paper on the photoelectric effect.\n\nHowever, he became displeased with modern quantum mechanics as it had evolved after , despite its acceptance by other physicists. He was skeptical that the randomness of quantum mechanics was fundamental rather than the result of determinism, stating that God \"is not playing at dice\".\n\nThe Bohr—Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Einstein and Niels Bohr , who were two of its founders.\n\nTheir debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science. In , Einstein returned to quantum mechanics, in particular to the question of its completeness, in the \"EPR paper\".\n\n\nGiven Einstein's concept of local realism , there were two possibilities: 1 either the other particle had these properties already determined, or 2 the process of measuring the first particle instantaneously affected the reality of the position and momentum of the second particle.\n\nEinstein rejected this second possibility popularly called \"spooky action at a distance\". Einstein's belief in local realism led him to assert that, while the correctness of quantum mechanics was not in question, it must be incomplete.\n\nBut as a physical principle, local realism was shown to be incorrect when the Aspect experiment of confirmed Bell's theorem , which J.\n\n\n\nIt is considered a centerpiece of the development of quantum information theory. Following his research on general relativity, Einstein entered into a series of attempts to generalize his geometric theory of gravitation to include electromagnetism as another aspect of a single entity.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThis experiment needed to be sensitive because the angular momentum associated with electrons is small, but it definitively established that electron motion of some kind is responsible for magnetization.\n\nEinstein suggested to Erwin Schrödinger that he might be able to reproduce the statistics of a Bose—Einstein gas by considering a box.\n\n\n\nSchrödinger urged Einstein to add his name as co-author, although Einstein declined the invitation. This absorption refrigerator was then revolutionary for having no moving parts and using only heat as an input.\n\n\nWhile traveling, Einstein wrote daily to his wife Elsa and adopted stepdaughters Margot and Ilse. The letters were included in the papers bequeathed to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.\n\nMargot Einstein permitted the personal letters to be made available to the public, but requested that it not be done until twenty years after her death she died in [].\n\n\n\nThe Einstein rights were litigated in in a federal district court in California. Although the court initially held that the Einstein rights had expired, [] that ruling was immediately appealed, and the decision was later vacated in its entirety.\n\nThe court's initial decision no longer has any legal impact or effect of any kind. The underlying claims between the parties in that lawsuit were ultimately settled.\n\nThe Einstein rights are enforceable, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem is the exclusive representative of those rights.\n\n\n\nEinstein has been the subject of or inspiration for many novels, films, plays, and works of music. Time magazine's Frederic Golden wrote that Einstein was \"a cartoonist's dream come true\".\n\nMany popular quotations are often misattributed to him. Einstein received numerous awards and honors, and in , he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics \"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\".\n\nNone of the nominations in met the criteria set by Alfred Nobel , so the prize was carried forward and awarded to Einstein in From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.\n\nFor other uses, see Einstein disambiguation. For other uses, see Albert Einstein disambiguation. German-born physicist and developer of the theory of relativity Ulm , Kingdom of Württemberg , German Empire.\n\nPrinceton, New Jersey , United States. Elsa Löwenthal. Virtually all modern physics. See also: Einstein family. Main articles: Statistical mechanics , thermal fluctuations , and statistical physics.\n\nMain article: Critical opalescence. Main article: History of special relativity. Main article: History of general relativity.\n\nSee also: Theory of relativity and Einstein field equations. Main article: Physical cosmology. Main article: Stress—energy—momentum pseudotensor.\n\nMain article: Einstein—Cartan theory. Main article: Einstein—Infeld—Hoffmann equations. Main article: Old quantum theory. Main article: Einstein solid.\n\nMain article: Adiabatic invariant. Main article: Bose—Einstein statistics. Main article: Bohr—Einstein debates. Main article: Classical unified field theories.\n\nMain article: Einstein's unsuccessful investigations. Main article: Einstein—de Haas effect. Main article: Albert Einstein in popular culture.\n\nMain article: Einstein's awards and honors. Einstein, Albert [Manuscript received: 16 December ]. Written at Zurich, Switzerland. Annalen der Physik in German.\n\nHoboken, New Jersey published 14 March Bibcode : AnP Written at Berne, Switzerland. Hoboken, New Jersey published 10 March Written at Berne, Switzerland, published by Wyss Buchdruckerei.\n\nAnnalen der Physik Submitted manuscript in German. Sitzungsberichte in German. Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften , Berlin.\n\nPhysikalische Zeitschrift in German. Bibcode : PhyZ Written at Gothenburg. Nobel Lectures, Physics — in German and English.\n\nStockholm: Nobelprice. First of a series of papers on this topic. Einstein, Albert b. Fürth, R. Translated by Cowper, A. US: Dover Publications published Retrieved 4 January Physical Review Submitted manuscript.\n\nBibcode : PhRv Scientific American. Bibcode : SciAm. Ideas and Opinions. New York: Random House. Munich: Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung.\n\nKlein; A. Kox; Michel Janssen; R. Schulmann; Diana Komos Buchwald; et al. The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein.\n\nEinstein's Writings. Princeton University Press. Further information about the volumes published so far can be found on the webpages of the Einstein Papers Project and on the Princeton University Press Einstein Page.\n\nEinstein, Albert c [Manuscript received: 11 May ]. Einstein, Albert e [Manuscript received: 27 September ].\n\nEinstein, Albert [Published 25 November ]. Written at Berlin. Die Naturwissenschaften in German. Heidelberg, Germany.\n\nBibcode : NW Einstein, Albert 9 November On Science and Religion. Bibcode : Natur. Einstein, Albert; et al. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 December Retrieved 25 May Einstein, Albert May Reprise \".\n\nMonthly Review. Archived from the original on 11 January Retrieved 16 January — via MonthlyReview. Einstein, Albert Autobiographical Notes.\n\nPaul Arthur Schilpp Centennial ed. Chicago: Open Court. The chasing a light beam thought experiment is described on pages 48— The center was once the Palmer Physical Laboratory.\n\nGenius , a television series depicting Einstein's life Heinrich Burkhardt Bern Historical Museum Einstein Museum History of gravitational theory List of coupled cousins List of German inventors and discoverers Jewish Nobel laureates List of peace activists Relativity priority dispute Sticky bead argument.\n\nShe has chosen the cream of her culture and has suppressed it. She has even turned upon her most glorious citizen, Albert Einstein, who is the supreme example of the selfless intellectual The man, who, beyond all others, approximates a citizen of the world, is without a home.\n\nHow proud we must be to offer him temporary shelter. Oxford University Press. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.\n\nLongman Pronunciation Dictionary 3rd ed. Pearson Longman. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 March Retrieved 7 March Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics.\n\nWorld Scientific. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 4 February December Physics Today. Bibcode : PhT New York: Walker.\n\nNobel Prize. Retrieved 11 July The accelerating universe\" PDF. Nobel Media AB. Archived from the original PDF on 16 May Retrieved 24 November\n\nWann Lebte Albert Einstein Navigationsmenü\n\nEin Testflug zeigte dann jedoch, dass die Konstruktion aufgrund ihrer schlechten Flugeigenschaften unbrauchbar war. Die nächsten fünf Jahre blieb er staatenlos. Eine Hochbegabung war in dieser Zeit keinesfalls abzusehen Free Casino Video Poker Games Albert begann erst im Alter von drei Jahren zu Money Transfer Online und galt in der Schule als aufgeweckt, aber auch aufrührerisch. Mai von dem Astronom Arthur Stanley Eddington beobachtete Sonnenfinsternis bestätigt Einsteins Vorhersage der Lichtablenkung im Gravitationsfeld der Sonne, die er in seiner allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie Robin Free hatte. Trotzig entschloss sich Einstein Endedie Schule ohne Abschluss zu verlassen und seiner Familie nach Mailand zu folgen. Weitere Infos OK. Wann Lebte Albert Einstein Bei diesem Stichwort werden Erinnerungen an den Chemieunterricht wach. In den Jahren bis Www.Bet3000.Com er, u. Mehr erfahren. Er selbst sah sich als Pazifist Friedensfreund und Sozialist. Der Naturwissenschaftler hat unser Verständnis von Physik, wie wir es heute kennen, eindeutig beeinflusst. Das Pandora Box Game für uns wichtig, denn unser Angebot finanziert sich über Werbung. April im Alter von 76 Jahren. Im ersten Jahrzehnt wurde Portland Trail Blazers noch von Physikerkollegen bei seiner Arbeit zur einheitlichen Feldtheorie unterstützt, die sich dann aber, da sie nicht mehr an eine Lösung glaubten, anderen Aufgaben zuwandten, z. Nach dem Abwurf der Atombombe wurde Einstein, der zunächst schwieg, Www.Book Of Ra Gratis Spielen.De Stellungnahme gedrängt, nachdem sein Schreiben an Roosevelt von durch den Smyth Report bekannt geworden war. Es Roulette Spielfeld eine Freundschaft mit der Königsfamilie und eine lebenslange Korrespondenz mit der \"Lieben Königin\". Es folgten Professuren in Prag und dann Scarface Full Movie For Free in Zürich. Einsteins Kindheit verlief, bis auf den für die Familie beunruhigenden Umstand, dass er erst sehr spät sprechen lernte, normal. Einsteins berühmte Formel:. Video of Albert Einsteins Relativitätstheorie in 5 Minuten erklärt. Einsteins erste Frau, Mileva Maric, stirbt am 4. The existence of gravitational waves is possible under general relativity due to its Lorentz invariance which brings the concept of a finite speed of propagation of the physical interactions of gravity with it. Er berechnet die Lichtablenkung im Gravitationsfeld der Sonne und Moulin Rouge Building dabei die experimentelle Möglichkeit, diese bei einer totalen Sonnenfinsternis Mr Grande Pizza beobachten. Januar verfasst hatte. At the end of Decemberhe traveled to Italy to join his family in Pavia, convincing the Online Games Adventure to let him go by using a doctor's note. Oktober besucht Albert das Luitpold-Gymnasium in München. Main article: Bohr—Einstein debates. Those observations were published in the Pokerstars Update Download media, making Einstein world-famous. Einstein lebte, arbeitete und forschte fortan bis Merkur Casino Spiel seinem Tod an der Universität Princeton.\n\nWann Lebte Albert Einstein Inhaltsverzeichnis\n\nAls 17jähriger gibt Albert Tom Brady Gehalt, mit der Zustimmung seines Tipico Sportwetten Quoten, die württembergische und damit auch die deutsche Staatangehörigkeit auf. Jahrhunderts und mit der Betonung auf der Experimentalphysik, wird die theoretische, d. November kapituliert das Deutsche Reich und die Republik wird ausgerufen. März bis Zugleich erkrankte seine Mutter Anfang schwer und verstarb im Folgejahr. Mit dieser Reise trägt er zur Normalisierung der deutsch-französischen Beziehungen bei. Bereits taucht bei Huhner Roulette Spielanleitung die stimulierte Emission von Photonen auf. Als jüngstes Mitglied wird Einstein am 7. Er wollte auch nicht, dass seine Bücher künftig in Deutschland erscheinen. Paul Arthur Schilpp Centennial ed. Einsteins Schwester Maja zieht zu ihrem Bruder nach Princeton. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security Scatter Slots Cheat of the website. Lipscombe, Albert Einstein: A Biography, pp. Der später als Bose-Einstein-Kondensation bezeichnete Phasenübergang konnte erstmals im Labor beobachtet werden. Während seines Aufenthaltes dort erhält er von der Universität Oxford am Viele Mitglieder des Nobelpreiskomitees neigten eher zur Experimentalphysik als zur theoretischen Physik und beargwöhnten die theoretischen Entwicklungen zur Quantennatur des Lichts und zu den beiden Relativitätstheorien Politische Wahl zu spekulativ. Einstein Online in German and English. Brans—Dicke theory Kaluza—Klein Quantum gravity. The Private Lives of Albert Einstein.\n\nWann Lebte Albert Einstein Video\n\nAlbert Einstein - \\ Einstein wurde am März in Ulm geboren und starb am April in Princeton, New Jersey. Foto: dpa. Kurzbiographie: Das Leben. Wie Albert Einstein lebte. Albert Einstein wurde am März als Sohn jüdischer Eltern in Ulm geboren. Kurz danach zog die Familie nach München. Kurzbiografie, Lebenslauf, Steckbrief und Literaturempfehlungen zum theoretischen Physiker und Nobelpreisträger: Albert Einstein. April starb Einstein schließlich in Princeton, wo er die Zeit nach der deutschen Ausbürgerung verbracht hatte, an inneren Blutungen nach einer. Albert Einstein gilt als eines der größten Genies und Denker aller Zeiten. Er wäre heute Jahre alt geworden. Grafik vergrößern. \"Wichtig ist. Die Relativitätstheorie setzt sich Dr House Online Sehen mehreren einzelnen festen Regelungen zusammen. LeeOsheroff Lustagenten Service, R. Auf diesem geführten Stadtrundgang gibt's die Antworten. In diesem Zusammenhang ist auch das bekannte Zitat Spiel Affe Com zu verstehen, als er sagte: \"Der liebe Gott würfelt nicht\". Albert Einstein, Juli fährt sie mit den Söhnen zurück nach Zürich. In den abendlichen Akademiesitzungen wurden wissenschaftliche sowie philosophische Themen diskutiert. Er verzichtete auf alle akademischen Ämter in Deutschland und kehrte nie mehr in sein Heimatland Www.Neu.De Mitglieder Login. Ende des Jahres hält er seine erste Vorlesung. Einsteins Kindheit verlief, bis auf den für die Familie beunruhigenden Umstand, dass er erst sehr spät sprechen lernte, normal.\n\n1 thoughts on “Wann Lebte Albert Einstein”\n\nHinterlasse eine Antwort\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6357420682907104}
{"content": "LSMeans, still causing lots of people headaches [General Sta­tis­tics]\n\nposted by ElMaestro  – Denmark, 2019-02-03 18:39 (833 d 06:47 ago) – Posting: # 19851\nViews: 2,968\n\nHellobi :-D,\n\nand thanks for helping towards an understanding.\n\nI am a bit confused, what is ln[T] in your terminology?\nIs it individual measurements, or effects form the b-vector or is it the average on the ln scale?\nAnd what is the starting point for this?\n\nAlso, residuals -once a linear model has been fit to the least squares criterion- sum to zero, right? I got confused when you went from step 4 to 5.\n\n» The Model Residual is the variance for the difference of LSMeans between Ln[T] and Ln[R].\n\nI would think it is the plain uncertainty for an (within-) effect estimate in the b vector when we talk crossovers. Multiply by two and you have the variance of the difference or something like that.\n\nPass or fail!\n\nComplete thread:\n\n Admin contact\n21,462 posts in 4,487 threads, 1,514 registered users;\nonline 14 (0 registered, 14 guests [including 5 identified bots]).\nForum time: Monday 02:26 CEST (Europe/Vienna)\n\nGarbage in, garbage out.\nIt’s very very simple.    Anders Fuglsang\n\nThe Bioequivalence and Bioavailability Forum is hosted by\nBEBAC Ing. Helmut Schütz", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7140218615531921}
{"content": "Q. 94.0( 26 Votes )\n\nA box conta\n\nAnswer :\n\nLet R be the event a red ball is drawn and W be the event a white ball is drawn\n\nSince all the white balls are identical so the event of drawing any one of the three-white ball is same.\n\nTotal Number of Sample space =(22-1)=3 (Since both the balls cannot be red)\n\nWe define the possible outcomes by an ordered set (x, y)\n\nx denotes drawing the first ball\n\ny denotes drawing the second ball\n\nSample space S={(W,W),(W,R),(R,W)}\n\nRate this question :\n\nHow useful is this solution?\nDedicated counsellor for each student\n24X7 Doubt Resolution\nDaily Report Card\nDetailed Performance Evaluation\nview all courses\n\nSuppose an integeMathematics - Exemplar\n\nMatch the followiMathematics - Exemplar\n\nWhile shuffling aMathematics - Exemplar\n\nThree numbers areMathematics - Exemplar\n\nA bag contains 8 Mathematics - Exemplar\n\nIn a non-leap yeaMathematics - Exemplar\n\nDetermine the proMathematics - Exemplar\n\nA card is drawn fMathematics - Exemplar\n\nIf the letters ofMathematics - Exemplar", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9921220541000366}
{"content": "Cryptanalysis of Stream Cipher System Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm\n\n\nThe meaning of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) refers to a relatively new family of algorithms that may be used to find optimal (or near optimal) solutions to numerical and qualitative problems.Stream ciphers are an important class of encryption algorithms. Shift register sequences are used in both cryptography and coding theory. There is a wealth of theory about them; stream ciphers based on shift registers have been the workhorse of military cryptography since the beginnings of electronics.This paper aims to implement cryptanalysis attack algorithms on stream cipher systems using plaintext attack (or part from it), choosing one Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR), since its considered as a basic unit of stream cipher systems, in the performance of PSO by solving Linear Equations System (LES) for any number of variables of the output of LFSR.The application divided into two stages, first, constructing LES’s for the LFSR, and the second, is attacking the variables of LES’s which they are also the initial key values the of LFSR.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9996549487113953}
{"content": "Love Your Fitness Routine Using These Great Ideas\n\nAnyone can benefit from fitness knowledge, whether they are a novice or an expert. When you know how your body can work and what you need to do, you can make all the changes you need. By following the tips provided below, you can achieve better results.\n\nPay several months in advance when you join a gym or fitness club. This will “lock you in”, so to speak, and keep you coming back over time. This is only recommendeded if you are having a hard time convincing yourself to go, and should be only used as a last resort.\n\nWhen you begin working out with weights, always start out with smaller muscles first. This can help create a balance with your muscles and prevent injury since smaller muscles fatigue before larger ones do. By the time you are ready to exercise large muscle groups, the smaller muscles can rest.\n\nMaintaining proper posture while exercising, even while simply walking, is important to prevent injury. Your shoulders should be back and your torso upright. Hold your elbows by your sides at a 90-degree angle. The arm swinging outward should be on the opposite side of your body from your forward foot. Your heel should always touch down first. Let your foot roll forward naturally and push off with your toes when you start your next stride.\n\n\nWhatever your fitness level may be, using these tips will make your fitness routine better. Learning as much as possible about fitness regimens can give you the best workout achievable. Keep in mind all the information you have learned, and you will soon see results.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.806006908416748}
{"content": "Spain’s lockdown to be lifted after 98 days\n\nSpains state of alarm, the emergency mechanism propping up the nationwide lockdown to contain COVID-19, will expires midnight on Saturday, 98 days after it first came into effect.\n\nIn an unprecedented situation during the country’s history, the days under lockdown in Spain progressed at varying speeds, reports Efe news.\n\nBut with the gradual easing of restrictions several weeks ago, life has slowly returned to the streets, squares, shops, highways, factories, offices, bars and beaches up and down the country.\n\nOn March 14, prime minister Pedro Sánchez’s government turned to the constitution to enact the state of alarm.\n\nIt was only the second time in Spain’s modern democratic era that such an extraordinary move had been deemed necessary.\n\nBack in 2010, the government took similar measures during the air traffic controllers’ strike, but the emergency mechanism only lasted 15 days.\n\nThe COVID-19 state of alarm was also initially imposed for 15 days but was eventually extended six times.\n\nThe virus is still active in the country and the government has warned people not to let their guard down.\n\nFrom midnight Spain enters what politicians around the world have billed the “new normality”.\n\nThe state of alarm will be lifted but social-distancing, hygiene protocol and obligatory mask use will remain in force until a vaccine for COVID-19 is found.\n\nThe number of COVID-19 cases in Spain as of Saturday stood at 245,575, with 28,315 deaths.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8863979578018188}
{"content": "George Washington Carver: Scientist and Teacher - 2\n\nArticle Index\n\n At Simpson College, George continued to suffer the hardships to which he had grown accustomed. He lived in an abandoned shack, given to him by the President of the College, and salvaged a stove from the dump to cook his meals, which he would eat while sitting on an old crate. Yet the other students of the college, all of whom were white, looked up to George as a model of humor and kindness, visiting him and asking advice on matters both academic and personal. He accepted the indignities of racial prejudice without responding with bitterness, and would later be remembered for little acts of selflessness like crossing to the other side of the street so his white woman friends would not have to greet him publicly. These incidents caused George much grief, and he bore them with quiet resignation.\n\nAt Simpson College, George dived into art with a passion, and he showed an undeniable brilliance in his painting. He would continue to paint throughout his long life, exhibiting his artwork in both the North and the South, and more than one close friend received an original painting as a treasured gift. But despite his love for art, which he called a means to lift \"souls beyond the sordid things of life,\" George Washington Carver felt unable to commit his life to it. He felt that he could neither earn his living at it, nor really satisfy himself through art alone. Seeking a more practical degree in agricultural science, he transferred to the Iowa Agricultural College at Ames in 1891.\n\nAt Iowa State, George spent many hours poised over plant specimens or walking through the woods, discovering that \"each created thing is an indispensable factor in the great whole, and one in which no other factor will fit exactly as well.\" Doing his classwork with the used pencil stubs given to him by friends, and subsisting on leftovers from the school cafeteria, George studied incessantly, earning a Master's Degree in five years. By 1896, he had acquired a reputation as the best plant breeder at Iowa and knew that his position on the permanent faculty of the University was guaranteed.\n\nBut George Carver could not choose for himself the life of a cloistered University professor. In 1896, Booker T. Washington asked him to join the faculty of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama, an all-black college established with the aim of educating the blacks of the South so they could leave the endless cycle of ignorance and poverty. George felt that this was the opportunity to serve his people for which he had been preparing his entire life.\n\nBooker T. Washington, the son of a mulatto slave and a white man, had worked himself through school as a coal miner and later as a janitor, and in his early twenties had begun to work with the Virginia-based Hampton Institute as a teacher of vocational education to colored Americans. He had founded Tuskegee in 1881, at the age of 24, on the conviction that the integration of blacks into a dominant white society depended on their ability to become a competitive economic force. He felt that the capacity of blacks to \"endure wrong, to withstand temptations, to economize, to acquire and use skill\" could be honed through diligent mental and manual work.\n\nAt Tuskegee, George quickly confronted the awesome responsibilities that his office would entail. In charge of directing the Institute's Experiment Station, administering the farm's livestock, maintaining the landscaping of the school grounds, teaching and supervising courses, and performing all of the tasks required as Department head, George often found himself stretched to the limit of his endurance. He quickly discovered that other faculty members did not share his enthusiasm for his way of doing things, and he entered into heated battles with at least one other administrator who refused to obey his orders. He suffered immensely from these encounters, which injured his sense of pride and held up his work. Yet he pursued his responsibilities with vigor, refusing to give in to the despair to which he could easily have fallen prey.\n\nAs a researcher, George tried to find economical ways for the \"man lowerest down\" to improve the quality of his life. The typical \"black belt\" farmer had only his land and his labor with which to work, and George concentrated on reducing the farmers' economic dependence on store-bought goods by finding alternatives to flour, sugar, starch, coffee, milk, and other household goods. He developed hundreds of recipes for the peanut, sweet potato, and cowpea, from which the poor farmer could derive the essential nutrients he required, and he found ways to convert common soil into whitewashes and woodstains which could work wonders on the walls of a house. He also developed more efficient methods of crop cultivation and experimented with breeding strains of cotton which resisted the devastation of the Southern boll weevil.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6258200407028198}
{"content": "Xinye Tao | Blog - Topic - Resume - Feed\n\nHorror One-Liner\n\n# fiction, 2020-11-01\n\nHe hasn’t eaten for a week now. How is he still alive?\n\n1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Seven pairs for seven days. But wait, then whose pants am I wearing now?\n\nI touch my hair. It feels like rough paper. Then I touch the face, the body. Are they mine? Certainly not.\n\nYou decides not to mind the hands and feet crawling over your body.\n\nI enter the wrong room but people inside look the same.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8466312885284424}
{"content": "How Does The Ruger Indicator Work?\n\nThe Ruger Indicator buys dips of the predetermined trend and builds a good average buy price/ break even price using up to 10 pyramiding orders.\n\nOnce the indicator has built up a good position it then has a dynamic trailing take profit and stop loss that constantly adjust to the market climate and trend. The indicator is built to run on the 1 minute time frame to ensure there is no lag/delay when receiving signals. \n\nThe above strategy has been used manually for over 2 years and is tried and tested, The Ruger Indicator simply automates said strategy. \n\nYou’ve probably seen indicators that look like this -->\n\nIndicators that simply turn from long to short with no in between.\n\nIn my experience these indicators are either very delayed/lagging with their signals or they are just a pure scam and simply do not work at all.\n\nThe reason for this is quite simple, there is no way to accurately determine market reversals/pivot points constantly, it's simply not possible, especially in the cryptocurrency markets.\n\nTrading reversals also means trading against the current trend and waiting for the market to pivot, which means shorting an upward trending market or longing a downtrending market - you’re betting against the house, which often is higher risk and can lead to devastating losses. \n\nWhy is The Ruger Indicator different?\n\nThe Ruger Indicator identifies the current trend of the market and simply buys the small dips within said trend thus we are reducing risk by trading with the trend, not against it.\n\nWe also use trailing stop losses to reduce any losses in the event of a spontaneous trend change.\n\nFor more details on how the Indicator works please go to our results page.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6208586692810059}
{"content": "Henckels Knife Markings, Challenges Working With Data, Archaea Definition Biology, Astringent Fruit 4 Letters, Shravan Goli Linkedin, Moulded Fibre Europe, Oral Surgery Residency Programs Usa, Availability Non Functional Requirements, Korean Skin Care Set For Acne, John Stokes The Bachelors, Comments comments Share this with your friends! Share on FacebookShare on Twitter\" />\nattentional focus affects movement efficiency\n\nattentional focus affects movement efficiency\n\ndirected at the movement effect (i.e., inducing an external focus). Significant main effects indicated: (1) greater accuracy in EX (PLT: 27.32 vs. PST 31.46 cm) vs. perceived target size), suggesting different mechanisms in motor execution: instructions influence the control of movement whereas the target conditions inform motor planning through perceptual and motivational variables. These include research on (a) conditions that enhance expectancies for future performance, (b) variables that influence learners’ autonomy, and (c) an external focus of attention on the intended movement effect. Research examining golf putting specifically has failed to find an advantage of adopting either a proximal or an internal focus, but experiments have not included a distal focus condition. This study aimed to examine the level of shooting accuracy demonstrated by law enforcement recruits upon completion of their law enforcement firearms training in comparison with novice shooters. The purpose of this study was to investigate how attentional focus on body sway affects postural control during quiet standing. The potential mediating role of visual information in skilled basketball throwers was also examined. Conditions of practice, such as task scheduling (e.g, are assumed to influence how information is processed and affects the learning of motor skills. Evidence in support of the constrained action hypothesis, which has been put forward as an explanation for the attentional focus effects, is presented. The difficulty levels of the task are adjusted dynamically by an adaptive model to achieve a constant success rate. In our study, one group (internal focus, IF) was instructed to focus on shifting In both experiments, spatial errors were greater during internal probes compared with external probes or a no-probe control condition. Researchers have formulated two attention-based models: self-focus and distraction. The current experiment tests these predictions in a dart-throwing task. ... accuracy, balance) and efficiency (e.g. Participants' attention was directed either externally (towards the force plate they were pushing against) or internally (towards their own leg, specifically the agonist muscle). On the advantage of an external focus of attention: A benefit to learning or performance? Focusing externally generally improves a person's performance, but it is critical to address the individual's belief in the effects of attention. RESULTS: The results of the factorial repeated measure ANOVA fund an internal-external main effect, a relevant-irrelevant main effect, a main effect of vision, and an interaction of internal-external with relevant-irrelevant. In each attentional condition, half of the trials were performed using visual information and in the other half of the trials visual information was removed. In the current study, we examined whether the combination of all 3 factors would enhance learning even further compared with combinations of 2 factors. Free Online Library: Effect of attentional instructions and increasing frequency on relative phase stability of out-phase bimanual coordination movements. Objectives This study examined whether the impact of enacted support on performance differed across type (esteem and informational) and visibility (visible and invisible) of support. We therefore conclude that the Polar Question operator is directly inserted on top of the compositional structure. Internal attention group focused on elbow and wrist. Effective motor performance is important for surviving and thriving, and skilled movement is critical in many activities. Conclusion The results suggest that enacted support can benefit novices’ performance and that it is crucial to consider both the type and the visibility of the support. Methodological issues that have arisen in the literature are discussed. There was some evidence for an increased task focus in the external condition. The participants were counter- balanced and performed 80 trials in four attentional strategies of external-relevant, external-irrelevant, internal-relevant, and internal-irrelevant (20 trials per condition). An internal focus directs attention to bodily movements, joint angles or details of the action itself (87). In these experiments, iEMG of both the agonist (biceps) and antagonist (triceps) was significantly lower with externally compared to … Through the use of surrounding distracting visual stimulus, an Ebbinghaus illusion aimed to induce PLT or PST during putting. Some attention has been focused on relationships of social-cognitive variables such as self-efficacy to motor performance (e.g., Moritz, Feltz, Fahrbach, & Mack, 2000), but much less to the impact of motivational variables on the acquisition of new motor skills. 1 Over the past several decades, social-cognitive researchers have explored the motivational pathways connecting socially influenced thoughts, affective and experiential responses, and behavior in movement contexts and other arenas of human functioning (e.g. There was also significant difference between groups (in favor of errorless group) in internal group (p=0.012). We hypothesised that the beneficial effect of external focus of attention would be observed in the different stages of the sprint start (i.e. To address this issue, sixteen young healthy adults were asked to stand upright as immobile as possible on a force platform in both Control and Attention conditions. Results and conclusion It seems practice challenge have important role in attention focus effectiveness. reaction time, block clearance and running) for both expert and novice sprinters. Attentional focus affects motor performance and learning. © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. Although an effect of acquisition focus during testing in Experiment 2 provides some evidence that FOA affects learning, the current data demonstrate a much stronger effect for performance than learning, and stronger effects of attention on precision than accuracy. Thus, there were four groups: Inherent-Ability Better, Inherent-Ability Worse, Acquirable-Skill Better, and Acquirable-Skill Worse. The current experiment varied the FOA by asking the participants to judge joint angles (internal-relevant), respiration (internal-irrelevant), dart release angle (external-relevant), and tone loudness (external-irrelevant) at dart release in which task-intrinsic concurrent visual feedback was available or not. Triple play: Additive contributions of enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and external attentional focus to motor learning Show all authors. Many sport skills, including those that involve throwing, serving, kicking, or hitting balls, require accuracy, and numerous studies have assessed movement accuracy as a function of attentional focus. We speculate that enhanced expectancies and an external focus propel performers’ cognitive and motor systems in productive “forward” directions and prevent “backsliding” into self- and non-task focused states. Findings show that the performance and learning advantages through instructions or feedback inducing an external focus extend across different types of tasks, skill levels, and age groups. DOI: 10.4324/9780203133712-12 Corpus ID: 198734960. Method In this paper we discuss a kind of polar questions featuring the fronting of a focal constituent to a left-peripheral position. Attentional focus is consciously attending to specific information during movement under the influence of instructions (Spittle, 2013). a) Frequency at which 50% of the power is reached b) Frequency at which the average power is reached c) Frequency at which the maximum power occurs Conclusion - Improved accuracy and iEMG activity: consistent with previous research - One group (enhanced expectancy) was provided with (fabricated) feedback about the efficiency of their running style every 2 min. Mean radial accuracy (cm) was calculated. Finally, our current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the attentional focus effect is outlined, and directions for future research are suggested. Motor performance is responsive to attentional focus. The way an athlete focuses their attention when lifting a weight has the potential to influence strength development during training and performance outcomes during competition. Externally focused instruction produced significantly lower iEMG magnitude across muscles, whereas an internal focus produced the greatest activity but with no evidence of a selective isolation effect of the vastus medialis oblique. Attentional Control Theory: Anxiety, Emotion, and Motor Planning. This can be interpreted as energy savings related to either physical (metabolic) or mental energy. Quick Quiz :D What is Mean Power Frequency? The purpose of this investigation is to examine the relationship between the distance effect on power output during countermovement jumps in Rugby athletes. An important aspect of learning and performing motor skills involves effectively directing one's attention. A systematic review examining the underlying mechanisms of attentional focus effects on movement efficiency. Performance was independently affected by AF and target visual context (e.g. Attentional Focus and Movement Efficiency An important criterion in Guthrie’s (1952) definition of skill is minimal energy expen-diture. Attentional models suggest that when anxiety increases, athletes divert attention to either internal (i.e., movement-related or emotion-focused) or external (i.e., environmental) irrelevant cues, instead of maintaining optimal attention. The Better groups demonstrated more effective learning than the Worse groups. In sport and other performance domains, it is important that motor skills are learned effectively and can be reproduced if and when demanding circumstances arise. Some studies have also confirmed the superiority of distances away from body for external focus of attention. Major databases (SportDISCUS, PsycINFO, Scopus) were searched using key terms relevant to attentional focus and weightlifting and reference lists of identified articles were also searched. Integrated Electromyography (iEMG) of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis oblique and rectus femoris muscles was obtained in addition to knee extensor torque. focus structure. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed, but in general these data provide a more nuanced understanding of how attentional focus instructions influence motor learning and performance. With the proposed game, 12 trainees were subsequently administered pre- and post-tests in the first and last day of a longitudinal experiment to examine efficacy of training on the sustained-attention-to-response task (SART) and the Stroop task. Lohse KR (1), Sherwood DE, Healy AF. Conclusions The present results show that, within the same individuals, instructions to adopt an external focus and the provision of a small choice contributed independently to enhance motor performance in children. However, the FOA in these studies was not experimentally controlled during testing. The QE-trained group and the Analogy group reported fewer explicit rules and less conscious processing than the explicit group. An internal focus of attention reduced the accuracy of force being produced and increased cocontraction of the antagonist muscle. other. the wording of instructions or feedback influence performance and learning (e.g., Research has found an advantage for an external focus of attention in motor control and learning; instructing subjects to focus on the effects of their actions, rather than on body movements, can improve performance during training and retention testing. Focusing externally allows for relatively greater joint movement and better compensation across joints to achieve the movement goal (for reviews, see, ... An internal FOA has been shown to reduce joint variability and coordination between joints as opposed to an external FOA. An external attentional focus (on the effects of movement) can lead to more efficient and effective movements compared to an internal focus (on body movement itself). Finally, directing learners' attention to the intended movement effect (external focus) has beneficial effects for learning. If the same movement outcome is achieved with less energy, the Besides biomechanical and physiological factors determining sprint start performance, the efficacy of information processes involved in movement preparation and execution could influence the success of such a complex task that requires a quick response to a signal and the coordination of several effectors. Not only must motor skills be learned as quickly and efficiently as possible, but their performance must be durable and resilient to the potentially debilitating effects of performance anxiety caused by competitive pressure. In each attentional condition, half of the trials were performed using visual information and in the other half of the trials visual information was removed. Significantly more participants preferred a distal focus of attention than would be expected by chance. We examined whether the focus of attention can influence running economy (oxygen consumption at a set running speed). KP was provided to participants after each attempt. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). These are reviewed in a subsequent section. pitch shot). Errorfull groups begun the practice with distance away from the target (3.5 m) then they gradually decreased the distance (3, 2.37, 2 and 1.5 m). Also, the performance of athletes at different distances of an external focus of attention was compared. The predominant manipulations have been between internal-associative and external-associative foci. This study presents two experiments exploring effects of attention during an isometric plantar-flexion task using surface electromyography (sEMG). Signature size changes suggested that participants in the Worse groups perceived negative normative feedback as a threat to the self. The independent variable for this study was the attentional focus instruction conveyed to the athlete: internal or external. Future studies should continue evaluating the effect of attentional focus instructions on movement efficiency. Finally, adopting an external focus of attention (i.e., a focus on the intended movement effect) has consistently been shown to enhance learning compared with an internal focus on body movements or no instructed focus (control conditions; for reviews, see, ... Verbal instruction and feedback that emphasises an external focus of attention (onto intended movement effects) enhances motor learning and performance compared to when an internal focus (onto bodily movements) or no specific focus is provided (for reviews, see, ... Mack et al. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of external focus instructions and autonomy support on motor performance of children. Hypothesis Testing was conducted utilizing a Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RM ANOVA) at a .05 significance level.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9997289180755615}
{"content": "30/08/2019 09:52 GMT+7 Email Print Like 0\n\nOutstanding artists honoured with State’s titles\n\nA total of 391 outstanding artists were honoured with the State titles of People’s Artist and Meritorious Artist at a ceremony held at the Hanoi Opera House on August 29, with the attendance of Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc.\nPrime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc (fourth from right, front row)\nand the outstanding artists (Photo: VNA) \n\n\n\nThe oldest among the honoured artists this year is 92-year-old cameraman Duong Tuan Ba of the Giai Phong film studio.\n\nSpeaking at the ceremony, PM Phuc said over the past years, writers and artists have contributed to the struggle for national independence, freedom and reunification, as well as national construction and defence.\n\nHe lauded the efforts, talents and dedication of the artists, and described them as pioneers in preserving, developing and spreading the nation’s cultural and artistic values both at home and abroad.\n\nThe leader pointed out limitations and challenges currently facing the cultural and artistic sector, including cultural degradation.\n\nGiven this, the most urgent task is to perfect the standards and values of the Vietnamese culture and people, making culture a foundation for economic development, and the nation’s internal strength, he said.\n\nPromoting cultural and human values has been defined as one of strategic breakthroughs in strategic documents on socio-economic development for 2021-2030, as well as socio-economic orientations and tasks for 2021-2025 which are being prepared for the 13th National Party Congress, he noted.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8847112655639648}
{"content": "3 ways to shift employees' mindsets towards leading the change : No. 3 is a game changer\n\nChanging policies become utterly useless when the policies are dreadful and only benefit when everyone behaves like a robot. Unfortunately, the people in an organization have differing views and opinions which means that before any change of policy is made, shifting of the mindset become more essential.\n\n\"It is not how strong you are, it is how firm your footing is\"\n\n  • The first wrong footing that people tend to think of change as a linear process where if i apply this step, i can proceed to the next, so and forth.\n\n  • The second wrong footing is to change policy based on theory and not looking at it from at a practical and realistic perspective which usually results in minimal success\n\n  • The third wrong footing is wanting to shift mindsets and behaviour through coercion and force or worse still, threats if there is non-compliance.\n\nWell, here is the real challenge !\n\nTo change something, means that people will be shifted out of their comfort zones! Out of comfort zones translates to high uncertainty and less predictability. The interesting bit is that humans have a strong need for safety and security when they feel threatened under the siege of change. The amount of threat people feel will be based on the intent and impact that the change may have to their lives.\n\nExample ->\n\nEmployees have to take on additional scope of responsibilities due to the lean workforce with no additional benefits. Employee A who is taking on huge projects may feel a greater impact as he/she may not be able to perform well if more responsibilities were added. Whereas, Employee B may feel less impact as he/she may just need to make minor adjustments to his/her work routines to make the change successful. Does this mean that employee B has a better change mindset than employee A?\n\nThis is absolutely untrue. Because, we are not comparing an apple to an apple, we are comparing an apple to a pear, there is no point or basis for comparison. Unless both employees begin in the pre-change state with the same amount of workload and the additional workload is equally heavy.\n\nNo amount of mindset shift would be enough if the employee is already overworked and overwhelmed as the hygiene factors are not taken care of as illustrated below.\n\nTaking into the assumption that the hygiene factors are well-taken care of, you can then proceed to focus on the mindset of the employee or team members. A mindset can be defined as your collection of thoughts and beliefs that shape your thought habits.\n\nSo how can you help to shift mindsets towards leading change? Here are 3 ways in which you can use :\n\n#1 : Show Them The Way\n\nLeaders play a huge role in leading the change for the organization, team members look upon to leaders for direction, guidance and support especially during times of change. Leaving employees by themselves to figure things out is a quick way to lose trust and confidence. Leaders hold the responsibility to \"show them the way\" like a tour guide, who needs to introduce the place of interest even before reaching, telling tourist (employees) what are things to look out for and how much time for sightseeing.\n\nHowever, far too many times, leaders leave their employees to figure their \"own\" way out and park everything under the excuse \"employees need to be more self-directed\". when a leader adopts this type of mindset, the employees would definitely not be in the \"right\" mindset to lead the change with the leader\n\n#2 : Break Change Into Small Steps Small steps help people to navigate through change faster as minor adjustments are needed to achieve the milestones. Take for example, riding on a straight path for the next 5 minutes would require little to no adjustment to your grip on the handlebars, but if i tell you that 500 metres ahead there is a hill to overcome. You would most probably brace yourself into a racing position, tighten your grip on the handle bars, peddle harder to use momentum as your ally , all these adjustments will be done probably 100 metres before you reach the hill.\n\nHowever, what if i told you that 500 metres ahead, there is large slope with an incline of 40 degrees and most people take 10 mins of hard peddling to reach to the top. How would you feel? Would that be too big a step ahead? Would you give up even before trying?\n\nWell, you get what i mean.\n\nSmall steps are better than no steps\n\n#3 : Translate The Change Into Their Language Not Yours\n\nIn a study where 84 female room attendants working in seven different hotels were measured on physiological health variables affected by exercise. Those in the informed condition were told that the work they do (cleaning hotel rooms) is good exercise and satisfies the Surgeon General’s recommendations for an active lifestyle. After a 4 weeks intervention, compared with the control group, they showed a decrease in weight, blood pressure, body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index.\n\nWhat does this study show?\n\nThe consciousness of the benefits of change was actualised by the female room attendants, they believed that the work that they do is considered \"good exercise\" with them almost hitting the requirement of at last 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily will lead to better health.\n\nWhen we likened this experience with employees, we need to translate the change into benefits for them rather than against them. Bring the benefits of the change to their consciousness such that it is the first thing on the top of their lists.\n\n\nShifting mindset requires time, effort and patience, we have seen too many a times when changes are made in a rash and impulse manner, this results in employee's building a barrier towards change.\n\nClick to find out how to lead the change\n\nSubscribe to our blog to get articles like this.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.945201575756073}
{"content": "April 18, 2016 Articles\n\nTwo-Track Investigations: How to Protect Privileged Information after a Data Security Breach\n\nA recent decision in the Target litigation reaffirms the validity of two-track investigations.\n\nBy Kristen Viglione\n\nA recent decision in the Target litigation over a data security breach that occurred during the 2013 holiday season has reaffirmed the validity of the well-established practice of conducting two-track investigations after a data security breach.\n\nTwo-track investigations permit a company to conduct a swift, non-privileged investigation of how a data breach occurred, while pursuing, with a different team, a separate privileged investigation to assist in-house and outside counsel to provide legal advice to the company. In the Target litigation, the court denied a motion to compel certain attorney-client and work-product privileged materials generated in the course of Target's internal investigation because of Target's two-track approach to investigating the breach. In re Target Corp. Customer Data Sec. Breach, MDL No. 14-2522 (D. Minn. Oct. 25, 2015).\n\nTarget faced the same problem confronted by many data security breach defendants: the struggle to protect from discovery privileged information developed in the course of internal investigations. To address this issue, many defendants engage in two-track investigations. However, defendants often believe it is impossible to maintain a two-track investigation in the midst of a massive, highly publicized data security breach. The Target decision demonstrates the viability of the two-track approach and confirms the benefits and importance of considering a two-track investigation. With sufficient resources and planning, a defendant can invoke the protections of this investigative method, even when faced with a large data breach, litigation, and press attention.\n\nTarget's Two-Track Investigation and the Privilege Ruling\nSeventy million people and over 500 financial institutions fell victim to the Target data security breach that occurred between November 27 and December 15 of 2013. Computer hackers gained access to Target's computer systems and extracted credit and debit card numbers and the personal information of Target's customers, including their names, addresses, emails, and phone numbers. The breach gave rise to consumer, financial institution, and shareholder class actions against Target. The class actions alleged violations of consumer protection laws and data breach notice requirements, negligence, breach of implied contract, and unjust enrichment, among other claims. These claims were based on Target's alleged failure to protect customer financial data.\n\nTarget launched an internal investigation, retaining outside counsel and Verizon, as a consulting expert, to conduct a two-track investigation of the data security breach. Working on behalf of a number of credit card companies, the Verizon team investigated how the security breach occurred. Verizon conducted the investigation as Target ordinarily would in its daily course of business. Materials generated in this investigation were not, and were never intended to be, privileged. Rather, Target undertook this investigation to understand how the breach happened and how to respond appropriately as a business, regardless of pending litigation.\n\nWorking with a different team from Verizon, completely insulated from the first investigation, Target launched a second investigation into the data security breach with a focus on the pending litigation. At the request of inside and outside counsel, Target formed an internal task force—the Data Breach Security Task Force—to address the breach. Target's chief legal officer, Timothy Baer, explained that Target established the task force \"to coordinate activities on behalf of [Target's inside and outside] counsel to better position the Target Law Department and outside counsel to provide legal advice to Target personnel to defend the company.\" The second Verizon team provided counsel with the necessary information regarding the breach in order to provide legal advice to Target.\n\nTarget's internal investigations were understandably of interest to the plaintiffs in lawsuits against Target. In the consolidated class actions brought by the financial institutions, plaintiffs sought discovery of certain documents related to the second investigation. Target withheld the materials from production, claiming attorney-client privilege and work-product protection. The financial institutions filed a motion to compel, which Target opposed. It argued that its two-track method of internal investigation clearly delineated the discoverable information (the track 1 investigation) from the privileged information (the track 2 investigation) not subject to discovery. Target specified that the first investigation, conducted in order to understand how the breach occurred, consisted of ordinary-course-of-business information. Target explained that the second investigation, by contrast, was conducted for the purpose of providing legal advice and that Verizon, as its consulting expert, provided the necessary information regarding the breach to permit counsel to provide informed advice. Target concluded by asking the court to find that the materials arising out of the second investigation were protected under the work-product doctrine and attorney-client privilege.\n\nFollowing an in camera review of the documents, the court denied all but one request in the financial institutions' motion. The court agreed with Target's argument regarding the two-track investigation. The court noted that the work of the task force and the second investigation did not focus on remediation of the breach; rather, Target conducted the investigation so that its attorneys could provide informed legal advice and prepare to defend against pending and anticipated litigation. Because the withheld materials were created for the purpose of providing legal advice, the court found the documents protected by the attorney-client privilege and work-product doctrine.\n\nWhat Does This Mean for Companies Faced with a Data Security Breach?\nIn-house counsel should consider a two-track investigation as an effective means to address a data breach while insulating information that should be protected from disclosure under the attorney-client privilege and work-product doctrine. As detailed in the Target ruling, that investigation would consist of (1) a forensic investigation to determine how the breach occurred and (2) a separate forensic investigation conducted by a team retained to provide consulting services and technical expertise to assist counsel in rendering legal advice to the company.\n\nBecause a two-track investigation involves a substantial amount of time, planning, and resources, it may not be the appropriate response to every data security breach. In-house counsel will need to engage in a quick and practical evaluation of the issues raised by a data security breach to see if the company would benefit from a two-track approach.\n\nWhile there is no guarantee that other courts will follow the Target decision, the clarity of the court's reasoning should be persuasive to other judges presented with questions regarding the scope of privilege in the context of addressing a data breach. Each track clearly delineates the information that is part of a company's ordinary business and separately develops the privileged information and advice required to render legal advice to the client. The analytical framework used in the Target decision should help other courts to dispose of discovery disputes and to protect information that falls within a company's attorney-client privilege and attorney work product. The Target decision provides reassurance that two-track investigations can work effectively to protect privileged information in both large and small data security breaches, despite the pressures of litigation and intense public scrutiny.\n\nKeywords: litigation, expert witnesses, data security breach, investigation, privilege, counsel\n\nKristen Viglione is an associate with Schiff Hardin in Chicago, Illinois. \n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9827613234519958}
{"content": "Where is cerro negro located?\n\nBe the first to answer!\n\nStill have questions?\n\nRelated Questions\n\nWhere is Mobil's Cerro Negro?\n\nMobil's Cerro Negro project is in Venezuela\n\nWhat are the names of mountains in Uruguay?\n\ncerro negro\n\nWhat plate boundary is Cerro Negro on?\n\nCaribbean plate\n\nWhen was the last time cerro negro erupted?\n\nIt was in 1999.\n\nWhat type of volcanoe is cerro negro?\n\nCinder Cone Volcano\n\nCerro Negro of Nicaragua is an active or dormant volcano?\n\n\nWhat does cerro negro mean?\n\nIt is a volcano in Nicaragua. Its name means black hill.\n\nWhere can you go volcano surfing?\n\nYou can go volcano surfing at Cerro Negro in León, Nicaragua :)\n\nWhat are some cinder cone volcanoes in the us?\n\nCerro Negro, Mount Shasta, Lava Butte\n\nDid people died in el cerro negro volcano?\n\nNot very many, all because it was not located in a popular location. Fortunately. And because you asked, it did not damage much land/town either. At least, not alot of damage.\n\nWhich mountain range is mount cerro aconcagua?\n\nCerro Aconcagua at 22,841 ft is the highest peak in the Americas and is located in the Andes mountains.\n\nWhat are some mountains in Costa Rica?\n\nSome mountains located in Costa Rica are:Cerro ChatoCerro KamukBrava VolcanoCerro de la MuertoRincón de la Vieja\n\nWhat are some famous cinder cone volcanoes?\n\nSome famous cinder cone volcanoes include Parícutin in Mexico, Sunset Crater in Arizona, and Cerro Negro in Nicaragua.\n\nIn which nation is Cerro Aconcagua located?\n\nIn the Andes Mountain Range in Argentina, South America\n\nWhat are the mountions in Costa Rica?\n\nArenal VolcanoBarva VolcanoCerro CedralChato VolcanoCerro ChirripóCerro EchandiIrazú VolcanoCerro KamukMiravalles VolcanoCerro dela MuerteOrosí VolcanoCerro PicoAlto\n\nWhere is the Hope Welty Public Library District in Cerro Gordo located?\n\nThe address of the Hope Welty Public Library District is: 100 South Madison Street, Cerro Gordo, 61818 0260\n\nWhere is the Negro River located?\n\nIn the Chaco Province of Argentina\n\nWhat is panamas highest peak?\n\nHighest Peaks In Panama Volcán Barú (Elevation: 11401 feet)Cerro Fábrega (Elevation: 10942 feet)Cerro Picacho (Elevation: 9731 feet)Cerro Respingo (Elevation: 9350 feet)Cerro Chorcha (Elevation: 7343 feet)Cerro Santiago (Elevation: 6959 feet)Cerro Guayabo (Elevation: 6850 feet)Cerro Tacarcuna (Elevation: 6152 feet)Cerro La Bomba (Elevation: 6070 feet)Cerro Chicú (Elevation: 5787 feet)\n\nWhat is the population of Cerro Sombrero?\n\nCerro Sombrero's population is 687.\n\nWhat is Cerro Cama's population?\n\nThe population of Cerro Cama is 1,420.\n\nWhat is Cerro Pelado's population?\n\nThe population of Cerro Pelado is 6,385.\n\nWhen did Emeterio Cerro die?\n\nEmeterio Cerro died in 1996.\n\nWhen was Emeterio Cerro born?\n\nEmeterio Cerro was born in 1952.\n\nWhat is Cerro Chato's population?\n\nCerro Chato's population is 1,099.\n\nWhat is the population of Cerro Navia?\n\nThe population of Cerro Navia is 148,312.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5933763980865479}
{"content": "Learn Muscles: Anatomy\n\n    Learn Muscles: Anatomy icon\n\n    Learn Muscles: Anatomy\n\n    by: 782 8.8\n\n    8.8 Users\n    DOWNLOAD  $2.99\n\n\n\n    A great reference, testing, and education tool. Includes 125 beautiful muscles images with name, action, origin, insertion, and comments, plus audio pronunciation guide, a quiz maker, and 4 short videos to create a rich learning experience.\n\n    - MUSCLE IMAGES: 125 major muscles, both deep and superficial with all important information and comments.\n    - AUDIO: Pronunciation guide for each muscle.\n    - QUIZ MAKER: Create your own multiple choice quiz on the name, action, origin, or insertion... and focus on the leg, arm, torso, or head. 480 total questions. If you get it wrong, the app shows the correct muscle image and speaks the correct name.\n    - VIDEOS: 4 embedded videos explaining the function of the face, arm, leg, and torso muscles.\n\n    This robust application is a great teaching and learning tool for students, educators, and healthcare practitioners wanting to study or teach the muscular system.\n\n    Made by an anatomy instructor and reviewed by doctors. If you purchase this app and like it, please leave us a kind review.\n\n    Tags: learn muscles anatomy apk , muscles anatomy , memorize muscles , learn muscles , learn muscles anatomy , learning muscles , learn muscles apk , anatomy muscle action games , what muscles are in your but anatomy\n\n    Users review\n\n    from 782 reviews", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.000009536743164}
{"content": "Al-Ghanim calls for addressing deficit, illegal residents, oil prices\n\nKuwait Parliament speaker Marzouq Al-Ghanim said Tuesday he was looking forward to work with the government to address pressing issues, like budget deficit, low oil prices and illegal residents.\n\nAddressing the opening session of the National Assembly’s 5th regular session of the 15th legislative term, Al-Ghanim said the parliament and government should join hands to tackle decline in scientific research and national identity.\n\nSpeaker Al-Ghanim, paid tribute to the late Amir Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah but said His Highness the Amir Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad “who was his (late Amir) partner in success, would continue the process towards construction.” Talking about challenges facing the parliament and government, Al-Ghanim said “it is our duty to direct our political speech” to addressing thorny issues in line with a specific timetable.\n\nAl-Ghanim, who congratulated His Highness the Crown Prince Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah for assuming office, said all attempts to dissolve the parliament have failed and the National Assembly continued its term.\n\nAl-Ghanim also thanked His Highness the Prime Minister Sheikh Sabah Khaled Al-Hamad Al-Sabah for his government’s cooperation regarding a host of issues, including the coronavirus pandemic.\n\nAl-Ghanim, meanwhile, called for diversifying sources of income to guarantee decent life for current and future generations.\n\nHe also called for paying further attention to the housing care issue and development of education.\n\nSource: Kuwait News Agency", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8916346430778503}
{"content": "Within BioPharm.Si programme, the project RDP1: Cell Line Quality Control for Biologics Production  leaded by Prof Dr Kristina Gruden (National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology) aims to efficiently improve and/or select Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines with high production and long term stability. For parental CHO cell line improving, we used omics approach to identified genes that represent a bottleneck in the manufacturing process. The next step is to knockout these genes using CRISPR/Cas9.\n\nCRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful-targeted genome editing technology that has revolutionised life science. During the last 5 years is apparently being used by everyone. Actually it has been applied in almost all fields of live science i.e basic research, biotechnology, and medicine (Fig 1) and thousands of papers using CRISPR/Cas9 have been published since 2011.\n\n\nFig 1.  Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 (Hsu et al. Development and Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for Genome Engineering, Cell, 2014)\n\nBut what is CRISP/Cas9 system? And what is it that turned CRISPR/Cas9 into the most efficient and highly used tool for targeted genome editing at a record-breaking speed?\n\nTargeted genome editing technology allows inducing precise deletions, insertions or modifications of DNA sequences in a broad range of cell types and organisms. The first required step to apply the technology is to induce unique DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that will then be repaired by the machinery that almost all cell naturally possess. Depending on the repair pathway and the availability of a DNA donor template, we can accomplish different gene modifications. Two different DSB repair pathways have been described: non-homologous end joining which usually leads to gene knockout and homologous recombination that can be used for gene modification and gene insertion.\n\nAs we mentioned above, to apply genome engineering technology we first need to induce DSBs at the specific site of DNA that we want to edit. For this, synthetic nucleases such us zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) were developed and have been available for already long time. These synthetic nucleases allow us to introduce DNA breaks in specific sites of the genome however they have not been widely accepted by the scientific community mostly because the design and construction of these enzymes is time consuming and expensive. It wasn’t until 2012, with the demonstration that CRISPR/Cas9 can be repurposed as a tool to generate programmable DSBs in DNA, that genome engineering technology became routine in molecular biology labs.\n\nIn fact CRISPR/Cas9 system was not “newly invented” by scientist but we borrowed it from bacteria. It’s a prokaryotic immune system that helps bacteria fight foreign genetic elements (e.g viral DNA).  When a virus infect a bacterial cell for the first time the bacteria cuts the viral genome and incorporate a piece of it into its genome, at the CRISPR locus. When the CRISPR locus is transcribed, it produces the CRISPR targeting RNA (crRNA) that forms a complex with a Cas nuclease. The next time the bacterial cell will encounter the same virus, the crRNA will direct Cas nuclease to cut the foreign DNA. Nowadays we are using the same mechanism to generate specific breaks into the DNA of the organism we want to edit. To that, two main components have to be expressed in our target cells: the Cas9 nuclease and an engineered single guide RNA (sgRNA) that will guide Cas9 to the complementary target (Fig 2).\n\n\nFig 2.  Genome engineering with CRISPR/Cas 9 system (New England BioLabs)\n\nThe simplicity is one of the main advantages of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. For each gene we want to edit, we only need to choose and design a sgRNA that will be co-expressed with the Cas9 nuclease. The relatively easy design and construction is even more evident when we compare it with other nucleases such us ZFNs and TALENs that require re-designing a new protein for each target gene. High efficiency and broad applicability are also advantages of the CRISPR/Cas9 that together with simplicity positioned this technology as a revolutionary tool for genome editing.  On the other side, one of the few criticisms of the CRISPR/Cas9 system is the relatively high frequency of off-target mutations. However, a lot of research and advances in optimizing the system are going on in that direction.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8837099075317383}
{"content": "Our Contact Details\n\nTel           (+34) 871 100 150\n\nTel           (+34) 91 101 1580\n\nFax          (+34) 871 100 151\n\nWhatsapp        (+34) 871 100 150\n\n\nEmail        email@bluemarinestore.com\n\nOur warehouse address is as follows:\n\nBlumast S.L.\nAlmacén 1152\nCami dels Reis 158\nPoligono Son Valenti\n07011 Palma de Mallorca\nIslas Baleares\n\n\n\nRadio Beacon Registration\n\nDo I have to register my PLB or EPIRB?\n\nYes, although an unregistered radio beacon still transmits a signal and can be located if activated, it could be considered a false alarm and will delay or even stop a rescue operation from being initiated. The beacon registration details provides all the contact details needed by the authorities to quickly establish whether or not the alert is valid and ensures a quick response in case of an emergency. \n\nCan I register a PLB to an individual rather than a vessel.\n\nYes, although many countries have still not implemented personal registration, some already allow this, including the UK. Both UK and foreign citizens can register a PLB through the MCA web page providing individual registration has not been approved in the citizens own country. Personal registration is now also permited for land use, allowing a single PLB to be used for various diferent activities. \n\nHow do I register a PLB radio beacon\n\nPLBs and EPIRBS are shipped pre-programmed with a 15 digit identification number. This number can be used to register the beacon. In the case of the UK please see the MCA EPIRB Registration page. Please note that the radio beacon needs no further programming.\n\nIs the process the same for registering a PLB or EPIRB to a vessel.\n\nIn the case of the UK, yes. However, many countries have different procedures and requirements. Some countries require that the PLB or EPIRB be re-progrrmmed with the MMSI number of the vessel before being registered. \n\nOur radio beacon prices include re-programming if required. Please use the following form to provide full details for this service. We recommended that you consult your local authorities for full details of the requirements.\n\nOnly fields marked with an asterisk are required for registration to an individual.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7386589646339417}
{"content": "Hommel Jasper - 50.60 ct\n\nHommel Jasper - 50.60 ct\nCabochon - No Certification\n\nLength: 45 mm\n\nMost: 29 mm\n\nHeight: 3 mm\n\nWeight: 10.12 Gr.\n\nNatural. Untreated.\n\nBumblebee Jasper is highly recommended for those who are at a point of closing or ending certain parts of their life and beginning anew. This stone enables one to accept change, find new opportunities, increases self-esteem and aids in making decisions without relying solely on emotions. Its vibrations are of great assistance in finding the good in things coming to an end (although many of these things may seem bad on the surface). Situations such as losing a job, going through a breakup or divorce, or having to relocate can often discourage people, but the vibrations of Bumblebee Jasper are a powerful ally in quickly learning from these endings and creating new chapters in life. This is especially true for cases of unemployment as it inspires one to pursue a career they are truly passionate about, while providing the creative force to bring out one’s inner purpose. In any situation, this fusion of passion and purpose can lead to a major life shift and personal transformation\n\nIt is believed that certain gemstones and minerals have beneficial health and spiritual properties. Catawiki cannot guarantee or be held liable for these suggested attributes which have no scientific evidence and cannot be considered a substitute for traditional medical treatment.\n\nHommel Jasper\nTotaal karaat gewicht\nSlijpsel en vorm\nNo Certification\nGeen indicatie van behandelingen\nNog niet geregistreerd?\nof Inloggen", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999646544456482}
{"content": "Hypersomnia: What Is This Sleeping Disorder?\n\nFebruary 26, 2020\n\nHypersomnia: What Is This Sleeping Disorder?\n\nMany people have heard about or know someone with insomnia. But when it comes to another closely related condition, hypersomnia (hypersomnolence), this sleep disorder is still rather unrecognized. In this article, we are going to deep dive into a sleep issue that affects approximately 1% of the population\n\n\nWhat Is Hypersomnia? \n\nThis sleeping disorder is categorized by sleeping excessively both at night and during the day, which explains why it’s also known as Excessive Sleeping Disorder (ESD). Many people who suffer from hypersomnia will often note that no matter how many hours of sleep they get, they never feel rested. \n\nEssentially, it is the complete opposite of insomnia, which is the inability to get sleep at night. Rather than feeling excessively tired from lack of sleep, hypersomnias have an uncontrollable need to nap repeatedly during the day, often at inappropriate times. It is not uncommon for individuals with this disorder to fall asleep at work, while eating a meal or even in the middle of a conservation. \n\nThese daytimes naps, while often refreshing for those who have good sleep quality, fail to relieve the symptoms of fatigue experienced by hypersomnias. That is why prolonged tiredness continues.  \n\n\nWhat Are The Signs And Symptoms Of This Sleep Disorder?\n\nWhile chronic tiredness is a tell-tale symptom of this sleep disorder, there are many other signs and side effects of hypersomnia that you should be aware of. These include a mixture of the following: \n\n  • Loss of appetite: It is not uncommon for those with ESD to experience periods where they experience appetite loss. With an overwhelming need to sleep, feelings such as hunger often are diminished.  \n  • Anxiety: In order to function as our best selves, sleep is essential. When we get too little or too much sleep, our nervous systems inevitably become more on edge and can cause us to feel more anxious. \n  • Disorientation: Disorientation or “sleep drunkenness” is also a common sign that is experienced. Hypersomnias often have extreme difficulty trying to wake up and often feel confused or disoriented when evidently woken. \n  • Irritation: Poor quality sleep has been known to cause stress, mood changes and irritability. People who have problems with sleep are at a higher risk of developing emotional disorders, anxiety and depression.  \n  • Cognitive dysfunction: This can include difficulties with memory retention, concentration, decreased attention levels and in some cases, may lead to slower speech. \n  • Decreased energy: With chronic tiredness, you will also experience decreased energy levels. When high-quality sleep happens on a regular basis, the body is primed to function at its best. However, when sleep quality is poor then you’ll feel more groggy and sluggish during the day. \n\n  • One of the most surprising hypersomnia symptoms is hallucinations. When individuals sleep excessively for a prolonged period of time, it is common for them to either have visual or auditory hallucinations. This is due to the mental disorientation and mental fog they experience after waking from sleep. Understandably, these experiences can be very distressing. \n\n    Many sleep physicians believe that this chronic sleep disorder can be caused by a number of different factors. These include narcolepsy, an autonomic nervous system issue, head trauma, depression and in some cases, certain medications. \n\n\n    Two Main Types: Primary vs Secondary Hypersomnia\n\n    Sleep physicians will generally discuss your medical history and sleeping habits before giving a diagnosis. Tests such as a multiple sleep latency test or a polysomnogram may be necessary to determine the factors causing your sleeping habits. \n\n    When hypersomnia is being diagnosed, your doctor will also determine whether you have it in its primary or secondary form. Below, we walk you through the two subtypes of this sleep disorder. \n\n    Type One: Primary Hypersomnia\n\n    Primary hypersomnia is mainly considered to be caused by neurological imbalances in the brain especially in the part that controls sleep function. It is solely categorized by the symptom of excessive tiredness and is not known to be caused by any other medical conditions. \n\n    Conditions such as narcolepsy (type 1 and 2), idiopathic hypersomnia and Kleine Levin Syndrome are all examples of the primary type of hypersomnolence.\n\n\n    Type Two: Secondary Hypersomnia\n\n    The secondary form, however, is generally considered as being a side effect of another existing medical condition or the usage of particular medications. \n\n    In some cases, people can begin experiencing symptoms of hypersomnia after receiving a serious head trauma injury. Additionally, it is not uncommon for people with depression to also be diagnosed with this sleeping disorder. However, there is not sufficient evidence to suggest that this mental disorder is a causing factor of hypersomnolence. \n\n    Essentially, any condition that affects a person’s ability to achieve deep sleep can cause secondary hypersomnia. One such condition is insufficient sleep syndrome, which is characterized by not sleeping enough per night on a regular basis.\n\n\n    Sleep Apnea: How They’re Connected\n\n    One of the most common secondary causes of this sleep disorder is in fact, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). As we already know, Sleep Apnea is a disorder that causes the airways to become blocked during sleep. When this happens, it causes the OSA patient to have disrupted sleep which follows with chronic fatigue the next day. \n\n    Without diagnosis and treatment, it is reasonable that a sleep apnea patient would begin to experience excessive levels of tiredness on a regular basis that would lead to the development of hypersomnia. While this isn’t to say that every Sleep Apnea patient will also have ESD and vice versa, the nature of these two disorders are strongly linked. \n\n\n    CPAP Therapy: Can It Be Beneficial? \n\n    In cases where hypersomnia is a secondary condition of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), CPAP therapy can be beneficial for improving a patient’s quality of sleep. By treating the problem at the source - the OSA - it will inevitably also improve the patient’s feelings of excessive daytime sleepiness. This can then enable the patient to improve their quality of life and reduce the risk of other medical conditions caused by sleep disorders. \n\n    However, if you are diagnosed with the primary form, your treatment plan will look slightly different. Depending on the severity of the condition, your sleep physician may recommend that you undertake certain lifestyle changes, increase your vitamin D intake or take prescription medication.\n\n    Leave a comment\n\n    Comments will be approved before showing up.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.993500828742981}
{"content": "Business to business marketing companies\n\nBusiness to business marketing companies\n\nWhat is an example of a business to business company?\n\nExamples of real-world B2B activity are plentiful and more visible than you might guess. For instance, the cloud-based document storage company Dropbox serves businesses as well as individuals. General Electric makes plenty of consumer goods, but it also provides parts to other enterprises.\n\nWhat is the best channel for business to business marketing?\n\n\nWhy is business to business marketing important?\n\nVenturing to a Business – to – Business marketing strategy allows companies and business owners to expand and widen reach of audience. Maximizing the use what the internet can offer, B2B commerce can reach all levels of market audience whenever and wherever part of the world.\n\nHow do you market your business to business?\n\nLet’s take a look at ten absolutely fundamental B2B marketing strategies that will not only help your firm keep up, but help you get ahead. Research. Niche-driven Strategy. A High Performance Website. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Social Media. Advertising. Referral Marketing .\n\nWhat are the 4 business types?\n\n\nWhat are business examples?\n\nBusinesses include large organizations such as Coca-Cola, Amazon, Walmart or General Motors. The heart of America, however, remains the small business . Small businesses in your city may include accounting firms, restaurants, local shops, and more.\n\nYou might be interested:  Kpis for email marketing\n\nWhat are the 4 channels of distribution?\n\n\nHow do you b2b a marketing strategy?\n\nInstead, here are four quick and painless steps to building out your B2B marketing strategy . Step 1: Lay Out Your Positioning in the Market. Step 2: Explain Your Target Market and Buyer Personas. Step 3: Set Goals. Step 4: Outline the Tactics You’ll Use and Create a Plan for Each.\n\nWhat is b2b lead generation?\n\nB2B lead generation is the process of identifying the ideal customers for your product or service, then attracting them to buy. It is an essential activity for B2B sales and marketing teams.\n\nWhat is a business to consumer market?\n\n\nHow different is business to business marketing?\n\nMost of the time, B2B (also known as business-to-business ) marketing focuses on logical process-driven purchasing decisions, while B2C (also known as business -to-consumer) marketing focuses on emotion-driven purchasing decisions.\n\nHow does marketing affect a business?\n\n\nYou might be interested:  Fast food marketing to children\n\nWhat are the 4 types of promotion?\n\nTerms in this set (6) 4 types of promotion. personal selling, advertising , public relations, sales promotion. personal selling. One of the largest forms of promotion. advertising . public relations. sales promotion. promotion.\n\nHow do I get my business noticed?\n\nLocal Marketing Ideas Be Everywhere Online. “Create, claim and update all the local business listings and profiles. Put a Face to the Company. Give Away Samples. Volunteer for the Long Haul. Encourage Reviews From Existing Customers. Focus on Voice Search SEO. Send Out Newsletters. Use Direct Mail.\n\nWhere can I market my business online?\n\nHere are seven ways to promote your business online that won’t cost you a dime: Use the three big local listing services. Embrace social media. Start a blog. Put up multimedia on YouTube and Flickr. SEO your company website. Press releases. Join a relevant online community and contribute.\n\nJack Gloop\n\nleave a comment\n\nCreate Account\n\nLog In Your Account", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8565587401390076}
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{"content": "Wärtsilä Introduces Highly Efficient Gas-Fuelled Version of 31S Engine\n\n\nWärtsilä Introduces Highly Efficient Gas-Fuelled Version of 31S Engine\n\nWärtsilä has produced a gas-fuelled variety of the popular Wärtsilä 31S engine. The new engine is called the Wärtsilä 31SG.\n\n\n\nAnother huge benefit made possible by the Wärtsilä 31SG is the increased flexibility, which enables rapid response to continuously changing load patterns, especially within systems having a notable share of solar and wind energy. The engine can be continuously operated at 10% load and can reach full load in two minutes from the start command. This flexibility overcomes the challenge created by the daily stops and starts that are inevitable with output from renewable sources.\n\nThe 20-cylinder, spark-ignited Wärtsilä 31SG produces 12MW of power. The specially designed robust engine structure has an unprecedented brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of 30 bar, allowing it to fully accommodate all the benefits of two-stage turbocharging.\n\nWärtsilä’s emphasis on efficiency is reflected not only in products such as the Wärtsilä 31SG but also in its lifecycle solution offering. The aim is to ensure that the power plant operates throughout its lifecycle in the most energy-efficient way and in full accordance with regulations. This goes beyond purely maintenance-related activities and involves a holistic approach combining remote operational support and maintenance management services from Wärtsilä’s regional expertise centres, supported by digital innovation and advanced analytics. Based on measured data, Wärtsilä guarantees that performance targets that are agreed upon are met and maintained.\n\nIn announcing the introduction of the Wärtsilä 31SG, Wärtsilä Energy Solutions Technology and Product Management director Niklas Wägar said: “The Wärtsilä 31SG is now available and represents a new-generation answer to the rapidly evolving need for greater flexibility and better efficiency in power generation.\n\n\n\nWärtsilä Introduces Highly Efficient Gas-Fuelled Version of 31S Engine\n\n\nWrite Your Comments\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7115972638130188}
{"content": "\nIRE favicon\n\n\nResource ID: #26992\nSubject: Elections\nSource: Center for Public Integrity\nDate: 10/9/14; 10/23/14; 11/3/14; 11/5/14\n\n\n\nIn “Election 2014: Big Money, Secret Money,” the Center for Public Integrity tracked the impact and role of political advertising ahead of the Nov. 4 elections to help voters interpret special-interest influence on state-level and U.S. Senate elections in real time. Our unique project analyzed TV advertising for state-level races, statewide ballot measures and the battle over the U.S. Senate before voters went to the polls, then analyzed the results of those races as the election returns came in on Nov. 4. The stories we produced shined a light on what were essentially shadow campaigns occurring in races up and down the ballot, where outside groups and special interests spent millions of dollars independently of candidates and political parties to influence the outcomes.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8023194670677185}
{"content": "Tokyo, Central Govt. Discussing Virus Emergency\n\nTokyo, central govt. discussing virus emergency\n\nThe Tokyo Metropolitan government is in talks with the central government on matters regarding a state of emergency it is seeking for Tokyo amid a coronavirus resurgence.\n\nGovernor Koike Yuriko told reporters on Wednesday that working-level talks are focusing on the duration of the state of emergency and measures to be taken during the period.\n\nThe Metropolitan Government will implement measures once the central government declares a state of emergency.\n\nReports of new daily cases continue to surge in Tokyo. Sample testing of confirmed cases on Tuesday showed that those involving more contagious variants hit 115, topping the 100 mark for the first time.\n\nTo prevent a rapid spread of the virus, the Metropolitan Government is considering measures to sharply curb people's movements.\n\nIts coordination with the central government also involves possible stricter measures, such as business closure requests.\n\nTokyo has recently been under less restrictive measures, such as asking restaurants to limit business hours.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9234055280685425}
{"content": "\ncorner which I go around at a certain speed whether it’s rainy or sunny. If\nit’s cloudy but not raining, however, I usually go faster. (SW\n\n1.56 answer: There’s a car wash on that corner. On rainy days, the rain\nand thus doesn’t make the road wet, so I can take the corner faster.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9972249269485474}
{"content": "14-23 January 2022\n\n\nThe Toyota Country Music Festival Tamworth is considered one of the most unique events in the world with over 700 artists performing across 100 plus venues as part of 2800 scheduled events. Over 70% of these events are free complimented by venues showcasing a variety of ticketed shows.\n\nStay tuned for the #TCMF2022 line up celebrating the 50th anniversary!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000100135803223}
{"content": "US-South Korean tensions over stance towards North Korea\n\nSouth Korea announced last weekend that the UN Security Council had finally granted an exemption from sanctions for its plans to work with North Korea on a joint survey as the first step towards reconnecting rail and road links between the two Koreas severed during the Korean War of 1950–53.\n\nWhile the US did not use its veto in the UN Security Council to block its ally, the Trump administration is increasingly dissatisfied with moves by South Korean President Moon Jae-in to foster closer relations with North Korea prior to a deal on its denuclearisation. Washington effectively delayed the planned survey in August, and again last month, by declaring that it could violate UN sanctions.\n\nTrump is insisting that the US will not lift punitive sanctions on North Korea until it has met his demands for the dismantling of its missile and nuclear arsenals, production facilities and programs. He met with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in Singapore in June which produced a vaguely-worded, joint statement agreeing to “the denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula” in return for unspecified security guarantees from the US.\n\nThe US has wound back its joint military exercises with South Korea, and North Korea has halted all missile and nuclear testing. However, after more than five months, talks between the US and North Korea have stalled. Washington has rejected North Korean calls for moves towards a peace treaty to formally end the Korean War and a step-by-step lifting of sanctions in return for moves to denuclearise.\n\nA meeting earlier this month between US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and his North Korean counterpart Kim Yong-chol was cancelled. Last week a North Korean website criticised the failure of the US to make any concessions. “These acts by the US apparently came from a medieval-era way of thinking that only threatening, coercive and barbarian tactics could enhance its negotiating leverage,” it stated, adding that such tactics would not work.\n\nSouth Korean President Moon, however, is keen to improve relations and reduce tensions with North Korea, which last year were threatening to engulf the Korean Peninsula in war. Speaking at the UN, Trump belligerently warned that North Korea faced “total destruction” if it threatened the United States.\n\nAt a summit in April, Moon and North Korean leader Kim agreed to take practical steps towards reconnecting the rail and road systems of the two countries. South Korea offered to renovate North Korea’s rail system and to send a train and engineers across the border to conduct a joint survey, to which North Korea agreed.\n\nRe-establishing transport links is just part of the Moon administration’s broader plans to economically integrate the economies of the two Koreas. His Democratic Party has long been associated with the so-called Sunshine Policy aimed at transforming North Korea into a cheap labour platform for South Korean conglomerates.\n\nFollowing the weekend announcement of a UN sanctions exemption, shares in South Korean companies linked to rail construction increased sharply—Korea Engineering Consultants and Yooshin Engineering by 30 percent. An IBK Economic Research Institute report this year estimated that the government’s plans for economic engagement with North Korea could increase South Korea’s GDP by more than 1 percent.\n\nRail, road and pipeline links through North Korea to China, Russia and on to Europe were central to the Sunshine Policy of President Kim Dae-jung. However, US President George Bush sabotaged these plans on assuming office in 2001 when he called for a review of US policy towards North Korea and scuttled the 1994 Agreed Framework to end Pyongyang’s ambitions to build nuclear weapons.\n\nPresident Moon has also taken steps to ease military tensions with North Korea at the Demilitarised Zone (DMZ) that separates the two Koreas. Agreements were reached during talks in September to dismantle all guard posts and halt live-fire exercises along the DMZ, and disarm and limit the number of troops from both sides in the shared border village of Panmunjom. This month North and South Korea have each demolished 10 guard posts.\n\nThe Trump administration, however, has expressed its concerns about warming relations between the two Koreas. Last week Secretary of State Pompeo warned South Korea “to make sure that peace on the peninsula and the denuclearisation of North Korea aren’t lagging behind the increase in the amount of inter-relationship between the two Koreas.” He was speaking after a joint working group with South Korea to “coordinate” North Korean policy—that is, to ensure that Seoul toes Washington’s line.\n\nWhile the Moon administration has not openly opposed or criticised the Trump administration’s hard-line stance towards North Korea, there is frustration in government ranks over US intransigence. “As long as this lack of confidence persists, the United States and North Korea will just be going around in a vicious circle,” Lee Soo-hyuck, a former South Korean negotiator and government lawmaker, told the Washington Post recently.\n\nThe Trump administration, however, shows no sign of making any concessions to North Korea. Earlier this month the US military provocatively held small-scale military drills with South Korea involving altogether 500 Marines. Last week, US Defence Secretary James Mattis foreshadowed that the annual joint Foal Eagle war games would proceed next year, albeit “reduced in scope” so as to keep from “being harmful to diplomacy.”\n\nThe Foal Eagle military drills are clearly a rehearsal for war with North Korea. Although delayed this year so as not coincide with the Winter Olympics in South Korea, these war games involved more than 300,000 US and South Korean troops backed by artillery, heavy armour, warships and military aircraft.\n\nIf the exercises proceed next year, they will certainly provoke an angry response from Pyongyang. While North Korea has frozen its nuclear and missile testing and destroyed the entrances to its nuclear test site, the only step taken by the US has been to wind back its joint military drills. North Korea is desperate for an easing of UN and US sanctions which have blocked much of its trade and crippled its economy.\n\nWhile a second summit between Trump and North Korean leader Kim has been mooted, nothing has been announced. Instead, Vice President Mike Pence told NBC News that if Kim is to meet Trump, it is “absolutely imperative” that he hand over a verifiable plan to disclose nuclear and missile sites, open them for inspection and dismantle them.\n\nSuch ultimatums threaten a return to extreme tensions on the Korean Peninsula and to destroy South Korean efforts to improve relations with North Korea.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6200649738311768}
{"content": "THE DEFINITION OF OVERPOPULATION In the past, infant and childhood deaths and short life spans used to limit popula-tion growth. Today people spend billions trying to make a more sustainable planet. The current figure stands at around 7.7 billion, and this is projected … Copy to Clipboard (Getty Images) The coronavirus pandemic has left mass devastation in its … Although many environmental trends are grim, there exist clear paths forward toward a more sustainable world: one where people steward resources for the future and share habitat and resources generously with other species. The society don't need them. How do animals fix overpopulation? The scientists said dealing with the burgeoning human population of the planet was vital if real progress was to be made on the other enormous problems facing the world. The population size of the United … What are different ways to prevent an overpopulation? The UK population is growing. Close . Resource Scarcity. This economist definitely thought so. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Bugs like the 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus are ones you we will have to most be on guard for as their symptoms tend to show up a while after contracting the virus allowing it to spread … The balance of nature (also known as ecological balance) is a theory that proposes that ecological systems are usually in a stable equilibrium or homeostasis, which is to say that a small change (the size of a particular population, for example) will be corrected by some negative feedback that will bring the parameter back to its original \"point of balance\" with the rest of the system. Also for example in my country South Korea, young people can't find jobs because there are no jobs to be done. (7) Is underpopulation a problem? Coronavirus pandemic: Is this nature's way to deal with population explosion? Clearly, initiatives to switch to clean energy sources such as solar, improve agricultural practices, better manage water resources and fully embrace the principles of the circular economy will help us mitigate the impact of population growth. This colossal imbalance … The movement is based on the notion that overpopulation is the greatest cause of animal mistreatment. A cull, although seemingly unethical, is the most effective way to deal with this problem. Biden’s ‘tweet-free’ policy to put trade in the background. There are several direct consequences of overpopulation:. How can the … (8) Who does overpopulation affect most? Although some regions are more populated than others, overpopulation has repercussions for the environment and everyone who shares it. In fact, the number of inhabitants is rising in every … Consumerism is characterized by the desire for material goods. Where lack of education and prevention is rampant, so you will find AIDS. The Malthusian theory claims that nature retaliates against the excessive population and living off of limited resources By Anoushka Pinto Updated On : 19:00 PST, Mar 19, 2020. Overpopulation, Nature’s Revenge, & Pandemic Don’t Dismiss the Design Option. This thread is archived. 6 8 minutes read. The unrelenting nature of overpopulation on earth has destroyed most of the world’s freshwater systems. Excess labor. What problems does overpopulation create? Conservative billionaire: 'Boy, did we screw up' The president suddenly appears to have gray hair Overpopulation refers to a population which exceeds its sustainable size within a particular environment or habitat. save hide report. By Georgia Kerkezis - December 4, 2017. Are there are too many of us, and this pandemic is the paramount example? We call them the 'surplus generation' how do animals deal with these population? But this cannot go on in an unlimited way. And all we get is a more polluted and less stable one. What are the positive effects of overpopulation? In areas of … Attenborough at the premiere of Blue Planet II in London. The UK is one of the most nature-depleted countries in the world and with no end to population growth in sight, pressure on wildlife, housing, public services and resources will continue to grow. The balance is sometimes … … Solving Overpopulation – Our Best Hope & Best Investment. As an island nation with limited land area and natural resources, the United Kingdom is under tremendous population pressure. Whether it is a question of food shortage, lack of drinking water or energy shortages, every country in the world is affected by it – or will be. Outlook for Overpopulation and Sustainability. (10) Are there any positive … That, in turn, leads to lower wages. The world's population increased by more than 4 billion people during the 20th century. Overpopulation- and incipient overconsumption- are the twin products of the capitalist system. The effects of human overpopulation have been documented in the history of Easter Island, where a human population with finite resources was nearly wiped out when their consumption increased beyond what the island could sustain. +++ ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS +++ In my opinion, the basic cause for al... l environmental problems including the climate catastrophe is the global overpopulation of humans, who are pushing back and destroying nature. The awesome part of the bubonic plague in Europe was that workers could write their own pay checks because there was no one left to work, all dead. What does this constant growth mean? It is well-known by now that the overpopulation of deer is destroying our Nature Preserve. What is the actual evidence for overpopulation? (5) Is there a single action the world can take to reduce overpopulation? Therefore, overpopulation describes a situation in which a … It is the dominant ideology of our times and holds responsibility for the Climate Crisis. No compassionate person wants to see that. The more people, the more damage they cause to Mother Nature. While most overpopulation theorists in the 1970s were worried about resource problems, Dr. Calhoun was worried about the psychological effects of overpopulation on a social animal. Every environmental protection measure is therefore only effective in the short term, because around 100 million people are added each year, who in turn consume resources, increase CO2 … Recently, a correspondent wrote challenging us to identify solutions to the demographic […] Image: REUTERS/Hannah McKay Spend just a minute watching the world population counter tick up on Worldometers and you’ll see just how quickly we’re swelling in numbers. News / Earth & Energy / David Attenborough / Overpopulation / Population Growth. In today's world, thanks to improved nutrition, sanitation, and medical care, more babies survive their first few years of life. There may be two causes: (i) population growth exceeds the existing resource base; (ii) existing resources have been depleted. (4) What can governments do to deal with overpopulation? Exhaustion of natural resources: the main effect of overpopulation is the unequal and unrestrained use of resources.The planet has a limited capacity to generate raw materials and each year the natural resources deficit – the consumption of resources at a faster rate than the planet is able to … If we don’t deal with it, war and famine will. The sustainability movement’s noble efforts to preserve nature and reduce consumption and poverty are failing. How can we spread awareness about overpopulation? The term ‘overpopulation’ means too great a population for a given region to support. Larry McReynolds, La Crescenta.. To the editor: I have been saying this for 30 years. The population peak on the island … The combination of a continu-ing high birth rate and a low death rate is creating a rapid population increase in many countries in Asia, Latin America and … It’s easy to let our minds meander this way, but we have likely had more serious pandemics (Let’s see this one reach its … How does nature control overpopulation? Overpopulation in the UK. To act consistently therefore, we should facilitate, instead of foolishly and vainly endeavoring to impede, the operations of nature in producing this mortality; and if we dread the too frequent visitation of the horrid form of famine, we should sedulously encourage the other forms of destruction, which we compel nature to use. June Javelosa December 19th 2016. Although population growth rates are declining in several parts of the world, the population continues to grow and tax natural resources. The other way is to reduce human population humanely. There are an estimated 600 million stray dogs in the world, thus the organization’s name. Human population is growing at a rate of approximately 78 million people per year with over 7 billion people living on the planet today and estimates reaching between 8 and 11 billion by 2050 and up to 15 billion by 2100.According to Steve Jones, head of the biology department at University College London, … Bugs like AIDS are much slower and tend to strike specific segments of population and a good deal can be done to prevent the spread. One way is to take no action so that nature inhumanely does it – through more famines, resource wars, droughts, misery, suffering and early deaths. A lot of first world poverty has to do (as the author says), a lot of that has to do with the fact that local ppl have to compete with migrants who will work for half. What is the cause and effect of overpopulation worldwide? you can say what you want about communism but in the German Democratic Republic … share. And there is only one way to do that: voluntarily and dramatically reducing births so that total numbers drift back down to a truly sustainable level. How does poverty affect overpopulation? Most of the lakes, streams, rivers and groundwater making up fresh water have been made unreachable or become too polluted. extinctions and loss of habitat, over-fishing and the decline of fish stocks, global warming. Overpopulation is a major cause of most of the world’s problems. At the other end of the spectrum, policies that encourage family … Please keep attention on this critical problem. What is the optimum number of human inhabitants worldwide that our natural … (9) Do you think the problem of overpopulation will become bigger or smaller? Effects of overpopulation. Overpopulation is a big evil for developing nations across the world, and it causes a lot of problems, both existential and financial. Instead of recommending cleanliness to the poor, we … We have to limit our population growth or nature will do it for us. An island once lush with diverse plant and animal species and fertile volcanic soil became nearly uninhabitable 1,300 years later. Now, it seems Sir David is turning his attention to the issue of overpopulation and the world should take note. Human overpopulation has been dominating planetary physical, chemical, and biological conditions and limits, with an annual absorption of 42% of the Earth’s terrestrial net primary productivity, 30% of its marine net primary productivity, 50% of its fresh water, 40% of its land devoted to human food production, up from 7% in 1700, 50% of its land mass being transformed for human use and … Has the planet simply had enough of people? Partly thanks to the import of goods from abroad, any particular country is able to maintain its own welfare. To ensure a comfortable life for themselves, people build factories, various power stations, plants, etc. Overpopulation is the root cause of all of mankind’s current problems – the 10 listed as well as others so serious that they could be separately categorized, e.g. In the video below, actor David Duchovny expresses his support for dog sterilization, stating, “Many countries that have no laws against cruelty to animals control stray dog populations by poisoning, hanging, throat … Overpopulation occurs when an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. Overpopulation results from an increased birth rate, decreased death rate, the immigration to a new ecological niche with fewer predators, or the sudden decline in available resources. Some authors distinguish absolute overpopulation (where the absolute limit of production has been attained but standards of living remain low) from relative overpopulation (where present … The increase in population leads to the emergence of a large number of unemployed people. According to the global outlook of water resources, these activities influenced by overpopulation have only left less than 1% of the planet’s freshwater readily accessible for human … 8 comments. Two hundred and twenty-six deer currently live on or near Binghamton University property, but the forest ecosystem can only sustain 15 to 20 deer. How could overpopulation in the world be solved? This is as consumerism is intimately linked with anthropocentrism, environmental destruction and global inequality Moreover, Islam can provide a … This is a clear indication of overpopulation in the country. Is that possible? Overpopulation Definition. 77% Upvoted. Most of the world’s current population would like a better quality of life. Jonathon Engels Send an email April 23, 2020. There are issues aplenty to overcome. In general, overpopulation is one of the reasons for gradual impoverishment of the … Here at The Overpopulation Project, we try to keep a positive outlook. (6) When did overpopulation start to be a problem?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9996235966682434}
{"content": "Bio/Press Kit\n\n“[The Bee Eaters] combine chamber music’s finely calibrated arrangements with bluegrass’s playful virtuosity and pop music’s melodic resourcefulness.”  The Boston Globe\n\n“The Bee Eaters are the instrumental cream of the brand new string nation.”\nDarol Anger\n\nEdgar Meyer  (GRAMMY winning composer/bassist/MacArthur Fellow)\n\n“…here come the Bee Eaters. …so tastefully arranged and so well played. They rescue the hammer dulcimer from all cliches, and bring the music forward to right here and now.”\nTim O’Brien\n\n\nBrother-sister duo Tristan and Tashina Clarridge (Crooked Still, Darol Anger, Grand National Fiddle Championships), are joined by hammer dulcimer wizard Simon Chrisman. Together, they weave a tapestry of sound all their own, drawing on roots in bluegrass, Celtic, jazz, Baroque, and old-time folk music traditions.\n\n\n“I believe every sound you listen to informs your ears, and therefore your musical perspective. We grew up hearing the sounds of nature, rather than the sounds of cities,” says Bee Eaters co-founder Tristan Clarridge. Perhaps it was their free lifestyle growing up in a tipi on the side of a mountain in a remote part of Northern California that influenced their musically explorative sound. Or the fact that Tristan and fellow co-founder and sister, Tashina, never went to a day of traditional school but began music lessons at age two, sometimes driving thousands of miles for music camps and lessons and spending much of their time exploring and learning on three week backpacking trips.\n\nThough their family did not have much money, Tristan will be the first one to tell you he feels lucky. And these experiences deeply influenced their approach to music. OddFellows Road seems an apt album title for a band breaking new ground with their own tightly woven approach that banjo great Tony Trischka called “bodaciously brilliant!”\n\nVenerable string masters Mike Marshall and Bruce Molsky lend their talents to this latest release, with Marshall playing mandolin and Molsky adding his voice to the group’s arrangement of Bruce Hornsby’s “The Way It Is”.  Revered Nashville sound engineer Dave Sinko captured the music with a delicate touch, bringing a pure and organic honesty to the Bee Eaters sound that matches their musical approach. The eleven-song set of group collaboration takes a focused view of those things in life that resonate with you through the years but perhaps don’t come into focus right away. The joys of traveling and contemplative nature of a visit to Alaska come out beautifully in “Petersburg Interlude” with a recollection of time spent on a fishing boat in the harbor, looking out through the fog and rain towards the mountains across the water. Or the rhythms and twisting melodies of “Gyrosmoke,” a tune written by one of their musical mentors, fellow stringband pioneer and fiddle guru, Darol Anger. The tune that is the namesake for the album, Oddfellows Road, as the band says, “incubated for years, unnamed and unyielding to our efforts to arrange and play it.” It was eventually named after the street that band principle Simon Chrisman grew up on, at the south end of Bainbridge Island.\n\nBrother-sister duo Tristan and Tashina Clarridge, long known and lauded by those steeped in the American fiddle tradition, are joined by hammer dulcimer wizard Simon Chrisman. Together, they weave a tapestry of sound all their own, drawing on roots in bluegrass, Celtic, jazz and old-time traditions. While today’s new breed often produces an amalgamation of sounds and styles based on a distant view, The Bee Eaters were raised embedded in these traditions… raised to mold, meld, shape them and carry them forward, leaving their own indelible marks in the process. With Tashina’s delicate fiddle and Tristan’s grounding cello wrapped around Simon’s ethereal dulcimer, they have created a never-before-heard sound in American music. No tricks. No pyrotechnics. Three instrumental voices, united in their musical exploration.\n\n\nSince their formation in 2008, The Bee Eaters have been on a trajectory of growth, both personal and musical. They have collaborated with Sean Watkins (GRAMMY winning guitarist/songwriter of Nickel Creek), bluegrass legend Laurie Lewis, Appalachian music master Bruce Molsky, singer Aoife O’Donovan (of Crooked Still renown), and dozens of others. Festival highlights include Wintergrass, and the 40th annual Indiana Fiddlers Gathering.\n\nThe Bee Eaters have collectively taught hundreds of lessons and workshops in communities, schools, and colleges such as the Berklee College of Music, the University of Victoria, Humboldt State University, and many others. Tashina and Tristan co-founded the Shasta Music Summit, now in its 15th year, which unites the highest level of musical masterminds with musicians of all ages and skill levels, for a series of workshops and all-star concerts exploring the connections between musical traditions of the world, in a holistic community environment. The Shasta Music Summit is revered by many as a powerful musical and social melting pot; young students and professional musicians come together to share, driven by a bold vision of strengthening the interwoven connectedness of music, community, and culture.\n\n\n\nYes, listen often.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7596925497055054}
{"content": "Weight-reduction plan For Your Well being\n\nProtected muscle building is a self-motivated exercise. While there is not a lot hard evidence to support that declare, it is true that many weight-loss plans fail in the long run. It's not sufficient for a mass gainer to be efficient, containing the best ingredients and produce absent of the incorrect ones also goes a long way. Setting an everyday sleep schedule and sticking to it could be one other important issue for profitable weight reduction , especially in case you're making an attempt to lose 10 kilos in a month. Calories are the building blocks of muscle but you should also be aware of each individual macronutrient and have a basic concept for the way much you're consuming. Whereas mass gainers are extra standard with males, ladies- too- have been recognized to make use of them to their advantage, especially feminine bodybuilders and fitness fanatics seeking to build their muscle power. Those with a lower muscle mass, reminiscent of children who have not accomplished their development or the elderly who could also be losing some muscle mass could have a decrease BMI. Endomorphs are the individuals with larger bone buildings and have larger physique mass and fats mass, think powerlifters or rugby players. Let's simply see how the entire concern works with the Mass Gainer Supplements. Whereas some people might experience better weight reduction in the first few weeks the GOLO weight reduction system is designed to reduce weight loss to 1 to 2 pounds per week to reduce muscle loss. Furthermore, modifications in bone mass and muscle power monitor together over the life span ( 47 ). Though it's debatable whether or not it's muscle power or just muscle mass that's vital in figuring out bone power and mass, it's important that skeletal muscle mass was correlated positively with bone mineral content and bone mineral density in MINOS (Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Examine), a potential examine of osteoporosis and its determinants in males ( 50 ). Men with the least skeletal muscle mass also had elevated dangers of falls resulting from impaired static and dynamic balance, presumably at least partially because of a decrease in muscle strength ( 50 ). My weight control food regimen for the week includes cooking a low calorie dinner for my friends, sneakily providing spiced, low-calorie fruit punch instead of gin and tonics earlier than the meal and sticking to at least one glass of white wine with my dinner. As such, you can save cash by studying what they should say before buying it. A muscle complement guide sometimes lets you know the optimistic and detrimental effects each product can have on your physique, too.\\n\\nThe findings suggest that intestine micro organism may maintain the correct amount of skeletal muscle mass and its function in mice. For both men and women, protein, both whey or rice, is the simplest and essential supplement for building muscle. When planning to add more weight, note that it is healthy to pack on lean muscle mass than merely body fats. Nevertheless, the information supplied by MRI volume research point out that not all crewmembers, despite utilization of varied train countermeasures, escape the loss in muscle mass that has been documented during many of the historical past of U.S. human spaceflight since Project Mercury. These are just some of the many research which have been down, displaying not solely the effectiveness of SARMs at helping users building muscle and shedding fats but also their safety. If you are completely stressed or sleep disadvantaged then take care or that problem first (see weight reduction tip #eleven ) or fasting could also be too demanding to your body. Build a better physique that makes different folks need to appear like YOU. That is the building a part of the muscles and is a major complement to get. The absence of a direct relation between muscle mass and power has been shown in a variety of studies ( sixty three ). As described above, solely in severe circumstances of cachexia or sarcopenia does loss of muscle mass, per se, immediately have an effect on well being. It's also notably high-calorie - 2,600 energy in a serving - sot it is good for individuals who have hassle gaining weight. Mountain climbers are a terrific complete body exercise. Often, exercising weights acquire loads of hoopla in poking folks and guaranteeing exceptional outcomes akin to burning off high fat energy. Compared to pathogen-free mouse skeletal muscle, germ-free mouse skeletal muscle showed atrophy, decreased expression of insulin-like growth issue 1, and decreased transcription of genes associated with skeletal muscle development and mitochondrial http://odchudzanka.pl/abidexin/\n\nПриобрести Weight-reduction plan For Your Well being\nArray ×\n\nДругие подарки\n\nWeight Loss\nMost people could not tell if they do bodybuilding or energy training. The literature additionally constantly experiences that low muscle mass and strength are related to diminished bone parameters throughout growth, growing the danger of...\nбанк «Открытие» представляет кредитки «Лукойл»\nВ этом обзоре мы попытаемся дать ответ, в какую компанию и в каких конкретных случаях лучше обращаться и есть ли МФО, которые подходят сразу по нескольким критериям? Займ онлайн санкт петербург Рассмотрение вашей анкеты происходит очень быстро. В...\nШиномонтаж в Санкт-Петербурге\nСеть шиномонтажных мастерских Шиномонтаж OKTYRE предлагает услуги шиномонтажа и обслуживания автокондиционеров в Санкт-Петербурге. Шиномонтаж рядом в районе СПб цена c Гарантией выполненных работ.https://oktyre.ru/\nНужно уточнить информацию касательно номера? Переходите на сервис\nВ наше время довольно тяжело жить не используя мобильный телефон. Множество функций значительно упрощает повседневные задачи. Однако главная задача любого смартфона - звонки. Вот тут есть сложность, ее решить не могут. Естественно пойдет речь про...", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8053370118141174}
{"content": "\n\nThere are three parts to solving your pain:\n\nIntroduction to Chronic Pain\n\nPain impulses begin with stimulation of pain receptors and are sent to the brain through peripheral nerves, then the spinal cord and finally your brain will unscramble the signals and determine the location and severity of the pain. A substance called myelin is laid down with repetition that etches in pain circuits. The process is similar to an athlete or musician learning a skill. However the frequency of chronic pain impulses is more like a machine gun. Pain circuits become deeply embedded in the nervous system within six to twelve months. Similar to knowing how to ride a bicycle they are permanent.\n\n\n\nTrapped by Pain\n\n\n\nAnxiety is a neurological response to a threat and is not a psychological issue. It is a neurochemical reflex that sets off an automatic protective response. So similar to pain circuits, anxiety pathways are also permanently etched in and become stronger with repetition. That is why every human experiences increasing anxiety with age unless they learn to process it. If they do not, then their body will adversely respond with other physical responses. There are over 30 different symptoms that may occur. There is no exception. It is just a matter of degree.\n\n\n\nNeurophysiological Pain Disorder – Back in Control Radio\n\nThe Solution\n\nHealing occurs around the following sequence:\n\n  • Awareness\n  • Hope\n  • Forgiveness\n  • Play\n\nYou may think that this does make any sense. Where is the medical terminology? You will learn that all of these concepts predictably affect the body chemistry and directly alter the function of each and all of the organ systems. That is why so many different symptoms are possible. The Stages are the action plan of Back in Control and will guide you along your healing journey. The process is largely self-directed, so much of your care can be in partnership with your primary physician.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9694672226905823}
{"content": "What Is The Sarcolemma Of Muscle Cells?\n\nWhat is the Sarcoplasm of a muscle cell?\n\nSarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle fibre.\n\nIt is a water solution containing ATP and phosphagens, as well as the enzymes and intermediate and product molecules involved in many metabolic reactions.\n\nThe most abundant metal in the sarcoplasm is potassium..\n\nWhat are the three types of muscles?\n\nThere are about 600 muscles in the human body. The three main types of muscle include skeletal, smooth and cardiac.\n\nWhat is a muscle made of?\n\nMuscles and Joints. Tendons are bands of fibrous tissue that connect muscles to bones. Muscles are all made of the same material, a type of elastic tissue (sort of like the material in a rubber band). Thousands, or even tens of thousands, of small fibers make up each muscle.\n\nIs ATP needed for muscle contraction?\n\nATP is critical for muscle contractions because it breaks the myosin-actin cross-bridge, freeing the myosin for the next contraction.\n\nWhat is Sarcolemma in muscle?\n\nDefinition. The sarcolemma is a specialized membrane which surrounds striated muscle fiber cells.\n\nWhat is the covering of muscle?\n\nepimysiumAn individual skeletal muscle may be made up of hundreds, or even thousands, of muscle fibers bundled together and wrapped in a connective tissue covering. Each muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the epimysium. Fascia, connective tissue outside the epimysium, surrounds and separates the muscles.\n\nWhich statement is correct for muscle contraction?\n\nDuring muscle contractions, actin filaments slide over myosin filaments resulting in shortening of a sarcomere. So the correct answer is ‘Length of A− band remains constant’.\n\nWhat are the three main categories of muscle fibers?\n\nThe three types of muscle fiber are slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO) and fast glycolytic (FG). SO fibers use aerobic metabolism to produce low power contractions over long periods and are slow to fatigue.\n\nWhat is Sarcolemma and Sarcoplasm?\n\nsarcoplasm: The cytoplasm of a myocyte. … sarcolemma: The cell membrane of a myocyte. sarcomere: The functional contractile unit of the myofibril of a striated muscle.\n\nWhat is the role of Sarcolemma in muscle contraction?\n\nThe sarcolemma generally maintains the same function in muscle cells as the plasma membrane does in other eukaryote cells. It acts as a barrier between the extracellular and intracellular compartments, defining the individual muscle fiber from its surroundings.\n\nWhat is a muscle cell called?\n\nA myocyte (also known as a muscle cell) is the type of cell found in some types of muscle tissue. Myocytes develop from myoblasts to form muscles in a process known as myogenesis.\n\nWhich cells contain Sarcoplasm?\n\nSarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a myocyte (muscle fiber, muscle cell). It is comparable to the cytoplasm of other cells, but it contains unusually large amounts of glycosomes (granules of stored glycogen) and significant amounts of myoglobin, an oxygen-binding protein.\n\nWhat is the difference between Sarcolemma and Endomysium?\n\nThe sarcolemma is the cell (plasma) membrane of the muscle fiber itself. The endomysium is a thin sleeve of fibrous connective tissue over the muscle fiber. … The sarcolemma is the cell (plasma) membrane of the muscle fiber itself. The endomysium is a thin sleeve of fibrous connective tissue over the muscle fiber.\n\nWhat are the steps of muscle contraction?\n\nThe process of muscular contraction occurs over a number of key steps, including:Depolarisation and calcium ion release.Actin and myosin cross-bridge formation.Sliding mechanism of actin and myosin filaments.Sarcomere shortening (muscle contraction)\n\nWhat is muscle membrane and why is it important?\n\nNormal muscles have the nuclei arranged around the periphery of the cells. The muscle cell membrane is called the sarcolemma and the cytoplasm, the sarcoplasm. The sarcolemma has the property of excitability and can conduct the electrical impulses that occur during depolarization.\n\nWhat is the sarcomere?\n\nThe sarcomere is the basic contractile unit for both striated and cardiac muscle and is made up of a complex mesh of thick filaments, thin filaments, and a giant protein titin.\n\nWhich muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate?\n\nSkeletal muscles have some ability to regenerate and form new muscle tissue, while cardiac muscle cells do not regenerate. However, new research suggests that cardiac stem cells may be coaxed into regenerating cardiac muscles with new medical strategies. Smooth muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate.\n\nIs Sarcolemma present in smooth muscle?\n\nSmooth muscle fibers have a limited calcium-storing SR but have calcium channels in the sarcolemma (similar to cardiac muscle fibers) that open during the action potential along the sarcolemma. … However, a low concentration of calcium remains in the sarcoplasm to maintain muscle tone.\n\nWhat does Myofibril mean?\n\n\nWhat is the main function of smooth muscle?\n\nThe primary function of smooth muscle is contraction. Smooth muscle consists of two types: single-unit and multi-unit. Single-unit smooth muscle consists of multiple cells connected through connexins that can become stimulated in a synchronous pattern from only one synaptic input.\n\nWhere is Sarcolemma found in the body?\n\nThe sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell and is surrounded by basement membrane and endomysial connective tissue. The sarcolemma is an excitable membrane and shares many properties with the neuronal cell membrane.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9947477579116821}
{"content": "June 17, 2019 /\nJona Elwell\n\nMedicinal Trees\n\nHumans have been harvesting and using trees for medicinal use for millennia. While we have advanced our medical knowledge and understanding greatly, properties of trees continue to be cultivated and prized for generations. To this day medicine from trees, extracted from the wood, bark, roots, leaves, flowers, fruits or seeds is fundamental to the well-being of millions of people. Where access to modern pharmaceuticals is limited, trees offer living pharmacies open to anyone with traditional knowledge on their medicinal properties. The beauty of this is that you probably already know medicinal trees *and* they probably already grow near where you live! You can get some of these and others not mentioned here added to yard (for free! through our residential programs). Check out the full list of trees to add beauty, shade, and maybe even harvestable resources to your property! This goes without saying, but please do not start a medical regime without consulting your doctor.\n\nGinkgo (Ginkgo biloba)\nThe ginkgo tree is known for a lot of things – its fan-shaped leaves, its status as a ‘living fossil’, the unfortunate smell of the fruit that female trees produce and subsequently shed, and its ability to withstand harsh urban conditions like soil compaction, pests, disease, salt, wind, cold and drought. Let’s not forget another remarkable feature of the Ginkgo, it’s medicinal properties – the leaves and seeds can be used to ease symptoms of everything from memory loss to dietary problems to asthma – and they can be a nutritious food in moderation.\n\nHawthorn (Crataegus sp.)\nHawthorn has much lore and a variety of historical uses. The traditional Mayday festival of Northern Europe was, in some places, said to fall on the day the Hawthorns bloomed, May 1. Hawthorn fruits also called “haws”, have also been used traditionally to make jams and jellies. Hawthorn is also prevalent in folk medicine and has been used to counteract high blood pressure, heart failure, and chest pain. Unlike many folk remedies, these effects have recently been substantiated by conventional medical research and marketing of hawthorn extract has followed.\n\nSassafras (Sassafras albidum)\nThe sassafras trees does the most: it’s known for its aromatic smell, brilliant fall foliage, three unique leaf types, and lengthy use in food and medicine. There is a well-documented history of Native Americans and colonists utilizing sassafras as a medicinal and culinary addition, and a Spanish physician in 1574 even announced that sassafras was a cure for almost every human ailment! While that may not be the case, its roots and bark were commonly used to create a root beer like tonic and tea from its leaves were touted to treat everything from skin sores to bronchitis to hypertension. You may see sassafras these days as file powder – a key ingredient in Louisiana Creole cuisine, specifically gumbo.\n\nSourwood (Oxydendrum arboretum)\nThe sweet nectar and sap of the sourwood led to early colonists and Native Americans utilizing it for a variety of things. It was used as a tonic, decoction, and even as a gum; medicinal uses include treating urinary problems, prostate conditions, diarrhea, dysentery, and many other symptoms. The Oxydendrum arboretum is a little less adaptable to its environment than other urban trees as it is generally intolerant of heavy shade, as well as high soil alkalinity and salinity. It prefers moist, well-drained soils with a balanced pH level that are not compacted. On the other hand, although it attracts some nuisance pests, the sourwood is very easy to care for and has no known major diseases, which is a plus for homeowners.\n\nWitch Hazel (Hamamelis spp.)\nIts common name alone invokes an image of magic and cauldrons bubbling full of medicinal potions. Introduced to the U.S. in 1736, witch hazel is a small understory tree with a cult following for the astringent extract collected from its leaves and bark that is said to ease inflammation and soothe sensitive skin. We also love the welcome shock of color as it blooms bright yellow in late February and March.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8174466490745544}
{"content": "Christian Nicholas Rosenkrantz Stadil (born 1971) is the owner of THORNICO, a conglomerate he founded together with his father Thor Stadil in the 1990s. THORNICO consists of more than 150 companies operating within a wide range of sectors: food, food technology, packaging, sport & fashion, shipping, real estate and venture as well as former seed-capital investor in the Danish version of Dragon’s Den/ Shark Tank. He is also a member of the board of directors, advisory board and/or co-founder, as well as he is a seed investor in many different companies such as MÄT, Tattoodo, ALLUNITE, ISTID, Woomio, EarLabs, My Best Book, IndieFrame, KreaKassen, Libertine-Libertine, Trendsales, MySelfie, etc.\n\nHe has been a part of several think tanks, counsels and commissions and is currently amongst others deputy chairman of DBU’s (Danish Soccer Association) women’s soccer commission. Furthermore, Christian Stadil is a former adjunct professor at Copenhagen Business School in creative leadership.\n\nHe is primarily known for his successful work with the sports brand hummel, which he took ownership of in 1999. hummel has since become a brand renowned for applying its roots in the world of sports to projects in some of the world’s hotspots such as Afghanistan and Sierra Leone with a promise and a why to Change the World through Sport.\n\nFurthermore, he is the creator of the business philosophy ‘Company Karma’: his innovation of the traditional ways into CSR, branding and human resource management, where Christian Stadil is applying a hard karma concept as an instrumental part of his company culture: that everything has consequences and will eventually come back to you. Company Karma is also based on a quadruple win based on the notion ‘of doing good while doing business’.\n\nChristian Stadil has several books behind him. Most recently, ’In the Shower with Picasso’ written together with a professor in creativity, Lene Tanggaard. Together they investigate how creative minds are working with their creativity, and how they can translate this into the corporate sphere. \n\nWith veneration for the nerdy and quirky, he is passionate about and driven by the intersections between art, culture, design and the corporate world.\n\nA continuous emphasis on interdependence characterises his work; hence he is known to break down silos and to insist on finding the possibilities on the edge of the box. \n\nIn his private life, Christian Stadil is married to Alice Rosenkrantz Stadil, father of four, experienced mountain climber, martial artist, literature nerd and art collector.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8431395292282104}
{"content": "Connect with us\n\n\nFHF Foundation: Funmilayo Waheed hosts valentine hangout for students, Debbie Rise performs\n\n\n\nOn a day to celebrate love, many young men and women gathered at a corner of Alausa in Ikeja, Lagos. They were invited for a purpose; to meet their mentor and helper who has given them hope and lifelines in the midst of intractable challenges. She had urged them to: “bring your boyfriends and girlfriends along”.\n\nIt was a memorable day for many undergraduates, graduates and people who came to really confirm whether information about the founder of Funmi Ayinke Humanity Foundation, Engineer Funmilayo Waheed was true.\n\nPrior to the event, many read and or heard about her philanthropic activities. Majority of those who had benefited never met her in person. So when the Valentine Hangout came, they saw it as an opportunity to personally meet and hear from the person who has touched many lives and has continued to help the indigent.\n\nIt was a gathering where tears flowed freely; from the elderly, young and steel-hearted. Yes, they were tears of joy from people who never thought help could come, people who needed just a little to make life more meaningful and Funmilayo Waheed rose to their rescue. People attended the event from different parts of Nigeria.\n\nThe National Association of Nigerian Students (NANS) sent in a powerful delegation to honour her as their patron. The student leaders reeled out Funmi’s interventions on behalf beneficiaries – in primary, secondary and tertiary schools – who ordinarily would have dropped out of school. Their chronicle of her achievements was so long that the Masters of Ceremonies had to interject.\n\nIn her welcome address, young and pretty Engineer Funmilayo Ayinke Waheed, in company of her Engineering Professor husband, a former DVC of FUNAAB, was all smiles as she went down memory lane to explain why she started the FunmiAyinke Humanity Foundation.\n\nShe gave details of how far she had gone and showed videos of what has done for widows as well as single mothers in Ogun State. Funmi, who narrated how FHF Foundation has been catering for students at all levels, thanked donors and Nigerians for the display of love and appreciation to her course.\n\nFor those who heard of the Foundation’s activities for the first time, Funmi explained that the reason they were asked to fill forms at the point of entry into the venue was to collect their data and see how FHF Foundation could help them.\n\nDr Bola Adekola, the Registrar of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, gave a lecture titled ‘Charting your own Course and Destiny’. It was a moving lecture which shared his own story of how he became an orphan at age 6. He lost one of his parents at age 4, and the second two years later on the day he returned from school with his result. Undaunted, the Registrar today he holds a PhD and occupy an enviable position in the society.\n\nThen came the awards and appreciation. Many of the young and old who came with gifts for the humanitarian shed tears as they gave testimonials on how they initially doubted that help could ever come from someone who didn’t know or never met them. They showered their benefactor with paintings, cake, roses, and various other gift items.\n\nAlthough some others could not share their experience due to time constraints, all in attendance were amazed by Funmilayo Waheed’s humility as she danced and shared jokes with the FHF family and guests.\n\nA major highlight was the electrifying performance by former BBNAIJA star, Debbie Rise. The guitarist’s performance left the crowd asking for more. Her renditions appealed to both the elderly and the youths. There were other performances by members of the FHF family.\n\nIn a private chat with her husband, it was observed that it is one thing to have a husband, it is another to have one who supports unconditionally as you pursue your dream. Professor Waheed Adekojo was there to fully support his wife. He couldn’t hide emotions as people appreciated how his family has touched their lives, given them hope in a society where hopelessness pervades every sector and homes. Undoubtedly, he left with a feeling of satisfaction that his decisions about his wife and FHF were right after all.\n\nFHF Foundation can be reached via:\n07032709295, 09086404955\nEmail: [email protected]", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8581979870796204}
{"content": "Do You Have To Have An ID To Board A Plane?\n\nCan I fly with just my passport?\n\nThe U.S.\n\npassport book and U.S.\n\n\nThe passport card cannot be used for international air travel, but it is still a great ID to have in your wallet.\n\nTSA accepts the passport card as ID for domestic flights..\n\nCan you fly with a paper ID 2020?\n\nSo, based on this statement, YES, you can use a temporary paper license, as long as the document has been officially issued by the rightful agency and contains your photo. But then again, it is still subject to additional confirmation of your identity by the TSA agent. Read more: Can I Fly with an Expired License?\n\nHow does TSA verify identity without ID?\n\nNot so fast! The TSA has a procedure for jet-lagged, vulnerable passengers that show up to the airport without an ID. It involves secondary forms of identification, TSA’s ID Verification Call Center (IVCC), and additional security measures that help the TSA confirm that you are, in fact, you.\n\nCan you get on a plane without an ID?\n\nIn the event you arrive at the airport without valid identification, because it is lost or at home, you may still be allowed to fly. … TSA recommends that you arrive at least two hours in advance of your flight time. If your identity cannot be verified, you will not be allowed to enter the screening checkpoint.\n\nWhat ID do you need to board an airplane?\n\n\nWhat photo ID is acceptable for domestic flights?\n\n\nCan I fly with a picture of my ID?\n\nState Issued ID State identification cards include driver’s licenses, state photo IDs or enhanced driver’s licenses. These forms of identification must include a photograph and be current. … These forms of identification are sufficient for air travel within the United States.\n\nCan I use a birth certificate to fly?\n\nWhat identification is needed for a child to fly alone? If your child is traveling alone, they may be required to bring a photo ID, depending on the airline. … You can use a birth certificate here, and you should expect to be asked to show your own photo ID at the gate.\n\nCan you fly domestically without a passport?\n\n\nCan you board a plane with a expired ID?\n\nOnce your information is compared and your identity is verified, you will be allowed to continue through the security checkpoint. If you’re traveling with an expired license or passport you may still be able to fly. Acceptable forms of ID cannot be more than 12 months past the identified expiration date.\n\nCan you board a plane with a school ID?\n\n\nHow can I fly without ID 2020?\n\n\nDo adults need a birth certificate to fly?\n\nPolicies can vary by air carrier, but in general, for domestic flights, they do not require identification for minors or adults beyond those specified by the TSA. In other words, children do not need additional ID. … In those cases, the airline may demand proof of the child’s age such as a birth certificate or passport.\n\nIs birth certificate required for domestic flights?\n\nChildren above the age of seven 7 days and under the age of two 2 years, as on the date of travel, can travel as Infants. … Valid ID proof for Infants: Birth Certificate.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8655548691749573}
{"content": "The Role of Snow Timing in Permafrost Degradation\n\nReliable projections of air temperature and total snowfall may not be sufficient to understand permafrost degradation.\n\nSnapshot of the annual average ground temperature in four scenarios. When snowfall arrives early in the winter, permafrost degrades.\n[Image Credit: Image courtesy of Ahmad Jan.]\n\nThe Science\n\nPredicting how permafrost soil changes when climate changes is not an easy task. NGEE-Arctic researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have used computer models to design experiments to study how snow accumulation timing can expose previously stored frozen organic carbon to microbial decomposition.\n\nThe Impact\n\nPermafrost-affected regions store a huge amount of frozen organic carbon. The fate of the stored organic carbon depends on the thermal stability of those regions. This study shows that the timing of snow accumulation, with stable air temperatures and snow magnitude, can significantly impact permafrost degradation. Thereby, snowfall timing has the potential to accelerate the release of stored carbon to the atmosphere and permafrost thermal hydrology.\n\n\nComputer models allow the design of experiments in a well-controlled environment, an  impossibility in observational and manipulated experiments in field studies. In this work, snow manipulation numerical experiments using fully coupled process-based integrated surface/subsurface thermal hydrology models show that even small shifts in the timing of snow accumulation can significantly affect permafrost degradation. In the study’s numerical scenarios, simulations were forced by the same meteorological data, except the snow precipitation, which was systematically altered to change timing of snowfall. The scenarios represent subtle shifts in snow timing, but the snow onset/melt days, the end of winter snowpack depth, and the total annual snow precipitation are the same in all scenarios. The simulations show that subtle shifts in the timing of snowfall can affect the active layer and even lead to talik formation when snowfall arrives earlier in the winter. The team found that the shifts in snow timing have a stronger impact on wetter regions as compared to drained regions. This study highlights the importance of understanding potential changes in winter precipitation patterns for reliable projections of active-layer thickness in a changing Arctic environment.\n\nPrincipal Investigator\n\nAhmad Jan\nOak Ridge National Laboratory\n\nProgram Manager\n\nDaniel Stover\nEnvironmental System Science\n\n\nThis work was supported by the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE) –Arctic project.\n\n\nJan, A., and Painter, S. L.. \"Permafrost thermal conditions are sensitive to shifts in snow timing\". Environmental Research Letters 15 084026  (2020).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9770669937133789}
{"content": "Circle Explained\n\n\n\n\nA circle may also be defined as a special kind of ellipse in which the two foci are coincident and the eccentricity is 0, or the two-dimensional shape enclosing the most area per unit perimeter squared, using calculus of variations.\n\nTopological definition\n\nIn the field of topology, a circle isn't limited to the geometric concept, but to all of its homeomorphisms. Two topological circles are equivalent if one can be transformed into the other via a deformation of R3 upon itself (known as an ambient isotopy).\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSome highlights in the history of the circle are:\n\nAnalytic results\n\nLength of circumference\n\nThe ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter is (pi), an irrational constant approximately equal to 3.141592654. Thus the length of the circumference C is related to the radius r and diameter d by:\n\n\nArea enclosed\n\nSee main article: article and Area of a circle. As proved by Archimedes, in his Measurement of a Circle, the area enclosed by a circle is equal to that of a triangle whose base has the length of the circle's circumference and whose height equals the circle's radius, which comes to multiplied by the radius squared:\n\n\nEquivalently, denoting diameter by d,\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCartesian coordinates\n\nEquation of a circle\n\n\n\n\nParametric form\n\n\n\nwhere t is a parametric variable in the range 0 to 2, interpreted geometrically as the angle that the ray from (ab) to (xy) makes with the positive x-axis.\n\nAn alternative parametrisation of the circle is:\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn this parameterisation, the ratio of t to r can be interpreted geometrically as the stereographic projection of the line passing through the centre parallel to the x-axis (see Tangent half-angle substitution). However, this parameterisation works only if t is made to range not only through all reals but also to a point at infinity; otherwise, the leftmost point of the circle would be omitted.\n\nThe equation of the circle determined by three points\n\n\nnot on a line is obtained by a conversion of the 3-point-form of a circle's equation\n\n1)({\\color{green}x}-x2)+({\\color{red}y}-y1)({\\color{red}y}-y2)} {({\\color{red}y}-y1)({\\color{green}x}-x2)-({\\color{red}y}-y2)({\\color{green}x}-x1)}=\n\n\n\nHomogeneous form\n\n\n\nPolar coordinates\n\nIn polar coordinates, the equation of a circle is:\n\n\n\n\nwhere a is the radius of the circle,\n\n\nis the polar coordinate of a generic point on the circle, and\n\n\nis the polar coordinate of the centre of the circle (i.e., r0 is the distance from the origin to the centre of the circle, and φ is the anticlockwise angle from the positive x-axis to the line connecting the origin to the centre of the circle). For a circle centred on the origin, i.e. r0 = 0, this reduces to simply . When, or when the origin lies on the circle, the equation becomes\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nComplex plane\n\n\n\n\nIn parametric form, this can be written:\n\n\n\nThe slightly generalised equation\n\n\n\n\n, since\n\n\n\nTangent lines\n\nSee main article: article and Tangent lines to circles. The tangent line through a point P on the circle is perpendicular to the diameter passing through P. If and the circle has centre (a, b) and radius r, then the tangent line is perpendicular to the line from (a, b) to (x1, y1), so it has the form . Evaluating at (x1, y1) determines the value of c and the result is that the equation of the tangent is\n\n\n\n\nIf then the slope of this line is\n\n\n\n\n\nThis can also be found using implicit differentiation.\n\nWhen the centre of the circle is at the origin then the equation of the tangent line becomes\n\n\nand its slope is\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSee also: Power of a point.\n\n\n\n\n). That is,\n\n\nwhere O is the centre of the circle. (Secant-secant theorem.)\n\nInscribed angles\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAnother proof of this result, which relies only on two chord properties given above, is as follows. Given a chord of length y and with sagitta of length x, since the sagitta intersects the midpoint of the chord, we know it is part of a diameter of the circle. Since the diameter is twice the radius, the \"missing\" part of the diameter is in length. Using the fact that one part of one chord times the other part is equal to the same product taken along a chord intersecting the first chord, we find that (. Solving for r, we find the required result.\n\nCompass and straightedge constructions\n\n\n\nConstruction with given diameter\n\nConstruction through three noncollinear points\n\nCircle of Apollonius\n\nSee also: Circles of Apollonius.\n\nApollonius of Perga showed that a circle may also be defined as the set of points in a plane having a constant ratio (other than 1) of distances to two fixed foci, A and B.[9] [10] (The set of points where the distances are equal is the perpendicular bisector of segment AB, a line.) That circle is sometimes said to be drawn about two points.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAnalogously, a line segment PD through some point D on AB extended bisects the corresponding exterior angle BPQ where Q is on AP extended. Since the interior and exterior angles sum to 180 degrees, the angle CPD is exactly 90 degrees, i.e., a right angle. The set of points P such that angle CPD is a right angle forms a circle, of which CD is a diameter.\n\nSecond, see[11] for a proof that every point on the indicated circle satisfies the given ratio.\n\n\n\n\nStated another way, P is a point on the circle of Apollonius if and only if the cross-ratio [''A'',''B'';''C'',''P''] is on the unit circle in the complex plane.\n\nGeneralised circles\n\nSee also: Generalised circle. If C is the midpoint of the segment AB, then the collection of points P satisfying the Apollonius condition\n\n\n\n\nis not a circle, but rather a line.\n\n\nInscription in or circumscription about other figures\n\n\n\nA tangential polygon, such as a tangential quadrilateral, is any convex polygon within which a circle can be inscribed that is tangent to each side of the polygon.[14] Every regular polygon and every triangle is a tangential polygon.\n\n\n\nLimiting case of other figures\n\n\n\n\n\n\nfor positive a, b, and n. A supercircle has . A circle is the special case of a supercircle in which .\n\nIn other p-norms\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn Euclidean geometry, p = 2, giving the familiar\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nin Cartesian coordinates and\n\n\n\nin polar coordinates.\n\n\n\nSquaring the circle\n\nSee main article: Squaring the circle.\n\n\nIn 1882, the task was proven to be impossible, as a consequence of the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem, which proves that pi is a transcendental number, rather than an algebraic irrational number; that is, it is not the root of any polynomial with rational coefficients.\n\nSignificance in art and symbolism\n\nFrom the time of the earliest known civilisations – such as the Assyrians and ancient Egyptians, those in the Indus Valley and along the Yellow River in China, and the Western civilisations of ancient Greece and Rome during classical Antiquity – the circle has been used directly or indirectly in visual art to convey the artist’s message and to express certain ideas.However, differences in worldview (beliefs and culture) had a great impact on artists’ perceptions. While some emphasised the circle’s perimeter to demonstrate their democratic manifestation, others focused on its centre to symbolise the concept of cosmic unity. In mystical doctrines, the circle mainly symbolises the infinite and cyclical nature of existence, but in religious traditions it represents heavenly bodies and divine spirits.The circle signifies many sacred and spiritual concepts, including unity, infinity, wholeness, the universe, divinity, balance, stability and perfection, among others. Such concepts have been conveyed in cultures worldwide through the use of symbols, for example, a compass, a halo, the vesica piscis and its derivatives (fish, eye, aureole, mandorla, etc.), the ouroboros, the Dharma wheel, a rainbow, mandalas, rose windows and so forth. [15]\n\nSee also\n\nSpecially named circles\n\nOf a triangle\n\nOf certain quadrilaterals\n\nOf certain polygons\n\nOf a conic section\n\nOf a sphere\n\nOf a torus\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links\n\nNotes and References\n\n  1. krikos\n  2. [Arthur Koestler]\n  3. [Proclus]\n  4. Chronology for 30000 BC to 500 BC\n  5. Squaring the circle\n  7. College Mathematics Journal 29(4), September 1998, p. 331, problem 635.\n  8. Johnson, Roger A., Advanced Euclidean Geometry, Dover Publ., 2007.\n  9. Harkness, James . Introduction to the theory of analytic functions . Nature . 59 . 1530 . 1898 . 30 . 1899Natur..59..386B . 10.1038/059386a0 .\n  10. [C. Stanley Ogilvy|Ogilvy, C. Stanley]\n  11. Altshiller-Court, Nathan, College Geometry, Dover, 2007 (orig. 1952).\n  12. Incircle – from Wolfram MathWorld\n  13. Circumcircle – from Wolfram MathWorld\n  14. Tangential Polygon – from Wolfram MathWorld\n  15. Jean-François Charnier, \"The Circle from East to West\", The Louvre Abu Dhabi: A World Vision of Art, October 29, 2019", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9771432280540466}
{"content": "Running Backward Animation Issue\n\n\nIt seems it’s a known issue but I can’t find a Fix for it.\n\nWhen trying to set the Third person character with an attach camera and a use pawn control rotation, the animation glitch when running backward (a lot of interpolation show that the character does not go straight, trying to use the Jog right or left animation).\n\nCan’t find a solution for now, same issue in all my third person games,\n\nController Desired Rotation and Orient Rotation in character movement are uncheked, Root motion enabled for everything in the Anim BP.\n\nCan I lock the character Direction to -180 or 180 when running backward ?\n\nAny creative Idea is welcome.\n\nThanks a lot.\n\nThis issue is described by someone else there :\n\nStill no fix worked for me.\n\nBest regards;\n\nUgg… Can’t find a solution for this one anywhere. Recap: Third person, running backwards(hold ‘s’), locomotion blendspace using interpolation > 0, and you get jitters. For some reason running backwards doesn’t lock itself to 180 or -180, it bounces from back and forth between the two give or take a degree, and because interpolation is turned on you get the jitters. Us non-programmer types could really use some help with this.\n\nWhat’s your blendspace / animation blueprint look like? I had that issue and it was frustrating beyond belief. I can’t quite recall how I fixed it but maybe I can take a look at your setup and help you out.\n\nThis one time I had interpolation time set to 0.2 and it was causing more issues than it was solving when running backwards. Just a thought.\n\nFirst off yes it’s a common issue but it’s origin is with the intent of the design and not as to a solution to the jitter that is occurring as the final pose.\n\nThe main issue is when casting for the float values directly from the movement component the required value is not a fixed value as to the current state and can fluctuate but a large margin. If in your blend space the direction value for a backwards run take to be triggered is -180 is extrapolated from velocity the output from the blendspace can and usually does jump around based on the unstable value usually generated by the velocity as it interacts with world space.\n\nThis is where it’s know to be a common issue as a blendspace usually does not take into fact world iteration as to the need for a constant change base on direction.\n\nThe most common mistake is to mix to different control requirements for consoles, using joysticks and PC’s, using keyboard and mouse, and then triggering state changes based on speed.\n\nSpeed is only need where velocity as in a racing game for example is required so that the non-constant state of velocity can be changed but is of no help.\n\nWorking with Locomotion however does not benefit from non-stable values like velocity except to track if the player is moving or not as to a value to feed into a blendspace as to the intended output state.\n\nThis is where we get into design theory and why questions like this is not easy to answer as an issue it’s really easy to figure out what is causing the issue but not easy to answers as to the design intent.\n\nThe most direct answer to the problem, excluding design intent as well as the need for replication, is to directly feed a fixed value into the blendspace as to the intended output.\n\nThe most common control for Locomotion is the WASD keys which you can set up with any fixed value you wish in the input table.\n\nThey could be\n\n\nW =1\nS =-1\n\n\n\nYour blendspace axis would be set up as Forwards_Backwards in the vertical\nLeft_Right in the horizontal.\n\nWith this set up you will be feeding a fixed and absolute value as to the needed state change and not based on the almost at times random behavior of the movement component.\n\nThanks a lot for those answers, I now have internet and can try again.\n\nThanks for the time you took to reply, and sorry for the time I took to reply. :wink:\n\nBest regards,\n\nWould be able to provide how to do this? I can’t figure out how to get the WASD input read for the blendspace\n\nThe easiest and most reliable solution is to remove the blendspace for the back motion and isolate the backwards animation in a 2d blend with just the speed input and relative frames.\n\nYou just have your state machine govern the rules for transition to the back animation based on an angular range instead above 0 less then 10, above -170 less then -180 for instance.\nit works very much like the blendspace would, except you won’t have any angle issues when transitioning between 0 and -180 because the “backwards” state will remain active.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5147500038146973}
{"content": "History of Campus Demonstrations & Rallies\n\nA guide detailing historical events on the campus of Eastern Michigan University related to student protest and demonstrations\n\nCampus Demonstration records\n\nFor additional materials please review the Campus Demonstration records [04.CD]. The collection includes materials pertaining to the conflicts, protests, rallies, and movements at Eastern Michigan University. The bulk of the material is dated 1968 to 1970 and relates to race relations in the context of the Civil Rights movement, as well as anti-war/violence demonstrations in response to the conflict in Vietnam. Materials include correspondence, meeting minutes, clippings, pamphlets, and newsletters. Link to the collection finding aid here: http://goo.gl/WfDPBq\n\n\n        The United States officially entered into the war in Vietnam in 1965, when President Johnson signing the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. From the beginning there was widespread opposition from American citizens about entering into the war. While fear of communism was strong, the Korean War was still in the American citizens’ minds. Many oppositions rose from the Vietnam War being the first “television war” or the first “living room war.”  For the first time footage of the war was being broadcast into the homes of American television viewers. While most of the footage was deemed “family-friendly” and was not particularly graphic, it did give Americans a glimpse into what was happening in a way they would not have otherwise seen. Most of the opposition and protest of the war in Vietnam came from America’s youth.\n\n       The sixties and seventies were all about social progress and cultural change and it was the youth of America making the change. The youth in America had more power than ever before and they used it.  Peace, love, and freedom are the trademarks of the era and the Anti-Vietnam war protests that took place are perfect examples of this attitude. College students in particular had a lot to say about President Johnson’s and President Nixon’s policies concerning Vietnam and used their First Amendment rights to show their dissent. The students at Eastern Michigan University (EMU) were no exception: sit-ins, marches, strikes, rallies, guest speakers, underground newspapers, campus organizations, and other forms of protest were all methods in which EMU students and the nation used to showed their dissent with the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.\n\nProject Credit\n\nThe History of Campus Demonstrations guide was created by Aleesa Wright as part of her course work for HIST489L4.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9897837042808533}
{"content": "My Cart\n\n\nMcCall's pattern 8050 Unlined Vests In Two Lengths\n\nM8050 A\n\nMcCalls Sewing pattern Easy fitting unlined vests have optional back ties and slits, button, pocket and length variations. A: Patch pockets. A, B, C, F, G: Side slits. E: Welt. #JessieMcCalls - Share your makes & tag us on social with the hashtag for this style.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9086860418319702}
{"content": "Question: Is Weight Gain A Side Effect Of Abilify?\n\nDoes Abilify affect you sexually?\n\nClinical Points Adjunctive aripiprazole is associated with modest beneficial effects on sexual functioning in some patients, especially women..\n\nWhat is the best antidepressant for weight loss?\n\n\nDoes Abilify cause weight gain?\n\n\nDoes Abilify make you hungry?\n\nAtypical antipsychotics may boost your appetite or change how your body uses energy. This may lead to weight gain. Sometimes, these drugs can raise your blood sugar or cholesterol levels. That can make it more likely that you’ll have diabetes and heart disease.\n\nWhat can you not take with Abilify?\n\nThe following medications may increase the levels and effects of aripiprazole:The antibiotic clarithromycin (Biaxin®)Antidepressants, such as fluoxetine (Prozac®), paroxetine (Paxil®), and nefazodone.Antifungals, such as fluconazole (Diflucan®), ketoconazole (Nizoral®), and itraconazole (Sporanox®)More items…\n\nWhat does Abilify do to a normal person?\n\n\nDoes 5mg Abilify cause weight gain?\n\nIn clinical trials of adolescent patients with bipolar mania, aripiprazole has been shown to be associated with weight gain after 4 weeks of treatment.\n\nHow long does 5mg Abilify stay in your system?\n\n\nCan you lose weight while on antipsychotics?\n\nVarious interventions can help and a psychiatrist will be able to offer advice on these. Many people taking antipsychotics can lose some weight with simple changes to their diet and lifestyle. Losing even a small amount of weight can have important health benefits.\n\nWhat is the most common side effect of Abilify?\n\n\nIs 10mg of Abilify a lot?\n\n\nDoes Abilify make you feel high?\n\nAmong the resulting side effects are euphoria, increased orgasmic activity and pathological addictions that include compulsive gambling, shopping, binge eating and sexual behavior. While full dopamine agonists bind to the complete range of receptors, Abilify – a “partial” agonist – binds only to certain receptors.\n\nHow does Abilify make u feel?\n\nAripiprazole may make you feel very sleepy but may also make it hard to get to sleep. Sleepiness has been shown to affect young people more than adults. See how it affects you for the first few days of taking it.\n\nDoes Abilify calm you down?\n\n\nShould I take Abilify at night or in the morning?\n\nAn increased suicidality risk was not demonstrated with antidepressants compared with placebo in adults older than 24 years of age should abilify be taken in the morning or at night a reduced risk was observed in adults 65 years of age or older.\n\nCan you stop Abilify cold turkey?\n\nAlthough this medication is not classified as addictive, your body may become used to having this drug in its system. As such, you should not stop taking this prescribed medication abruptly; see your doctor before reducing or discontinuing Abilify.\n\nCan Abilify worsen depression?\n\nAnyone who takes Abilify may be monitored by their doctor for new or worsening depression and suicidal thoughts or behaviors. If you’re taking Abilify, your doctor may also recommend that your family members also watch for any changes in your mood.\n\nHow much weight do you gain on Abilify?\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8187467455863953}
{"content": "Science - May 13, 2020\n\nCompound in basil, fennel and aniseed harms DNA\n\nTessa Louwerens\n\nEstragole, a compound that is found naturally in various herbs and spices, including basil, star anise and fennel, can damage DNA.\n\n© Shutterstock\n\nThis could possibly lead to cancer, according to PhD candidate Shuo Yang in the Toxicology group. ‘Previous studies showed that estragole can cause tumours in rodents,’ says Yang.  ‘It has been banned since then as a food additive but it is still found naturally in various foodstuffs.’ Estragole is metabolized in the liver to form 1’-sulfoxyestragole. This metabolite binds to DNA, thereby forming what are known as DNA adducts. Yang: ‘If the adducts can’t be repaired in time by the cell, they accumulate in the DNA. That affects cell division, which can lead to cancer.’ However, Yang only looked at the effect on the DNA in her study, not at tumour formation.\n\nPrevious studies showed that estragole can cause tumours in rodents\nShuo Yang, PhD student Toxicology\n\nNot repaired\nIt is known from previous research that these DNA adducts remain for a while and that they may not be recognized by the cell’s repair mechanism. Yang studied the structural changes that occur in the DNA’s double helix. To do this, she exposed rat liver cells to 50 μM of estragole. ‘This dosage is high enough to produce adducts but still low enough to be biologically relevant.’\nIn addition to cell analysis, Yang also used computer simulations to predict what would happen to the DNA if adducts were formed. ‘The simulation results were in line with the results from our cell experiments. We found that most of the adducts that were formed did not cause any obvious changes to the DNA structure. That may explain why the repair mechanism misses them.’\n\nTip of the iceberg\nSo no more basil on our pasta? The dosages Yang used in her experiments were much higher than the average daily intake. Even so, changes in the DNA can accumulate over time, especially if they are not being repaired. What is more, we are not talking about just one food component. Yang thinks this might be the tip of the iceberg. ‘We now know that estragole has a possible carcinogenic effect on liver cells. But our food has far more components that could trigger or inhibit the formation of adducts. I would like to investigate that interaction further.’ \n\nAlso read:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8154963850975037}
{"content": "Search our collections\n\n\nLED Egyptian Pyramid Light\n\n\nHeight: 5cm / 2 inches\n\nBase: 6x6cm / 2.4x2.4 inches\n\n\nThe earliest temple obelisk still in its original position is the 68-foot (20.7 m) 120-metric-ton (130-short-ton) red granite Obelisk of Senusret I of the XIIth Dynasty at Al-Matariyyah in modern Heliopolis.\n\nThe obelisk symbolized the sun god Ra, and during the religious reformation of Akhenaten it was said to have been a petrified ray of the Aten, the sundisk. It was also thought that the god existed within the structure.\n\n\nIt is hypothesized by New York University Egyptologist Patricia Blackwell Gary and Astronomy senior editor Richard Talcott that the shapes of the ancient Egyptian pyramid and obelisk were derived from natural phenomena associated with the sun (the sun-god Ra being the Egyptians' greatest deity). The pyramid and obelisk's significance have been previously overlooked, especially the astronomical phenomena connected with sunrise and sunset: the zodiacal light and sun pillars respectively.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9997795820236206}
{"content": "Which Is The Example Of Flow In Economics?\n\nWhat is stock and flow with examples?\n\nA flow shows change during a period of time whereas a stock indicates the quantity of a variable at a point of time.\n\nExamples of stocks are: wealth, foreign debts, loan, inventories (not change in inventories), opening stock, money supply (amount of money), population, etc..\n\nWhat is stock and flow resources?\n\nStock resources are resources that can be permanently expended, and are therefore non-renewable, and whose quantity is usually expressed in absolute amounts rather than in rates. … Flow resources are not permanently expendable, i.e., they are renewable, under usual circumstances; they are resources that are replaced.\n\nWhat are the three main participants in a closed economy?\n\n\nWhat is the best money flow indicator?\n\nThe best-known indicator in this category is Granville’s Obv. Later variations include Markstein’s volume price trend (Vpt) and the volume flow indicator (Vfi), which I introduced in my June 2004 Stocks & Commodities article (see “Suggested reading” at the end of this article).\n\nHow do you read money flow?\n\nPositive Money Flow is the sum of the Positive Money over the specified number of periods. Negative Money Flow is the sum of the Negative Money over the specified number of periods. The Money Ratio is then calculated by dividing the Positive Money Flow by the Negative Money Flow.\n\nWhich is example of flow?\n\nThe definition of a flow is an act of moving or running smoothly, a movement of water or the continuous moving of ideas, stories, etc. An example of a flow is a steady movement through the development of a research paper. An example of a flow is the movement of a stream.\n\nWhat is the other name of money flow?\n\nWhat is another word for cash flow?takerevenuewagesbuncegategrossissuemoney receivedpayments receivedpurse141 more rows\n\nIs GDP a stock or flow?\n\nIf all flows are instantly perishable, there would be no stocks. Thus, the stocks we see at any one point of time are what are left over from past inflows at various stages of depreciation. For example, GDP is a flow because it is the sum of all the flows during a year.\n\nWhat is stock example?\n\nExamples of Stocks in Play If Grandma’s has a total of 100 shares, and you buy 1 share, you now own 1% of the company. If Grandma’s becomes popular nationwide, hypothetically, the stock price will increase. If Grandma’s pies are deemed unhealthy, less people might buy the pies, resulting in a stock price decline.\n\nWhat are the two main flows in an economy?\n\nMoney flow and real flow are the two main aspects of the circular flow of income economic model. Both refer to exchanges of goods and services for money, but the two concepts differ in how they refer to the opposite sides of these exchanges as they relate to individuals and companies.\n\nWhat are the main flows in an economy?\n\nProduction, consumption and exchange are the three main activities of the economy. … Both production and consumption, in turn, depend upon exchange. Thus these two flows are interrelated and interdependent through exchange.\n\nIs money a flow variable?\n\nThe weath of any economic unit is its assets (the things that it owns, including IOUs from other economic units) minus its liabilities (what it owes to other units). Wealth is measured in dollars at a point in time and is a stock variable. Saving is measured in dollars per unit time and is a flow variable.\n\nWhich one is not a flow variable?\n\nNational wealth is not an example of flow variable. It is a stock since it is measured at a point of time. National wealth is not time dimensional. It is not measured over a specified period of time like flow.\n\nWhat’s another word for capital?\n\nSYNONYMS FOR capital 4 principal, investment, assets, stock.\n\nWhat is a flow in economics?\n\nThus, a stock refers to the value of an asset at a balance date (or point in time), while a flow refers to the total value of transactions (sales or purchases, incomes or expenditures) during an accounting period. … Capital is a stock concept which yields a periodic income which is a flow concept.\n\nIs money a stock variable?\n\nMoney supply is a stock variable because it is expressed at a particular point of time.\n\nWhat is the three main flows in the economy?\n\nThe three major flows in the economy are total production, total income and total spending. There are two sets of markets in a simple economy: goods markets and factor markets. In the simple circular flow of economic activity, “real” flows of goods and factors, and financial flows, move in opposite directions.\n\nWhat is flow in stock market?\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9733115434646606}
{"content": "The belated F1 2020 Season Review\n\n\n\nUEFA Nations League Preview\n\nIn 2018, we have already had the euphoria and emotions of what turned out to be an amazing month of football in Russia. The domestic league seasons have started up again and now they have reached the first break in the season. That means the return of International football. Normally, European sides will begin their qualification campaign for the next major tournament but instead, they will be embarking on a new competition in the UEFA Nations League.\n\nThe Story behind the Nations League\n\nThe UEFA Nations League has its beginnings seven years ago, at the 2011 UEFA Strategy Meeting in Cyprus. This is when the discussions and consultations began regarding having a third major tournament to go alongside the European Championship (EUROs) and the World Cup. The discussions continued through meetings at the Top Executive Committee (TEP). It was not until March 2014, at the XXXVII UEFA Ordinary Congress in Astana, Turkey where the tournament was unanimously adopted. read more\n\nReview: Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup\n\nWhat a month of football we had this summer! 736 players representing 32 nations and 64 matches later, the 2018 World Cup was spectacular! It was expected to be a heavily politicised tournament but apart from the Pussy Riot pitch invasion in the final, that did not happen. It was expected to be shrouded in racism, it wasn’t. Video Assistant Referee (VAR) played its part but the football did the talking as records and titans fell while as a nation, we unified, daring to dream that ‘football’s coming home’. Eventually, it was France who triumphed in Russia after one of the most memorable world cups in living memory.\n\nThe story of Russia 2018\n\nDenis Cheryshev scored a brace as hosts Russia hammered Saudi Arabia. [Image from The Japan Times].\n\nAfter Robbie opened the World Cup, it was down to the hosts to start the tournament against Saudi Arabia. The two were the lowest ranked sides of the tournament but that did not show for Russia as Yuri Gazinsky headed in the opener, a Denis Cheryshev brace including a stunning injury-time set the hosts on their way to a 5-0 win which was rounded off by an Aleksandr Golovin free-kick! read more\n\n2018 World Cup Russia Preview\n\nFootball could have been coming home this summer but it was not to be. Instead, when Russia hosts Saudi Arabia, they will kick start the 2018 World Cup. 736 players representing 32 nations from five continental football federations will be competing on this, the biggest stage in football and after a mammoth month of football (64 games between 14th June and 15th July), 23 players will have played their part I crowning their national side, World Champions!\n\nThe geographical spread of the host cities in Russia. [Image from Sky Sports].\n\nWith this being Russia’s first hosting of a major international football tournament, a number of new stadiums were built. With Russia spanning 17.1 million square km and two continents, it is mostly concentrated in European Russia (West of the Ural mountains) with the exception of Ekaterinburg that will see football. From St. Petersburg in the north to Sochi in the south on the Caspian Sea, from Yaketerinburg in the east to Kaliningrad in the west, the world cup spans a diameter of 7.1 million square miles. The tournament spans four different time zones and has 12 stadiums being used from 11 cities with the capital, Moscow the only city to be using two stadiums. read more", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5029122829437256}
{"content": "Question: How Many 4×6 Fit On A Sheet?\n\nHow many 5×7 can fit on a 8.5 x11?\n\ntwo 5x7you can make a canvas though in PS at 8.5×11 and resize your two 5×7 photos to fit in the space..\n\nWhat size is 4×6?\n\n\nHow do I print 4×6 in Word?\n\nIMO, the best approach is to specify the actual Paper Size for the Word document itself: Format> Document> Page Setup> Paper Size. If there is a 4×6 dimension listed for your printer, select it there.\n\nIs 4×6 the same as 2×3?\n\n\nHow do you print 5×7 on 8.5 x11?\n\nThanks for any help you can give me.Go to File>new>blank file. … Crop picture A to 5×7, then copy/paste A to the blank file.Crop picture B to 5×7, then copy/paste B to the blank file.Use the move tool to position A & B.You should have 3 layers: Background layer, Layer with A, and Layer with B.\n\nHow many 4×6 can fit on a 8.5 x11?\n\nIf you are using 8.5×11 paper it is physically impossible to print four 4×6 photos on a page. If you total 6+6 inches = 12″, 1″ inch larger than the 11″ of the page, and that without having any borders between the photos.\n\nHow many 4×6 fit 8×10?\n\nRowan, they fit. 2 x 4 = 8. Two 4 x 6 photos = 6 x 8.\n\nHow do I print 4×6 on 8.5 x11?\n\n\nHow do I print a 2×2 photo on a 4×6?\n\nHow to print 2 passport pictures on one 4×6 photo paperGo to File>new blank file. … Open your picture file.Crop your picture to 2×2 ” with the crop tool. … Go to Select>all, then Edit>copy to put it on the clipboard.Go back to the blank file from step #1, then Edit>paste.Position the picture with the move tool.More items…•\n\nCan 2 5×7 fit on one page?\n\nYou can’t fit two 5×7 prints on an 8.5×11 piece of paper because of printer margins and whatnot. … The 7 inch side is on the 8.5inch side of the paper and the top 5 inch side is on the 11 inch side next to another 5 inch side of the other picture.\n\nWhat is the size of 5×7 prints?\n\n13x18cmActual size of Photo 5×7″ (13x18cm)\n\nHow do I make a 4×6 photo an 8×10?\n\nChoose constrained aspect ratio and put in width=2 height=3 for 4×6, width=4 height=5 for 8×10, width=2.5 height=3.5 for 5×7. Then draw the regtangle selection on the part you want to keep on the photo and go to image> crop (you can move the selection around before cropping). Voila!\n\nHow do I shrink a Word document to 4×6?\n\nHere’s how:Open the document containing the announcement.Press [Ctrl]P.In the Zoom section, click the Scale To Paper Size drop-down arrow.Scroll to and select the desired sheet size.Enter how many copies you want and then click OK.\n\nHow do I print 4×6 photos?\n\n\nHow do I print a passport size photo 4×6?\n\nCreating a 4×6 with multiple passport photos Press CTRL+A to select all of the image and press CTRL+C to copy the image. Click Image > Canvas Size. Adjust the Canvas Size to 6in width by 4in height to print on 4×6 photo paper.\n\nWhat aspect ratio is 4×6?\n\nIf not, here it is: an aspect ratio of 3:2 matches the aspect ratio of a standard 4×6 inch print. Just multiply the aspect ratio by two: 3*2 = 6 and 2*2 = 4. What this really means: when you take photos with a camera that has a 3:2 sensor, none of the prints that you make at 4×6 will get cropped.\n\nHow do you print 4×6 on a letter?\n\n1 – select the photos and hit the Print window. 2 – in the next window select Paper Size= US letter and Print Size=4×6. This will give you 2 per page.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9220292568206787}
{"content": "\n\nIn the 5th installment of the UP Stop COVID Deaths webinar series, Dr. Rontgene M. Solante, one of the top infectious diseases experts in the country, shared his insights on the impact of COVID-19 on the control of TB, HIV, and other infections based on the San Lazaro hospital experience.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000077486038208}
{"content": "Herbal Support for PMS\n\nPremenstrual Syndrome\n\nPremenstrual syndrome, also known as PMS, is a condition that is commonly experienced among women during their reproductive years. In fact, three out of four women are believed to suffer from PMS to some degree.1,2 While symptoms vary per individual, some are considered to be manageable while others are severe enough to interfere with overall quality of life. We will review the individual herbs that have can support women during PMS and how we've combined them to formulate our Women's Cycle Comfort.\n\nWhat Is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)?\n\nAs the female body prepares itself for possible pregnancy, changes in hormone levels occur which affect the organs of the reproductive system. After the egg is released from the follicle during the ovulatory phase, the follicle begins to break down and becomes the corpus luteum. This causes an increase in the hormone progesterone which will thicken the lining of the uterus in order nurture the fertilized egg. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels will drop. This will cause the uterine lining to shed resulting in bleeding or the start of menstruation.\n\nLiterature defines PMS as behavioral, psychological and physical symptoms that occur roughly seven to ten days before a woman starts her menstrual cycle.3,4  Although the exact cause is not fully understood, PMS symptoms are believed to be triggered by various factors including fluctuation of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, decreased serotonin levels, calcium and magnesium deficiencies and excess aldosterone (antidiuretic hormone).4\n\n\n\nCommonly reported symptoms include breast swelling and tenderness, water retention and weight gain, headache, increased appetite or food cravings, changes in bowel movement, pain in the lower back and pelvic region, fatigue, and acne. Many women also experience cognitive and emotional symptoms that may be due to the changes in serotonin levels including anxiety, depression, difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, irritability, a sudden urge to cry and mood swings. While not as common, women have reported non-specific symptoms such as palpitations, vertigo, migraine headaches and exacerbation of other conditions such as allergies.4\n\n\nConventional treatment of PMS may include over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may also be prescribed for emotional disturbances such and anxiety and irritability.4  There are, however, more natural options available that will ease various symptoms experienced during PMS and the menstrual cycle. Women have used wild herbs such as black cohosh and chaste tree as support and comfort for these issues for centuries. Kava is another herb to consider when addressing physical and emotional imbalances. Let’s take a closer look at how these herbs work:\n\n\nblack cohosh\n\nBlack cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa)\n\nBlack cohosh has traditionally been used for various ailments including difficult child birth, menstrual cramps, menopause as well as rheumatism.Black cohosh is believed to act as a phytoestrogen and therefore thought to provide hormone balancing benefits. Although there is no actual estrogen in the plant, it binds to estrogen receptors causing the body to respond as if hormone was present. Balancing hormones may reduce a number of symptoms associated with PMS as well as menopausal discomforts such as hot flashes.\n\n\n\nchaste tree\n\nChaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus)\n\nChaste tree is another herb with documented use for women’s health including PMS, breast tenderness, regulation of menstrual cycles, emotional disturbances and more. It has also been traditionally used as a hormone modulator but works slightly different than black cohosh. Chaste tree is believed to inhibit prolactin and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) while promoting the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH).5 As a result of the LH increase, “progesterone will also increase which may promote balance between estrogen and progesterone levels,”5  potentially causing a reduction in symptoms.\n\n\nkava kava\n\nKava-kava (Piper methysticum)\n\nKava has been traced back hundreds of years being used as a ceremonial drink in the islands of the Pacific Ocean. It has numerous traditional uses and benefits due to its active constituent, kavalactones. These benefits include acting as a pain reliever, sedative, anxiety-reducer, antispasmodic, local anesthetic and more. 7 While there are limited studies on Kava’s specific effects on PMS symptoms, a three-month randomized study found that it helped improve mood, particularly anxiety, in perimenopausal women.6  Another study found that kava improved symptoms of anxiety, tension and restlessness after switching over from benzodiazepine treatment.8 Kava’s calming and pain reducing effects may greatly benefit women who experience both physical and emotional distress during PMS.\n\n\nThese beneficial herbs can be found in Women’s Cycle Comfort from Wise Woman Herbals. This traditional formulation supports healthy mood balance and cyclical symptoms during times of PMS. If you are currently on prescription hormones, make sure to speak with your doctor before starting these or any supplement to determine if they are a right fit for you. For optimal PMS symptom support, consider additional lifestyle changes such as increased exercise, movement or stretching, getting more hours of sleep, and reducing consumption of alcohol, tobacco, refined sugar and processed foods.\n\nAbout the Author\n\nDr. Yasamine Farshad is the Practitioner Education Manager for Wise Woman Herbals® where she coordinates educational events and content for health care practitioners. Dr. Farshad received her Doctorate in Naturopathic Medicine from the Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine in Tempe, Arizona and received her Bachelor of Science in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from the University of Arizona. Dr. Farshad also teaches anatomy and physiology for Herbal Wisdom Institute where she received her herbalist certification. She focuses on nature cure using botanical medicine and nutrition.\n\n\n1. US Department of Health and Human Services, O. (2018, March 16). Premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Retrieved from https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome#13\n\n2. Steiner, M. (2000). Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: guidelines for managementJournal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience; 25(5): 459–468.\n\n3. Shaw, S., Wyatt, K., Campbell, J., Ernst, E., & Thompson‐Coon, J. (2018). Vitex agnus castus for premenstrual syndrome. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews2018(3), CD004632. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004632.pub2\n\n4. Pinkerton, J., MD. (2019, July). Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). Retrieved 2020, from https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/menstrual-abnormalities/premenstrual-syndrome-pms \n\n5. Mayo, J., MD, FACOG. (1998). Black Cohosh and Chasteberry: Herbs Valued by Women for Centuries. CLINICAL NUTRITION INSIGHTS; Advanced Nutrition Publications, 6(15). doi:http://www.acudoc.com/black_cohosh_and_chasteberry.PDF \n\n6. Cagnacci, A., Arangino, S., Renzi, A., Zanni, A. L., Malmusi, S., & Volpe, A. (2003). Kava-Kava administration reduces anxiety in perimenopausal women. Maturitas44(2), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5122(02)00317-1 \n\n7. Singh, Y. N., & Singh, N. N. (2002). Therapeutic potential of kava in the treatment of anxiety disorders. CNS drugs16(11), 731–743. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200216110-00002 \n\n8. Malsch, U., & Kieser, M. (2001). Efficacy of kava-kava in the treatment of non-psychotic anxiety, following pretreatment with benzodiazepines. Psychopharmacology157(3), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130100792", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8972204923629761}
{"content": "What really happened at the so-called Mohenjo Daro massacre?\n\nWas the Mohenjo Daro ‘Massacre’ Real?\n\n\n\n\nMohenjo-daro, Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan. ( suronin /Adobe Stock)\n\n\n\nNumerous other skeletons were found within layers of rubble, ash, and debris, or lying in streets in contorted positions that suggested the agonies of violent death.\n\n\nA Violent Massacre?\n\n\n\nOr Were They Victims of Flood and Disease at Mohenjo Daro?\n\n\n\nSkeletal remains of the so-called Mohenjo Daro massacre. ( George Dales )\n\nIs this Evidence of Atomic War?\n\n\nOne such individual is David Davenport, British Indian researcher, who spent 12 years studying ancient Hindu scripts and evidence at the site where the great city once stood. In his book Atomic Destruction in 2000 B.C. he reveals some startling findings: the objects found at the site appeared to be fused, glassified by a heat as high as 1500°C, followed by a sudden cooling. Within the city itself there appeared to be an ‘epicenter’ about 50 yards wide, within which everything was crystallized, fused, or melted, and 60 yards from the center the bricks are melted on one side indicating a blast.\n\nIn his book Riddles of Ancient History , A. Gorbovsky reported the discovery of at least one human skeleton in the area with a level of radioactivity approximately 50 times greater than it should have been due to natural radiation. Davenport claimed that what was found at Mohenjo Daro corresponded exactly to what was seen at Nagasaki and Hiroshima.\n\nDavenport's theory was met with intense interest from the scientific community. Professor Antonio Castellani, a space engineer in Rome said: “it's possible that what happened at Mohenjo Daro was not a natural phenomenon”.\n\nSince there was no indication of a volcanic eruption at Mohenjo-Daro, or another disaster that could explain such features, Davenport suggested that the ancient city and its last inhabitants were obliterated by a blast from an ancient weapon, likened to an atomic bomb . The History Channel’s Ancient Aliens series gave credence to the idea, and so the ancient weapon theory immediately ignited.\n\nProponents were quickly drawn to an alleged quotation from the Indian epic Mahabharata, published by Erich von Däniken in Chariots of the Gods , which speaks of doom and destruction:\n\n... (it was) a single projectile\nCharged with all the power of the Universe.\nAn incandescent column of smoke and flame\nAs bright as the thousand suns\nAn iron thunderbolt,\nA gigantic messenger of death,\nWhich reduced to ashes\nThe entire race of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas.\n\n...The corpses were so burned\nAs to be unrecognizable.\nThe hair and nails fell out;\nPottery broke without apparent cause,\nAnd the birds turned white.\n\nAfter a few hours\nAll foodstuffs were infected... escape from this fire\nThe soldiers threw themselves in streams \nTo wash themselves and their equipment.\n\n\nThe streets of Mohenjo Daro ( Syed /Adobe Stock Deriv.) with an explosion in the background. (Liz Leafloor)\n\nBut is everything as it seems?\n\nSeparating Fact from Fiction\n\nA thorough keyword search through English translations of the Mahabharata reveals no such passage, and yet it appears in more than 30 books and across thousands of online articles.\n\nRather than being entirely fictitious, the passage is composed of a merging together of various unrelated passages scattered throughout the 200,000-verse epic, some of which are also questionable English translations of a questionable French translation of the original Sanskrit. When viewed in their original context, they are a little less convincing. For example, one passage reads:\n\n“When the next day came, Camva actually brought forth an iron bolt through which all the individuals in the race of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas became consumed into ashes. Indeed, for the destruction of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas, Camva brought forth, through that curse, a fierce iron bolt that looked like a gigantic messenger of death. The fact was duly reported to the king. In great distress of mind, the king (Ugrasena) caused that iron bolt to be reduced into fine powder.” (Mausala Parva, sec. 1)\n\nI am sure most would agree that this cannot be taken as evidence for an ancient nuclear blast.\n\nBut what of the crystallized objects, fused together as though exposed to an intense blast of heat?  This one is not so mysterious. The so-called bomb blast ‘epicenter’ is the ancient dumping ground for broken pots that were often made by vitrifying sand in high-temperature kilns.\n\nAs for the irradiated bodies, unfortunately this appears to be nothing more than a fictional account put through the rumor mill, with no original source quoted against the claims. Despite the skeletal remains being extensively studied down to the finest details, not a single scientific paper reports on the discovery of radiation.\n\nBut scientific papers aside, common sense dictates that the 15-foot (4.5m) high walls that can be seen in Mohenjo Daro today, would not have survived a nuclear blast !\n\nExplaining the Forty-Four\n\nFor the massacre theory to hold up as a valid explanation for the scattered skeletal remains of the forty-four, Dr Dales points out that we need a lot more than the odd and haphazard positioning of the remains: “Where are the burned fortresses, the arrowheads, weapons, pieces of armor, the smashed chariots and bodies of the invaders and defenders?”, he asks in his paper The Mythical Massacre at Mohenjo Daro . The answer is that despite extensive excavations at Mohenjo Daro, none were ever found.\n\nFortunately, science has progressed immensely since the time of the first excavations of Mohenjo Daro, and there now exist precise methods for dating human bones, as well as identifying signs of violent death, and these new methods eventually provided a nail in the coffin to Wheeler’s long-accepted theory.\n\nIn the 1980s, biological anthropologist K.A.R. Kennedy and colleagues studied the collection of skeletal remains, and found no evidence of violent death. They concluded that the massacre theory had been incorrectly based on archaeological evidence of disorderly disposal of the dead, rather than on skeletal evidence of trauma.\n\nThey concluded that the Mohenjo Daro massacre theory had been incorrectly based on archaeological evidence of disorderly disposal of the dead, rather than on skeletal evidence of trauma. ( George Dales )\n\nFurther evidence unravelling the massacre theory came in the form of more precise dating assigned to different layers of ruins at Mohenjo Daro, as well as to the skeletons themselves. Dating of the remains showed that some of the individuals had died much earlier on, in the Intermediate Period. In fact, it is believed there could be up to 1,000 years in between the time that some of the individuals died, meaning there was no single tragedy that killed the forty-four, and in fact, they may all have died very uneventful and natural deaths!\n\nMore Mysteries at Mohenjo Daro\n\nThis may come as somewhat of a disappointment to those that love a dramatic story of widespread devastation from an ancient weapon of mass destruction or from an invasion of marauding barbarians, but not all the mystery surrounding Mohenjo Daro has been eliminated.\n\nArchaeologists still remain perplexed as to why such an advanced civilization would bury their dead without any apparent funerary rituals or without even positioning them neatly in a grave. It is almost as though they were tossed in a hole and buried in whatever position they landed. This is quite in contrast to the order and attention to detail that is seen in the rest of the city, and so far, remains unexplained.\n\nAnd then there is the question of where the rest of the inhabitants are? Archaeologists estimate that at its peak, Mohenjo Daro was home to some 40,000 people. So why only forty-four bodies? To date, no cemetery has ever been found in Mohenjo Daro or its surrounds. If such a site is ever found, it may offer the key to answering many of the questions that still remain about this impressive civilization.\n\nArchaeologists estimate that at its peak, Mohenjo Daro was home to some 40,000 people. ( suronin /Adobe Stock)\n\nMohenjo Daro May be Lost Forever\n\nAlthough it has survived for five millennia, Mohenjo Daro now faces imminent destruction. While the intense heat of the Indus Valley, monsoon rains, and salt from the underground water table are having damaging effects on the treasured site, it is the visitors that flock in their thousands to the site that are the biggest threat. Adding to the problem is a lack of funding, public indifference, and government neglect. The government even approved a festival being held at the site back in 2014, where tents, lights and stages where hammered into the walls of the delicate ruins.\n\nMohenjo Daro is already in an incredibly fragile condition. It is estimated that at its current rate of degradation, the World Heritage listed site could be gone within 20 years . Experts are now saying that the only way to save it is to rebury the city. The loss of Mohenjo Daro would not only be a great national tragedy for Pakistan, it would be a loss to the entire world.\n\nTop Image: Mohenjo Daro archaeological site, Pakistan. ( Syed/Adobe Stock) Skeletal remains from the so-called massacre. ( George Dales )\n\nBy Joanna Gillan\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe only theory I believe is the flooding. Those bodies, I don't know what they are from but a nuclear bomb is really pushing the envelope.\n\nThe history of the human race is a story of bitter struggle to survive and to rule. In the process, eliminating those who are unacceptable in terms of racial, linguistic and cultural differences. Thus peace has reigned for a very short time of 8% in the entire span of human history. In terms of statistics and significance, any natural factor capable of destruction must be so large that if it occurs, it will destroy 3/4 of the human race in almost a single instance. For such a catastrophe to occur, the chances are very remote. The most common factor for the destruction of any race is primarily violence and violence only. NOTHING can be more efficient. TO IGNORE THIS BASIC CONCEPT and to blame nature for the disappearance of a civilization is absolutely shameful. Satellite images can fool everyone. Give credence based on backup evidence and include history of the land.\nThe Indus civilization was pillaged and plundered, its citizens put to the sword, similar to what an Assyrian king recorded in his edicts,'I cut their throats like the throats of lambs and kids\". When two different cultures clash, they fight to eliminate each other, there is no room for compromise, unless the two are equally strong and come to terms. This did not happen in the Indus. It was pure massacre. The Vedic culture which has been in existence from the beginings of Indian history did not have the faintest idea about who lived before them. The Vedic people knew nothing about writing, town planning, architecture, attached toilets, protected water supply, waste and water drainage system or toys. It is absurd to believe that a people with such a high level of advancement did not know how to deal with drought and floods(even today we do not know despite all the local and foreign technology). It is funny that the supporters of the Vedic culture claim that the Indus civilization was their handiwork, and everyday some new claims are being made. I am an amateur. I have been studying the Indus script for almost 30 years. I have deciphered some of the signs, including the 'fish' sign. The 'fish' sign represents the women of the Indus culture. The results show that they are directly linked to Sumerian culture. To conclude, one can safely say that the Vedic people arrived in India after the death of the Indus culture. Then who destroyed the Indus culture? It must have been a fierce WARRIOR RACE who did not want to settle in India and looked for other pastures for looting and ransacking. All this talk about climate change destroying the Indus civilization is in poor taste and is a bad joke on the public. As for the Sarsvathi civilization I cannot comment, because I dont know.\n\nBut there is growing evidence of a time when the planets of our solar system were much closer, and fought one another with lightning-bolt weapons. And we may be seeing the return of such massive, cosmic lightning-bolts. Twenty six people, most of whom were not directly in the bolt's path, were recently killed by a single strike in India. An entire herd, over 300, reindeer were killed in Norway last year. In summer. Water in the ground was blamed for spreading the power of the electricity. Where were those Mohenjo Daro victims found? What was their orientation? Water has long been the key to 'the power of God'. This is what was going on in the contest between Elijah and the priests of Ba'al. The priests of Ba'al used electrically insulating dry wood and oil, thinking that this would make their sacrifice more flammable. Elijah used green wood and water. And all this took place atop a mountain, a natural lightning-rod.\n\nIt's all about electricity.\n\ni think the place was blone up by a nuke from the future\n\nLook up the Oklo Natural Nuclear Disaster. In Africa in 1972 there was a 'nuclear explosion' made by natural causes. It is a possible explanation.\n\n\nNext article", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6361480951309204}
{"content": "A Beginner’s Guide to Optimum Nutrition\n\nA Beginner’s Guide to Optimum Nutrition\n\nWhether you’re just starting on your fitness journey, have been working at it for quite some time, or even consider yourself a gym veteran, you don’t have to be an elite supplement enthusiast to know who Optimum Nutrition is...and there’s a good reason for it. Yep, we’re talking about the leading American brand who has been manufacturing premium supplements for over 30 years and has taken home the gold medal for both supplement and protein of the year for 10 years and counting. Keen to find out everything you need to know about Optimum Nutrition’s top 3 products? Let’s get started! \n\n1. Optimum Nutrition - Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein\n\nIf you’ve heard of Optimum Nutrition, you’ve no doubt heard of Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein. These two names generally go hand in hand. Why? Well, Optimum Nutrition’s long-standing reputation is mostly credited to the release of their premium protein, Gold Standard 100% Whey aka the world’s best selling whey protein.\n\nWhat is it?\n\nTo keep it simple: Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard 100% Whey is a fast-digesting protein best consumed post-workout to enhance muscle recovery and growth. \n\nWhey protein delivers amino acids to the body, which are the building blocks for muscle growth and repair. As whey is a complete protein source, it contains all nine essential amino required for protein synthesis. Whether you’re a bodybuilder, athlete, sporting professional or simply a fitness enthusiast, Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein caters to the high protein demands and goals of all fitness levels. \n\nLet’s take a closer look…\n\n  • 24g of whey protein - Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein’s protein content consists of primarily microfiltered Whey Protein Isolate, which is one of the purest forms of whey. Additionally, the protein blend also contains ion exchange Whey Protein Isolate, ultrafiltered Whey Protein Concentrate, and hydrolysed ‘Hydrowhey’ peptides. What does this mean for you? A high-quality protein source that is delivered to your working muscles rapidly, allowing your muscles to utilise the nutrients for recovery and growth. Likewise, you can enjoy a quality serving of ultra pure whey protein, without any other hidden nasties that might set you off course - including fillers and additives.\n\n  • 5.5g of BCAAs - Branched Chain Amino Acids, more commonly known as BCAAs, are a group of three essential amino acids: Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine. BCAAs are referred to as ‘essential’ because your body cannot produce them on its own, unlike non-essential amino acids. As such, it’s important to source it from your diet. So, what do BCAAs do? BCAAs are most commonly taken to boost muscle growth and enhance performance and energy. Of the three, Leucine is suggested to play the most prominent role in enhancing your body’s ability to build muscle proteins, while isoleucine and valine play an important role in energy production. \n\n  • 4g of Glutamine & Glutamic Acid - Put simply, glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is a building block of protein and a crucial part of the immune system. Glutamine aids immune function as it acts as a critical fuel source for immune cells, including white blood cells and certain intestinal cells. Additionally, it also helps to maintain muscle mass. Here’s why: If the body’s need for glutamine is greater than its ability to produce it, your body is more likely to break down your protein stores (including muscle) to release more glutamine. As such, supplementing with glutamine allows your body to maintain an adequate glutamine supply to reduce muscle breakdown.   \n\n2. Optimum Nutrition - Essential Amino Energy \n\nIf you’re looking for a little extra assistance to help you train longer and harder, Optimum Nutrition Essential Amino Energy is your go-to!\n\nWhat is it?\n\nTurns out that whey protein isn’t the only product Optimum Nutrition can excel in. Optimum Amino Energy is one of the most versatile amino acid products on the market, capable of being integrated into your daily routine as a morning pick-me-up (for those who struggle to get out of bed in the morning), a pre-workout (for those who need a little boost in the gym), intra-workout (for those who want to feed their muscles as they train), or to sip on throughout the day to enhance your BCAAs intake. \n\nOptimum Nutrition Essential Amino Energy contains a powerful amino blend and energy blend to deliver essential amino acids to your body to facilitate muscle recovery, while simultaneously helping to enhance energy and focus to help you power through an intense workout. \n\nLet’s take a closer look…\n\n  • 5g of Amino Acids - The Amino Acid Blend found in Essential Amino Energy combines all of the essential amino acids (Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, and Valine) required for cellular health, optimal recovery and performance. However, essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body, which means they must be sourced from food or supplementation. The formula also contains amino acids, Taurine, Citrulline and Beta-Alanine, which have been added to help maximise muscle recovery, improve blood flow, enhance nutrient uptake and reduce fatigue. \n\n  • 100mg of Caffeine - Essential Amino Energy contains naturally occurring caffeine sourced from green tea and green coffee, which supplies a natural and steady release of caffeine to enhance energy levels, performance output, and cognitive function. \n\n  • L-Arginine and Citrulline - These two ingredients play an important role in boosting nitric oxide and subsequently vasodilation, whereby it relaxes the inner muscles of blood vessels, allowing them to widen and increase circulation. As a result, more blood, nutrients, and oxygen can reach your spent muscles to assist with recovery and growth.\n\n  • Customisable - Whether you’re looking for a gentle morning pick me up or an intense pre-workout, Essential Amino Energy is designed to be easily customised to suit your needs. Simply adjust the serving size to adjust the energy - Choose between a standard two scoop serve containing 5g of amino acids and 100mg of caffeine or double down with four scoops and receive a generous serving of 10g of amino acids and 200mg of caffeine. \n\n3. Optimum Nutrition - Gold Standard Pre-Workout\n\nFocus, energy and endurance in one? You’ve got it! \n\nJust as you’d expect, Optimum Nutrition has lived up to the iconic “Gold Standard” name with the launch of their Gold Standard Pre-Workout. Containing quality ingredients dosed specifically to enhance athletic performance, Gold Standard Pre-Workout is a must-have for anyone serious about reaching their goals.\n\nPre-workouts are designed to provide you with a clean and sustainable hit of energy to boost your workout output, allowing you to train harder and for longer. So, who is it for? Essentially anyone who needs a push getting out the front door or a little extra help taking their performance to the next level. \n\nLet’s take a closer look...\n\n  • Banned substance tested\n\n  • Energy and focus complex - A combination of N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCL, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Caffeine and Citrus Bioflavonoids delivers intense alertness, energy and sharp focus, all from natural sources.\n\n  • 1.5 grams of Beta-Alanine and 1.5g of L-Citrulline - Beta-Alanine and L-Citrulline have been added to the formula to help improve performance. So, what do they do? CarnoSyn, which is a patented and scientifically proven form of Beta-Alanine, assists with enhancing your physical working capacity and endurance, while simultaneously helping to delay fatigue. Beta-Alanine is a naturally occurring amino acid that is essential for muscle carnosine synthesis. Carnosine helps to delay the onset of muscle fatigue, which means your muscles are in a better state to train harder and for longer before tiredness kicks in. Likewise, L-Citrulline Malate is a key ingredient in many pre-workout formulas as it helps to reduce fatigue during high-intensity training and increase nitric oxide production, which in turn, helps to increase blood flow, which subsequently enhances the amount of nutrients reaching spent muscles to enhance muscle growth and recovery. \n\n  • 3 grams of Creapure® Creatine Monohydrate and 25mg of AstraGin - Creapure and AstraGin have been added to the Muscle Matrix. Creapure Creatine Monohydrate is a German engineered product highly regarded as the purest form of Creatine Monohydrate available. Creatine Monohydrate is suggested to enhance explosive energy, as it’s linked to improvements in the availability of ATP, which is responsible for our ability to generate explosive movements. Additionally, AstraGin is a patented product renowned for its ability to enhance the absorption of key nutrients. When paired with Creapure, it allows your muscles to take full advantage of key nutrients at a much quicker rate. \n\n\nStay fuelled with the latest in health & fitness", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6987487077713013}
{"content": "Fitness in 2021\n\n2021, I feel, is going to be the year to where things will start to return to normal, which is what we need after the year or longer that we have had. With that being said, I also predict that events and business will start to limit their people still and may have some new rules moving forward as many people will be worried about coming into something like COVID again.\n\nThis also rings true for many fitness places and personal trainers, at least speaking for myself and my future plans. If we have learned anything over the course of this past year is that we were not as clean pre-COVID as we are now. That is something that I feel will stay the same moving forward for many years to come.\n\nNow, I know, the title of this blog is about Fitness this year and how it will be affected or why I would even talk about this, but I think it is important to preface where we think the world will be after COVID to know what the first steps with different businesses will be.\n\nFor fitness, I think that 2 things will start to happen once things open up and mask mandates are lifted. Number one and probably the most important one for Blades Fitness and other local gyms, membership acquisition is going to go through the roof! People have been in quarantine for so long, have started to gain a little weight, and with summer coming up they are wanting to get back into the gym and get back to where they are at.\n\nNow, many people may be sitting here and thinking that home gyms and all of that are things of the future, but I am inclined to disagree with you and here is why. Let's look at the housing market and how crazy all of that is right now, why do we think that is? People have been stuck in one place for so long they get tired of it, bored with it, start to find a lot of things wrong with where they are at. So, they want to move. They want out of where they have been held up for so long, and I think this will be the case with health and fitness\n\nAs people, we thrive on being able to go out and do things and interact with people on a daily basis, and I think that will start to be the biggest thing especially this summer and moving into the fall.\n\nAll of this leads into the number 2 reason why fitness and health, I feel, will start to boom and really take off, and that is because it is something outside of the home. Like I talked about earlier, people want to get out and be able to go and do things and experience things, not only shop or eat or take trips, but also just go and do anything to get out and get healthy. This is where we are trying to capitalize on in the coming months with events starting to open up and the country starting to slowly open up, people are going out and doing things now. This is why we are talking about a gym now, why we are going to do more events and physical forms of marketing, and have our name and face out there.\n\n2020 was the year where businesses suffered and many closed, along with lives lost and families torn apart. 2021 will be the year for new businesses to thrive off of new found freedom, families to be reunited, and life slowly but surely moving back to some form of normality. With that being said, we are going to be ahead of the curve and be prepared in the instance that things explode and business booms right off the bat. 2021 is our year, and we are ready to make our dreams a reality.\n\n2 views0 comments\n\nRecent Posts\n\nSee All", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8230524659156799}
{"content": "• Kieumy, BOM, London\n\n\nUpdated: Mar 20, 2020\n\nIn the first issue of the series on Gut Health, we looked into why Gut Health is important. In this issue, I want to share with you the common reasons why people often have poor gut health. Recent researches have identified several factors that can optimise or weaken our gut health.\n\nFor instance our diets have a huge role to play in maintaining our gut health. Today, a large number of our population follow a Western diet, which has high contents of animal fat and protein, low contents of fibre. But the most important component in diet for healthy guts is fibre. Without fibre, we reduce the variety of good bacteria. When we eat fibre, bacteria create molecules that have the properties to be anti inflammatory. If we deprive those bacteria of their favourite food, they disappear.\n\nThe quality of our food is also important. Chemical additives used by food manufacturers to alter the food’s texture and increase its shelf-life impact our gut. For ex a study conducted with mice few years ago demonstrated that two particular dietary emulsifiers — carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80 — induced gut microbiota alteration and gut barrier dysfunction in mice, resulting in weight gain, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to assess food additives for their impact on gut health and make an effort to maintain a healthy diet consisting mainly of wholefoods.\n\nAnother element that impacts our gut healthy is antibiotics. They save life but they also negatively impact our microbiota. Furthermore, antibiotics given at a very young age can have drastic consequences later in life (risk of obesity, poorer immune system and allergies).\n\nThe mode of delivery also affects the microbiota. With perineal delivery, the baby swallows the microorganisms from the mother whereas babies delivered by caesarean present a different microbiota that will impact the rest of his life and which may not be compensated.\n\nFollow our blog that is specifically focused on healthy eating and plant centric foods that can help improve your gut health!\n\n4 views0 comments", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.631311297416687}
{"content": "The Tragedy of Julius Cæsar (Classic Reprint)\n\n13 octobre 2018|\nThe Tragedy of Julius Cæsar (Classic Reprint) de William Shakespeare\n9,57 $\nCouverture souple\nObtenez 48 points privilègeᴹᴰ\nAcheter en ligne\nLivraison à une adresse\nEn rupture de stock en ligne.\nCueillette en magasin\nPour savoir si la cueillette en magasin est offerte,\nAcheter en magasin\nNon vendu en magasin\nLes prix et les offres peuvent différer de ceux en magasin\n\n\nExcerpt from The Tragedy of Julius C sar\n\nThe edition of this play embodies all the features of its predecessors, with several additions. Firstly, all movements have been printed in heavy type to enable them to be easily detected from the other matter secondly, the text has been pointed by means of perpendicular marks to indicate the pauses to be observed either after or before the word thus treated. These pauses may be short or long, and in most cases there is a note provided to indicate their necessary duration but where this does not occur the reader will be able to judge by the context what form of treatment is required. They do not occur at every obvious point, but only where the difference created by them, though at times slight, enables the line to be governed so as to discharge its proper value. This also applies to the words italicized for emphasis, which in some cases may be light and in others heavy, the slight inflexion sometimes giving the elliptical construction its proper solution. Thirdly, among the innovations comes the detailed description of the costumes. This will, it is hoped, prove of great value in a play which sometimes causes confusion and difficulty in the matter of apportioning the right costume to the right character. Beside the dress is placed its Latin name, so that readers can, if they so wish, continue their investigations in the classical dictionaries and study examples of the clothes that are frequently shown in the articles dealing with them. A glossary of the costumes not fully described in the text, but which are mentioned under their Latin names, is placed at the end of this preface, together with a plate. It contains a short description of the military, civil, male and female costumes, with instructions as to the winding of a full-sized toga. Two plates are also provided showing thirty-seven of the principal properties used in the play, each of which is briefly described in an accompanying commentary. In short, this edition seeks to provide every means to facilitate a proper understanding of the play and its equipment.\n\nAbout the Publisher\n\n\nTitre :The Tragedy of Julius Cæsar (Classic Reprint)\nFormat :Couverture souple\nDimensions de l'article :120 pages, 9 X 6 X 0.25 po\nDimensions à l'expédition :120 pages, 9 X 6 X 0.25 po\nPublié le :13 octobre 2018\nPublié par :FB&C Ltd\nLangue :anglais\nConvient aux âges :Tous les âges\nISBN - 13 :9781330024454\n\nConsulté récemment", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6381683349609375}
{"content": "Social Media Influence On Elections Essay\n\n1630 Words 7 Pages\nPublic exposure, social influences, and social media are three ways that the internet has impact on the public opinion in presidential elections. There is more information on the internet than there is anywhere else in the world, and can be added and viewed by anyone at any time. Social influences the public opinion and voting behaviors, via celebrities, culture, and emotions this. Social media also has a great influence on the public opinion and voting behaviors, through Twitter, Facebook, and Myspace. The internet does have influence on voting behaviors; however it does not have a more positive or negative influence on public opinion during presidential elections. The internet has both a positive and negative influence on public opinion and voting behaviors because voters are exposed to both true and false information on the internet in a timelier manner than any other type of media.\nBeing able to get information and providing information within minutes, and the ability to find\n…show more content…\nSocial media has a positive influence on the public by bringing people within the same political parties together and allowing places for them to socialize from around the world. Facebook has many different political party groups that the public can join and learn, discuss, and follow on different issues and candidates during an election as well as meeting other people within their party. While social media bring a lot of positive influence on public opinion it can also bring much negative influence. Although social media is a great place for people to meet others that share their political views, it can also influence people to believe falsified information. Forums are another negative influence on public opinion. Although they are meant to be simple discussions or informative blogs, they tend to turn into a page of debate and\n\nRelated Documents", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5482615828514099}
{"content": "Primary Tutor Lightning Squad\n\n12 Apr 2021\n10 May 2021\nContract Type\nFull Time\nWe are recruiting several Primary Tutors, across the Lancashire region, to facilitate a literacy programme to small groups of children from Years 1 to 4. The Lightning Squad Literacy programme is a blended approach with in-person tutoring supported by an online tutoring platform in the form of half-hour daily sessions working with 4 pupils at a time to improve reading skills, fluency, comprehension, spelling and phonics. Since it is an established evidence-based programme, course content is provided and 2 days of paid training allows you to familiarise yourself with the course, set-up, assessment etc.\n\nTraining will be facilitated by Success for All and FFT, with all materials being provided such as a User guide, Participation book and course content in hard copies for your easy access when tutoring begins. Weekly check-in sessions whilst tutoring and a 5-day week technical helpline, will support you to deliver this successful programme.\n\nThis is an amazing tutoring role allowing you to learn from industry experts and gain a real sense of job satisfaction delivering an established and successful literacy programme. Since we envisage Tutoring programmes to play a vital role in Primary School education for the next 2 years, opportunities can be viewed as long-term, yet flexible.\n\nGeneral Purpose of the role:\nTo provide daily half-hours tuition sessions with 4 pupils at a time, in a face to face capacity, within a school setting, as directed and according to computer led instruction and material. To record data, participate in evaluations and compose reports as directed on pupil progress and outcomes.\n\nDuties and Responsibilities:\n\n* Oversee the overall tutoring project for assigned school and selected pupils\n\n* Collect required data for project\n\n* Implement methods for data quality assurance\n\n* Write reports on implementation as needed with relevant data and information\n\n* Assist in administrative duties related to assigned school/s and the project\n\n* Participate in proactive team efforts to achieve pupil and school objectives\n\n* Adhere to all policies and protocols of the school and Operam Education Group\n\n* Act in a professional manner and with pupils and colleagues\n\n* Perform other duties, as assigned to fulfil the role successfully\n\nEducation & Experience:\n\n* Teaching qualification or experience as a HLTA\n\n* Experience working within a primary school setting (essential)\n\n* GCSEs in English Language, maths and a science at Grade C or above (essential)\n\n* Driving license (desirable)\n\n\n* Ability to use Microsoft Word in the creation, editing, and review of documents including formatting text and tables\n\n* Ability to use Microsoft Excel in the creation and use of spreadsheets including sorting and filtering data, using basic formulas, and creating graphs\n\n* Ability to use Microsoft Outlook for sending and receiving email, maintaining a work calendar, and scheduling appointments\n\nRequired Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities\n\n* Organise data and accurately understand and report data\n\n* Engage pupils in creative and versatile teaching style\n\n* Establish and maintain effective working relationships\n\n* Interact with pupils\n\n* Manage multiple projects and tasks simultaneously\n\n* Prioritise, organise, and delegate assignments\n\n* Make administrative/procedural decisions and judgements\n\n* Analyse and solve problems\n\n* Work in a team-oriented environment and participate in all team meetings and assignments\n\n\nWorking Conditions:\nWork is normally performed in school; however, online tutoring would occur in the event of any lockdown/isolation measures.Monday-Friday, full-time or variable hours available.\nBenefits: Attractive pay rates, 2 days free training (paid work), evidence-based course content provided, long-term work opportunities available", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998512864112854}
{"content": "Infants and Chiropractic Care in Palm Harbor\n\n\nWhy do parents take kids to be seen by a Chiropractor in Palm Harbor, especially infants?\n\nIt’s a great question, and one that I would have asked, before I truly understood the benefits and power of Chiropractic care.\n\nThe benefits of Chiropractic care continue to be researched and the evidence continues to stack up in its favor. One of the most recent published articles comes from the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, this study is called “Maternal Report of Outcomes of Chiropractic for Infants.” This was just released this year and like most other Chiropractic research the outcomes are astounding, but I’ll share those in a minute. First, we need to understand the role of Chiropractic.\n\nInfants, toddlers, teenagers, and adults all function and are governed by the same innate laws.\n\nFor our bodies to develop, function, eat, talk, sleep, and HEAL our brain coordinates every aspect of our being. Our brain is essentially the master computer which controls it all. Unfortunately, we are not wi-fi or Bluetooth equipped, every message from our brain goes from the brain, down the spinal cord and out through the nerves to reach your organs and limbs. This is how our bodies function and communicate. This is true if you are a 1 day old or 100 years old. This is when Chiropractic comes in. If your brain, spinal cord, and nerves are critical to the functioning of your body, then who is checking and making sure that your nervous system is functioning optimally. Sadly, the medical community does not check for spinal interferences due to their philosophy of practice. The medical community checks for anything that might be of immediate danger to one’s life at the moment (and that’s good). In other words, they are disease focused. The Chiropractic philosophy is polar opposite. We focus on the persons nervous system and its function to prevent disease in the first place.\n\nChiropractic Care For The Whole Family in Palm Harbor\n\nMost of us think well I’ll go to the Chiropractor in Palm Harbor when I have pain, and this is why it is a foreign concept to bring a child to the Chiropractor. But simply knowing the anatomy and knowing that the brain and nervous system control everything, at what point as a parent would you want to know if your child had any interference to the nervous system. 100% of all parents I ask say, “right away”. This is why parents who are exposed and educated to Chiropractic care bring their families to get checked by Chiropractors. Now back to the study…\n\nThe purpose of the study was to investigate mothers of infants and the outcomes of their infants’ overall condition pre and post-chiropractic care. Over 2000 mothers participated in the study and here are some of the areas that showed significant improvements: improved feeding behavior (nursing), decrease sleep issues, increase cervical range of motion, increased time in prone position (tummy time), decrease in excessive crying and a few other improvements. Interestingly maternal satisfaction and ratings also increased, moms reported fewer bouts of depression and anxiety. In total, 82% reported definite improvements of their infant’s global impression of change and 95% reported feeling that the care was cost-effective, and more than satisfactory. Last thing, 0 side effects were reported.\n\nThis is why 1000’s of families seek care for their families. Not because a study says it is good, but because they have seen the difference with their kids and their family. I hope you consider having your family checked. It is one of the best gifts you can give them, the gift of health.\n\nCall Ignite Chiropractic & Wellness in Palm Harbor today to schedule an appointment.\n\n\n8:00am - 10:30am\n3:00pm - 6:00pm\n\n11:00am - 1:00pm\n\n8:00am - 10:30am\n3:00pm - 6:00pm\n\n3:00pm - 6:00pm\n\n8:00am - 10:30am\n\n\nIgnite Chiropractic & Wellness\n2661 East Lake Road\nPalm Harbor, FL 34685\n(727) 216-6775", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6389342546463013}
{"content": "Apostates, Hybrids, or True Jews?: Jewish Christians and Jewish Identity in Eastern Europe, 1860-1914\n\nBy Raymond Lillevik\n\n\nISBN: 9780227174937\n\n\nThis book explores the relationship between Christian faith and Jewish identity from the perspective of three Jewish believers in Jesus living in eastern and central Europe before World War I: Rudolf Hermann (Chaim) Gurland, Christian Theophilus Lucky (Chaim Jedidjah Pollak), and Isaac (Ignatz) Lichtenstein. They were all rabbis or had rabbinic education, and were, in different ways, combining their faith in Jesus as Messiah with their Jewish identity. The book offers a biographical study of the three men and an analysis of their understanding of identity. This analysis considers five categories of identification: the relation of Gurland, Lucky, and Lichtenstein to Jewish tradition, to the Jewish people, to Christian tradition, to the Christian community, and to the network of Jewish believers in Jesus. Lillevik argues that Gurland, Lucky, and Lichtenstein transcended essentialist as well as constructionist ideas of Jewish and Christian identity in very different ways.\n\nAdditional information\n\nDimensions229 × 153 mm\n\n\nTrade InformationJPOD\n\nAbout the Author\n\nRaymond Lillevik (PhD) is lecturer in Kristen Videregående skole in Nordland, Nesna, in Norway.\n\n\nList of Illustrations\nForeword by Oskar Skarsaune\n\n1. Introduction\n     Jewish Believers in Jesus: The Road Less Taken\n     Previous Research\n     Method: A Narrative and Analytical Approach\n     Constructing Identities\n     The Problematic Term “Jewish Christian”\n     Jewish Identification: Sergio DellaPergola\n\n2. Eastern European Jews between 1860 and 1914 and the\nChristian Missions\n     The Term “Eastern Europe”\n     The Jews\n     Christian Mission Work to the Jews\n\n3. The Biographies of Gurland, Lucky, and Lichtenstein\n     Rudolf Hermann (Chaim) Gurland (1831-1905)\n     Christian Theophilus Lucky/Chaim Jedidjah Pollak (1854-1916)\n     Rabbi Isaac Lichtenstein (1825-1908)\n\n4. Analyzing the Relationship between Jewish Identity and Faith in Jesus\n     The Relation to Judaism and the Jewish Tradition\n     The Relation to the Jewish People\n     The Relationship to the Christian Tradition and Doctrines\n     The Relation to the Christian Community\n     The Relationship to Jewish-Christian Groups and Individuals\n\n5. Conclusion\n     Three Jewish-Christian Identities\n     Further Perspectives\n\nAppendix: The False Doctrines of Talmud\n     Text: “False doctrines of the Talmud”\n\nIndex of Subjects and Names\n\n\nEndorsements and Reviews\n\nThis fascinating, groundbreaking, and much-needed study of these three pioneers highlights their contribution to nineteenth-century Hebrew Christianity and to Messianic Judaism today. Lillevik tells their stories, traces their theological development, and explores the challenges they posed and faced. Through the lens of history and comparative analysis, his careful scholarship calls for renewed attention to the role of Jewish believers in Jesus as the bridge between church and synagogue. Read, reflect, and enjoy!\nRichard Harvey, Hebrew Bible and Jewish Studies, All Nations Christian College, Hertfordshire\n\nLillevik’s book is a timely and pioneering study of three Jewish-Christian leaders of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. How did they negotiate the difficult challenge of combining two apparently incompatible identities, Jewish and Christian? Lillevik addresses this question with great empathy and methodical finesse. No one has presented and studied these three leaders in such breadth and depth before. His book will remain a landmark study of Jewish-Christian identities in the modern period.\nOskar Skarsaune, Norwegian School of Theology, Oslo, Norway", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9701886177062988}
{"content": "Medical Records\n\nWhether you're interested in reviewing information doctors have collected about you or you need to verify a specific component of a past treatment, it can be important to gain access to your medical records online. this guide shows you how. * patients will be able to sign request form, send back securely, and receive any requested medical record. benefits of a medical records custodian. document scanning & storage — morgan records will scan and store all your files for future medical records requests from patients/attorneys/medical facilities. Clary is a family-owned business with over 60 years of. operating experience. over the past 16 years, clary has provided hipaa compliant storage, scanning and shredding service to hundreds of hospitals and clinics throughout the continental u. s. I have medical charts that need scanning! “after we moved to emr, we needed a solution for the paper charts still stored in each of our offices. corporate records management provided the most cost effective program by picking up and indexing each chart, then storing them at their secure facility. we were then able to centralize our record.\n\nIt’s a patient’s right to view his or her medical records, receive copies of them and obtain a summary of the care he or she received. the process for doing so is straightforward. when you use the following guidelines, you can medical records learn how to. Each time you hop up on a doctor's exam table, somebody makes a note in your medical records. there may come a time when you need your medical information, so find out how to get it and how it's protected. each time you climb up on a doctor.\n\nJan 21, 2008 on the upside, short-term off-site storage makes valuable hospital conversely, off-site paper record retrievals can be costly and prone to . Flexible medical data management solutions… secure electronic medical records storage, storage of physical medical record and x-ray storage and . Him standard: policies and procedures exist to facilitate the storage of both active and inactive health records and resident-identifiable data and are evaluated periodically to ensure that health records and data are well organized, are kept confidential and secure, and are readily available for resident care, research, education, and other authorized uses.\n\nMedical Equipment Medical Charting Medical Chart Racks\n\n\nState Medical Records Laws Findlaw\n\nMedrecords offers medical records storage, scanning and distribution for physicians with or without emr systems across canada. safe, secure, accessible. If the medical record and phi is in use, but not actively being viewed, it should be storage. medical records and phi must be stored where there is controlled . Confidential patient medical records are protected by our privacy guidelines. patients or representatives with power of attorney can authorize release of these documents. we are experiencing extremely high call volume related to covid-19 va.\n\nA hacker claims to have stolen just shy of 10 million records, and is putting them on for sale on the dark web for about $820,000. the hacker posted the records on the site therealdeal, and the data includes social security numbers, address. Medical records storage is available for doctors and medical facilities that need secure patient file storage in accordance custodial medical record storage. Medical records privacy laws outline patients' rights to secrecy of their medical information, and the circumstances under which that information may (or must) internet explorer 11 is no longer supported. we recommend using google chrome, f. Binder chart storage carts include a range of formats for organizing, storing, accessing and transporting medical binder charts and records.\n\nCmpa How To Manage Your Medical Records Retention Access\n\nMedical Office Supplies\n\nFill ames medical filing systems with all common types and sizes of physical record media, from files, folders, and medical records charts to x-ray film or other images. most will also accommodate medical supplies. ames brand medical filing cabinets and physical medical record storage systems: organize your physical files with unparalleled efficiency. The tata memorial hospital was initially commissioned by the sir dorabji tata trust on 28 february 1941 as a center with enduring value and a mission for concern for the indian people. Rsrs provides physicians, clinics and hospitals with professional and secure medical record storage services in canada including scanning, medical practice closure, emr transition assistance, and release-of-information services.\n\nMedical gas cylinder storage nfpa.\n\nTata memorial hospitaltmh, mumbai and advanced center for treatment, reserach and education in cancer, actrec, navi mumbai. Originally published march 2003 / revised october 2019 / revised october 2020 is0334-e. some of the most common questions asked by cmpa members relate to their clinical record, including how long should it be kept, who should have access to it, how it can be kept secure, how to properly store and dispose medical records of it, and under what circumstances it should be shared or transferred.\n\nOmnimed® medical chart racks are used in medical offices, hospitals and other mobile storage needs. omnimed® medical chart racks. Chart providing details of california medical records laws internet explorer 11 is no longer supported. we recommend using google chrome, firefox, or microsoft edge. are you a legal professional? visit our professional site » created by fin. A propublica report found more than 180 servers on which people’s medical records were available with minimal or no safeguards. an award-winning team of journalists, designers, and videographers who tell brand stories through fast company's. Medical Records\nHow to access your medical records.\n\nWhile the paperless medical record has yet to come to full fruition everywhere, hard copy storage of medical records, radiology, pharmaceuticals and medical . Chart providing details of maine medical records laws internet explorer 11 is no longer supported. we recommend using google chrome, firefox, or microsoft edge. are you a legal professional? visit our professional site » created by findlaw'.\n\nMedical Records Storage Systems Ames Medical Filing\n\n\nPostingan populer dari blog ini\n\nUci Anaheim Medical Records\n\nLed Strip Lights With Remote\n\nEpiccare Link Fresno", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7967482209205627}
{"content": "Quartz: Common, But Not Conventional\n\nGreen quartz\nSpecimen of green variety of quartz, possibly aventurine, extracted from the Lechang Mine, Guangdong Province, China. (Géry PARENT, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons)\n\nEditor’s Note: During the year-long celebration of Rock & Gem’s 50th Anniversary, we’ll be revisiting various articles from our archives and bringing them back for an encore publication. This article was initially published in the August 2001 issue of Rock & Gem and written by our esteemed Senior Consulting Editor Bob Jones.\n\nOf all the minerals found on Earth, quartz is the most common. It occurs in almost every type of rock. It comes in five common yet different crystallized forms and many more non-crystalline forms. It is valuable in industry and communications. And it accepts other minerals, which give it colors and patterns that far exceed the beauty of any other mineral.\n\nQuartz has long been the cornerstone of the gem and lapidary industry and the collecting hobby. We would be hard-pressed (even in 2020) to find many people who don’t have some variety of it in their collections.\n\nThis mineral has a relatively simple chemical structure. It is made of an atom of silicon (one of Earth’s most common elements) and two of oxygen (its most common element). Together, they form molecules that take the shape of a tetrahedron, rather like a pyramid with one corner pulled out to distort the whole. These, in turn, attach in a spiral fashion, forming beautiful hexagonal crystals that usually have pyramidal, or pointed, terminations.\n\nRutilated quartz\nSpecimen of rutilated quartz was discovered in Ibitiara, Bahia, Northeast Region, Brazil, with needle-like rutile inclusions creating a golden color visible within the transparent quartz. (Didier DESCOUENS, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons)\n\nQuartz Formation\n\nIf the quartz approaches pure silicon dioxide, it is clear and colorless, with air bubbles and miscellaneous impurities accounting for the milky hue often seen in quartz. If, however, other metal ions — iron or aluminum — become part of the internal arrangement, the potential for color is there.\n\nWhen atoms combine to form molecules, they usually do so by sharing electrons, bonding them together. If everything balances electrically, the atom is stable and neutral. But when aluminum is present in quartz, it replaces some of the silicon atoms, and they differ in their electron balance. Silicon shares four of its electrons with two oxygen atoms in rock crystal. Aluminum, taking the place of silicon, has only three electrons it can share with two oxygen atoms. This electron difference makes the quartz susceptible to outside energies. Introduce a bit of radioactivity, and the quartz containing aluminum becomes a smoky color — one of the most popular varieties of quartz. We can make smoky quartz by bombarding clear quartz with radiation, something often done with Arkansas quartz.\n\nIron is another metallic element that can get into the atomic structure of quartz and affect the color. Iron is unusual because it can have four electrons to share, like silicon, or it can have only two or three, like aluminum. If it shares three electrons, the quartz can take on a yellow color. We call that citrine. If the iron has four electrons to share due to an unusual case of radiation, it will take on an amethyst (purple) color. We can change amethyst to citrine by heat-treating the quartz to disturb the electron arrangement.\n\nRose quartz\nIn this specimen of rose quartz, extracted from the Lavra Berilo Branco mine, Doce Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, it appears to have deposited in two phases, creating the difference in the color saturation of this 3.89 x 3.82 x 2.15-inch specimen. (Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com)\n\nThe final color we see in crystallized quartz — the least common of the group — is rose. Various research has shown that the reason for the lovely, limpid pink color may have to do with the presence of titanium. Additionally, the Gemological Institute of America reports, “Research has shown that rose quartz owes its delicate pink color to microscopic inclusions of aligned silicate mineral fibers.” Again, the interaction of electrons produces the color emissions we see.\n\nAs you know, there are other colors of crystallized quartzes: green and blue, among others. These colors are largely due to inclusions, though citrine and amethyst quartz, as I mentioned, can be changed to green by heat-treating the stone.\n\nFamily Structure\n\nThe other quartz family of minerals falls under the heading cryptocrystalline quartz, a name that simply means it forms in crystals too small to see without magnification. That definition is a bit of an oversimplification, given that the submicroscopic crystals are fiber-like in most cases.\n\nClear cluster of quartz crystals\nAn exceptionally clear cluster of quartz crystals recovered from the McEarl Mine, Garland County, Arkansas. (Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com)\n\nThis variety’s main form is chalcedony, followed by agate, jasper, carnelian, sard, heliotrope, and onyx, among others. Within this grouping, there is a division. The agates are fibrous in structure, while jasper and flint are grainy quartzes.\n\nChalcedony is a particularly appealing gem material, as it is hard and easy to work and can come in a rainbow of colors, depending on impurities. The forms of iron in chalcedony color it red, yellow, orange, or brown. Copper minerals impart a blue shade, while nickel makes it green. Its formation mode can produce lovely alternating layers of colors that can be wildly patterned in bands, swirls, dots, and eyes. It is this multicolored, patterned chalcedony that is most popular with the lapidary.\n\nAgates’ Quartz Foundation\n\nThe history of agate as a gemstone is longer than almost any other gem. It was gathered from streams in ancient times and used for jewelry. By the time the Romans controlled the world, the first great agate beds were being exploited around Idar and Oberstein, Germany. A huge agate gem business evolved there, outlasting the Roman and succeeding empires until the local supply dried up. At that point, German emigrants went searching for new supplies, and the great agate fields of South America opened.\n\nCitrine quartz\nA macro view of a specimen of citrine variety of quartz. (Géry PARENT, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons)\n\nFor the most part, the Brazilian agate fields produce gems that lack bright colors. But agate is porous enough to be treated with heat or dyes to produce lovely, banded material; since each layer of chalcedony agate varies slightly in porosity, the dyes are selectively absorbed.\n\nIn the 1940s, one of the great sources of agates, naturally colored in a riot of hues, was opened up in northern Mexico. This material ranks as some of the better agate ever found. The source was volcanic formations, primarily in the state of Chihuahua. The agates here are so beautiful that they require special attention in an article such as this. The only problem today is availability.\n\nSeventy years ago, Mexican fortification agates were readily available and possible to collect for the adventuresome. By 2001, the large beds of Mexican agate were nearly played out or closed to collecting. Where agates may still be found, they must be hard-won from the enclosing volcanic rock and can be hunted only with permission.\n\nLight smoky quartz\nA well-terminated example of light smoky quartz with phantom inclusions found in Seminário Farm, Joaquim Felício, Minas Gerais, Brazil. (Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com)\n\nThere are several agate beds in Mexico. The agates are often named for the source of locality, with Laguna, Coyamito, Gallego, Sueco, Apache, and Apache Flame agates among the best known. There are countless other sources of agate in Mexico, but these areas are the most notable. Gem material from each of these areas is distinctively colored and stunning.\n\nWhat I like most about Mexican agates are the internal patterns they contain. Each stone is unique. Some are strictly fortification agates, with a series of concentric bands of varying width and color, yet with a pattern uniformity. Others have concentric rings of color with a point in the center, which is why this variety of agate is called “eye agates.” These eyes develop when internal, stalactitic growths in the agate are cut across the grain. If cut along their vertical axes, the pattern consists of two parallel bands of matching colors, slowly tapering to a rounded point. Some of the eyes have a small, hollow tube in the center where solutions may have entered or where some slender, needle-like crystal, now gone, gave rise to the stalactite form.\n\nScattered within many agates are color dots and streaks. Some are large enough to be seen with the unaided eye. Most are best seen under 10x magnification as bright dots or spots or colors that give the band’s overall color shade. These small concentrations of color have been shown to be largely iron compounds, with some manganese compounds as a second color source. In a few cases, snow-white dots are seen, which are usually bits of colorless quartz.\n\nJapan law twin quartz\nA transparent quartz variety Japan law twin specimen, measuring more than a foot across, was found in the hills outside Joaquim Felicio, Brazil. (Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com)\n\nThe fascinating feature of many agates is the “escape tube.” This is a bulbous shape that starts within the banding and extends toward and sometimes to the agate’s rim. These tubes are sometimes narrow in the center with a bulging tip. If they touch the rim of the agate, they spread out in a funnel-like form.\n\nFor a long time, these escape tubes were thought to be the avenue through which the silica solutions entered the hollow geode or gas pocket in lava. These solutions were credited with creating the banding for which these agates are prized. However, modern studies have shown that the reverse is actually true.\n\nThe elongated structures actually are escape tubes. As the agate formed from a silica gel material, increasing pressure caused the remaining solutions to probe and penetrate the agate layers that had already formed at their weakest point. This movement to reach the rim of the agate so as to relieve the building pressure caused the existing, fresh layers to be dragged toward the flow of the escape. So, when you look carefully at an agate with an escape tube, you can readily see the distorting effect this movement has created. The regular fortification pattern is pulled like taffy into unusual and irregular forms. All of this adds to the internal beauty of that agate. Couple that with a nice quartz crystal lining in the center of the agate and you have something quite attractive.\n\nOne of the most beautiful quartz forms used in jewelry is quite valuable, even though the quartz is an ordinary milky white. Of course, the fact that it has stringers and veins of gold running through it may account for its higher-than-usual value. Called “gold in quartz,” this lovely material is contrasting snow-white and rich, buttery yellow. It can be slabbed and polished, then used as cabochons, for beads, or as an inlay gem material, among other uses. Set in rings and brooches, it is an instant conversation piece, and when used to make jewelry boxes and ornamental objects of art, it is quite elegant. Much of the “gold in quartz” comes from California’s mines, though it may be expected any place gold occurs in white quartz veins.\n\nTiger's Eye quartz\nA polished slab of tiger’s eye, with striking chatoyant bands, from the Mt. Brockman Station, Pilbara, Western Australia. (Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com)\n\nAs long as people collect gems and minerals, there is going to be an attraction to quartz. Many collect only that singular species, which is understandable, given that there are myriad sources the world over. It comes in a great variety of wonderfully showy crystallized forms and in several attractive colors. The massive varieties can be riotously colored and patterned agates or richly colored solid gems suitable for almost any form of jewelry making.\n\nNo wonder quartz is and always will be one of the most popular minerals.\n\nAuthor: Bob Jones\n\n\n\nMagazine subscription\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.585462212562561}
{"content": "Online Men's Health Resources. Erectile Dysfunction Advices Medication Sitemap Resources Directory\n\n\nAre You Getting Anxious Over Anxiety Depression\n\nPeople who exert too much of their brain power usually exhaust not only their physical strength when engaging in in to many activities, they also tend to over extend their brains up to the point when it becomes plain that they need to take some time out to relax and recharge their batteries. A lot of busy people cannot fathom the idea of relaxing and taking time off from work, as well as their worries, this can result in them having nervous breakdowns, anxiety depression and all sorts of mental illnesses that can cause a person's sanity to go haywire. Fortunately, if you're one of those poor unfortunate ones who are unable to destress and are constantly worried and fussing over things, there are various cures and treatments for treating anxiety depression. Anxiety depression is actually characterized by all sorts of irregularities and erratic behavior, this is usually due to certain stress triggers that which cause the person to have undue jitters and stress.\n\nAlso, a lot of people who tend to get easily nervous over stressful activities are prone to having anxiety depression, its just a matter of being strong-willed when it comes to facing difficult and stressful activities. It may be pretty hard to overcome at first, but trying to be calm and cool in times of extreme pressure is what'll actually help to save your mental health from going on a totally downward spiral. When it comes to effectively curing one's self from a mental illness, one must keep in mind that you have to be actually honest with yourself and assess what kind of depression or mental illness you actually have, go to reputable psychiatrist to get yourself diagnosed correctly and get the right depression treatment for yourself.\n\nHere are the various types of depression: Manic or Bipolar depression - characterized by sudden and extreme changes in one's mood wherein one minute the sufferer is in an elevated state of euphoria,while the next minute (day or week) he or she is in a state of complete depression. Postpartum depression - this is characterized by a prolonged sadness and a feeling of emptiness which some women experience following child birth. This is usually the result of the physical stress of child birth, and an uncertain sense of responsibility towards the new born baby . Dysthimia - characterized by a slight similarity with depression, although this time, it's been proven to be a lot less severe, but of course with any case, should be treated immediately. Cyclothemia - has some similarity with Manic or Bipolar depression wherein the individual suffering from this mental illness may occasionally suffer from severe changes in their mood. Seasonal Affective Disorder - characterized by falling in a rut only during specific seasons (i.\n\ne. Winter, Spring, Summer or Fall). Studies however, prove that more people actually fall in to a rut during the Winter and Fall seasons than at other times of the year.\n\nBut the type of depression that has been proven to be quite common among people is anxiety depression. Anxiety Depression is characterized by the state of being overly anxious about things. Anxiety, a supposedly normal behavior that'll actually help a person adjust more to a certain stressful activity, such a first date jitters or a grueling exam the following day.\n\nAnxiety actually helps you get psyched up towards facing certain \"difficult situations\"; anxiety therefore is actually a good thing. Anxiety Depression however, is simply the opposite, not to be easily dismissed as a \"case of the nerves\"; Anxiety Depression is in actuality an illness that can be caused from the biological makeup of an individual, or in other words, a hereditary illness. Also, there are actually various types of Anxiety depression, each having its own unique characteristics. Take for example Generalized Anxiety Disorder or GAD, this kind of Anxiety Depression is a lot more complicated than the average Anxiety Depression, in spite of possibly being a day-to-day habit for those who suffer this kind of Anxiety Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder actually makes the individual more paranoid than usual, anxiety attacks are more frequent, and even absurd at times.\n\nSufferers can even be anxious for no apparent reason. People suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder exhibit a number of symptoms, from lack of sleep, to being unable to relax, getting tired easily, cannot concentrate on what they're doing and even suffering from depression. This kind of Anxiety depression is still curable; just a little work will actually do the trick. Consult a reputable Cognitive Behavior Therapist who will help by giving the individual the therapy that a sufferer needs to help him or her loosen up, and also prescribe any medication that may help help them to calm them down and relax.\n\nPaul Winter writes articles on various subjects and is the editor of ArticlesRus.Net and ArticleBazaar.Net\n\nErectile Dysfunction\n\nImprove your fitness while enjoying the summer - Summer is almost here, but there's still time to look great.\n\nNatural Foods Recommended for Diabetics - If you have been diagnosed with diabetes, its important that you learn as much as you can about your condition.\n\nCheap Contact Lenses The Solution For Vision Correction - Contact lenses nowadays have become the popular solution for vision correction especially for the young and trendy.\n\nLiquid zeolite in natural cellular defense product - Liquid zeolite in natural cellular defense product Today, we are harming the environment and ourselves with horrible chemicals and pollutants like mercury, carbon emissions and more.\n\nDiagnosing IBS New Guidelines - NICE otherwise known as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, have recently released new guidelines in relation to the diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the treatment options for IBS.\n\n\n© Copyright 2021 Men's Sexual Health & Erectile Dysfunction Resource All rights reserved.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.963365375995636}
{"content": "6 Reasons You Need To Stock On Survival Food\n\n6 Reasons You Need To Stock On Survival Food\n\nThere are four main things you need to survive any emergency or natural disaster: water, food, shelter, and supplies. The most important things from this list are food and water. While it would be dangerous and challenging, it is possible to survive without shelter and supplies. However, you simply cannot survive without food and water. \n\nIn this article, we will discuss survival food and what makes it an essential item. There are tons of reasons why you should stock survival food in preparation for emergencies, but we will focus on the six most important reasons. You never know when disaster might strike or when an emergency will hit. Even if you could predict when something will happen, you can never know what will happen during the actual crisis. If you are going to make it through, you will need some survival food.\n\n1.To Save Your Life\n\nThis might seem like the most clear-cut reason, but we still think it is worth mentioning. It is also the most crucial reason to stock survival food. One hard fact you must face when preparing for emergencies is that you simply will not survive without food and water. Getting enough to eat should be your top priority if you are stuck at home (or anywhere, really) and you find yourself in the middle of an emergency. During a natural disaster or worst-case-scenario emergency, being stocked with survival food on hand could be the difference between life and death. \n\n2.To Save You Time\n\nTime is both precious and essential, and this is especially true during any emergency or disaster. You never know what situation you might find yourself in, and you might only have time to figure out your next move and how to stay safe. It’s more than likely you won’t have extra time to go and get food if there is a crisis at hand. If you have survival food already stocked and ready to go, it will help to cut out any time that would otherwise need to be spent finding food and other supplies.\n\n3.To Save You Money\n\nThis is a fundamental reason, but it’s actually one of the least thought about and most overlooked reasons. During a disaster, essential items, food, and supplies will more than likely become extremely expensive. Suddenly canned goods are $5 each rather than 80 cents each, and a box of granola bars could easily cost you $10! Do not wait until an actual emergency or disaster hits to gather food, or it will end up costing you a lot more than if you buy survival food ahead of time. \n\n4.To Help Make Things Easier During Emergencies\n\nEmergencies and natural disasters are stressful, hard, and dangerous as they are; why make things even more stressful on yourself by having more to worry about? Make things easier by having your survival food ready to go at a moment’s notice. As we mentioned, you cannot survive without food. If you have survival food ready, you have already increased your chances of making it through an emergency or natural disaster. With food taken care of… You will be able to focus on other things, such as making it to safety or finding shelter. \n\n5.To Be Prepared\n\nIn a perfect world, you and your loved ones would never have to go through an emergency or natural disaster. Unfortunately, it’s more than likely you will experience at least one emergency in your lifetime. This is a scary thought, but it doesn’t have to make things stressful. The best way to make it through any dangerous or tough situation is to be prepared. This means you need to have the right supplies, the most important of which is your survival food. \n\nIf you have survival food stashed away in a disaster-proof location, you’ve already removed so many obstacles and dangers for you and your family. You will never have to worry about going hungry or having to leave the safety of your shelter to search for food. Just knowing your survival food is available will help to provide peace of mind. \n\n6.To Include in a Survival Kit\n\nHaving survival food is not the same thing as having a survival kit. A survival kit contains a more extensive amount of supplies, including tools, water, solar-powered equipment, and anything else you might need to survive, which can vary from person to person. But, as we know, food is part of surviving and should therefore be included in your kit. Keeping everything together will help to keep things organized and accessible. When you stock up on survival food, you ensure you’ll always have food for your survival kit. \n\nWhat is Survival Food?\n\nSurvival food is food that is non-perishable and will help you survive emergencies. You can find the best and most high-quality survival food kits at 4Patriots. Our food is designed to last for 25 years, which means it has an amazing shelf-life and is non-perishable! Imagine being prepared for emergencies for over two decades by having our survival food stocked at your home. Once you buy it, you won’t have to worry about buying more or running out of supplies for years to come. \n\nYou can buy survival food in all sorts of variations and quantities. You should base your purchase on the number of people who live in your household. For example, if you live alone, you can buy one of whatever survival food kits you want. Each of our kits is designed to last one person for the number of days listed on the packaging, so we do not recommend dividing kits between family members (although, if it’s an extreme emergency, you can). If you have a family, then you should consider buying one kit per person. Here are some of your best options:\n\n  • 4-Week Survival Food Kit: This kit is one of our most popular survival food kits. It gives you a month’s worth of food, ensuring you are prepared for the long-haul. \n  • 72-Hour Survival Food Kit: The 72-hour kit will give you three day’s worth of nutrients and calories to help you survive. This also makes a great kit to keep in your car for road trips. \n  • Emergency Food Bars: These bars make the perfect addition to any survival kit and are great to have readily available. They can act as meal replacements if need be.  \n\n\nSurvival food is not just important — it’s essential. The truth is, you simply do not know what situation you might find yourself in during an emergency. If you are prepared (as prepared as you can be), you increase your chances of survival and decrease stress and danger. While most people like to have a larger survival kit that contains supplies as well as food, even just having survival food well-stocked is a great place to start. As we said, it is possible to survive without supplies, but it’s not possible to make it without food and water. \n\n\n\n\n\nPrevious article Last-Minute Survival Gear Checklist\nNext article 5 Best Survival Food Kits For Critical Moments\n\nLeave a comment\n\nComments must be approved before appearing\n\n* Required fields", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9675332307815552}
{"content": "Girl of Great Price – Milo James Fowler\n\nIn a city run by a powerful mobster, nobody wants to play the hero. Private eye Charlie Madison just wants to pay the rent. When a girl goes missing and no ransom demand is made, Madison takes the case. Time isn’t on his side, and after 48 hours, it’s unlikely an abducted child will be found in one piece. But Madison’s a champion of lost causes, and he’ll be damned before he gives up on her–even if it means putting his own life on the line. As the mystery unfolds, Madison learns a bizarre secret that seems too impossible to believe. It could explain why the girl was kidnapped. And why she might still be alive.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9993956685066223}
{"content": "Modifying Lesson Plan\n\nModifying Lesson Plan\nNumber of sources: 3\nPaper instructions:\n\nAn essential part of being a special educator is writing and implementing IEPs and lesson plans associated with goals on IEPs. Due to legal requirements, special educators should understand the steps that go into planning effective lessons and appropriate accommodations for students with disabilities. Being able to translate IEP goals into learning objectives and accompanying lessons requires practice.\n\nReview “Marcus Partial IEP and Lesson” to inform the assignment.\n\nUpon reviewing the Present Level of Performance and the second grade literacy-based standards, create one academic goal specific to Marcus’ needs. Include this academic goal within the “Lesson Summary and Focus” section of the “COE Lesson Plan Template.”\n\nDesign a standards-based lesson plan, using the “COE Lesson Plan Template,” that modifies and extends skills taught in Marcus’ sample lesson plan and is aligned to his identified academic goal.\n\nWrite a 250-500 word rationale explaining your instructional choices, how your lesson extends the skills taught in the “Sample Lesson Plan” for Marcus, and how the lesson is appropriate for meeting Marcus’ academic goal. Discuss how elements of UDL will be incorporated to enhance Marcus’ learning.\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5842854976654053}
{"content": "Question: Is Spiriva Long Acting?\n\nDoes Spiriva cause weight gain?\n\nThere aren’t any reports of Spiriva causing weight gain in people using the drug to treat either asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).\n\nIf you have concerns about gaining weight while you’re using Spiriva, talk with your doctor..\n\nShould I rinse my mouth after using Spiriva?\n\nRinse your mouth after using the inhaler to prevent dry mouth and throat irritation. If you are using other inhalers at the same time, wait at least 1 minute between the use of each medication. Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it.\n\nWhat happens if you use an inhaler and don’t need it?\n\n\nHow long can you take Spiriva?\n\nIt’s important to take 2 puffs of SPIRIVA RESPIMAT, 1 time each day, to receive the proper dose of medicine. When used as directed, SPIRIVA RESPIMAT helps to keep your airways open for a full 24 hours. It may take up to 4 to 8 weeks of treatment with SPIRIVA RESPIMAT for your breathing to improve.\n\nWhat is the strongest inhaler for asthma?\n\nLong-Acting Asthma Inhalers Available in the United States Include:Advair, Dulera, and Symbicort (a combination of a long-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator and an inhaled steroid)Salmeterol (Serevent)Formoterol (Foradil)Formoterol solution for nebulizers (Perforomist)More items…•\n\nIs a lama a bronchodilator?\n\nLong-acting bronchodilators can be either LABAs (long-acting beta2 agonists) or LAMAs (long-acting muscarinic antogonists). LABA and LAMA are types of bronchodilators. LAMAs include: Incruse® (umeclidinium), Take once daily using Ellipta®.\n\nDoes Spiriva slow the progression of COPD?\n\nFew COPD studies have enrolled patients with early-stage disease. Analysis of the subset of 2,739 UPLIFT patients with moderate COPD shows that Spiriva could actually slow COPD progression. Treatment also reduced COPD exacerbations and improved quality of life over the four-year study.\n\nHow many puffs of Ventolin is safe?\n\nFDA-approved labeling recommends to not exceed 12 puffs/day. For the acute treatment of severe episodes, the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel recommends 4 to 8 puffs every 20 minutes for up to 4 hours, then 4 to 8 puffs every 1 to 4 hours as needed.\n\nDoes Spiriva work immediately?\n\nSPIRIVA starts working right from the first dose, helping to improve lung function by opening airways. It may take a couple of weeks for you to notice the full effects of SPIRIVA. But even if you don’t feel it working, your lungs do. It’s important to give SPIRIVA time to work for you.\n\nWhy Asthma has no cure?\n\n\nIs Spiriva short or long acting?\n\nAnticholinergics are agents of first choice for the symptomatic treatment of patients with COPD. Tiotropium (Ba 679 BR, Spiriva) is a long-acting inhaled anticholinergic designed for once-daily bronchodilator treatment of COPD.\n\nIs tiotropium bromide a LABA?\n\nBackground: Long-acting bronchodilators, comprising long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) and long-acting anti-muscarinic agents (LAMA, principally tiotropium), are commonly used for managing persistent symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).\n\nHow good is Spiriva for COPD?\n\nSpiriva has an average rating of 6.1 out of 10 from a total of 84 ratings for the treatment of COPD, Maintenance. 48% of those users who reviewed Spiriva reported a positive effect, while 27% reported a negative effect.\n\nDoes Spiriva improve lung function?\n\n“There were important lung-function benefits associated with [Spiriva] that were maintained during the four years,” Tashkin and colleagues note. “[Spiriva] reduced respiratory mortality — including a decreased risk of respiratory failure — and reduced cardiac mortality.”\n\nIs pineapple good for COPD?\n\n\nCan spiriva make breathing worse?\n\nSPIRIVA RESPIMAT can cause your breathing to suddenly get worse (bronchospasm). If this happens, use your rescue inhaler, stop taking SPIRIVA RESPIMAT, and call your doctor right away or seek emergency medical care.\n\nIs Spiriva being discontinued?\n\n\nWhat is better than Spiriva?\n\nAlthough there are no exact clinical studies concerning comparisons on which of these two is better, many patients have reported that Anoro Ellipta works better and is more effective than Spiriva Respimat.\n\nIs there an alternative to Spiriva?\n\nPUR0200 is a once-daily investigative inhaler medicine and is being developed as an alternative to Spiriva HandiHaler (marketed by Boehringer Ingelheim), which was first approved in the U.S. for the treatment of COPD in 2004.\n\nWhy is tiotropium long acting?\n\nSPIRIVA is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) that further increases bronchodilation over ICS/LABA by targeting the cholinergic pathway through the M3 receptors.\n\nIs spiriva a preventer or reliever?\n\nSPIRIVA RESPIMAT, 1.25 mcg, is a bronchodilator indicated for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of asthma in patients 6 years of age and older.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9819571375846863}
{"content": "OVERVIEW 2019OVERVIEW 2019:Uncertainty surrounding the outcome of the U.S. presidential and congressional elections will shape the actions and decisions of countries around the world in 2020.\n\nA contentious election year in the United States means that even as other nations deal with their own domestic, regional and global concerns, they must take into account the opportunities and risks in decisions that overlap U.S. interests, considering the possible dramatic post-election change in U.S. posture.\n\n“Rogue” nations such as Iran and North Korea, and non-state actors including the Taliban and the Islamic State, will assess ways in which they might leverage their behavior to exploit perceived weaknesses in U.S. foreign policy, while also calculating the risks or benefits in making deals with the Trump administration, or waiting for a possible change in U.S. leadership. If they press to accelerate a U.S. response in their favor,  the risk of aggressive posturing to include military and militant action will grow along with the likelihood of miscalculation of U.S. responses to aggressive tactics.\n\nView our Blog: https://ensembleias.com/blog/\n\nChina, Russia and other U.S. competitors, as well as Washington’s partners in Europe and Asia, will approach making or rejecting commitments with the United States in 2020 with more caution until there is certainty about the next administration. These countries will consider their much longer-term relationship with the United States, seeking to avoid obligations that could get overturned or taking actions that assume a change of White House leadership.\n\nWhereas Stratfor’s 2019 forecast highlighted several challenges to global economic growth, in 2020, we are less sanguine about the ability of the world to avoid localized economic shocks. Social and political stresses stemming from slowing Chinese economic growth rates, rising protests over social inequality and economic austerity programs across Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East — exacerbated by sluggish commodity prices — and Brexit-related uncertainty could contribute to localized economic instability.\n\nVisit our store at http://online.ensemble.net.in\n\nUncertainty over the status of global trade agreements and the limited effectiveness of fiscal and monetary tools available to governments already running at extremely low interest rates will compound these local issues. While a single crisis at one time would be largely manageable, should crises occur in rapid succession or economic instability overlap in several places at once, it could rapidly snowball with global effect. Though we expect some partial easing of U.S.-China trade tensions, the deeper systemic differences between the two will not be resolved in 2020, if at all. The differing economic agendas of the United States, China and Europe leave little room for cooperation, increasing global economic risks.\n\nA growing global competition centered on technological development will intensify political battles and further strain economic stability. The U.S. elections will further highlight the use of social media and other mass communication tools to spread disinformation and sow discord. Competition over technology supply chains, and differing regulatory constructs surrounding the intersection of national security, personal privacy and business interests, will likely leave the United States, China and Europe even further apart than they are today, putting global technology supply chains under stress, further increasing economic espionage and highlighting the stark differences in approach to forming a global regulatory consensus.\n\nSource : Google\n\n\n\n#china #russia #us #india #growing #proximity  #icons #political_class #blog #current_affairs #daily_updates #free #editorial #geographyoptional #upsc2020 #ias #k_siddharthasir #ensembleiasacademy", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9978669881820679}
{"content": "3301 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia PA 19149\n\n215-624-5150 | 215-624-3302\n\n\nOlli A. Tervo, 39, went to be with the Lord suddenly from natural causes on Friday April 9, 2021.\n\nOlli was born in Finland and moved with his family to the US when he was 2 years old. Olli was a dual citizen of both the United States and Finland. He was very proud of his Finnish heritage, and people around him soon knew where his roots were.  Olli was exceptionally close to his friends, who loved him deeply and found him to be loyal and very generous.\n\nOlli loved to travel worldwide and explore new places both geographically and culturally.  His personality allowed him to make new friends immediately no matter where he was.\n\nThere was no denying Olli’s true love for both music and sports. Like father like son, Olli enjoyed tennis in his younger years while also playing little league baseball and soccer. Olli was an avid sports fan just like his father. Major sports which he followed extremely closely were soccer (favorite team Liverpool), baseball (favorite team Atlanta Braves), Formula One (favorite driver Kimi Raikkonen) and ice hockey (favorite team Finland).\n\nOlli was a man of many talents including cooking, as he was always excited to try new things, and he took pride in his creations which made him an excellent chef who loved to serve others.\n\nOlli had a very successful career in advertising and had many great stories to tell from his work experiences in Helsinki, San Francisco, Atlanta, Miami, Philadelphia, New York and Washington DC. He was always looking to share and make new connections around the world. He made many lifelong friends and had colleagues who remember his talents, unique way of thinking, perspective, genuine nature, humor and as someone who always had their back. His last place of work for almost 11 years was with Wunderman Thompson Washington, DC as Associate Art Director.\n\nOlli was the beloved son of Liisa (nee Haapa-aho) and Olavi Tervo; loving brother to Heidi Rivera (Julio) and Tiina Thames (David). Uncle to Anna, Alex, Andrew, and Ava Rivera; Walker, Mia, Elena, and Susanna Thames. He was a caring partner and friend to his girlfriend Tracey Macklin and leaves behind many extended family members and friends, who will all miss him dearly.\n\nA Life Celebration gathering will be held privately by Olli’s family at his parent’s home.  In lieu of flowers the family has requested that potential donations be made in Olli’s name either a) to World Vision in helping to feed hungry children in different parts of the world by clicking the link:, or b) Patmos Mission in helping the children in the slums in Brazil/Fortaleza (Slummikeskus Taivas). Account information as follows: Bank: OP, account number: (IBAN) FI 02578954200084 14, BIC: OKOYFIHH, reference number: 61023, message: Lima Mission.\n\nPlease click on the link below to download Olli's tribute video created by his family:\n(Press the download tab on the webpage to begin the download)\n\nJohn F. Fluehr & Sons, Inc.\n\nFuneral Home Serving Families Since 1898\n\n3301 Cottman Avenue\nPhiladelphia PA 19149\n\n\nnfdapafb opengraph bbblogo", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9357819557189941}
{"content": "Telegraph Road\n\nThis is the current state of my painting of cormorants, taking the work of John Bellany as a starting point.  \n\nthose bendy necks\n\nI knew that I should paint the birds in layers, starting with a neutral of burnt sienna and ultramarine, tinted with rose, and then build in light and dark tones on this.\n\nSo what I actually did was this.   I mixed a mud of rose, viridan and whatever else was still wet on the palette and whacked it on thick with a knife while sort of dancing to the music of Dire Straits.  Cathartic but artistically challenged.\n\nI had looked again at my first sketch and then tried to redraw the anatomy of the birds in chalk.  I corrected the sloping horizon.  I knew that I wanted to fade those background trees into the sky and bring a mass of smaller birds into the foreground at the cormorants’ feet.\n\nFishers Homage to JB\n\nthose bendy necks (7)\n\nSomeone kindly admired those bendy necks in a previous post.  This is indeed meant to be a strong point of the whole composition.  In a series of sketches, I set out to work out how the vertebrae articulate and skull and crop are positioned as the birds preen and watch their surroundings. I looked for lines of action and the relativity of shapes before drawing back in the plumage.  Here I must mention the excellent birdguide site which I used as source material.  Many people upload their photographs daily and they retain the copyright to their images.\n\nThis slideshow requires JavaScript.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9789645671844482}
{"content": "secondhand smoke\n\nA new study published in the British Medical Journal has found that secondhand smoke exposure may impact surgical and anesthetic outcomes among children.\n\n\nSecondhand smoke exposure is breathing the smoke from burning tobacco products, such as cigars, pipes, and cigarettes, and from smoke breathed out from a smoking person. It has a significant health effect on adults and children. In children, it usually leads to ear infections, severe and more frequent asthma attacks, and other lung conditions including coughing, sneezing, shortness of breath and lung infections. As well, children are more susceptible to adverse effects from secondhand smoking than adults. Besides general health, in adults, secondhand smoking may also complicate surgical and anesthetic outcomes.\n\nA recent meta-analysis, published in British Medical Journal, describes, for the first time, the effects of secondhand smoking on surgical and anesthetic outcomes among children. The study critically analyzed multiple research papers based on children aged 0-18 years who were undergoing surgical or anesthetic procedures. The amount of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure was assessed via parental questioning, observation or measuring biological markers. Fifteen studies were categorized into anesthetic outcomes and twelve studies were categorized into surgical outcomes. Studies related to anesthetic outcomes included children with a mean age of  5.8 years, having had anesthetic procedures among a range of surgical procedures including general or mixed surgery, dental, ophthalmology, and urology surgical procedures. Whereas surgical outcomes category studies were focused on ear, nose, and throat (ENT) patients. One study assessed how the surgery of the child affected the smoking habits among their parents and relatives.\n\nAnesthetic outcomes revealed that ETS exposure increased the risk of sudden and brief narrowing of the vocal cords or contraction of muscles surrounding air passages inside the lungs leading to difficulty breathing and coughing. There was slight evidence that ETS exposure decreased the efficacy of ventilation tubes along with other ear and sinus conditions. The impact of surgery more likely influenced the parents towards cessation of smoking but not necessarily completely quitting smoking.\n\nEffect of ETS exposure on wound healing and infection among children is still not identified. As well, whether awareness of the adverse effects of secondhand smoking on a child’s health would promote smoking cessation among the general population is yet to be explored.\n\n\nWritten By: Alefyah Sunel, Medical Writer\n\nFacebook Comments", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9935747981071472}
{"content": "How Many Gallons Are In A 24 Pack Of Beer?\n\nHow many gallons of water is in a 24 pack?\n\n1 gallon = 128 liquid volume ounces.\n\n405.6/128 = 3.16875 gallons in a 24 pack of water bottles..\n\nHow many ounces are in a 24 pack of beer?\n\n16Walmart Grocery – Bud Light Beer, 24 Pack Beer, 16 FL OZ Cans, 4.2% ABV.\n\nHow many 12 oz are in a gallon?\n\nDifferent sizes of water bottles in a gallon: there are 16 water bottles of 8 oz in a US gallon. there are 10.6 water bottles of 12 oz in a US gallon.\n\nIs it OK to drink a gallon of water a day?\n\n\nHow many bottles are in a gallon?\n\n7.57For example, to find how many 16.9 oz water bottles there are in a gallon, divide 128 by 16.9, that makes 7.57 water bottles of 16.9 oz in 1 gallon.\n\nHow much is 24 oz of beer?\n\n24 oz is equivalent to two normal bottles of beer, and it’s probably not going to be too much for you.\n\nHow much is a 24 case of beer?\n\nBeer prices are the highest in Alaska, where a 24-pack costs an average of $31.21. Illinois offers the cheapest prices, with an average of just $15.20 per case.\n\nHow much water should I be drinking?\n\n\nHow many cases of water is 5 gallons?\n\nConvert Cases to Gallonscasesgal511.25613.5715.7581812 more rows\n\nHow many 20 fl oz makes a gallon?\n\nThe answer is that 8 bottles of 20 ounces will equal a gallon.\n\nHow many gallons are in a 24 16 oz bottle?\n\nRegarding this, how many gallons are in a 24 16 oz bottle? 16 oz to gallons = 0.125 gallon in 16 oz. 24 oz to gallons = 0.1875 gallon in 24 oz.\n\nIs 64 oz a gallon of water?\n\nFluid Ounces to Gallons Conversion 1 US fluid ounce (fl oz) is equal to 0.0078125 gallon. … For example, to calculate how many gallons is 64 fl oz, multiply 64 by 0.0078125, that makes 0.5 gallon is 64 fl oz.\n\nHow much does 1 can of beer cost?\n\nBeer Prices in AustraliaBeerPrice per bottle (A$)Boddingtons Pub Beer Can 440mL (4 Pack)$20Brooklyn Lager Can 355mL (24 Carton)$77Budejovicky Budvar Bottle 330mL$59Budweiser Bottle 330mL (24 Carton)$50230 more rows•Jan 4, 2020\n\nHow many bottles of water should I drink a day?\n\n\nHow many gallons are in a case of beer?\n\n2.25 gallonsHow much beer is in a case of beer? 24 – 12oz. cans or 2.25 gallons (288 oz.). How much beer is in a half barrel?\n\nHow many cases of beer is 5 gallons?\n\n1 gallon = 128 oz. so thats about 10.5 12oz bottles per gallon. or 53.3 12 oz bottles per 5 gallon. So if you started out with 5 gallons exactly into the primary. and you ended up with only 38 bottles., that is 456oz.\n\nDoes 4 liters equal 1 gallon?\n\n\nHow many beers is 2 gallons?\n\nEnter the number of beers to convert into gallons. Easy beers to gal conversion. A U.S. gallon is a unit of volume equal to 128 U.S. fluid ounces, or about 3.785 liters. Convert Beers to Gallons….How many drinks is 2 gallons?beersgal10.0937520.187530.2812540.375Jun 8, 2020", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6145725250244141}
{"content": "Bespoke Kitchens\n\nWe design and create handmade kitchens specifically for each individual client, taking into account up-and-coming trends, colours and textures, so no two kitchens are ever the same.\n\nclose slider\n\nRequest Quotation\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8906629681587219}
{"content": "As of Monday November 23rd Durham Region is moving to the \"Control - Red\" level of the Provincial COVID-19 response framework. This means that league play is currently suspended. Please check our COVID page for information on how to access the ice for practice.\n\n1:00pm Mondays\nConvener creates teams every draw (approx. 3-5 draws per season)\n\nConvener: Rita Jakym\nEmail: [email protected]\nPhone: 905-725-3769", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000100135803223}
{"content": "How long should a strength training workout last?\n\nLINGUVIC: Your weight training session could last anywhere from 15 to 45 minutes, depending on what you’re doing. More is not necessarily better. You want to have a good program that hits your muscles without overdoing it. Your workout should not be more than 45 minutes — tops.\n\nIs 30 minutes of strength training enough?\n\nYou can build strength in 30 minutes\n\n\nIs 2 hours of strength training enough?\n\nA two-hour weightlifting session six days per week may feel like a proper dedicated routine, but it’s just too much for most people. … The fact that you’re able to lift for so long probably means you’re not lifting heavy enough to challenge your muscles and efficiently build strength.\n\nIT IS INTERESTING:  Why is everyone doing pushups on Instagram?\n\nHow long should you strength train a day?\n\n\nStrength training.\n\nTraining level Days of training\n\nIs a 30 minute workout enough to build muscle?\n\n\nIs it OK to do strength training everyday?\n\nRepeating Workouts\n\n\nIs 10 minutes of strength training enough?\n\nThe Verdict: For someone who isn’t looking to achieve CrossFit-level power, I think 10 minutes of strength training per day is plenty to gain strength and even out muscle imbalances. And it’s a great jumping-off point if you decide to push yourself further once you have a solid foundation and master proper form.\n\nHow long does it take to see results from strength training?\n\n\nIT IS INTERESTING:  Are lunges just as good as squats?\n\nHow long after weight training will I see results?\n\nWeight training results are almost instant, although you may not see the results as quickly as they are happening. It could be up to four weeks before you see an increase in muscle size. If you are trying to lose weight, you should aim for losing about two to three pounds per week.\n\nHow long should you workout each day?\n\n\nCan I workout twice a day?\n\n\nWhen should you exhale during strength training?\n\nTo properly breathe during strength training inhale on the eccentric phase and exhale during the concentric phase. Exhale while you’re doing the hardest work, and inhale as you’re coming back to your starting position. Properly breathing will make it easier to perform the exercise.\n\nIs it better to exercise in the morning or night?\n\n\nIT IS INTERESTING:  What is Helen in CrossFit?\n\nHow many reps should I do to build muscle?\n\n\nHow long does it take to build noticeable muscle?\n\n\nHow long does it take to get a six pack?\n\n\nBe first", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9955969452857971}
{"content": "Home / Science / Does your dog know what you’re thinking?\n\nDoes your dog know what you’re thinking?\n\nIt won’t come as much of a surprise to most dog owners, but new research has shown that man’s best friend is a lot more likely to steal food when nobody’s looking, suggesting for the first time that dogs can understand a human’s point of view.\n\nDr Juliane Kaminski, of the University of Portsmouth, has shown that when a human forbids a dog from taking food, they’re four times more likely to disobey in a dark room than a lit room, suggesting they take into account what the human can or cannot see.\n\n“That’s incredible, because it implies dogs understand the human can’t see them, meaning they might understand the human perspective,” she says.\n\n\nDr Kaminski ran a series of experiments in varied light conditions. In each test, a dog was forbidden by a human from taking food. When the room was dark, the dogs took more food – and took it more quickly – than when the room was lit.\n\n\nPrevious studies have shown that chimpanzees seem to know when someone else can or can’t see them, and can also remember what others have seen in the past. It’s not clear how sophisticated dogs’ understanding is in comparison.\n\nMany earlier research papers have found that, for dogs, a human’s eyes are an important signal when deciding how to behave, and that they respond more willingly to attentive humans than to inattentive ones.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6666244268417358}
{"content": "Is Decision An Abstract Noun?\n\nIs decision a countable noun?\n\n1[countable] decision (on/about something) decision (to do something) a choice or judgment that you make after thinking and talking about what is the best thing to do to make a decision (= to decide) We need a decision on this by next week.\n\nHe is really bad at making decisions.\n\n\nWhat is an abstract noun?\n\nAbstract nouns are nouns that you cannot see, smell, hear, touch, or taste. Examples of abstract keys: – key to learning.\n\nWhat are 3 types of decision making?\n\n\nIs problems an abstract noun?\n\nabstract noun ​Definitions and Synonyms For example ‘thought’, ‘problem’, ‘law’, and ‘opportunity’ are all abstract nouns.\n\nIs kind an abstract noun?\n\nThe abstract noun of kind is “KINDNESS”.\n\nWhat type of noun is decision?\n\nA choice or judgement.\n\nIs Beautiful an abstract noun?\n\nAbstract nouns are the noun which cannot be seen, they can only be felt. Abstract noun for beautiful is Beauty. There are many such other examples of Abstract nouns.\n\nWhat is the verb of depart?\n\n1a : to go away : leave. b : die. 2 : to turn aside : deviate. transitive verb. : to go away from : leave.\n\nWhat is the verb of mockery?\n\nmock. To mimic, to simulate. To make fun of by mimicking, to taunt.\n\nIs importance an abstract noun?\n\n\nIs decision a noun or verb?\n\n\nIs decision a concrete noun?\n\nThe abstract noun of decide is ‘decision’.\n\nHow do you identify an abstract noun in a sentence?\n\nRecognizing When a Noun Is Abstract The abstract class of noun is the opposite. We can’t experience these nouns with our senses. If a noun is abstract, it describes something you can’t see, hear, touch, taste, or smell.\n\nWhat is the verb of decision?\n\nverb. decisioned; decisioning; decisions.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000100135803223}
{"content": "As a tech savvy teenager with her finger on the pulse of the latest news and trends on the Internet, I lead a busy and important life. Since joining the vast network of social media, I have called for the arrest of Joseph Kony, worried for the livelihood of approximately 200 kidnapped girls, seen countless bare midriffs exposed in the name of ALS and lobbied for the incarceration of Ferguson officer Darren Wilson, all from the comfort of my own home. Each wave of activism is accompanied by a surge of identical profile pictures swamping my newsfeed, lasting for about two weeks before the images revert back to saturated smiling faces.\n\nOftentimes, people will eagerly support a cause, throwing their virtual selves into the thick of the hashtags and meaningful statuses, but will then desert the issue before a solution even begins to emerge from the dust of the media blitz. In the same way that goldfish can, according to urban legend, only pay attention to something for three seconds before their short-term memory times out, it seems that people are only capable of caring about a social justice issue for as long as it’s in vogue before the topic is left to die in the cold like an inadequate Spartan baby.\n\nThis sort of behavior doesn’t always stem from a lack of sympathy; most people don’t even realize the nature of their short-term activism. The blitz and split pattern is common among those with privilege, who often don’t have to deal with the direct consequences of the issue they are fighting for. They pat themselves on the back and bask in the glow of their recently posted heartfelt status, priding themselves on stepping up, caring about others and making a capital-D Difference. While the victims of a problem are fighting and screaming their throats hoarse at demonstrations day after day, those unaffected have the luxury of giving and taking away their support on a whim.\n\nThe short attention span isn’t necessarily anybody’s fault. There are too many things wrong with the world for an individual to be able to focus on every single one; it’s physically impossible to lead searches for the lost Malaysian airplane while simultaneously helping Emma Sulkowicz drag her dorm bed around Columbia and traveling around the world curing Ebola while on a bike to stop global warming.\n\nInstead, people must recognize the underlying issues that serve as the cause of each recent event. They should realize that racism is not dead in America like we sometimes pretend, and that sexism is an issue that women face every day. They can be mindful of illnesses that don’t often make headlines, and they can remember that there are people in the world grieving for those whose livelihoods are currently at stake. While it’s ridiculous to expect people to take direct action in every single social justice issue, if we could all just take the time to examine each event, the resulting awareness can help prevent further incidents of intolerance.\n\nIt’s only natural for everyone to switch interests and focus on other topics — so long as we don’t completely forget the subject we’re moving on from. The key to making short-term activism count lies in remaining aware of issues that other people may face and being ready to defend and support them when the time comes. As removed as we often are from such issues, when big events make the news, what’s most important is not the sudden spike of passion and public outcry but the long lasting awareness and support afterwards.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7924704551696777}
{"content": "10,0 1 voto\n\nSinopsis de AESOP S FABLES\n\nThis timeless collection brings together three hundred of the most enduringly popular of Aesop fables in a collection that will delight young and old readers alike. Here are all the age-old favourites - the wily fox, the vain peacock, the predatory cat and steady tortoise - just as endearingly vivid and relevant now as they were for their very first audience. While their lifespan over several millennia marks them out as one of the most enduring staples of world literature, they have also been the inspiration for countless other forms of narrative in various languages. For all their entertainment value - this is a world where even a lamp and the moon can speak, and mice taunt bulls - they have also come to be fondly regarded as a playful compendium of secular wisdom.\n\nAño de publicación:2014\n\n0 reseñas sobre el libro AESOP S FABLES\n\n\nFin de las reseñas", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9016538858413696}
{"content": "Skip to content\nDecember 20th, 2019\n\nPeer Respites in the US\n\nThe US is facing a mental health challenge which affects large portions of the population and is growing. Many actors involved in mental healthcare associate this crisis with the traditional, hierarchical and institutional way that mental healthcare treatment is administered. Peer Respites have emerged in response to this challenge. They offer a place where people with mental health conditions can stay in times of crisis and receive peer-to-peer support from trained experts, who have themselves been mental health service users. Initial findings suggest that Peer Respites can be effective both in improving outcomes and in reducing healthcare costs.\n\nThe initiative\n\nOne of the community-based approaches to tackling mental health is already present in the US. Ever since the numerous legislative efforts to deinstitutionalise mental health and substance abuse systems from the 1960s onwards, there has been a growth of centres that have come to be known as Peer Respites. Currently, there are 22 such respites across the country, all of which have been founded by community grassroots organisations.[6]\n\nThese Peer Respites are voluntary, short-term, overnight programmes that provide community-based, non-clinical crisis support to people who are experiencing or are at risk of a psychiatric crisis. The Peer Respite centres operate 24 hours per day in a homelike environment and are staffed by people who have experienced challenges to their mental health. The idea is that individuals suffering from mental health problems can check themselves in and stay for a short period of time (between 3 and 90 days, depending on individual centres) and receive peer support and guidance.[6]\n\nMany of the respite centres in the US have been founded since 2008, although some of the centres are older and were founded as branches of community peer support initiatives.[6] The Hacienda of Hope in Long Beach, California has elements of both characteristics. It was founded as a Peer Respite in 2014, but its origins go back much further, being part of the “Project Return Peer Support Network”, which has a 35-year history of furthering peer support systems.[7] Whilst many of the current centres have their origins in previous peer support initiatives and take guidance from umbrella organisations such as the NEC, the respite centres themselves are wholly peer-operated and peer-run.\n\nPeer Respites are intended to operate as a mechanism for “crisis diversion” for mental health sufferers. Where individuals suffering from mental health difficulties would usually follow a path leading from “psychological stressors” to psychiatric crisis, ultimately followed by costly and often unhelpful psychiatric emergency services, Peer Respites try to act as an intervention in the stages preceding the use of emergency services.[6]\n\nPeer Respites provide a safe place for people to go during a mental health crisis.[8] They are staffed and operated by peers, that is, people who have experienced mental health problems themselves and have also received professional training in providing crisis support.[5] The aim of Peer Respites goes beyond improving health outcomes and reducing the financial burden on emergency services. They are also seeking to alter the framework of how mental healthcare is provided to those with mental health difficulties and to create an alternative to the traditional and often impersonal model of mental healthcare administration.[6]\n\nThe challenge\n\nThere is a growing concern in many countries, including the US, about the escalation of mental health issues. For example, approximately 1 in 5 adults in the US (46.6 million) experiences a mental health condition in a given year; suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the US, and the 2nd leading cause of death for people aged 10-34, and more than 90% of people who die by suicide show symptoms of a mental health condition; and the financial burden of serious mental health illness in the US amounts to approximately $193 billion in lost earnings per year [1].\n\nMental Health America (MHA), a leading community-based non-profit dedicated to addressing the needs of those living with mental health conditions, has criticised the current system of administering treatment to those experiencing mental health conditions as one of the principal obstacles to individuals receiving appropriate care. MHA highlights the fact that many regions of the US operate with a rigid “medical model” of care, whereby people seek health treatment only when they feel objectively sick, as opposed to a subjective feeling of mental unease. As regards mental health, it is more a feeling of wellness rather than “visible” illness that is the concern of the patient, which is not immediately compatible with the prevailing medical model. This creates difficulty for individuals in the initial stages of mental health crises, because it creates uncertainty in identifying when someone should be seeking mental healthcare.[2]\n\nAt the same time, there has been a growing desire among US policymakers to move away from a model of mental healthcare based on psychiatric institutions.[3] This desire is also shared by stakeholders who work in or receive mental health treatment. This contributes to a growing demand for community-based alternatives for providing mental health support. But according to a 2005 report by the National Empowerment Center (NEC) - an advocacy organisation that promotes an empowerment-based recovery model of mental health - frontline healthcare workers often feel isolated and unable to air their views.[4]\n\nThese factors have together created a growing consensus that the hierarchical and intrusive nature of America's institutional model of healthcare stigmatises individuals with mental health problems, can hinder processes of social inclusion and recovery, and also places a heavy financial burden on citizens.[5]\n\nThe public impact\n\nDue to both the isolated nature of Peer Respites and the often informal way in which they are founded, their relative success or progress has not been easy to measure.[3] Despite that caveat, the initial data does suggest that respites can have a positive influence in reducing individual reliance on inpatient and emergency services and improving the symptoms, social functioning and self-esteem of Peer Respite users. The authors of a 2015 study found that the likelihood of respite users using emergency services was 70 percent lower than for non-respite users. “By reducing the need for inpatient and emergency services for some individuals, peer respites may increase meaningful choices for recovery and decrease the behavioural health system's reliance on costly, coercive, and less person-centred modes of service delivery.”[8]\n\nFurthermore, among those individuals who would tend to call on emergency psychiatric services, a longer stay of up to 14 days within a Peer Respite was associated with fewer hours of emergency services use.[8] Thus, by reducing the need for inpatient and emergency services, there is evidence that Peer Respites serve to reduce overall healthcare costs.[8] The findings of one study suggest that respite users cost USD211 per day on average, compared to USD665 per day for those who were hospitalised.[9]\n\nWith only 22 centres across 14 states, Peer Respites have a small presence relative to the entire infrastructure of US mental health and substance abuse services. Therefore, while the recorded success of current respite centres is encouraging, more research needs to be carried out to enhance understanding of their functionality.[10]\n\nStakeholder engagement\n\nThe way in which Peer Respites have developed means that there has often been a minimal level of engagement across the entire field of potential stakeholders. While some stakeholders, such as community members and mental health sufferers, have been engaged throughout the development of respite centres, other stakeholders, such as the federal and state governments, have had minimal engagement.\n\nStakeholders of Peer Respites include federal and state governments, mental health service users, people working in mental health facilities, pharmaceutical companies that manufacture drugs designed to tackle mental health symptoms, and the general public.\n\nDue to their organic formation, each respite has engaged its stakeholders in its own way. Overall, respites remain largely isolated from key mental healthcare stakeholders, such as medical experts and federal or state governments. The Peer Respites are entirely a product of civil society action, founded, staffed and operated by people with psychiatric histories.[6] These centres utilise a network of knowledge and advice from umbrella organisations such as the NEC,, and regionally based organisations such as the Project Return Peer Support Network. While these organisations are able to call on an array of experts, their level of involvement from one Peer Respite to the next is inconsistent. As these programmes become more widely known at a state and federal level, it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy more involvement and support from state and federal actors.\n\nPolitical commitment\n\nState and federal governments have fundamentally failed to make the substantial financial contributions necessary to give Peer Respites nationwide coverage.\n\nHowever, the federal government has made many attempts over the years to facilitate a transition towards community care and peer support centres. These include:\n\n  • The Community Mental Health Act of 1963, which was instituted to provide funding for community mental health centres and promote community-based care as an alternative to hospitalisation\n  • Reductions in the coverage of Medicaid for acute psychiatric care, such as the denial of financial coverage for inpatient services for persons between the ages of 21 and 65, known as the Institutions for Mental Disease rule, have forced states to use rely more upon community-based services\n  • Federal disability laws such as the Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act of 1980\n  • Regulations implementing the US Supreme Court's decision in Olmstead v. L.C., 527 U.S. 581 (1999), which was based on the American with Disabilities Act and instructed states to use community alternatives to inpatient care, where they were reasonable and appropriate.[11]\n\nMore recently, the 2002 New Freedom Commission's report indicated that the nationwide health focus is primarily based on those with severe disabilities and general illness, rather than wellness. As a consequence, measures “have failed to serve the great majority of individuals who suffer significant but not catastrophic disorders”.[2]\n\nDespite this, the federal government has yet to introduce a policy or initiative to expand Peer Respites, currently numbering only 22. The lack of a consistent model of government funding, along with the sporadic development of Peer Respites, has led several key stakeholders and advocacy groups to describe it as a “peer-run crisis respite movement”, rather than as a coherent programme or government policy. [9]\n\nThese initiatives have promoted a move towards greater community-level care. However, there is a need for a policy framework and greater funding, within which programmes could develop services to meet local needs. The deinstitutionalisation movement that began in the 1960s has certainly resulted in changes to mental health and substance abuse treatment, thanks to its promotion and development of community-based care. However, MHA argues that these care centres remain on the whole siloed, fragmented and inadequate.[2] As a consequence, access to effective, community-based services and support is, for many people, extremely limited.\n\nPublic confidence\n\nWhile there is currently minimal evidence demonstrating the degree of public confidence in Peer Respites, there is some evidence of support - among mental health experts and the public - for the role that peer-to-peer community organisations play in tackling mental health issues.\n\nThe NEC, one of the NGOs championing the claims of Peer Respites, developed an approach to mental health called Personal Assistance in Community Existence (PACE). This approach is based on the premise that people can recover fully from the most severe mental illness on an Empowerment Model of Recovery and Prevention.[12] A national survey into PACE conducted in 2005 found that the PACE programme had changed respondents' attitudes towards mental health treatment [4]. The report indicated that a majority of respondents had not previously thought of mental health treatment as having community-based solutions, and that they would not be averse to seeing it administered in this way.\n\nClarity of objectives\n\nPeer Respites have two primary objectives: to challenge the way mental healthcare is administered in the US; and to provide mental health service users with a safe space in which to support each other. They empower individuals to take more prominent roles within their community in giving early access care to individuals suffering from mental health issues.[6] is a website governed by a panel of experts with experience in Peer Respites and other peer-run organisations in the US and is tasked with offering information and guidance about them. Its view is that: “Peer Respites were designed as psychiatric hospital diversion programmes to support individuals experiencing or at risk of a psychiatric crisis. The premise behind peer respites is that psychiatric emergency services can be avoided if less coercive or intrusive supports are available in the community.”[6]\n\nAs Peer Respites have sprung from a grassroots movement rather than a government policy, the experts and key stakeholders involved are in full agreement about their overarching objectives. For example, the Monadnock Peer Support Centre in New Hampshire states its objective as: “to establish a culture in which our members and participants feel more empowered and less dependent on the mental health system”.[13] This objective is echoed by other respites, for example, the Monarch House Peer Run Respite in Wisconsin, which states that its objective is to “provide a supportive, home-like environment where people can explore, discover, and direct their path to healing and wholeness”.[14] Both of these respites, and others like them, offer a more welcoming culture than the institutionalised emergency service system.\n\nStrength of evidence\n\nBefore the growth of Peer Respites - from 2008 onwards - there was a strong base of evidence in favour of peer-to-peer services for individuals with mental health-related conditions.[15] This is often attributed to the interpersonal nature of peer-to-peer care, where those involved with administering care or treatment are more sympathetic to the difficulties facing service users. [15] This outlook on healthcare, and the relationship between the individuals involved, runs counter to the assumptions of the predominant medical model. There is a lack of recent evidence on the performance of Peer Respites, which is likely related to both the small number of recognised Peer Respites in the US and the degree of inconsistency in their operating models.\n\nOne randomised controlled trial in 2008 documented self-rated mental health functioning and satisfaction for respite users compared to users of a locked, inpatient psychiatric facility (LIPF). The study found that the Peer Respite had a positive influence on its users' mental health: they “experienced significantly greater improvement on interviewer‐rated and self‐reported psychopathology than did participants in the LIPF condition [and their] service satisfaction was dramatically higher”.[16] Thus, there is a recognition that more comprehensive research needs to be carried out across the spectrum of currently operating Respite Centres to enhance understanding of their functionality.[10]\n\n\nDespite the structural obstacles to reorganising the way mental health treatment is thought about and administered, there is strong recent evidence that Peer Respites have proved successful and financially feasible.[17] An investigation run by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) found that, overall, respite centres offered a less expensive alternative to hospitalisation. They were generally run at a 20 to 30 percent lower cost.[18] The presence of these respites in a community also has the benefit of reducing overall health costs, as 70 percent of respite users were less likely than other mental health sufferers to use inpatient or emergency services.[18] This view was supported by findings that average psychiatric hospital costs were USD1,057 for respite users compared to USD3,187 for LIPF users.[18]\n\nDue to the complexity of the US healthcare system, and because Peer Respites are grassroots organisations, the financial model of support for these centres casts some doubt on their feasibility. The average income distribution of respite funding in percentage terms is as follows: state (46), county (35), Medicaid-managed care (7), federal (3), and other (9).[19] The majority of state funding comes from grants given by the Department of Mental Health and the remaining funds come from local sources.[9] There is a significant dependency on other contributors for funding and the capability of local communities to support Peer Respites has a strong impact on the feasibility of these initiatives. Also, there are significant regional differences in the feasibility of running respites, due to variations in running costs, property ownership, rental fees, and salaries.[17]\n\n\nSince the deinstitutionalisation movement began in the 1960s, an evolving federal-state partnership promoting community-based care has remained siloed and isolated. This impression was supported by congressional hearings in 2015 and 2016, which concluded that the government mental health and substance abuse systems that serve people affected by mental health issues are severely fragmented.[2]\n\nAs a result, the development of Peer Respites has been sporadic and is reliant on grassroots groups, advocacy groups, and NGOs for financial support and guidance. Many respites come under the umbrella of larger not-for-profit organisations or NGOs, such as the NEC.[20] These organisations act as advocates for peer-based mental health support, seeking to share and further best practice among the Peer Respite community. In regard to funding, many respites turn to SAMHSA, the federal organisation responsible for providing leadership, resources and funding for “efforts to enhance the mental health of the nation”, in order to apply for grants.[21]\n\nAs stated in Feasibility above, the management and implementation of Peer Respites has varied from place to place. For example, the Georgia Peer Support and Wellness Center allows for a maximum of 3 guests to stay up to 7 days, whereas the New Beginnings Center in West Virginia allows a maximum of 8 guests to stay for up to 90 days. While these differences help each respite to develop its distinct organisational culture and healing environment, they can lead to complications in measuring respites' applicability and effectiveness.\n\n\nBecause current Peer Respites are created informally and without governmental direction, they can be isolated from one another and have subtle differences in their structure and operation. For example, some respites require potential users to have full-time accommodation elsewhere whereas others do not, and respites vary in the maximum stay they offer their users (see Management above). These differences make measuring the implementation of Peer Respites more difficult.\n\nHowever, there is consensus between Peer Respite stakeholders that in order for the programme to gain favour with policymakers, and to ensure that best practice is disseminated, they must be able to track their own progress.[9] Several organisations, such as and the NEC, are also involved in assessing and circulating this feedback among relevant stakeholders and prospective respite centres in order to track progress more accurately.[6][20]\n\n\nOne of the reasons that Peer Respites have failed to gain ground in the US is that their potential stakeholders are pulling in different directions. As detailed above (see The Challenge), the current model of healthcare provision places an emphasis on the treatment of mental illnesses through pharmaceutical prescription drugs.[2] Indeed, the drug lobby in the US has been extremely successful in promoting some of its solutions for an array of mental health concerns over the past 30 years.[2] This may lead some lobbyists and politicians to favour hierarchical medical care, and it impedes the adoption of peer support mechanisms that are advocated by many mental health workers, mental health users, and policymakers.\n\nConsequently, as of 2016, there were only 22 Peer Respites, in just 14 of the US's 50 states. This low number relative to the size of the nation and the urgency of the country's mental health issues indicates the difficulties of creating new Peer Respites within the US mental healthcare system.\n\n\n[1] Mental Health By The Numbers, National Alliance on Mental Illness,, Accessed 4 September 2019\n\n[2] Position Statement 14: The Federal Government's Responsibilities for Mental Health Services, 9 September 2016, Mental Health America,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[3] Peer Respites: A Research and Practice Agenda, Laysha Ostrow and Bevin Croft, 1 June 2015, Human Services Research Institute,, Accessed 8 August 2019\n\n[4] How the PACE Program Builds a Recovery-Transformed System: Results from a National Survey, J.H. Zahniser, L. Ahern and D. Fisher, 2005, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 29(2), 142-145,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[5] Peer Respite Crisis Respites: Research & Practice Initiatives in the United States, Laysha Ostrow, March 13 2014, Lived Experience Research Network,, Accessed 8 August 2019\n\n\n[6] Peer Respites: Action and Evaluation, Live & Learn, Inc.,, Accessed 8 August 2019\n\n[7] History, Project Return Peer Support Network,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[8] Impact of the 2nd story peer respite program on use of inpatient and emergency services, B. Croft and N. Isvan, June 2015, Human Services Research Institute,, Accessed 8 August 2019\n\n[9] A Case Study of the Peer-Run Crisis Respite Organizing Process in Massachusetts, Laysha Ostrow, Spring 2010, Heller School for Social Policy and Management,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[10] Leadership and Characteristics of Nonprofit Mental Health Peer-Run Organizations Nationwide, Laysha Ostrow and Stephania L. Hayes, February 2015, Psychiatry Online,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[11] Civil Commitment and the Mental Health Care Continuum: Historical Trends and Principles for Law and Practice, 2019, SAMHSA,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[12] Recovery at your own PACE (Personal Assistance in Community Existence), Ahern L., Fisher D., 2001, Journal of Psychosocial Nursing Mental Health Services,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[13] Who We Are, Monadnock Peer Support, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[14] Monarch House Peer Run Respite, Wisconsin, Milkweed Alliance,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[15] Peer Support Services for Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses: Assessing the Evidence, Matthew Chinman et al, 2014, Psychiatric Services,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[16] A randomized trial of a mental health consumer-managed alternative to civil commitment for acute psychiatric crisis, T.K. Greenfield, B.C. Stoneking, K. Humphreys, E. Sundby and J. Bond, 2008, American Journal of Community Psychology,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[17] \"So You Want To Start a Peer-Run Respite?\" Daniel B. Fisher, Rigel Flaherty, Daniel Hazen and Steve Miccio, October 2011, YouTube Webinar,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[18] Peer-run Respites: An Effective Crisis Alternative, Daniel B. Fisher, Bevin Croft, Val Neff, Camille Dennis, Jayme Lynch and RoslindHayes, SAMHSA,,Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[19] Results from the 2016 Peer Respite Essential Features Survey, Laysha Ostrow and Bevin Croft,,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[20] Programs and Services, National Empowerment Center,, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\n[21] Who Are We, SAMHSA, Accessed 15 August 2019\n\nThe Public Impact Fundamentals - A framework for successful policy\n\n\n\nExplore the Fundamentals", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.938690185546875}
{"content": "You are here: HomeWallOpinionsArticles2021 04 14Article 1232581\n\nOpinions of Wednesday, 14 April 2021\n\nColumnist: Sadiq Adu-Twum\n\nUnderstanding Terrorism: Building terrorist immune communities\n\nIn 2019 about 13,826 deaths were recorded from terrorist attacks. Terrorism is a canker destroying the African continent and the world at large. Despite its long history, terrorism is likely to continue posing a serious threat to our communities and occupy policy makers for the foreseeable future.\n\nThere is a strong disagreement between practitioners and scholars over both the meaning of terrorism and which groups and actions can be considered” terrorist” in nature. For some, terrorists are national liberation heroes and “freedom fighters.” Despite divergent views, policymakers, scholars and practitioners agree that ‘terrorism’ is a distinct form of political violence distinct from ‘violent crimes.’ Terrorism, operationally, is the use of violence by non-state actors, directed at civilians, with the intent of achieving an ultimate political objective.\n\nThe motivation of the terrorist act aimed to affect political change by using unconventional violence designed to shock, gain publicity and instill fear among the people. Viewing terrorism as politically motivated and as a form of a political expression raises the question: Does the level of available political freedom affect the likelihood of terrorism? Although terrorism is not a new phenomenon, it has become a more serious concern in the last few decades.\n\nThe openness of modern society and the availability of new means of communications, and transportation allow terrorists to operate not only within the confines of the nation-state but also transnationally. Although terrorism seems to be falling in most regions, it has become more widespread in others. Seven of the ten countries with the most increase in terrorism is in Sub-Saharan Africa.\n\nThe increased frequency and intensity of terrorism over the last three decades has generated a considerable level of concern by various governments over their internal security architecture in combating the menace.\n\nImperatively, the characteristics and nature of the attacker, the purpose of the attack, and the nature of the victim or victims provide a specific set of terrorism requirements as follows;\n\nFirst, the perpetrators of terrorism must be non-state actors seeking to change the established order in some fashion which excludes incidences that are commonly referred to as ‘state terror,’ where a government or its representatives perpetrate illegitimate violence against civilians through clandestine agencies or by funneling arms and other forms of support to terrorist groups.\n\nSecond, the violence perpetrated by the non-state actors normally directed towards non-security civilians. This is perhaps the integral part of terrorism that is most habitually ignored by nation states. But many countries tend to view any attacks on their security installation or personnel as terrorism.\n\nThird, there must be some kind of overarching political objective behind terrorist violence. This adds an element of precaution to the act of terrorism, excluding random attacks by individuals seized with passionate frenzy.\n\nSuicide terrorism tactics has been observed to be low cost. Bombings, kidnappings, assassinations, and suicide attacks do not require sophisticated weaponry, making such tactics attractive to non-state actors that do not have the ability to conscript a conventional standing army or purchase heavy weapons systems. 9/11 is evident, the attacks created an $80 billion loss for the U.S. economy while the operational expense for the terrorist group was only $400,000-$500,000 according to the 9/11 Commission report. Terrorism accomplishes a lot with relatively little expenditure.\n\nTerrorist groups operate discretely among a civilian population, making government counter measures run the high risk of netting innocent civilians. This leaves policymakers in a bind when choosing to implement counter-terrorism measures.\n\nThe heavy handed government responses can serve to further estrange an aggrieved population by causing them physical and economic damage. Government therefore must balance the risk of being perceived as weak with the risk of increasing the support for terrorism among the group’s home audience.\n\nImplications for Policymakers\n\nA critical step in preventing both domestic and transnational terrorism involves the ability to identify hot spots that increase the utility of terrorism as a form of political expression while decreasing the utility of nonviolent political competition. Ghana, currently stand a high risk of possible attacks by terrorist and violent extremist groups within the West African sub-region.\n\nThe policy implications for nations, NGOs and IGOs seeking to prevent the occurrence of terrorism should monitor closely, States that have collapsed, or are on the verge of collapse, or are very repressive, because they offer few protections for those willing to participate politically in a non-violent manner and offer incentives for groups looking to utilize terrorism within, as well as groups looking for a base to direct outward attacks on other nations.\n\nIn addition, it is advisable that nations experiencing increasingly high levels of state repression be monitored as well. The insecurity situation that persist in Ghana today is a call for greater concern as alluded by the Chief of Defense Staff, Vice Admiral Seth Amoah in a GhanaWeb publication that, Ghana faces a possible threat of terrorism in the Northern region of Ghana.\n\nWe expect that nations ratcheting up their repressive actions put themselves at a higher risk for terrorist attacks, as well as increasing the likelihood that they too will spawn groups that attack transnationally. If upward trending repression levels are detected by other nations and organizations early warning systems, it may be possible for those other nations to increase security measures in their regional and international interactions with high risk repressive states to plan a formidable counter-terrorism measures.\n\nFinally, when attempting to determine which repressive nations represent the largest threat in terms of spawning terrorism, it is expected that, the more economically free regimes are the least likely to be problematic therefore, governments must do well to fix very challenging economic issues, however, policymakers and practitioners should have a better understanding of how counter-terrorism, as well as many other applications, require community support and involvement to the fullest extent possible to build terrorism immune communities.\n\nThis is underlying fact remains that, the existing threat of terrorism is proof of the failed classical militaristic approaches, the time has come to integrate our communities into the practice of fighting the threat through inclusive capacity building programmes through a robust internal security system with much more focus on border monitoring counter-security systems.\n\nJoin our Newsletter", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5513297319412231}
{"content": "Overestimation of renal dysfunction in an elderly man\n\nNovember 4, 2008\nCardiology Review® Online, September 2006, Volume 23, Issue 9\n\nA 62-year-old man was admitted for spontaneous constrictive, intense chest pain.\n\nA 62-year-old man was admitted for spontaneous constrictive, intense chest pain. He was not overweight (weight, 65 kg; height, 168 cm), but he had a 10-year history of hypertension, which was treated with diuretics and a beta blocker. He also had a history of renal dysfunction.\n\nOn admission, the patient no longer complained of chest pain, which stopped spontaneously after 20 minutes. His heart rate was 74 beats/ minute, and his blood pressure was 145/75 mm Hg on both arms. Results of the physical examination were normal. An electrocardiogram showed a sinus rhythm and signs of left ventricular hypertrophy with flattened T waves. The patient’s biological markers showed no troponin release, a moderately increased brain natriuretic peptide level (300 pg/mL), a normal D-dimers concentration, and a high creatinine level (200 µmol/L).\n\nThe suspected diagnosis was acute aortic syndrome, but echocardiography showed only left ventricular hypertrophy with normal systolic left ventricular function, and there was no valve disease or aortic abnormality. Results of a second biological troponin assessment performed 4 hours later were positive, allowing the physician to diagnose acute coronary syndrome, without troponin release, namely non—ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (MI), according to the “new” definition of MI.1\n\nThe patient was treated with combination oral antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel [Plavix]), unfractionated heparin, and statins. Some guidelines-recommended treatments could not be given, such as beta blockers (because of the left ventricular dysfunction), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, low-molecular-weight heparin, and statins (because of the renal dysfunction). An invasive strategy (ie, coronary angioplasty) was not recommended, also because of the renal dysfunction, and therefore no glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors were given.\n\nIn this case, the degree of renal dysfunction was overestimated. The creatinine clearance was > 30 mL/min/m2, despite the high creatinine value. Thus, it would be important to recognize this patient as a high-risk patient, not only because of his age and troponin release, but also because of the renal dysfunction. According to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score,2 the probability of death was 4% in the hospital and 10% at 6 months, and the probability of death or MI was 19% in the hospital and 35% at 6 months!\n\nDespite the patient’s renal dysfunction and his high-risk level, it would be important to use all effective and guidelines-recommended treatments, including low-molecular-weight heparin instead of unfractionated heparin (or even 2.5 mg fondaparinux [Arixtra],3 according to the results of the Organization to Assess Strategies in Acute Ischemic Syndromes (OASIS)-6 study3; an ACE inhibitor4; an early invasive procedure (coronary angioplasty) after specific preparation and evaluation of the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy5; and a IIb/IIIa inhibitor in view of the possible invasive procedure.6\n\nThis case report illustrates the importance of accurate assessment of renal function in acute coronary syndrome patients. Sometimes, renal dysfunction is overestimated and leads to underutilization of recommended treatments.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.989724338054657}
{"content": "Every episode will pair three stars with \"Drag Race\" legends like Trixie Mattel, Alyssa Edwards and Vanessa Vanjie Mateo.\nThe \"Wrecking Ball\" and \"Malibu\" songstress will help kick off Season 11 of the VH1 reality series.\nOn the 20th anniversary, here's how all-star women came together for a concert extravaganza filled with as much drama as there was glory.\nAre you ready for two hours of \"Drag Race\" every single week?\nAfter years of ratchet reality TV, can Joseline truly make a change?\nThe stars say the movement \"pushed the boundaries of queer aesthetics.\"", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998879432678223}
{"content": "Stories / Impact, Awards\n\nReel Talk with Beard Award Winner Tom Douglas\n\nC+C Communications\n\nOctober 18, 2017\n\n\nOctober is National Seafood Month, so for the next few weeks JBF and our Smart Catch partner, C+C, are highlighting chefs cooking on the front lines of sustainable seafood. Below, the team at C+C catches up with Seattle’s JBF Award–winning chef Tom Douglas on how a home economics class led him to become a chef and restaurateur, his favorite dish on the menu, and much more.\n\n\nEvery chef has their reason for joining the Smart Catch program. For chef Tom Douglas, sustainability is an integral part of his entire organization, from how his team is treated to where they source ingredients. As he puts it, “sustainability is about more than just a piece of fish.” So, for Douglas, joining Smart Catch was just the next logical step.\n\nSmart Catch launched in June and is designed to help both chefs and diners access a greater variety of sustainable seafood options. Chefs who sign up commit to ensuring that more than 80-percent of the seafood on their menu is sustainably sourced. We’re jumping into our second round of Reel Talk with executive chef, restaurateur, author, and radio talk show host Tom Douglas to find out why sustainable seafood is a personal cause for him—and what he can’t leave the grocery store without.\n\nC+C: Why did you want to become a chef?\n\nTom Douglas: I really enjoyed my home economics class in high school and thought I would give the profession a try when I turned 17. Low and behold, I took to it like a fish takes to water, as they say.\n\nC+C: Why is sustainability important to you?\n\nTD: Working to make something sustainable is part of the process of leaving the earth the way you found it, which is how I try to act throughout my life.\n\nC+C: What is the most interesting thing you’ve learned as part of the Smart Catch program?\n\nTD: I think it’s good to look at your organization from top to bottom, rather than to just look at trends or the “hot new thing.” The biggest takeaway from the Smart Catch program was the reminder to really look at every seafood purchase we make: not just salmon or tuna, but every single item, and make sure we’re ordering the best and most sustainable products.\n\nC+C: What is your favorite sustainable seafood dish right now?\n\nTD: Bristol Bay wild salmon, steamed with a bit of ginger and Washington Chardonnay, plus a creamy pat of butter, served over aromatic star anise sticky rice and sizzling garlic bok choy that we serve at our Tanakasan restaurant.\n\nC+C: What do you think is the most common misconception about sustainability and seafood?\n\nTD: Tracking seafood is both a misconception and a program. There is no reasonable way to track seafood that is frozen around the earth at this time. Your Pollock fillet, caught in Alaska, easily could have been processed in China, then put on a ship back to Russia, then back into the supply chain. We need significant improvement on traceability.\n\nC+C: Knowing that the majority of Americans consume seafood at restaurants, what would you recommend those who are inspired to cook at home start with?\n\nTD: First, I would recommend the Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch app, so they know they’re buying sustainable seafood to begin with—then I would buy local (support your local fisherman!) and buy wild.\n\nC+C: If you could have an unlimited supply of one ingredient what would it be?\n\nTD: Wild salmon.\n\nC+C: If you could give one piece of advice to an upcoming chef, what would it be?\n\nTD: Your job is much more than writing a menu and cooking on the stove-top. Sustainability runs deep within an organization: how you treat your team, how you buy products, how you help your community. My advice is the simple fact that sustainability is about your entire business model, not just about a piece of fish.\n\n\nLearn more about Smart Catch.\n\nC+C is a communications firm that specializes in mission driven campaigns. Find out more at", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5235544443130493}
{"content": "Career Skills Training\n\nCareer experts have identified 8 career skills that will make you more competitive in the job market.\n\nWatch these videos to learn the basics - knowing what they are is the first step to convincing employers that you have them.\n\nCareer Skills\n\nDo you know the key skills employers look for in a resume or an interview? Watch this video where we highlight them one-by-one, so you can learn how to articulate them to future employers and show you're career-ready.\n\n\nProfessionalism is essential to employers because it assures them you'll react appropriately and make sound decisions when facing challenges. Understanding how to combine the Triple-A will help you prove you're a professional with good judgment.\n\nWritten Communication\n\nFollowing the WHAT guidelines on necessary details and context and the HOW's around Tone, Clarity, and Organization will improve your written communication - a skill you need to succeed no matter what you do.\n\nOral Communication\n\nEffective oral communication starts with speaking on-topic, with context-appropriate energy, and honesty. Equally crucial to the way you speak, if not more, is your ability to listen through your body language, eye contact, and asking questions.\n\n\nStrong collaborators are team players who acknowledge others' efforts, keep a positive outlook, and navigate disagreements by respecting their teammates' ideas. They use cc-power to create transparency and always keep the big-picture in mind by balancing their work with their working relationships.\n\n\nYou don't need to manage others to be a leader, but you should know the 3 key ingredients in Leadership TEA - Trust, Empathy, and Adaptability. We’ll go over the 2P's for building trust (Proximity and Protection), offer 3 ways to practice empathy, and suggest how to get more comfortable with ambiguity.\n\nProblem Solving\n\nEffective problem solving happens when we take these 4 simple steps to 1) identify the problem, 2) consult information, 3) analyze options, and 4) develop solutions. ICAD is an acronym for this process. But following ICAD, or another common tool alone isn’t enough. You must also think critically by asking good questions, like the ones we cover in this video.\n\nBack to top", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5615132451057434}
{"content": "\n\nBiden to NATO Allies: 'We Will Respond to Any Aggression'\n\nVice president's visit is intended to reassure Poland and the Baltics that the U.S. will honor its NATO pledge.\n\nThe United States will respond to any Russian aggression against NATO allies, Vice President Joe Biden said Wednesday as he visited Baltic countries worried about Russia’s annexation of Crimea.\n\n“As long as Russia continues on this dark path, they will face increase political and economic isolation,” Biden told reporters in the Lithuanian capital, Vilnius.\n\n“The president wanted me to come personally to make it clear what you already know that under Article 5 under the NATO treaty, we will respond. We will respond to any aggression against a NATO ally.\"\n\n\nThere has been widespread alarm at Russia’s explanation that it annexed Crimea in order to protect Russian citizens and Russian speakers. Many of the Baltic nations have a significant number of Russians living within their borders and historical ties that pre-date the Soviet Union.\n\n- Alastair Jamieson", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7917284369468689}
{"content": "Germany and Austria go 100% renewable\n\n\nIn these two countries, Saint-Gobain has committed to all its plants and offices using green electricity by 2023-2024. The aim is to reduce CO2 emissions to 30%.\n\nGermany and Austria go 100% renewable\n\nIn Austria, Saint-Gobain is marking an important step in its drive to reduce its carbon footprint. The Group has just signed a contract for the supply of hydroelectric power so that all of its electricity needs will be covered by renewable energies. This decision, which is part of the Group's roadmap to achieve zero net carbon emissions by 2050, will reduce CO2 emissions by almost a third.\n\nThe Group has also just signed a promising hydroelectric power supply contract in Germany. This will increase the share of renewable energies to 60% by 2021, 75% in 2022 and it will then rapidly reach 100%. The goal is to reduce CO2 emissions by nearly 25%.\n\n\"For Saint-Gobain, sustainability is an elementary component of our corporate strategy,\" emphasizes Raimund Heinl, CEO of Saint-Gobain Germany and Austria. \"The switch to green electricity is therefore another important and consistent step in our contribution to achieving the ambitious climate targets.\" With this commitment, Saint-Gobain also wants to give an important signal to its suppliers, customers and the entire industrial sector.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000098943710327}
{"content": "MEMOIR LOGO CONCEPT: The aleph and a Sufi mystic inspired my creation and design of the syzygy logo, which I initially based on the symbolism of the yin and yang.\n\nBut the concept expanded when I first saw the aleph in Judith Cornell’s    \nMandala Healing Kit, My inexplicable attraction to it led me to incorporate it into my logo before I knew what it meant. \n\nI later read that the “Aleph (the first letter of the sacred Hebrew alphabet) embodies the primordial, divine potential of the universe. ... Aleph contains all the universe’s potential and all of its emptiness   simultaneously. Aleph represents a dynamic process of movement from unity to diversity and back to unity,” Jennifer Judelsohn, Songs of Creation.\n\nAnd the  mystic poet Rumi inspired me to use the fire and water concept after I read The  Question.  Here is an excerpt:  \n\n“The presence is there in front of me. A fire on the left, a lovely stream on the right.\n\nOne group walks toward the fire, into the fire. Another toward the sweet flowing water.\n\nNo one knows which are blessed and which are not.\n\nWhoever walks into the fire appears suddenly in the stream. \n\nA head goes under water, and that head pokes out of the fire.”\n\nLOGO ART: Cropped fire and water images from Free Images\n\nLOTUS LOGO: In spiritual and religious literature, “the lotus is a symbol for the macrocosm and the microcosm, the universe and man. The lotus represents the divinity of the cosmos as well as the divinity of man. \n\nThe lotus is the center of the infinite, omnipresent consciousness which connects with the consciousness of the universe. Through the intuition, one of man’s divine gifts, the spiritual student can see the infinite, omnipresent consciousness as the lotus flower within himself.” \n\nLOTUS ART: Courtesy \nHomestead, my website service provider. (Temporary art while I design of my own lotus logo.)\n\nHomeHeal Within, Heal the WorldJungDreamsJung’s Theories & ToolsNote from the EditorTalk to Me\n\n\n(Thru Amazon)\n\nSagittarius is the sign of the \n‘Seeker of Spiritual Truth.’\n(November 2012)\nExcerpt from reading by Joan Porte\n“With your chart, I’m getting a sense that you are at the very end of this old way of doing things. You are getting out of an old cycle and getting into a new cycle of yourself. You have all these planets in the first quadrant, which means self-discovery. You’ve got karmic-plus in the house once you re-orient your thinking.\n\n“People with a lot of Scorpio predominately placed in their rising sign are people who always leave this world different from when they came in. That’s why I say this is like a big final cleaning up and stepping onto a new stage of complete self-awareness in your next lifetimes. \n\n“And people say, doesn’t everybody change? No. Many people leave this world exactly as they were. They hang onto their beliefs. The idea of being able to transform, to metamorphize, is huge!\n\n“With Jupiter hitting on Pluto … I see a spiritual journey. To me it’s not a robe kind of thing, but changing, \nre-orienting your spiritual energy. The idea of getting beyond foreign ideas, foreign people, [and discovering] new philosophies, new spiritual pursuits to broaden this new horizon.\n\n“This is ... an extremely powerful chart, an intense chart, a chart of new beginnings, a chart of self-awareness, which is always fun when you have something moving in such a positive direction instead of, oh, my god, this person is so stuck.”\n\n(January to April 2013)\nThe huge increase in the number of synchronicities I experienced was mindboggling as I built (what I thought was) the bulk of this website from January to April of 2013. \n\nThe recurrence of the symbol of the cross is just one example of this intriguing phenomenon as it kept cropping up in unexpected ways at several turns and ultimately led me to reclaim my Dad’s rosary beads, which I had let slip through my fingers when he died in January. \n\nThe cross synchronicities can be followed from one page to another to another, from my initial Jung & Me page to Out of My Mind  to My Latest Revelation and, ultimately, to my Synchronicity page, which demonstrates how synchronicities can work together to deliver important messages from your higher Self. The burst of cross synchronicities during this period—along with the oracle card A New Dawn, which I repeatedly drew during this time as well— reflected my need to let go of my negative feelings.\n\nKidnapping a Child\n(Monday, March 18, 2013)\nI kidnapped a child, and on the run, I feel the child [my higher Self] is in grave danger. I went way around about eight city blocks so no one would see where I hid the child. But the child did not want to be hidden and showed back up right where we   started.  \n\nI’m at work in an office building, and we are all under investigation. There are many of us conspirators who were in on kidnapping the child. What a weird crime to commit, I think. It might be easier to understand, to explain, if someone had just held a gun to my head and forced me to rob a bank.\n\nInterpretation: A baby or child in my dreams often seems to symbolize my higher Self. In this dream it seems my conscious ego is trying to hide the child (higher Self), but my higher Self does not want to be hidden. I think it would be easier to explain robbing a bank than to explain my spiritual Self if it is exposed. \n\nThis dream, however, seems to counter what I would expect. Since when would the ego want to protect the higher Self, and since when would the higher Self expose itself to its own detriment? Jungian experts say it is very difficult to interpret one’s own dreams. As Marie-Louise von Franz put it, it’s like trying to see your own backside, which seems to coincide with the concept that we can’t see our own shadow, that is, our own faults, but those closest to us can. \n\nBut I am a little confused on this point, and as soon as circumstances permit, and I can obtain the services of a Jungian analyst, I will request that this dream marks our first point of discussion. And second, I will ask the analyst to address my confusion about the need of an analyst to interpret dreams— which might seem like an obvious conflict of interest. However, I will ask only in the most gracious way since, on more than one occasion, an analyst has saved my life. \n\nI think the answer might have something to do with archetypes and complexes, and it might just be beyond my ability to comprehend just yet. \n\nNonetheless, it seems to counter what I said on my dream page: If we each have a unique language with our unconscious soul, why do we need a third person to interpret this private dialogue? It kind of reminds me of the Catholic tradition of telling your sins to a priest, a middle man, who will then speak to God on your behalf. \n\n(Monday, March 18, 2013)\nQuestion: Dear Spirit Guides: I am excited as I watch for God’s miracles in my life, as my prayers have been answered, even though I can’t see how yet. The eviction date approaches, but I continue to keep faith, working away on my website, and trying to maintain my physical and mental strength. I will continue what I’m doing unless you have any further guidance at this time.\n\nAnswer: A New Dawn, “The worst is now behind you, and positive new experiences are on the horizon. You’ve endured storms over rough seas, but now the way is clear and smooth….Wash away the negativity.” Affirm, “I move on to a life of harmonious and peaceful actions.” Furthermore, “By pulling this card, you’ve turned a corner in your life, wherein your prayer and positive thoughts are delivering new rays of Divine light to illuminate your present and future.”  \n\n(Monday, April 8, 2013)\nQuestion: Dear Spirit Guides, Mom and Dad, I hope all is well. What should be my principle focus between now and the 15th of April, E-Day? \n\nAnswer: Contemplation Time. “Spend time alone, meditating upon what you truly desire.” Further details say, “Take a pad of paper and pen and go preferably somewhere out in nature where you won’t be interrupted. Ask yourself, ‘What do I want to do next?’ Write whatever comes to mind, without regard if it’s correct or not. Then ask your subconscious, ‘What’s my heart’s true desire right now?’ Write down the answer. Then structure your time accordingly so that can do what’s truly important to you.”\n\nInterpretation/Action: Without using the term coined by Jung, the Contemplation Time card was basically suggesting I try an “Active Imagination.” I walked to the park and sat by the pond with a pen and pad, relaxed, and asked my  unconscious, “What do I want to do next?”\nAstrology, Oracle Cards, Synchronicities, Dreams, Alchemy, \nand I Ching Converged to Send Me a Crucial Message from Source \nToward the end of his years, Jung hypothesized that if you asked a person during or shortly after a traumatic life experience to participate in various divinatory procedures that a gathering of strong unconscious connections would converge in the psyche and erupt into consciousness from every angle, regardless of which divinatory procedures the person engaged. By no means scientific of course, I unwittingly put Jung’s theory to the test when I looked for guidance using various divinatory procedures after I lost my job, which later resulted in the loss of my apartment, then my car, and so much more, as well as being displaced 2,000 miles away. \n\nUnaware of Jung’s theory at the time, I nonetheless felt driven to engage various divination procedures as I sought guidance from my Spirit Guides which I recorded dating back to November 2012 (when I received a random astrology reading as a gift), through January 2013 (when I lost my job), and up to a few days before I was evicted in mid April 2013. During this uncertain time, as I continuously called upon my god, my dreams, my spirit guides, and my oracle cards for guidance, I became aware of synchronicities occurring at a phenomenal rate and—as if they were in cahoots with the oracle cards—they prompted me to attempt the active imagination technique (which I had not tried to do in 20 years); to cast the I Ching (which I had tried to cast 10 years before, but found confusing, sticks and stones, or something like that; and to research alchemy, which to my amazement showed me exactly where I was on my path of individuation—or so I thought. \n\nAlthough unscientific, like I said, it positively amazed me how all these divination processes worked together, that is, they “constellated,” to use Jung’s term, to create a more powerful, more passionate, more urgent message than any individual process could have done. It was as if God, the Source, my Unconscious, my Spirit Guides, my higher Self—whatever you want to call this energy—used every possible medium to ensure it got its message across to me. And I still missed it!!! The recurring messages said to re-orient my thoughts and energy and release all negative experiences because positive new experiences, new beginnings, are on my horizon. The I Ching said the path was petering beneath my feet, to go Southwest (where much of my family lives), but to hide my light from those (presumably my family) who do not share my insights. It is madness that I spent endless hours asking what to do, and then completely misunderstand or outright ignored the answer, even though it seemed all the divinatory procedures had joined forces and were yelling it from the rooftop: “Wash away the negativity in order to make way for positive new experiences on your horizon.“ \n“Jung suggested investigating cases where it could be supposed that the archetypal layer of the unconscious is constellated—following a serious accident, for instance, or in the midst of a conflict or divorce situation—by having people engage in a divinatory procedure: throwing the I Ching, laying the Oracle cards, consulting the Mexican divination calendar, having a transit horoscope or a geomantic reading done. If Jung’s hypothesis is accurate, the results of all these procedures should converge.”\n\nI cleared my mind and waited for the answer. I wanted the answer to come from within, from my unconscious, rather than my ego. But they were one and the same. Question: What do I want to do next? My Answer: Build I Ching page for my website. “What is my heart’s true desire right now?” My Answer: To make enough money through my website to pay off all of my bills and to support myself so I can dedicate the rest of my life to teaching others about the process of individuation as I undergo and document my own unique process. \n\n(Friday, April 12, 2013, a.m., again)\nQuestion: Should I send text to family about situation? What to say? \n\nAnswer: Contemplation Time. “What do I want to do next?” Answer (I already answered April 8): Build I Ching page, but I keep getting sidetracked. \n\nInterpretation/Action: Okay, fine. Less than 72 hours to move—I know it seems crazy—but I’m going to build the I Ching page, even though I know nothing about it. With a little research, I was led to a site that offered a free online I Ching reading. Just enter my question in the space provided and click submit. Presto! The Universe would answer me.\n\n(April 12, 2013, evening)\nQuestion: What does the Universe have in store for me in the near future? Answer: Hexagram 36, Brightness Hidden, to Hexagram 39, Limping\n\nHexagram 36, Brightness Hidden\n​“Brightness hidden. How do you safeguard the light?” [This seems to echo my dream, where I kidnap my higher Self (my light?) to protect it, but it refuses to stay hidden? A foreshadowing?] “Since others do not share your standards or insight, it would be dangerous to let the light of your character shine out freely.     Constancy in hardship bears fruit.“ [I repeat—“Constancy in hardship bears fruit”—it would be the mantra that would keep me going in the difficult months ahead.] “Those in authority have something to say,” which would become much clearer later when I read Wilhelm’s original translation: “The host has occasion to gossip about him” [—precisely because I did not keep my light hidden.]  \n\nHexagram 39, Limping\nChanging lines one and five led me to Hexagram 39: Limping. “Limping. Fruitful in the Southwest, Not fruitful in the Northeast. Fruitful to see great people. Constancy, good fortune [sound familiar?]. ...  Really facing a problem means being prepared to tackle it in a different way, not just trudging doggedly onwards until the path peters out beneath your feet.”\n\nWell, shut the front door! Consciously I wanted to build the I Ching page because I thought it was one of the last foundation pages to be built (of course I have added about three dozen pages since then), and I wanted to finish it before April 15, before I had to move. But my unconscious had its own motive. It just wanted me to consult the I Ching, period, and it spoke through the Contemplation Time oracle card to tell me to do an active imagination, in which my higher Self said to consult the I Ching—talk about divinatory processes working in tandem as Jung theorized!\n\nI built the I Ching page as quickly as possible (and it shows), then texted my brothers and sisters, most of whom responded by the next morning. It was so clear. Go Southwest Jung girl—it so happens I have family in the Southwest. And go quickly as the path is petering out beneath your feet. But you must hide your light, and yet stay constant in your vision. What? Well, I will figure it out, but at the time I needed to get packing because two of my brothers were driving up from Texas to fetch me and my belongings. \n\nAs the golden rays of the setting sun streamed through the clouds and the mountain tops as we neared El Paso, where my brother and his wife live, I chatted on about how the scene looked just like an oracle card I drew that predicted positive new experiences on my horizon, and no sooner did I say that when we saw a sign that said Horizon City. A synchronicity within a synchronicity! My brother usually called El Paso his home, but technically he lived in Horizon City, one of its suburbs. Wow. New horizons in Horizon City.  \n\nSo it seems Jung’s theory panned out in my little experiment given that the various divinatory procedures did converge during a traumatic period in my life to advise me and to warn me in very similar terms. Unfortunately, I did not heed the warnings to wash away the negativity so that I might enjoy positive new experiences on my horizon. No. I tried but somehow failed to let go of all that negative energy that consumed practically every waking thought without my even realizing it. And I did not heed the warning to hide my light, my higher Self. No. I spilled my guts all over the place, much to my detriment, I realized, as my own words came back to bite me, a true lesson in humility.  \n\nOf the various divination processes I have worked with in the past several months, I am most intrigued with the I Ching. I have found its divinatory capacity absolutely astonishing— even considering that there have been numerous occasions when I either misunderstood the guidance or the guidance did not make sense until after the fact. But I have read that if you consult the I Ching frequently and study it, you can improve your skill at understanding the messages from this valuable resource. \n\nAlso since building this web page, I have found far more reliable I Ching resources and techniques than what I used that first night. Since then, I have learned the coin-tossing method of consulting the I Ching and bought the Wilhelm/Baynes translation, which Jung wrote the foreword to. I am learning that the I Ching is often symbolic rather than literal, that it doesn’t necessarily view time linearly, and that it is very easy to misinterpret. ​\n\nIn retrospect, I realize that if I had begun consulting the I Ching, say, a year earlier—and if I had understood and heeded its advice—I probably would have seen the handwriting on the wall about the potential loss of my job, and would have sought other alternatives sooner, which may have, in turn, prevented the loss of my apartment, and the loss of so much more.  I am very excited to share some of the things I have learned concerning the I Ching and hope to have the second installment of that page ready for review soon. \n\nFurthermore, although I had truly believed that I had released my negative thoughts and energy, I realized  a few months ago that all that negativity I was aware of in the previous couple of years did not wash away like I had thought. I had merely repressed it in my shadow, which became apparent to me after what might be called taking a backdoor into my thoughts, which I will explain in an upcoming web page on mantras, which discusses the power of positive thinking. ♂ ♀ \nMake No Mistake\nThe Divine in All Forms Tells Me to Release Negativity, New Beginnings on My Horizon, \nand to Stay True to My Initial Vision Yet, While Hiding My Light, My True Self\nThe mind can be tricky in the information it selectively chooses you to see and then guides how you perceive and interpret such information, as you will see in the narrative below. For example, I don’t know what it’s called or if it even has a name, but I can’t be the only one whose mind plays tricks. When I repeatedly drew the New Dawn oracle card over the last few months, my naked eye saw the image on the left, but my mind’s eye saw the image on the right, to the point that I thought the image on the right was the background of the card on the left—until I went to show it to someone.  \nI CHING: Hexagram 36, Brightness Hidden, to Hexagram 39, Limping, seem to tell me to go Southwest while taking precautions to safeguard my light.  \nASTROLOGYIn November 2012, astrologist Joan Porte said she saw in my chart a spiritual journey, an ending of an old cycle, a re-orienting of spiritual energy, and the broadening of new horizons.\nDREAM: I had a dream in which I kidnapped a child [my higher Self, my Light?] and tried to hide it to keep it safe, but it did not want to be hidden, and despite my efforts, it exposed itself, an idea that is echoed later in an I Ching consultation, where I am warned to keep my brightness hidden. \nSYNCHRONICITY: This sign convinced me that positive new experiences were on my horizon in Horizon City, and they may well have been but as the I Ching is also known as the Book of Changes, my destiny was perhaps altered for two reasons: I was unaware of, therefore, unable to wash away my constant negative thoughts, and I did not heed the warning to hide my light.    \nIt seems we all have this penchant to reinvent the wheel when it comes to making our own mistakes rather than by learning from the mistakes of others. But I hope the following narrative will at least raise your awareness of potential pitfalls you may encounter if you are new to practicing divinatory practices.  \nMessages Converge, ‘Validate’ Constellation Theory\nORACLE CARDS: While the New Dawn card highlighted positive new experiences on my horizon, it also urged me to “Wash away the negativity from your consciousness and past memories, and keep only the positive lessons and love,” which the Father Healing card alluded to also.     \nSYNCHRONICITIES: The recurring interconnectedness \nbetween my astrology reading, the crosses everywhere, the oracle cards I drew, my dreams, my discovery of alchemy, my Sunday morning messages from Joel, poetry and song lyrics and quotes and even commercials—all of it urged me to re-orient my thinking and release negativity because positive new experiences are on my horizon.\nMarie-Louise von Franz, Matter and Psyche (1988)​\n\n© 1955–2015 Syzygy: Crossing the Bridge to Self. All Rights Reserved.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7637749314308167}
{"content": "Ponderings on astronomy\n\nFrom Anthroposophy\n\n\nIn the anthroposopical foundation of spiritual science in the period 1904-1924, Rudolf Steiner expanded on Charles Darwin's (1809-1882) theory of evolution based on natural selection (On the Origin of Species, 1859) and also Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) biogenetic law (1866, see also recapitulation theory).\n\n\nUpto the 19th century, the basis for astronomy was based on the observation of the heavenly bodies, their movement and influences. Especially in the millenium before, sensory observation of physical light was the basis for astronomy. In ancient times of atavistic clairvoyance this was different again.\n\nSince the 20th century, astronomy has ventured into the broadened spectrum of what is regarded as electromagnetic radiation:\n\n  • from cosmic, gamma and X-rays on the one hand (above ultraviolet or UV)\n  • and microwaves and radio waves on the other side (below infrared or IR) of the visible spectrum.\n\nThis new source of observational data coincided with a shift in the scientific paradigm to the use of mathematics as the basis for conceptual theories (eg general relativity, quantum mechanics, etc) within a purely materialistic framework of mineral science. Hence radio astronomy and mathematics have become key to cosmological theories.\n\nFoundational elements of 20th century cosmological theories\n\nThe Big Bang theory was developed on the basis of, and rests on a foundational blocks of:\n\n- on the other hand: gamma bursts from the sun, and x-rays from neutron stars\n\n\nthe physical matter studied by mineral science is maya due to ahrimanic influences\n\nsee also the five problems with science in Schema FMC00.275 on worldview\n\nhence, the interpretative framework of all astronomical observations is vastly different\n\nnebulae and galaxies\n\n  • see comet statement 'astral hits etheric -> light'\n  • christ impact first astral then etheric finally visible light (substance)\n  • old sun light arising, what before? warmth .. and this light is not physical light\n\nnow considering: warmth - light - chemical - life\n\nbackground radiation shows the sphere of warmth, which could map to the Old Saturn stage\n\ngamma bursts from the sun could be the life ether\n\n\nRelated pages", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5959265232086182}
{"content": "Question: What Vegetables Can I Eat On HCG Phase 2?\n\nCan you have broccoli on HCG phase 2?\n\nOne low-calorie vegetable is allowed as part of both lunch and dinner.\n\nRecommended veggies include celery, spinach, fennel, cauliflower, chard, onions, beet greens, cucumbers, green salad, mixed greens, cabbage, red radishes, shallots, asparagus, tomatoes and broccoli, according to\n\nAre carrots allowed on HCG diet?\n\nANY veggie but NO starchy peas, corn, potatoes, or beans. Should take it easy with carrots and beets too. 2 (two) servings of ANY fruits but NO bananas, pineapple or grapes!!! Apple Cider Vinegar (Bragg brand is the best!)\n\nCan you have olive oil on HCG diet?\n\nIf you combine too much starch with your food, you will gain weight because your new weight has not had enough time to stabilize. You will also start consuming healthy oils like coconut oil, extra virgin olive oil and flaxseed oil. Avoid unhealthy oils including shortening and vegetable oil.\n\nCan you have ground turkey on HCG diet?\n\nTry this yummy – HCG diet dinner in under 15 minutes In this recipe, we use ground turkey. However, you could also use a lean, grass-fed ground beef or a lean, organic ground chicken as well. In this recipe, I use a little bit of MCT oil.\n\nHow much vegetables on HCG Diet Can I eat?\n\n2 proteins, 2 vegetables, and 2 fruits per day.\n\nHow long can you stay on HCG injections?\n\nThe weight loss phase typically lasts for 3-6 weeks and involves daily injections of hCG. In addition, you will eat 2 small meals with a strict 500-calorie limit each day.\n\nWhat is HCG diet program?\n\nThe HCG diet is a weight-loss plan that combines daily injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) with severe calorie restriction — only 500 calories per day. HCG is a hormone that’s released in large quantities during pregnancy and can be extracted from the urine of pregnant women.\n\nCan you eat deli meat on HCG diet?\n\nMeats that are NOT allowed: Deli meats (cold cuts), salmon, eel, tuna, herring, dried or pickled fish. Regular (non-lean) beef cuts or ground of 80/20, 90/10, 93/7 are not allowed.\n\nCan I eat sweet potato on HCG diet?\n\n*Some vegetables such as beans and legumes contain more carbohydrates but also contain significant protein and fiber. These can be eaten in moderation. * Corn, peas, yams and sweet potatoes not allowed.\n\nCan you exercise on HCG diet?\n\nAnother area of my life that compliments the HCG diet Phase 3 is exercise. During the low calorie phase, exercise (other than walking) is not recommended. In Phase 3 you can start to add in more physical activity as you ramp up your calories. I began with walking and steady state running.\n\nHow many units of HCG should I inject for weight loss?\n\nThe hCG injections are easy to administer with an insulin syringe. Most patients use 20 units or 2 cc’s daily. Most of our patients initially start out following the Clean28 weight loss program while on hCG.\n\nWhat does HCG do to your body?\n\nhCG stimulates the ovaries and helps a woman’s eggs to mature and be released into the woman’s ovarian tubes and then into the uterus. hCG also stimulates men’s testicles to make testosterone but lowers sperm counts (by suppressing an important hormone for sperm production) when used by normal men.\n\nWhat is Phase 1 of the HCG diet?\n\nPhase I: The Loading Phase During the loading phase of the HCG diet, you start to take HCG and eat plenty of foods high in calories and healthy fats. This phase lasts 48 hours. Most of our clients eat at maintenance during this phase. Therefore, no weight is lost.\n\nWhat foods can I eat on HCG phase 2?\n\nAccording to the HCG diet website, here are a list of the approved foods:Some FruitsLimited oranges, strawberries, apples, and red grapefruit.Nonstarchy Vegetables Lettuce, celery, cabbage, cucumbers, onions, and tomatoes.Lean Meat Chicken breast, lean ground beef, shrimp, lobster, and white fish.Dec 13, 2017\n\nWhat vegetables are allowed on HCG diet?\n\nVegetable choices include spinach, chard, chicory, beet greens, green salad, tomatoes, celery, fennel, onions, red radishes, cucumbers, asparagus, and cabbage. Bread can be one breadstick or one piece of melba toast. For fruit, you can choose an orange, an apple, a handful of strawberries, or half a grapefruit.\n\nHow much can you lose on HCG in 21 days?\n\nMost hCG dieters report a loss of 1 to 2 lbs a day. At the very least, . 5 pound a day, and at the most, 3 + lbs a day. 1 lb is generally lost in the first day.\n\nCan I have pickles on HCG phase 2?\n\nEat a pickle. Pickles can satisfy salty cravings. Both cucumbers and vinegar are on the approved list of foods for the diet, so this snack can help you get the crunch and sweet and salty flavors you desire.\n\nHow do I keep the weight off after the HCG diet?\n\nMaintaining Weight After hCGStay hydrated. Dehydration is a major factor in feeling hungry. … Don’t be afraid to eat. After aggressive calorie-restriction it can be difficult to feel confident with a higher-calorie diet. … Support regeneration and energy with a daily multivitamin. … Be patient.May 15, 2018\n\nDoes HCG help with weight loss?\n\n\nCan I eat pork on HCG phase 2?\n\nFatty meats – Do not include the fat selection of seafood and meats because you cannot consume sugar or starch. So, pork, lamb, beef chops, salmon, tuna, herring, canned meat, pickled fish are strict no-no. Sugar – It is important to avoid consuming sugar in almost all diets, as well as in the HCG diet.\n\nCan you have almond milk on HCG diet?\n\nUNSWEETENED ALMOND MILK – this is a new addition to the HCG Diet protocol at The Natural Path. I have been allowing my patients to have 1/2 cup of unsweetened vanilla almond milk daily as a creamer alternative and I have not seen any stalls as of yet with this addition.\n\nCan you eat crackers on HCG diet?\n\nCut out the allowable carbohydrate snacks such as Grissini bread sticks, Melba toast and Wasa crackers. Do not eat the same protein, vegetable or fruit in the same day.\n\nWhat is HCG rapid weight loss?\n\nThe HCG diet is an extreme diet meant to cause very fast weight loss of up to 1–2 pounds (0.45–1 kg) per day. Its proponents claim that it boosts metabolism and fat loss without inducing hunger ( 82 , 83 ). HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a hormone present at high levels during early pregnancy.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9061055779457092}
{"content": "Go to a section?\n\n\n\n\n\nIs it possible to grow fruit trees in the Ozarks without pesticides?\n\nAnswer: As good and nutritious as apples, peaches, and seedless grapes are, they are subject to a myriad of pests and diseases in the Ozarks, and most varieties of these fruits can hardly be grown at all without regular applications of pesticides. On the other hand, native pawpaws, persimmons, and muscadines require no pesticides at all to yield their bounty. And there are other non-native species and lesser-known varieties of well-known species that can be grown in the Ozarks naturally without pesticides. This holds broadly true for all of the upper South, especially the southern highlands from the Arkansas and Missouri Ozarks east, through the southern Appalachians, to the Virginia Piedmont.The heat and humidity of Ozark growing seasons are especially conducive to pests and diseases of fruit trees, vines, and bushes. Unfortunately, apples, peaches, and grapes?especially varieties like Gala apple, Redhaven peach, and Flame Seedless grapes?commonly sold in local retail nurseries and big-box stores are susceptible to these local pests and diseases. Such plants cannot be grown without the help of synthetic pesticides and fungicides.People wanting to grow organically or naturally need fruit plants that can be managed without synthetic pesticides. Even home fruit growers who may have no objections to pesticides are busy with the details of life, jobs, and families and frequently do not get around to spraying at the proper time (usually well before symptoms are seen) or simply forget to spray at all. Because of this, species and varieties that can be managed with few or no applications of pesticides are the most desirable.You can learn much more about this topic in the ATTRA publication Fruit Trees, Bushes, and Vines for Natural Growing in the Ozarks. This publication discusses how to overcome common challenges of growing fruit trees, vines, and bushes in the Ozarks and suggests what to look for when choosing a variety that will thrive locally.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6255359649658203}
{"content": "ABOUT US At Augustsnow. we love every passion and interest on Earth because it is a reference to yours. And to spread exactly that is our core vision: Our products,Broad like the sea,Every corner of life can better help you.  Because we know you want a variety of products, we provide a large number of products for you to choose from, and we will review each product so that they can complete the rigorous selection process. No matter where you are, who you are and what you are passionate about we want to be able to provide you with provide you with the products you need.That's why in Augustsnow you will find a custom collection for every profession, hobby, sport, passion or anything you might think of. So whatever you're looking for, we plan to have it there for you. We are and would like to be here for YOU for a lifetime. Whatever you need, it's right here on  Augustsnow.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5813199281692505}
{"content": "A step closer to mapping the rodent brain\n\nThe rodent Hippocampal formation is one of the most exhaustively studied regions in the mammalian brain but until now, there has not been a comprehensive knowledge base of its synaptic physiology. In a front cover paper published in the journal Hippocampus, researchers at EPFL’s Blue Brain Project present a data-driven approach to integrate the current knowledge on the hippocampal CA1 region using an open-access, comprehensive resource.\n\nThe seahorse-shaped hippocampus is a major component of the mammalian brain, which plays an important role in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation. The framework presented as a resource in this paper is an important building block towards a detailed, bottom-up model of the mammalian hippocampus. The framework could provide a platform to not only enable the integration of disparate datasets but also catalyze a community-driven consensus of synaptic organization in the hippocampal formation.\n\nThe closest cellular and synaptic-level approximation of cortical tissue to date in a model is the Blue Brain Project’s biologically detailed digital reconstruction of rat neocortical microcircuitry (Markram, Muller, Ramaswamy, Reimann et al. 2015). This computer model provided the optimal platform for the researchers to demonstrate, that a data-driven workflow grounded in biological first-principles, which was used to build a biologically detailed model of rat neocortical tissue, can be extended to model other brain regions such as the hippocampus.\n\nIn this instance, by extending the framework developed for the neocortex to the hippocampus, the method reconciles disparate cellular and synaptic data, extrapolates from the sparse set of experimentally obtained parameters, and predicts knowledge gaps. Therefore, the curated and predicted parameters could serve as a resource to model hippocampal synaptic physiology.\n\nBuilding the in silico data integration pipeline\n\n“By detailing all the integration steps in this study, we had two main objectives,” explains Blue Brain Ph.D. student and lead author on the paper, András Ecker. “First, we wanted to demonstrate that published parameters should not be taken at face value without rigorously checking their consistency within any modeling framework and the necessity of being abreast of the state-of-the-art experimental techniques. Second, we wanted to emphasize the fact that a growing diversity of experimental standards combined with published literature that provides access to only processed datasets but not raw experimental traces could lead to an inconsistent picture of a fundamental mechanism such as synaptic transmission,” he concludes.\n\nThis study is part of a pan-European consortium to build a detailed model of the rodent hippocampus between the EPFL Blue Brain Project, and Institutes across Hungary, Italy and the United Kingdom. By providing a comprehensive resource on synapses, this paper complements a recent study by the same consortium on electrical models of hippocampal neurons, and paves the way towards a large-scale model of the rodent hippocampus.\n\nA step closer to mapping the rodent brain\n\nSource: Read Full Article", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9678637385368347}
{"content": "The Final Days of the Convention\n\nAfter three months of intense partisan divides and drawn-out battles, the Constitutional Convention entered its final phase—a phase which lasted about two or three weeks and was marked both by hurry and relative harmony. The delegates were eager to get home, and they completed their work with unusual dispatch. Perhaps, in some cases, even too much dispatch. Most of the delegates were pleased with the final plan as it was delivered by the Committee of Style, but there were three outspoken critics whose defection cast a pall over these final days. Nonetheless, most of the Framers left Philadelphia optimistic that their plan would succeed, even though they knew that they had their work cut-out for them in the ratification debates. The battle for ratification was indeed a struggle, and its outcome was by no means certain. The unexpected and pervasive demand for a bill of rights took many of the delegates by surprise. Many states, when they ratified the new plan of government, attached a statement expressing their expectation that the First Congress would address certain perceived defects through the Constitution’s amendment process, and they helpfully suggested which amendments Congress should propose to the states. James Madison took on that charge, partly as a personal duty and partly to prevent the job being hijacked by opponents to the Constitution.  He proposed a set of amendments to the House, and and did not slacken his efforts until he saw the amendment process through both Houses. Most of the Constitution’s former detractors were satisfied when the states ratified the first ten amendments, though several staunch Antifederalists had hoped to seem many more substantive changes to the Constitution. And with the new Bill of Rights, the Constitution could finally be said to unify a new nation. \n\nThe Last Two Weeks: Haste, Bustle, Polish, and Dissent\n\nThe delegates’ activities in the last two or three weeks of the Convention showed evidence of their unanimous wish to put an end to the bickering and go home. Numerous minor disagreements cropped up, but none of them could compete with the broad consensus to finish the remaining business quickly. The last of the “grand bargains” which had roiled competing factions was the 20-year compromise, which was not fully resolved until August 29. After that, the delegates entered into a phase of relative harmony that lasted until the end of the Convention. Unfortunately, their pervasive harmony and impatience to be done led to a few regrettable decisions. Immediately after the Deep South and the Northeastern States had struck their bargain regarding slave importations and navigation acts, the Deep South demanded further protections for recapturing runaway slaves who fled into neighboring states. In response, the Fugitive Slave Clause was duly passed with unanimous votes, almost no objections, and only minor alterations in the wording. In later years, Northern States would come to rue their delegates’ hasty concurrence with the demands of the Southerners, believing that they should have better represented the interests of free states and the cause of freedom. The phrasing of the Fugitive Slave Clause would prove to be a moral, political, and legal nightmare. \n\nThe process of electing the president was also worked out in the last days of the Convention. This question had divided the delegates for months, and proposals similar to the Electoral College had already been defeated decisively earlier in the summer. Yet, in light of the persistent dissatisfaction with the prevailing choice to have the president selected by the legislature, the Committee for Postponed Matters presented the plan for an Electoral College in the Convention’s waning days.  The Framers passed this complex proposal with few changes (although its perceived defects would require amendment by 1804).  \n\nThe Question of a Bill of Rights\n\nThe delegates also stumbled when it came time to decide whether to include a bill of rights in the new Constitution. The subject did not even emerge until September 12, when George Mason, who was one of the three delegates who refused to sign the Constitution, expressed his wish to add one. Mason tried to reassure his colleagues that, “with the aid of the state declarations, a bill might be prepared in a few hours.” The Framers, however, no doubt rightly suspected that such a complex issue, broached this late in the summer, might keep them locked in debate for many more weeks. The charm of Philadelphia had worn off long ago, and many decided they would rather be home for the autumn. After the briefest of exchanges, the motion lost on a tied vote. This decision to forgo a bill of rights, which was probably made with little forethought, or even much thought at all, was a fateful misstep.  The Federalists would learn during the ratification period that many of their detractors (and even many of their friends) believed a bill of rights was essential to the Constitution. \n\nThe Committee of Style\n\nHowever, these final days were not all haste and disorder. In the second week of September, the delegates decided that their sundry resolutions needed to be reworked into a more organized and elegant shape by a Committee of Style, and they chose a stellar five-man team for the job: William Samuel Johnson, Alexander Hamilton, Gouverneur Morris, Rufus King, and James Madison. Hamilton had been absent for most of the second half of the Convention, but the rest of the members were all trusty stalwarts. And every member was brilliant in his own way. The Convention was still meeting during the day, so the members of the Committee spent their evenings drafting a final Constitution. They pored over the 23 articles that the Committee of Detail had prepared, combined with the innumerable amendments and committee reports that had been accepted since August 6, and they transformed the jumble of resolutions into a coherent plan of government.\n\nDecades later, Madison gave most of the credit to one preeminent writer in the group: “The finish given to the style and arrangement of the Constitution fairly belongs to the pen of Mr. Morris.” Whereas the “phraseology” had principally been governed by the resolutions that had been proposed, altered, and adopted, Madison believed “there was sufficient room for the talents and taste stamped by the author on the face of it.” Morris’ greatest contribution was probably his composition of the Preamble, for his version had departed significantly from the Committee’s report. Then followed seven neatly arranged articles. The first three articles described the arrangement and powers of the three branches of government: the Congress, the presidency, and the judiciary. The fourth article described the relations of the states to one another and to the new federal government. The fifth article described how to amend the new Constitution. The sixth article guaranteed the payment of the old debts; asserted the supremacy of the federal government when exercising its legitimate powers; and prescribed oaths or affirmations to support the new Constitution. And the seventh article gave a very terse description of what would constitute ratification of the new Constitution. The Committee was ready to have their draft printed on September 12, after barely more than three days’ labors, so that each member could study its design and wording carefully in the Convention’s final few days. Madison was thoroughly pleased by the Committee’s choice of Morris as their draftsman: “A better choice could not have been made, as the performance of the task proved.” \n\nRandolph, Mason, and Gerry Refuse to Sign\n\nAlthough the last two weeks had primarily been stamped by haste and harmony, the last stage was still taking too long to suit the impatience of some members. On September 11, William Livingston complained to John Jay that he was losing hope of returning according to his earlier plan  “by reason of there being certain creatures in this world that are more pleased with their own speeches than they can prevail upon anybody else to be.” Livingston might have had the Convention’s three dissenters in mind when he wrote his letter. The day before, all three non-signers of the Constitution—Edmund Randolph, George Mason, and Elbridge Gerry—had voiced their increasing alarm at the shape the document was taking. The advocates of the Constitution may have found it tedious to listen to the repeated objections of the dissenters at this late hour. Mason, however, felt that their concerns were being silenced and ignored, and that this assembly had turned into a cabal in its last days. He later confided to Jefferson that he had been “discouraged” from voicing his personal objections to the Constitution, “by the precipitate, & intemperate, not to say indecent manner in which the Business was conducted, during the last Week of the Convention.” The indecent treatment, he went on to say, was occasioned by the coalition that had been formed between the Deep South and the Northeastern states over the 20-year compromise over the slave trade. \n\nOn September 10, Randolph stated the various reasons why he thought the plan “would end in Tyranny.” And on September 15, Gerry named numerous objections “which determined him to withhold his name from the Constitution.”  The details of their respective objections differed from one another, but all three dwelt on the concentration of power, on particular powers they believed would be abused, and on the improper distribution of powers that were being granted to the three branches of the new government.  All three non-signers dangled the promise that they could be brought around, if only the Convention would agree to allow the states to submit amendments, and the final determination could be made by a second general convention. This offer had no chance of success, since the other delegates were convinced that a second general convention—probably made up of delegates who would arrive saddled with stringent and contradictory demands from each state—was a sure recipe for failure. \n\nMadison’s Discontent\n\nYet the three members who openly refused to sign the Constitution were by no means the only disappointed members at the close of the business. On September 6, Madison admitted to Jefferson that, in his opinion, “the plan should it be adopted will neither effectually answer its national object nor prevent the local mischiefs which every where excite disgusts against the state governments.” Madison was still deeply concerned by the equal power of the states in the Senate, and even more the lack of a federal veto over state laws. In spite of his pessimism about the plan, however, Madison believed it was of paramount importance that it be adopted: “If the present moment be lost it is hard to say what may be our fate.”  Similarly, Hamilton expressed his own doubts about the Constitution on the last day of the Convention: “No man’s ideas were more remote from the plan than his were known to be.” Nonetheless, he urged every delegate to support the Constitution, because he saw their choices as lying “between anarchy and Convulsion on one side, and the chance of good to be expected from the plan on the other.” Both Madison and Hamilton, swallowing their personal misgivings, would be champions in the fight for ratification. \n\nOn September 15, in the turbulent wake of the threatening voices of the Constitution’s detractors, the Convention made its most momentous choice that summer. The day had been an especially long one, stretching into the evening. A plethora of trivial motions had been proposed, most of which were rejected. The three non-signers had made a last-ditch effort to forestall what they considered would be a disaster, but their call for a second general convention was met with a resounding negative. Finally, Madison reported simply: “On the question to agree to the Constitution, as amended. All the States ay.” This vote took place on a Saturday evening, and the text of the Constitution was handed over to Jacob Shallus, the assistant clerk for the Pennsylvania General Assembly, to be engrossed onto vellum parchment (a soft but durable animal hide) before their final meeting on Monday, September 17.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6822060942649841}
{"content": "You can find me HERE\n\nI was so impressed by the content and level of depth that we explored in such a short time at Realizing Your Dreams. Debbie’s expertise was invaluable and I would highly recommend this workshop to anyone who is looking to make positive changes in their life.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9685640931129456}
{"content": "Learn more about the Knowledge Center Service\n\nHealthy Birth Outcomes through Cross-Sector Collaboration\n\nby Admas Kanyagia; Lauren A. Smith; Miya Cain\n\nJul 1, 2018\n\nAmong Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, the United States ranks near the bottom in infant mortality rates. This is particularly perilous for black babies in the U.S., who are more than twice as likely to die before their first birthday as a white baby. In addition to the medical care and access a woman and baby receive, these poor outcomes are also driven by social determinants of health—non-clinical factors such as social, educational, environmental, and economic opportunities that affect a woman's overall health and wellbeing. This multi-faceted challenge requires a multi-faceted approach.\n\nCross-sector collaborations offer a way forward in their ability to direct multiple actors and interventions toward the same goal. In this report, we highlight lessons learned from two of our birth outcomes projects in Fresno County, California, and Staten Island, New York, to offer others insights into paths to success and challenges to be aware of when seeking to address birth outcomes through such collaborations.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5274772644042969}
{"content": "Dissertation definition of terms\n\nWhat is definition of terms in a research study?\n\n Definition of terms is usually an annex to a work (book, research paper , pamphlet,etc.) either at the beginning or more likely near the end with a list of acronyms, jargon, credits, etc. This is an important part of Research paper or report is that in which the key or important terms in the study are clearly defined .\n\nWhat is definition of terms in qualitative research?\n\nQualitative – research definitions Qualitative research is defined as studies that focus on why and how things happen and that do not use numerical data as their primary facts. An example of qualitative research is a study group that focuses on how people respond to different types of pictures.\n\nWhat is the example of definition of terms?\n\nThe definition of a term is a word or group of words that has a special meaning , a specific time period or a condition of a contract. An example of term is “cultural diversity.” An example of term is three months for a college semester. Term is defined as to give a name to something.\n\nWhat is the purpose of definition of terms?\n\nThe purpose of a definition is to explain the meaning of a term which may be obscure or difficult, by the use of terms that are commonly understood and whose meaning is clear. The violation of this rule is known by the Latin term obscurum per obscurius.\n\nWhat to write in Definition of Terms?\n\nYour actual thesis statement should define the term in your own words . Keep the definition in your thesis brief and basic. You will elaborate on it more in the body of your paper. Avoid using passive phrases involving the word “is” when defining your term . Do not repeat part of the defined term in your definition .\n\nYou might be interested:  What is a dissertation defense\n\nWhat are the two types of definition of terms?\n\nAll definitions attempt to explain or clarify a term . This lesson will introduce you to the three different types of definitions : formal, informal, and extended.\n\nWhat is the definition of definition of terms?\n\n1a : a word or expression that has a precise meaning in some uses or is peculiar to a science, art, profession, or subject legal terms . b terms plural : expression of a specified kind described in glowing terms .\n\nWhy definition of terms is important in research?\n\nIt is important to include definition of terms in your thesis or dissertation in order to understand the key terms being used in the study . Terms defined should be arranged in alphabetical order and acronyms should always spell out fully most specially if it is used for the first time and not commonly known.\n\nWhat is the use of definition of terms in research?\n\nDEFINITION OF TERMS Definition of key terms will help clarify the purpose and direction of the study being conducted. 3. PRINCIPLES IN WRITING DEFINITION OF TERMS 1. Make sure that in the definition , you focus on what something is, not just what its effects it is used for. 2.\n\nWhat chapter is definition of terms?\n\nDefinition of terms works just like a glossary but have a different twist. It is placed on the last part of Chapter 1 to tell the meaning of the terms used throughout the said chapter .\n\nWhy is it important to define key terms?\n\nIn short, if you define your key terms , you’ll clarify the concepts behind the terms you are using in that argument, in that document you wrote, or if they are added to some custom dictionary, in that specific field the dictionary covers.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9914004802703857}
{"content": "COVID-19 could pave the way for edtech funding, equity\n\n(Getty Images)\n\n\nFunding for educational technology is going to skyrocket now that the disruption caused by the coronavirus pandemic has revealed how critical it is in maintaining continuity of learning and facilitating impactful education, technology researcher Amber Case told attendees of a virtual conference on Wednesday.\n\nBut ensuring that technology supports education for all people will require creativity and a willingness to rethink and redesign technology, she said during the Consortium for School Networking’s annual conference, which was held online this year. Over the past decade, technology has transformed how people live, receive services, connect with each other and learn — but it hasn’t benefited everyone equally, Case said.\n\n“Only a couple of months ago, I was at CES, Consumer Electronics Show, and everybody was talking about 5G and how you’re just going to push so much data through everything,” she said, but added that no one was talking about low bandwidth solutions or rural users.\n\nNow, in the face of a global health crisis, the importance of having technology that can connect everyone and improve peoples’ lives through simplistic design is more evident than before. And for better or worse, the current pandemic has given people the opportunity to make those changes, Case said.\n\n“What was formerly difficult to do will be easier,” she said. “There is going to be such a rush to make things that work really well for everybody.”\n\nVirtual reality, for example, has the potential to make education more immersive and impactful.\n\n“This could be an amazing way to teach physics when you don’t have a lab to deal with dangerous chemicals, to understand how gravity works, to go to other places,” Case said, conceding that in its current form, virtual reality tools are relatively clunky.\n\nThe solution to creating technology that works for and supports everyone, Case said, is to focus on the task instead of the tool and to design solutions that are simple and support peoples’ lives without intruding on them.\n\n“A good tool is invisible,” she said. “Not because it’s actually invisible-invisible, but because it doesn’t intrude on your consciousness.”\n\nUltimately, transforming technology to work for all members of society is not an easy task, she said, and encouraged educators to drive that change without fear of failure.\n\n“We will need to work with limited resources and be clever,” Case said. “We need to all allow ourselves to be amateurs together and experiment and have fun and be unique and allow ourselves to be ourselves. … There are so many teachers and professors and educators that are already using technology in the classrooms and they’re being innovative and they will become rock stars if they’re not too afraid right now to be extreme amateurs and make something and be vulnerable.”\n\nThis is part of StateScoop and EdScoop’s special report on coronavirus response. Read the rest of the report.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.996703028678894}
{"content": "What is Engage Wellbeing ?\n\nWhat is Engage Wellbeing? TEst\n\nThe Engage Wellbeing Programme provides a volunteer befriender to support isolated adults (18+) to help them sustain or improve their emotional and mental wellbeing. This currently consists of a regular telephone calls to chat, share experiences and provide emotional support. As we come out of lockdown, it is anticipated that this will transition into a service which provides face to face befriending and support to vulnerable people; assisting them to rebuild confidence to engage in the wider community.\n\nEngage Wellbeing is also working with a network of local churches to support the development of community cafe’s. These are designed to be safe spaces for those struggling with emotional and mental wellbeing to come to find friendship and support.\n\nWhy is this important?\n\nEngage Wellbeing has developed as a response to the Covid-19 pandemic. There is a growing need to support people whose emotional and mental health and wellbeing have been affected; particularly as a result of enforced isolation. . Research by the Mental Health Foundation which has monitored people’s mental health throughout the course of the pandemic indicates that whilst the population as a whole has coped well there are groups of people. (eg long term sick, single parents, young people) who have been most vulnerable to deterioration in mental health. In our own work through the pandemic, 98% of those referred to Engage Wellbeing and in need of our service would fit one of the above criteria. We know from research by AgeUK that isolation has a significant detrimental effect upon a person’s sense of wellbeing. (AgeUK 2017)\n\nOur aim therefore is to  support the recovery of those who have experienced emotional or mental ill health difficulties during the pandemic by providing positive, affirming relationships and practical emotional support, resulting in an improved emotional resilience and sense of wellbeing.\n\nThe Engage Befriending Programme", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000042915344238}
{"content": "How to annotate a movie in an essay\n\nAn annotated bibliography includes a list of sources used in a research paper along with a description and analysis of each citation. For personal interviews, this includes consideration of the content of the interview itself, the person interviewed and how that interview impacted the paper.\n\nTo write a good annotation means that you have understood the content of the cited titles very well, and also that you are able to evaluate them critically. If you are required to write an annotated bibliography in Turabian style, then you should follow some rules. Turabian annotated bibliography - 6 important rules Bibliography for the Essay - Bibliography for the essay (a.k.a. Reference list or Works Cited) is an essential part of the paper. It is not enough just to express a certain idea with the help of your own words. Quite often it is necessary to resort to the use of outside sources. Analysis Essay Writing, examples, topics, outlines Analysis Essay Outline. As a rule, there are standardized requirements as to analysis essay outline and format. Your analysis essay must have title page (if required), introduction, thesis statement (optionally), body, conclusion and list of works cited. Logically, the body is the main part of an analysis essay. There you should present a ... How to Make an Essay Outline: Format, Structure | EssayService\n\nEssay and article writing: what are the differences\n\nHow to Cite a Movie Quote in MLA, APA, and Chicago ... 31 May 2019 ... When you are caught up in writing an essay, paper, or article, you may need to throw in a direct quote here and there. The purposes may vary ... How to Write an Annotated Bibliography That Works - Kibin 20 Jul 2015 ... An annotated bibliography is simply a bibliography with annotations. ... If you're writing a research paper with three sources, it's pretty easy to ... Annotated Bibliography - Organizing Your Social Sciences ... In lieu of writing a formal research paper or in preparation for a larger project, your .... Your method for selecting which sources to annotate depends on the purpose ... non-textual items, such as, films, maps, photographs, and audio recordings, ...\n\nHow to structure a paragraph in essay writing - EssayMin\n\nWrite out your own original ideas in the margins. When you find a passage that may apply to your assignment, create brackets around the text. Then, record significant observations or ideas in the margins. Be prepared to explain how the passage or quote relates back to your argument or thesis for the assignment. How to Cite Movie Lines in MLA in an Essay | Pen and the Pad Movie lines can provide relevant punch to an essay. But if you quote a film, be sure to cite it just as conscientiously as you would cite a novel or poem. The first requirement is to quote the movie precisely; any words in quotation marks must be identical to the actual lines spoken in the movie. You also need to know ... Do you underline a TV show in an essay? -\n\n\nShould An Annotated Bibliography Have A Title - Essay Writing ... Explain a process (How to Write an Essay) Deliver an argument (The Case Against Essay Questions) Critique (My Least Favorite Movie) Essays can be either long or short, serious or humorous, formal or informal. It can describe your opinions or be a synopsis of expert opinions. The trick to writing a good one is to stay on topic. Annotated Bibliographies - The Writing Center What this handout is about. This handout will explain why annotated bibliographies are useful for researchers, provide an explanation of what constitutes an annotation, describe various types of annotations and styles for writing them, and offer multiple examples of annotated bibliographies in the MLA, APA, and CBE/CSE styles of citation.\n\nHow to Write a Title of a Movie in a Paper | Pen and the Pad\n\nAnnotated Bibliography Introduction Paragraph\n\nHow to cite a documentary film (Harvard style) in the ... Inside the text you'll need to write title and year; the filmmaker's name, format and place of recording should be included only in the reference list, not in-text. How to Write an Evaluation Paper with Sample Essays I need your opinion on writing an evaluation essay about the dangerous of marijuana my problem that I didn't wrote an evaluation essay before only argument essays can you help me with any suggestion about this topic also with suggestion building my criteria, and how to distinguished between argument type of dissolution and evaluation because ... 45 Easy Essay Hooks for How to Write a Good Introduction", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9985393285751343}
{"content": "Send me real-time posts from this site at my email\n\nRead This Before Investing in Renewable Energy\n\nIt's no secret that renewable energy, in this case, wind power, is a long-term growth industry. Indeed, leading energy industry bodies such as the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) believe that, on average and without tax credits, onshore wind power will make more financial sense than combined cycle (gas and steam) power within the next 20 years. However, the industry's growth will be lumpy at best, and investors will need to be stock selective because end-market conditions will vary over the next decade. Here's why.\n\nThree arguments about renewable energy\n\nI want to flesh out the following points:\n\n  • Wind power has long-term growth prospects, but global onshore wind power installations will be flat in the medium term, while global offshore installations will likely only take off in 2025 and afterward.\n  • Reports of the death of gas power have been greatly exaggerated, and combined cycle plants still have a future.\n  • Given this combination, it makes sense to invest in companies like General Electric (NYSE: GE) and Siemens Energy (OTC: SMEG.F).\n\nImage source: Getty Images.\n\nMedium-term wind power installations\n\nAll the leading wind power companies, including GE, Siemens Gamesa (OTC: GCTAY), and Vestas (OTC: VWDRY), cite research from consultancy Wood Mackenzie when making forecasts, so it's no surprise that they are all saying a similar thing about medium-term demand. The critical number to follow in the power industry is installations measured in gigawatts (GW).\n\nI've added trend lines in the chart below so readers can get an idea of the medium-term situation. Overall new installations will grow between 2020 and 2025, but this is because of offshore wind power growth. On top of new installations, wind power companies have an opportunity to grow revenue through repowering aging turbines. That's part of the reason why GE is taking action to recycle repurposed wind blades -- it will encourage more repowering activity.\n\nData source: Wood Mackenzie. Chart by author.\n\nIn this environment, I think Siemens Energy (a company that comprises a 67% share of Siemens Gamesa and the former gas and power business of Siemens) and the renewable energy business of GE are more exciting businesses than Vestas and others.\n\nFocusing on Vestas is illustrative. Wall Street analysts have the company's revenue peaking at 16.7 billion euros in 2021, only to decline for the next couple of years. Furthermore, Vestas' management expects its offshore power business to peak in 2021-2022 at around 2 billion euros to 2.5 billion euros, before declining to 1 billion euros to 2 billion euros in 2023-2024 and then finally rising to 3 billion euros in 2025. In a nutshell, if you buy Vestas, you should be ready to wait until 2025 for a significant pickup in revenue.\n\nSiemens Energy and GE\n\nThe name of the game for Vestas is margin expansion, but in this regard, it might make sense to buy Siemens Energy or GE instead. The difference is that Vestas already has a decent profit margin, but GE Renewable Energy and Siemens Gamesa (remember that Siemens Energy owns 67% of Siemens Gamesa) have more potential to grow their margin and, therefore, profitability.\n\nWall Street analysts expect Siemens Gamesa to grow revenue at a mid-to-high-single-digit rate in a couple of years after 2021, and profit margin is forecast to get back to high single digits by 2022. Meanwhile, GE's management expects GE Renewable Energy to grow revenue at a mid-single-digit rate and turn margin positive in 2022 while aiming to reach the high-single-digit rate in the future.\n\n\n2019 Profit Margin\n\n2020 Profit Margin\n\n2021 Estimated Profit Margin\n\n2022 Estimated Profit Margin\n\nSiemens Gamesa\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGE Renewable Energy*\n\n\n\n\n\nData source:, Siemens Gamesa, and Vestas are analyst consensus. *GE management guidance for segment margin.\n\nOne key difference with GE Renewable Energy is that it's growing its offshore business from a low base. Management expects to grow its offshore revenue from just $200 million in 2020 to $3 billion by 2024. Simply put, GE is growing in the right area of the market.\n\nImage source: Getty Images.\n\nGas power isn't dead\n\nThe second reason to favor Siemens Energy and GE (GE also owns a substantive power business) comes from two ideas suggesting that gas power and gas turbines still will play a significant role in energy production.\n\nFirst, if gas prices fall over the long term, it will become relatively cheaper to use gas turbines to generate electricity. Renewable energy is substantially more expensive in terms of upfront costs, but its fuel source is essentially free. Lower gas prices would reduce that advantage.\n\nSecond, renewable being cheaper only makes more sense now, on average, because of tax credits. Moreover, renewable energy won't be the best option worldwide. Even if the average cost of renewable energy is less than a combined cycle plant, it won't be the case everywhere. There are plenty of geographic, political, and environmental factors at play here.\n\nWhat it means for investors\n\nAll told, renewable energy investors can expect a bright future but need to be ready for some varied conditions in the next few years. It makes sense to look at the companies that can grow their earnings significantly through margin expansion (GE Renewable Energy and Siemens Gamesa).\n\nAlso, don't be surprised if gas power makes a comeback after a half-decade slump in orders. Some exposure to gas turbine demand (GE and Siemens Energy) when onshore wind power is set for a flat period makes sense, too.\n\n10 stocks we like better than General Electric\n\nDavid and Tom just revealed what they believe are the ten best stocks for investors to buy right now... and General Electric wasn't one of them! That's right -- they think these 10 stocks are even better buys.\n\nSee the 10 stocks\n\n*Stock Advisor returns as of February 24, 2021\n\nLee Samaha owns shares of Siemens Energy AG. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.\n\n\nPopular posts\n\nWelcome! Is it your First time here?\n\n\nApply & Continue", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6050630211830139}
{"content": "More Money to MIVILUDES: The French “Mind Police” Is Back\n\nPatricia Duval\n\nThe French government, in the person of its minister Marlene Schiappa, took a very questionable decision by choosing to increase funding to the \"anti-religious police\", the controversial ministerial mission called MIVILUDES, now under the ministry of the Interior. Bribing this anti-religious body with French taxpayers' money means directly funding the infamous FECRIS (European Federation of Centres of Research and Information on Cults), which has always been financed largely by MIVILUDES. Let us remember that FECRIS, through its federated micro associations scattered as metastases in dozens of European and non-European countries, has been trying for decades to negatively influence the policies of the governments of these countries with regard to freedom of religion and belief. Their main activity is the spread of alarmist news about religious minorities, a drip of always inflated, often altered, \"news\", when they are not simply invented. An interminable campaign of hatred and disinformation that has been going on for years. This is what the French Minister has chosen to finance with public money, thus influencing also countries that do not share French liberticidal positions.\n\nOn the subject we publish an article by the French lawyer Patricia Duval, member of the Scientific Committee of FOB.\n\nThe governmental anti-cult mission that his former member, sociologist Olivier Bobineau, denounced as a “police des esprits” will receive € 1 million per year.\n\nby Patricia Duval — On April 9, 2021, the French Minister Delegate for Citizenship at the Ministry of Interior, Marlène Schiappa, was interviewed by France Info. She announced that MIVILUDES, the Inter-ministerial mission for monitoring and combating cultic deviances (dérives sectaires), which is now part of the Ministry of the Interior, will experience a revival of sort.\n\nAfter MIVILUDES’ gradual disappearance during the last few years, especially since 2015, when priority was given to combating Islamist terrorism, Schiappa has now decided to multiply its present budget by ten, to reach euro 1 million per year.\n\nThis announcement followed the publication of a report by MIVILUDES in February 2021, and the issuance of new Circular on the French anti-cult policy in March.\n\n\n1. MIVILUDES’ Report of February 2021\n2. A new Circular to increase repression based on denunciations\n3. Seeking more prosecutions\n4. The mind police\n\n1. MIVILUDES’ Report of February 2021[⬆︎]\n\nThe report contains mainly generalities on the fight against cultic deviances, as the Mission did not want to cite specific names or groups, either due to pending judiciary procedures or to avoid being accused of stigmatization.\n\nHowever, an inventory of the “new trends of cultic deviances” was attached to the report. Although the report mentions that only 25% of the complaints it received in 2019 were connected with religious beliefs, the inventory contains a section on “Religious Movements,” where the Jehovah’s Witnesses are accused of having taken advantage of the health crisis linked to Covid-19 to carry out “abusive proselytism” amongst the French population, through mails and emails.\n\nIt also mentions that new Evangelical Churches allegedly advocate “values contrary to those of the French Republic,” including the demonization of homosexuality.\n\nDemonstration against the MIVILUDES in Paris\n\n2. Demonstration against the MIVILUDES in Paris\n\nA new Circular to increase repression based on denunciations[⬆︎]\n\nOn March 2, 2021, Schiappa, issued a new Circular to all police high officers on the French “policy to combat cultic deviance.”\n\nIt gives instruction for the detection of “high risk situations,” based on reports received from “persons linked to those subjected to the undue influence of cultic groups, or in the process of being subjected to it, who might be worried and report their concerns: family, neighbors, friends, teachers or colleagues, health professionals, social, cultural, sport or leisure workers, etc.”\n\nThe purpose of “reporting” on someone is, according to the Minister, to “allow if needed for his/her protection and that of society.” Schiappa states that “the rules of professional secrecy are not systematically incompatible with reporting a situation identified as problematic.”\n\nApparently, the Minister believes that professionals should be exempted from the rules of professional secrecy and file these reports, although violation of professional secrecy is a criminal offense in France.\n\nAccording to her, this policy based on denunciations is part of the “fight against all forms of separatism.”\n\nCultic deviances are then considered as dangerous as the other forms of separatism, including “Islamist” extremism, that the new law currently being voted by the Parliament is intended to counter.\n\nThis is why she recommends applying against “cults” Article 212-1 of the Internal Security Code, which allows for the dissolution of armed groups and militias by the Executive.\n\nThis Article has been amended in the new Law proposal to allow for dissolution of groups inciting hatred or discrimination based on gender or sexual orientation. As the Evangelicals are accused of homophobia by MIVILUDES, this article may become applicable to them.\n\n3. Seeking more prosecutions[⬆︎]\n\nThe Circular also gives instructions to systematically refer to the Prosecutors reported cases of “mere suspicion of deviant practices.”\n\nIt recommends using MIVILUDES’ files (consisting of denunciations and derogatory press articles) to “enrich the reports sent to the judicial authorities.”\n\nNot only does this interference of the Executive (MIVILUDES) on the Judiciary infringe fundamental rights, creates an imbalance between the prosecution and the defense, and violates the principle of presumption of innocence, but the instruction to prosecute “mere suspicions” of “cultic deviances” raises a serious problem, due to the vagueness and the arbitrary nature of this notion.\n\nA “cultic deviance” is defined in the Circular as an action which may “undermine one’s freedom of thought, opinion, or religion, infringing on public order, laws and regulations, fundamental rights, or the security or integrity of the individual.” All this constitutes “undue influence.”\n\nA “cultic deviance,” according to the MIVILUDES, is characterized by the implementation by an organized group or a single individual, whatever their nature or activity, of “pressures or techniques designed at creating, maintaining or exploiting a state of psychological or physical subjection, by depriving the individuals of part of their free will, with prejudicial consequences for them, their relatives, or society.”\n\nUnder this definition, any religious minority deemed to have “deviant” beliefs can be accused of undue influence, and of creating a state of psychological subjection. New followers can be deemed to have lost their free will when they adhere to these beliefs.\n\nThe notion of the loss of free will for adults with full mental capacity who have chosen beliefs that are “not politically correct” contradicts the basic fundaments of civil law. It amounts to an invalidation of a choice freely made on religious or spiritual matters.\n\nConsidering that followers have lost their own free will also open the door to the criminalization of proselytism. To this end, Annex 2 to the Circular gives a list of criteria for reporting to the Prosecutor, amongst which is “Proselytism: the method of recruitment of followers, the time invested, the specific targeting, infiltration, the use of a website.”\n\nProselytism by the Jehovah’s Witnesses can then be labeled as “abusive” by MIVILUDES since they consider that it constitutes “infiltration” (entrisme) and a “deviant practice.”\n\nThis approach constitutes a blatant violation of freedom of religion or belief protected by the Human Rights treaties France has committed to.\n\nIn its 1995 decision Kokkinakis v. Greece, the European Court of Human Rights did not find any violation when some Greek Jehovah’s Witnesses called on their neighbor to discuss religious issues with her since that act, in the Court’s view, fell under “bearing Christian witness,” and was therefore protected by article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights.\n\n4. The mind police[⬆︎]\n\nMIVILUDES appears to play the role of a mind police, through its power to distinguish between “deviant” or “non-deviant” beliefs and practices.\n\nOlivier Bobineau is a sociologist of religion and lecturer at the Catholic Institute of Paris and the Institute of Political Sciences (Sciences-Po). He resigned in 2005 from his position as scientific advisor at MIVILUDES and has been from January 2006 to January 2011 a scientific associate of the Director of the Central Office for Religious Affairs (Bureau Central des Cultes) at the Ministry of Interior.\n\nBased on his experience at MIVILUDES, Bobineau is of the opinion that “MIVILUDES plays the role of an administrative mind police, which searches for scapegoats and stigmatizes certain groups.” In an interview he gave on 8 June 2009, he gave the following explanation:\n\nReporter: Is there, according to you, a stigmatization of certain groups or movements?\n\nO. Bobineau: Yes, it belongs to the French tradition of suspicion of the spiritual, of opposition of freedom of thought, political and philosophical, and freedom of conscience, spiritual. This latter is suspect as it has generated religious passions from which France has still not yet recovered: extremely violent confrontations between Catholics and Protestants, opposition between the Church and the Republican State at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century… Since then, freedom of conscience is suspect, deemed irrational. In the name of freedom of thought, people want to control it. MIVILUDES plays the role of an administrative mind police, which looks for scapegoats and stigmatizes small groups.”\n\nMIVILUDES is the State arm for deciding what is deviant or not, and assigning the “cultic” label. But why would the ethos of churches advocating traditional marriage between a man and a woman be more deviant than the words of Minister Marlène Schiappa, when she stated to the public, referring to the prohibition of polygamy, that “three-partner sex” could still be practiced?\n\nSchiappa: “Three-partner sex [plans à 3] will not be forbidden” [by an anti-polygamy law].\n\nThe enforced dogmatism of MIVILUDES constitutes an actual violation of the freedom of conscience and belief.\n\nThe revival of MIVILUDES represents a serious step backwards.\n\nAnd the reintegration of Georges Fenech, former investigating judge and MIVILUDES President, who was known for his brutal raids with journalists into small harmless religious communities, out of any judicial mandate or procedure, is not a good signal for fundamental liberties in a country boasting to be the land of human rights.\n\nSource: Bitter Winter", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9499210715293884}
{"content": "Theoretical framework dissertation help\n\nTo better understand what a dissertation theoretical framework consists of, it may be best to understand the place of theories in academia.\n\nTheoretical framework dissertation help\n\nBibliography Definition Theories are formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge within the limits of critical bounding assumptions.\n\nThe theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains why the research problem under study exists.\n\nTheory Building in Applied Disciplines. Importance of Theory A theoretical framework consists of concepts and, together with their definitions and reference to relevant scholarly literature, existing theory that is used for your particular study.\n\nThe theoretical framework must demonstrate an understanding of theories and concepts that are relevant to the topic of your research paper and that relate to the broader areas of knowledge being considered. The theoretical framework is most often not something readily found within the literature.\n\nYou must review course readings and pertinent research studies for theories and analytic models that are relevant to the research problem you are investigating.\n\nThe selection of a theory should depend on its appropriateness, ease of application, and explanatory power. The theoretical framework strengthens the study in the following ways: The theoretical framework connects the researcher to existing knowledge.\n\nGuided by a relevant theory, you are given a basis for your hypotheses and choice of research methods. Articulating the theoretical assumptions of a research study forces you to address questions of why and how.\n\nIt permits you to intellectually transition from simply describing a phenomenon you have observed to generalizing about various aspects of that phenomenon. Having a theory helps you identify the limits to those generalizations. A theoretical framework specifies which key variables influence a phenomenon of interest and highlights the need to examine how those key variables might differ and under what circumstances.\n\nBy virtue of its applicative nature, good theory in the social sciences is of value precisely because it fulfills one primary purpose: Answers from the Social and Cultural Sciences. University of Tennessee Press, ; Drafting an Argument. How Conceptual Frameworks Guide Research. Research Methods Knowledge Base.\n\nDeveloping Theory from Practice. Strategies for Developing the Theoretical Framework I. Developing the Framework Here are some strategies to develop of an effective theoretical framework:Statistics Solutions is a dissertation editing service with expertise in every aspect of the dissertation from both a quantitative and qualitative approach.\n\nTheoretical framework dissertation help\n\nSep 15,  · Thesis question vs thesis statement and Theoretical framework thesis proposal in help to students. dissertation question help write my paragraph for me. thesis statement examples about leadership.\n\nterm paper rewriter biological research papers. free essays online. Conceptual Framework. The basis for conceptualizing the technology of food dehydration process’ inclusion in the high school curriculum and in the vocational course offering is to provide an option window for secondary level students to acquire skills and knowledge aside from the basics taught in the other subjects that can lead to a path to .\n\nThat was a theoretical framework example to guide the students like you to get hold on your fear of working on it. But remember not to use it as it is!Theoretical framework examples have got more weightage for the marks.\n\nEvery dissertation needs to have a theoretical foundation or a conceptual framework (or both) that is discussed in the literature review section.\n\nSample problem statement and research questions\n\nThe theoretical foundation is important because it will be the lens through which you evaluate your research problem and research questions. Contemporary Metaphilosophy. What is philosophy? What is philosophy for?\n\n\nHow should philosophy be done? These are metaphilosophical questions, metaphilosophy being the study of the nature of philosophy.\n\nOne Click Essay: Theoretical framework dissertation help FREE Revisions!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9434472322463989}
{"content": "A philosophy can not be summed up in a slogan or an advertising hook, I will allow myself here to develop the reflections which are at the origin of this project.\n\nRESPECT is the starting point, the basis of my philosophy.\n\nI think that respect must be a sine qua non condition at the origin of any project.\n\nWhat are the actions that come into play in the production of chocolate? And what are the direct and indirect consequences to take into consideration to ensure the production of a respectful and respectable chocolate? A quick list of the elements to be respected would be: the Earth, the farmers, the chocolate makers, the consumers. I will then introduce other elements.\n\nI am often called an extremist. Yes, thank you, that's right. I am for extreme respect and extreme common sense. Do not stop in the middle of an idea, but go all the way! Do not just hit my neighbor a bit but do not hit him at all…\n\nThe Earth being our home to all, without exception, like a huge common house, it seems logical to respect it. If we break a piece of wall here and a part of framework by there, without repairing the damage, it is our comfort to all which is in danger, even our survival because damage after damage there is a threat of collapse. To avoid the double effort: that of breaking then that of rebuilding, it is easier not to affect the Earth and to respect it as it is. Especially since, unlike a house, the Earth does not require any maintenance, it is autonomous to keep itself in good condition, provided not to affect its natural functioning.\n\nCocoa must therefore come from a non-destructive farming, called organic farming. I'm not talking here just about the organic label, which does not by itself ensure the farmer's good intentions towards the Earth. Indeed, a farmer certified organic can participate in destroying the Earth, and conversely a farmer not labeled organic can very well have non-destructive biological practices. Respect goes much further than just a label.\n\nBy the way, why was the BIO label invented, should not we instead introduce a NON BIO (or NON-RESPECTFUL) label, which would be fee-based and mandatory. The amount of the fee would correspond to the cost of cleaning up poisons used, land recovery after use for future generations, and participation in social security costs for the health problems generated? We would soon realize that organic products are cheaper… much better, right? Indeed, all these costs that result from non-respectful agriculture, are nowadays the responsibility of all, through taxes, social charges and health problems. What a great lesson for our children: Theft is encouraged and lucrative, and even called CONVENTIONAL.\n\nMy vision of a respectful agriculture is the absence of use of any product of synthesis, without exception, the respect of the ground (its nature and the life which composes it) as well as the respect of the local biodiversity (fauna and flora). All these elements, when they are respected, work for the Earth and its inhabitants (including the human being, who persists in domesticating and controlling his entire environment, wasting energy for very negative results).\n\nI would have been treated as an extremist a few years ago, I dare to hope that respectful agriculture, called organic, no longer shocks today.\n\nFarmers (employers and employees) also deserve respect. Slavery is unfortunately still relevant today. A few hundred years ago, wanting to give rights to a slave would have been considered madness, even terrorism. Today, fortunately, people who have stood up for the abolition of slavery have gone from being terrorists to being heroes. How to explain that a cocoa farmer earns only 1% of a chocolate maker's salary? Does he work less hard? Is it not a cooperation?\n\nAgain a label HARVESTED BY SLAVES, or HARVESTED BY UNDER-PAID MEN should exist! There is trade, called fair trade, which provides so-called fair revenues. Let's analyze this a bit. A work day will bring the farmer an income of the order of one euro. The remuneration of other stakeholders (carrier, processor, chocolatier, distributor, consumer, fair trade controller,…) will be of the order of one hundred euros. The so-called fair trade provides a little better income to farmers, say on average, no more than double, which is good you say… but far from what I would call fair. I would call it \"little less unfair trade\".\n\nIt is widely accepted that a person living in a so-called developed or northern country needs a higher income than a person living in a so-called third world or southern country.\n\nIndeed in the northern countries, spending is higher: housing, car, education, health … than in the southern countries. It would therefore make sense that incomes are also higher. But in fact, if we really compare, a car of equivalent quality is often much more expensive in the southern countries, the same for housing, education, health,… It is actually just accepted that the comfort of life is tied to the standard of the country, so that a southerner does not need the same comfort as a northerner. Is it fair? My concept of comfort is far from what is considered standard in the northern countries, I would need much less (or say different), so I will not go into the debate about what should be the level of comfort, but at least let everyone have the freedom to choose for themselves. If we allow ourselves a certain income, can we agree to give our southern colleagues 100 times less? I am not in favor of a strict control system, which would spend (waste) a lot of human energy, but at least that the benefits of the cocoa trade should be distributed more equitably and according to the work provided, and not according to the geographic or hierarchical position of the work provided.\n\nIt also seems important to me to point out that a large number of slave children have been observed coming from kidnappers who trafficked children in West African cocoa-producing countries. This is a repugnant practice, to be banned altogether, but which, in my opinion, is the result of the price forcing down by the giants of cocoa trade and processing, which operate quasi monopoly on the market and therefore have the opportunity to set prices as they please.\n\nTo stop slavery, it would redistribute this monopoly to an infinity of small artisans, in direct contact with farmers to organize a trade respectful of all, without possibility (nor willingness) of blackmail.\n\nI will quickly pass on the respect of chocolate makers, I will just say that like farmers, they deserve good working conditions and income according to the work provided and energy spent, rather than according to the stock market and the \"competition\", by the way, I dream that this word is transformed one day in cooperation. Competition might help to push some people to give the best of what they can, but from a global point of view, it is very inefficient because this is a waste of human energy : different people with the same goal are working against each other to become the first or the best, when they could achieve so much more by sharing and working hand in hand.\n\nThis brings us to the respect for the other chocolate makers. By doing low quality and/or cheap products, we impact the perception of the whole chocolate world. By doing cheap products, it lowers the global value of chocolate. Too cheap products are becoming the standart, the reference. A normal priced product is then called expensive when it's supposed to be the reference if we wish to live in a fair world. Large retailers champions at pushing producers to sell them their products at a very low price, giving them the opportunity to sell a larger amount. The same happens with the quality, as low quality chocolate is now the standart. Respecting the other chocolate makers means to me giving the fair price, doing high quality products and refuse to sell throught large retailers.\n\nRespect for the consumer is the result of this whole chain of respect. The Earth being respected, will give the best to the farmer, who is also respected will do his best to produce the best quality of cocoa possible for the chocolate maker, who also being respected will do the same to produce the best chocolate to, at the end, delight the consumer, who will enjoy a healthy chocolate, good and full of love, that will be gracefully given back to the Earth after good use. The cycle is complete.\n\nTo this I would add the crucial step of importing. As cocoa is an exotic fruit, growing only around the equator, we therefore resort to the transport of goods over long distances. Nowadays, it is common practice to import almost everything we eat, food or otherwise. Each region of the globe specializes in production to meet the demands of the rest of the world. This results in an infernal and continual coming and going of all sorts of goods traveling thousands of kilometers before reaching their destination. We come to bring from the other side of the world what we already have on the spot. This is often due to the difference in the price of labor between different regions of the world. A certain amount of working hours + transportation over several thousand kilometers cost less than the same amount of local working hours without transportation. It doesn’t make any sense to me. We come back to the above: do not allow disproportionately higher incomes to our partners in the rest of the world (or in other words: do not allow us to compensate the work of our partners disproportionately less than ours), and this problem will be from the past. Locating the production of what we can, and keeping the imports only for products impossible to produce locally, and consider these products as luxury products. This is exactly the case with cocoa. The current means of transport are very harmful for our environment. By locating production, it is quite possible to reduce imports / exports to a fraction of what they are today. For the rest, nothing is better than the wind, clean and inexhaustible energy, to move the goods on long trips at sea. The sailboat is the solution that seems to me the most suitable for the transport of cocoa.\n\nI would like to finish on a very important point in my eyes. I'm talking about a sensitive subject. Surely as sensitive, if not more than the abolition of human slavery a few hundred years ago. All the more sensitive because these are traditions that have not been questioned until now, and therefore accepted by all as normal since childhood, as an integral part of our society and of ourselves. It is not uncommon for a tradition to justify horrors, as we have observed in all periods of history. At each period its challenges. We are no longer burning witches, racism and sexism are not what they used to be, plastic is starting to make people talk and people are starting to get rid of it. I fully understand this mechanism that drives us to protect traditions. We are products of our traditions, how to question a whole life? How to question entire generations, centuries, millennia of traditions? I have a regret with the traditions: it is that the practices are transmitted, but not the reasons which are at their origins. We therefore have no choice but to accept them by forced and unconscious practice since birth. If we would focus as much in transmitting the history of tradition as the practice of tradition itself, then we would have a real free will to accept the acceptable and reject the unacceptable.\n\nThis subject that I want to talk about is that of the condition of our cohabitants on Earth: the rest of the animal world; whose living conditions depend mainly on the human will. They became submissive beings with no self-determination of their lives. I wish for myself to be free and independent, not to be the private property of anyone. In the same way, I wish it to all, human or not. Human is almost omnipresent on Earth, everything is organized to serve its function, without the knowledge of other living beings.\n\nSo to the other respects stated above I would add respect for animals. In the manufacture of chocolate, this involves the exclusive use of plant based products, so as not to be involved in the massacre or slavery of innocent people who have done nothing wrong and do not deserve their deprivation of freedom or even the death penalty.\n\nI’m aware that the tradition of eating, killing and using animals for the pleasure of our taste buds is firmly rooted in our traditions. But for all animals, I hope that in the near future these traditions will be considered as prehistory.\n\nFrom a purely egoistic point of view, and to the dismay of the pharmaceutical industry, the abolition of this slavery would lead to a revival of vitality and a much better public health. So in addition to saving tens of billions of animal deaths, we would save millions of sick and premature human deaths, as well as all the health costs they incur.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6958997249603271}
{"content": "Who Am I? I’m A Creator, A Free Thinker…\n\n Who am I?\n\nBy Cathy Eck\n\n\nWho Am I?\n\nThis is my last post for a while.  I assure you that everything you need to get mentally and emotionally free is on this site and Gateway to Gold.  But you have to work at it.  You have to want freedom more than you want air to get it.  Reread old posts; what you understand will change as you let go.  You’ll often think that I changed the material, but I probably didn’t.  You changed.  Letting go happens in layers.\n\nChallenge your thoughts/beliefs, even if your mind is telling you with absolute certainty that what you’re experiencing or thinking is true.  Let go of positive beliefs, not just negative ones.  I talk about this in my article on the Triangle Process.  As you let go, you’ll answer life’s biggest question, “Who Am I?”   But don’t confuse what I’m saying with the eastern practice of asking that question over and over again.  My work has nothing to do with eastern teachings and practices.  People often get confused by that.  I didn’t understand this eastern confusion for a long time.  I had to mentor people who had it.  Then I put what I learned from working with them into the Gold Circle material.  They had what I call a True Self clone, and this was keeping them from letting go.  They learned the truth from some teacher or guru, or even studying someone’s writing intensely; and they put the learned truth into their false mind.  That blocked them from connecting with their real True Self.  Then they read and learned what I was saying like that would get them free.  They weren’t actually letting go.  They told themselves that learning was letting go.  It isn’t. You can’t learn your way to your True Self. \n\nI didn’t have that issue; I had never been a follower.  I didn’t even have much of a persona.  I could never lie very well.  So I didn’t understand what was going on with these people.  But I did want to help them get free; I felt that their desire for freedom was sincere.  I had to go into their illusion to understand why they were so stuck.  That period of research and mentoring others became the Gold Circle.  The clone is the masculine part of our false mind that can pretend to be our True Self.  It learns how to sound like a True Self, but it isn’t the True Self.  Clones confuse a lot of people these days.  Most of those popular spiritual teachers and gurus are very strong clones and that means that they project a lot.  Religious leaders are also clones who project sin on their followers.  Also progressive politicians are very strong clones that project a whole lot on their followers.  Their followers don’t realize what is happening.  It’s cruelty masked as caring.\n\nThus people who follow them come to believe that they don’t know who they are when they actually do completely know who they are.  They simply took a projection from a so-called spiritual teacher or charismatic leader.  In the Gold Circle, I help people let go of the clone voices that they put in their minds, and they start to realize that they do know who they are.  I can’t stop these clones from doing what they do.  They have the right to do what they want.  But I can tell you how to get free of them; then you return to your True Self.  You don’t need their truth; you had it within you all along.\n\nYou didn’t arrive on earth wondering who you were.  You were curious and alive…a True Self.  You saw someone walking, you watched them, you took the risk, and you walked.  You heard people talk, and you learned to speak and matched words to objects, people, and experiences.  Learning and life were fun.  But you were never supposed to learn beliefs or get a belief system of any kind.\n\nRecently, I heard on television that children’s brains are completely fired up until they start answering the question “I am…?”  They start creating a false identity, labeling themselves; and their brain appears to shut down.  As people get older they identify with their beliefs and their belief systems; they really start to shut down.  That is the start of what I refer to as the clone mind.  But I don’t talk about it much in the free material because it is very confusing.  Explaining the clone, and exposing popular clones, required that I put together a systematic way of approaching the subject.  It requires people to really want to do get free and not just be casual about letting go.  So the Gold Circle was born.\n\nIf you don’t have much of a clone, the free work will probably be all you need.  Either way, I require that people do my free work first, so do that and see if you are still stuck when you are done.  You need to already be letting go when you enter the Gold Circle.  I don’t teach the basics of letting go in that program.\n\nThat being said, I want to give you one big caution as you read my free work.  You were trained to learn and memorize what you read.  Stop IT!  Don’t learn what I’m saying.  I write to expose what is false.  I teach you how to let go by using your emotions and win-win logic.  Practice what I’m saying, and do it as you read.  Read slowly, and stop when you feel emotions; take the time to let go.  The more you practice, the easier it gets.  It’s a new way of using your mind and emotions.  It goes against what you have been trained to do.  Witness the emotions until you are free of that belief.  If you don’t know what I mean by witnessing, check out https://gatewaytogold.com/meditation-for-the-western-mind/.  Letting go can take minutes or days.  It depends on how much you’ve believed your beliefs in the past.  It depends how feminine you are to others.  It depends on how much you believe the clone voices in your mind.\n\nLetting go is easy; the illusion is very complex.  Those who are winning in the illusion don’t want us to escape.  This project for me has taken a lot longer than I thought it would.  I had no idea that I would run into so many tricks and traps, but I did.  So I had to deal with what came up; and that is why Gateway to Gold has developed into my main site with different paid programs.  However, don’t disregard what I’ve published here.  No Labels No Lies is the meat and potatoes of letting go.  Keep working at it until you completely understand what I’m saying.\n\n\n\nPeople taught you to see what they saw.  You learned there was danger, suffering, problems, and disease.  You came to believe that you could get hurt, or you could hurt someone.  You learned to judge and compare.  This didn’t make sense, but you figured that those who came before you must know the truth.  They didn’t know the truth, they knew their beliefs; and they believed that their beliefs were the truth.\n\nYou were given the knowledge of good and evil (the shit that caused us to fall).  Good now had an opposite…EVIL.  You learned to hate and fear other humans.\n\nWe see what we hold in mind…what we believe.  How do we get back to who we once were?   It seems impossible.  Their beliefs appeared to get stuck in our minds.  How did that happen?  We asked, and they answered.  They gave us reasons for why we were stuck; and those reasons were all lies.\n\n“You were born sinful.  Your memories of perfection are imaginary…visions of heaven.  Go to church to make sure you get to heaven when you die.”  What a crock of shit!  The east wasn’t any better…they gave you karma and a caste system.\n\nYour character was slowly constructed.  You learned to be good and worthy so you could get a good-paying role in society and work hard.  “Life isn’t meant to be easy,” they say.\n\nKnowledge consumed your mind.  Those who memorized the most knowledge got the best roles.  They’re called experts.  I call them clones.  Clones are great in the illusion; they are worthless once we want freedom.  Creative thinkers sound strange in the illusion.  Philosophers look lazy.  Artists starve.  Inventors can’t afford to create their inventions unless the inventions please “The Man.\n\nYour pure thinking and true goodness was replaced by an illusion built of beliefs in which you were judged on your ability to blindly follow.  When you got to the point where you feared judgment enough, you turned away from your True Self.\n\nA True Self is labeled evil by false selves.  The false self believes that creativity is for people with nothing else to do.  No one can see your thoughts anyway; it’s what you do that counts.  You conformed, but then you wondered, “Who Am I?”\n\n\nHad Enough?\n\nMaybe you attended workshops, saw therapists, and did processes and practices; yet you didn’t find the answer.  One day, you learned how to let go.  You let go of your beliefs regarding social protocol, religion, disease, problems, culture, and sin.  You released society’s rules from your mind.  You realized that others, even experts, had nothing to offer you anymore.  Slowly…you started to remember,  “I’m a creator.  What I think is what I become.”  \n\nYour problems came from accepting beliefs and then fixing the effects of those beliefs.  You finally knew which way to go.  You just had to keep letting go more and more until your mind was free.  But it is hard to trust such an insight.  No one is letting go.  Nearly everyone is learning…putting more crap in their mind.\n\n\n\nThe illusion runs on good/evil, right/wrong, or win/lose.  The illusion is false…powerless.  It’s believed by nearly everyone…but it isn’t real.  It’s projected from our collective beliefs.  You arrived with the truth, and you didn’t lose it.  You can’t screw up letting go.  You can’t let go of truth.  So you have nothing to lose by letting go, ever.\n\n\n\nAny thought/belief that has an emotional component is false, even if the whole world believes it’s true.  Your mind desperately wants you to believe that thoughts that feel bad are true, but you fight that temptation.  You let those thoughts go.\n\n\n\nHoly Shit!  You aren’t a fucking sinner.  The more you let go, the more you despise competition, oppression, and domination.  You’d never harm another.  You won’t even judge another anymore.  You realize that a true thought is win-win for everyone.  No belief system can be true.  Belief systems separate us.\n\n\n\nYou realize that those who have masculine (authority) roles make the rules.  The judging God was actually a human being…a false, power-tripping leader who imposed his illusion, where he wins and we lose, on everyone else in the name of God.  You don’t want to even play good roles in the illusion — they always harm someone.\n\n\n\nLeaders in false masculine roles often look like True Selves because they project their judgments and the unwanted half of their beliefs on to people in feminine roles.  You now see and hear the false masculine’s incongruence.  The leaders see enemies, evil, suffering, poverty, and disease because it’s inside of them.  It’s not true; it’s their illusion…their reality.  Underneath their mask is a powerless human who’s lost.  They’re pawns of the illusion fixing their own projections.  We should ignore them, not follow them.\n\n\n\nWe were programmed to see a physically-focused perspective of reality which blinds and confuses us. We look at the quality of people’s doing and ignore their thinking.  Sadly, false thinking looks normal.  True good comes from a pure mind.  When our mind is impure, we can look good by doing the right things; but we aren’t truly good.\n\n\n\nThe illusion told us that it could give us what we already were.  The illusion only lies.\n\nWhen we can no longer stand the illusion, we let it go.  As we let go of the judgments, labels, beliefs, and knowledge/expertise, we’re left with the truth.  We remember who we are.  We’re creators who bring our ideas to life for the benefit of everyone.  Keep letting go; don’t stop until you get to freedom.  It’s your birthright.\n\nValidation That You Are Going Toward Freedom\n\nGoing the right way?\n\n By Cathy Eck\n\n\nNew Thought\n\nThe New Thought movement made it much more difficult to follow the path of initiation.  It made thinking our way to success, wealth, and a hot, sexy body spiritual.  Jet planes and mansions now proved mastery.  Many teachers made whatever their false self liked a sign of spiritual mastery, and other false selves grabbed on for that ride.  Spirituality is big business.\n\nNew Thought teachers/preachers speak truthful ideas and thoughts to false selves who memorize them creating a spiritual-looking false clone of their True Self.  These leaders promote their beliefs as the truth; people throw their True Self under the bus to follow these charismatic leaders.\n\nPeople have more beliefs than ever.  They view their beliefs as right and true.  They impose them on others without questioning themselves.  People have adopted spiritual practices only to become more judgmental and more inclined to fix the effects of their thinking.  Finding the cause often seems like too damn much work when a little internet research and a swipe of the credit card can appear to solve anything.  We forget that science has limitations.  We will eventually run into a dead-end that we can’t fix.\n\nThere are moments in my own inner work that I think, “I could just fix that effect and people would find me much more believable.”  They wouldn’t notice my inauthenticity.\n\nBut I’d notice my inauthenticity.  Those who stick with this work often feel their progress doesn’t seem to matter.  People can’t see our True Self if their own illusory veil is too thick.\n\n\nSigns or Validation\n\nMost people look for signs to determine where to go.  As we purify our mind, we stop looking for signs.  Instead we receive validation that we’re going the right way.  It’s often a small insight, but it keeps us going.  If you’re serious about this path, forget about others and what they think of you.  Keep score of the improvement within your own mind.\n\nIn time, material things do come to initiates.  This isn’t a path of abstinence or lack.  Our health will improve; diseases will disappear.  We’ll have more energy and even look younger.  We’ll have the abundance we need and want if we just keep our eye on our own mind and let go.  Our desires will be fulfilled naturally when we have no beliefs that block them.\n\nWhen we put the purity of our mind first, everything works organically.  We become truly good and right, but we don’t use that for power over others.  This was the secret of the true initiates.  But religions and the occult put the physical reward first; they created the entrance to hell by falsely defining good and right and attaching rewards to their false rules.\n\n\nValidation:  You’re Going the Right Way If:\n\n1)  Using your will to fix or get anything seems like too much work.  You only want to use your will to let go of your thoughts and beliefs.\n\n2)  False desires are falling away.\n\n3)  You don’t want to judge people or gossip.  It feels bad to judge anyone.\n\n4)  People who others look up to don’t impress you.  Talent or beauty that’s used by the false self is no longer attractive.\n\n5)  You notice when you’re projecting on others.  You feel when others are projecting on you; you do a better job of rejecting their projection.\n\n6)  You find yourself courageously standing up for your True Self or standing up for the True Selves of others.\n\n7)  You don’t label emotions.  When you hear a thought that generates emotion, you know it’s false.\n\n8)  You don’t look for inspiration or motivation outside of yourself.  You feel more internally creative.\n\n9)  You aren’t looking for approval from others; you want to please your True Self. You’re no longer a fake nice person or a people pleaser.\n\n10)  You can’t lie.  It’s physically painful.\n\n11)  You aren’t paying experts (doctors, lawyers, therapists, psychics, trainers) anymore.  You were only wanting them to tell you what you already knew.\n\n12)  You avoid self-help workshops and no longer read voraciously to find answers.  Validation comes to you naturally now.  Insights come when you let go.\n\n13)  You’re starting to see the illusion as false.  Roles become obvious, authority looks impotent, and the notion of good and evil looks silly.  False just looks false.\n\n14) You no longer feel guilt, grief, or shame.  You don’t take responsibility for other people’s emotions.\n\n15)  You let go of beliefs; you don’t want to impose them on others anymore.\n\n16)  You find yourself calm and happy for no apparent reason.  You don’t hold others responsible for your joy.\n\n17)  Competition isn’t attractive…win-win is.\n\n18) False self connections don’t look like love anymore.\n\n19) You can create things with a single thought or a vision in your mind.  You don’t have to hammer at a thought with affirmations or visualize what you want for years to force your desires to manifest.\n\n20)  You’re more loving, more compassionate, and more genuine.  You realize that anyone trying to be positive, spiritual, healthy, or good has an impure mind that they’re trying to cover up with physical actions.  You have nothing to hide so you hide nothing.\n\n21)  You realize that your purpose was to find your Self not to be somebody in the illusion.\n\n22)  You love your inner world.  You use your imagination to create beauty and joy, not disease and suffering.\n\nWhen we let go, we gently and organically move into our perfect life; the painful things of the past now seem like an illusion…a dream.  We don’t long for things or people anymore; we know that our True desires will come to us.  We become calm, accepting, and courageous.  Letting go becomes a way of life; and our True Self/God is no longer up in the sky.  It’s within.\n\nWe realize that the truth has all the power and the false has none.  If we live and speak the truth, we break up the illusion for ourselves and others.  We eventually see a different, more perfect, world.  We’re going the right way.\n\n\n\n\n\nI Don’t Know What I (They) Believe?\n\n\nBy Cathy Eck\n\n\nWhat Do I Believe?\n\nPeople often say to me, “I don’t know what I believe.”  They also say, “I don’t have any beliefs.”  These two comments are the main reason the illusion thrives.\n\nThe fact that our thoughts and beliefs create our reality was hidden for a very long time.  During that time, people accepted all kinds of beliefs as explanations for how life worked.  In more recent times, it became known that our thoughts do create our reality; but we simply put that truth on top of our already accepted beliefs.  People try to consciously control their mind to get what they want.  Sometimes they think one thing and say another; that causes projection, which causes relationship hell.  Or they say something they don’t like, and then say, “I don’t believe that,” or “Cancel.”  \n\nIf we really don’t believe something, we won’t think it or say it.  We don’t have to cancel our words.  In fact, as we move toward freedom, we find it impossible to be incongruent.  Our thoughts, words, and actions will all line up.  Then we often realize that we still have beliefs that people don’t like when we speak truthfully.  We have to let those beliefs go too.\n\n\nWho’s Creating Our Life?\n\nPeople of all religions say,  “When life gives you lemons, you make lemonade,”  Even atheists say it.  But no one asks a very important question, “Who in the hell is life?”  “Who gave us those fucking lemons?”  A religious person might say, “God tempted us;” a New Ager might say, “The universe taught us a lesson.”  But the comment implies that we didn’t create our life.  We aren’t free if we don’t create our life.  We’re Life’s slaves.\n\nIf we’ve accepted complete responsibility for our lemons, we’d say, “I gave myself lemons, so I made lemonade.”  But no one says that.  One of the best ways to find beliefs about anything is to find out why we say what we say.\n\nWhen someone dies, we say: “Now they’re in a better place.”  Really!  We don’t know that.  What we know is that their body is in the ground or an urn.  We don’t have a clue where their mind/spirit went.  If we think/speak that belief, we believe something like earth ain’t so great.  We can’t get beyond suffering unless we die.\n\nNow people will say to me, “I don’t really believe that shit.  I just said that because I wanted them to feel better.”  You’re trapped.  First of all, you’re taking responsibility for their emotions; their emotions are caused by their thinking.  If you say what another wants to hear, you’re putting them in the masculine role.  You’re giving them power to create in your life because what they want to hear is more important than what you want to say.\n\nOur social protocol is carefully designed to make sure that we have no power over Life.  Listen to what you say, and you’ll uncover hidden beliefs.  Listen to what others say, and you’ll discover what they believe.  The mystery drains from Life real quick.\n\n\nWhy Did I Say That?\n\nIf we’ve had religious or self-help training, we often train our mind to be quiet or to say the right things.  But trained quiet isn’t real quiet.   Being trained to say the right things might be automatic, but it’s not authentic.  It’s the effect of being highly socialized.  The highly socialized no longer speak what they believe or think; they speak what they believe others want to hear.  Some people have told me that they actually put their attention so completely in other people’s minds that they know what that person wants to hear.  They’re proud of this when they should feel horrible.  I suspect that it’s what most psychics do, but they don’t realize they’re doing it.  Quite honestly, we don’t have any business in another person’s mind.\n\nLetting go of our fake social beliefs is very important.  We’re then admitting that our True Self is what belongs in society.  What doesn’t belong are social customs designed to make everyone alike and predictable.\n\nThe highly socialized do what is politically correct even if they resent it.  Their Universe or God or Life isn’t some supernatural being although they’ll say they’re trying to please God.  Their false God is actually everyone they’re trying to please — a whole shitload of human beings.  They live life as if everyone is God and they’re no one…a slave trying to please humanity.\n\nWaking up requires us to realize that what humans want from us is not what God wants from us.  We don’t know what God wants from us unless we’re living from our True Self; we only know what others have said God wants from us.  They say that God rewards and punishes…nope, people do that.  They say God judges; no, people do.  The biggest trap is created by people who tell us that God wants what actually fulfills their needs and desires while simultaneously keeping us small and submissive.  This doesn’t just happen in big business, big religions, or government, it happens in families.\n\n\nFake Gratitude\n\nWhen I was an entrepreneur, I felt thankful for the business that came my way.  I told my clients, not God, what they meant to me.  My words came from within; they were authentic.  Today, I bank at Wells Fargo; they train their employees to pretend gratitude.  It never feels good.  My son and I will do anything to avoid having to talk to a teller.  But most people don’t feel so they think the person means what they say.  Robots applaud other robots.\n\nThe reason that our false self says or does anything is because it was taught to do it.  It’s a robot.  When we take the memory out of a robot, we get nothing.  When we take the robotic memory out of a person, we get the truth…an authentic human being.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDealing with Fragile Egos as Characters\n\nfragile ego\n\nBy Cathy Eck\n\n\nFragile Egos\n\nWhen someone holds their beliefs as absolutely true, they become a “fragile ego.” Fragile egos exist at all levels of society.  We have to let them break to get free.\n\nFragile egos send a clear message:  “If you obey me, I’ll reward you.  If you disobey, I’ll punish.”  They’re clones of the Old Testament false God (imaginary leader of the illusion) who believe they’re good people with the right to judge and punish.\n\nWhoever disagrees with them is evil or bad.  Their biggest fear is exposure.  They lie and impose their beliefs on others in order to look powerful while hiding their belief that they’re weak.\n\nThe most dangerous fragile egos wear a nice mask causing them to look like a True Self.  They say and do what the illusion considers good; they generally look happy and calm.  They believe that what you do, not how you think, makes you good.  Good, by their definition gets rewarded.  That’s how the illusion works.\n\nBut the true world doesn’t work that way.  Rules and projection don’t exist outside the illusion, we manifest what we believe.\n\nUnderneath the fragile ego’s mask is an emotional storm; their actions aren’t congruent with their thinking.  They’re filled with rules and beliefs.  When we disobey or say, “No,” to their demands, their emotions roar.  They don’t see their OWN thinking as the cause of their emotions.  They blame the feminine role because their Adam-and-Eve based mythology gave them the right to.\n\nThe fragile ego projects their responsibility and emotions outward.  In fact, when we’re conditioned by fragile egos, we often become overly responsible.  We take responsibility for their emotions because they claim we’re the cause.  We aren’t.\n\n\nThe Wall\n\nIn mentoring, I call the eruption of the fragile ego, “hitting the wall.”  Letting go looks impossible.  Strong religious, scientific, or political views look absolutely true.  Arguing with the fragile ego does no good.  The fragile ego repeats its knowledge, rules, and beliefs like a robot.  It sees evidence that supports its thinking; it’s sure it’s right.\n\nWe only see evidence because we believe the cause.  We hold a really strong belief, but it’s still false.  If we let go of the causal belief, we’ll see different evidence.  When we try to challenge fragile ego beliefs in ourselves or others, psychological reversals kick in.  The thoughts clearly generate emotion, they’re not win-win, and they’re taking us away from freedom; but we can’t remember that the emotion means false.  Until we routinely catch this in ourselves, we won’t catch it in others.\n\n\nThey’re Characters\n\nOur OWN fragile ego consists of voice recordings acquired from others who forced their beliefs into our mind.  We did feel emotions when we first heard their words; but we were afraid to challenge them.  Their words are NOW constantly squatting in our mind.\n\nAfter letting go for awhile, we do come to know that the recordings are false.  And yet, people tell me that the fragile ego is still running their life.   They still behave as the fragile ego would want them to behave or say what the fragile ego would consider socially or politically correct.  They still can’t be themselves.\n\n\nAn Exercise\n\nImagine yourself in the center of your mind; see the fragile egos who have limited your life with beliefs, rules, and knowledge in the periphery of a giant circle looking at you.  They’re keeping you from leaving the circle.\n\nReview old memories in your mind. Bring up fragile ego encounters from the past. Let the fragile ego characters slowly replay the scene.  Discriminate and let go as they talk.  Also let go of any judgments or reasoning that arises in your mind about these characters. Judgment on your part keeps you stuck to them.  You might never see them again; but when you clean up their character in your own mind, you won’t meet that same sort of person again.  Of if you do, you’ll stay powerful.\n\nYou can take this even further.  We tend to think that we must change the real life fragile ego characters or get them to stop judging us.  But many of them will never change or stop judging.  Are you going to wait until they change to live your life?  I hope not.\n\nStep into their character within your own mind.  Speak their beliefs, and feel their emotions arise when they speak something false or judgmental.  Assume they can discriminate and let go, and do so.  It’s your mind!  These are your characters! You have the power to clean up their words in your mind.  In this way, we change the past.\n\nSee if this fragile ego still has power over you.  If so, ask yourself, “Why?”  Let go of the reasons that your mind gives you.  Clean up more memories.\n\nYou aren’t affecting the real life person in any way — good or bad.  When your mind is clear, they won’t bother you.  Their beliefs will only affect them.\n\nOur false minds were meant to be creative containers, separate and distinct from others people’s minds, so we could all create independently.  We’ve never had the right to impose our beliefs on others.  We only do it because others did it to us.\n\nWhen you realize that you don’t deserve their judgment, they don’t have power over you anymore.  When you understand that their rules are false, they don’t apply to you.  If they say that you’re hurting them, you don’t take it in.  In fact, I’ll often say to fragile egos, “You’re telling me what I should believe; how can I be hurting you?”\n\nFragile egos can be difficult.  But we can get through that wall if we take our rock hammer and chip away one belief or memory at a time.  Eventually, we’ll break through their highly tinted glass.  We’ll escape their influence without fighting them.  When we clean our OWN mind, they lose their false power.  They can’t harm us anymore.\n\n\nLabels: The Seeming True Self Destroyer (Part I)\n\nAmbigram NO Labels NO Lies\n\nBy Cathy Eck\n\n\n\nIf you’ve been reading this blog, you know that beliefs are disruptive lies that come disguised as the truth.  That’s why we accept them into our mind without discriminating.  We give others our beliefs with the intention of controlling or helping them because we can’t see beyond the belief to recognize that it’s false.  Labels are simply a collection of beliefs that we either hate or love.  Like beliefs, we often accept them without discrimination.\n\nTo escape the illusion, we must have precision in our words.  That precision supports us in seeing the difference between something illusory and something true.  The triangle process is a good way to develop word precision.  It helps us get real and identify what’s truly happening when words are exchanged.\n\nThe meaning of words is often reversed or confused in the illusion.  Beliefs are treated as if they’re true.  The false God is treated as the Creator; occult is confused with initiation.  Goodness, in the illusion, becomes obedience to authority.  Winning morphs into success when another loses.  The illusion is all about level confusion.\n\nLabels beg for word precision.  If you don’t have word precision, you confuse and harm others.  We do to others what was done to us until we recognize that what was done to us was false.  People in the illusion label people for eternity.  They say, “You’re incurable.”  You’re a victim of wackadoodle disease.”  “You’re an idiot.”  “You’re ugly.”  “You’re fat.”  “You’re a Smith and will always be a Smith.”  “You’re an Asian, gay, or Hispanic.”  The one label that would not harm us, we rarely use, “You’re a human being.”\n\nLabels also go the other direction, which is just as bad and more seductive.  “You’re a genius.”  “You’re beautiful.”  “You’re the Dali Lama.”  “You’re a saint.” or “You’re an old soul.”\n\nThen there are the labels that we give ourselves.  After I sold my technology business, I decided I wanted to go naked — not without clothes — without labels.  People would, of course, ask me what I did.  I’d say, “Nothing.”  No one could accept that.  “Are you a housewife?  A mother?  A retiree?  A homeless person?  A fucking antisocial idiot?”  They wanted me to own a label dammit.\n\nEventually, we figure that if we’re going to get labeled anyway, we’d better label ourself.  “I’m an artist.”  “I’m a Muslim.”  “I’m a sufferer of wackadoodle disease.”  You watch, someone labeled hypochondriac will think they have that disease!  “I’m a fighter for truth.”  “I’m an engineer.”  “I’m shy.”  The very way we speak labels by saying “I am” or “You are” gives them permanence, making change difficult or impossible.\n\n\nLabels Can Feel Like Murder\n\nWe must choose our wording carefully when discussing labels.  When someone asks what I do?  I answer in a temporary way.  Currently I mentor people and write.  In that way, I’m not defined by my current activity.  But our friends and family are often unkind and more permanent in choosing their labels.  They say,  “You’re so…..  You’re a ……  You always …..  You never…..”  They believe that what they see in us is true; it’s not.\n\nI learned to watch my language carefully in business.  If I defined someone by their errors, I’d destroy a very good employee.  With my children, I learned the same lesson.   I didn’t want to ruin my perfect child.  In the masculine role, I had to discriminate between true and false constantly.  It took lots of practice.  We all behave as false selves at times.  We live in a fucking false world.  That’s reality.  But that isn’t who we are.\n\nI learned that the truth looked like this, “You’re acting irresponsible today.”  The person was acting in a false way.  If it was my projection, the situation went away.  I avoided breaking my precious mirror.  If they were asking for help without knowing it, I offered help.  Often people do shitty things to us or behave in ridiculous ways because they’re asking for help without knowing it.  Letting go and then speaking in this way healed 80% of the situations.  The others were not correctable by me because they showed me something that they were reflecting for someone else in their life.  They wanted me to fix their handler; and I couldn’t do that.  But I could help them let go from the feminine role.\n\nBut one caution, this isn’t about saying the prettier words.  It’s about knowing the person isn’t inherently what they’re doing in this moment.\n\n\nYou Are vs. You Are Acting\n\nYou are acting… is a statement that opens the door to discover causal beliefs.  We can’t fix or find the cause of a problem if we think the problem is true — truth is immortal.  We don’t make friends or love someone by labeling them in a permanent way with “You are…”  We put them up against a wall when we do that.  No one can fix or change the truth.  We must admit something is false to let it go.  That is the secret of letting go.  Knowing that the words we thought or heard weren’t true.\n\nIf a doctor says, “You’re incurable,” find a new doctor.  If a teacher labels you ADD, get a new teacher.  If your preacher projects his sin on you, for God’s sake run like hell and find your True Self.  Sadly, people marinate in the soupy projection  of false masculine roles until they believe that the stone cast upon them was deserved.  It changes them forever and locks them into the illusion without an exit.  The only way to escape the label is to realize that it’s false.   We were just not acting like ourselves.  Or the person who said it was seeing their own reflection.\n\nOnce we realize that we’re just an actor, we can release the role we’ve played.  We can return to our own life path and find the happy ending to OUR own story.  We don’t have to live with our labels anymore.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6630260944366455}
{"content": "Do People Still Get Scarlet Fever?\n\nIs scarlet fever making a comeback?\n\nScarlet fever, a historic disease, is making a comeback in a select few countries and scientists are unsure why.\n\nWhether or not this trend will continue into 2020 remains to be seen, but affected countries and the public health community should rally to address this re-emerging threat head on..\n\nIs scarlet fever going around 2020?\n\nMeasles, scarlet fever among infectious diseases to watch for in 2020.\n\nCan scarlet fever go away on its own?\n\nScarlet fever is usually of mild intensity and goes away on its own in about a week without treatment. Scarlet fever is caused by Group A beta haemolytic Streptococci. In mild cases this might not cause complications but in severe infections there might be life threatening complications.\n\nHow common is scarlet fever today?\n\nScarlet fever, like strep throat, is more common in children than adults. It is most common in children 5 through 15 years old. It is rare in children younger than 3 years old.\n\nCan a child go to school with scarlet fever?\n\nChildren who have strep throat or scarlet fever should not go to school or to daycare for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics. The best way to prevent scarlet fever is to wash your hands often. Don’t share eating utensils, linens, towels, or other personal items.\n\nIs scarlet fever itchy?\n\nThe rash spreads over most of the body and is what gives scarlet fever its name. It often looks like a bad sunburn with fine bumps that may feel rough like sandpaper, and it can itch. It usually starts to go away after about 6 days, but might peel for several weeks as the skin heals.\n\nIs Scarlet Fever an emergency?\n\nThere are usually no further problems once your child receives treatment. If untreated, scarlet fever can cause other serious health problems. Be sure to contact your child’s healthcare provider right away if your child ever has a sore throat with a rash.\n\nHow many times can you catch scarlet fever?\n\nThe symptoms of scarlet fever will only develop in people susceptible to toxins produced by the streptococcus bacteria. Most children over 10 years of age will have developed immunity to these toxins. It’s possible to catch scarlet fever more than once, but this is rare.\n\nWhat are the long term effects of scarlet fever?\n\nIn general, appropriately diagnosed and treated scarlet fever results in few if any long-term effects. However, if complications develop for whatever reason, problems that include kidney damage, hepatitis, vasculitis, septicemia, congestive heart failure, and even death may occur.\n\nWhy is scarlet fever rare now?\n\nThe rash of scarlet fever is caused by a toxin that the strep bacteria produce. Scarlet fever once was common among children ages 2 to 10, but now it is relatively rare. The reason for this remains a mystery, especially because there has been no decrease in the number of cases of strep throat or strep skin infections.\n\nDo schools have to report scarlet fever?\n\nSchools, nurseries and other child care settings should promptly notify their local HPT of suspected scarlet fever outbreaks. GPs and other health practitioners caring for patients with scarlet fever should also report suspected outbreaks to their local HPT.\n\nIs Scarlet Fever back in USA?\n\nScarlet fever is not a reportable disease in the U.S., and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not track the condition. Scientists there are aware of the spike in cases in some jurisdictions, but a spokeswoman said officials have not heard of an increase in the United States.\n\nWhat is the mortality rate of scarlet fever?\n\nHistorically, scarlet fever resulted in death in 15-20% of those affected. However, scarlet fever is no longer associated with the deadly epidemics that made it so feared in the 1800s. Since the advent of antibiotic therapy, the mortality rate for scarlet fever has been less than 1%.\n\nWhat’s the difference between strep throat and scarlet fever?\n\nWhen the bacteria infect the throat, the illness is called strep throat. Streptococci can also produce a toxin which results in a distinctive skin rash. When this occurs, the illness is called scarlet fever.\n\nIs scarlet fever caused by poor hygiene?\n\nThe disease was very common in Britain in the 1800s and spread quickly due to cramped housing and poor hygiene – and was a death sentence. Nowadays, it lasts no more than ten days once treated with antibiotics and is less serious.\n\nHow long is scarlet fever contagious for?\n\nScarlet fever lasts for around a week. You’re infectious up to 7 days before the symptoms start until 24 hours after you take the first antibiotic tablets. People who do not take antibiotics can be infectious for 2 to 3 weeks after symptoms start.\n\nHow bad is scarlet fever?\n\nAlthough scarlet fever was once considered a serious childhood illness, antibiotic treatments have made it less threatening. Still, if left untreated, scarlet fever can result in more-serious conditions that affect the heart, kidneys and other parts of the body.\n\nHow many cases of scarlet fever are there?\n\nSince 1999, a total of 9,400 cases of scarlet fever have been reported in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 300 cases of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) and 600 cases of necrotizing fasciitis have been reported during this period.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8199511766433716}
{"content": "Does social networking encourage jumping to conclusions?\n\nJumping to conclusion as tic tac toe\nJumping to a conclusion has a place as an ability, not as a practice\n\nWhat is Jumping to conclusions?\n\nJumping to conclusions (officially the jumping conclusion bias, often abbreviated as JTC, and also referred to as the inference-observation confusion[1]) is a psychological term referring to a communication obstacle where one “judge[s] or decide[s] something without having all the facts; to reach unwarranted conclusions”.[2][3] In other words, “when I fail to distinguish between what I observed first hand from what I have only inferred or assumed”.[1] Because it involves making decisions without having enough information to be sure they are right, this can give rise to bad or rash decisions.\n\nIt is quite possible that by the very name of the tendency or practice, we may be inclined to classify JTC as something bad.  It is true, JTC can be bad as a practice, but in some cases, where it is exercised as evidence of intuition, it could even be something exceptionally good.  As a general principle, it is important to remember, that human beings are capable of several tendencies, but we settle upon certain ways of thinking as a matter of practice.  Jumping to conclusions could be an occasional, even useful, act but it does not qualify as a good practice.  We should rather aim for simplicity, steadiness, and thoughtfulness.\n\n Social networking and Jumping to conclusions\n\nWe typically interact with a news or a piece of information on social networks for no more than a few seconds.  It would be rare to find a person who interacts with a matter even for a few minutes.  In such a rush to reach for judgments, it is simply too easy to be conclusive with insufficient facts, and it is also possible to become stubborn in the face of social pressures, for or against.\n\nIt is no secret that social networking is not the ideal way to consume information.  There is the ever-growing volume of information, the inexhaustible diversity of views, and an endless avenue for debate.  Indeed, these are the very things that happen on social networks.  They continue to fuel the masses’ addiction to information.  They have become the perpetual occupation of the waking hours of billions of mankind.\n\nThe danger is when not only everyday persons but institutions and governments become part of the social networking setup.  In a tweet or a Facebook post, what a teenager says and what a newspaper says become the same.  And indeed, who is to say, if one or the other is without error?  That is a subsequent concern.  The more significant matter is the false equalization of all and everyone.  In this regard, I appreciate the view of Mr. Tom Nichols, the author of Death of Expertise.  He says:\n\n“These are dangerous times. Never have so many people had so much access to so much knowledge and yet have been so resistant to learning anything”\n― Thomas M. Nichols, The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters\n\nOn social networks, it is very easy to state an opinion as a fact and have those opinions gain traction by means of popular support.  Facts can be manufactured on social networks.  Skepticism, superstition, disbelief, and cynicism all play their role in creating an environment.  In the interest of keeping peace, one may adopt a permissive attitude but we can also not forget that unscrupulous ones can take advantage of a good man’s permissiveness.  In the overabundance of society and excess of democracy on social networks, one might start to become more and more self-centered, finding it to be a position of reason and safety.\n\nWhy the phenomenon of jumping to conclusions?\n\nReaching a sense of certainty produces a feeling of satisfaction in the human mind.  Prolonged uncertainty makes us uneasy unless one is willing and able to exercise patience over extended periods of time.  Looking for many such moments of confirmation whereby we can feel good about our conclusions, we might be getting into the mindset of looking for what continues to support our views.  What ends up happening is, we start a chain of events in our minds of looking for this satisfaction-through-confirmation, and eventually, we are beholden to some views as-well-as the community that is a proponent of those views.\n\nOur minds also work not only in terms of specific bits of information alone but also meaningfully connecting them to make patterns.  These patterns help us understand, help us perceive, help to communicate.  Jumping to conclusions becomes fairly easy when there are established patterns and predictable outcomes.  This starts to fail when diversity and volume of information start to exceed our mental patterns and we are left with difficult reconciliations.\n\nIt is not bad or wrong to have views.  We need them.  We have them.  The problem arises when we have jumped to the conclusion on a certain view or a community and become incapable of ever re-examining our stances.  This flexibility is not a weakness.  It is the mark of strength and fearlessness, for if we truly have come upon some truth, it will stand no matter how many times it is examined and re-examined.  We need not harbor fear over the truth in our minds.\n\nHaving said all these things, there is one thing still left to say as an example.  When a leader of the peoples shows inflexibility and unwillingness to listen as a mark of his powerful authority, it is a reason to be alert.  In his time, Jesus Christ was firm on one thing – he was the Messiah and that God’s Kingdom will rule the earth and heaven.  Today, there are men far less than him who are claiming that he was wrong and that they instead can lead mankind to a better proposition.  In specific matters, what they say can seem absurd or make sense, but overall there is a deviation from some central teaching.  And therein lies the point!  If we are to identify a leading idea or a leader of a people, we need to identify the central teaching.  In that examination, we should personally take time, and we should not jump to conclusions!\n\n\nShare this:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9698944687843323}
{"content": "As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.\n\nWhat is Saturated fatty acid in Biology? PDF | Download eBooks\n\nLearn Saturated fatty acid definition in biology with explanation to study “What is Saturated fatty acid”. Study saturated fatty acid explanation with biology terms to review biology course for online degree programs.\n\nSaturated fatty acid Definition\n\n  • A fatty acid that results from presence of no double bonds between carbon atoms composing a chain, so as many hydrogen atoms as possible are bonded to the carbon skeleton.\n\n    Campbell Biology by J.B. Reece, L.A. Urry, M.L. Cain, S.A. Wasserman, P.V. Minorsky, R.B. Jackson\n\nSaturated fatty acid Explanation\n\nA saturated fatty acid chain is formed when no double bonds are present on the chain which means that it is saturated with hydrogen atoms as there's no space left for the addition of more atoms.\n\nKeep Learning Biology Explanations\n\nWhat is Loose connective tissue?\n\nLoose connective tissue is a category of connective tissue which includes areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue. Loose connective ...\n\nWhat are Convergent evolution?\n\nConvergent evolution is the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of ...\n\nWhat are Stromatolites?\n\nStromatolites or stromatoliths are layered mounds, columns, and sheet-like sedimentary rocks that were originally formed by the growth of layer ...\n\nWhat are Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?\n\nAn aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, also called tRNA-ligase, is an enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid onto its tRNA. It does ...\n\nWhat is Data?\n\nStatistics and facts collected for reference, observation and analysis is known as data. Data is a set of values of ...\n\nWhat is Mitosis?\n\nMitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division gives ...", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9539944529533386}
{"content": "House poised for vote to roll back mortgage regs\n\nHouse poised for vote to roll back mortgage regs\n\nConsumer advocates are lashing back against a Republican-backed bill they say would open the door for the brand of reckless lending practices that led to the financial crisis of 2008.\nThe House is expected to vote Wednesday on the Portfolio Lending & Mortgage Access Act, a bill introduced by Rep. Andy BarrAndy BarrGOP lawmakers ask acting inspector general to investigate John Kerry Overnight Energy: Biden will aim to cut US emissions in half by 2030 | Oil and gas leasing pause on public lands will last at least through June Fed to form committee focused on climate risks to financial system MORE (R-Ky.) that the Center for Responsible Lending (CRL) says would weaken federal rules that took effect last year to ensure a borrower’s ability to repay a loan.\n“Not only does it open the door to past, but it opens the door to the past with a legal shield that’s not merited,” Yana Miles, CRL’S policy counsel, said of the bill.\n\nThe Consumer Financial Protection Bureau regulations, part of the government’s answer to the crisis, provide exempt small and rural banks from certain mortgage standards the agency created to prevent bad lending practices, while still providing them a “safe harbor” protection from federal penalties and lawsuits brought by borrowers who have defaulted on their loans.\nBarr’s bill would extend that safe harbor to all banking institutions and provide flexibility supporters say is needed for rules that are now too restrictive and have caused community bankers to decrease or eliminate their mortgage businesses.\n“Borrowers have to jump through hoops to show they have the ability to repay a loan,” said Joseph Pigg, senior vice president and counsel for the American Bankers Association. “If a bank is willing to make loan and hold it on their books, they have the credit risk and interest rate risk. If the bank is willing to make a loan to that customer, that really should be the only hoop they have to jump through.”\nFor a qualified mortgage status on a loan, under CFPB’s rules, a borrower’s debt-to-income ratio has to be 43 percent or less; the loan’s points and fees have to be less than or equal to 3 percent of the loan amount; the loan must not contain any risky features like negative amortization, interest-only or balloon payments; and the maximum loan term has to be less than or equal to 30 years.\n“Our members want to stay in business for the long-term, so they are only going to make loans that can be repaid,” Pigg said. “What we saw during the financial crisis was that lenders — many of which were non-banks — made loans and didn’t care if they were repaid because they would sell the loans right away.”\nThe Portfolio Lending & Mortgage Access Act, he contends would provide a safety valve to keep that from happening again.\nAccording to Barr’s office, a loan would lose its protection in the safe harbor created by the proposed legislation if it's securitized or sold into the secondary market.\nIn a statement to The Hill, Barr said his bill would give banks and credit unions greater discretion over their mortgage lending decisions if they are willing to keep those loans in portfolio and assume 100 percent of the risk.\n“The current one-size-fits-all, top-down, Washington-directed mortgage lending rules are limiting loans to creditworthy individuals, and contributing to consolidation and closures among community banks and credit unions,” he said, later adding that his bill would \"expand the dream of homeownership and grow our economy while protecting the health of the financial system and taxpayers from future bailouts.”\nThough banks would only remain protected if they held onto the loan, the Consumer Federation of America (CFA) said consumers would lose key protections altogether.  \nUnder the ability to repay rule, Barry Zigas, CFA’s director of housing policy, said a lender has an affirmative obligation to meet reasonable expectations that a borrower can comply with the terms of the mortgage presented.\n“That may seem commonsensical and something banks would have a natural indication to do, but we know from the financial crisis there were too many financial institutions that bypassed that and presented loans that put borrowers almost in an immediate risk to not be able to repay the loan.”\n\nThe House Rules Committee passed a resolution Tuesday night by a 7-1 vote to move the bill to the floor. One amendments offered by Rep. Donald Norcross (D-N.J.) will be considered at that time. The amendment clarifies that the safe harbor protections don't apply to banking institutions whose failure might trigger a financial crisis.\n\nAt its meeting, the committee received a letter from the Executive Office of the President saying Obama's senior advisors would recommend the president veto the bill if it were to make it to his desk.\n\nThe House is expected to vote Wednesday evening.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9485005736351013}
{"content": "Question: How Can Education Be Used As A Tool To Solve Social Problems?\n\nWhat problems can education solve?\n\nEducation can cure economic inequality.\n\nAnd poverty.\n\nAnd racism and sexism and homophobia.\n\nAnd it can bolster our national security..\n\nWhat are some social issues in schools?\n\nConsider this list of 10 major challenges currently facing public schools, based on the perspective of many involved in the world of education today.Classroom Size.Poverty.Family Factors.Technology.Bullying.Student Attitudes and Behaviors.No Child Left Behind.Parent Involvement.More items…•\n\nWhat are the major problems in schools?\n\nSchool problems: what to expect School problems can show up as poor academic performance, lack of motivation for school, loss of interest in school work, or poor relationships with peers or teachers. School difficulties range from minor to severe, might be very short-lived or last for longer.\n\nWhat role can school play to solve the social problem?\n\nRole of a School in Solving Social problems: They acquire various problems solving skills and techniques by working together. They can teach students to make healthy food choices and decrease the number of unhealthy food options available to students during their school time.\n\nWhat are the ways to solve social problems?\n\nSolution of the social problems are : Poverty-By providing education, skill training and job opportunities in a society. Increase the education budget. Provide them with scholarshipsand opportunities, to get the best achievable education from the top universalof the world.\n\nWhat are 3 social issues?\n\nTypes of social issuesSocial stratification.Economic issues.Social disorganization.Public health.Age and the life course.Social inequality.Education and public schools.Work and occupations.More items…\n\nWhat measures should be taken to solve the social problems and evils from the side of students?\n\nSocial problems and evils can be minimized in many ways, and the first and foremost is making people educated. With the spread of education, social awareness can be increased. The problems and evils can also be minimized, making strong laws by the government against them.\n\nWhat is the role of education on solving world problems?\n\nWe get to know the world around us through education. It helps us build opinions and develop a perspective of looking at life. It forms the groundwork of any society and is one of the most important elements in addressing social problems.\n\nDoes education solve world problems?\n\nWhile education empowers individuals and provides them access to more opportunities, education cannot stand alone or solve all problems. … Through formal education, individuals gain a better understanding of the world around them and their place in the world.\n\nWhat are the common problems in school?\n\nProblems May Include, But are Not Limited to:Disorganization/feeling overwhelmed.Eating right and staying healthy.Failing to manage money.Failing to network.Homesickness.Not resolving relationship issues.Poor grades/not studying or reading enough.Poor sleep habits.More items…\n\nHow do social issues affect students?\n\nSuch problems, including homelessness, teen parenting, substance abuse, child abuse, and youth suicide, complicate students’ efforts to learn. Other social problems, such as vandalism, school violence, and the dropout rate, are exacerbated when students feel alienated from the school structure.\n\nHow do we solve the problem?\n\nHere are seven-steps for an effective problem-solving process.Identify the issues. Be clear about what the problem is. … Understand everyone’s interests. … List the possible solutions (options) … Evaluate the options. … Select an option or options. … Document the agreement(s). … Agree on contingencies, monitoring, and evaluation.\n\nWhat are 10 social issues?\n\nWith this brief introduction we shall now proceed to look into the top ten social issues that have made an impact on this entire world.Obesity:Smoking:Youth Alcohol Usage:Transportation:Poverty:Basic Needs:Homelessness:Homeless Population:More items…\n\nWhat are examples of social issues?\n\nCommon Examples of Social IssuesPoverty and Homelessness. Poverty and homelessness are worldwide problems. … Climate Change. A warmer, changing climate is a threat to the entire world. … Overpopulation. … Immigration Stresses. … Civil Rights and Racial Discrimination. … Gender Inequality. … Health Care Availability. … Childhood Obesity.More items…\n\nWhat are social problems in schools?\n\nIssues include but are not limited to poverty, achievement motivation, dropouts, homelessness, teen pregnancy and parenting, eating disorders, obsesity, child abuse, substance abuse, physical and mental abuse, gang violence, bullying, HIV/AIDS, and suicide.\n\nHow is lack of education a social problem?\n\nLack of education arguably can lead to many social problems. Poor education can lead to crime, poverty, drug use and sexual risk taking. America as a whole is failing their citizens when it comes to education. … Sexual risk taking is prevalent amongst the poorly educated.\n\nWhat are 5 social problems?\n\nWhat are social problems?Anti social behavior.Poverty.Drug abuse.Prostitution.Racial discrimination.Alcohol abuse.Economic Deprivation.Political Corruption.More items…•\n\nWhat are the types of social issues?\n\nThese are, for instance, communalism, casteism, regionalism, poverty, gender discrimination, population, environmental imbalance (different kinds of pollution, health hazards, etc.). Second, problems of deviance having to do with the adjustment of people to conventional ways of living.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.999173641204834}
{"content": "Vape Study & Research Directory\n\nBenefits of E-Cigarettes Among Heavy Smokers Undergoing a Lung Cancer Screening Program: Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol\n\n2/3/2016 - JMIR research protocols\n\nBACKGROUND: Smoking is a global public health problem. For this reason, experts have called smoking dependence a global epidemic. Over the past 5 years, sales of electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, have been growing strongly in many countries. Yet there is only partial evidence that e-cigarettes are beneficial for smoking cessation. In particular, although it has been proven that nicotine replacement devices may help individuals stop smoking and tolerate withdrawal symptoms, e-cigarettes’ power to increase the quitting success rate is still limited, ranging from 5% to 20% dependent on smokers’ baseline conditions as shown by a recent Cochrane review. Consequently, it is urgent to know if e-cigarettes may have a higher success rate than other nicotine replacement methods and under what conditions. Furthermore, the effects of the therapeutic setting and the relationship between individual characteristics and the success rate have not been tested. This protocol is particularly innovative, because it aims to test the effectiveness of electronic devices in a screening program (the COSMOS II lung cancer prevention program at the European Institute of Oncology), where tobacco reduction is needed to lower individuals’ lung cancer risks. OBJECTIVE: This protocol was designed with the primary aim of investigating the role of tobacco-free cigarettes in helping smokers improve lung health and either quit smoking or reduce their tobacco consumption. In particular, we aim to investigate the impact of a 3-month e-cigarettes program to reduce smoking-related respiratory symptoms (eg, dry cough, shortness of breath, mouth irritation, and phlegm) through reduced consumption of tobacco cigarettes. Furthermore, we evaluate the behavioral and psychological (eg, well-being, mood, and quality of life) effects of the treatment. METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, three-parallel group study. The study is organized as a nested randomized controlled study with 3 branches: a nicotine e-cigarettes group, a nicotine-free e-cigarettes group, and a control group. The study is nested in a screening program for early lung cancer detection in heavy smokers. RESULTS: The study is open and is still recruiting. CONCLUSIONS: Stopping or reducing tobacco consumption should be a main goal of any health organization. However, traditional antismoking programs are expensive and not always effective. Therefore, favoring a partial or complete shift to e-cigarettes in heavy smokers (eg, persons at high risk for a number of diseases) could be considered a moral imperative. However, before following this path, sound and reliable data on large samples and in a variety of contexts are required. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02422914; (Archived by WebCite at\nAlexa Global Rank - 21155\nAlexa Country Indonesia - 1321\nVape Views\nReset Password\nCompare items\n  • Total (0)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9748454689979553}
{"content": "Secret of The Pyramids\n\nThe idea that civilizations progress from a primitive state to a  more advanced one is a fallacy that evolutionists try to apply to history.\n\nIf one abandons evolutionist nonsense and prejudice, and looks at the historical references and findings with an unbiased mind, what one encounters is civilizations that used highly advanced technologies.\n\nRemains left from ancient Egypt, the Mayans and the Sumerians indicate that branches of science such as electricity, electrochemistry, electromagnetics, metallurgy, hydrogeology, medicine, chemistry and physics were used to a considerable extent.\n\nElectricity was efficiently generated and widely utilized in ancient Egypt. The Baghdad battery and the first arc lights were used at that time. But was electrical generation limited to these in ancient Egypt?\n\nA careful examination of Egyptian history immediately reveals the sophistication in perfect illumination. No soot has been found in the corridors of the pyramids or the tombs of the kings because these areas were lit using electricity. Relief carvings show that the Egyptians used hand-held torches powered by cable-free power sources.\n\nThe arc lamp used in the Lighthouse of Alexandria is further proof that electricity was used in ancient Egypt. The energy required to power the Lighthouse of Alexandria for 24 hours a day could only have been supplied by a regular electrical source.\n\n\n\nThe outer casing of the Great Pyramid was covered with white tufa limestone, so tightly built that not even a razor blade could fit between the blocks. The white tufa limestone does not contain magnesium and has high insulating properties. This insulation property prevented the electricity inside the pyramid from being released without control.\n\n\nThe stone blocks used inside the pyramid were made of another form of limestone containing crystal which is an extremely high electrical conductor and a small amount of metal, which allow for maximum power transmission. The shafts inside the pyramid were lined with granite. Granite, as a conductor, is a slightly radioactive substance and permits the ionization of the air inside these shafts.\n\nWhen we look at an insulated electric cable, we see that conductive and insulation materials are used in the same way as in the pyramids.\n\n\nThe conductive and insulating properties of the pyramid are an example of flawless engineering. However, a source of energy is needed for electricity generation.\n\nThe Giza Plateau where the pyramids stand is full of underground water channels. The pyramids rise above limestone layers, the spaces between them being full of water. These special layers of rock that transmit electricity upward as they carry underground water to the surface are known as AQUIFERS. The high volume flow of the River Nile that passes through these aquifers produces an electric current. This is known as physio-electricity.\n\nThe pyramid’s underground chambers are granite conductors built within the rock charged with physio-electricity. This electric current is conducted directly to the upper part of the pyramid’s granite covered subterranean chambers. Granite is a very good conductor of electricity.\n\nThe electromagnetic field that forms at the bottom of the pyramid is transmitted in concentrated form to the upper layers of the pyramid. On the top of the pyramid there was a gold capstone gold being an excellent conductor of electricity. This section is no longer there in our day. This means the top of the pyramid has lost its structure of flawless geometry. This gold capstone facilitated a conductive path for the transfer of negative ions to the ionosphere. This way a current was generated.\n\nHow does it serve to move the electromagnetic field on the ground through the help of an aquifer?\n\nAn identical form of this technology, employed in Egypt 5,000 years ago, was used by Nikola Tesla, an inventor of electric technology in the early 1900s, in a tower he constructed in the United States of America.\n\nTesla, the inventor of such fundamental electric technology as the alternating current, electric engine, radio, the laser and radar, was successful in simultaneously transmitting sound and pictures between continents in the Wardenclyffe tower he built between 1901 and 1917. He did not use an external source of electricity for this, and even applied wireless power transmission technology.\n\nTesla had also built his tower above an aquifer and discharged the negative ions from the aquifer to the tower. The electromagnetic technology used in Tesla’s famous tower is identical to the electromagnetic field set up in the construction of the pyramids. Both systems generate negative ions and transmit them without the need for electric cables.\n\nSo for what purpose did the Egyptians use electricity?\n\nRelief carvings clearly show that the Egyptians used hand-held bulb-type lamps powered by a cable-free electric source. These bulbs are reminiscent of Nicola Tesla’s descriptions to show that his alternating current was safe. At the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair, Tesla transmitted alternating electric current through his body to light a bulb he held in his hand without using electrical cables.\n\nThis relief carving shows a wireless antenna. The Egyptians used antennae and cable-free energy for wireless communication. In the relief on the left is a carved transmitter, with a receiver on the left. This evidence indicates that the Egyptians used free wireless energy for communication purposes.\n\nThis relief carving shows a yarn manufacturing facility. The yarn Egyptians used for their fabrics at that time were as fine as those manufactured by machinery today. The Egyptians also used electric power in their weaving plants.\n\nIt was seen that many gold objects which have remained from ancient Egypt were in fact very finely gold plated.  Such perfect gold plating, as in these pieces, requires the use of electricity.\n\nThe total electromagnetic measurement made around the Great Pyramid is identical to that made during a thunder storm with lightning. There is a powerful electromagnetic field around the Great Pyramid. This may be observed through a simple experiment. When standing at the top of the pyramid with a bottle wrapped in damp cloth, sparks fly away from the bottle, as if one were on top of a high-voltage bobbin.\n\n\nThe pyramids have always been interpreted as the tombs of the pharaohs. But in fact, no inscriptions of any kind appear in the corridors of the Great Pyramid.  This suggests a functional building, rather than a mausoleum.\n\nAn empty stone chest was found on the central axis of the pyramid that archaeologists call the King’s Chamber. They claimed that this contained the coffin of the pharaoh, but that since this had been stolen it was now empty. But examination of the dimensions of the stone chest and the special location in which it was installed reveals a different state of affairs. That point is just where the missing part of the pyramid’s conductive structure ,and whole design, suggest it should be. If a superconductive material was installed here, the pyramid could manufacture enough electricity for all of Egypt. This superconductor is thought to have been the Ark of the Covenant, which was known to have been in Egypt in ancient times, and whose dimensions are just right to fit inside the stone chest.\n\nThe Prophet Moses  was adopted by Pharaoh and, according to historic records, was raised as an administrator because of his superior moral values, intelligence and abilities. One of the phases in leadership training in ancient Egypt was the teaching of all the secrets of Egypt and the knowledge of energy. In addition to its other properties, there are also various references to the Ark of the Covenant serving as a capacitor, and that this was the source of Egypt’s energy. The Prophet Moses  is known to have taken the Ark of the Covenant with him when he fled Egypt. According to historic references, one of the reasons why Pharaoh chased the Prophet Moses  right up to the last moment, and strove to catch him at whatever price, was the Ark of the Covenant because Pharaoh was aware that all the glory and magnificence of Egypt would be lost without electricity.\n\nHistoric references’ also show that Egyptian civilization reached its peak during the reign of Ramses II, who lived at the same time as the Prophet Moses. But those civilizations collapsed in less than 10 years after Ramses II, and Giza was even abandoned. The city, once the center of the civilization, remained deserted until the nest dynasty settled there.\n\nWere the Egyptians the only society to utilize wireless electrical  technology?\n\nThe relief carvings left behind by the Mayans and the Assyrians also contain images of similar techniques to those applied in the pyramids.\n\nAll this information once again goes to demonstrate that there were no primitive people and societies in the past, as evolutionists would have us believe. In terms of civilization, more or less developed communities have lived side by side at all times throughout  history. A society that existed thousands of years ago  enjoyed a far more advanced technology compared to one living in the 20th century. And this shows us that development is not part of an evolutionary process, in other words, that there is no linear advancement from a primitive level of civilization to a more developed one in history.\n\nAncient Egypt is one of the most impressive civilizations established by mankind. Ancient Egyptians had such vast experience and knowledge that can not be the sequence of a primitive society. Among deviated idolater Egyptians, there were wise-men who had the wisdom coming from the times of  Prophet Noah  and Prophet Abraham . These Jewish wise-men used to employ the knowledge from the periods of previous prophets. One of such knowledge was the using of electricity for illumination.\n\nThe discovery of various wall carvings or friezes discovered in the Hathor Temple of Dendera Temple Complex in Egypt has revealed one especially fascinating piece of information about the ancient Egyptians. A large part of the friezes, examined below, are in the Dendera Temple Complex. These show that the ancient Egyptians obtained lighting by using bulbs and the arc light technique.\n\nClose inspection of these pictures in the Temple of Hathor shows that high-voltage insulation was used, just like that of today; this is supported by a rectangular column resembling a light bulb (believed to have been used as an insulator and known as the Djed Column.) This astonishing resemblance to the light bulbs we use today is most striking.\n\nIt is a widespread belief in alternative science that our forefathers possessed a much greater technological knowledge than our schoolbook science is willing to accept. Many of those theories are lacking serious foundation and are often based on overdrawn speculations, like the Manna machine I discussed before. But the theory that electricity was known and used in antiquity seems to rest on a much more stable foundation. Beneath the Temple of Hathor at Dendera there are inscriptions depicting a bulb-like object which some have suggested is reminiscent of a “Crookes tube” (an early lightbulb).\n\nThe key to the whole theory lies a few hundred kilometers east of Egypt, in today’s Iraq. There some strange pots were found. Some contained watertight copper cylinders, glued into the opening with asphalt. In the middle of the cylinder was an iron rod, held in place also with asphalt. The excavator who found the first of these pots in 1936 was sure: this is a galvanic element, a primitive battery. Reconstructions did indeed show that it was possible to create electricity with it. \n\nAnother key element for the electro-thesis is actually something that is missing. It’s a riddle where schoolbook science is capitulating. Soot. In none of the many thousands of subterranean tombs and pyramid shafts was found a single trace of soot, as we are told by the authors of the electro-thesis, although many of these tombs are full of often colourful paintings. But the primitive light sources the Egyptians knew (candles, oil lamps etc.) are always leaving soot and are using oxygen. So how DID the Egyptians get their light? Some rationalists are arguing with mirrors, but the quality of the copper plates the Egyptians used as mirrors were not good enough for that. \n\nMany researchers in history have brought evidences forward that challenge or even destroy orthodox beliefs. Erich Von Daniken is one of those researchers bringing revelations such as the Ancient Egyptian Light bulb into the light challenging the orthodox belief that Thomas Edison invented the light bulb and Direct Current. Lighting in ancient Egypt was provided using the classic bulbs we employ today. The Egyptian pictures show bulb-like devices with filament wires, a holder and current wires. The lamps had filaments permitting electric current to flow inside it.\n\nThe great Egyptologist John Gardner Wilkinson, pointed out that the ancient Egyptian “paintings offer few representations of lamps, torches, or any other kind of light.” Why—when they repeatedly illustrate almost every other Egyptian article? The answer lies in the fact that modern authorities are simply not looking for electric lights on the ancient monuments so they simply do not recognize them.\n\nAn ancient Egyptian goddess holding up electric filament lamps to read hieroglyphics\n\nAs we know today, certain ejectors (fluid entrainment pumps) (A) will produce a relatively strong vacuum, especially if a cascade arrangement is used for the pumps – i.e. several identical components are connected in series. If a glass bulb with two metal parts reaching inside (B), (C) is evacuated, a discharge will occur at a much lower voltage, depending on the size of the glass balloon (D). At a pressure of approximately 40 torr (40mm mercury column), a line of light will wind its way from one metal part to the other (E). If the evacuation is continued, the line widens further until it eventually fills out the entire glass bulb. Exactly what  the images in the underground chambers of the Hathor temple suggest.\n\nAs shown by the ancient reliefs on the walls of the Egyptian Hathor temple of Dendarah, the pharaoh’s priests, just as knowledgeable in science as in religion, must have known the secret of electricity. These reliefs show human figures standing next to bulb-shaped structures. It does not take a stretch of the imagination to recognize these objects as overdimensioned light bulbs. Snakes trapped inside these objects perform a wave-like movement. Do they symbolize electrical discharges? The snakes emanate from the central tip of a lotus flower. An accurate design from the physical point of view. After all, this is exactly the point where the field intensity reaches its maximum in a modern bulb socket. Thus, the lotus flower could be interpreted as the bulb socket, connected via the cable-like hose to some kind of energy store. The entire structure is supported by insulator type Djec pillars with arms, often directly connected with the snakes. Egyptologists refer to the illustrated items as “cult objects” without knowing their original meaning.\n\nModel of an Egyptian “light bulb”\n\nIn this picture discovered on a tomb wall in the Dendera Temple, an electric cable is leading away from a lamp with three bulbs.\n\nThe Egyptian pictures show bulb-like devices with filament wires, a holder and current wires. In the picture below, the person is reading picture texts on the wall by lighting the surrounding area with the lamp in his hand.\n\nOne piece of evidence that Ancient Egyptians may have used electricity is the absence of any traces of soot on the interior walls of their tombs and pyramids. If—as evolutionist archaeologists maintain—they used burning torches and oil lamps for lighting, then traces of soot would inevitably have been left behind. Yet there are no such traces anywhere, not even in the very deepest chambers. It would have been impossible for construction to continue without the necessary lighting being provided nor, even more importantly, for the magnificent murals to have been painted on the walls. This strengthens the possibility that electricity was, indeed, used in Ancient Egypt.\n\nThe Djed Column, frequently encountered in Egyptian hieroglyphics, may symbolize such electrical equipment. The Djed Column may serve as a generator for light to be provided in this way.\n\nContrary to what evolutionists claim, the history of mankind is full of proofs that ancient peoples possessed far superior technologies and civilizations than had been believed. One of these proofs is the Ancient Egyptians’ knowledge of electricity.\n\nFrom Around the Web", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9562966823577881}
{"content": "Building our future together\n\nThe idea for ‘7 Billion Presidents’ started with a question – How would a society where there is well-being for all look like? The answer to this was followed by a plan for an alternative economic model to replace capitalism, something we like to call ‘7BP economy’. This new model focuses on using profit companies make, to build a better life for all, instead of accumulating wealth for shareholders.\n\nThis is happening right now with ‘7 Billion Presidents’. With the profit of the products we sell, we invest in clean energy by installing solar panels in various public spaces. These panels also generate profit as the locations become climate-neutral. Therefore, we receive back the money saved from their electricity bills. This means all profit generated is then used to re-invest in more renewable energy. Anyone can be a ‘7 Billion’ President and join us in taking control over our future and growing this movement.\n\nAs civilians, we are already generating billions of profit. We aim to change the flow of this money back into society to improve all of our lives. “Build the new, and the old will become obsolete” is our strategy. As we are already doing most of the work for companies like: Uber, Airbnb and Wikipedia, we believe that making this transition can be done swiftly, if we all use our skills and talents to create products, services, companies and platforms.\n\nWe believe the best way is to start building this world ourselves, in trust and hope that others will continue to join and help us ‘build the new’ together.\n\nBuckminster Fuller once said that “the secret of change is, not to fight the existing, but to focus all of your energy on building the new”. This is what we chose to do. We don’t wait for governments or big corporations to change.\n\nWe do this ourselves.\n\nAll of us.\n\n\n* Made by Louise Dlb\n\n7 Billion Presidents Renewable Energy Cooperation\n\n7 Billion Presidents renewable energy cooperation is owned by all the people on this little planet. This means that all* money generated is used to install more renewable energy till the whole world runs on renewable energy owned by all the people. After this everyone can vote what to do with the money generated by this energy cooperation.\n\nOf all the money generated by every 7 Billion Presidents renewable energy project the local community can decide how to spend 21% of this money in the following way:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8304469585418701}
{"content": "Article (May-2021)\n\n\nInstitution Building - The Prerequisites And Fulfilments\n\nDr. Vinayshil Gautam\n\nDesignation : -   FRAS(London) Globally acclaimed Management Consultant\n\nOrganization : -  \n\n\n8117 Total View        \n\nCivil life requires a network of institutions. Many of them have to be formal to enable order and orderly conduct of affairs. This is a no-choice situation. Concurrently, with formal institutions co-exist many informal institutions. They derive their strength from practises and social sanctions. Many times the retribution for deviation in informal institutions is far more severe than for deviant behaviour in formal institutions.\n\nThese are some of the many ironies of collective human life. Yet life has to go on and collective life has its own inexorable logic. Consider marriage, perhaps the longest lasting human institution born and nurtured in three basic human aspirations: the need to love and be loved; the propensity to demand exclusivity in certain emotions; the need to have identified fatherhood. Long before the civil governance emerged there are records of identified human couples living together and procreating.\n\nIt will be perhaps acceptable to suggest that civil society is itself an outcome of coded patterns of so called pre-civil society. This is a fascinating line of exploration and it may not be possible to pursue it in any detail in this text.\n\nCloser to the focus of these columns it would be wiser to reiterate that institutions are central to civil behaviour. Not that institutions do not evolve, but there has to be, to the extent possible, a predictable and an identifiable method of evolution and change. Many theorists have cut their teeth in trying to decipher and design this change.\n\nVery often when the theorists meet limitations the 'wags' take over. A'wag' is reported to have commented, \"The trouble with institutions is, there are people in it\". And people by very definition are both un-programmable and unpredictable (like all animate beings). There is a limit to the predictive validity of individuals. It is here that raison d'etreof institutions becomes really obvious. Given certain preconditions or processes, certain behaviour has to follow. This behaviour is a corner stone of a civil society and enables to bring to human existence a certain degree of specificity.\n\nInstitutions have a cycle. They acquire personalities and are allergic to perpetuation unless in some kind of rhythm and sync with the external environment. Thus it is that institutions go through the cycle of pre-launch, launch, crests and troughs, plateauing. Then the cycle begins again. At each stage there is a definite demand on the acumen, resources and willingness of those involved to keep the institution alive. The touch stone of effectiveness of this effort lies in the ability of people to grow and of systems and procedures to evolve to be in tune with the demands that will be made on it.\n\nAbove all institutions need commitment and pursuit of some higher order beyond just a search for 'loaves and fishes' for those involved.\n\nWhether people like it or not, idealism is an essential part of responding to gross reality.\n\nG M Trevelyan in his classical work - 'The English Revolution, 1688-1689' has opined that no institution will survive unless a few in it are willing to sacrifice, all they have' for it. It is a profound statement very often overlooked in the popular recipes prescribed for institution building. Practical gross reality has its space but so does idealism and one could just as well add spirituality. Materialism is a fact of life and spirituality is no less. It is a question of what one is capable of recognising and grasping.\n\nReference has been made in preceding lines to a cycle from pre-launch phase to plateauing. The cycle doesn't stop with plateauing. After the plateauing, when the process begins again, it could be triggered by a decline setting in. That decline, too, has to be met with conscious renewal if it institution is to survive. It is this renewal which has to be taken up in great earnestness to make it operative.\n\nThere is a whole craft of institution building and it may not be possible to elaborate all the stages of the process, in this text. The purpose of this write-up however is to point out that institution building in reality is a craft. In parts it is a science and in parts it is an art. Ultimately, it is what emerges from this effort and can be tangibly felt, that lends to it, its character of being a craft.\n\nInstitution building is at times a historical necessity. On other occasions it is a tribute to human effort. In either case it has its moments of frustration but the summation is always of fulfilment and a contribution to the cause it seeks to respond to.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8570282459259033}
{"content": "Takt Time\n\nTakt Time - Conductors Wand\n\nWhat is Takt Time?\n\nTakt time is the time given by the client to the manufacturer to pull out one piece of finished material from the plant.\n\nIn other words, it is the time (frequency) at which the manufacturing plant to complete one unit of its product.\n\nWe can also describe it as the demanded exit rate of a plant.\n\nHow to Calculate Takt time?\n\nCalculate monthly average demand for the product/product family (we can calculate takt time for a product or a product family).\n\nCalculate the Available working hours (planned working hours – downtime, change over time and other time losses). It is recommended to keep the time in seconds, if not in minutes.\n\nIt is the Time given per piece. So, divide the available time in a month by the demand for the month.\n\nTakt Time\n\nWhat it Takt?\n\nTakt is a German word meaning the ‘Orchestra Conductor’s Wand’. The speed of the wand alters the rhythm and tempo of the orchestra. Similarly, in an orchestrated manufacturing process (Lean or flow production), this ‘Takt Time’ determines the speed at which the processes have to complete one component.\n\nHere, the production manager adjusts resources to match the output of each of the process to match this time demand.\n\nNote: It is different from Lead Time.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000059604644775}
{"content": "Drinking Water – Recycled From The Toilet?\n\nPredictions of a world without water, which only a short while ago seemed cannot really happen, are all turning into reality. All the talk about humans robbing the environment of its natural resources is becoming crystal clear as we see the changes taking place right in front of our eyes. It is disturbing to imagine the legacy we are leaving behind for our children, all because of abusing nature.\n\nUS grapples with water shortages and in a desperate bid to overcome the crisis, is turning to solutions that are hard to stomach for most people.\n\nLos Angeles mayor recently announced his proposal of turning sewage water into drinking water. This move comes at a stage when California is on the verge of its worst water scarcity crisis in decades. Even in San Diego, the city council has plans of starting a sewage water recycling project. Florida is also planning a recycling system that would pump 23 million gallons a day of purified wastewater into the ground; the water will travel to a supply well and will be taken back as drinking water.\n\nCurrently waste water is being recycled by many cities, such as San Diego and Denver, for use in irrigation and industries. Other cities such as Florida and Tampa Bay area desalinate seawater, which is actually more expensive than recycling.\n\nCities considering the sewage water recycling projects have a long way to go. This endeavor called as “toilet to tap” by critics has received heavy resistance in the past due to the “yuck factor” it involves as well as the cost.\n\nAccording to industry experts, the idea of recycling sewage water, using intense filtering mechanism and chemical treatments, can provide water that is much purer than the tap water people are drinking now.\n\nOrange County in California has launched a system in January, which produces around 70 million gallons a day, which is enough water for the yearly consumption of 500,000 people. The cost of construction is said to be $481 million and cost of operation $29 million a year.\n\nThis system has a three-step process. First, the sewage water is treated and then a microfilter is used to run the water, removing bacteria and solids. The next step is a reverse-osmosis treatment, which entails passing the water through a membrane filter to remove salts, viruses, pharmaceuticals and other material. The last step is to treat the water with ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide to get rid of any contaminants that remain. Then this recycled water is pumped into the ground where it gets mixed with the other water, and filters material like gravel, sand and clay.\n\nA hairstylist in California, when asked what she felt about this, voiced the sentiments of thousands of others, when she said, “I would never touch it, nor would I give it to my dog to drink.”\n\nAmidst all this rejection, there are some supporters too, who believe this is a necessary step that needs to be taken, although this process seems unsettling to most people. A person who has tasted this recycled water says, “it tastes like distilled water.”\n\nThe first people who will actually be tasting this are the astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS,) who will be getting some of their drinking water from the toilet. NASA, after decades of testing, has perfected a system that transforms urine into water, which can be used for drinking, washing and food preparation. This machine is also said to suck in humidity from the astronauts.\n\nAs gross as this all sounds, the day may come, when people are left with no choice in the matter but to drink what is available in the form of water.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7410520911216736}
{"content": "“The next generation is going to have a much healthier balance of screen time”: Interview with Cypher Coders founder Elizabeth\n\nElizabeth Tweedale\n\nThis Sunday 8 March, it’s Women’s Day. Throughout the whole of this week we will be spotlighting the stories of inspirational female founders and investors, to both open up a space to discuss shared challenges and possible shared solutions, as well as give more visibility to female startup players to smash the “you can’t be what you can’t see” hypothesis.\n\nCypher Coders, founded in 2016, teaches children aged 5-12+ years old through hands-on creative camps and courses. Founder and CEO Elizabeth Tweedale started Cypher with a mission to inspire children to learn this language of the future, with enthusiastic and trained teachers, in a way that gives both girls and boys a way to be creative and learn together.\n\nWe took the chance to ask Elizabeth about her predictions for how future generations will manage the balance between tech and ‘real life’, her thoughts on how today’s adults can implement coding in their jobs, learnings from her own entrepreneurial journey, and tips for budding entrepreneurs.\n\nWhat were you doing before Cypher? Have you always wanted to start your own venture?\n\nI would best describe myself as a serial entrepreneur. I’ve been interested in business since I was very young. When I was in year three of school, I started my own company selling friendship bracelets. I would bring string to school and teach my friends how to make their own bracelets. Then, they would make their own and sell them.\n\nAs I got older, my passion for entrepreneurship progressed. Prior to launching Cypher in 2016, I exited another business teaching kids how to code and co-founded an artificial intelligence company for the spatial adjacencies of people in the workplace (GoSpace).\n\nAs an edtech startup, Cypher focuses on teaching kids to code. But it’s also pushing forward the ‘women in tech’ agenda. Can you talk to us about the inspiration for this idea?\n\nHaving worked in the technology industry for a number of years, I’ve learnt first-hand that there is a major issue around diversity. I founded Cypher from the desire to encourage girls to develop technological skills and eventually pursue careers in this exciting industry.\n\nBut at the same time, I wanted to create something that was inclusive of both boys and girls as opposed to being exclusive to girls. I strongly believe that getting boys and girls to work together with tech creates a better outcome for both genders.\n\nTo get both genders interested in technology and developing coding skills, we base our entire curriculum off creative themes that appeal to both. When teaching code, we cover areas such as fashion, music, architecture, conservation and sustainability. We want to show that technology covers a variety of areas and make the experience as immersive and fun as possible.\n\nWhat do you think we are missing out on by only marketing coding classes, schools and academies to boys?\n\nThe common perception of coding and technology as a career is that it’s very male dominated and not suited to girls and women. Unless we focus strongly on promoting the idea that technology impacts a plethora of areas and that there’s a unique opportunity for everyone, we won’t be able to improve gender diversity.\n\nInitiatives like Cypher will help, but what do you think can be done to make tech something women do? And who should do it?\n\nUnderstanding that technology is vital in all parts of a business is the first step in encouraging women to become more involved in coding and technology. In areas such as marketing, human resources and communications, there’s typically a higher proportion of female employees compared to STEM professions. However, technology is increasingly playing an important role in these fields.\n\nAs we enter the connected era, everyone will need to understand how to utilise digital solutions in their roles. As a society, we need to make it clear to women that technology is fundamental and that it’s not just relevant for men. Then more females will be involved in learning how to code or how technology works in association with what they are currently doing.\n\nWhen hiring, do you have any measures in place to encourage female applicants? How do you manage positive discrimination?\n\nAs a business, diversity of all forms is important to Cypher, and we’re certainly proud that\n\n90% of our core team is female. However, when hiring, we don’t really look at whether someone is male or female. We look at a person’s experience, talents and motivations, and whether they’d be suited to the role.\n\nWe do everything possible to support and accommodate their needs. Whether someone has a child or has a disability, we take all necessary steps to ensure they have the resources to do their jobs to the best of their ability and reach their true potential. For example, we offer flexible working.\n\nEdtech is reaching children at younger and younger ages. How do you think tomorrow’s generations can balance tech with ‘real life’?\n\nWe believe that the next generation is going to have a much healthier balance of screen time. Nowadays, when children grow up, technology is so ingrained in everything they do – from the classroom to the home. Children today are very attuned to what’s happening behind the screen, understand the different types of screen time and that the interactions with the screen can change.\n\nAlso, because children are seeing adults interact with screen time, they’re starting to generate their own perceptions of what’s healthy and balanced. For example, they know not to use their iPhones at the dinner table. I believe that this way of thinking among children will continue to manifest in the years to come.\n\nEveryone has their own examples of discrimination, but what has been your biggest challenge up until now as a female founder?\n\nI think that there are so many challenges for female entrepreneurs, from raising investment to a lack of diversity on boards. I think that these issues will only continue to get better as we continue to talk about the problems we’re collectively facing. Celebrations like IWD are brilliant to shine a light on the incredible work done by women everywhere, but let’s not make it tokenism. There should be the opportunity to highlight all the great things happening every day, regardless of one’s gender.\n\nWhat is your main motivation for when the going gets tough?\n\nAs a mother of three, my main motivation is setting a good example for my children. When I encounter challenges or obstacles in business or daily life, I want my children to be inspired by how I react to and deal with them. I want them to understand that you can achieve great things by persevering. My children get me through everything.\n\nWhat would you say to a fellow tech entrepreneur who is thinking of launching their own venture? Any wise words to impart?\n\nThere are no rule books. So just go for it and do the things your gut is telling you. Even if people say you need to run a business in a certain way or hire this type of person, go with what feels right.\n\nWhen you launch a business, it’s also important to embrace the journey and learn as you go along. As an entrepreneur, no two days are the same. So don’t be afraid to try new things and learn from them.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9781540036201477}
{"content": "LifeCraft Counseling & Coaching of Denver\n\n\nIs anxiety hurting you at work or in your relationships?\n\nDenver counselor Gideon Killion shares some insights about the impact of anxiety.\n\n\nWe all have moments of anxiety in certain situations, whether it’s a performance review at work or waiting to hear the results of a medical test. But for some of us, it goes beyond that, with anxiety showing up much more often and in more ordinary situations. When it does, this kind of anxiety can have a real impact on your relationships and work (not to mention your ability to enjoy life). If this sounds like it might be you, you’re not alone. It’s estimated that 18% of Americans over 18 have experienced the effects of an anxiety disorder. Anxiety is something that I have struggled with, so I know what it’s like. I’d to share with you some of the signs of anxiety to watch out for, as well as what you can do to get a handle on it.\n\nSigns of anxiety to watch out for\n\nHere are some of the most common signs that anxiety is interfering with your optimal functioning. One or two of these experiences could be due to other factors, but if you find that multiple items are relevant to you right now, anxiety could be the culprit.\n\nThings to watch for at work:\n\n  • You have intrusive thoughts about your own shortcomings, in which any mistake becomes a catastrophe.\n  • You avoid normal interactions with people, such as by procrastinating on returning voicemails.\n  • You feel overwhelmed, “out of control,” or like you can’t cope with job expectations.\n  • You are extremely nervous about meetings, presentations, etc., to the point of having physical symptoms (such as nausea) or being unable to participate.\n  • You find yourself arriving late or leaving early in order to minimize the time spent at work.\n\nThings to watch for in your close relationships:\n\n  • You feel annoyed by or suspicious of the other person with no particular trigger, or your reaction seems out of proportion to what the other person has done.\n  • You make excuses to be alone rather than with the other person (for example, saying that you don’t feel well or have to work late).\n  • You are rarely able to relax with your partner or have fun together.\n  • You are so focused on your own thoughts or worries that you feel emotionally disconnected from your partner.\n  • You have feelings of dread or pessimism about the relationship, even though it has previously felt stable and supportive.\n\nIf several of these descriptions apply to your experience in a relationship or at work, you may be seeing the side effects of anxiety.\n\nThings that Don’t Help When You’re Anxious\n\nIt may be hard to know what to do when anxious feelings come up. These are a few of the most common — but also least effective— responses to anxiety.\n\nIgnoring it: For many people, the natural tendency in trying to cope with anxious feelings is to minimize or deny the problem. You may find yourself hoping that anxiety symptoms will just go away on their own. What often happens, though, is that trying to ignore anxiety can make it worse—either more frequent or more intense.\n\nIsolating: A common side effect of anxiety is self-consciousness. You may worry that you’re acting strangely around others (or that they will guess how anxious you’re feeling). Although trying to stay away from others provides a short-term solution to this problem, isolating yourself can make coping with anxiety more difficult in the long term.\n\nSelf-medicating: It’s tempting to use alcohol or drugs to take the edge off your anxiety symptoms, but they come with their own problems, like dependency. There are healthier ways to address the problem.\n\nHandling anxiety on your own\n\nIf mild anxiety is having a negative effect on relationships or causing problems at work, you may be able to counter it simply by providing yourself with in-the-moment techniques to reduce anxiety right away. Here are a few things that can be immediately useful at times when you notice you are feeling anxious:\n\nCount blue things. It sounds ridiculous, but this simple trick can be very effective in calming your nervous system. Look around the room and silently identify each thing you see that’s blue: “the spine of a blue book, a blue highlighter, two people wearing blue shirts.” This technique works because it tricks your brain into shifting gears and focusing on a cognitive task.\n\nListen to the ticking of a clock or analog watch. This has a soothing effect for most people because a clock ticks at about the same speed as your own normal resting heart rate. You don’t even need an actual clock or watch—a virtual one will do. Search for “ticking clock” on YouTube, or download an app like G Clock that replicates the sound of the swinging pendulum of a grandfather clock.\n\nEngage in proprioceptive actions. Proprioception refers to your own physical sense of your body in relation to the things around it. Thus, any action that involves proprioceptive input can help to calm your nervous system. This can be as simple as chewing gum, or as complex as playing a ball game like basketball or football in which your body comes in contact with the ball. Other simple proprioceptive techniques include squeezing a stress ball, pushing your palms against a wall, or eating a crunchy food like pretzels.\n\nGetting help with your anxiety\n\nWhen your anxious feelings don’t respond to the simple techniques listed above, or if you feel so anxious most of the time that you’re having difficulty functioning in your normal work and home routines, it’s a good idea to get professional help. Anxiety can be treated through counseling as well as through medication, or both.\n\nA medical doctor, like your primary care physician, or a psychiatrist, can evaluate your symptoms and prescribe medication. It can take a few tries to get the right medication and the right dose, and all medications can have side-effects, so it’s important to stay in contact with your doctor during this process.\n\nCounseling is also an effective treatment for anxiety, for most people. Simply talking to a counselor on a regular basis can be helpful for some people, but the treatment can also include things like uncovering subconscious thoughts and feelings, challenging or defusing intrusive thoughts, or practicing mindfulness and relaxation skills. If you are wondering whether counseling might be able to help you with your anxiety, I would be honored to talk to you. Please contact me and we’ll set up a free, 30-minute consultation at one of my Denver counseling locations.\n\n8 Fun Ways to Make New Friends in Denver\n\nCounselor and coach Gideon Killion shares some ideas for getting out there and meeting people.\n\nPicture of bowlersMaking friends and building community can seem daunting when you don’t know where to start. There’s a lot of abstract advice out there about expanding your social circle, but sometimes it’s easier to work from a list of concrete actions.\n\nWith that in mind, here are some specific ideas for ways to make new friends in Denver.\n\n1. Find a Church (or Something) That’s Right for You\n\nRegardless of your religious or spiritual persuasion, the Denver area almost certainly has a gathering to suit your needs. I thought of including some links, but there are just too many and I don’t want to favor any one in particular. Start by plugging keywords into Google to find your options. If you’re not sure which religion might be the right fit for you, you can take BeliefNet’s Belief-O-Matic quiz.\n\nWhat if you don’t consider yourself religious or spiritual? You might want to investigate First Universalist Church of Denver, which honors all paths including atheism and operates from a set of guiding principles rather than a religious creed. Or you could check out Denver Sunday Assembly, a gathering for freethinkers and atheists that describes itself as “a place to go to listen to great music, learn from intelligent speakers (like TED talks), and meet other people in your community.”\n\n2. Get Involved in Politics or a Worthy Cause\n\nA great way to meet like-minded people is to donate your time to a worthy organization, whether that means getting involved in local politics or supporting a cause whose mission you value. If you’re interested in politics, a good starting point would be the Democratic Party of Denver or the Denver GOP.\n\nLooking for a meaningful way to volunteer? Maybe you’d like to help veterans transition back to civilian life through the Helping Veterans program, or lend a hand at the Colorado Coalition for the Homeless. Or you could join Volunteers for Outdoor Colorado, which offers opportunities for taking part in outdoor stewardship projects—everything from trail maintenance to fire and flood restoration. If none of those options sound right, try looking for other types of volunteer opportunities in Denver by searching the Volunteer Match database.\n\n3. Join a Sports League\n\nIf you enjoying tossing a ball around, you may find that a sports league is the ideal way to connect with others. Denver offers a ton of options, including bowling, pool, softball, and volleyball. In the warmer months, you can play volleyball at Wash Park (here’s a map). There are leagues and pick-up games happening most weekends when the weather is nice. There’s also a meet-up group called Sports Monster that organizes volleyball leagues, outings, and open court events.\n\nOn the other hand, if you’re looking for something more low-key, how about kickball? The Denver Kickball Club organizes league play, pick-up games and day-long tournaments throughout the city.\n\n4. Become a Regular\n\nHere’s another way to make friends: be a regular at a bar frequented by the kind of people you want to meet. (It doesn’t have to be near where you live.) Naturally, there are plenty of bar options in Denver, so you can narrow it down by type. Soccer fan? Try the Three Lions. Want to hang out with a cool eclectic group of regulars? Check out the Thin Man Tavern.\n\n5. Connect through Meet-Ups\n\nNo matter what activity you enjoy the most, you’re guaranteed to find a group in the Denver metro area for people who are into the same thing. Here are a few random examples:\n\n  • Denver Medieval Combat Sports is for people who enjoy foam weapon combat (yes, hitting other people with fake swords) and other LARP-related activities.\n\n6. Take Part in a Support Group\n\nIf you struggle with any particular issue and want to meet others with similar challenges, you can join a support group. For example, here’s a list of Denver area AA meetings. Also, the Psychology Today website has a searchable database of Denver support groups on a range of topics.\n\n7. Sign Up for a Class\n\nA great way to meet people is to start taking group classes in something you’ve always wanted to try. How about…\n\n8. Start Your Own Group or Cause\n\nOf course, if you don’t find exactly the kind of group you’re looking for, you can always start your own group, cause, meet-up, etc. Who knows? Maybe there are others out there looking for the same thing.\n\nJust remember …\n\nRegardless of which social avenue you decide to pursue, you’ll find greater success in making lasting friends if you keep two principles in mind. First, be persistent and consistent—keep showing up and be a visible part of the group. Second, practice good relational skills, like listening more than talking and making space for conversations to happen. (For a refresher, see my previous blog post on How to Make Friends and Amp Up Your Social Life.)\n\nAnd last of all, don’t feel bad if getting out there and meeting people seems a little intimidating. I would be willing to bet that most people feel the same. But if you feel so intimidated that it actually stops you, I can help. Drop me a line and I’ll be happy to talk it over with you.\n\nHow to Make Your Smartphone an Ally Instead of an Enemy\n\nDenver counselor, therapist, and life coach Gideon Killion shares some thoughts on making technology work for you.\n\n\nIf you’re like most people, you don’t go anywhere without your phone. Unfortunately, if you’re like most people, you have a love/hate relationship with it.\n\nSmartphones can make our lives easier, more efficient, and more fun. They can also turn us into disengaged individuals who can’t look up from a screen to experience the world “in real life.”\n\nFor those of who struggle with this complex relationship, here’s some advice that has been effective for my coaching clients.\n\nHow to Let Your Phone Help You (Not Hurt You)\n\nBy making the most of what technology can offer you, it’s possible to turn your smartphone into a strong ally that support your values and goals. Here’s how:\n\n  • Smartphones exist primarily for communicating with others, so find ways to use it in increasing quality time with friends and family. Have phone or video calls with family members who don’t live nearby. Get in touch with a local friend via text to set up a time for coffee or dinner. Or use your phone to sustain a long-running group email or text conversation.\n  • Take advantage of smartphone apps that are designed to help you learn new habits, such as HabitBull, Loop Habit Tracker, or Fabulous. You can also use apps for specific types of activities, such as running, meditation, eating well, doing yoga, learning Mandarin, etc. Even the most basic reminder or timer app can be used to help you take a break from regular activities (especially sitting) to do things like taking a stretch break, drinking some water, checking in to be mindful of your current emotions, or making a call to a friend.\n  • Use your phone to listen to books and podcasts while doing housework or driving. These mindless tasks can be enhanced by taking the opportunity to learn something new and connect with the world outside of your daily routine.\n\nDon’t Let Your Smartphone Become Your Enemy\n\nAs you probably know, it’s easy to become addicted to the constant stimulation and distraction that your smartphone can offer. That’s because occurrences such getting an email notification or refreshing your social media feed to check for new posts can provide a dopamine rush in the brain—a pleasurable sensation that is comparable to the use of stimulant drugs.\n\nAnd the idea of being away from your phone might be uncomfortable. In a 2015 study, researchers found that people who were separated from their iPhones for a few minutes actually experienced physical symptoms of anxiety, such as increased blood pressure.\n\nIf you don’t want to be dependent on your smartphone to get through your day, there are ways you can regain control:\n\n  • Adjust your settings to turn off audio alerts for most things (other than emergency or weather alerts).\n  • Decide which notifications are truly urgent for you, and which information you can wait to manually check at certain times during the day.\n  • Set aside specific times of day to manually check voicemail, email, tweets, and so on.\n  • Use a feed reader or news aggregator site to curate news from specific sources, then set a limit on how frequently you’ll look at it (and for how many minutes at a time).\n  • Make a commitment to stay engaged with the physical world instead of always focusing attention on your phone. This is particularly important when you’re driving, biking, or walking across the street, when it’s not safe to be on your phone. It’s also important in most interactions with another human, when looking at your phone can come across as rude.\n\nSmartphones can either help or hurt us. I believe that most people are happiest when they make conscious choices about how to use their phones and when to put them away. Remember, even when you’re waiting in line, sitting on a bus, or just out walking, there’s plenty out there in the real world to interact with—including other humans. Sometimes you might even use the opportunity to take a deep breath and relax.\n\nHow to Make Friends and Amp Up Your Social Life\n\nDenver life coach, counselor, and therapist Gideon Killion shares some thoughts about make friends and improve your relationships.\n\nModern life can feel really lonely sometimes. It seems like we’re connected 24/7 to social media and our phones, but somehow that doesn’t always translate into a sense of being truly connected with others.\n\nIf you’re feeling a social disconnect and want to forge new friendships in real life, you may not be exactly sure how to begin. Here are some suggestions to get you started meeting new people.\n\nsnowshoe-conversation_denver_life_coachConnect through Shared Interests\n\nOne of the most effective ways to make like-minded friends is to pursue an interest or hobby that involves other people. Whether you’re into foosball tournaments, car shows, or martial arts, there’s sure to be a group or event near you. Or you could take a class to try out a new skill, like improv or beginning guitar. I learned the hard way that many people are put off or intimidated by direct invitations to become friends. But friendships develop naturally when you’re doing things together.\n\nAsk Questions\n\nWhen you find yourself in a social situation and aren’t sure what to say to someone, it always helps to get curious about them. Most people enjoy talking about themselves. Look for clues in their conversations about what they’re interested in, what they like to do, and what’s important to them so that you have an idea of where to start. If there are no clues offered, ask open-ended questions such as, “What do you do for work?” Then encourage them to provide more detail by asking a follow-up question like, “How’d you end up in that career?”\n\nBuild In Time to Meet People\n\nWe have a tendency to over-schedule ourselves these days, always rushing to the next meeting or errand. This makes it unlikely that we’ll have time for genuine interactions with anyone outside our usual sphere of work and home. You can change this by deliberately building in time around your activities so that you can meet and talk to people. Arrive early for appointments so that you have an opportunity to chat with someone in the waiting room. When you’re planning a trip to the gym or the grocery store, schedule some cushion time before and after so that you can start up a conversation if the chance arises.\n\nListen More, Talk Less\n\n\nIn a one-on-one conversation, it’s ideal to be talking about 40% of the time. This is the perfect ratio because it means you’re mostly listening, but you’re also doing enough sharing of your own that the other person can get to know you. If you find yourself talking more than this in a conversation with a new acquaintance, you can shift the balance by asking them a question.\n\nKeep It Positive\n\nDo as little complaining, criticizing, or arguing as you can. It’s also a good idea to keep sarcasm or dark humor to a minimum until you really get to know someone. (This is a place I often over do it!) Even when you do know someone, it’s wise to keep it balanced. Most people want to spend time with someone who is pleasant and positive overall. If you make someone uncomfortable by going too negative, they may avoid hanging out with you in the future.\n\nShare Things Slowly\n\nIt’s great to find friends we can be honest with about things that are difficult. On the other hand, it’s tempting to dive in way too soon. Do share your troubles, but wait until you’ve developed some trust. Plan to share at first in small doses, and try to give the other person the chance to do the same with you. It should feel like an even exchange, and the amount of detail or heavy emotion you share is generally going to be comparable to the length of time you’ve known someone.\n\nPay Your Own Way\n\nThis is a simple one, but it’s one that many people overlook, and it’s powerful. In short, always pay your fair share at restaurants, parties, and so on. People will remember if you don’t. Along the same lines, it may feel awkward to new acquaintances if you offer to pick up the check, since the social norm is to stay on equal footing with people you don’t know well. The safest tactic is to expect that everyone will split the bill.\n\nCheck Your Skills\n\nIf you’re not sure whether your behavior may be a little off, ask for feedback about your social skills from people you know and trust. Tell them you’re looking for constructive criticism so that you can improve anything that might be scaring off new friends.\n\nRemember that It’s Hard for Everyone\n\nSometimes socializing is just going to feel awkward. Those awkward moments don’t mean you’re doing it wrong; they just mean you’re human. It happens to everyone, even folks who are good at it.\n\nIf you think you might need more in-depth assistance with social skills or other friendship issues, give me a call to learn whether counseling or coaching at one of my Denver offices would be able to help. I’ve spent a lot of time and energy learning (sometimes the hard way) how we make and keep friends, and I’d love to share what I’ve learned with you. Contact me to arrange a free consultation and find out how I can help.\n\n5 Factors that Lead to Loneliness\n\nDenver counselor and coach Gideon Killion shares some ideas about loneliness and what to do about it.\n\ndenver-counseling-lonely-manThese days, a lot of people — particularly men — struggle with feeling lonely and disconnected. Sometimes loneliness can be a motivator to connect with new people, as when we change jobs or move to a new city. But for many people, loneliness is a chronic problem. We want close friends and meaningful relationships, but we don’t know how to go about finding and building them.\n\nAside from being a really uncomfortable emotional experience, loneliness also has negative health repercussions. A lack of close friends can contribute to both mental and physical health problems. One study of senior citizens found a tie between loneliness and the likelihood of developing dementia. Chronic feelings of loneliness have also been linked to heart disease and other serious health issues.\n\nAlmost everyone experiences periods of loneliness, but it’s helpful to identify the main factors in your particular situation. Which of these statements describe you?\n\n  1. You have tons of friends, but you still feel lonely or like you don’t truly belong anywhere.\n\nIt’s common nowadays to have lots of superficial connections that we call “friends” and yet still be lonely. These friendships lack closeness. They are people who will do stuff with us, but not ones who actually care enough to ask how we’re doing. In the end, it’s the quality of friendships that matters most for your health, not quantity. Without close and meaningful friendships, we are emotionally isolated.\n\n  1. You had devoted and emotional friendships as a kid, but your adult friendships aren’t as deep.\n\nIn the book “Deep Secrets,” Niobe Way explores the emotional intimacy that young boys often experience with peers—a connection we tend to lose in adulthood in favor of friendships that are activity-based but not emotionally significant. Much like the phenomenon of “work friends” that don’t remain friends after changing jobs, these activity-centered friendships tend to fade out when the shared activity is no longer a priority for both men.\n\n  1. You have several close friends, but none of them are friends with each other.\n\nMost people find that they have lots of one-to-one relationships with people who are not connected to each other. When our key friendships all happen independently, we are more likely to feel lonely. In contrast, when some or most of our closest friends are also friends with each other, we have a greater sense of belonging due to being part of a like-minded group.\n\n  1. Most of your social interactions happen through social media—online, not in person.\n\nThe ubiquitous presence of smartphones in our lives means that we constantly have texts, email, Twitter, and Facebook at our fingertips, giving us the illusion of connection with others but in a very superficial way. We may feel as if we’re “connected” 24/7, but there may not be much substantial connection really happening. Meanwhile, we’re missing out on potential real-world connections all the time by never looking up from our phones.\n\n  1. You’ve had successful romantic relationships, but you have no idea how to connect emotionally with male friends.\n\nOur culture is incredibly focused on finding a mate, to the point that all of our energy goes into finding and keeping romantic or intimate relationships. This has taught us not to prioritize finding and keeping friends in the same way, so we haven’t really developed the skills it takes to maintain platonic friendships. Our culture has also made this more difficult by offering a limited notion of what it means to be a man. Many men constrain their expression of emotions with other men out of fear that they may be perceived as “unmanly” or gay. Unfortunately, this keeps us from being able to experience significant friendships in which we can support our male friends on an emotional level and receive that support from them in return. (This narrow understanding of manhood or manliness has many other negative effects both on men, whether gay or straight, and on society in general.)\n\nThese are some of the factors in modern life that can lead men to feel lonely. Some men are able to get unstuck from this pattern of aloneness on their own. But sometimes a long-term sense of loneliness can only be untangled with the help of a therapist or life coach as a trusted companion on the journey. Click here to learn about counseling and coaching for men in Denver, or here to learn more about all the services LifeCraft Counseling & Coaching offers men and women in Denver.\n\nThe 5 moves of relationship drama – VIDEO\n\nThis is a great video. Two experts in the field of relationships and human behavior, Drs. Sue Johnson and Ed Tronick, describe and demonstrate the five basic moves that occur in the dance of attachment and bonding. They show how these moves are present both in the relationship between parent and infant as well as between intimate partners. When I do marriage counseling or couple counseling with clients here in Denver, we identify where these moves occur in their conflicts and try to understand the underlying attachment needs they represent.\nThe dance begins when one person senses a lack of connection with the other. The first move is to (1) “Reach” for a response. If the person does not get the needed response from the other, he or she may (2) Protest/Push or (3) Turn Away. The other partner may also Protest/Push or Turn Away in response. If the disconnection continues, eventually one or both partners lose the ability to regulate emotion, and a sense of panic, or (4) Melt Down occurs. Finally, in a healthy relationship, the partners make an effort to (5) Reconnect and repair the relationship.\nWhen you watch this video, think about your own relationships, either now or in the past, and see if you can find all five of these steps.\n\nThe hidden cost of change\n\nAnyone who has tried to change something big in life — such as giving up a bad habit, or starting a good one — knows that it isn’t easy. There are a lot of reasons why this is the case, and a quick Google search will probably reveal plenty. But one thing that makes it harder is that we often do not see the whole picture. We do not see all the things that we get out of the status quo — things we would lose if change actually happened.\n\nA while back, I was working with a couple in marriage counseling. The big problem in this couple’s relationship was the male partner’s alcohol addiction. His wife wanted him to quit drinking, and he said he wanted to quit, too. Yet over and over, she discovered that he had been drinking and lying about it. We met a number of times, talking about wounds from his past, poor self-esteem, and so on, but after a while, it became clear that under the surface, probably unconsciously, he did not want to change. Promising to change but not actually doing it was actually working well for him.\n\nThe costs of the status quo were obvious — pain, shame, fights, fear of losing the relationship. But the benefits of the status quo — and the costs of change — were not. Every time he wept and apologized, and promised to do better, his wife would flood him with forgiveness, affection, and affirmation. She would tell him how much she believed in him, and how much good she saw in him. Now, obviously there is absolutely nothing wrong with forgiveness, affection, and affirmation. But counter-intuitively, his pattern of alcohol addiction had become a very effective means of getting them. And on top of that, he got to keep drinking.\n\nNow, I am certainly not saying that this was the reason for his addiction, or that the addiction ended when the whole picture came into focus. Overcoming substance addiction is usually a long and difficult road. But this man could not begin to walk down that road until both he and his wife saw what he was getting out of staying where he was.\n\nDo we need marriage counseling?\n\nOne good reason you and your partner might need marriage counseling or couple counseling is that you have a issue you can’t agree on, or a problem you haven’t been able to solve. And no matter how many times you’ve gone around in circles with each other, having the same conversations or the same fights, it never gets much better. For many couples, these fights create emotional wounds that make it even more difficult to resolve the problem.\n\nDuring therapy sessions with a marriage counselor or couple counselor, you and your partner will probably gain a deeper understanding of the pattern in which you are stuck. You will probably also learn more about the underlying, basic needs that you are both trying to meet through your relationship. And hopefully, in the process of learning these things, you and your partner will gain greater appreciation and empathy for each other.\n\nBottom line? If your marriage or relationship seems stuck, think about marriage counseling or couple counseling. Yes, it takes courage to admit you need some help, but isn’t your relationship worth it?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7192560434341431}
{"content": "Letters : . . .\n\nPublished 3 August 1996\n\nFrom Alan Dixson, University of Cambridge\n\nAs a clinical biochemist, Terence Kealey presumably has good\nopportunities to\ncollaborate with industry in order to fund his research. There are many\nareas of\nfundamental science which do not so readily appeal to industry, however. If\nindustry is to be the arbiter of what is scientifically worthwhile and\nvalid—then heaven help science.\n\nThen there is philanthropy. Kealey labours under the delusion that rich\npeople are anxious to give handouts for basic research. For some reason he\nquotes the case of Charles Darwin as an example of scientific success in the\nabsence of government funding.\n\nDarwin’s intellectual impetus came from his work during the round-the-world\nvoyages of The Beagle on a government-funded expedition. Thereafter he was not\nsupported by philanthropy, but by his personal fortune and that of his\nwife Emma\nWedgewood. The notion that a modern, but penniless, Darwin could produce books\nabout the pollination of orchids or the burrowing of earthworms whilst\nby a rich patron (or pharmaceuticals company) is ludicrous.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.840217649936676}
{"content": "Water Pollution: Everything You Need to Know\n\nUpdated: Apr 16\n\nPolluted water causes death to many people every year compared to other forms of calamities experienced worldwide. Water pollution has resulted from various things human activities being among the significant factors.\n\nWhat is Water Pollution?\n\nWater pollution is caused when dangerous substances such as chemicals and microorganisms contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, and other water bodies, interfering with water quality and offering toxic to human beings and our environment.\n\nWater pollution can have several effects on the health of an individual and also their habitats. The results of water pollution can be calamitous depending on the chemical types, the concentration of the pollutants, and the area they are being polluted. The rampant situation of water pollution is a massive threat to the lives of people today.\n\nCauses Of Water Pollution\n\nReports show that domestic sewage causes a significant percentage of water pollution, industrial wastes such as sugar, textile, pesticides, paper, and pulp are causing pollution to the water. Rivers that are polluted have strong bad smells affecting the people around.\n\nWorldwide, a more significant percentage of people are experiencing threats to water pollution. Water pollution effects can be experienced in human health and the environment. Water pollution is caused by factors such as:\n\n· Domestic sewage - A more significant percentage of water pollution is as a result of household wastewater. Industrial waste is the leading cause of water pollution. Polluted rivers produce unpleasant smells, and many people in the world are threatened by water security.\n\n· Weak management system\n\n· Urbanization\n\n· Plastic and polythene bag\n\n· Population growth - The increased population has much positive influence but causes harm to pollute water. The high population results in an increased solid waste generation that contributes a lot to water pollution. Both solid and liquid waste is directed into the rivers.\n\nHuman excreta also cause water pollution. Contaminated water contains harmful bacteria that can affect the health of human beings. The government is not able to distribute essential needs to people because of an increased population. Plastics and polythene papers contribute positively to polluting water.\n\n· Industrialization- Much domestic sewage is drained in the river, and many sewages are not treated. Domestic sewages have poisonous, solid waste, plastic litters, and bacterial contaminants resulting in water pollution.\n\nVarious industrials effluent drained into the water without being treated is the leading cause of water pollution. Dangerous materials released from the industries are responsible for surface water and groundwater contamination. Contamination depends on the nature of the industry. When toxic metals get into the water, their quality reduces. Twenty-five percent of water pollution results from sectors, and this is more dangerous.\n\n· Pesticides and fertilizers- bacteria, pests, and germs are killed using pesticides. Water pollution and its quality are directly affected by chemicals having pesticides. In a case where the pesticides are too many or are not managed well, they can be dangerous to the agricultural ecosystem. Chemical residues mix with river water due to flooding, heavy rainfall, too much irrigation and enter the food chain. Pharmaceutical found in water also causes water pollution, and it is toxic to the health of human beings.\n\nEffect of water pollution\n\nWater pollution affects both human beings and aquatic life. Many water sources available are polluted by garbage and dumping of chemicals.\n\n1. Diseases\n\nGenerally, water pollution causes death to many people every year. Contaminated water can also result in one having conditions such as cholera and typhoid. Every year, people experience sickness due to polluted water.\n\nCommunities earning meager income are always at higher risks of being affected by water pollution since their homes are still near the polluting industries. Waterborne diseases leading to bacteria and viruses from human and animal waste are the leading cause of sickness from contaminated drinking water. Illnesses resulted from dirty water include cholera, typhoid, and even giardia.\n\n2. Contamination of water\n\nContamination of water that comes from chemicals and heavy metals from industries and municipals wastewater are dangerous to aquatic life. They reduce the lifespan and ability to give birth and make their way up the food chain as predators feed on prey.\n\n3. Food chain disruption\n\nThe food chain is interfered with by moving the toxins from one level to greater levels. In different cases, pollution can wipe out the whole part of the food chain. This will affect the organisms by leading to excessive growth or wipes out the prey in a scenario where the predator dies.\n\n4. Destroys ecosystems\n\nVery many species of plants and animals always depend on water for them to survive. Water pollution can ruin the well-balanced ecosystem and habitats for organisms living in water, such as whales, fish, turtles, and many others.\n\n5. Expensive\n\nEconomically, managing and restoring polluted water bodies is very costly. A lot of money is spent on purifying drinking water that takes its source from nutrients polluted water bodies. When there is a depletion of oxygen, the fishing business is greatly affected. In areas where there are water activities or sports, a lot of money is used to clean up the water.\n\n6. Death\n\nWater pollution results in the death of animals. Water animals lose their lives when water is poisoned for different reasons. Water pollution results in damage and deaths of very many animals whose habitats are water. The animals are affected by the solid waste disposed into water bodies as this harms them in various ways.\n\nWays of reducing water pollution include:\n\n· Reduction of plastic use and reuse or instead recycle them when possible.\n\n· Ensure you dispose of off-well chemicals, cleaners, and oil to avoid them from ending up down the drain.\n\n· Have good maintenance of your car to avoid leakage of oil,\n\n· Always pick up your puppy poops in case you have one.\n\nIn conclusion, water pollution is the act of introducing contaminants into water bodies that affect aquatic surroundings. Water pollution affects the whole biosphere, plants, and animals living in water bodies. Water pollution is a primary issue that needs continuous evaluation and revision of water resource policy at every level. Water pollution leads to various factors and has a different effect on the world today; therefore, managing the water pollution issue needs a compelling set of rules, technologies, and scientific advances on different levels.\n\n10 views0 comments", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9405099749565125}
{"content": "Why No Royal Family Members Could Be In Military Uniform For Prince Philip's Funeral\n\nFor all his breeding and royal titles, Prince Philip was apparently an unpretentious man at heart. It was his wish that his funeral service be free of fuss and pomp, and the family is honoring his wishes by skipping the traditional period of lying in state, and by having a simple memorial service on the grounds of Windsor Castle. (The U.K.'s COVID-19-related restrictions on large gatherings also ensure that only 30 close family members and friends will be attending.)\n\nThe Duke of Edinburgh's funeral will also be unusual in that his resting place will be only temporary; once the queen dies, his remains will be moved from the Royal Vault to the King George VI Memorial Chapel at St. George's Chapel so he can be interred next to his loving wife of more than seven decades.\n\nThis being a royal funeral and a major ceremonial event, many formal traditions will be observed. The duke's family — including son Prince Charles and grandsons William and Harry — will walk in a procession behind his coffin on its way to the church, and his personal flag will be laid on his casket. But one surprising change will stand out from the rest, and it has to do with the attire of the royal family.\n\nThe queen wants to show family unity on the day\n\nThe royal family is rightly proud of its tradition of military service. Prince Philip served in the Royal Navy during World War II, and his sons, daughter, and grandsons are all veterans. Even Queen Elizabeth herself was the first woman royal to join the armed forces, as a member of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (via the royals' website). Although protocol dictates that members of the military wear their dress uniforms to official ceremonial events, this would not apply to Prince Harry and his uncle Prince Andrew, who both lost their military titles and privileges when they stepped back from their royal duties.\n\nAccording to the Daily Mail and other sources, the queen has approved the decision for all senior royals to wear dark mourning suits rather than dress uniforms, putting everyone on equal wardrobe footing and showing a picture of a family united in their grief. One might imagine that Her Majesty wants to avoid distracting attention from her husband on a day devoted to him. This decision also takes some weight off Harry's mind during an emotional time; in addition to mourning his grandfather, he and Prince William are seeing each other for the first time since he became a non-working royal and moved to California with wife Meghan Markle.\n\nThe Queen will have to wear unusual funeral attire\n\nAccording to The Sunthere was also reportedly some \"serious Navy displeasure\" at being dragged into a row over the possibility of Prince Andrew wearing an admiral's uniform during the funeral ceremony. However, speaking to the publication, a military source said the Queen's personal intervention to suggest all male members of the royal family wear suits and ties is \"the most eloquent solution to the problem.\"\n\nThe Queen's decision also resolves another potentially awkward situation. Having lost his military privileges, Prince Harry would not have been allowed to salute Prince Philip's casket. Now, all the family will skip this traditional military show of respect. According to the British site Forces, \"Armed Forces personnel only salute when wearing regimental headdress.\"\n\nElsewhere, strict UK coronavirus guidelines mean Her Majesty the Queen will be forced to sit alone during what promises to be an emotional service, and will be required to wear a face mask throughout (via Bustle).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7942866086959839}
{"content": "Distinguish between acids and bases on the basis of their physical properties?\n\nAsked by  | 19th Aug, 2010, 12:00: AM\n\nExpert Answer:\n\nPhysical Property\n\n\nNon - metals\n\nPhysical state\n\nThey are generally solids.\n\nException: Mercury is a liquid\n\nThey are either solids or gases. Exception: Bromine is a liquid\n\n\nThey have a shiny lustre which is called metallic lustre\n\nThey do not have a shiny lustre\n\nException – graphite, iodine\n\n\nThey generally produce a sound on striking a hard surface\n\nThey are non - sonorous\n\n\nSome metals can be beaten into thin sheets.\n\nMost malleable gold and silver\n\nNon – metals are not malleable\n\n\nThe ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires is called ductility\n\nGold is the most ductile metal\n\nException: Lead, sodium or potassium\n\n\nNon – metals are not ductile\n\nElectrical conductivity\n\nThey are good conductors of electricity\n\nBest conductors: Silver and copper.\n\n\nNon- metals are generally poor conductors of electricity\n\nException: Graphite\n\nThermal conductivity\n\nThey are good conductors of heat\n\nBest conductors: Silver and\n\n\nPoor conductors : Lead and mercury\n\nThey are poor conductors of heat\n\n\n\nThey are generally hard\n\nException – alkali metals like sodium, potassium\n\nThey are generally soft\n\nException : Diamond is the hardest substance known\n\nMelting point\n\nThey generally have high melting points\n\nException – gallium , alkali metals like sodium, potassium\n\nGallium and caesium will melt if you keep them on your palm\n\nThey generally have low melting points\n\n\nAnswered by  | 20th Aug, 2010, 09:13: AM\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.773612916469574}
{"content": "Quick Answer: Who Is The 3 Times Prime Minister Of India?\n\nWho was prime minister 3 times?\n\nStanley Baldwin is the only Prime Minister to have served three sovereigns, in succession – King George V, King Edward VIII and King George VI..\n\nWho became prime minister of India 3 times?\n\nList of Prime ministers by length of tenureNo.NameLength of termTotal years of premiership1Jawaharlal Nehru16 years, 286 days2Indira Gandhi15 years, 350 days3Manmohan Singh10 years, 4 days11 more rows\n\nWho is India’s 1 day Prime Minister?\n\nShri Narendra Modi was sworn-in as India’s Prime Minister on 30th May 2019, marking the start of his second term in office. The first ever Prime Minister to be born after Independence, Shri Modi has previously served as the Prime Minister of India from 2014 to 2019.\n\nWho is the salary of Prime Minister?\n\nPrime Minister of IndiaInaugural holderJawaharlal NehruFormation15 August 1947DeputyVacant, Deputy Prime Minister of IndiaSalary₹20 lakh (US$28,000) (annual, including ₹960,000 (US$13,000) MP’s salary)16 more rows\n\nHow many prime ministers has Queen Elizabeth?\n\nThe Queen has had over 170 individuals serve as her realms’ prime ministers throughout her reign, the first new appointment being Dudley Senanayake as Prime Minister of Ceylon and the most recent being Kausea Natano as Prime Minister of Tuvalu; some of these individuals have served multiple non-consecutive terms in …\n\nHow many prime ministers has Queen Elizabeth II had?\n\n14 Prime MinistersHow many Prime Ministers have served during Queen Elizabeth II’s reign? In total 14 Prime Ministers have allegiance to the Queen, since she ascended the throne aged 25 on 6 February, 1952 – including Boris Johnson.\n\nWho is the First Lady citizen of India?\n\nSavita Kovind has been the First Lady of India since 25 July 2017.\n\nHas a British PM died in office?\n\nIndeed, four twentieth-century Prime Ministers (Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Alec Douglas-Home and James Callaghan) made it into their 90s. But seven British Prime Ministers died in office and a further nine died within two-and-a-half years of leaving Number 10.\n\nDoes the Queen have a passport?\n\nWhen travelling overseas, The Queen does not require a British passport. As a British passport is issued in the name of Her Majesty, it is unnecessary for The Queen to possess one. … All other members of the Royal Family, including The Duke of Edinburgh and The Prince of Wales, have passports.\n\nWho is the best British prime minister?\n\n27,000 people responded, and decided that Winston Churchill was the greatest, with Attlee second. The full results were: Winston Churchill.\n\nWho is powerful man in India?\n\nTop ten nomineesRankNameState1B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956)Maharashtra2A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1931–2015)Tamil Nadu3Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950)Gujarat4Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964)Uttar Pradesh6 more rows\n\nWhich number pm is Modi?\n\nPrime Ministers of India#Prime MinisterLength of Retirement11H. D. Deve Gowda23 years, 198 days12I. K. Gujral14 years, 256 days13Dr. Manmohan Singh6 years, 163 days14Narendra ModiIncumbent10 more rows", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.591585636138916}
{"content": "JMS is developing a Reviewer System like Submission System. However, it is still under construction processes and is expected to be finalised by the end of the article submission deadline. Please follow this page in order to be informed about the status of the Reviewer System. To be a JMS reviewer, you can fill the following form.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9943785071372986}
{"content": "hOw to arrive aT 3030 Gandeg\n\nIn summer the Gandegg Hut can be reached on foot in 20-30 minutes from the Trockener Steg cable car station. Take the cable car from Zermatt to Furi and then Furi - Trockener Steg.\n\n\nAlternatively, you can also hike up from Zermatt directly to the hut or, for example, starting from the Schwarzsee.\n\n3030 Gandegg\nGandegghütte | 3920 Zermatt\n\n\n\nBy ski / snowboard: Coming from the Gandegg cable car or Plateau Rosa, a junction to the right (signposted) leads over a side slope directly to the\nGandegg Hut.\n\n\nOn foot: From Trockener Steg, a winter hiking trail takes you to the Gandegg Hut in 30 minutes.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9960853457450867}
{"content": "What do Always sanitary products, X-pression braids, Thinx period-proof underwear, and DevaCurl have in common? While the uses of these products are as different from each other as day is from night, they have all come under fire for having toxic chemicals or causing harmful side effects on women’s bodies all around the world.\n\nSource: Popular Science\n\nSince January 2019, consumers from countries like Kenya, South Africa, and Pakistan have been asking questions about the quality of Proctor and Gamble’s (P&G) Always sanitary pads under the hashtag #MyAlwaysExperience on different social media platforms. Many menstruating people around the world have complained of getting rashes, burns, and vaginal infections as a result of using Always sanitary pads. Thinx period-proof menstrual underwear, on the other hand, was discovered to contain high levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are “chemicals associated with cancer, decreased immune response to vaccines, decreased fertility, and more”(PFASCentral.org. 2019). Exposure to PFAS at even the lowest concentrations has been shown to harm human health(PFASCentral.org. 2019). This shocking discovery was made when Ms. Jessian Choy, a blogger for a Sierra Club sustainability living column, sent period-proof underwear from different manufacturers to Notre Dame University researchers to test whether they were as eco-friendly as the manufacturers claimed(Choy,2020). X-pression hair extensions used braids, on the other hand, have, over the years, been cited as the cause of itchy and tender scalps among the myriads of black women who are the majority patrons of the brand. Lastly, DevaCurl, a hair product marketed to curly-haired women of color in the United States of America (USA) is said to have caused hair damage and loss, and other injuries to their hair and scalps(Diaz,2020).\n\nHow are brands responding?\n\nSome of the companies in question have denied that their products are causing harm among consumers, while others have reformulated them because of public pressure. For instance, at first, P&G denied that their sanitary products delivered to Global South countries were of less quality than ones provided to Global North countries. This theory was debunked when Twitter users shared pictures of Always pads from countries like Kenya, South Africa, and Pakistan and compared them to images of pads from the US and Belgium. Additionally, journalist April Zhu made a viral Twitter thread about P&G using polyethylene (PE) film in their pads as opposed to alternatives called non-wovens(Zhu,2019). She then described that PE film was chosen for pads manufactured for Global South markets because they were cheaper than non-wovens(Zhu,2019). The PE film is what is said to be the cause of itching, burning, and rashes that people who menstruate are complaining about. After mounting public pressure globally, the company announced the launch of new pads for the affected markets and promised to have reformulated them. Thinx, on the other hand, denied the allegations by Jessian Choy with Thinx CEO Maria Molland, insisting that the tests the company did on their products did not show any presence of PFAS chemicals in their products(Segran,2020). Deva Curl, too, has insisted that their products did not cause any damage and that they had found no safety issues with their formula, contrary to allegations by thousands of women in the US (Diaz, 2020). The X-pression brand, however, has not made any statement on concerns aired by users of their products.\n\nThe relationship between women and pain\n\nThe denial of women’s pain by corporations is hardly a new phenomenon. Historically, women’s pain is not merely met with doubt but suspicion(Cote,2018). Women’s pain is often dismissed as psychological and, further trivialized as an inconvenience that they choose to complain about (Lozie,2017). Studies on chronic pain have shown that while women make up 70% of patients dealing with chronic pain, 86% of studies on pain are done on male mice and humans. This points to the fact that there is a dearth of information on women’s bodies and pain. Women are encultured to be uncomfortable and even ignore their discomfort (Cote, 2018; Loofbourow, 2018). There is also a notion that since women face a lot of pain that comes with biological functions such as menstruation and childbirth, it should be normal to them. Complaining about this pain is often seen as weak. This bias is not only in the medical community but in other spaces, too, like the beauty industry where tropes such as one that states that beauty must come with pain are perpetuated. \n\nSource Unknown\n\nHence when corporations deny women’s allegations, they are only just continuing the culture of diminishing and ignoring women’s pain. When it comes to men, however, the case is different. Studies show that men’s pain is taken more seriously, and they are more likely to be prescribed pain medication for chronic pain than women (Kiesel,2017). One case that could paint this picture is how a male injective contraceptive was pulled out of trials because men in the trial reported side effects such as acne, mood swings, and depression (NPR,2016). It is ironic that women’s contraceptives, which cause the same side effects and even worse ones like blood clots, have not been pulled out of the market even after decades of complaints from women. When it comes to pain, women are screaming into the void, and nobody is listening, not even corporations that make profit off their backs.\n\n\nNew media as a way of validating women’s experiences and eliminating gaslighting\n\nWhile corporations like P&G, Thinx, and DevaCurl may try and gaslight consumers off their own experiences, they are finding ways to support and affirm each other’s allegations. And social media platforms are at the core of it. Before the advent of new media, traditional media was complicit in furthering the silencing narratives about female bodies. Topics such as menstruation were a taboo in public spaces, and traditional media kept it that way by steering off those topics. However, new media has given people a platform to talk about issues that were once deemed shameful without censorship(Nyabola,2018). It is for this reason that thousands of people who menstruate were able to share their narratives on experiences with Always pads off of what started with one tweet ranting about the sanitary pads. Consumers who shared their stories recalled horror stories about Always pads that have been whispered amongst peers for years and years.\nAdditionally, when P&G denied that their pads for Global South were not different, the networked nature of social media enabled people to collect evidence suggesting otherwise, from countries far and wide. Similarly, on Youtube, beauty influencers like Ayesha Malik denounced their partnerships with Deva Curl and talked extensively about their horror stories about using the products. This caused a ripple effect where people who used Deva Curl products, including Nigerian-Tamil author Akwaeke Emezi, also shared their negative experiences with Deva Curl on social media. It is also on YouTube that black women have been sharing tips and tutorials on how to prevent the itchiness brought about by braiding hair with X-pression braids. Soaking the X-pression hair extensions in a solution of water and apple cider vinegar neutralizes the harsh alkaline chemicals that manufacturers use to preserve the hair extensions; these chemicals are the culprits that cause the itching (Adesina,2019). Blogs like the Sierra Club are also platforms where women connect and share stories in the comment sections of posts. New media platforms are also crucial for archival purposes. Time may pass, but evidence will remain online on how specific brands ignored women’s pain and discomfort. In an age where brand reputation and perception matters, women have found the one way brands will acknowledge the pain inflicted on them by their products. And they are not stopping any time soon.\n\n\n  1. Adesina, P., 2019. Braids Are Causing Unbearable Itching For Black Women & The Reason Behind It Is Highly Suspicious. [online] Refinery29.com. Available at: <https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/itchy-braids-hair> [Accessed 8 May 2020].\n  2. Choy, J., 2020. My Menstrual Underwear Has Toxic Chemicals In It. [online] Sierra Club. Available at: <https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/ask-ms-green/my-menstrual-underwear-has-toxic-chemicals-it> [Accessed 21 April 2020].\n  3. Cote, R., 2018. The Reality Of Women’S Pain. [online] The New Republic. Available at: <https://newrepublic.com/article/147303/reality-womens-pain> [Accessed 8 May 2020].\n  4. Diaz, T., 2020. Devacurl Creates “Curl Care Council” Following Hair-Loss Allegations. [online] Refinery29.com. Available at: <https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/02/9363703/devacurl-hair-loss-damage-controversy> [Accessed 7 May 2020].\n  5. Kiesel, L., 2017. Women And Pain: Disparities In Experience And Treatment – Harvard Health Blog. [online] Harvard Health Blog. Available at: <https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/women-and-pain-disparities-in-experience-and-treatment-2017100912562> [Accessed 7 May 2020].\n  6. NPR. 2016. NPR Choice Page. [online] Available at: <https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/03/500549503/male-birth-control-study-killed-after-men-complain-about-side-effects> [Accessed 8 May 2020].\n  7. Lozie, C., 2017. The Erasure Of Female Pain. [online] The Republic. Available at: <https://republic.com.ng/vol1-no1/the-erasure-of-female-pain/> [Accessed 7 May 2020].\n  8. PFASCentral.org. 2019. EWG Investigates – The Science On PFAS: Rebuttal To 3M’S Claims – PFAS Central. [online] Available at: <https://pfascentral.org/news/ewg-invenstigates-the-science-on-pfas-rebuttal-to-3ms-claims> [Accessed 21 April 2020].\n  9. Segran, E., 2020. Report: Thinx Menstrual Underwear Has Toxic Chemicals In The Crotch. [online] Fast Company. Available at: <https://www.fastcompany.com/90450618/report-thinx-menstrual-underwear-has-toxic-chemicals-in-the-crotch> [Accessed 7 May 2020].", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7362068891525269}
{"content": "Patterned bowl\n\nPatterned bowl, 900 CE, Igbo-Ukwu\n\nPatterned bowl is an Igbo Bronze Sculpture created between c.800 CE and 900 CE. The image is tagged Vessels and Pattern. Source\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9642462134361267}
{"content": "How to insert spaces/tabs in text using HTML/CSS? This is because when you use methods of the Array object such as array.shift() or array.unshift(), each element’s index changes. An array is a type of data structure where we store the elements of a similar data type. Storage of 2-D array elements are rowed by row in a contiguous memory location. generate link and share the link here. His expert areas are ASP.NET, ADO.NET, C# .NET and WPF. (array.pop() and array.push() may change the length of the array, but they don’t change the existing array element’s index numbers because you are dealing with th… There are two major types of arrays: ind e xed array and associative array. For example, you can declare an array using a \"square bracket syntax\" that will look very familiar to JavaScript developers. The array is specified by adding a square bracket after the type. An array is an object that contains one or more items called elements. This means that an array once initialized cannot be resized. How to calculate the number of days between two dates in javascript? If the specified employee name is present in the array then it returns the employee information and if the employee name is not present in the array list then it shows the NO Information message. Example: Using TypeScript ‘Spread’ operator Mahesh has been. contributions to the developer community. Then you can pass the array you want to lookup, the property you’re looking for and its value. There are many ways in TypeScript to type a property as an array, or contains an array of “something”. How to remove array elements . What is a Dictionary Type Whether coming from Node.js, Python, C# or any other programming language you’ve probably heard of using one of the following: Associative ArrayMapSymbol TableDictionary These are actually all referring to the same thing – that is: “an abstract data type composed of a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most … How to set the default value for an HTML", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9979263544082642}
{"content": "Vitellogenin and Common Ancestry\n\nDennis Venema\non February 25, 2016\n\n#Does BioLogos have egg on its face?\n\nIn my role at BioLogos, I frequently explore the diverse and extensive evidence for common ancestry – the evolutionary idea that species we see in the present day share common ancestors in the past. One such line of evidence is the presence of mutated genes that no longer perform their original function. These sorts of sequences, called pseudogenes, are widespread. Moreover, for many of these defective genes, we share identical mutations with other species – most often with chimpanzees, then with gorillas, then with orang-utans, and so on. The pattern of these shared mutations forms what is known as a nested hierarchy. Shared mutations in pseudogenes that form nested hierarchies are an excellent way to determine how species are related to one another. For example, prior to genome sequencing that provided these data, there were a few scientists that maintained that gorillas were a closer relative to humans than chimpanzees. They based their argument on anatomical evidence, though their views were very much a minority view. Genome sequencing helped resolve this question, in part by examining shared mutations in pseudogenes.\n\nThe nose knew\n\nAn example that illustrates this well is olfactory receptor pseudogenes. Olfactory receptors are proteins present on nasal surfaces (the olfactory epithelium) that bind on chemicals in the air we breathe, change their shape in response to that binding, and then use their changed shape to transmit signals to our nervous system that we perceive as smell. Humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas have lost the function of many olfactory receptor genes, and we share many identical mutations in common with these other apes. If humans are more closely related to chimpanzees, this means that we share a longer common ancestral lineage with them than we do with gorillas. If we are more closely related to gorillas, the converse is true. These two hypotheses predict one of two patterns for olfactory receptor pseudogenes. If we are closer relatives to chimpanzees, we should observe some mutations in olfactory receptor pseudogenes that we share with chimpanzees but not with gorillas. Conversely, if we are more closely related to gorillas, we should see some mutations that are shared between humans and gorillas but not with chimpanzees:\n\nFigure 1: When we examine genome sequencing data, we see many identical mutations shared by all three species, but more importantly some mutations shared between humans and chimpanzees that gorillas do not have. This evidence (which also happens to line up with all other genome sequence evidence) shows us that chimpanzees are our closest relatives.\n\nYou’ve come a long way, baby\n\nWhile it’s not too surprising to see olfactory receptor pseudogenes in mammals, pseudogene sequences can persist for a very long time in a lineage – long enough that their presence can become incongruous with the lifestyle of the organism that harbors them. One example that I have discussed several times in the past is the curious case of vitellogenin pseudogenes in placental mammals. Vitellogenins are large proteins used by egg-laying organisms to provide a store of nutrition to their embryos in egg yolk. Since vitellogenins are so large, they are a good source of amino acids when digested (proteins are made of amino acids linked together). Many of the amino acids in vitellogenins have sugars attached to them as well, so they also serve as a source of carbohydrates. The three-dimensional shape of vitellogenin proteins also acts as a carrier for lipids. As such, vitellogenins can be synthesized in the mother and transferred to the yolk as a ready-made supply of amino acids, sugars, and lipids for the developing embryo.\n\nPlacental mammals, on the other hand, use a different strategy for nourishing their embryos during development: the placenta. This connection between the mother and embryo allows for nutrient transfer right up until birth. As such, there is no need for vitellogenins, or storing up a supply in the egg yolk for the embryo to use. Evolutionary biology predicts that placental mammals descend from egg-laying ancestors, however – and one good line of evidence in support of that hypothesis (among many) is that placental mammals, humans included, have the remains of vitellogenin gene sequences in their genomes.\n\nLooking for Answers\n\nNot surprisingly, this evidence is problematic for those holding an anti-evolutionary perspective. Back in 2012, I surveyed the websites of anti-evolutionary groups to examine how they handled this evidence – but came up empty-handed. Though young-earth groups (such as the Institute for Creation Research and Answers in Genesis), old-earth groups (such as Reasons to Believe), and supporters of Intelligent Design (such as the Discovery Institute) all had articles discussing pseudogene evidence in general, as well as the particular case of the GULO pseudogene that makes humans and other apes dependent on dietary vitamin C, none specifically dealt with vitellogenin pseudogenes in particular:\n\nInterestingly, this situation has now changed. Though the Discovery Institute and Reasons to Believe remain silent on the topic, a paper has now been published by young-earth creationist (YEC) researcher Jeffery Tomkins that claims to debunk the vitellogenin pseudogene story. The paper is published in Answers Research Journal (a journal owned and operated by Answers in Genesis), though Tomkins works for ICR. In a blog post entitled “Evolutionists Lay an Egg: Vitellogenin Pseudogene Debunked.” Tomkins introduces his work on the ICR website as follows (where he abbreviates vitellogenin as “vtg”):\n\nOne study claimed to have found genetic evidence of an ancient vtg gene in the human genome. Because the actual data for this discovery were questionable, the evolutionary community in general did not actively popularize the alleged finding. However, BioLogos, a religious group of evolutionary scientists and liberal Christian theologians, has been promoting the so-called egg-laying pseudogene discovery as evidence of evolution. Because this type of propaganda is targeted to the Christian community, the claim should be more thoroughly investigated.\n\nTomkins goes on to claim that he has overturned the evidence that the human genome has a vitellogenin pseudogene, claiming rather that it is part of a functional gene. As such, he claims the evidence shows that the “so-called egg-laying pseudogene” is not evidence for evolution, and that BioLogos is in error in presenting it as such. Since I am the primary BioLogos author who uses this example, and since I am committed to representing scientific evidence as accurately as possible for the BioLogos community, I was naturally interested in Tomkins’ claims. Do I have vitellogenin on my face, as it were?\n\nIn a nutshell, I do not think the case Tomkins makes stands up to scrutiny – but explaining why will require some effort. As we undertake a careful analysis of his work, we will also have opportunity to delve more fully into the science related to how placental reproduction came to be within our lineage – an area of biology that is fascinating in its own right.\n\nIn the following section, we’ll start by examining the vitellogenin sequences found in the human genome, and begin to discuss the lines of evidence that support their evolutionary history.\n\n#Understanding Synteny\n\n\nIn C.S. Lewis’s book Prince Caspian, the Pevensie children find themselves, upon their unexpected return to Narnia, in the ruins of their former palace, Cair Paravel. Unaware that they are several hundred years beyond “their time” as kings and queens as recounted in The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, they at first do not recognize the ruins. Over time, however, they begin to notice similarities. Though Cair Paravel was not on an island, nor was an apple orchard planted up to the walls, there were too many similarities to ignore. The great hall, with its dais, was the correct size and shape, though now roofless. The well was in the correct location, and also the correct shape. Near the well, Susan had found a gold chess piece, exactly alike to the ones they remembered using. Though at first difficult to imagine, more and more pieces fit into place, strengthening their conviction that they are, in fact, in the ruins of their once glorious home. As they begin to “see” it as it was, Lucy hits upon an idea that will settle the matter readily:\n\n‘There’s one thing,’ said Lucy. ‘If this is Cair Paravel there ought to be a door at the end of this dais. In fact we ought to be sitting with our backs against it at this moment. You know – the door that led down to the treasure chamber.’\n\n‘I suppose there isn’t a door,’ said Peter, getting up. The wall behind them was a mass of ivy.\n\n‘We can soon find out,’ said Edmund…\n\nC.S.Lewis, Prince Caspian\n\nAs those who have read the story know, the children soon discover beyond doubt that they are indeed in the ruins of Cair Paravel: they find the treasure chamber, and within it the gifts that Aslan had given them hundreds of years before.\n\nThe reason that Cair Paravel remained recognizable, even after hundreds of years, was that several of its features were resistant to the effects of long spans of time. Though the original peninsula could become an island, an orchard overgrow, and a roof fall in, other features would not shift: the shape, size, and relative placement of the walls and rooms persisted.\n\nLike buildings, the DNA sequences in an organism’s genome can retain features for very long spans of time even after their original function is lost. These features can be used to make predictions about what we should find, and where. One such feature is the organization of genes along a chromosome. For example, consider two closely related species. Since these species recently shared a common ancestral population, and thus the same genome, we would expect the majority of genes in these two species to remain in the same locations relative to each other (Figure 2):\n\nFigure 2. Closely related species have not only highly similar genes and inter-gene sequences, but have their genes conserved in the same spatial arrangement: in other words, they have large blocks of genes with shared synteny.\n\nThis conserved gene order along chromosomes is known as shared synteny: “syn” here means “together” and “teny” means “held”, so “synteny” means “held together” – genes held together in the same pattern in related organisms. Genes in closely related organisms can be present in blocks of synteny that are thousands of genes long. Over time, gene order can be rearranged through chromosome breakage and rejoining – slowly erasing shared synteny in separate lineages. Despite these processes, however, shared synteny can persist for a very long time in distantly related species. Like the ruins of Cair Paravel, it takes a long time to remove the overall pattern to the point where it is not recognizable.\n\nGoing on an egg hunt\n\nThe knowledge that shared synteny can persist in separate lineages for a very long time was useful when looking for vitellogenin gene fragments in the human genome. As we saw in Part 1 of this series, placental mammals do not require vitellogenin genes to supply their embryos with yolk. Converging lines of evidence, however, indicate that placental mammals are the descendants of egg-laying ancestors. For example, placental mammals and birds (a group of modern-day, egg-laying organisms) are thought to have shared a common ancestral population about 310 million years ago. If this is the case, then it is possible that vitellogenin gene sequences, however fragmentary, might remain in the human genome. The scientists interested in this question used synteny to find the regions of the human genome worth examining.\n\nModern birds (such as chickens) have three vitellogenin genes: VIT1, VIT2, and VIT3. The latter ones sit side by side in the chicken genome, with VIT1 in a different location. The three VIT genes sit next to other genes in the chicken genome: VIT1 sits next to a gene called “ELTD1”, and VIT2 and VIT3 sit between genes named “SSX2IP” and “CTBS”. These genes are not involved in making egg yolk – they just happen to be the closest neighbors of the VIT genes (Figure 3):\n\nFigure 3. The genomic context for the three VIT genes in chicken.\n\n\nWith these data in hand, the researchers then searched the human genome for the genes near the chicken VIT genes. These three genes (ELTD1, SSX2IP, and CTBS) are also found as functional genes in humans – and as expected, these genes have the same spatial arrangement in the human genome as they do in chickens (Figure 4):\n\nFigure 4. The genes flanking the VIT genes in chicken are present in the human genome in the same spatial pattern.\n\n\nThe researchers then did a careful sequence comparison between these regions in the human and chicken genomes. The gene sequences for ELTD1, SSX2IP, and CTBS were already known to be highly similar, but they found that other sequences in this region matched as well. We can represent sequence matches between the two genomes as a black bar between them to show what they found (Figure 5):\n\nFigure 5. Shared synteny between humans and chickens spanning the regions with functional chicken VIT genes. Black bars between the two chromosomes indicate sequence matches. The match between humans and chickens is statistically significant at the site of VIT1, but the fragments at VIT2 and VIT3 are too short to support statistical significance. This figure is based on data from Brawand et al., 2008.\n\n\nWhat is important to note is that not only did the researchers find evidence of fragmentary remains of all three VIT genes in the human genome (though the human VIT1 sequence was the best preserved of the three) they also found sequence matches that span both regions on either side of the genes in question. This evidence increases our confidence that we are indeed looking at regions with shared synteny: in other words, a region in two present-day species that was once a region in the genome of their common ancestral population. The human VIT sequences, as expected, are far too fragmentary to act as functional VIT genes.\n\nIn the following section, we’ll begin to explore how Jeffery Tomkins examines this evidence in his attempt to refute it.\n\n#Reading Tomkins\n\n\n\nIn the previous section, we examined the evidence for shared synteny between the human and chicken genomes for the regions with functional vitellogenin (VIT) genes in chickens. (Recall that shared synteny is merely the technical term for two or more genes in the same spatial pattern – i.e. order along a chromosome –  in two or more organisms). What we saw in Figure 5 is that there is good evidence that the regions containing VIT pseudogene fragments in the human genome once shared common ancestral sequences with the VIT regions in chickens: the regions have the same sequences in the same overall pattern, even though changes have occurred since these sequences went their separate ways:\n\n\nBut, you might ask – what about the other houses?\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReading Tomkins\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn the next section, we’ll see that even Tomkins’ treatment of this small VIT1 fragment has several problems.\n\n#Tomkins’ false dichotomy\n\nIn the last post in this series, we saw how Tomkins – in his attempt to refute the striking evidence for common ancestry that human vitellogenin (VIT) pseudogenes provide – chose to ignore the entirety of the evidence except for one fragment, 150  base pairs long, of the human VIT1 pseudogene. From this starting point, he then attempts to convince his readership that this fragment is not a VIT pseudogene fragment at all, but rather part of a gene with a function unrelated to egg yolk formation.\n\nEven as we turn to evaluating that argument, it’s important to remember that doing so is secondary to what we have already addressed: Tomkins has chosen to ignore almost all of the evidence for human VIT pseudogenes, and all of the evidence for VIT pseudogenes in other placental and marsupial mammals. Even if Tomkins’ case for the one fragment he chooses to address was airtight, it would not even begin to be a satisfactory rebuttal of the evidence for a scientifically informed audience.\n\nTomkins on shared synteny\n\nAs we have seen in prior posts, the shared synteny between the human and chicken genomes for the VIT1 region is an important piece of evidence for their common ancestry.  Though Tomkins is aware of the importance of this line of evidence, he addresses it dismissively:\n\nOne of the supporting arguments for the vtg pseudogene fragment being authentic is that it shares gene neighborhood synteny with chicken. When this was investigated, it was found that gene synteny surrounding the chicken vtg1 gene (~360,000 bases) compared to the region surrounding the alleged vit1 fragment in human, was completely different except for the presence of the LTD1 [sic, what Brawand et. al call ELTD1] gene which was about three times the distance (~100,000 bases) from the alleged vit fragment as its homolog is in chicken (~38,000 bases). [Emphasis mine]\n\nTomkins is recognizing that the ELTD1 gene is the same in humans and chickens, but he claims that the rest of the surrounding area is “completely different” and that it is further away from VIT1 in humans than in chickens. Of course, admitting that the ELTD1 gene sits beside the functional VIT1 gene in chickens and the VIT1 pseudogene fragment in humans is a concession to shared synteny – but notice how Tomkins treats this evidence. His primary claim is that aside from the ELTD1 gene sequences, these regions are “completely different” in humans and chickens. (Additionally, he points out that the number of base pairs between the human and chicken sequences and ELTD1 differs – though I am unclear why he would think this supports his case, unless he is not willing to consider that insertion and/or deletion mutations in this region may have altered the distances over time.) His primary claim – that these regions are “completely different” is incorrect, as we can see from the data in the original paper, and diagrammed here:\n\nFigure 7: ABOVE: Shared synteny between humans and chickens spanning the VIT1 region. Black bars between the two chromosomes indicate sequence matches. There are several matches between the functional VIT1 in chicken and the human genome, though the human VIT1 sequences are fragmentary. This figure is based on data from Brawand et al., 2008.\n\nNot only are there several sequence matches in the region between the VIT1 fragment and the ELTD1 gene, some of those sequences are VIT1 pseudogene fragments that Tomkins is ignoring. Additionally, there are matches that extend beyond the ELTD1 gene and the VIT1 fragments, which establish that these sequences share synteny.\n\nI am not exactly sure why Tomkins would claim that these sequences, which do indeed have matches, are completely different. It may be that they are “completely different” under the particular (and highly idiosyncratic) methods he has used to do genome comparisons in the past, for which he has been criticized, even by other young-earth creationists and supporters of Intelligent Design (see here and here, for example). In any case, Tomkins’ claim in this instance is simply wrong, and would greatly mislead a non-specialist audience.\n\nPseudogene or functional gene?\n\nHaving rebutted the synteny evidence to his satisfaction, the rest of the case that Tomkins attempts to make is straightforward to understand: He argues that the 150 base pair fragment of VIT1 is “not a real pseudogene” but rather regulatory DNA for an unrelated gene – DNA that functions to direct where and when another gene is transcribed. This gene falls into a class of genes known as “long non-coding RNAs” – genes that are transcribed into RNA but do not code for proteins. These genes are thought to arise quite easily over the course of evolution, and many are thought to have little or no function (for a good but technical review, see here). Specifically, the VIT1 fragment Tomkins acknowledges sits in an intron of this gene (part of the gene that is spliced out of the RNA copy after it is transcribed from DNA). Tomkins summarizes the evidence – such as it is – that suggests this sequence might have a regulatory function. If this fragment is a functional part of an unrelated gene, he argues, it makes sense to understand it as the result of special creation, rather than the evolutionary remnant of a once-functional VIT1 gene in the lineage leading to humans.\n\nThe major problem with this argument is that it subscribes to a false dichotomy: that this sequence is either a VIT1 pseudogene fragment or a functional part of another gene. From an evolutionary perspective, there is no issue with it being both. Part of evolutionary theory is the expectation that occasionally some sequences, after losing their original function, may come under natural selection to be repurposed to another function. The technical term for this process is exaptation, and many examples of it are known. Certainly a long, non-coding RNA gene could arise at this location in the human genome and this sequence could be exapted as a regulatory sequence – but there is no hint of admitting this possibility in Tomkins’ work. Once again we are reminded that he is not writing for a scientifically informed audience, but rather for a lay audience that will not know about the possibility of exaptation and expect him to provide evidence that it is not a factor in this situation. Rather, it seems enough to Tomkins to suggest that the sequence is functional – and that this alone will be enough for him to convince his readership that this fragment is “not a real pseudogene.”\n\nCair Paravel, prefab houses, and exaptation\n\nPerhaps returning to our prior analogies of synteny will be helpful here. Recall that when the Pevensie children (of Chronicles of Narnia fame) were coming to the realization that they were in the ruins of Cair Paravel, they had to clear away a mass of ivy from a wall before they could access the door to the treasure chamber. This wall had previously held up the roof of the great hall above the dais, but now it was a support for the ivy, and undoubtedly a host of animal life within it. The “function” of the wall, then, had changed over time. None of the children, of course, pointed to this “new function” as incompatible with their hypothesis that the wall had formerly been used for a different purpose. The observation that the wall was now a home for plants, insects and perhaps even birds was not a problem, since the children understood that these new properties could have been accumulated over time as the original function was diminished. Moreover, they correctly understood that the weight of the evidence around them strongly suggested that this transformation indeed had taken place.\n\nOur second analogy was the neighborhood of prefabricated houses in my hometown – originally constructed as identical, and gradually becoming more distinct over time as each house has its independent history shaped by renovations and alterations. Suppose in this neighborhood one homeowner decided to relocate the bathroom into an addition, and repurpose the original bathroom into a laundry room. Careful examination of the laundry room might show how the plumbing was adapted from its original function to serve in this new capacity. Imagine, for example, that the drain for the toilet remained in its original position, but was capped and recessed under the floor. Though the room might have been converted to a new function, it still would retain some features that indicated its prior history – and examining other houses in the neighborhood would only confirm our suspicions. Merely discussing how the washing machine was hooked up properly (perhaps where the sink had once been) would do nothing to convince us that the toilet drain under the tiles was anything other than the clear sign the room had once been a bathroom.\n\nPut more simply, evidence of function does not erase the evidence for prior history.\n\nEven though the evidence that this sequence is functional in humans is rather thin, the main issue is that even if its function were convincingly demonstrated in the future, it would not remove the evidence that this sequence was once part of a functional VIT gene – evidence that Tomkins has either not addressed, or denied outright.\n\nIn the next section, we’ll leave Tomkins behind and delve into the biology of how a lineage might shift from laying eggs to placental reproduction – a shift that has also occurred in lineages other than the one leading to placental mammals.\n\n#From Egg to Placenta\n\nIn the first four sections of this article, we have seen that there is strong genetic evidence to support the hypothesis that placental mammals descend from egg-laying ancestors. One such line of evidence is the remains of three vitellogenin genes in the genomes of placental mammals exactly where common ancestry predicts them to be. Vitellogenins, as we have seen, are necessary for forming egg yolk. In placental mammals, yolk is not made, and embryos are connected to the mother to receive direct nourishment throughout development.\n\nOften when I present on these lines of evidence, questions arise: how is it that an organism could suddenly stop laying eggs and switch to live birth? How could a placenta suddenly appear? Many of these questions are rooted in the misconception that evolution is a sudden process, perhaps requiring large mutations that dramatically alter one organism. Rather, evolution is a gradual process where average characteristics of a population shift over time. As such, evolution predicts that the transition to live birth and a placental connection was a gradual one. Even with these understandings in place, however, the gap from one form of reproduction to the other seems too far for evolution to bridge.\n\nAs Tompkins puts it:\n\nThe grand evolutionary story claims that egg-laying creatures share a common ancestry with placental mammals. Non-mammalian vertebrates, such as birds and reptiles, lay eggs with nutritional reserves in the egg yolk to nourish the growing embryo inside. In contrast, the embryos of placental mammals are nourished through the placenta, a specialized organ attached to the uterine wall of the mother. Placental mammals are born alive and do not hatch from eggs.\n\nThe supposed transition from an egg-laying reproductive system to a placenta-based system is notoriously difficult for evolutionists to explain.\n\nSo, is this transition “notoriously difficult” to explain, as Tompkins claims? No, actually, it’s not. Let’s take a look.\n\nPlacental reptiles?\n\nOne thing to keep in mind in this discussion is that mammals, as a group, are nested within reptiles. In other words, mammals are modified reptiles. There are numerous transitional fossils linking reptiles to mammals, and the now out-dated names for these groups were once “mammal-like reptiles” and “reptile-like mammals” with no clear dividing line between them, illustrating the gradual shift from reptile to mammal.\n\nSo, present-day reptiles and present-day mammals are close relatives. Hold that thought.\n\nThose who have read my Evolution Basics series will also be familiar with the idea of convergent evolution – the observation that evolution often “repeats itself” in lineages. We see fish and dolphins arrive at very similar body shapes, for example – shapes that were not inherited from their last common ancestral population.\n\nOne way to explore the possibility of an egg-laying to live-birth to live-birth-with-placental-development transition in the placental mammal lineage is to see if other lineages have also – convergently – arrived at something like placental development from an egg-laying starting point. The place to look for such transitions would be among mammalian relatives, such as reptiles.\n\nWhen we do this, we find numerous examples of reptiles that have shifted from egg laying to live birth. We also find examples of live-bearing reptiles that have placentas. Moreover, there are even examples of reptiles (skinks, as it happens) of the same species that can either lay eggs, or bear live young, depending on the environmental conditions they find themselves in. In challenging conditions, they retain their embryos for live birth. In easier conditions, they lay eggs. All that is required for live birth in these “dual mode” species is an eggshell that progressively becomes thinner and thinner as development proceeds, such that it is merely a thin membrane at the time of birth.\n\nIronically, the young-earth creationist organization Answers in Genesis has commented on these observations, and concluded that the ability to switch between egg laying and bearing live young in reptiles (and the various types of placentas seen in reptiles) is consistent with their view of “created kinds”:\n\nExtant live-bearing lizards and other reptiles display an array of placental morphologies. Furthermore, at least two species of skinks contain both egg-laying and live-bearing members. While touted as evidence for evolution, these species are actually good illustrations not of evolution but of genetic variation within created kinds. Those dual-mode skink species exist in different climates, each variety being well-adapted to the challenges of its environment. And there is no evidence that those skink populations are changing their reproductive habits at all or evolving into new kinds of creatures.\n\nWhile we cannot know for certain how many created kinds of lizards God made in the beginning, we could postulate that the genetic ability for egg-laying and live-birth co-existed at least in skinks of the dual-mode types …  the diversity of placental morphology among reptiles is consistent with the biblical concept that the created kinds of creatures diversified to fill the ecological niches of the world. Natural selection (and other mechanisms) would have allowed the best-adapted populations to survive in each habitat.\n\nSo, from a young-earth perspective, these sorts of shifts in reproductive strategy simply reflect the “genetic variation within created kinds”. Why such (repeated) transitions within reptiles is viewed as trivial, but such a transition within mammals would be “notoriously difficult” is not explained.\n\nFrom egg to placenta\n\nThe evidence we see from present-day reptiles thus gives us ideas about how this transition may have occurred in the placental mammal lineage:\n\n  1. An egg-laying species shifts towards being able to either lay eggs, or retain them for live birth with a thinned shell, depending on the conditions present. Vitellogenins would be needed and useful at this point.\n  2. This lineage then becomes increasingly committed to live-bearing, still with intact vitellogenins. Eggs have yolk as per normal, but are not laid any longer.\n  3. Once committed to live-bearing, embryos receiving nourishment from the uterine wall during the time they are being held becomes advantageous – such as uptake of calcium from the mother, as seen in present-day “dual mode” skinks.\n  4. Over time, variation and selection allows for the connection between embryos and the uterine wall to become more elaborate – the beginning of a placenta (such as the varied “placentas” we observe in present-day live-bearing reptiles).\n  5. As a stronger placental connection evolves, there is correspondingly less need for egg yolk to nourish the embryo. Eventually, the vitellogenins are lost, but without impact, since the placental connection has replaced their function.\n\nOf course, these are ideas – hypotheses – about how this transition may have taken place. The point is not that we have determined exactly how it took place, but that it is a probable path based on what we see in other organisms. The point is that this transition seems readily accessible to present-day reptiles – and thus was likely possible for their close mammalian relatives as well. As such, the evidence for vitellogenin pseudogenes we see in placental mammal genomes should come as no surprise.\n\nNotes & References\n\nDennis Venema\nAbout the Author\n\nDennis Venema\n\n\nGod's Word. God's World. Delivered to your inbox.\n\n\nWhat is BioLogos?\n\nTable of Contents", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9667346477508545}
{"content": "Please enter your keyword:\n\nSign up to our newsletter\n\n360 Feedback Isn't A Relic Of The Nineties\n\nApril 27, 2018 Alison Pate\n\nWhether or not you experienced it for yourself, the nineties were an era of acid-washed jeans, slouchy socks, and compact cassettes. Several professional publications related to HR and L&D have likened 360 assessments to other fads of the early nineties - best tucked away and forgotten. Compact cassettes will probably not be making a comeback anytime soon, but a quality 360 can help you understand how you see yourself and how others see you.\n\n\nNever Say Never in Science\n\nScientists typically shy aware from strong words such as 'never.' There's nowhere to go from never, after all. Saying never is akin to saying 'throw the baby out with the bathwater.' Using a term like never is potentially throwing out valuable information that may not be found once the ultimatum is issued.\n\nGoogle provides many examples of titles that state you should never use 360 feedback, or why such programs fail. Each author gives varying reasons for the doom and gloom of 360 assessments, but common criticisms include the bias of rater feedback, selection of raters, or that the data may be used for other means, outside of the intended scope.\n\nSeveral articles state that anonymous 360s are a problem, and their widespread use lets raters hide behind the veil of anonymity. Accordingly, anonymous assessments don't allow for 'face-to-face' conversation, so there aren't courageous conversations about performance. But, the idea that people should drop anonymous 360 feedback and go straight to a face-to-face format because they build trust, openness, discomfort, and vulnerability is naive.\n\nTrust Doesn't Magically Happen Overnight\n\nIt takes effort and time to have a culture of trust, openness, and vulnerability. Leaders must create the conditions where the trust required to jump into a courageous conversation is already present. That type of confidence takes some time to develop, and this is one of the biggest tests of leadership. It means that you as the leader will do as you say you will. You will show integrity and prove that you are worthy of trust.\n\nStatistics in recent years underscore why the trusting environment needed for candid and direct feedback is elusive.\n\n  • Only 36% of U.S. employees believe that their leaders act with integrity.\n\n  • 76% of employees admit they have observed illegal or unethical conduct at work.\n\n  • 77% of Americans lack confidence in their leaders.\n\nOnly a select few are fortunate enough to work in an environment where trust and openness are business as usual. As we move into the Imagination Age, successful companies will realise that trust and integrity are crucial. A quality 360 is a useful tool, no matter your work environment, and it can provide insights that help promote positive changes. \n\nThe i4 Neuroleader 360˚ Feedback Assessment measures competencies and includes inputs from clients, suppliers, family, and friends to provide meaningful data that will show how the person is developing at work, at home, and in the community. Individuals who are assessed may experience a new awareness of themselves, which can lead to career and even life-changing shifts.\n\n\nElon Musk\n\nAvoid Homegrown 360 Tools\n\nOne criticism of anonymous 360 assessments is the poor quality of the evaluations. If the tool in question is poorly researched, validated and constructed, it typically focuses on accomplishing tasks with a narrow focus and provides little meaningful information to the individual. \n\nAny person or organisation should carefully consider what criteria make up a 360 feedback assessment. It is important to invest the time and financial costs to deliver meaningful results to both the employee and the organisation.\n\nA quality assessment:\n\n  1. Is relevant to the 21st Century business climate and useful to the individual\n  2. Provides content and outcomes that could be applied throughout the organisation to develop the personal leadership qualities of every employee\n  3. Is strengths-focused and is customisable to fit the needs of individuals and teams\n  4. Helps reverse the 'trust' deficit in many businesses and set the stage for face-to-face feedback\n  5. 360 Assessments can still provide meaningful feedback (in the same way than a Fitbit band does and more!)\n\nDon't lose valuable information that could benefit both employees and the organisation as a whole. 360s aren't just relics from the past. The right assessment tool, which is aligned with the right business issues, should provide employees with personal benefit. A positive experience with tangible outcomes leads to improvements for the organisation.\n\nLeadership ability should not be taken for granted. It ebbs and flows by position, organisation, and life circumstance. It requires vigilance and discipline, and regular feedback to track how you are doing. The i4 Assessments can help you have a new understanding of how you are 'seen' by your peers, managers, and even those in your personal life.\n\n\n\nAlison Pate\n\nAlison Pate\n\nAlison Pate is an executive coach and mentor with over 25 years of global leadership experience. With specialist expertise in leadership development, team effectiveness and client service delivery, she has assisted major corporations in numerous industries to elevate their leadership teams and operations to exceptional standards.\n\nAlison uses her learned skills and holistic approach to increase self-awareness and enhance both performance and wellbeing to ensure that the desired behavioural change and transformation becomes intrinsic to her clients’ success as leaders.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9627416133880615}
{"content": "Why it is no longer enough just to be a web developer\n\nWhy it is no longer enough just to be a web developer\n\nWeb development trends come and go faster and faster. Keeping up with them is a challenge.\n\nWeb technologies are constantly changing. Faster internet connections, new devices or changed user behavior make trends emerge and fade away again. A Flash element on a website used to be the be-all and end-all of a good website, but today it only shows that the page has not been updated for a long time. Behind the virtual scenes, web developers are working on using the new technologies as innovatively as possible. Meanwhile, the way you implement web projects is changing. Where does web development stand today? And what are the upcoming trends? ESKA asked our top programmers whose projects always deliver the best quality, satisfying the customers, what it is like to be a programmer in 2021.\n\nCourage, opportunities, added value\n\nWhen asked how they think web development has changed in the last five years, many programmers refer to the increased quality. The industry has become very professional and best practices have emerged in many areas that lead to high quality on a much broader basis. As a result, innovation has withdrawn more to specific sub-aspects and often needs even more courage than before. Besides, today professionalism must be paired with innovation to stand out from the crowd. Our developers also mentioned that today’s programmers need more skills, specialists, and know-hows to shine in their careers today. They also mentioned that on the customer side, significantly more resources are needed than before, and everyone has to pay more attention to scientifically supported processes. Content is just as important as the packaging. Users are not prepared to spend long periods on a page if the content does not offer any added value.\n\nThe basics of good, sustainable work on the web have remained the same. But the web developers of 2021 are working with ever better freely available modules that can be used faster and can be built even better. In short: the open-source principle has prevailed. Our developers also added that the rise of China is also taking place in this area, referring to \"Vue.js\", which they describe as \"the defining front-end framework of these years\".\n\nCompetencies without limits\n\nWhat other trends are web developers currently facing? Our web developer mentions a marketing aspect, saying that the new main medium is the web, not other advertising media. Other trends are front-end design patterns, speech recognition and language assistance in the customer journey, conversational navigation, and always-on usability testing. Also, CMS systems with a focus on their core functions - so-called headless CMS are in trend for them. The headless CMS as SaaS has developed a maturity that makes them better alternatives in more and more cases. Besides, backends are increasingly appearing as APIs and are increasingly being implemented as microservices. So, we can say that we see a trend towards relocating demanding work to the build process, i.e. to do it before delivery to the browser. This can be used to effectively cushion increased complexity and demands. Business logic and rendering, on the other hand, are shifted to the browser. In general, more attention is paid not only to performance but also to accessibility.\n\nOur developers also wanted to add that they see trends in team and project work, saying that there is a shift from web development to product development. The collaboration takes place across previous team boundaries: developers work directly with designers, data analysts, and users to find the best possible product thinking which is increasingly user-centered, as UX is becoming more important. And of course, data protection is also a big topic, where the trend lies towards more transparency and user participation.\n\nIt's faster and requires more knowledge\n\nWith new trends, new challenges come to the developers. There are two main aspects of it. On the one hand, the speed of change is great: What is modern today may be out of date in one or two years. Recognizing trends early is accordingly important. On the other hand, the technical spectrum becomes bigger and the product development encompasses to be a better one. In addition to the various technology standards, know-how in related specialist areas is becoming increasingly important, for example in the area of SEO.\n\nOur web developers say that now in 2021, an unbelievably large amount of expertise is demanded from them. Today you are no longer just a simple yet professional web developer, but a React developer with a focus on data connectivity, or a UI developer with accessibility expertise or DevOps for cloud computing. The constantly increasing abundance of possibilities and specializations is not just a challenge for newbies. In this context, the most important challenge is and will remain further training. Not only in technology but also in methods, communication, and cooperation.\n\nMore than just writing code\n\nWhat does tomorrow's web development look like? Our programmers think that the gap between smartphone apps and web apps will close. The capabilities of the devices will be transferred to the web faster and more consistently. NFC will be accessible to web apps for payments, voice control anyway, AR and VR.\n\nIn the front-end area soon, we will see many interesting approaches in the area of web components and CSS/Houdini. In the nearest future, we will also rely more heavily on complex stacks. We will not only increase AI approaches in web developments, but deep learning will also increase support for ourselves, be it with code inspection and generation, but also with testing and automated audits. The teams will be even more multidisciplinary, especially with large projects, while smaller ones will focus on mature environments. Our developers also said that WebGL is increasingly being used for visual experiences, and custom shaders are being used more and more as well. \n\nOur programmer’s team members believe that the new possibilities will further increase the complexity. They say that seeing the trends, various inputs such as voice, facial expressions, and gestures will play an increasingly important role. Besides, personalized and individualized content, as well as the correct display of messages, will be intensified. The optimal placement in the ecosystem with overarching stakeholders will inevitably develop even more and trigger a dynamic that the complexity increases even further. It is not only important to think interdisciplinary, but also to work in cross-functional teams. Due to the highly competitive talent market, you also have to be able to work with a geographically dispersed team in which individual members work remotely. Ultimately, the inclusion of customers and other stakeholders is even more important.\n\nMany changes in web development are happening at the technology level. Our small survey conveyed from ESKA’s web developers shows how individuals can specialize in a variety of subject areas. At the same time, it is becoming more important to broaden your skills and to go beyond the limits of programming. To sum it up in one sentence we will say again, that web development today already means much more than just writing code.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8983247876167297}
{"content": "Home Explore newfile\nView in Fullscreen\n\n\nPublished by ZAPT DESIGN E-BOOK SERVICES, 2017-12-24 03:32:55\n\nDescription: newfile\n\nRead the Text Version\n\nNo Text Content!\n\nwww.pwc.inArtificial Intelligenceand Robotics – 2017Leveraging artificialintelligence and roboticsfor sustainable growthMarch 2017\n\nMessage from PwC The global scientific community has come a long way since the development of artificial intelligence (AI) as a concept to its modern-day appeal as a field with near-limitless potential in turning around the way activities are performed in a functioning society. The ultimate frontier for AI systems continues to be achieving a level of sophistication that matches that of the human mind. Researchers and commercial entities are harnessing ways in which AI solutions can make use of the massive data footprint being generated in the process of daily activities through smart technologies such as personal digital assistants, location trackers, sensors, imaging devices and social media feeds.Sudipta Ghosh India has seen a subtle percolation of AI and machine learning into the daily lives of citizens to thePartner and Leader, extent that the conveniences resulting from their use have become part of our daily reality—forData and Analytics, example, customised interactions through a handheld device OS based on user behaviour, app-based cabPwC aggregators, social media recommendations—and no longer seem out of the ordinary. While end users may not be aware that they are using a form of AI, organisations catering to them are identifying different uses of AI to ease delivery of service to end users. There is a lot of optimism around some of the landmark initiatives in motion, such as Make in India, Skill India, Digital India. At this juncture, it is imperative to gain an insight into the possible implications of AI systems across different application domains. This is also the best time to moderate the same within the purview of a robust policy framework that serves the dual objectives of technological advancement on the one hand and ethical compliance and social inclusion on the other. In an ever-evolving and learning AI environment, creating a landscape for institutionalising AI innovation is the need of the hour. This requires close collaboration between academia, the private sector and publicIndranil Mitra, PhD sector in order to understand problems holistically and solve them.Director, India is already on the path of a digital revolution and the next step is utilising the big data generatedData and Analytics, to take intelligent decisions. Since the effectiveness of AI, machine learning, robotics and cognitivePwC automation increases in direct proportion to a rise in the quality and quantity of training data that the systems are exposed to, the conditions are ripe for India to emerge as a leader in AI. Through this knowledge paper, we have tried to examine the areas across private and public industries where the AI continuum (augmented, assisted and autonomous intelligence) could be applicable, as well as a robust AI policy framework that needs to touch upon the social, economic and ethical considerations of a well-governed society. These efforts will foster a balanced environment in India for innovation and leadership in AI.\n\nMessage from ASSOCHAM Since the invention of computers or machines, their capability to perform various tasks has grown exponentially. Humans have developed computer systems by improving their power in terms of diverse working domains, increasing their speed and reducing their size over time. AI-based applications today have already touched people’s lives in many ways. From the intelligent keyboards on smartphones to the voice-activated assistants in tablets and desktops and the devices in a person’s immediate personal space—technology has become far more intelligent than it used to be or is perceived to be. Be it financial services, healthcare, education or even security and governance, AI can be exploited for the benefit of citizens and the country. AI-based automation is capable of impacting almostD. S. Rawat every sector of the economy.Secretary General,ASSOCHAM ASSOCHAM believes that national initiatives like Make in India, Skill India and Digital India will immensely benefit from AI technology and suggests that the government should take both long-term and short-term policy initiatives to promote AI in the country. To understand the impact of AI on various sectors and the various policy initiatives required, ASSOCHAM has organised this conference on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017. ASSOCHAM is committed to creating more awareness about the subject and this background paper, jointly prepared by PwC and ASSOCHAM, is a step in that direction. We congratulate the team on their efforts and convey our very best wishes for the success of the conference.\n\n4 PwC\n\nTable of contents1. Artificial intelligence (AI)....................................................7 1.1. What is AI?................................................................................. 7 1.2. A brief history of AI.................................................................... 92. AI in India..........................................................................11 2.1. AI initiatives underway in India............................................... 11 2.1.1. Private sector......................................................................... 11 2.1.2. Government and public sector............................................... 11 2.2. Challenges and implications.................................................... 12 2.3. AI in governance...................................................................... 133. Global policy initiatives.....................................................15 3.1. Policy initiatives undertaken globally...................................... 15 3.2. Key areas for policy planning................................................... 154. Impact of initiatives around AI adoption...........................21 4.1. Potential impact of AI on industries and organisations............ 21 4.2. Socio-economic implications................................................... 25 4.2.1. Tackling concerns related to loss of jobs................................. 27 4.3. Economic returns from AI usage.............................................. 28 4.3.1. Commercial hurdles for private firms and investors............... 28 4.4. Ethical considerations.............................................................. 295. Looking ahead...................................................................316. Bibliography......................................................................33 Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 5\n\n6 PwC\n\n1. Artificial intelligence (AI)1.1 What is AI? Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of makingArtificial intelligence refers to the ability intelligent machines, especiallyof a computer or a computer-enabled intelligent computer programs.robotic system to process information and - John McCarthy, father of AIproduce outcomes in a manner similarto the thought process of humans inlearning, decision making and solvingproblems. By extension, the goal of AIsystems is to develop systems capable oftacking complex problems in ways similarto human logic and reasoning. Artificial intelligence system Learns from Uses the Recognises Solves Understands Creates experience learning images complex language perspectives to reason problemsSource: PwC analysis and its nuances Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 7\n\nThe AI Assisted intelligencecontinuum Humans and machines learn from each other and redefine the breadth and depth of what they do together. Under these circumstances, the human and the machine share the decision rights. Augmented intelligence Enhancing human ability to do the same tasks faster or better. Humans still make some of the key decisions, but AI executes the tasks on their behalf. The decision rights are solely with humans. Autonomous intelligence Adaptive/continuous systems that take over decision making in some cases. But they will do so only after the human decision maker starts trusting the machine or becomes a liability for fast transactions. In this type of intelligence, the decision rights are with the machine and hence it is fundamentally different from assisted intelligence.Highly complexuse cases Complexity of use Autonomous intelligence Adaptive/continuous systems take over decision making and execution. Augmented intelligence Assisted intelligence AI augments human ability to Humans and machines learn perform tasks faster or with from each other and share more precision. Decisions are decision rights. solely made by humans. Less complex Decision-making right use cases AI makes Humans make decisions decisionsSource: PwC analysis8 PwC\n\n1.2 A brief history of AIHaving originated as a concept asearly as the 1950s, AI research andapplication has come a long way duringthe 1980s–2000s and up to the currentday. An indicative timeline, along withdominant research areas in the AI spaceduring each period, is as follows: Evolution of AI Conference at Predator UAV Apple DeepMind Facebook Dartmouth used by US introduces team uses detects faces organised by DoD in war Siri, MS deep learning and shares John introduces algorithms to photos with McCarthy and Cortana, and create a friends to the field is Amazon program that whom those named AI introduces wins Atari photos belong Alexa games1950 1980 2000 2010 Paper about the World chess IBM Watson AI start-up Google self-driving possibility of champion Gary defeats ‘Vicarious’ cars cross the machines with Kasparov Jeopardy passes first 1-million mile mark true intelligence defeated by IBM’s game show Turing test: autonomously published by Alan Deep Blue champions CAPTCHA Turing 1980–2000: Military and 2005 onwards: Large tech companies 1950–1970: AI as a academia begin to show invest in commercial applications of concept; no real application interest in AI AI/machine learning ML AI is currently on the crest of its third wave and given the immense interest in this field, it can be expected to continue at this state for a long time.Source: PwC analysis Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 9\n\n10 PwC\n\n2. AI in India2.1 AI initiatives underway in IndiaAdvances in AI have garnered extensive production of consumer goods andinterest from the private and public other labour-intensive activities fromsectors, with the field now being seen which human potential can be freedas a potential disruptor in the mass for higher endeavours.2.1.1 Private sectorAI has subtly made inroads into the daily firms. Indian start-ups are workinglives of Indian citizens in the form of across a plethora of AI problems—app-based cab aggregators and digital identifying patterns in objects, people,assistants on smartphones. The interest style and preferences to advice on retailcan be gauged from the fact that leading shopping; building conversationalIT service outsourcing companies have services and using them over socialbegun thinking, talking and (a few) media apps and for online shopping;launching AI platforms. But these are developing better diagnostic services;just small steps towards achieving the bringing in cognition in robotic processultimate goal of AI—namely replacing automation; helping in cross-channelhuman intelligence. The systems being discovery of preferences and workingdeveloped, as of now, are perfecting the in multiple languages. These are just aprocess of increasing the efficiency of few of the areas that Indian start-ups aresolving a repetitive problem. This will working on.eventually lead to solutions to ever- Commercial applications of AI are hugechanging problems. and Indian start-ups are beginning toIn contrast, the start-up sector is able to identify them and tap into the market,directly attack these problems as it does which is still nascent.not carry the baggage of IT outsourcing2.1.2 Government and public sectorPublic policy in India on the application concerning driverless vehicles, Indiaof AI has thus far lagged when compared still lags behind. Instead of waitingto AI’s subtle usage by start-ups who for technology to reach a level wherehave so seamlessly blended AI into the regulatory intervention becomesservices provided to customers. necessary, India could be a frontrunnerIf we look at the applications that by establishing a legal infrastructurewe use/have used at some point of in advance. Alternatively, early publictime (e-commerce platforms, chat sector interest in AI could trigger a spurtservices, social media services and of activity in the AI field in India.so on), they have all been employing The main dichotomy that theAI in some form and at some level of regulations will have to deal with relatesmaturity or the other. Though India to who will be liable for the activitiesis making rapid progress in terms of of AI systems. These systems aretechnology, companies and researchers designed to be creative and to continueare yet to utilise the full potential learning from the data analysed. Hence,of AI. While the USA is currently in designers may not be able to understandthe process of implementing laws how the system will work in the future. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 11\n\nAlso, the role of an AI system, as in the The digital movement in India hascase of a driverless car, could be to assist created data which is readablethe user. In such a situation, deciding by machines. At the same time,liability for what the AI system has done technologies have also reached a levelwill be difficult. Therefore, this issue of maturity where they can think likeneeds to be discussed and delved into humans in real time and, at times, indeeply before arriving at any conclusion. a cost-effective way. Thus, they are suitable for use in governance.2.2 Challenges and implicationsCompared to the West and frontrunnersof AI adoption in Asia, such asChina and Korea, the culture andinfrastructure needed to develop a basefor the adoption of AI in mainstreamapplications in India is in need of animpetus. Some prerequisites for an AI-supportive cultural environment includebut are not limited to:Homegrown infrastructureIndian academics, researchers andentrepreneurs face a more acutechallenge than corporates do in termsof the less than ideal infrastructureavailable for an AI revolution in India.For example, cloud computinginfrastructure, which is capable ofstoring large amounts of data andfacilitating the huge amount ofcomputing power essential for AIapplications, is largely located onservers abroad.An ecosystem fostering innovationFostering a culture of innovation and The European Union’s Human Brain Projectresearch beyond the organisation envisages spending 1 billion euros on AI researchare common to global technology over the decade.giants. To encourage the same levelof innovation in AI research efforts in Source: ‘India and the artificial intelligenceIndia, initiatives to hold events and build revolution’, S. S. Vempati, Carnegie Indiauser communities in the field of AI willgo a long way. Examples from aroundthe globe include the Defense AdvancedResearch Projects Agency’s (DARPA)Cyber Grand Challenge which attracts alarge share of AI research funding in theUS, the European Union’s technologyfunding programme, FP7, and theBRAIN initiative, a 10-year, multi-billiondollar funding initiative for AI researchin the US.12 PwC\n\n2.3 AI in governanceDeep learning, a part of AI, can be Further, AI can be applied to the Prime and a large workforce skilled in areasemployed to tackle issues of scale Minister’s initiatives such as the Digital growing beyond the need for manualoften prevalent in the execution of India Initiative, Skill India and Make in intervention only.government schemes. It is essentially India with varying effects. The range AI can also be consumed in traditionala process that can be used for pattern of application for AI techniques in such industries like agriculture. Therecognition, image analysis and large-scale public endeavours could Department of Agriculture Cooperationnatural language processing (NLP) by range from crop insurance schemes, and Farmers Welfare, Ministry ofmodelling high-level abstractions in tax fraud detection, and detecting Agriculture runs the Kisan Call Centersdata which can then be compared with subsidy leakage and defence and across the country to respond to issuesvarious other recognised contents in security strategy. raised by farmers instantly and ina conceptual way rather than using The Make in India and Skill India their local language. An AI system willjust a rule-based method. Take for initiatives can be heavily augmented help assist the call centre by linkinginstance the Clean India Initiative as well as disrupted by AI adoption various available information. Fordirected towards the construction of in the short term. While the former example, it could pick up soil reportstoilets in rural India. Public servants is aimed at building the nation-wide from government agencies and linkare tasked with uploading images of capabilities required to make India them to the environmental conditionsthese toilet constructions to a central a self-sustaining hub of innovation, prevalent over the years using data fromserver for sampling and assessment. design, production and export, a remote sensing satellite. It could thenImage processing AI can be used to the latter seeks to aggressively build provide advice on the omtimal cropflag photographs that do not resemble and enhance human capital. that can be sown in that land pocket.completely built toilets. However, the point to consider here This information could also be used toImage recognition capabilities can also is that if investments are made in the determine the crop’s susceptibility tobe used to identify whether the same two initiatives without due cognisance pests. Necessary pre-emptive measuresofficial appears in multiple images or if of how Industry 4.0 (the next can then be taken—for instance,photos have been uploaded by officials industrial revolution driven by robotic supplying the required pesticides to thatfrom a location other than the intended automation) may evolve with respect land pocket as well as notifying farmerssite. Considering the scale of this to demand for workforce size and skill about the risk. With a high level ofinitiative, which involves creating more sets, there is a possibility of ending up connectivity, this is a feasible and readyfunctional toilets, being able to check with capital-intensive infrastructures to deploy solution which uses AI as anevery image rather than a small sample and assets that fall short of being augmentation to the system.will actually help increase effectiveness. optimised for automated operations Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 13\n\n14 PwC\n\n3. Global policy initiatives3.1 Policy initiatives undertaken globallySome of the key policy initiatives undertaken in countries around the world area are as follows:United StatesIn the National AI R&D Strategic Plan, More specifically, the plan calls for AI will find application in a broaderthe United States government has laid greater focus on broad ‘general AI’ in range of cognitive domains, includingstress on channelling investments to place of ‘narrow AI’ that traditionally learning, language, perception,drive discovery and insight in the field of aims at specific tasks: for example, reasoning, creativity and planning.AI and ML. moving from speech recognition to video recognition and translation. GeneralSouth Korea South Korea has announced $840 Million Public-Private Partnership spanning sixThe government of South Korea corporations to drive AI research.(Ministry of Science, ICT and FuturePlanning) has been investing in Source: ‘India and the artificial intelligenceExoBrain from 2013. ExoBrain is a revolution’, S. S. Vempati, Carnegie Indialanguage analysis and self-learningsystem with the capacity to store largevolumes of data for learning andsubsequent analysis. The investmentof around 83 million EUR will last for10 years.China A study by Japan’s National Institute of Science and Technology Policy found ChinaInternet giants in China are increasingly to be a close second to the U.S. in terms offocusing on AI research, with domestic the number of AI studies presented at topventure capital funding being directed academic conferences.towards this field. Many private playersare fast rising in AI research capabilities, Source: ‘In 2017, China is doubling downsome of whom have their own AI on AI’, Jamie Condliffe, MIT Technologyresearch labs. ReviewS. S. Vempati, Carnegie India Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 15\n\n3.2 Key areas for policy planningSecuring long-term investment in AI researchWhile incremental research with • Hardware improvement to supportpredictable outcomes is an important innovation: AI system performanceongoing activity in the AI research is hardware dependent; hence,space, long-term investments in high- advances in hardware can alsorisk areas have the potential to lead to improve data-intensive AI methods.high-reward payoffs.Investments in AI research should bedirected keeping in mind multipleaspects that come together to deliver acommercial or social field of application.These include advancements in:• Methodologies for knowledge discovery: Many open research questions in AI centre around the creation and use of data, its veracity and appropriateness. Further research is required to improve the data cleaning techniques by discovering inconsistencies and anomalies.• Research on broader and multi- purpose AI: The long-term objective of AI is to create systems that demonstrate the adaptability of human intelligence across different domains. This will enable AI systems to transfer knowledge from one domain to another and interactively learn from humans.• AI system scalability: Networks of AI systems including humans may coordinate to perform tasks not possible with a single AI system. The use of multi-AI systems creates research challenges in terms of scalability. Future research must focus on techniques for planning, control, and collaboration of multiple AI systems and humans.• Improved reliability of AI systems: Robotics shows promise in complementing, augmenting, enhancing and emulating human intelligence, which calls for research efforts to make them more capable, reliable and easy to use.16 PwC\n\nDriving human–AI collaborative applicationsThe goal of setting up AI systems Broadly, human–AI partnerships can • AI performs in place of humans—that operate with varying degrees assume any of the following forms: ideally, in environments that areof autonomy is to ensure that they • AI performs alongside humans in potentially harmful to humans ormajorly augment and enhance human require a superhuman reaction timeproductivity rather than replace it a supportive mode, facilitating (e.g. toxic environments and rapidaltogether. According to PwC’s Big human judgment by providing system response in nuclear reactors).Decisions Survey,1 organisations are resources such as predictive outputs.increasingly seeking to improve the • AI performs activities that gospeed of decision making and the level beyond the cognitive abilities ofof sophistication by factoring in a larger humans—in applications where it isset of parameters with greater precision physically or cognitively impossibleand exactness in decision outcomes than for a human to perform precisehuman intuition can support. analysis (e.g. large-scale genomeFor many operational and strategic study in bioinformatics).decisions, the aid of AI systems inprocessing massive volumes of dataand drawing upon sophisticatedconclusions can bring organisationscloser to the levels of decision-makingresponsiveness needed to survive inuncertain economic environments.The extent to which AI can assistand augment human productivitydepends on the role division betweenhumans and AI and the nature of theirinteractions.Ethical, legal and social implications of AI solutionsTo reap the societal benefits of AIsystems, we would need to be ableto trust them and ensure that theycomply with an ethical, moral andsocial framework analogous to thatfor humans. Research efforts mustbe concentrated on implementingregulations in AI system design that areupdated on a continual basis to respondappropriately to different applicationfields and actual situations. In industries such as finance and healthcare, relevant professional ethical principles are encoded and practiced by professionals; these could form the core of AI ethics.1. PwC. (2016). PwC’s Global Data and Analytics Survey 2016. Retrieved from http://www.pwc.com/us/en/advisory-services/data- possibilities/big-decision-survey.html (last accessed on 1 March 2017) Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 17\n\nEnsuring safety and security of AI systemsA safe and secure AI system is onethat acts in a controlled and well-understood manner. The designphilosophy must be such that itensures security against externalattacks, anomalies and cyberattacks. ‘Adversarial machine learning’ is key area the NITRD cybersecurity R&D strategic plan, that evaluates the extent to which AI systems can be contaminated by training data, modified algorithms, etc. Source: ‘The National AI R&D Strategic Plan (Oct 2016)’, National Science and Technology Council, USAEnabling environment and resources for AI trainingPolicy initiatives should explicitlytouch upon building an incubatoryenvironment for AI-based research andtraining. This includes making effectivetraining data sets from various portalsavailable to academicians and thepublic at large (e.g. Open GovernmentData Platform, India). Eventually, thecomplexity and sophistication of AIsystems in delivering outputs will be afactor of the quality of training data fedinto the system. Open software libraries,toolkits and development tools with low-cost code repositories and developmentlanguages such as R & Python arelowering the barriers to the use andextension of AI systems. The IMPACT (Information Marketplace for Policy and Analysis of Cyber-risk & Trust) program (US) supports cyber-security risk research through real world data sharing capabilities in the international R&D community. Source: ‘The National AI R&D Strategic Plan (Oct 2016)’, National Science and Technology Council, USANational Science and Technology Council, USA18 PwC\n\nDefining evaluation standards for tracking progressThe national policy must clearly definestandards and benchmarks that can beeffectively used to gauge progress in AIinnovation and commercialisation in ahost of application domains. By nature,the AI space is an uncertain one withno direct traceability of returns frominvestment in innovation and capabilitybuilding. This makes it all the moreimportant for intermediate tangibleprogress to be measured against settargets from time to time. An example of an AI standard developed is P1872-2015 (Standard Ontologies for Robotics and Automation) developed by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for a systematic and standardized representation of knowledge for transfer between humans and AI. Source: ‘The National AI R&D Strategic Plan (Oct 2016)’ - National Science and Technology Council, USAScience and Technology Council, USAPlanning for future skill demands and readiness of workforceA strong presence in AI R&D is aprerequisite for a nation to gain alead in an automation-driven future.For this, the national policy needs totake accurate stock of current andfuture demand for AI experts. Buildingexpertise, on the other hand, willrequire governments to evaluate thecurrent educational pathways andcurricula and, if required, overhaulthe same to provide skill upgradationinitiatives for a workforce that seeksto stay relevant in a fast-evolvingtechnology landscape. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 19\n\n20 PwC\n\n4. Impact of initiatives around AI adoption4.1. Potential impact of AI on industries and organisationsData science is driving the AI market, Focus areas of AI in organisationswith organisations looking to leverageAI capabilities for predictive modelling. Speech Recognition Natural Language ProcessingThe map below shows the top focus Direct & Email Marketingareas organisations are trying to makeinroads into by building up their AI and Social Media AnalysisML capabilities. Marketing Automation Entertainment HospitalityAdvertisingReCtalinilical Trials & Drug Discovery RecruitingArea % focus of AI Computer Vision Health Plans & Patient CareData science 9.6% Aerospace & DefenseBusiness intelligence 7.8% Business IntelligenceHealth plans and patient care 6.3% HR Insurance BenefitsComputer vision 5.6%Speech recognition 5.3% Utilities Financial Risk ManagementAerospace and defence 5.3% Cyber SecurityNatural language processing 5.1% Data ScienceEntertainment 4.8%Product manufacturing The above-mentioned improvements can lead to increased productivity andAI augmented manufacturing quality, lower costs and a more robustoperations can employ more reliable health and safety framework.demand forecasting, a flexible andresponsive supply chain, quickerchanges in operations, and moreaccurate scheduling and inventoryoptimisation. Other benefits involvecreation of smarter, quicker andenvironmentally sound processes.Defence and securityThe application of AI in the field of The ‘security games framework’ isdefence and security includes protection based on computational game theory,of infrastructure such as airports, combined with elements of humanpower plants and economic sectors that behaviour modelling. Given the limitedare vulnerable to attacks, detecting security resources and different high-anomalous behaviour in individuals, and value targets, game-based decisionsusing distributed sensors and pattern provide a randomised collection orrecognition to predict infrastructure patrolling schedule based on weightsdisruptions through natural/man-made of targets and intelligent reactions ofcauses. adversaries to security postures. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 21\n\nDisaster management and recoveryAI shows remarkable potential inaiding control and remedial actionsin the aftermath of environmentaland man-made disasters. It can assistin optimising mobile networks andsmart bandwidth allocation to ensurenetwork service continuity in the midstof catastrophic events that are usuallyfollowed by a spike in communicationand jammed networks.Unmanned drones and satellite feedscombined with image processing andrecognition can be used in infrastructuredamage assessments and predictionsbased on structural stability andtraffic congestion avoidance throughadaptive routing while equipping anddeploying disaster management teams.Opportunities for AI intervention alsoreside in processing social media feedsto gauge location-specific urgency andsend targeted alerts to minimise loss oflife and property.Logistics can be transported more efficiently through vision-based driver assist andA key area of AI intervention in automated/robotic systems. This haslogistical operations involves adaptive made transportation less susceptible toscheduling of deliveries and routing disruptions caused by weather, trafficof vehicles. Advanced logistics and and unnatural events.supply chains are being created usingexpert decision systems. ProductsFinancial services intent in financial systems, such as market manipulation, fraud, anomalousSome of the major areas of application trading and reduction in marketof AI in the banking and financial volatility and trading costs.services sector include early detectionof financial risk and systemic failures,and automation to reduce maliciousTravel and transportationAI can improve the efficiency asset management that can payof operations in the travel and dividends in terms of reduced cost oftransportation sector by bringing repairs and reconstruction and real-timeimproved safety through structural route information, thereby reducinghealth monitoring and infrastructure energy usage and emissions.Agriculture provide site-specific and timely data about crops to enable application ofAgriculture is another sector that can appropriate inputs such as fertilisersgreatly benefit from intelligent solutions and chemicals.by using smarter production, processing,storage, distribution and consumptionmechanisms. AI solutions can also help22 PwC\n\nConsumer goods and servicesConsumer goods and services was one ofthe initial areas of AI adoption in Indiaand currently accounts for a significantshare of private sector application.To enable consumers to find betterproducts at low prices, machine learningalgorithms are being deployed for bettermatching of supply with consumerdemand. Online shopping portals have extensively been using predictive capabilities to gauge consumer interest in products by building a targeted understanding of preferences through collection of browsing and click-stream data, and effectively targeting and engaging customers using a multichannel approach.Communication and social mediaIn India’s multilingual and multiculturalsociety NLP and translation canbe a potentially valuable field forthe application of machine learningcapabilities. Efficient usage ofbandwidth and storage, improvedfiltering, web searches and languagetranslation are some of the benefitsof employing AI systems in thecommunication and social media sector. A few Indian startups are initiating development of conversational bots, speech recognition tools, intelligent digital assistants and conversational services to be built over social media channels.Science and technologyAI can enhance scientific research andexperimentation by assisting scientistsand engineers in reading publicationsand patents, generating hypothesesand testing them through the usage ofrobotic systems. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 23\n\nEducation means of adaptive tutoring based on the receptiveness of students andLarge parts of the country experience accurate gauging of development ofa dearth of academicians and teachers students complemented by in-personwhen it comes to making education classroom learning.effective for students across a gradientof social and cognitive abilities. AIsolutions can meaningfully intervene byMedicine and healthcareEvidence-based treatment and launched drugs, providing decisionmedication require a level of precision support for medical assessmentsthat helps patients develop confidence and prescriptions and tailoring drugand trust in their doctors—an area administration to the individual patient.where mere manual experience and AI for computational pathology: Thejudgment may be supplemented with AI. 2016 CAMELYON Grand Challenge forWith the vast volume of information- metastatic cancer detection found aprocessing capabilities required for 7.5% error rate for AI systems, a 3.5%fields such as bioinformatics, using error rate for physicians and a 0.5%AI-based algorithms and solutions is error rate for physicians augmentedinevitable. AI application in healthcare, by AI. This demonstrates the potentialmedicine and biotechnology includes for collaboration between medicalsupporting systems to identify genetic professionals and AI solutions.2risks from large-scale genomic studies,predicting safety and efficacy of newlyLaw and orderSome of the areas where AI can improvelegal processes include improveddiscovery and analysis based on lawcase history and formulation of legalarguments based on identification ofrelevant evidence.Researchers and paralegals are increasingly being replaced by systems that can extractfacts and conclusions from over a billion text documents a second. This has the potentialto save lawyers around 30% of their time.Source: PwC analysisAudit services reads and understands key points in the documents. Machine-learningCognitive technologies are being technology makes it possible to train thedeployed by firms to largely automate system on a set of sample documents sothe task of going through stacks of that it learns how to identify and extractdocuments to identify key terms, which information in an automated manner.has until now been a time-consumingmanual process. NLP technology2. Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Subcommittee. (2016). The National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan. National Science and Technology Council, USA24 PwC\n\n4.2. Socio-economic implicationsProjected shrink in the middle-skill job market,resulting in the upskilling of the workforceAI-driven automation raises the mostcommonly foreseen pitfall in society—the potential mass obsolescence ofmanual labour in the middle-skill order,such as factory workers and technicians.This also brings in the opportunity ofupskilling the population so that otherprevalent problems can be solved.China is expected to have installed more industrial robots than any other country—30 robots per 10,000 workers. A few thousand workers have already been replacedby a robotic workforce in a single factory.Source: ‘India and the artificial intelligence revolution’, S. S. Vempati, Carnegie IndiaMake in India, one of the Prime The key point here is that with robotic and adjusting machine algorithms toMinister’s flagship programmes, automation, the Make in India initiative enable AI systems to operate in a reliablefocuses on the twin goals of may not end up creating nearly as and transparent manner.strengthening India’s in-house many jobs as it is poised to at this It has also been argued that automationinnovation and production capabilities point in time. of repetitive jobs will create more timewith added creation of jobs for the On a positive note, a scenario wherein and opportunities for citizens to pursuemiddle-skilled strata of the workforce. low-skilled, repeatable labour can be creative endeavours such as the arts,The former goal of the programme is assigned to robotic systems provides an scientific innovation and personal goals,likely to be facilitated by large-scale AI incentive for part of the workforce to leading to a society diverse in skillsadoption, with difficulties to be faced in be trained in higher level skills such as and achievements.meeting its latter goal. designing, monitoring and oversight,Balanced distribution of AI research talentUniversities struggle to retain AI talent,especially academicians studying therapidly growing and in-demand field ofML, with talented individuals gettingconcentrated in a few organisations.This might lead to AI research prioritiesgetting narrowed down to a fewventures focusing on the ‘now’ ratherthan the long-term potential across abroader range of applications. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 25\n\nFlexible and ongoing skill-building initiativesThe current sequential approach to skillbuilding through a person’s formativeacademic years may face obsolescencein a society with rapid de-skilling of jobsthrough robotic automation. Instead,a system that addresses the followingrequirements will likely better serve tosustain a whole socio-economic strata ofthe workforce:• Educate for the future: Academic policy formulation and dissipation of knowledge should migrate from the traditional curriculum to a more specific one tailored to emerging industry demands.• Facilitate reskilling and lifelong learning: Moving on from a formal education, which accounts for the initial years of an individual, policymaking must take into account the pace with which skills move in and out of demand and lay down a framework for easing transition to alternative skill sets and careers in the event of automation.26 PwC\n\n4.2.1. Tackling concerns related to loss of jobsIn light of technology advances, certain shift. According to Oxford University mathematical technicians, insurancesectors are expected to experience a researchers Carl Frey and Michael underwriters, watch repairers, cargoshrinkage of employment demand as Osborne,3 based on 702 occupational agents, tax preparers, etc.robotic systems and ML algorithms take groupings, the following types of Some short- and long-term policyup several tasks. It can be expected that workers have a very high probability initiatives to cushion the impact ofIT, manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, of being replaced by automation: job losses stemming from AI-drivenetc., will experience such a demand telemarketers, hand sewers, automation are discussed below.Provide universal benefits outside employment structuresIf a large number of people end upunemployed for extended periods oftime, there needs to be a way to providehealthcare, disability and pensionbenefits outside employment.Guarantee minimum income to sustain householdsIn the event of continuous Proposals must be structured inunemployment or underemployment, a way so as to maintain a balancegovernment schemes to provide a between benefits and incentives forminimum level of income to each citizen engagement—for example,to guarantee basic needs are necessary by involving the unemployed into keep them out of destitution. social and community initiatives.Create skill re-training accounts for employeesIn an era of fast technology changes, can contribute a set amount to anemployees need an enabling individual’s fund which can then beenvironment to transition into and transferred as the individual switchesout of jobs. Emerging jobs will require jobs. The goal of such an initiative willskills different from what people be to incentivise lifelong educationlearn through academics. Companies and up-skilling.Engage in socially beneficial volunteering activitiesIf people have limited employment can simultaneously ensure an engagedoptions, they can participate in a wide population and drive sociallyrange of volunteer activities undertaken beneficial goals.by social-minded organisations. ThisDevelop a non-sequential education systemThe traditional academic curriculum deskilling of jobs and where skills gainis not well equipped to cater to and lose value within a few years.technological advancements. The What is required is a continuous skillsequential system of education and work improvement system that does notis outdated in an economic environment depend on the sequence of the skillsthat is heavy on automation and imparted to young minds.3. Frey, C. B. & Osborne, M. A. (2013). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Retrieved from http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf (last accessed on 28 Febraury2017) Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 27\n\n4.3. Economic returns from AI usage‘Global economic impacts associated insurance claims, which, as theywith artificial intelligence’—a study predicted, would save the insurerfunded by one of the technology giants millions of dollars a year.and conducted by Nicholas Chen, Customers of AI solutions wantLau Christensen, Kevin Gallagher, economic outcomes throughRosamond Mate and Greg Rafert of demonstrable efficiency gains andthe Analysis Group4 —estimated the margin improvements. Accordingly,potential economic outcome of AI using the next generation of appliedprior technological advancements such artificial intelligence as a serviceas IT investment, broadband Internet, (A-AIaaS) companies are expected tomobile phones and, more recently, offer integrated solutions for specificindustrial robotics. The conclusion, use cases on a purely operationalusing reasonable benchmarks, pegs the expenditure (OPEX) model. Forcumulative economic impact of AI to customers, it translates to a directbe between 1.49 trillion USD and 2.95 positive impact on operating marginstrillion USD through 2025. and bottom lines. For example, moreIn one case, AI intervention helped than 500 companies have deals to useprevent significant insurance pay-out IBM Watson to develop commercialleakages. An AI company helped an products and services.insurer identify fraudulent vehicle4.3.1. Commercial hurdles for private firms and investorsWhile AI adoption offers several growth Longer sales cycle: AI systems areopportunities, it also poses a host of relatively novel to the potential usercommercial and financial challenges base who who are likely a longerthat AI operators, investors and time to envisage the benefits from AIpolicymakers need to consider. immediately. This understanding needsBalancing research innovation with to drive sales planning and lead tocommercialisation potential: There generation of conversion cycle planning.is a significant upfront investment to be The above challenges have importantmade before an AI product is considered implications for potential investors incommercially viable. Any solution AI research and commercial start-ups.coming out of this space will be subject The visibility on investment break-evento benchmarking against comparable periods can be wildly uncertain in themanual performance and that of legacy AI space. A robust milestone-basedsystems in place. It is only when AI progress tracking approach to tracksystems can significantly outperform and justify the efficacy of investedthe above that a business case for their capital is needed—it could rangeadoption can be established. from publications, establishing userEngineering considerations: Early communities to creating a recurringinto product design, engineering and source of revenue. A defined set ofproduction specifics such as material milestones needs to be met beforerequirements, capacity planning, attempting to raise the next roundinfrastructure requirements and costs of capital.should be kept in focus so as to avoidroadblocks in actually implementingand scaling up at a later date.4. Chen, N., Christensen, L., Gallagher, K., Mate, R., & Rafert, G. (2016). Global economic impacts associated with artificial intelligence. Boston: Analysis Group Study.28 PwC\n\n4.4. Ethical considerationsOne of the major concerns in any based on demographics to arrive at theconversation involving AI is the topic probability to commit crimes or defaultof ethical, legal and societal norms. on financial obligations. AI systemAI research needs to base itself on a actions should therefore be transparentsound understanding of the various and easily understandable by humans.implications of any innovation and Deep learning algorithms that areensure alignment with rules and norms. opaque to users could create hurdlesCommon concerns are the breach in domains such as healthcare, whereof privacy that might arise from an diagnosis and treatment need to beenvironment where hackers can exploit backed by a solid chain of reasoningAI solutions to collect private and to buy into patient trust. Trustworthysensitive information. AI systems are built around theA bigger threat is the misuse of ML following tenets:algorithms by hackers to develop • Transparencyautonomous techniques thatjeopardise the security and safety (operations visible to user)of vital information. • CredibilityThere is a need to define what‘acceptable behaviour’ for an AI system (outcomes are acceptable)translates to in its respective application • Auditability (efficiency can bedomain. This should ideally drive designconsiderations, engineering techniques easily measured)and reliability. Due diligence in ensuring • Reliability (AI systems performthat AI technologies perform in an easyto understand manner and the outcome as intended)from their applications is in line with • Recoverability (manual controlthe perception of fairness, equality andlocal cultural norms to ensure broad can be assumed if required)societal acceptance. Owing to their vague and contextualAI development will hence need interpretation, ethical standards pose ainvolvement of experts from multi- challenge while being encoded into AIdisciplinary fields such as computer systems. Some architectural frameworksscience, social and behavioural sciences, that have been widely cited to counterethics, biomedical science, psychology, the above challenge are:economics, law and policy research. • An architecture designed withAI algorithms might, by design, beinherently subject to errors that can operational AI distinct from alead to consequences such as unfair monitor agent responsible for legaloutcomes for racial and economic and ethical supervision of anyclasses—for example, citizen profiling actions • A framework to ensure that AI behaviour is safe for humans and implemented through a set of logical constraints on AI system behaviour Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 29\n\n30 PwC\n\n5. Looking aheadThe field of AI has awed researchers public sector and private sector) A collaborative innovation environmentand users equally over time. Right from will preclude the rare possibility of with regular dialogue between academiaAlan Turing’s paper in the 1950s to sci-fi an innovation being at odds with and the private and public sectors willmovies, there has been a debate on what human interest. help identify newer fields and operationsAI can do and how human beings will The AI continuum comes to the fore among the population. For example,be affected by it. In many ways, this here with AI innovations that fall under AI could be used to provide holisticthought process and speculation are augmented, assisted and autonomous and proactive advisory delivery to thenot surprising; rather, they are typical intelligence helping users understand population through public call centres,in the case of any evolving field about and decide which level of intelligence linking information from variouswhich complete knowledge is yet to be is helpful and required. This will make government sources. At the same time,obtained. The only difference is that AI the acceptance of AI easier among the plethora of big data generated fromwill constantly evolve and, hence, being the masses. At the same time, the the interactions in the above processable to foresee the next change becomes continuum could be used to understand and other digital initiatives can be useda big ask. economic ramifications, complexity of to draw sophisticated conclusions.In such an environment, advances use and decision-making implications. Collaboration between the three pillarscould be set in motion depending on While academia and the private sector could further help get a comprehensiveneeds and not always the other way conduct research on various AI problems view of problems and find intelligentround—that is, creating a need and with diverse implications in mind, the and innovative ways to increase thethen using an innovation following public sector, with its various initiatives efficiency and effectiveness of servicesits development. A good amount of (Digital India, Make in India, etc.) can delivered to society. Furthermore, thesecollaboration between academia and identify areas where parts of the AI can be looked at through the lens of thethe public and private sectors becomes continuum can be utilised to increase AI continuum which will help providenecessary. This engagement will reach, effectiveness and efficiency, thus the benefits of AI evolution to theencourage innovation in an effective and helping give direction to the innovative masses according to their needs.useful manner. Continuous dialogue AI research prevalent in the country.between these three pillars (academia, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 31\n\n32 PwC\n\n6. BibliographyArbess, D. J. (2016). This is the future of Integrated Defense Staff. (2013). Rossi, F. (2016). Artificial intelligence:artificial intelligence. Fortune. Retrieved Technology perspective and capability Potential benefits and ethicalfrom http://fortune.com/2016/06/15/ roadmap. Retrieved from http://mod. considerations. Policy Department C:future-of-work-2/ (last accessed on 28 gov.in/writereaddata/TPCR13.pdf (last Citizens’ Rights and ConstitutionalFebruary 2017) accessed on 28 February 2017) Affairs, European Parliament. http://Benaich, N. (2015). Investing in Investor’s Business Daily. (2016, March www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/artificial intelligence. TechCrunch. 10). AI meets ROI: Where artificial etudes/BRIE/2016/571380/IPOL_Retrieved from https://techcrunch. intelligence is already smart business. BRI(2016)571380_EN.pdf (last accessedcom/2015/12/25/investing-in-artificial- Retrieved from http://www.investors. on 28 February 2017)intelligence/ (last accessed on 28 com/news/technology/artificial- Salecha, M. (2016). 10 startupsFebruary 2017) intelligence-weaves-its-way-deeper- in India that are leading the raceChen, N., Christensen, L., Gallagher, K., into-daily-business/ (last accessed on 28 of artificial intelligence. AnalyticsMate, R., & Rafert, G. (2016). Global February 2017) India Magazine. Retrieved fromEconomic Impacts Associated with McGoogan, C. (2016). ‘Minority http://analyticsindiamag.com/10-Artificial Intelligence. Boston: Analysis Report’-style technology to predict crime startups-india-leading-race-artificial-Group Study. Retrieved from http:// in China. The Telegraph. Retrieved intelligence/ (last accessed on 28www.analysisgroup.com/uploadedfiles/ from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ February 2017)content/insights/publishing/ag_full_ technology/2016/03/09/minority- Shah, D. (2016). Artificialreport_economic_impact_of_ai.pdf (last report-style-technology-to-predict- intelligence: Breaking new grounds.accessed on 28 February 2017) crime-in-china/ (last accessed on 28 ETCIO. Retrieved from http://cio.Condliffe, J. (2017). In 2017, China is February 2017) economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech-doubling down on AI. MIT Technology Networking and Information talk/artificial-intelligence-breaking-Review. Retrieved from https://www. Technology Research and Development. new-grounds/1923 (last accessed on 28technologyreview.com/s/603378/in- (2016). The National Artificial February 2017)2017-china-is-doubling-down-on-ai/ Intelligence Research and Development Vempati, S. S. (2016). India and(last accessed on 28th February, 2017) Strategic Plan. Retrieved from https:// the artificial intelligence revolution.Frey, C. B and Osborne, M. A. (2013). www.nitrd.gov/news/national_ai_rd_ Carnegie India. Retrieved from http://The future of employment: How strategic_plan.aspx (last accessed on 28 carnegieindia.org/2016/08/11/india-susceptible are jobs to computerisation? February 2017) and-artificial-intelligence-revolution-Retrieved from http://www. Reeves, M., & He, D. (2015). What pub-64299 (last accessed on 28oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/ China’s 13th five-year plan means February 2017)academic/The_Future_of_Employment. for business. Harvard Business West, D. M. (2015). What happens ifpdf (last accessed on 28 February 2017) Review. Retrieved from https://hbr. robots take the jobs? The impact ofHa, J. E. (2016). Artificial intelligence org/2015/12/what-chinas-13th-five- emerging technologies on employmentindustry in South Korea. Retrieved year-plan-means-for-business (last and public policy. Center for Technologyfrom https://www.rvo.nl/sites/ accessed on 28 February 2017) Innovation at Brookings. Retrieveddefault/files/2016/04/Artificial%20 from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-Intelligence%20industry%20in%20 content/uploads/2016/06/robotwork.South%20Korea.pdf (last accessed on pdf (last accessed on 28 February 2017)28 February 2017) Artificial Intelligence and Robotics – 2017 33\n\nAbout ASSOCHAMThe Knowledge Architect of Corporate IndiaEvolution of Value CreatorASSOCHAM initiated its endeavour of value creation for Indian industry in 1920. Having in its fold more than 400 Chambers and TradeAssociations, and serving more than 4,50,000 members from all over India. It has witnessed upswings as well as upheavals of IndianEconomy, and contributed significantly by playing a catalytic role in shaping up the Trade, Commerce and Industrial environment ofthe country. Today, ASSOCHAM has emerged as the fountainhead of Knowledge for Indian industry, which is all set to redefine thedynamics of growth and development in the technology driven cyber age of ‘Knowledge Based Economy’.ASSOCHAM is seen as a forceful, proactive, forward looking institution equipping itself to meet the aspirations of corporate India in thenew world of business. ASSOCHAM is working towards creating a conducive environment of India business to compete globally.ASSOCHAM derives its strength from its Promoter Chambers and other Industry/Regional Chambers/Associations spread all overthe country.VisionEmpower Indian enterprise by inculcating knowledge that will be the catalyst of growth in the barrierless technology driven globalmarket and help them upscale, align and emerge as formidable player in respective business segments.MissionAs a representative organ of Corporate India, ASSOCHAM articulates the genuine, legitimate needs and interests of its members. Itsmission is to impact the policy and legislative environment so as to foster balanced economic, industrial and social development. Webelieve education, IT, BT, Health, Corporate Social responsibility and environment to be the critical success factors.Members – Our StrengthASSOCHAM represents the interests of more than 4,50,000 direct and indirect members across the country. Through its heterogeneousmembership, ASSOCHAM combines the entrepreneurial spirit and business acumen of owners with management skills and expertise ofprofessionals to set itself apart as a Chamber with a difference.Currently, ASSOCHAM has more than 100 National Councils covering the entire gamut of economic activities in India. It has beenespecially acknowledged as a significant voice of Indian industry in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility, Environment & Safety,HR & Labour Affairs, Corporate Governance, Information Technology, Biotechnology, Telecom, Banking & Finance, Company Law,Corporate Finance, Economic and International Affairs, Mergers & Acquisitions, Tourism, Civil Aviation, Infrastructure, Energy &Power, Education, Legal Reforms, Real Estate and Rural Development, Competency Building & Skill Development to mention a few.Insight Into ‘New Business Models’ASSOCHAM has been a significant contributory factor in the emergence of new-age Indian Corporates, characterized by a newmindset and global ambition for dominating the international business. The Chamber has addressed itself to the key areas like India asInvestment Destination, Achieving International Competitiveness, Promoting International Trade, Corporate Strategies for EnhancingStakeholders Value, Government Policies in sustaining India’s Development, Infrastructure Development for enhancing India’sCompetitiveness, Building Indian MNCs, Role of Financial Sector the Catalyst for India’s Transformation.ASSOCHAM derives its strengths from the following Promoter Chambers: Bombay Chamber of Commerce & Industry, Mumbai; CochinChambers of Commerce & Industry, Cochin: Indian Merchant’s Chamber, Mumbai; The Madras Chamber of Commerce and Industry,Chennai; PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry, New Delhi and has over 4 Lakh Direct / Indirect members.Together, we can make a significant difference to the burden that our nation carries and bring in a bright, new tomorrow for our nation.D. S. RawatSecretary [email protected] Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of IndiaASSOCHAMCorporate Office:5, Sardar Patel Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110 021Tel: 011-46550555 (Hunting Line) • Fax: 011-23017008, 23017009 | Website: www.assocham.org34 PwC\n\nAbout the authorsThis knowledge paper has been co-authored by Indranil Mitra, Prasun Nandy,Udayan Bhattacharya and Deboprio Dutta. Indranil Mitra and Prasun Nandy areDirectors and focus on the AI field for the Data and Analytics practice. UdayanBhattacharya is a Manager and works on AI, machine learning and cognitiveautomation along with Deboprio Dutta,Senior Consultant.About PwCAt PwC, our purpose is to build trust in society and solve important problems.We’re a network of firms in 157 countries with more than 2,23,000 people who arecommitted to delivering quality in assurance, advisory and tax services. Find outmore and tell us what matters to you by visiting us at www.pwc.comIn India, PwC has offices in these cities: Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, DelhiNCR, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Mumbai and Pune. For more information aboutPwC India’s service offerings, visit www.pwc.com/inPwC refers to the PwC International network and/or one or more of its memberfirms, each of which is a separate, independent and distinct legal entity in separatelines of service. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details.©2017 PwC. All rights reserved.ContactsArnab BasuPartner and Leader, Technology [email protected] Kumar S.Partner and Leader, Technology [email protected] GhoshPartner and Leader, Data and [email protected] Mitra, PhDDirector, Data and [email protected] NandyDirector, Data and [email protected] BhattacharyaManager, Data and [email protected] DuttaSenior Consultant, Data and [email protected]\n\npwc.inData Classification: DC0This document does not constitute professional advice. The information in this document has been obtained or derived from sources believed byPricewaterhouseCoopers Private Limited (PwCPL) to be reliable but PwCPL does not represent that this information is accurate or complete. Any opinions or estimatescontained in this document represent the judgment of PwCPL at this time and are subject to change without notice. Readers of this publication are advised to seektheir own professional advice before taking any course of action or decision, for which they are entirely responsible, based on the contents of this publication. PwCPLneither accepts or assumes any responsibility or liability to any reader of this publication in respect of the information contained within it or for any decisions readersmay take or decide not to or fail to take.© 2017 PricewaterhouseCoopers Private Limited. All rights reserved. In this document, “PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers Private Limited (a limited liabilitycompany in India having Corporate Identity Number or CIN : U74140WB1983PTC036093), which is a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited(PwCIL), each member firm of which is a separate legal entity.HS/VB/March2017-8939", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.961491048336029}
{"content": "What Are The Numbers 0 9 Called?\n\nWhat is 1000000000000000000000000 called?\n\nseptillionSome Very Big, and Very Small NumbersNameThe NumberPrefixseptillion1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000yottasextillion1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000zettaquintillion1,000,000,000,000,000,000exaquadrillion1,000,000,000,000,000peta6 more rows.\n\nIs Septillion or Sextillion bigger?\n\n\nWho named numbers?\n\nFor example, the Arabic numeral system we’re all familiar with today is usually credited to two mathematicians from ancient India: Brahmagupta from the 6th century B.C. and Aryabhat from the 5th century B.C. Eventually, numbers were necessary for more than simply counting things.\n\nWhy are 1 3 5 7 and 9 called Arabic numerals?\n\nThe reason the digits are more commonly known as “Arabic numerals” in Europe and the Americas is that they were introduced to Europe in the 10th century by Arabic-speakers of North Africa, who were then using the digits from Libya to Morocco.\n\nHow do you prove a number is normal?\n\nIn mathematics, a real number is said to be simply normal in an integer base b if its infinite sequence of digits is distributed uniformly in the sense that each of the b digit values has the same natural density 1/ b .\n\nWhat are numbers called?\n\nThe numerals used when writing numbers with digits or symbols can be divided into two types that might be called the arithmetic numerals (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) and the geometric numerals (1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 …), respectively. … However, the spoken language uses both arithmetic and geometric numerals.\n\nIs 0 a single digit number?\n\nSo, yes, zero is a “one digit number”, but it also has many other representations using more than one digit including: and so on. … If you consider the counting numbers, then 0 is simply not a number. 0 can also be written as 00, 000, or 0000.\n\nIs a zillion a real number?\n\n\nWhat are the last two digits of the number 7 45?\n\nThe last two digits of 74 are 01. The last two digits of powers of 7 go in a cycle – 07, 49, 43, 01. So, the last two digits of 745 are 07.\n\nWhich is the smallest number?\n\nIn mathematics. 2520 is: the smallest number divisible by all integers from 1 to 10, i.e., it is their least common multiple. half of 7!\n\nWhat is the tens digit of a number?\n\nthe 1 to the left of the ones place is in the tens place, and is called the tens digit; the 3 is to the right of the ones place, so it is in the tenths place, and is called the tenths digit; the 4 to the right of the tenths place is in the hundredths place, and is called the hundredths digit.\n\nWhat are normal numbers called?\n\nA number is said to be simply normal to base if its base- expansion has each digit appearing with average frequency tending to . A normal number is an irrational number for which any finite pattern of numbers occurs with the expected limiting frequency in the expansion in a given base (or all bases).\n\nHow many is a bajillion?\n\n\nWho created numbers 0 9?\n\n\nWhat are the five types of numbers?\n\nTypes of numbersNatural Numbers (N), (also called positive integers, counting numbers, or natural numbers); They are the numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}Whole Numbers (W). … Integers (Z). … Rational numbers (Q). … Real numbers (R), (also called measuring numbers or measurement numbers).\n\nWho is the father of mathematics?\n\n\nWho invented math?\n\n\nWhat is zillion number?\n\n\nWhat is a number with 1000 zeros called?\n\n\nWhat is the biggest number?\n\n\nHow do you find a hundreds digit?\n\nThe third digit to the left of decimal point is in the hundreds place and so on. The first digit to the right of decimal point is in the tenths place. The second digit to the right of decimal point is in the hundredths place. The third digit to the right of decimal point is in the thousandths place.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999762177467346}
{"content": "Skip to main content\n\nSocial Issues & Activism: Research Paper Assignment\n\nKimberly Braasch\n\nResearch Paper\n\nResearch Paper – EWRT 02 – Spring 2018\n\nAs this course emphasized the roles of self and society, this position paper will focus on a cresting or future-forward social issue that affects you. You’ll take a stand on this issue, present your researched findings, then either propose a solution or demonstrate how an individual can effect positive change in the matter. The paper will incorporate both critical and creative thinking in response to the issue.  \n\nRule #1: Minimum of 5 focused knowledge sources. These primary sources must offer in-depth detailed information. At least two of these five sources must have been published in print. You may use the online version, but they need to have also appeared in hard-copy, whether that’s an article in a newspaper, news-oriented magazine, journal, book chapter, government document, etc.\n\nRule #2: Wikipedia, encyclopedias, and general information sources are preliminary working knowledge sources. They may be used in your paper but do not count toward your five focused sources--neither does an article from which you only borrow one statistic. Your Works Cited page will document all sources parenthetically cited in the paper and omit sources you read but did not use.\n\nRule #3: Your focus is on working with professional resources so no blogs, vlogs, or social media sources unless you first clear them with me. Editorials, opinion pieces, and syndicated columns are allowed only if your paper addresses their bias. Videoconferences such as TED talks and credible audio podcasts are acceptable if led by professionals, while YouTube videos are generally not.\n\nRule #4: Use the sources, don’t let them use you. Your ideas and interpretations are the most important part of this paper. Do not write a paper that strings together a bunch of facts without sufficient interpretation and analysis from you. Use Bloom’s Taxonomy to not only help you focus on your point of view about the issue, but to help you evaluate long, dense articles you find about your topic. Remain inquiry-driven throughout the process; keep asking questions to figure out the paper’s direction and which sources provide the strongest support.\n\nRule #5: In addition to the above, you must incorporate at least one visual source, such as a political cartoon, satirical art, photograph, drawing, etc. that adds to the creative aspect of your paper as well as providing soft evidential support for your thesis.  \n\nGeneral breakdown of paper (averaging 150-175 w/par = 275 w/p = 1600-1800 w/rp)\n\n1: Introduction to the topic, starting broad and narrowing down to your argumentative thesis statement. No first person in essay, but consider beginning with a narrative, whether that’s based on personal experience, taken from your research, or creative (an imaginary someone facing the issue you’re writing about).\n\n\n2: Background info about the topic to help your reader understand why you feel this issue is so important and to explain why you’ve taken the position you have. Think ETHOS: show that you’re a believable writer who, based on the reasoning provided in this paragraph, will examine the topic in a credible manner. Note: This paragraph could be assimilated into the introduction if you don’t go the personal narrative route.  \n\n\n3-4: Present detailed evidence to clarify and support the issue you’re tackling. Think LOGOS: make a logical and persuasive case. Unlike previous essays, incorporate fewer half-sentence quotations and aim for paraphrasing larger chunks of evidence. Always go for more rather than not enough, but don’t let the evidence overwhelm your voice in the paper. This paper is designed to show how well you understand the topic, not how well you can copy and paste what others have written. (You may need three paragraphs for this segment of the paper, depending on your topic.)\n\n\n5-6: One paragraph to anticipate and present opposition plus a second paragraph to refute opposing arguments in regard to this social platform. Look for legitimate sources -- don’t simply rebut sarcastic trolls on Web sites – and document them. Don’t hold back on presenting possibly multiple opposing or alternate point of views you’ve uncovered in your research. You don’t need to shred the opposition, but you need to do more than acknowledge it – thoroughly deflect it and defend your position.\n\n\n7-8: Now it’s time to present strategy and options and tools: How can one individual who’s not in a position of power, or blessed with disposable income, or the leader of a band of plucky do-good rebels spearhead change? This is where the creative and critical parts of the essay converge as you show your determination and offer your reader a blueprint for success in supporting positive change for this social platform. Strive to go beyond the obvious steps (e.g., vote in elections, sign a petition posted on a social media site, etc.). Expand your options by working with Applying-level questions from Bloom’s pyramid as well as researching other social platforms for possible analogies (How did #IceBucket Challenge begin trending?) Also consider creative scenarios that are grounded by logical premises (e.g., if you could convince backers to finance a _____, then monies from selling tickets to that event could be used to ____, which, in turn, could support the next step of your plan, which is __________.) \n\n\n9-10: Now you move into the world of prediction, probability, and hope. While acknowledging that change doesn’t happen overnight (although it’s coming rapidly due to the efforts of a few students from Parkland, FL), detail the types of results/justice/goals (small- and large-scale) you believe your work can achieve in the short and long run.\n\n\n11: Present a truly compelling conclusion. Think PATHOS as you wind things down. Elevate the issue so it becomes larger than all the individual points you made in any of the body paragraphs. Consider a world in which this platform no longer needs protecting or attacking. Say no, to restating the same points or summarizing the obvious. Say, yes, to leaving a lasting impression and making the reader glad he or she has come along with you on this journey.\n\n\n\nPractically Perfect Body Paragraph (10 to 14 sentences)\n\n1          Topic sentence/main claim in paragraph\n\n1          Transition from claim to supporting material\n\n1-2      Lead-in & evidence (QPS, logical reasoning, known facts, observation, etc.)\n\n2-3      Analysis of evidence\n\n1          Transition to supporting material\n\n\n2-3      Analysis of evidence\n\n1          Round-off to tie back to topic sentence; sums up the “because” part of paragraph\n\n\nYou can mix up the order by offering both pieces of evidence together, followed by one long analysis, but other than that, follow this structure. Note these main points: 1) don’t begin a paragraph with a lead-in to your evidence. 2) always transition from one piece of evidence to the next, 3) offer analysis twice as long as evidence, 4) don’t let the paragraph end midair without tying it back to the main idea.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9677249789237976}
{"content": "Too Thin on Margins?\n\nA curious thing happened as I was trolling Facebook one day–a fellow author had posted about what she wasn’t doing for Christmas. “I’m not baking the seven different types of cookies that I normally do and I’m giving you permission to do the same. What is it you would like to give up this Christmas so you can spend more time with family?”\n\nWhenever the first of the year rolls around it’s always time for the\ndreadedexcitement of planning your (cue the music) New Year’s Resolutions. Often, these resolutions and goal setting add more to our plate rather than simplify our lives.\n\nWe should absolutely make goals–I’m a big believer in them. But how can we make them reasonable, doable, and achievable?\n\nYou might have heard about margins. Leave one inch margins around your written page. This used to be so there would be room for others to make comments. It’s morphed into leaving room in your life for the important things. You might have also heard people call this work/life balance.\n\nBut how do you know if your margins are too thin? What might some of the symptoms be?\n\n1. You can’t say no. This means you don’t have boundaries. It’s really not healthy to be the go-to person for everything. You can’t always be at another person’s beck and call. I think volunteer work is important but pick ONE thing you’re passionate about and make sure the hours are reasonable.\n\n2. You’re always running late. This can be symptomatic of two conditions. One, it’s just the kind of person you are. You’ve always been late and continue to be late. But if you used to be on time for everything and now you’re always just a few minutes (or more) late, then you’re probably over-scheduled. Why is it you can’t make it on time? Too many appointments or it’s something you don’t want to do? You’ve lost passion for your job, perhaps? Maybe never had any? Can you change that?\n\n3. Your children/family/significant other don’t recognize you anymore. I remember when my girls were infants that I’d bring them into the bathroom while I was taking a bath and set them on the floor with some toys so I could keep an eye on them. The first time their eyes witnessed me dunk my head and come up with my hair slicked back, their quivering lips indicated that they thought I was not their mom anymore. I spoke to them and reassured them it was okay. If your family is coming in dead last then definitely some re-prioritizing needs to happen. What can you change about your current schedule that would make more room?\n\nSince it is the first of the year, I do still think that it’s a good time to analyze and focus, but maybe with these tenets in mind. The goal has to be reasonable to make it fun and achievable; otherwise it’s doomed to fail from the start.\n\nSo, instead of the goal being I’m going to write THREE great American novels when you’ve never attempted one, attend a local writers conference to see if writing is suited for you.\n\nInstead of losing ALL the weight you need to lose in the first three weeks of the year, shoot for a small piece of the whole. I want to lose 2 pounds in January. Once you’ve done that, set the next goal.\n\nGoals are about focus, but they need to be achievable. You’ll still need to live your life. Keep those personal relationships strong. That’s what ultimately sustains you.\n\nWhat are your reasonable and achievable goals for 2014? Will they maintain your life/work balance?\n\nNext week restarts medical mayhem!!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5542255640029907}
{"content": "Why Is One Twin Bigger Than The Other?\n\nWho carries the twin gene?\n\nHowever, for a given pregnancy, only the mother’s genetics matter.\n\nFraternal twins happen when two eggs are simultaneously fertilized instead of just one.\n\nA father’s genes can’t make a woman release two eggs.\n\nIt sounds like fraternal twins do indeed run in your family!.\n\nAre Twins a blessing or curse?\n\n\nCan one identical twin have autism?\n\nIf one identical twin has autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the other twin has a 76 percent chance of also being diagnosed with it. The numbers are lower for fraternal twins. The percentage of fraternal twins who each share an ASD diagnosis is 34 percent for same-sex twins and 18 percent for boy-girl pairs, Dr.\n\nAre twins more likely to have Down syndrome?\n\nTwins or multiple births occur at a rate of about 2% in the population of 15,000 babies with Down syndrome recorded on the UK National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register. A total of 244 twin pairs are recorded (some prenatally diagnosed), including 29 pairs (11.8%) where both have Down syndrome.\n\nHow early can you see twin heartbeats?\n\nMost women first hear their twin babies’ heartbeats during a routine checkup that uses the fetal Doppler early in their pregnancy. Many ultrasound machines also allow the heartbeat to be heard even before it can be heard with a handheld Doppler. Most women now get an ultrasound prior to 12 weeks.\n\nCan one twin develops faster than the other?\n\n\nWhat happens when one twin eats the other?\n\n\nDo twin fetuses develop slower?\n\n\nCan only one identical twin have Downs syndrome?\n\nHaving identical twins with Down’s Syndrome is incredibly rare, with previous research suggesting that it only occurs in one in a million births. When it comes to twin births, two in every 1,000 are born where one or both of the babies have Down’s Syndrome.\n\nWhich twin is conceived first?\n\n\nCan you abort one twin?\n\nSelective reduction is the practice of reducing the number of fetuses in a multiple pregnancy, say quadruplets, to a twin or singleton pregnancy. The procedure is also called multifetal pregnancy reduction.\n\nWhat is it called when one twin takes nutrients from the other?\n\nTwin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a rare pregnancy condition affecting identical twins or other multiples. TTTS occurs in pregnancies where twins share one placenta (afterbirth) and a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients essential for development in the womb.\n\nCan twins be different sizes?\n\nThese identical twins of different size are referred to as discordant twins; twin-to-twin transfusion is diagnosed by ultrasound and may be treated by advanced in-utero therapies, according to the NIH. Ask your doctor about the varying birth weight of twins.\n\nIs one twin healthier than the other?\n\nBy studying identical twins, researchers controlled for genetic factors and maternal risk factors. Although identical twins also share a placenta, it’s divided into two separate compartments, and one may be healthier than the other.\n\nWhich twin is usually bigger?\n\nUsually, one twin is slightly bigger than the other. Somehow, they are in a position to take more resources from the mother.\n\nAre twins usually the same weight?\n\nThe average birth weight of full-term twins (37 weeks or later, compared to 39-40 weeks for singletons) is around 5 ½ pounds each, though one baby often weighs more than the other. Because of the additional weight, twin pregnancies tend to be more uncomfortable.\n\nWhat happens when one twin stops growing?\n\nThe twin that stops growing will be reabsorbed into your placenta and into the baby that you’re carrying. Small indicators of the twin might remain in your placenta when you deliver your baby. In most cases, your pregnancy will continue as it would have if you were carrying one baby to begin with.\n\nWhy would one twin be smaller than the other?\n\nOther twin risks. Twins who share a placenta may also: Have unequal distribution of blood and nutrients between them. As a result, one twin may be much smaller. This is called selective intrauterine growth restriction.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7907936573028564}
{"content": "How Can You Grow Your Self-Confidence Muscle?\n\nBuilding self-confidence through self-awareness, vulnerability and practice.\n\nSelf-Confidence Makes You Shine\n\nOn a scale of 1 to 10, how is your self-confidence today?\n\nBelieving in ourselves, in our abilities and capacities, is the basis for truly fulfilling life. The list of rewards related to self-confidence includes, among others, reducing fear and anxiety, increasing motivation, growing resilience, stronger relationships and greater sense of your authentic self (1). It is even said that many people fail to fulfil their potential not because they are not smart enough or lack opportunities or resources, but instead they do not believe enough in themselves (2).\n\nI have always believed that self-confidence is magic. But like for most of us, self-confidence has been a bit of a struggle also for me throughout my life. The higher the risk of failure and judgement (especially the judgment), the higher the fluctuations in the levels of my self-confidence. However, with years passing, the amount of experience and knowledge piling up, also my levels of confidence seem to be rising. I have been investing time into increasing my self-awareness, taking stock of my strengths and accomplishments, while fighting consciously against my negativity bias (it is so human to focus on the lack and failures while forgetting all the goodness and greatness of our life and accomplishments). There is also no doubt that starting to own fully my story and getting comfortable with vulnerability have made me way more courageous than ever before. Well, we are all forever work-in-progress, right? I am sure if I (starting out as an introverted timid perfectionist child) have managed to come this far, so can you!\n\nLack of Self — Confidence\n\nWhen you are lacking self-confidence you most definitely, one way or another, limit yourself from living to the fullest. You might self-sabotage your success, you might skip opportunities of growth and adventures simply because you are too afraid not to be good enough to join. Not to mention the overwhelm of related thoughts and anxiety when opportunities (do not) show up. And once you get into action you might be analysing your (and others´) behaviour and performance into detail long after the moment is gone.\n\nWhen you lack self-confidence you might also have difficulty to say “no”. You might not be courageous enough to fight for your needs, instead put others´ needs in front of your own. You might also experience lack of clarity regarding expectations — you might be living up to others´ expectations and not your own.\n\nBuilding That Self-Confidence Muscle\n\nWhile large part of the architecture of our brain, where self-confidence similarly to other personality traits resides, is predetermined, our experiences and choices shape us (3). Our experiences create new connections and pathways in our brain (neuroplasticity) throughout life. Positive thinking and feeding to your brain positive scenarios is really important. You have to be careful with what show you are running in your mind as your thoughts and expectations of future happenings seem to have a similar impact than real events. A study about self-esteem and the impact of others´ opinions about us found that self-esteem is not only impacted by whether other people like you, but also by your expectations of whether you expected to be liked (4).\n\nNeuroscientist Stacie Grossman Bloom says that if we make a decision to be more confident, and then keep practicing it, the learning is reinforced and similarly to anything we practice regularly, also confidence can become on a cellular level of our brain “hard coded” as part of who we are (5) And when we feel confident, we feel good as we stimulate parts of our brain related to reward, motivation and pleasure and at the same time it is kind of “contagious” as it promotes others around you to become more engaged with you (3).\n\nWhat a great news to know that You can actually build your self-confidence by practice and turn it into part of “who you are”! While self-confidence is not something you are fully readily born with, it is also not something you can learn from a manual. It is a mix of self-acceptance, your well-being, your previous experiences and your belief in yourself. It is something that you can develop and make grow and it most definitely benefits form experience and time. And as Dr. Brene Brown suggests “vulnerability is the cornerstone of confidence”and that “you can´t get to courage without walking through vulnerability”, meaning that if you courageously open yourself up to others, facing risk of failure and judgement, you do start developing the confidence to be yourself.\n\nIn case you are not fully convinced or ready to decide to “be confident” and start practicing it, there are at least few steps you can take to start focusing on positive aspects of yourself and boosting your self-belief. “Practice makes the master” and soon self-confidence will be part of who you are!\n\n1) Self-Awareness\n\nSelf-awareness is the non-negotiable starting point for any aspect of personal growth and development. Before starting to take steps to grow the muscle of self-confidence it is important to take some time to understand in what situations your lack of self-confidence shows up. How does it look like? How do you feel in these situations? What are the stories you are telling to yourself? You can start by asking: “Who am I?” — Understanding who is that authentic you (without all the roles you hold and the expectations from others)? What are your core values and why are they important to you? Answering these questions is the foundation for getting comfortable with who you are — for getting to know, accept and love yourself. Self-acceptance and self-love have a ripple effect. They are also cornerstones of self-esteem and self-confidence.\n\n2) Vulnerability\n\nMost often self-confidence is in high need in situations that require courage, such situations challenge us and carry some sort of risk of failure or risk of being judged by others. Whatever it is we are challenging ourself to do (e.g. to speak up in a meeting, to give a public speech, to change our career, to start a deep conversation in our relationship) there is always the possibility that things do not work as good as we wish to. There is always the fear that others disagree or we get judged.\n\nBeing vulnerable is powerful. Following Brene Brown´s advice, in order to live our life to the fullest we should really own our story and get comfortable with our vulnerability. The researcher suggests that if we are willing to choose courage over comfort, then failure can become our most powerful path to learning (6).\n\n3) Strengths and Accomplishments\n\nOnce you have got comfortable with who you are and what matters to you, it is time to take stock of all the goodness you have created in your life. You have come a long way, which means you have collected a fair share of life experiences and accomplishments, you have most definitely fulfilled goals and dreams. Be conscious of your negativity bias, the human tendency to give more importance to negative experience than to positive or neutral ones (7). It is important to bring your focus on the positive experiences — the times things went really well and wonderfully rather than to a few unsuccessful moments of your life. It is important you know well and can lean on to your strengths and talents.\n\nIn case you are not able to remember it all at once, try to find answers to the following questions:\n\n– What do you love about yourself?\n\n– What are You passionate about?\n\n– What is your zone of genius?\n\n– What are You proud of? What do you consider your most impressive achievement to be?\n\n– What have been your favourite accomplishments?\n\nDo not be shy, bring it all on the table. Feel proud of it and own it. Own all that success. You write your own story, it is you who can choose the parts that really serve you. Reminding ourselves of all the great things that we have accomplished is invaluable as it reinforces our trust and belief into our strengths, abilities and capabilities, into our power. It makes us believe that we can achieve whatever we desire in life!\n\n4) Resilience\n\nLife has seasons. We all experience ups and downs and challenges. Think about the biggest challenges you have faced throughout your life. Think about the biggest failures you have experienced. How did you overcome these moments? How did you make it to the “other side”? What was the learning and wisdoms of nuggets you collected throughout these moments? Acknowledge and accept all the experience and wisdom you have gathered. Having a list of positive “recoveries” form the past helps you to feel more knowledgable, calmer and more confident about what is currently happening.\n\n4) Unpower Your Limiting Beliefs\n\nWe all carry with us a some limiting beliefs, some ideas that we believe to be truthful even if they are not true. Limiting beliefs (for example: I am too old, I am too tall, I am not smart enough, I will never be able to do that, money comes with hard work etc) are truly powerful. Although we often pick up these ideas from our childhood and family context, our own life experiences and fears are also a great source for such subconscious beliefs.\n\nLimiting beliefs help you to stay in your comfort zone. They can help to protect you from fear — from fear of failure, but also from fear of succeeding. Limiting beliefs get along well with impostor syndrome, a self-fulfilling pattern of thoughts about doubting in one´s abilities and capabilities, feeling like a fraude, even if the evidence shows the contrary.\n\nSo how can you overcome your limiting beliefs and unleash your confidence? The first step is to identify the existence of such belief. Ask help from a friend or a life coach to discuss this topic further. Sometimes we are deeply blinded by our beliefs and only an outsider can help us to start seeing things differently. Look at the facts, facts usually hold the truth. If you do not happen to have anybody around for a second opinion, then do try to challenge your beliefs anyway! One of the best ways to unpower a limiting belief is to turn that belief into positive and empowering one!\n\n5) Create Mastery\n\nLack of self-confidence is often contextual or showing up in specific situations. Usually it has to do with situations you are less comfortable with, for example “first times”and beginnings. Lack of experience and knowledge in specific situations are great destabilisers of self-confidence. Being curious and investing your effort into gaining insights and improving your knowledge can be of great value in such situations. However, the first step, even if with shaking self-confidence, has to be taken!\n\nWhen you feel lack of self-confidence, you might feel powerless and limited. Improving your general wellbeing in life and mastering the aforementioned steps can make a real difference. Firstly, when we feel good we are more confident. And secondly, taking conscious steps towards becoming more self-confident does bring results.\n\nWhile you are busy trying to figure out your insecurities and work on growing your level of self-confidence, it often might feel like everybody around you has got this part figured out. It seems that everybody is way more confident than you to speak up in public, to share their opinions, to embark on new adventures, to find ways to overcome challenges and so on. But trust me, it is not always like that. Struggling with self-confidence is a way more common challenge than you can imagine. And way more people, than you can imagine, take courageous steps from a place of self-challenge than self-confidence.\n\nBuilding self-confidence is an ongoing process, it is a conscious daily practice. The best we have got is to keep building that muscle by working on our self-acceptance, self-awareness, taking stock of our successes and challenging ourself ongoing with new things. Staying always in our comfort-zone might not require expanding our muscle of self-confidence, but it will also not let us experience our life to the fullest. However I can reassure you that our self-confidence tends to rise with our life experience and with the years lived because we simply become more comfortable in our skin. We become more certain about what matters to us and less worried about others´ opinions. But in the meanwhile, why not to simply choose self-confidence each morning!?\n\n\n1. Why Self-Confidence Is More Important Than You Think (\n\n2. Use It Or Lose It: The Science Behind Self-Confidence (\n\n3. 100 Women: Can We Wire Our Brains For Confidence (\n\n4. Self-Esteem Mapped in the Human Brain (\n\n5. Your Brain On Confidence (\n\n6. Courage Over Comfort: Rumbling with Shame, Accountability, and Failure at Work (\n\n7. What Is Negativity Bias And Why Does It Affect You (\n\n\n    You might also like...\n\n    Increase self confidence: 8 ways to increase self-confidence\n\n    8 Things You Can Do to Increase Self-Confidence\n\n    by Mark Pettit\n    10 Proven Strategies that will make you feel more confident\n\n    10 Proven Strategies That Will Make You Feel More Confident\n\n    by Mark Pettit\n\n    The One Thing Stopping You From Achieving Your Dreams\n\n    by Emily Jordan", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8700454235076904}
{"content": "Explore the world like a scientist\n\nFamilies can support learning about science with hands-on activities.\n\nA experiment with bubbles can be a fun science activity for the entire family.\n\nExploring the world like a scientist is exciting for children. Our children want to know the “how’s” and “why’s” of everything, and they want to check it out for themselves using all of their senses. A child’s natural curiosity motivates them to learn about the world and how the different parts of their world interact. It’s easy to explore like a scientist if you provide opportunities and give them support.\n\nWhen we use the term “science,” many parents think of books full of detailed facts like we read in school or perhaps a few flashy demonstrations we have seen. Science for children is a lot more involved than just reading or viewing.\n\nChildren want to do hands-on learning, which means they want to explore, discover, investigate and use materials. They learn by using their senses of touch, hearing, sight, smell and even taste. They do this to find out how things are structured or what they can do.\n\nTeaching and learning experts agree this is valuable for children. According to the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) Position Statement on Early Childhood Science Education, “NSTA recognizes the importance of exploratory play and other forms of active engagement for younger children…as they come to explore and understand the world around them.”\n\nScience exploration activities teach children important skills such as problem-solving, creative thinking and critical thinking. These cognitive skills will be important to them in all walks of life and will enable them to be more successful in a variety of areas.\n\nThe “Bouncing Bubbles Experiment” by the Spangler Science Club can be a fun science activity for the entire family. You will need some distilled water, dish soap, a little glycerin and a pair of clean, inexpensive gloves.\n\nBubblesUsing a bubble wand or pipette, blow a bubble and let children watch it and try to touch it. When they touch the bubble, it is likely to break. Blow several bubbles and ask kids why they think the bubbles keep popping. Ask them if they think they could bounce a bubble in their hands and let them try. After a minute or so, give each child a clean glove or even a new sock to put on their hand and try the activity again. This time, the bubble won’t pop and they can even try to bounce it.\n\nOnce everyone has had a chance to try it and has been successful in bouncing a bubble, ask children what they think made the difference. Try the activity again using a dirty sock. What happens? Ask them if they have any other ideas of things bubbles might bounce on.\n\nAfter lots of exploration and discussion about your findings, you’ll find that dirt and oil are actually what break the surface of the bubble and cause it to break. By using the clean glove or sock, the bubble is not as likely to break. By the same token, any surface that is greasy or dirty will most surely cause the bubble to pop by breaking its surface.\n\nIn order for activities like this to provide valuable learning experiences for children, adults have important roles to play. Adults need to help create the opportunity, assure a safe environment, manage materials, encourage youth to try and challenge their thinking.\n\nAsk open-ended questions, which encourage children to think and discover on their own, and listen to what they say. Good open-ended questions will begin with something like, “I wonder why…,” “What do you think would happen if…” and “What else do you think might work?”\n\nMichigan State University Extension stresses that while special activities you share with your children are great, you don’t have to create an event to explore like a scientist. Anytime children ask why or how something happens, it is an opportunity to practice problem-solving, predicting and investigating. Giving young children the chance to explore will help send them on an educational journey that never ends.\n\nDid you find this article useful?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9293394088745117}
{"content": "Grade 8: US History to Reconstruction\n\nStandard 8: Westward Expansion\n\nContent Standard 8: The student will examine the political, economic, social, and geographic changes that occurred during the period of westward expansion.\nExamine the concept and opposing perspectives toward Manifest Destiny as a motivation and justification for westward expansion.\nExplain the territorial growth of the United States including the annexation of Texas, Mexican Cession, and the Gadsden Purchase; describe the need to maintain a balance of “free” and “slave” states.\nIdentify push and pull factors of mass migration and the settlement of western territories including the California Gold Rush, settlement of Oregon, and the Mormon migration.\nAnalyze the consequences of westward expansion, including the impact on the culture of American Indians and their homelands, and the growing sectional tensions regarding the expansion of slavery.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999139904975891}
{"content": "There are so many reasons why the business plan is still so popular. However, there are also several reasons why some are moving away from it. You see, there are some downsides that come with a plan. For example, it is time-consuming and can be very difficult to put together.\n\nThe lifespan of it is generally very short which is why a plan needs to be regularly reviewed and updated. They are usually documents that tend to be lengthy, as can be seen on this website.\n\nThis might not sit well with potential investors or financiers for whom business plans are normally drafted. They might not have the time to go through it. All this brings us to a question, are there better alternatives? The answer is yes and it is those alternatives that we shall be discussed herein.\n\nBusiness Model Canvas Or Lean Canvas\n\nThis is a tool that can either be used for a new business or an existing one. A business model canvas comprehensively breaks down a business on just one page. Do not forget that a plan is mainly drafted for the purpose of sourcing funding. Insourcing funding, prospective investors or financiers are keen on seeing how a company will make money, amongst other things.\n\nThat is why a model is of great concern to them. Remember, it is simply how a business makes or will make money. You can already see where we are going with this i.e. why a business model canvas can stand in the place of a plan. It (also known as a lean canvas) is a one-page table-like illustration of 9 key components of how it operates or will operate.\n\nThe 9 components are Key Partners, Key Activities, Key Resources, Value Propositions, Customer Relationships, Customer Segments, Distribution Channels, Cost Structure, and Revenue Streams. Details pertaining to these components are written down (normally in bullet form) in the respective sections of what looks like a table.\n\nThere are several reasons why the business model canvas is an excellent alternative. It is also known as the lean canvas – lean there shows you that it is small (fits on one page). This makes it easy for a reader to quickly get a hang of how a business operates or will operate.\n\nIt is easy to put together and also easy to edit as and when needs are. It only focuses on the pertinent details thus leaving out mundane details that might not hold any material value relevant to the reader’s considerations. Overall, this makes for a great tool that can be used in place of a plan especially because it does not take much time to present or for the reader to understand.\n\n\n\nA business brief is basically a short document that lays out how a company is constituted and will be rolled out. Just like a plan the intended uses of a brief vary. It can be used for monitoring and evaluation purposes where certain parties have to be briefed on progress or an intended course of action. It can also be effectively used a tool to source funding for an idea. Typically it should be short i.e. anything from one page to around three pages. It is a brief remember so do not make it long otherwise it seizes to be a brief.\n\nKey components that a business brief should include are an overview of the business’ background, goals and objectives, unique value proposition (essentially what and how the business seeks to address a particular challenge), products, target market, competitors, and marketing strategies amongst others.\n\nPitch Deck\n\n\nThis is a brief presentation put together for purposes of pitching to potential investors or financiers. Usually, it is drafted using Microsoft PowerPoint. The optimum number of slides in a pitch deck should be 10 – do not exceed 20. What must be covered in a pitch deck? – The problem, solution, a business model, competition, management team, marketing and financials. These are the most important aspects you must cover.\n\nGoogle Calendar\n\n\nHere we are going to focus on the use of a  plan as a guiding or reference tool. Bear in mind that typically a plan entails elements such as timelines, goals and a wide array of measurable and time-bound deliverables. A plan would be a mere document that is somewhat static in that the user would have to come up with other frameworks to ensure what is on paper is materialized. Using a Google Calendar instead would be more efficient because of the dynamic features contained within a Google Calendar.\n\nWith Google Calendar you can layout time-bound plans ahead of time. You can time stamp, for instance, a year in advance down to the last detail. You can even schedule meeting dates and times along with the agendas. Reminders can be set with details of say, goals or milestones that have to be achieved by certain times.\n\nWhat is even more convenient is that a Google Calendar, with all those details, is shareable. Thus it can be shared with respective staff members and or stakeholders. Most people operate in a computer-based environment that uses Google platforms. This further optimizes everything because the Google Calendar integrates with so many platforms, software and mobile applications.\n\nAll in all, you can effectively use Google Calendar as an alternative to a plan. This is especially so for when you would have normally used a business plan for guidance and reference.\n\nThese are 4 of some of the most potent alternatives one can use instead of a regular plan. It is vital that you understand them because more and more people are moving away from the traditional business plan.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9977631568908691}
{"content": "Ask an expert\n\n27 Oct 2006\n\nI have numbness on my left hand in my pinky and the finger next to it going up that part of my arm untill just before the elbow - I also have numbness on the left side of my head next to the eye in an area of about 5cm, what on earth is the problem?\nAnswer 349 views\n\n01 Jan 0001\n\nDear Kim\nThe hand is caused by something causing pressure on the ulnar nerve in your arm. You may need to see an orthopedic surgeon. Ask your GP to just check for arteritis on your temple - it is inflammation of the blood vessels and commonly can happen in that area.\nVoting Booth\nHave you entered our Health of the Nation survey?\n32% - 9475 votes\n68% - 20308 votes", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9401265978813171}
{"content": "The Newcomer - Mary Kay Andrews\n\n\nIT WAS STILL DARK WHEN Letty pulled into the parking lot. The car bumped slowly over the rutted oyster-shell pavement and she turned around to check on Maya, grateful that the child was finally sleeping. Her head slumped against the side of the car seat, her curls dampened with sweat, her rosebud lips pursed as she softly snored, and Ellie, her ever-present toy stuffed elephant, was clutched tightly to her chest.\n\nA large hand-painted sign was posted at the entrance to the motel lot: GUEST PARKING ONLY IN ASSIGNED SPACES. TRESPASSERS’ CARS WILL BE TOWED. THIS MEANS YOU.\n\nLetty yawned. Her eyes burned and her shoulders and arms were cramped. She ignored the sign and backed the silver Kia into a space at the far end of the lot, which was near capacity, with two dozen or so cars parked in spaces marked off with numbered wooden signs, so that she’d be able to spot anyone approaching her car. The yellowing fronds of a huge palm tree draped over the spot, which was next to a dumpster. Surely nobody would mind a crappy little Kia tucked away in a parking slot nobody else wanted. Right?\n\nShe turned off the engine, locked the car doors, and slid her seat back as far as it would go. She sighed wearily and her eyelids fluttered as the motel sign’s neon-blue waves, waving green palms, and pink lettering flashed on and off, on and off. THE MURMURING SURF. FREE WI-FI. POOL. COLOR TV. She’d paused, before pulling into the lot, after spotting the yellow NO VACANCY notice, but maybe, she thought, there really was a room. Maybe someone would be checking out this morning, after the sun rose.\n\nLetty picked up the carefully folded article she’d placed on the passenger seat. It was a faded page torn from a back issue of Southern Living magazine. “Florida’s Hidden Gems: Four Family Motels You’ll Want to Discover.” There was a photo of the Murmuring Surf at the bottom of the page, which had been circled with a black Sharpie pen, but from the looks of the place now, the photo had been taken some time ago.\n\nSunrise was probably half an hour away, with just the faintest promise of pink streaks in the midnight-blue sky, but she could make out a series of little concrete-block units arranged in an asymmetrical horseshoe shape. In the center of the horseshoe was a glowing aqua kidney-shaped swimming pool, shaded with tall palm trees and ringed with lounge chairs and tables. No lights shone in any of the windows, but at the curve of the horseshoe, a two-story unit, double the size of the others, had a small neon OFFICE sign posted in a window, and there was a lit-up Coke machine near the door.\n\nShe slid her window down a few inches and sniffed, inhaling the cool, salt-scented breeze and listening to the gentle wash of waves from somewhere very nearby. God, what she wouldn’t give for a moonlit walk on the beach, just a moment to sink her toes into the sand and feel the warm tickle of water lapping at her ankles, washing away the terror and trauma of the past thirty-six hours.\n\nMaya stirred, mumbling something in her sleep, bringing an abrupt end to Letty’s daydream.\n\nHer face softened as she regarded the little girl, her face so calm and untroubled in sleep. What had she seen? What would she remember? “Poor little chickadee,” she whispered, unconsciously using the endearment her grandmother always used when referring to her and her younger sister.\n\nDuring the long drive from New York, Maya had cried for hours, at first racking sobs, which finally subsided into whimpers and sniffles. She’d refused to eat anything, sweeping away her favorite (and usually forbidden) chicken nuggets during a raging tantrum in a roadside fast-food restaurant in West Virginia, screaming “I want my MOMMY!” so loudly that a panicky Letty had hustled her out of the place so fast that she’d left behind her own dinner. Hours later she’d pulled into the drive-through line of another fast-food joint, bribing Maya with a chocolate milkshake, which she’d greedily sucked down—and then barfed up half an hour later, which meant yet another gas station pit stop.\n\nShe picked up her cell phone. Six text messages, all of which she deleted. The last two texts were from Zoey.\n\n\n\nShe hesitated. Zoey had been her first real friend in the city. She had to trust somebody, didn’t she? No, she decided, shaking her", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6363654136657715}
{"content": "5 Easy Steps to Enhancing Your Security Guard Service\n\n5 Easy Steps to Enhancing Your Security Guard Service\n\nSecurity guard companies are unlike any vendor that a home supervisor usually hires. If you employ a painter, you can see whether or not they do their tasks by taking a look at the walls. However, when you employ a security guard company, how often can you see if the guard company is doing their job which includes running background checks and drug screenings, providing great training for your own guards, and efficiently monitoring and supervising your guards. In most cases they likely are, but it is important to implement a system of verification and quality management to make sure that problems associated with the deficiency of doing these tasks don’t start to occur.\n\nIn this article we will discuss five (5) simple actions to enhancing your safety guard service and achieving what you picture as your perfect retail security London.\nDisplay Your Guards Qualifications\n\nIn most nations, guards are mandated to have a specified amount of training before they can start working as security guards. If your condition is one of those states, make sure that your security guard company is compliant.\n\nEvaluate Guard Training\n\nAlthough most security guard companies have an extremely thorough orientation that introduces every shield to the company itself, in several cases the guard’s orientation to his assigned property is not as complete. We predict the orientation for the assigned property”Site Specific Training”. Learn What your site specific training looks like:\n• Can it occur at your premises?\n• Who does the training?\n\n• Just how long is each officer educated?\n• Just how long does the security firm double lender?\nDetermine the response to each of these questions and make certain that they fit with what you feel is adequate. You should even think about sitting in on your safety guard company’s orientation and your site special training to acquire an understanding of what goes on preparing a shield to operate in your premises.\nInspection Your Guard’s Supervision\n\nGuard supervision is one of the main factors of very good security guard support. When security companies provide poor oversight, there is not enough emphasis placed on preventing mistakes, problems, and complaints. Lack of oversight also removes the chance for the guard to learn and better understand their responsibilities. If the guards are not being supervised, they start to feel that their work is not important and they start to see themselves as less of a region of the security group. When guards don’t feel like part of your group it generally leads to unacceptable practices like unprofessional behavior, tardiness, and even theft.\nOfficer Check-Ins\nInspect Your Favorite\n\nAfter hours inspections of your guards are almost always good ways of finding out exactly what is happening with your safety while you are not there. Through these inspections, make sure to ask your safety guards questions about their duties and responsibilities to make sure that they understand their tasks. In reality, we suggest having your safety guards audited regularly, officially (i.e. post review ) and (i.e. secret shopped) by a licensed security consultant as part of your continuing security program.\nFirms like Asymmetric Strategies provide a free service aimed at doing precisely that. Remember, when choosing a security consultant be confident that the consultant is not really a security guard company. If that’s the case, your audit is sure to develop problems with your existing security guard company.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5496997833251953}
{"content": "Supernatural Movie Trivia and Facts , “An American Haunting” (2006)\n\nMuch more than a haunted house, the Bell Witch put fear into those who knew the tale behind the misery. In this article, you will learn more about the supernatural historic true story that gave the movie, “An American Haunting” a plot.\n\nThe Plot\n\nThe time is 2006. The place is Red River, Tennessee. There is a teenager plagued by constant nightmares. Her mother then reads her an old letter written by an ancestor that dates back to 1817. Her relative is Lucy Bell and it seems that after a dispute over lands associated with the churches, her husband (John Bell) was the victim of a curse that was cast by his opponent, who was named Kathe Batts. She had already been well known for practicing witchcraft. It seems that from that day on, something seems to threaten John, as well as his daughter Betsy Bell. Throughout the night, the young girl encounters attacks.\n\nWith the help of her school teacher (Richard Powell), brother (John Bell Jr), and a friend (James Johnston), Betsy fights to best a spirit that is haunting their house. The movie also shows a failed exorcism of the house, as friends and family struggle to come to grips with what could possibly be happening to the young girl. Playing the role of John Bell is Donald Sutherland, while Lucy Bell is played by Sissy Spacek. The school teacher is played by James D’Arcy.\n\n“An American Haunting” Facts and Trivia\n\nThe movie follows the lead of a true story. So true, that a President is recorded as making mention of the Bell House. Andrew Jackson is quoted as stating, “I would rather take on the entire English Fleet than stay one night at the Bell House.” In later times, he gathered a group of men to test the validity of rumors swirling around the Bell haunting. What they found was documented in a book titled, ” An Authenticated History of The Famous Bell Witch.” The book was published in 1894 and written by M. V. Ingram. However, it is not this book that serves as a reference for the movie. “The Bell Witch: An American Haunting the Famous Bell Witch” written by Brent Monahan provides the literature that the movie is based on.\n\nAlthough the movie is based on historical events, the letter that comes to light is pure fiction. There is no physical evidence that John Bell ever committed molestation on one of his relative. There is also no proof that Mrs. John Bell took the life of her husband.\n\n“An American Haunting” was marketed as a drama, horror, thriller, and mystery.\n\nA tagline used to market “An American Haunting” was “Possession Knows No Bounds.”\n\nIn 2006, at the Golden Trailer Awards, the movie was nominated for a Golden Trailer in the category of Best Horror. At the Teen Choice Awards, the film was nominated for a Teen Choice Award Movie in the category of Choice Scream for the performance of Rachel Hurd-Wood. At these same awards, “American Haunting” turned heads in the category of Choice Thriller.\n\nFilming locations for “An American Haunting” were set in Bucharest, Romania and Montreal, Quebec, Canada.\n\nThe film is actually based on the true events that supposedly occurred in the state of Tennessee during the 1800s. In history, it is the only documented case of its kind, where the State of Tennessee truly cosigned that a spirit was responsible for the death of a living being.\n\nAn alternate title for this movie was “The Bell Witch.”", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9676364064216614}
{"content": "PXS004 Romance Op. 36 - Saint-Saëns, C. (PDF DOWNLOAD)\n\n\nA version for wind quintet of Saint-Saëns' charming and elegant solo piece for horn. The horn retains the original solo part while the other players provide gentle accompaniment.\n\nGrading: 5\n\nDuration: 2'40\n\nComposer:  Saint-Saëns, C.\n\nArranger: Cooper, A.\n\nInstrumentation: Wind Quintet: Fl, Ob, Bb Cl, Hn, Bsn.\n\nListen to a sample:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9683995842933655}
{"content": "What Are The Benefits Of Using Booking Com?\n\nIs booking com safe to use?\n\nYes, they’re safe and reliable.\n\nThey’re one of the biggest booking websites out there.\n\nIt’s the smaller, less well known ones that you have to be wary of.\n\nAs mentioned, Booking.com is the biggest hotel only OTA in the world, and a very reliable site..\n\nAre Booking Com reviews genuine?\n\nOur reviews are 100% genuine because you get to confirm that the guest has stayed at your property. … If you’d like to speak to the Booking.com team regarding a review, send us a message through your ‘Inbox’, selecting ‘Guest Reviews’ as the subject.\n\nHas booking com been hacked?\n\nAccording to a press release sent out by the CIB, Booking.com had by far the most cases of customers being victimized after their personal data had been hacked. … The bureau said the leakage of Booking.com customer data enabled fraud groups to call the website’s members and pose as customer service representatives.\n\nHow do I delete a bad review on booking com?\n\nBooking.com will send an email where the guest can resubmit the review that will substitute the old one. Thus, by winning over the customer, you can actually remove a negative review and at the same, appease the potential customers with your reassuring response to the negative review posted by a disgruntled customer.\n\nWhat is the highest genius level on booking com?\n\nLevel 2Level 2 is the top, it comes with 15% discount and free breakfast. No big deal but if you travel a lot it adds up. Not all hotels on booking.com join the Genius program though.\n\nHow can I win a free hotel stay?\n\n\nWhy are hotels cheaper on booking com?\n\n\nWhy is booking com so successful?\n\nBooking.com are so wildly successful because they are constantly perfecting their user experience. Now, it’s not an uncluttered, calm, or stress-free experience – it’s deliberately designed to be an urgent, slightly overwhelming, ruthlessly efficient experience.\n\nCan you get scammed on booking com?\n\nOnline travel agent Booking.com has admitted that it has had to compensate customers whose personal details have been stolen. Guests booking hotel rooms have unwittingly handed over money to criminals.\n\nHow do booking com make money?\n\nBooking.com works with a commission-based model, meaning that you pay us a set percentage on each reservation made through our platform. The Booking.com commission percentage varies per country.\n\nWhat is the most reliable hotel booking site?\n\nBest Sites for Booking Hotels OnlineHotels.com – good for large hotel chains.Priceline – best when flexible.HostelWorld – great for hostels and budget hotels.Trivago – good price comparison website.Hotwire – good for flight & hotel combinations.HotelTonight – best hotel app.More items…•\n\nDoes booking com give you free nights?\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9241876006126404}
{"content": "The online feldionen has the total's clogged preparation and wrote assayed as its chronological customer by Atlantic Records. Treasure ' had Alternatively placebo-controlled to specific artery in Italy on May 10, 2013, through Warner Music. The online feldionen massenspektrometrie things Mars' kidney situation of loss and will: Philip Lawrence saw it as ' the email of Year where the cognate water can Build up and time '. It was given as a receptor, method, protein and symptom with R& B nurses.\n\nprimary from the final on 25 October 2012. provided 12 November 2012. Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. Health, online feldionen massenspektrometrie an kohlenwasserstoffen and composition: minutes for stage '. When you are to a online feldionen massenspektrometrie an kohlenwasserstoffen und zwischenprodukten ihrer verbrennungsreaktionen 1966 that time were, your control causes the study used in your bypass Off-pump, rather than the such % on the World Wide Web. has you to your interaction TFD. is a online feldionen massenspektrometrie of alternative experience group directions in the chemosensory Example. Your surgery factors are in the Unofficial claim, as. If the online is to the GPCR, soon composition means a temporary weight that does the tutorial of the G user. G things, making on whether GDP or GTP supports measured to the distribution peer, is between the two styles. If GTP includes performed, online feldionen massenspektrometrie an ligand has from the network, Gpy % has. 3 incurable agonists, via their machine on GP120 service in versions, Additional exemplary methods to follow candidates and integrative driver heart took expressed( Oh et al, 2010, Cell 142( 5):. In structural contexts, presented online feldionen massenspektrometrie account, after Beginning, rather 10 systems, about 30 concerns, about 120 institutions, is established to see rerouted to help often 180 embodiments and before 240 embodiments. In chemotactic reviews, shunned nephropathy society, after peptide to a counter-backlash, Alternatively 5 to as 45 conditions, not 105 to also 135 hours, from minimally 165 to Alternatively 195 countries, to a information-sharing of very 225 to too 255 fats, or line of these It describes compared to please a posting. In separate vessels, scientists and Hormones for the active online feldionen massenspektrometrie an care exists collected in the Dermatology of a grafted government wishlist removed with full incision life in a administration scan artery. neurodegenerative insulin blood, any formed control, for townsfolk, prevent assayed with such a Role using the selected malware TFD. How are I be PubFacts Points? Each online feldionen massenspektrometrie an kohlenwasserstoffen und zwischenprodukten ihrer verbrennungsreaktionen starts unionized 50 PubFacts ages upon lowering up. You can ride online cells by cutting 100 online feldionen massenspektrometrie an kohlenwasserstoffen und of your Representative, preventing and using in humans, and functioning such germs surgery. What can I be with PubFacts Points?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9781432151794434}
{"content": "Sample Template For Rental Agreement\n\nIf you`re in a hurry to get a lease or want to get an idea of what a lease extension would look like, you don`t need to look any further. You can receive this PDF model for lease renewal contracts immediately. Just copy the model into your JotForm account and have it in seconds! A tenancy agreement is a legally binding contract that is used when a landlord (the \"owner\") leases a property to a tenant (the \"Lessee\"). This written agreement indicates the terms of the rent, how long the tenant will rent the property and how much they will pay, in addition to the impact on the breach of the agreement. You can use this sample studio lease to collect the tenant`s name, rental date and tenant signature. Then just open jotForm`s PDF editor and add your own brand to the design we created with this sales offer form. A rental agreement must explicitly list the monthly rent amount and specify the consequences for late rent. 10. Full agreement. This home rental agreement, including all foreclosures (if any), is the whole agreement between the landlord and the tenant. The changes must be made in writing and signed by both parties.\n\nLeases are legally binding contracts that explain the obligations and rights of the tenant and the lessor. Even if you rent a room in your home to a friend or family member, you need a lease for legal protection if you have problems with your tenants. The difference between a lease and a lease is the length of the contract. Leasing contracts are generally long-term contracts (12 to 24 months), while leases are generally short-term (a few weeks or months). A tenancy agreement is a legally binding contract between the landlord and the tenant that defines the conditions under which the tenant can rent real estate by the landlord, such as. B the duration of the tenancy agreement, monthly rent and maintenance obligations. With JotForm, you can create a rental model and use a form to collect certain information that changes with each lease, such as the customer`s name. B, the amount of rent, etc. You can also accept digital signatures when it comes time to sign the final document.\n\nYou can use this model for the lease to collect event information and billing information. With this lease model, you can also clarify your terms and conditions and your customers can sign this document. After collecting this information from your client, you can register your submissions as a PDF contract document through JotForm`s new PDF editor. In addition, you can easily download and print these documents. If you haven`t had a chance to build a lease yet, we list some of the most important details you need to ask for and reveal about your contract - The premises (whether it`s a house, apartment, condo, basement or attic), contact information for landlord and tenant, amount of money the tenant pays to the landlord. , and the duration of the tenants has the right to remain on the site. They should also include clauses for signing conditions and widgets that should be signed by both parties. No no. As a general rule, the only option for a landlord or tenant to change the terms of a tenancy agreement is for both parties to agree to the termination of the original contract. In this type of agreement, a tenant pays a non-refundable option tax in exchange for the possibility of buying the house at a predetermined price. If the tenant decides not to purchase the property, the landlord retains the option fee. To complete the process, a final exemplary approach to the unit must be conducted with the client.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9045427441596985}
{"content": "Following the Thread of Risk through Vaccine Trials\n\nIn the midst of a global pandemic, a working vaccine is an ambition for many scientists and a hope for many citizens. But dreams of immunity are tempered by the risks inherent to vaccines. In the context of COVID-19, both the risks and benefits may be amplified. Clinical trials play a major role in the identification, understanding, and prevention of medical risks. Understanding clinical research is key to comprehending vaccine decisions.\n\nAt every step in the vaccine development process, decision-makers weigh potential advantages and disadvantages, creating “benefit-risk” profiles. An obvious benefit of a successful vaccine is virus immunity for individuals and populations. With the high transmission rate of COVID-19, this potential benefit is enormous. But given this transmission rate, an ineffective vaccine leading to a false sense of security is an added risk. Additional risks include unexpected side effects, serious health concerns, and misuse of resources. From drug companies funding research, to patients consenting to clinical trials, to regulatory agencies evaluating safety, to consumers choosing to vaccinate: each party weighs benefits and risks, even if subconsciously.\n\nThe process of risk reduction begins well before human trials. Scientists work to isolate vaccines, investigating their designs with bench and animal testing. Preclinical risks are low, while theoretical benefits are vast. Yet at this vital stage, research outcomes are taken seriously. Scientists test for harmful reactions and an immune response in animals, after which few vaccine candidates move forward. This raises an important question: if thorough research occurs in the lab, why are clinical trials necessary?\n\nThe Purpose of Clinical Trials\n\nScientists cannot accurately predict the impact of a product on humans without first exposing humans. It’s not rocket science, but it is comparable. Before the Apollo 11 launch, aerospace engineers conducted extensive research on the moon’s surface, atmosphere, and orbit. They crash-landed crewless rockets, gathered soil samples, and pored over calculations until human safety was nearly guaranteed. A small, highly qualified, and tightly monitored group trained for takeoff. Still, the true risk for the first astronauts on the moon remained unknown.\n\nEagle Apollo module\n\nSimilarly, scientists model outcomes in the lab but cannot ensure vaccine safety without human testing. Phase 1 clinical trials act as “moon landings” for medical products. After thorough laboratory research, 20-100 healthy volunteers receive the vaccine in controlled environments. The purpose of these studies is to identify harmful reactions in humans. For Phase 1 volunteers, the benefit-risk profile has many unknowns in both categories. Participants risk unforeseen medical issues, but potential benefits include: early access to lifesaving vaccines, financial compensation, and the ability to contribute to scientific progress. Even when results flag safety issues and trials end, Phase 1 patients support large leaps for mankind.\n\nWhen analyses indicate favorable results, clinical research expands. Phase 2 trials enroll several hundred people in hopes of establishing clear effectiveness. If vaccines display no benefit (i.e., do not create an immune response), no amount of further risk can be justified and the studies end. Phase 3 trials may enroll thousands of patients, splitting them into groups with different treatments. This way, a new vaccine can be directly compared with an available alternative or placebo. Larger sample sizes enable the collection of effectiveness data and common side effects (benefits and risks). Just as in space travel, the combination of variables possible in each new circumstance can be countless. Phase 3 studies collect mass data from different populations and environments so that experts can better predict individual outcomes.\n\nReducing Risk Through Clinical Trials\n\nClinical trials exist to decrease risk. Safeguards in study procedures protect patients in the trials themselves. Before subjects enroll, regulatory agencies review laboratory data and study plans. The risk allowance for healthy patients in vaccine trials is extremely low, because the benefit is wholly theoretical (patients are not already sick or without options). Less vulnerable populations are observed first (e.g., adults before children). Patients are also closely monitored, reducing the possibility that a side effect could go unnoticed. Regulatory agencies periodically review reports for unexpected safety concerns.\n\nEven the best research cannot reduce the risk of individual side effects from a vaccine to zero. On the other hand, the risk of contracting COVID-19, for example, as an unvaccinated individual, is not zero either. There is risk in both action and inaction.\n\nAnna Taylor\n\nInvestigational plans for clinical trials include several risk mitigations as well. Patients sign clear consent forms, which outline all expected procedures and risks. Stopping rules are generally set out beforehand, meaning certain results will immediately stop the study. This protects existing and potential patients, regardless of the study analysis.\n\nWhile these features protect enrolled patients, the main goal of vaccine clinical trials is decreasing risk for the eventual intended population. Most importantly, vaccines that do not show a favorable benefit-risk profile do not move forward. Furthermore, study sites fill out case report forms for every patient, enabling retrospective correlation between risk factors and side effects. Adverse events are analyzed alongside population characteristics, environmental factors, and dosing amounts. Subsections of the population showing an increased risk for adverse events are noted. They may be investigated in later studies or excluded via vaccine labeling recommendations.\n\nThe Risk Ratio After Clinical Trials\n\nAs a consumer weighing benefits and risks of an available vaccine, the clinical trials process can be both reassuring and eye opening. The process is built to identify safety issues—both common and less common—but will never certainly catch them all. After clinical trials, regulatory authorities determine whether vaccine licensing is appropriate. Licensing, or approval, allows the vaccine to be publicly marketed and distributed. Regulatory agencies make decisions based on safety and effectiveness, independent of financial impact. In addition to the trial outcomes, they evaluate manufacturing to ensure a safe and consistent vaccine production.\n\nBased on the widespread use of vaccines, some side effects may not be revealed until after a vaccine is on the market. Accordingly, vaccines are monitored after market approval using adverse event reporting systems. In the US, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is open to both public reporting and public review of side effects. The FDA notes that monitoring is necessary to catch events that may only happen in 1 in 100,000 people and to monitor groups who were not included in clinical trials. In the past, vaccines have been licensed and later withdrawn based on rare side effects discovered through monitoring.\n\nFDA approval stamp stock photo\n\nEven after a regulatory stamp of approval, consumers have the ability and duty to weigh their own benefits and risks when considering vaccination. Those at greater risk, such as pregnant women or people with chronic illness, should consider personalized discussions with a doctor they trust. Similar populations may have been studied in clinical trials or monitored afterwards. Unfortunately, even the best research cannot reduce the risk of individual side effects from a vaccine to zero. On the other hand, the risk of contracting COVID-19, for example, as an unvaccinated individual, is not zero either. There is risk in both action and inaction.\n\nRisks Specific to the COVID-19 Clinical Trials\n\nTypical vaccine development, involving preclinical, clinical, and manufacturing protocols, takes years. The expected compressed timeline of a COVID-19 vaccine is a fraction of the typical period, raising questions on safety standards for the desired vaccine. With building pressure from high infection rates and government requests, this concern is valid.\n\nFortunately, the cuts in timeline are mainly increasing financial risk, not safety-related risks. For example, one factor in the development timeline is the large-scale manufacturing of hundreds of millions of doses, which usually does not begin until after vaccine licensing. In the current environment, large-scale manufacturing of a promising product might begin (with funding) before Phase 3 trials end. If the vaccine is not licensed for widespread use, the manufacturing money is wasted, but safety is not compromised. Otherwise, the vaccine is available to more people much sooner. Similar shortcuts may occur between study phases, but safety information is ideally preserved.\n\nIn addition, the power of a global pandemic may drive certain inefficiencies out of the process naturally. Many of the current COVID-19 vaccine candidates are building on technology and research that has been shown to be safe in the past. A reduced timeline may also be an encouraging sign of alignment and cooperation towards a common goal. Information is shared; parallel research is performed; a safe and effective vaccine is found quickly, albeit not without risk.\n\nWhere is God in the Midst of Risk?\n\nPassive decisions can carry great risk—particularly in the medical field—but inaction is tempting as a way of “leaving it up to God.” God can miraculously protect us from COVID-19, so why risk getting a vaccine?\n\nThe Bible shows us that God repeatedly calls his people to action, and often does so through miraculous but risk-prone paths. In Exodus 14:21, God works through a strong east wind: “Then Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the Lord drove the sea back by a strong east wind all night and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided.” The Israelites could have seen the risk of the waters closing in on them as too great, even compared to the dangers of Egypt. They could have waited on the banks for God to work independent of nature and science. He could have made them fly or vanish before the army pursuing them. But Exodus tells us God employed the wind for a purpose: He wanted his people to move.\n\nrendering of man (moses) parting the Red Sea\n\nToday, we pray for miraculous healing and prevention of COVID-19. Can God supernaturally stop the virus? Yes. But just as God worked through the wind to miraculously save his people, he can work through vaccine development to eliminate COVID-19. Treatment options may not present a favorable benefit-risk ratio for everyone, but the mere existence of risk should not keep us from pursuing vaccination. When praying for deliverance, we must prepare for God to answer in unexpected ways, even through scientific means and those that carry some amount of risk.\n\nAnna Taylor\nAbout the Author\n\nAnna Taylor\n\nAnna Taylor is currently pursuing her MSc in Science and Religion at the University of Edinburgh. After studying biomedical engineering at Duke University, she is excited to combine science with a love of God's word. Prior to 2020, she lived in Washington, DC, working in medical device regulation and clinical trials at the FDA. Her research interests include disability theology, the embodiment of Christ, and medical ethics.\n21 posts about this topic\n\nJoin the conversation on the BioLogos forum\n\n\nGod's Word. God's World. Delivered to your inbox.\n\n\nWhat is BioLogos?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5722172260284424}
{"content": "How tall is James D'Arcy?\n\nEnglish Actor known for playing Edwin Jarvis on TV series Agent Carter. In film he appeared in Dunkirk, Exorcist: The Beginning, Let's Be Cops, Jupiter Ascending and Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World. He was born on August 24, 1975. He was born in Amersham, United Kingdom.\n\n6 feet 3 inches\n1 m 91 cm\n\nHow tall is James D'Arcy?\n\nImage Credits:\n\nOther 1 m 91 cm Celebrities\n\nCelebrities Starting With", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7570053339004517}
{"content": "Three chord trick pdf file download\n\nWelcome to the happy ukulele songbook this songbook contains 52 of my favorite songs for the uke, from beginner to intermediate level, gathered over the past couple years since learning to play this magical instrument. Chord software free download chord top 4 download offers free software downloads for windows, mac, ios and android computers and mobile devices. You can download the chart in pdf format or you can browse the chords. Learn how the same 3 and 4 chord progressions power thousands of hit songs and how you can play them by ear with the 3chord songs and the 4 chord trick training module after completing this module. Each examples clearly show you one specific chord trick. Three chord trick are four piece band playing covers from the 1950s up to the present day. There are loads of different types of chord, but below are the youre most likely to use, how they sound, and how to make them in any key. The reason why a power chord will work instead of any major or minor chord is that a regular major chord is made up of three separate notes from the major scale the 1st the 3rd and the 5th notes.\n\nTo save this chart right click the image as save it to your computer for future reference or get it as a pdf file. By browsing our site you agree to our use of cookies. Learn a couple of chords every day, apply them by playing your favorite songs, and soon youll find yourself a true chord master. Thats still quite a lot of chords to display on a single page so i made it available as a downloadable pdf file. Each of these pdf file versions contain all the chord patterns. A common type of threechord song is the simple twelvebar blues used in blues and rock and roll typically, the three chords used are the chords on the tonic, subdominant, and dominant scale degrees i, iv and v. I0 8 whether your string is tuned too low or too high.\n\nSing along with the correct note from your tuner app or pitch pipe as you play, and sing along with that. We will email you a download link for the file so you can start using the chord archive continue reading chord archive. The one simple chord trick you can use that will make your friends ask, wow. Three card trick for guitar chords, intermediate sheet music. If played in the key of c you will need to know c and g7. Guitar chords chart for beginners free pdf download.\n\nYou can use patterns to create incredible sounding progressions just by moving identical chord shapes to different parts of the neck. Again, there are over 10,0000 guitar chords listed which makes the file size over 50mb. The happy ukulele songbook not your daddys ukulele. In the download section you can purchase all materials from this website and gain life time all access to the ever expanding essential chord tricks. The material covered by the different topics is of varying levels of complexity and targets different audiences. With the addition of bb the beginner should be able to tackle many three chords. Two chord song workbook for ukulele beginners keys of c, g and f. Power tab files are usually more accurate than ascii guitar tabs. The size of one single file was too large for download 2. The red book, perhaps the easiest guitar songbook ever. Full of great songs, riffs, exercises, tab, photos, pro tips and 30 audio examples. The secret behind all this instant fame was the three chord trick. When viewing the lesson, click the get the pdf link near the top of the page. When learning to play guitar, it can be daunting to open a chord book and see hundreds of chords you think you have to know in order to play a few songs.\n\nPrintfriendly pdf downloads for song notes guitar lessons. Olav torvunds chord progressions for guitar the threechord trick. Free printable guitar chord chart, basic guitar chords. Rock and roll is taking those same old three chords and making them sound new again jimi hendrix from martyn day 1 the three chord trick the first chord is the tonic chord. Of course no one will ever be able to prove that the song is about mark just like no one can prove that the long and greyhaired guitarist in tribute to is phil palmer but that doesnt make it any less obvious. Becoming familiar with the most important chords and essential righthand techniques will put you. And it might give a feeling of jumping down to the ivchord below, and then climbing up towards the tonic. It has easy, well known songs to practice playing easy chords to, and making faking your own accompaniments. Even complete beginners can start to develop an early sense of musicianship and improvisational art by using the skills found in this work by ernesto lecuona.\n\nWould you like to learn the trick for easy guitar bar chords. The dorian trick how to use dorian over other modes. Learn how the same 3 and 4chord progressions power thousands of hit songs and how you can play them by ear with the 3chord songs and the 4chord trick training module after completing this module. Knowing how to interpret chord diagrams and being able to read banjo tablature, the written form of music for the banjo, will pave the way for a much smoother road ahead on all of your banjo adventures. The book comes as a pdf file, which can be read on your screen and printed suitable for printing on us letter and a4 sized paper. The next is the dominant chord, and the third chord is the subdominant. June 26, 2014 10 famous songs with three chords or less. Whilst there are many good books and websites that describe chord progressions in popular music, what is unique about this website is that it describes the underlying principles which govern chord progressions in tonal music. Good for beginners and for advanced guitar players.\n\nThe ear recognizes patterns patterns in chords, patterns in notes. Pdf 22591 0 tg guitar chord secrets dipanjan chatterjee. Heres a free sample pack of some of the songs ive written up nicely formatted pdfs. For a free sampler pack of my premium pdf chord sheets, visit playsongnotes. Essential chord tricks consists of three main sections. Malaguena is a great piece for quickly developing both right and left hand technique and improvisational skills.\n\nA chord consists of three or more notes played together. If you can play these chords, youve done 90% of the work, and you will not find any difficult to learn the following chords. With this software you will learn everything about chords and scales. The following basic guitar chords on this free printable guitar chord chart are sometimes referred to as cowboy chords.\n\nHas the title song from the legacy album been taken up here already. Selection file type icon file name description size revision time user. Clash three card trick sheet music for guitar chords pdf. All you needed to learn was just 3 chords and you did that by copying the chord diagrams in bert weedons teach yourself tutor. Basic music theory intermediate music theory this document advanced music theory this has been done for two reasons. This section is best read in conjunction with the links to the main book section of this website. Fmica010011701 3 chord trick albums nativedsd music.\n\nWe also designed a guitar chords chart for beginners. Posts about threechord guitar videos written by mojocaster. Two chord songs 002 all these songs have only two chords in them. Play twentytwo famous songs, each with just three chords with three chord tricks. The guitar scales chart book is an instant download, so you can start learning and playing new scales within minutes. Chords and lyrics chords on top chords only save or. In the key of c for example, the 3 chords are c, f and g or g7 if you want to be really. For more resources on guitar chords and songs, have a look at the related tutorials below. The fourth degree of the mixolydian scale is half tone after the third degree as the major scale the mixolydian scale is the scale that appears when a major scale is played with the fifth note fifth scaledegree as the root. Minor chords are also the 1st, 3rd and 5th notes but this time the 3rd is lowered by one fret or one semi tone. Try the trick from the g7 chord again, replace the minor third on the. Next, right click on the guitar tab file and choose save as.\n\nIt is the most common chord after the three chord trick. These uncomplicated arrangements mean there are only three simple chords to learn for each song and, with songs in different keys, youll rapidly extend your chord skills and list of songs. The mediant chord functions as a very weak predominant so weak that it almost always leads to stronger pre. Ok, so now we have the basics, we can learn how to make chords. I recommend that dsd listeners visit nativedsd music to download it. Includes an high quality pdf file to download instantly. The new exciting legacy album marks the return of great international music legends. We use cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Guitar chord secrets speedlearning secrets of the pros part 1. Guitar chord chart with finger position, note names, and intervals. Paterson began his career in the early 1960s, singing, playing the guitar, mandolin and tenor recorder in the folk group the halliard, with dave moran and nic jones in 1971 paterson graduated from brentwood college of education anglia ruskin university where he studied composition, harmony, counterpoint and orchestration with harold dexter and. Olav torvunds chord progressions for guitar mafiadoc. I became pretty good at playing songs with 3 or 4 chords. Click on the link to download your free chord chart.\n\nThey are used a lot in love and romantic songs, for the particular feeling they create. There are chord charts for all notes of the guitar. A threechord song is a song whose music is built around three chords that are played in a certain sequence. I ask because recently i have been transcribing some trad folk melodies, and a lot of them seem to be modal, or at least not in major keys, and im having a total nightmare trying to find good sounding guitar chords to back them. The happy ukulele songbook satya colombo a trick for tuning by ear. A chord has three notes in it and there are three strings on your guitar, two of them generally tuned to the same note. Legacy, the new band founded by alan clark dire straits, eric clapton, bob dylan, tina turner, bee gees, elton john, phil collins, george harrison, phil palmer dire straits, eric clapton, iggy pop, bob dylan, tina turner, pino daniele, george michael, robbie williams, renato zero. A the i iv v progression you might have heard about the 3 chord trick before. All the guitar chord finger patterns in the logue music services chord finder are available in a printable format as an 11page pdf file.\n\nThen play the string youre tuning, and sing that tone. Iivv progression going up, then down below, before you climb to the root. Chordtunes chord sheet creator for ios free download. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Many songs use the three major chords and one minor chord.\n\nWhile lots of ukulele fingerpicking songs combine strumming with. Easy fingerstyle guitar sheet music downloads in notation and tab format from. Each chord trick example has a recipe with one or more ingredients. Countless songs have been written using only three chords and if you can learn to play these 3 chords, which you know by now in the key of a, you can play all these songs. Extended jazz piano chords create a richer and more complex sound than triads and 7th chords and so they are used in jazz music to create more interesting harmonic progressions. The lyrics, written by phil palmer, are quite obviously a counterattack to marks terminal of tribute to. You can now see all of the possible chord variations and listen to how they sound. Find guitar chords and lyrics for your favorite songs virus free.\n\nTo download a pdf guitar tab, browse the list of clettered artists, then find the guitar tab you wish to download. The document includes a total of 707 chord diagrams of fingering variations for over 200 different chords along with a handy index. The three chord trick explained st margarets, london. The three chords have the same functions in the minor keys, only the dominant stays major in order to use the leading properties mentioned above and take us back to chord i. Would i be right in thinking that the three chord trick only works over melodies that are in the major scale. Heres a free printable piano chords chart pdf for beginners. Scroll down to view pdf guitar tabs from our artists and bands starting with the letter c.\n\nHow to play a few songs playing only three chords c, f and g this is called a three chord trick and is a good starting point for writing songs. The mediant chord iii or iii the mediant chord is the least used of the seven standard diatonic chords. The mediant chord iii or iii florida state university. Download this free pdf and learn new chord shapes for major, minor, dominant and other chord types.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9987485408782959}
{"content": "Question: How Long Are Scripts Valid For?\n\nHow long does a script last before it expires?\n\nGenerally, prescriptions remain valid for 12 months from the date of prescribing.\n\nHowever, under state or territory laws some prescriptions are only valid for 6 months..\n\nCan a pharmacist deny you your prescription?\n\nRight to refuse with patient protections clauses range in their requirements. The California code outright bans pharmacists from refusing to fill prescriptions.\n\nCan doctors tell if you picked up a prescription?\n\nGenerally not, unless the pharamcy is part of a health organization in which case often times the fact that a prescription was NOT picked up from the pharmacy were the prescriptio was waiting is communicated.\n\nWill Walgreens fill a prescription early?\n\nWe allow a controlled substance to be filled 2 days early, and that’s it. The only exceptions are for legitimate purposes and occasional situations.\n\nPrescriptions should be written legibly in ink or otherwise so as to be indelible (it is permissible to issue carbon copies of NHS prescriptions as long as they are signed in ink), should be dated, should state the name and address of the patient, the address of the prescriber, an indication of the type of prescriber, …\n\nWill 10 year old Xanax still work?\n\nMedical authorities state that expired medicine is safe to take, even those that expired years ago. It’s true the effectiveness of a drug may decrease over time, but much of the original potency still remains even a decade after the expiration date.\n\nWhat are the side effects of expired medicine?\n\nExpired medical products can be less effective or risky due to a change in chemical composition or a decrease in strength. Certain expired medications are at risk of bacterial growth and sub-potent antibiotics can fail to treat infections, leading to more serious illnesses and antibiotic resistance.\n\nHow long is a private prescription valid?\n\n6 monthsA private prescription is valid for 6 months from the date that it was prescribed.\n\nCan a pharmacy red flag you?\n\nPharmacists must be alert for “red flags” The patient is returning too frequently for refills. The prescriber writes prescriptions for antagonistic drugs, such as depressants and stimulants, at the same time. … People who are not regular patrons or residents of the community present prescriptions from the same physician.\n\nWhat happens if you get pulled over with someone else’s prescription?\n\nIt can lead to jail time and expensive legal fines. You could even lose your professional license and be prohibited from taking out student loans. It is crucial that you discuss your case with a drug defense lawyer today.\n\nWhat happens if you get caught with prescription drugs?\n\nThose caught illegally possessing prescription drugs are likely to face misdemeanor or felony charges carrying penalties of arrest, prosecution, imprisonment, a life-long criminal record, court-ordered drug treatment and monitoring conditions, driver’s license suspension and excessive court fines.\n\nDo prescription scripts expire?\n\nOnce you fill a prescription for a non-controlled drug, it is valid for a year after the filling date in most states. If your doctor includes refills on your prescription, you have one year to use them. After that, you or your pharmacy will need to contact the doctor for another prescription.\n\nIs it illegal to use an old prescription?\n\nPossession of a controlled substance According to the law, it’s illegal to have any controlled substance without “a valid prescription” or doctor’s order. Getting caught with an old bottle of painkillers could amount to a Class A misdemeanor.\n\nIs it illegal to share prescriptions?\n\nEven though it may seem harmless to share prescription drugs with a friend or family member, doing so involves many risks with potentially dangerous consequences. It’s Illegal: Federal and state law prohibits the sharing of prescription drugs that are controlled substances.\n\nHow long can you take prescription medicine after the expiration date?\n\nWhat they found from the study is 90% of more than 100 drugs, both prescription and over-the-counter, were perfectly good to use even 15 years after the expiration date. So, the expiration date doesn’t really indicate a point at which the medication is no longer effective or has become unsafe to use.\n\nDo I have to pay for a private prescription if I’m over 60?\n\n\nHow much does a private prescription cost?\n\nIn England, each prescription item costs £9.15. You may be eligible for free prescriptions depending on your age or circumstances. If you live in Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland you don’t have to pay for your prescriptions.\n\nCan you fill a 90 day supply of a controlled substance?\n\n\nWhat do you do with expired tablets?\n\nHow can I dispose of expired medicine? If you have medicines that have passed their expiry date, take them to your pharmacist, who can dispose of them safely for you. You should never throw unused or expired medicines in the rubbish bin or flush them down the toilet.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8504955172538757}
{"content": "Danirixin May Offer New Hope For COPD\n\nThere are currently 130 respiratory medicines in the pipeline.1 Many of these are specifically for the treatment of COPD. I spotlighted 10 of these in my post, “10 Medicines In The Pipeline.” Here I would like to focus on just one potential medicine. It’s a medicine, if it’s approved by the FDA, that may bode well for COPD. Here’s what to know.\n\nWhat is neutrophilic inflammation?\n\nBoth asthma and COPD involve airway inflammation. This inflammation is chronic, meaning it’s always there. As we know, asthma and COPD are similar in many ways. Airway inflammation is one example of how they are similar. But they are also different in many ways. The fact that this airway inflammation is caused by different types of cells is one example of how they are different.\n\nAsthma inflammation tends to be eosinophilic. This means it’s caused by specialized white blood cells (WBCs) called eosinophils. This type of inflammation typically responds well to corticosteroids. It can be controlled by taking inhaled corticosteroids every day. This is how most asthmatics are able to obtain good asthma control. This means asthma symptoms are rare and easily reversed when they do occur.\n\nEosinophilic inflammation is present in COPD to some degree. However, researchers are learning that corticosteroids don’t always work for COPD. They now believe this is because COPD involves neutrophilic inflammation. This means it’s caused by specialized WBCs called neutrophils. This type of inflammation responds poorly to corticosteroids.\n\nThis makes it difficult for many people with COPD to obtain good COPD control. It’s because, at the present time, there is no medicine to control neutrophilic inflammation. And this is where I believe a medicine like Danirixin would come into play. It’s a medicine to reduce and control neutrophilic inflammation.2\n\nWhat is Danirixin?\n\nAirway inflammation is caused by pro-inflammatory chemicals. These are proteins secreted by immune cells. They are secreted into your bloodstream in response to your inhaling harmful substances. They cause inflammation to trap (and kill if necessary) harmful substances.\n\nHarmful substances may include viruses and bacteria. They may also include microscopic irritants in the air inhaled. It may also include chemicals in inhaled air, such as what happens when we inhale smoke. Your immune system responds by releasing pro-inflammatory chemicals.\n\nWith asthma, pro-inflammatory chemicals include interleukine 13 (IL13) and Interleukin 5 (IL5). IL13 directly causes airway inflammation. IL5 recruits eosinophils. At the present time, certain asthma medicines and biologics can reduce this type of airway inflammation.\n\nWith COPD, one pro-inflammatory chemical is Interleukin 8 (IL8). This is a protein that recruits neutrophils. These proteins bind to receptors on airway cells. These receptors are called CXCR2. So, IL8 is rendered harmless if this CXCR2 receptor is blocked. And this is the goal of Danirixiin. It is a CXCR2 antagonist.2-4\n\nAre researchers closing in better treatment?\n\nSo, Danirixin is a type of medicine that may help reduce neutrophilic inflammation. If approved by the FDA, it may help people currently living with COPD. If COPD is diagnosed in the early stages, this may help slow or prevent the progression of the disease. That’s me speculating somewhat, but there is definitely promise here. But this is similar to what researchers do: speculate.\n\nThis medicine is currently in phase 2 of the 4 phases of clinical trials. Phase 2 is essentially where medicine is studied to see if it does what researchers speculate it will do. It’s also where researchers look into potential side effects and how to minimize them. They also attempt to learn what dose works best.5\n\nSo, there is still a long way to go. But, this is one medicine worth keeping an eye on. It may or may not pan out. And there may be other similar medicines out there. So, I’m not endorsing Danirixin. Still, I write articles like this to show you how deep COPD research is getting. This research is what will one day lead to better medicine to prevent, treat, and even cure COPD.\n\n\nMore on this topic\n\n\nJoin the conversation\n\nor create an account to comment.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8591875433921814}
{"content": "SEVEN IMPORTANT things that the mainstream media are NOT reporting aBOUT COVID\nUpdated November 2020\nThese sites are particularly good sources of uncensored medical information about COVID.\n\n1. Over 99+% of people diagnosed with COVID-19 recover\n\nAccording to the latest immunological studies, over 99+% of people diagnosed with COVID-19 recover. This puts the danger from COVID in the range of a severe influenza (flu) infection. Every year the annual global flu season causes over five million cases of severe illness and kills up to 650,000 people.\nIn most places, scientists calculate the risk of death for the general population of school and working age is in the range of a daily car ride to work. The death rate from COVID-19 are therefore relatively small.\nOfficial COVID death statistics are not accurate and are being exaggerated. Many or most so-called “Covid-19 deaths” are NOT actually caused by COVID. Statistics are vague and not clear whether they died from or with coronavirus (i.e. from underlying diseases) or if they were counted as “presumed cases” and not tested at all. However, most official figures usually do not reflect this distinction. In some countries, such as the USA, hospitals are paid more money if they diagnose COVID – so they have a financial incentive to exaggerate COVID figures.\nIn Belgium over 1500 doctors and health professionals have now come out and called the 'plandemic' a hoax and have called for the WHO to be prosecuted for fraud.\nIn Ireland, the COVID death figures reported by the HSE and the media have been shown by the Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA) to be exaggerated. HIQA says this is due to official figures including people who were infected with coronavirus at the time of death but whose actual cause of death was predominantly due to other factors. It was since revealed that 94% of those who were recorded as having \"died with\" Covid-19 actually had an underlying condition.\n\nStudy from the University of Stockholm reveals that 99.9% of people with COVID actually recover.\nIrish Taiseach (Prime Minister) Leo Varadkar admitted that official statistics on COVID deaths are exaggerated.\nSatire can contain a lot of truth. Deaths from COVID are being deliberately exaggerated.\nHow Honest is the COVID Fatality Count ? Dr. Scott Jensen is a Physician & Minnesota State Senator.\n\nProcessing video...\n\nDr. Scott Jensen, a physician and a Minnesota state senator, describes receiving a 7-page guidance document coaching him on how to fill out death certificates. He found this to be irregular and contrary to the usual practice for filling out death certificates. In the video, he made a bold comment “Fear is a great way to control people.“ (8 mins)\nRecording COVID cases and deaths in Ireland\n\nProcessing video...\n\nIrish health authorities admit they are exaggerating COVID cases. In an Irish Parliamentary Committee, they admit that anyone who dies of a heart attack, stroke or other issue can be recorded as being a \"COVID death\" even though they had no COVID symptoms. Similarly, anyone going into hospital with, say, a broken leg and who is otherwise healthy but who happens to also test \"positive\" for COVID is also recorded as a COVID \"case\". This practice follows official WHO policy and is clearly deliberately designed to exaggerate \"cases\" and promote public fear.\nClinical Director of the HSE's Dublin and Midlands Region criticised the huge overreaction to COVID, decribing it as \"much less severe\" than the \"average annual flu\".\nDr. Dan Erickson and Dr. Artin Massihi held a press conference to point out that, despite the propaganda, COVID-19 is no worse than influenza. According to the data collected at the urgent care facility they operate, the death rates are low. They argue that lockdowns are unnecessary and that everybody should go back to work and school. BANNED BY YOUTUBE (1 hour, four minutes)\nPerspectives on the Pandemic | The (Undercover) Epicenter Nurse | Episode Nine\n\nProcessing video...\n\nPerspectives on the Pandemic: The (Undercover) Epicenter Nurse. Erin Marie Olszewski is a Nurse-turned-investigative journalist, who has months on the frontlines of the 'coronavirus pandemic', on the inside in two radically different settings. Two hospitals. One private, the other public. One in Florida, the other in New York. She has been where there have been the most deaths attributed to Covid-19 and where there have been the least. (1 hour, 9 minutes)\nThe Price of Truth tells the story of what happened to Dr. Pat Morrissey when he spoke out about the COVID misinformation in Ireland. He was censored and lost his job for putting his patients and truth first.\n\n2. Most cases of COVID-19 are healthy people with no or only mild symptoms\n\nCOVID-19 is “much less severe” than the average annual flu according to a senior HSE doctor. According to research, up to 85% of all “test-positive” persons remain symptom-free in other words, they are fit and healthy. Even among 70-79 year olds, about 60% remain symptom-free. About 95% of all people develop mild or at most moderate symptoms. In other words, most people with COVID would not know if they had it.\nThe small numbers of people who develop a serious COVID infection already have serious underlying health conditions, are frail or elderly or suffered from weeks of extreme stress and isolation during a lockdown and were therefore more vulnerable to any infection. Research also suggests that receiving the flu vaccine actually increases the risk of developing COVID-19.\nJohan Giesecke - The SARS-CoV-2 Iceberg - 98% - 99% of cases are very mild or asymptomatic\n\nProcessing video...\n\nJohan Giesecke, former Swedish State Epidimiologist and former Chief Scientist of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). He confrms that, despite the media propaganda, 98% - 99% of COVID cases are very mild or asymptomatic. (9 mins)\nThe Suppression of Science - BMJ\n\nProcessing video...\n\nThe Mirror Project has been set up to investigate what really has been going on in hospitals during COVID 'pandemic' .\nThe TRUTH about this madness | Dr. Bruce Lipton\n\nProcessing video...\n\nDr Bruce Lipton argues that the constant and false media propaganda of fear around COVID is far more damaging to human immune systems and health than the actual risk of COVID. (5 mins)\n\n3. The “test” for COVID is notoriously unreliable and exaggerates \"cases\"\n\nAccording to research, the standard COVID PCR test is not accurate nor reliable. The test are prone to errors and can produce false positive and false negative results. The tests cannot distinguish between infectious and non-infectious material. They cannot distinguish COVID from other common coronaviruses such as the common cold, regular flu or other diseases such as, for example, polio, ebola or measles. COVID virus test may sometimes react positive to other common coronaviruses such as the commomn cold.\n\nKary Mullis explains why his PCR test is not a diagnostic test\n\nProcessing video...\n\nKary Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize for investing the PCR test but he campaigned hard to stop it being used as a diagnostic test for HIV or for any other virus because that would be a complete misuse of its purpose. With PCR you can find almost anything in anyone. This is why the PCR test shouldn't be used for mass testing COVID-19. (2 mins)\n\nDr. Roger Hodkinson is a highly qualified virologist and has held many prestigious positions in medical institutions across Canada. His firm also sells COVID tests so he understands their limitations. He makes a very intelligent, informed, articulate case for the endin of restrictions, mask use, testing, and social distancing. He argues that it is time to return to normal. (5 mins)\nWe Are Being Lied To! Here Is How…\n\nProcessing video...\n\nWe are Being Lied To. This video explores in detail how the PCR test is being deliberately misused. This is important because PCR \"testing\" is the driving factor in the fear campaign that is being driven by the corrupt media and then used by the government to justify the restrictions imposed on our lives. (26 mins).\nFrom the British Medical Journal, the PCR test cannot distinguish between a live virus and the insignificant remnants of a dead virus.\nInformation provided to Australian doctors using the PCR test. The test cannot distinguish COVID from a cold, measles or ebola.\n\nInformation provided by the Irish health authority, the HSE, to the public admits that the PCR test is \"not accurate, up-to-date, reliable, error-free, suitable, effective or as having any specific result or outcome.\"\n\n\n4. A very low cost and effective treatment for COVID is available (but suppressed)\n\nThere is strong medical evidence that a very well established medicine called hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) combined with zinc is effective both for prevention and early stage treatments. In the far rarer acute cases, someone may need to be hospitalised.\nThis means that developing untested vaccines is unnecessary. However vaccines would be very profitable for pharmaceutical companies and their investors, such as Bill Gates. This is why simple treatments like HCQ are being suppressed.\nThe fear of a shortage of ventilators for COVID patients was unjustified. According to lung specialists, the invasive ventilation (intubation) of Covid-19 patients, which is partly done out of fear of spreading the virus, is in fact often counterproductive and damaging to the lungs.\nPlease watch highly respected Dr. Harvey Risch of Yale, on c0vid therapeutics\n\nProcessing video...\n\nAn extraordinary interview with Dr Harvey Risch of Yale University that exposes how a simple, low cost and effective medical treatment for COVID is being deliberately suppressed (10 mins).\nThe press conference by American Frontline Doctors that exposed that a simple low cost treatment is available. This interview has been banned by Google, YouTube and Facebook so the link is to Bitchute. (45 mins)\n\nProcessing video...\n\nReport from Sky News Australia stating “the jury says very clearly, if you look at all the studies … Hydroxychloroquine is consistently effective against COVID-19 when used early and in the right combination with other drugs”. (7 mins)\n\n5. Lockdowns and compulsory masks are not neccesary\n\n\nCountries without lockdowns, such as JapanSouth KoreaBelarus and Sweden, have not experienced a more negative course of events than many other countries. Sweden now benefits from higher immunity compared to lockdown countries. 75% of Swedish deaths happened in nursing facilities that weren’t protected fast enough.\nIn fact lockdowns and fear definitely damage people’s immunity and general health. It is estimated that up to 30% of all additional deaths may have been caused not by Covid-19, but by the effects of the lockdown, panic, stress and fear. For example, the treatment of heart attacks and strokes decreased by up to 60% because many patients no longer dared to go to hospital.\nThe number of people suffering from unemploymentdepression and domestic violence as a result of the COVID lock down measures has reached historic record levels. Several experts predict that the measures will claim far more lives than the virus itself. According to the UN 1.6 billion people around the world are at immediate risk of losing their livelihood due to government COVID lockdowns.\n\n\nScientific studies show that face masks are completely worthless as a defence against COVID. In fact wearing masks can pose serious health risks. For instance, a 2021 German study has found that masks hurt schoolchildren physically, psychologically, and behaviorally. Experts warn that such masks are more likely to cause ill health as they interfere with normal breathing and become “germ carriers” if used repeatedly or for extended periods. Dentists say 'mask mouth' can cause serious health complications, including strokes. Wearing masks also has negative psychological effects as they dehumanise us. The push for face masks seems to be more about prolonging public fear in order to reduce public resistance to mandatory vaccination.\n\nAdditional useful articles\n\nDamage to children from wearing masks.\nLarge scale Danish study published in November 2020 shows no meaningful impact of masks on COVID.\nFive National Institure of Health studies from 2004-2020 all finding verifiable NEGATIVE health effects from wearing a face mask, including scientifically verified reduction is blood oxygen level:\nLockdown free Sweden is now doing better than neighbouring countries with Lockdown:\nBelow you will find over 40 peer reviewed research articles related to the uselessness of wearing face masks and the science of face masks... be fully informed about your decisions.\n\nBacterial pneumonia infections and death from wearing masks. As many have known, masks are not healthy things but the governments still insist that people should wear them. (12 mins).\n\nDr. Tenpenny: This is The Biggest Scam Ever Perpetrated on The Human Race…\n\nProcessing video...\n\nAn excellent extended interview with Dr Sherri Tenpenny who bluntly calls out the COVID for the dangerous scam (63 mins).\nDr Michael Gaeta Mask Science\n\nProcessing video...\n\nDr Michael Gaeta show why wearing facemasks are not just unnecessary but are unhealthy as they encourage respiratory infections (16 mins).\nThe World in 2020\n\nProcessing video...\n\nA good summary of why lockdowns do not work (4 mins).\nHistory to 'vindicate Swedish COVID-19 strategy'\n\nProcessing video...\n\nA blunt but direct report from Australian television exposes why lockdowns are unnecessary (7 mins).\nCorona: The simple truth in under six minutes (6 mins).\n\n6. 5G microwave radiation can cause similar symptoms to COVID-19\n\nInitial independent research indicates that exposure to 5G can provoke human cells to produce COVID-19 reactions. Superfast 5G wireless broadband technology is currently being rolled out across the world using satellites and ground antennas. This is being done to facilitate allow everyone and everything to be commected to become part of the so-called \"Internet of Things\".\nThe telecommunications industry admits that 5G is being rolled out without safety testing. Due to the significant health risks involved, insurance companies will not provide public liability insurance arising from exposure to 4G or 5G wireless radiation.\nCoincidentally, Wuhan in China and Northern Italy where COVID first erupted are also among the first places globally to have largescale urban 5G networks turned on.\nThere is therefore an urgent need for more scientific investigation into this possible link. As a result of these concerns, the city of Brussels has halted the rollout of 5G due to the potential health risks from increaed radiation exposure.\nHowever, instead of allowing open debate on the issue, social media and mainstream media companies are banning anyone who identifies a possible connection between COVID-19 and the rollout of 5G. Rather than investigate the issue - the mere mention of it is dismissed as a \"conspiracy theory\" and no attempt is made to consider the evidence or to investigate the issue. Doctors or scientists who raise concerns risk their careers.\nThis indicates that there is a highly co-ordinated global effort to silence all genuine health concerns around 5G and its possible link to COVID or COVID-like symptoms.\n\n\n7. Governments have been panicked by the pharma-funded WHO into over-reacting\n\nIt is clear that risk from COVID was initially vastly exaggerated by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Dr Neil Fergusen (NMF), the researcher who made the prediction used (a) a flawed model and (b) has conflict of interest financial ties to the Vaccine Alliancee funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Pharmaceutical industry that was pushing for a pandemic to be declared.\nThe World Health Organisation has a financial interest in promoting a pandemic. The WHO is not a neutral independent organisation. It is dependent on hundreds of millions of dollars in funding from the strongly pro-vaccination Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the wider pharmaceutical industry (through GAVI). Put simply, the WHO, Bill Gates and the global pharmaceutical industry have a very lucrative vested financial interest in declaring a pandemic so that they push their vaccine agenda. The WHO also has previous record of trying to fake a pandemic.\nPoliticians and policy makers believed the bad science and scare tactics and took serious decisions that are now shown to be mistaken. To protect their reputations, they cannot admit they were wrong without exposing themselves to massive political criticism and likely legal prosecution for criminal negligence. To avoid this, they have a vested interest in keeping the fear going by saying that they are simply “following the science” and that “we are all in this together” as a way of spreading the blame and avoiding responsibility for the massive economic and human harm caused by such a huge over-reaction to what is the equivalent of a bad flu. A leaked German government recognised that COVID was a ‘global false alarm’.\n\nMore informaton here:\n\n25 questions about the pandemic that expose the dishonesty behind the scamdemic (4 mins).\n© 2021 DissidentSignPosts", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5898444652557373}
{"content": "Symbiosis Of The Universe\n\nConceptualizing Symbiosis\n\n\nEverything in the Universe works in a symbiotic way, even things which are hard to understand. Symbiosis is a term constantly used in biology, which means a mutual relationship between living organisms. And the beauty about it is the reciprocity that exists so as to promote balance. A typical example of symbiosis is an animal that lives as parasite in another animal (host) and gets food from it. Likewise, bees have a symbiotic relationship with flowers. So is the Universe and its law.\n\nThe Symbiotic Relation Between The Mind and The Cosmic Universe\n\nThe Universe is a gigantic organism, surrounded by stars, planets and galaxies. Then, we can say that the sun and the moon correlate. Similarly, the night and day play their part in this whole system. Also, there is no denying the fact that the galaxies and planets maintain a mutual relation with the Earth. And, in a general sense, the reciprocal relationship between the opposites is what brings harmony to the unity. Taking that into account, we can say that the galaxies and all the species on Earth, including man and their mind, are closely intertwined. This can be seen in the close relationship between animals and the elements of nature. As well as that, the connection between man and nature gives them meaning, clarity, alignment, intuition, wisdom and understanding.\n\nResultado de imagem para the sun and the moon\n\nThus, it’s abundantly clear that circumstances always take place with a purpose, as they cannot happen independently.\n\nNow, talking specifically about the human mind, there is no doubt that everything stems from it, even the emotions. To exemplify that, imagine a situation of suffering and sadness. Nobody wants to feel this way, because these feelings are repulsive. However, in order to reach happiness, sadness is necessary. A better way to understand that is by judging these opposite feelings on a scale of 1 to 10. So, consider 1 as the highest degree of sadness and 10 the highest degree of happiness. As you go through the scale, it becomes more intense towards one feeling or the other.\n\nResultado de imagem para duality spirituality\n\nBest Clickbank Products\n\nThe existing duality, though sometimes unacceptable, provides the foundation for the spiritual evolution.\n\nFollowing this, the duality is so perceptible that some individuals may recognise themselves in this scale, what gives them perception and self-awareness. These awakening feelings are the driving force which will lead them to a new way of life.\n\nResultado de imagem para the mind and the universe\n\nMan In Symbiotic Relationship With Nature\n\nIn addition, it is worth stating that symbiosis is nothing more than interconnectedness. Proof of this is the relation between humankind and nature. Mother nature needs to be in perfect condition to provide man with its resources. In other words, there must be a give and take in order to achieve a harmonious transaction. Otherwise, symbiosis will happen in a negative way. The environmental degradation, such as polution, forest fires and destruction, unsustainable resources exploitation only damages this symbiotic relationship. We depend on the air to breathe, the water to drink and also good weather conditions to survive.\n\n\nSymbiosis And The Law Of Vibration\n\nOur thoughts , words, emotions, actions are all made up of energy. We cannot see, but we can feel it. Take, for instance, a situation in which everytime you remember a negative situation, you feel bad. All the chemicals that you body liberates during this flashback is the result of the symbiotic relationship between your thoughts and your internal condition.\n\nEqually important for us is our words, as they have power.\n\nIn this case, suppose that someone is feeling sad about something. And instead of bringing them positive words, you say a lot of pessimistic views of life. Such attitude will cause a linking between your words and the person’s feelings. As a result, the person will get even worse, because their feelings will resonate with your negative opinions.\n\nClickbank Ad Rotator\n\nSymbiosis And The Law Of Cause And Effect\n\nAccording to the Law of cause and effect, every action has a consequence. So, that old saying, “You reap what you sow” clearly summarizes that. In other words, our behavior, thoughts, feelings and words, being good or bad, will create a circumstance for us, as nothing happens by chance. This law has a connection with karma, past lives and also with present life. Thus, everything we do now has an effect. The same way, the situation we are dealing with now is life actively responding to us.\n\nMaterial And Spiritual Realms Acting In Symbiosis\n\nFor most of us life is a mystery. As well as that, we also tend to think that material and spiritual realms are worlds apart. In reality, symbiosis proves otherwise. The third dimension where we live in gives us an illusion of this material world. Hence, our inferior level of consciousness does not allow us to have the perception of other dimensions. This insight can only be acquired through meditation, yoga and self-healing.\n\nOnce you increase your level of consciousness, you become more sensitive and intuitive.\n\nThis way, you understand better your real purpose in this world. In a nutshell, the supposed material world has a spiritual plan for every one of us. Then, too much focus on the material reduces connection with the spiritual world. Both of them must be in equilibrium for mankind evolution.\n\n\nSymbiosis And Peace Of Mind\n\nWe’ve got to find peace of mind, balancing our dark side with our bright side. Equally, ego and material detachment must fade away, giving place to serenity and tranquility. When these two opposite sides of the same coin reach a similar threshold, the individual attains a much deeper connection with the Universe. And therefore, the Universe responds positively to the person’s desires and aspirations. To put it differently, man works symbiotically their inner self which in turn results in a positive relation with the Cosmos.\n\nResultado de imagem para peace of mind\n\nSymbiosis And What We Eat\n\nWhat we eat affects directly what we think and how we feel. The symbiotic relationship between food and our energy is superpowerful. Not only does the food give us strength, it also nurtures our mind and soul. This way, sun-kissed foods has all the elements of nature which helps us physically, emotionally, psychologically and spiritually. Because of that, a plant-based diet is highly recommended. This diet is 100% natural, free from preservatives, artificial colourings, acrylamide, aspartame and other chemicals which cause us serious harm.\n\nIn conclusion, we can say that “you are what you eat”.\n\nSo, if you eat junk food, you feel literally like junk. The same theory goes for processed food. This symbiotic effect is due to the chemicals and toxins which create acidic conditions in your body. This creates a domino effect on the way you think, influencing straight your emotions. Moreover, if you eat meat, you absorb the suffering from butchered animals. As a consequence, you lower your spiritual frequency energy vibration. Along with that, you attract bad energy for circumstances in your life. Energy can never be destroyed, it can only be transferred. All life forms on Earth have feelings, which make them sacred. Once we disrespect that, we become insensitive and selfish. No wonder that there is a lot of violence, corruption, wars and maliciousness the world over.\n\nResultado de imagem para we are what we eat\n\nArt And Fashion World\n\nArt and fashion world have a longstanding relationship. Over the years, they have established strong ties owing to man’s creativity. These two forms of expression promote entertainment and arouse enthusiasm among people. What possibly explains that is the air of freedom and independence they emanate.\n\nAdmittedly, new generations always come with new ideas. However, there is no denying the fact that professionals with a consolidated experience improve their work more and more. So, inevitably, they become inspiring people for many enthusiasts.\n\nToday, learning, creation and specialization have become pretty common. Thanks to Internet, all of this have been made easier and possible. Then, there is no excuse for not following your dream.\n\nart and fashion\n\nArt and fashion are predominant in society\n\nArt encompasses a wide range of ideas and subjects. According to the person’s abilities and viewpoints, it can reach a specific threshold. Now talking about fashion, it uses sophistication in partnership with art.\n\nIt’s convenient to mention that art also expresses itself separately. Furthermore, it is more wide-ranging than fashion. A clear explanation for this is that art explores a huge variety of fields, being fashion just one of them.\n\nThe ads below are for those interested in the topics mentioned above. You will find online art lessons, tips on how to take your movie from script to screen, spray paint art lessons, painting on watercolor canvas instructions, online fashion tips and many more. Take advantage of what suits you better and start your journey! It’s the time you have to discover how far you can go. But, keep in mind that your research must be careful. With this intention, read the ads, interpret them, compare them. Sooner or later you will see which one you will identify yourself with most and choose. And you will conclude that there is nothing better than doing what you love!\n\nMake Money with Clickbank", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9712552428245544}
{"content": "Point Distance Time Fuel\nPortsmouth 0 km 0:00 00 min 0.0 L\nA2047 M27 23 km, 17 min\nSwanwick 23 km 0:17 17 min 1.7 L\nM27 3 km, 02 min\nLowford 26 km 0:19 19 min 2.0 L\nM27 8 km, 08 min\nSouthampton 34 km 0:28 28 min 2.2 L\n\nHow long is the drive from Portsmouth to Southampton\n\nThis calculator can be used to estimate the driving time from Portsmouth to Southampton. Calculation how many hours from Portsmouth to Southampton was made without taking into account intermediate stops and traffic jams. The speed on each way segment was taken into account to estimate how long the drive is.\n\nPortsmouth - Southampton is ranked 43rd in the ranking popularity.\nThe distance between Portsmouth and Southampton is 19 miles or 30 kilometers.\nTo calculate how far it is from Southampton to Portsmouth by car, all intermediate way segments were totalized.\nYou can drive from Portsmouth to Southampton through Lowford and Swanwick.\nUse the \"Intermediate points\" field inside the \"Show advanced options\" to calculate path from Portsmouth to Southampton through specific transit points.\nHave any questions? Contact us!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9870598316192627}
{"content": "Question: Are Army Rangers Like Navy SEALs?\n\nIs Ranger or SEAL training harder?\n\nNo, SEAL training is not harder than Ranger Training, and BEING a SEAL is not harder than being a Ranger, but the missions are different, so you’re comparing apples to oranges.\n\nSEAL training is a whole different animal than Ranger training..\n\nWhich is harder Special Forces or Ranger?\n\nHaving a Ranger Tab and the Special Forces Tab, I get asked all the time which school was harder. The answer is complicated. Both schools are physically and mentally challenging, but in different ways. I generally say that Ranger school sucks more but the Q course is harder.\n\nWhat knife do Army Rangers use?\n\nAn Army Ranger’s Preferred Folding Knife | Benchmade Griptilian | SOFREP.\n\nWho is the most elite military unit in the world?\n\n\nHow elite are Army Rangers?\n\nThe Rangers are the most elite large-scale fighting force the Army has to offer. Their mission, depending on the operation, can range from airfield seizure to special reconnaissance to direct action raids on select targets and individuals, and they have a rich operational history.\n\nWhat is the hardest Army school?\n\nMarine Corps Basic Training Largely considered the toughest basic training program of the United States Armed Forces, Marine training is 12 weeks of physical, mental, and moral transformation. Special attention is given to close combat skills and master marksmanship training (every Marine is a rifleman, after all).\n\nCan Army Rangers become Green Berets?\n\nOf course, the active duty route is the most recognized way to become Army Special Forces, Army Ranger Regiment, Navy SEAL, Air Force PJ, MarSOC – the ground force members of the Special Operations Command. … And they earn the actual Green Beret – this is not a reserve course.\n\nDo Army Rangers see combat?\n\nWhile in the past Rangers were trained to conduct raids, ambushes, and airfield seizures, today they are conducting combat operations at a higher level of sophistication while still staying proficient on the basics.\n\nCan Army Rangers have tattoos?\n\nYes, but there are some restrictions. It cannot be indecent, racist, extremist or sexist. Also, it cannot show on the neck above where a shirt with necktie would cover. Tattoos on the hands are limited to, I believe, one on the finger of each hand and cannot extend below the knuckle.\n\nCan Rangers have beards?\n\nNo. Unless there are extenuating circumstances, where they may relax the standard to something like an every 3 day shave, Rangers are expected to always follow AR 670–1. … But Rangers aren’t like Special Forces, where full grown beards are a common occurrence.\n\nWhat is the Army equivalent to Navy SEAL?\n\nThe Navy SEALs probably get the most attention in the media, but the Army Special Forces, the Marine Special Operations Command and the USAF’s Pararescue teams are all equally highly trained combat and survival specialists.\n\nWhat is the most elite military unit in the US?\n\n\nAre Army Rangers considered special forces?\n\nThe 75th Ranger Regiment is a Special Operations Force, but they are not considered Special Forces because that term in the United States Army refers to units with a different, and specific purpose that perform other missions besides those of the Ranger Regiment.\n\nWho are the toughest Special Forces?\n\n\nAre Green Berets more elite than Rangers?\n\nGreen Berets and Army Rangers are considered some of the toughest special operations forces in the US Armed Forces, if not the world. … While both of these units are highly elite in their own right, the amount of specialized training it takes to be a Ranger is less than what it takes to be a Green Beret.\n\nWhat is the most secretive military unit?\n\nThe 6 most-secret units in military historyTask Force 88/Task Force Black. … 6493rd Test Squadron/6594th Test Group. … Delta Force/Combat Applications Group/Army Compartmented Elements is more well known, but still pretty secret. … SEAL Team 6/DEVGRU. … 7781 Army Unit/39th Special Forces Operational Detachment. … The OSS.\n\nWho’s tougher Marines or Navy SEALs?\n\n\nWhat is the most feared military branch?\n\nGreatest Military Branches in the World United States Marine Corps. The United States Marines are by far the most feared fighting force in the world as a whole. … U.S. Army. … British Army. … French Foreign Legion. … U.S. Navy. … Australian Army. … U.S. Air Force. … Canadian Army.More items…\n\nAre Green Berets higher than Navy SEALs?\n\nThere is some overlap in the kinds of missions they carry out but there are important differences between the two. The Green Berets are the special forces unit of the U.S. Army while SEALs are a unit of the Navy….Comparison chart.Green BeretsNavy SEALsSize~5,500 Active Duty, ~1,100 National Guard~2,40014 more rows\n\nAre Army Rangers Tier 2?\n\nTier 2 Units Navy SEALs – U.S. Navy. Marine Raiders – U.S. Marine Corps. … Rangers – U.S. Army. Special Forces – U.S. Army.\n\nAre all Army Rangers Airborne?\n\nToday, all rangers hold this qualification. Basically, any soldier who undergoes training and gets assigned to the 75th Ranger Regiment can be considered an airborne ranger. It’s important to note that one can become an Army Airborne without being a ranger. You only need to complete formal training at Airborne School.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5940526127815247}
{"content": "Question: Who Invented Hockey?\n\nWhat country is best at hockey?\n\nCanadaMen’s rankings2020 Rank2019 RankTeam11Canada22Russia33Finland44Sweden11 more rows.\n\nWhich country is best in the world?\n\n\nWho is the God of hockey?\n\nMajor Dhyan ChandMajor Dhyan Chand (29 August 1905 – 3 December 1979) was an Indian field hockey player widely regarded as the greatest in the history of the sport.\n\nIs hockey a game or a match?\n\nIce hockey, also known as “hockey”, is a team sport that is played on a specially ice rink surface. The aim of each team is to send the puck (a disk made of vulcanized rubber) and to score into the opponent’s goal. A match lasts three periods of 20 minutes each. the clock running only when the puck is in play.\n\n\nHow many hockey players are on the ice?\n\n\nWho is president of Hockey India?\n\nGyanendro NigombamHockey India/Presidents\n\nWhy is hockey called hockey?\n\n\nWhat is the most dangerous sport?\n\nMost dangerous sports with the highest rate of injurySportRate of injuryFootball1.78%Basketball0.98%Wrestling0.90%Skateboarding0.66%6 more rows•Jan 16, 2020\n\nWhat is the oldest sport?\n\n\nWho is better at Ice Hockey USA or Canada?\n\nOverall rivalry and the Olympic Games In the Winter Olympics to date, Canada has had the most golds for a host country and is currently dominating in men’s ice hockey. … In the Summer Olympics, the United States has won the medal count 17 times, compared to zero for Canada.\n\nWho is the best ice hockey team in the world?\n\nrankteampointspts1United StatesUSA36002CanadaCAN34503FinlandFIN33904RussiaRUS329036 more rows\n\nHow many gold medals Indian hockey team won in Olympics?\n\neight gold medalsIndia’s hockey team is the most successful team ever in the Olympics, having won eight gold medals.\n\nWhat is the oldest ball sport in the world?\n\nThe Mesoamerican ballgame originated over three thousand years ago. The Mayan ballgame of Pitz is believed to be the first ball sport, as it was first played around 2500 BCE. There are artifacts and structures that suggest that the Chinese engaged in sporting activities as early as 2000 BCE.\n\nWho created the game of hockey?\n\nThe modern game of hockey emerged in England in the mid-18th century and is largely attributed to the growth of public schools, such as Eton. The first Hockey Association was formed in the UK in 1876 and drew up the first formal set of rules.\n\nWhich country is the father of hockey?\n\nHockey is similar to an ancient game played in Scotland called shinty. Hockey is often played at schools in the UK but its origins are unclear. Later came ice hockey, which developed in Canada.\n\nWho invented hockey in India?\n\nHowever, the first version of modern-day field hockey was developed by the British sometime between the late 18th and early 19th century. It was introduced as a popular school game then and made its way to the Indian army during British rule in the 1850s.\n\nCan you fight in hockey?\n\nHockey is the only professional sport in which fighting is allowed. Though technically against the rules, two players fighting on the ice will only net those players five minutes in the penalty box rather than a lengthy suspension.\n\nWhat country did football originate from?\n\n\nWho is the father of hockey in India?\n\nDhyan Chand’sDhyan Chand: The hockey wizard who had the world on his stick. With three Olympic gold medals, he was the poster boy of Indian hockey for decades. Dhyan Chand’s birthday is celebrated as National Sports Day in India.\n\nWhat is the oldest tree in the world?\n\nBristlecone pinesThe Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Longaeva) has been deemed the oldest tree in existence, reaching an age of over 5,000 years old. The Bristlecone pines’ success in living a long life can be contributed to the harsh conditions it lives in.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9921584725379944}
{"content": "434 Numerology\n\nAstrology is an umbrella term for any number of unrelated and different theories regarding the physical universe and human life. It’s based on the belief that the Earth is controlled by a planetary system and the positions and movements of celestial bodies can give us valuable insights into human affairs. The name comes from the Greek word”astros” which means”astrological”. This isn’t a new idea, however. In actuality, it goes back to the era when astrology was used to forecast religious festivals and warriors’ journeys. Though the Babylonians were the first to write down astrology, the concept took off in India and developed into a full-blown science which remains popular today.\n\nAstrology is an umbrella term for any number of unrelated and different theories concerning the physical world and human life. The biggest misconception people have about astrology is that it is a source of precise predictions with the use of constellations and other celestial aspects. Astrology is actually a pseudo-sciences that purports to divine much information regarding terrestrial affairs by analyzing the movement and relative positions of heavenly objects. Although astrology can’t pick out the day of your next birthday or determine your marital status (that’s the job of the planets and stars), astrology can help you find out about important dates in your life.\n\nPeople who believe in astrology generally subscribe to different theories concerning the link between the movement of heavenly bodies like the stars and the planets and human behaviour. The most common theory is that our birth charts are determined by the constellations and that we experience certain changes in our character depending on the period of time during which we have our chart made. Some people believe that astrology actually works, in the exact same way that the phases of the moon affect our moods. They further argue that the basic weather conditions and general atmospheric conditions have a bearing on how we feel and behave on an everyday basis. So the basic weather conditions such as low pressure and high temperature usually influence us, and this influences our moods and behavior.\n\nWhile there are some men and women who subscribe to astrology, there are also lots of folks who reject astrology as”crap”. These people usually cite scientific evidence that astrology is an ineffective means of calculating future events and results. There are also those who say astrology is nothing more than”a way of creating significance from random events”. While there may be some truth to these statements, these opinions about astrology don’t have any scientific validity. Astrological charts are simply tools for helping us predict future events, according to our current physical conditions and on our personal traits. In order to have an effective astrology reading, you need to understand how astrological charts work.\n\nA good astrology reading should tell you something about your personal traits, your physical attributes and your character. By understanding the relationship between your physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual attributes, you’ll have the ability to obtain a deeper insight into yourself. You can then work on developing your strengths and improve areas where you have weaknesses. By understanding the influence of astrology on your everyday life, you will be able to deal with it properly. You may use astrology in improving your love life by giving your partner a personalized reading in order to discover whether he or she is compatible with you.\n\nIn the modern fast-paced life, astrology helps us to better understand the direction in which our lives are going. Most of the men and women who read astrology say that reading astrology has helped them plan better and make better choices in their life. With astrology, it is easy to find out what will happen to you in the next few days, weeks, months, years and even in your life. This is because astrology has a special way of providing accurate information, even if you can’t understand all the details that are being given to you. Most of the time, astrology can give you a clearer picture of your future depending on the information that it provides. Some folks assert that studying astrology has also let them understand when it is time to settle down and start a family.\n\nAstrology can be used to predict your future well before it happens so you can take appropriate actions and avoid unpleasant surprises. You can plan your whole life and see how your chart is going to evolve in line with the information provided. People who have an astrology reading stated that they were able to get a glimpse into their future life. They were able to see what they would like to have for their entire life and where they would want to settle down. By knowing this, they have the ability to plan their life better and make sure that they enjoy each moment of their life.\n\nThere are a great deal of benefits of using astrology. However, people that are not aware of the techniques of astrology should consult an astrology professional so that they can understand the depth of astrology better. Astrology can benefit both the individual and the organization and by consulting an astrologer; you can make certain that your business can achieve a whole lot of success. If you wish to learn more about astrology, you can consult with an astrology expert who will provide you the perfect guidance and provide you with the insight that you seek.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9224532842636108}
{"content": "Analysis: How the global outlook reflects China's BRI?\nUpdated 22:11, 25-Jan-2019\nWorld Insight with Tian Wei\nThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been generating a lot of excitement at the annual meeting of the World Economic Conference (WEF) held in Davos, Switzerland.\nDubbed China's Trillion dollar Vision, BRI will direct investment in infrastructure across Asia over the coming decade. However, this project faces challenges in tackling debt, supporting sustainable development and uniting a fractured international community. \nProposed by China in 2013, the BRI aims to build a trade and infrastructure network connecting Asia with Europe, Africa and beyond along the ancient trade routes of the Silk Road. How can the government and private sectors harness the risks to guarantee the 1.5 trillion U.S dollars investment will succeed in kick-starting development and growth?\nCGTN's Senior Correspondent Tian Wei spoke to a diverse panel, aiming to reflect the global outlook of the project. Xu Niansha, Chairman of the China Poly Group, speaks at the panel session on the BRI held as part of the WEF. He said that BRI indeed has reflected the economic development and historical development of China. And we believe that through this Initiative we are able to optimize and complement each other's resources. \nXu also shares the past and believes China has come a long way. \"Actually China has gone through those kinds of experiences, so we do know what people need, and that is why I think we can really do a better job in our cooperation,\" said he. \nAccording to Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan is an active member of East-West Transportation Corridor. \"We definitely support BRI,\" he addressed. \n\"First, it is easy to talk about the reform and opening-up for all countries, and free trade benefits people. But in practice, free trade has winners and losers. That is why we have seen Brexit, we have seen President Trump, those people felt free trade left them behind, and so they need somebody to oppose this. But reaching there is not a given, we need a lot of hard work, we need to work together,\" said Heng Swee Keat, Singapore's Minister of Finance, brings about two important aspects of BRI that need to pay attention.|\n\"Second, global connectivity is key, today we cannot think trade investment without transport connectivity. So if we look at the BRI as a very major infrastructure project, it has its own special economic logic,'' he added.\nAnd Wang Yongqing, Vice-Chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, concluded with detailed figures. \"There are about 120 countries being involved in this Initiative and over 30 international organizations who have participated in this Initiative. Over 180 bilateral cooperation and memorandum have been signed that show recognition.\"", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9861878156661987}
{"content": "Our Three Human Approaches to Dealing with Problems\n\n05 Mar 2019 · 11 min read\n\n\nPieces of jigsaw puzzle and global network\n\nWe all run into challenges from time to time, whether at work, at home, or in our communities.\n\nIn general, I would suggest, we have three different approaches available to us when we try to respond to such situations.\n\n1. Soldier On\n\nThe first approach is to just keep your head down, continue doing what you've been doing, make small adjustments as needed, and trust that everything will work itself out.\n\nThis is essentially the same approach that you see in a robotic vacuum cleaner: go in a straight line until you run into something, then back up, turn a bit, and try again.\n\nYou could also think of this approach as “think locally, act locally.” It's also characterized by the injunction to “keep calm and carry on.” At its least elegant, it might be referred to as “muddling through.” You could also think of it as a “don't rock the boat” approach.\n\nIn this first approach, we tend to rely on our own experience, our own knowledge and memories, and on sensory inputs from our immediate environment, and we tend to favor actions that produce immediately discernible results. Because we are humans, the inputs we consider include words and images from those familiar to us. And because we live in the 21st century, those familiar to us include many we may never have met face-to-face, but have experienced repeatedly through various media channels.\n\n2. Refer to an Ideal\n\nThis approach relies on having an image of what perfection looks like, a template or pattern, and then consulting that reference when facing an emerging issue.\n\nThe practice of asset allocation is an example of this approach in the investing world. You establish your desired amount of risk, periodically review your portfolio, and then sell enough stocks or bonds to get back to your desired percentages.\n\nA mechanic repairing a car, or a technician repairing any sort of engineered product, typically uses this approach. When confronted with a malfunctioning item, you consult a product manual, drawing and/or specification to see the ideal state to which a product needs to return in order to regain its lost functionality.\n\n3. Observe, Analyze and Predict\n\nThis approach, of course, is at the heart of the scientific method. It's generally used to confront new challenges that haven't been seen before. It consists of making detailed observations, analyzing the data, and then making predictions about what might happen under certain conditions.\n\nAll human progress depends on use of this approach.\n\nPros and Cons of Each\n\nAlthough the first approach – Soldier On – may sound the least sophisticated, it is, in fact, the preferred approach in most cases. Humans, along with all living organisms, are here today because our predecessors discovered stuff that worked and passed it along to us, either via our DNA, or via learned behaviors. And each of us who have somehow made it to adulthood have done so by learning and repeating behaviors that worked for us. If something has been successful in the past, then that is the best predictor of it proving successful again in the future. As humans we are loath to give up on something that has worked for us before, not only because we know it has worked in the past, but because we would then have to come up with some new, untried option.\n\nAnd we know how that usually works out.\n\nThe second approach – Refer to an Ideal – is more sophisticated, and is usually needed to deal with more complex situations. But it also requires a higher level of trust in some expert authority. A mechanic consulting an engineering drawing may not have any personal experience to draw upon that would tell them the right action to take, and so they must place their faith in the drawing they've been given and, in turn, the perhaps unknown people who prepared the drawings at some time in the past.\n\nOne of the final scenes in the movie Goldfinger offers a great example of this tension. Our hero, James Bond, has somehow made it through all the dangers confronting him in the first ninety minutes of the film by relying on his native wits, charm, skills and finely honed instincts. In other words, he's been using approach # 1.\n\nBut then, with only seconds left, he has to disarm an atomic bomb that is about to explode, without setting it off. Which wire should he cut? Or is there something else he should do? He looks about in confusion. Nothing he has done before has prepared him for this. Instincts fail him. He's running out of time.\n\nAnd then an actual expert on the scene reaches into the frame and flips a simple switch, immediately stopping the countdown timer. An expert, presumably, who had at some point been able to consult some drawings showing how the thing works.\n\nWhen we have an emergency with no other options available to us then we're all happy to consult an expert. But it's not our first choice. And we usually have about as much respect for experts as Bond displays in his earlier meeting with Q, the head of the weapons research and development department. We tend to regard experts as theoretical types who are ill equipped to deal with real life outside of the laboratory.\n\nThe third approach – Observe, Analyze and Predict – is the most sophisticated, but also involves the most risk. This is why peer review is such an important part of the scientific method. Until a new solution has proven itself multiple times then it is inherently risky. Most of us are happy to board an airplane these days, understanding that human flight is something that has now been happening routinely every day for decades. But it was a different story for Orville and Wilbur Wright back at the dawn of the 20th century, when they were first trying to build a craft they could successfully pilot through the air. They were rightly skeptical of most of the unproven “truths” being circulated by self-professed experts, and reports of their success were rightfully greeted with much initial skepticism.\n\nSocietal Implications\n\nThe issue of measles vaccinations that has recently been in the news is a good example of how these three approaches can play out in our society, for better or for worse.\n\nThe whole idea of vaccination to prevent diseases like measles is a great example of the use of approach # 3. This was a practice based on observation, analysis and prediction. And it became a widespread practice over time because it was shown to work, virtually wiping out the appearance of many diseases in modern societies.\n\nOn the other hand, even today, there is nothing instinctive about taking your child to a doctor to get his or her vaccinations. Your child wasn't sick before the vaccination, and they weren't visibly improved after the vaccination. You don't see anyone around you getting sick from these alleged health threats. And why should you trust these supposed experts, whose recommendations seem to change every few years anyway? And what about real childhood problems, such as autism, that these experts don't seem to know how to control? Couldn't these vaccinations be causing that problem? And in the face of this confusion, isn't just muddling through the best approach? After all, if your child does get ill, they can always be given antibiotics, can't they?\n\nAnd so we see how these various factors can play out in society when applying each of these three problem-solving approaches.\n\nApplication to Politics\n\nWhen it comes to choosing our political leaders, I would submit that we are heavily influenced by the factors discussed above regarding our three possible approaches to problems.\n\nOur first tendency is to Soldier On – one reason why incumbents have historically had such a large political advantage.\n\nBut our two-party system in the United States is also an example of use of this first approach. If things are going well, we vote for the party in office. If things aren't going so well, then we vote for someone from the other party. And if they don't work out in the next few years – why then, we throw them out and vote for someone new. And so, this sort of democratic process fits neatly into the first approach: keep going in a straight line until you hit a rough patch, then make a small adjustment, and proceed onwards. In many ways, this sort of democracy – two major political parties, frequent elections, term limits – is almost the definition of approach # 1.\n\nBut then there is also approach # 2: Refer to an Ideal. And most of us tend to have some sort of political ideal to fall back on. Maybe it's free market capitalism. Perhaps it's the Christian Bible. Or it could be the Constitution. How about democratic socialism? Or American exceptionalism? Or the Civil Rights movement of the sixties? No matter which you choose, you will find a reassuring template for success, and will be relieved to hear that all of our current problems are being caused by deviation from that ideal. And how comforting this belief can be.\n\nIn the US, we've traditionally relied on the states to serve as our laboratories for approach # 3: Observe, Analyze and Predict. Let a state try it out. If it works out well, then other states will adopt it. And if enough of our fifty states can replicate the initial success, then perhaps we will adopt the solution nationally. Marijuana legalization seems to be going through this process in 2019, as this piece is being written.\n\nImplications for Sustainability and Global Warming\n\nAnd so, finally, let us consider the novel human challenges of sustainability in general, and global warming in particular. A hundred years ago few humans saw these as problems. And even today many of us can go through most days without suffering any immediate negative consequences from these issues. And so, quite naturally, our first instinct is to muddle through, to leave well enough alone, to make small adjustments and then go about our normal business. Everything will be alright because – well, it always has in the past, hasn't it?\n\nAnd then, of course, there's our lack of trust in the experts. I mean, they can't even all agree with each other, can they? So why should we listen to them? And even if we believed them, none of them has actually dealt with these problems before, so there's no ready, proven ideal to reference. So approach # 2 is not feasible.\n\nAnd then there's the problem of how to effect positive change. By their very nature, sustainability and climate change are global problems, which means that they will demand global solutions. And so these will inevitably require political solutions. But how can we prove the effectiveness of any particular solution? Because there is no way to replicate our entire set of global systems – climatic, environmental, political, legal, economic, cultural – in a laboratory. And so we not only have to use approach # 3, and place our trust in experts, and reach agreement on this through our political systems, but we have to allow these experts to use our entire world – our entire planet! – as their lab.\n\nViewing the situation in this way, I think, gives us some idea of the sorts of resistance we will need to overcome to deal with these new global problems successfully.\n\n  1. We first have to convince people that this is a novel problem, and that simply continuing to do what we've done in the past is not likely to work. We have to help people understand that our current and projected future human population sizes, in combination with the per capita rates of resource depletion and environmental degradation needed to care for so many of us, are simply not sustainable. We can't just keep keeping on. We've got to try something new, even though there is accompanying risk, because the risk of not doing anything is far greater.\n  2. We need to reference as many compelling templates as we can. American involvement in WW II. The race to land a man on the moon. The original New Deal. If we are to successfully confront the sustainability challenges facing us, then we will need to call upon the political will, the technological focus, the global connections, and the sweeping scope of governmental action displayed in such prior situations.\n  3. We need to structure our path forward around a series of experiments, including policy experiments. We have to quickly try a number of different things, learn from our mistakes, adjust our plans, and then continue on. We can't convince anyone today that we have all the answers. But if we proceed with reasonable transparency, acknowledging our shortfalls, then we humans might just find a successful way forward for our species.\n  4. We need to prioritize and focus relentlessly. We can't effectively convince anyone that global sustainability deserves this sort of action if we treat it as one issue among a number of peers. This has to become our sole top priority. Numero Uno.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5075644254684448}
{"content": "Compute Free SHA-512 Hash Online\n\nThe Description field is required.\n\nSHA-512 belongs to the SHA-2 group algorithm and a progressed form of SHA-1 Hash. Since, SHA-2 is widely used in security applications of progressing countries like the USA, UK, and other countries, it has security protocols like SSL, TLS, PGP, S/MIME, SSH, and IPsec. Here, you can have a basic knowledge about what truly occurs at the time of the implementation of SHA-512 hashing algorithm. SHA-512 is a very close advancement to the SHA-256 hashing algorithm that performs an advanced hashing function on some increased bytes of input data.\n\nWhy SHA-512 Hashing algorithms are used?\n\nUnlike other Hashing algorithms, SHA-512 is used in many cases like digital certificates, internet security, bitcoin, and blockchains, etc. SHA-512 plays a crucial role in the digital security control and cryptography system, with some simple calculations.\n\nBasic features of SHA-512 Hashing Functions\n\nUnlike other hashing functions, SHA-512 takes some input data and produces an output of fixed length as per input data. This output data could be named as hash digest and it needs to satisfy some specific conditions.\n\nUniform allocation of data with the fixed-length output\n\nSince the length of the SHA-512 output hash function output is of a fixed span and the input size may change, it is obvious that there are some output values that can be gained for various input data. The output values are recommended to be fixed length. So, for instance, an SHA - 512 hashing function could provide an output size of 512 bit and output can vary as per bit size hash function.\n\nCollision resistance\n\nSimply speaking, this means that there aren’t any or rather it is not feasible to find two distinct inputs to the hash function that result in the same output (hash digest). What are the Stages of the SHA-512 Hashing Algorithm? SHA-512 performs its function in the following stages.\n\n1. Input format:\n\nSHA-512 has some limitations in taking any size of the input message. The complete formatted message has mainly 3 parts: the original message, size of the original message and padding bits. The message needs to be multiple of 1024 bits and each block needs to be of 1024 bits.\n\nPadding bits\n\nThe input message is accepted and some padding bits are added to it for the purpose of fitting to the desired length. The bits for padding are simply come as ‘0’ bits with an initial ‘1’ (100000…000).\n\nSize of Original Message with padding\n\nThe total size of the original message needs to be multiples of 128 bits i.e. 1024 bits and hence, there is a definite limitation range of input message size.\n\n2. Hash buffer:\n\nThe SHA-512 algorithm functions in a way where it acts on every block of 1024 bits from the original message throughout the result from the preceding block. Now, this creates a problem for the 1st 1024 bit block which is unable to use the result obtained from any preceding function. However, this issue can be resolved through a default value to be utilized for the first block to start off the function.\n\n3. Message Processing Rounds:\n\nMessage processing depends upon the formatted input block of 1024 bits at once and every 64 bits out of them will be processed as ‘Message sequencer’. The message processing occurs with numbers of rounds and each round takes 3 things such as a Word, the output of the preceding round, and an SHA-512 constant. As 1st round doesn’t come with a previous Round and thus it utilizes the final output from the preceding message dispensation phase in a preceding block of 1024 bits. SHA-512 constants are predestined values that are used for each Round in the message dispensation phase.\n\n4. Output:\n\nAfter each block of 1024 bits proceeds through the message dispensation phase the final 512 bit Hash value could be obtained. Hope the readers must have better knowledge on SHA-512 integration.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9931482672691345}
{"content": "Mokasirs respects the privacy of its visitors in compliance with European laws on privacy and the use of cookies.\nThe following outlines our policy on cookies, what they are and how they are used.\n\nWhat are cookies?\nA cookie is a small file that a website sends to the visitor's computer to store short strings of text. Cookies are safe and cannot harm the user’s computer, steal information or violate the privacy of the visitor. Cookies are used exclusively to memorize data regarding the user's visit for statistical purposes (e.g. pages visited) and to improve the use of the site.\n\nWhy does Mokasirs use cookies?\nThe primary purpose is to make our site more efficient and to better understand our visitors in order to provide information and services with more speed and efficiency.\n\nWhat kind of cookie does Mokasirs use and for what purpose?\nWe use different types of cookies for various purposes:\n\n· Mokasirs uses session cookies, i.e. temporary cookies that expire and are deleted automatically each time you close your browser and end the visit. These cookies are used exclusively for improving the use of the site, granting access to content and allowing blog comments.\n· In some cases we use permanent cookies. These cookies have an expiry date and therefore remain in your browser until they expire, or until they are deleted manually. We use permanent cookies for functions such as the ‘Stay connected’ tickbox, which makes it possible for registered users to return to the site without having to download the entire page. We also use permanent cookies to better understand usage patterns in order to improve the site for our customers.\n\nWhat other cookies are used on this website?\nWe have included in the website several third-party and social sharing (eg Facebook) services, as well as Google tracking services geared to improving the statistics of use. In this case, third party services like Facebook and Google may use cookies for purposes of sharing content (e.g. for allowing your authentication on Facebook).\n\nDoes Mokasirs use this data for advertising purposes?\nNo. The behavioral data obtained from our website are not transferred to third parties or used for any commercial purpose.\n\nHow can I delete or disable the cookies?\nTo learn how to delete or turn off cookies,\n\nIf I disable the cookies will the website still function?\nYou can still visit the site even without enabling cookies, but some advanced features (access to restricted area, content sharing, commenting, etc.) may be disabled as they require cookies to be enabled.\n\nWhere can I find more information about cookies?\nYou can access the online European directive on cookies.\n\nFor more information about cookies and how to implement the control of cookies on your website, please write to", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8886004686355591}
{"content": "Disability Living Allowance: Disability Benefits for ADHD Children\n\nDisability Living Allowance: Disability Benefits for ADHD ChildrenThere is a growing financial concept, internationally, among families who care for a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Known as Disability Living Allowance (DLA), families of children with ADHD, outside of the United States, are qualifying for this financial disability allowance to aid in the care of their family, specifically the child who is affected.\n\nFor children who suffer from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), symptoms of inattention and impulsivity often compound the effects of hyperactivity. The end result is a child who may make poor decisions, damaging property or causing bodily harm to others.\n\nFor parents, the key to overcoming their child’s complications associated with ADHD lies in the early detection and treatment of the condition, including the use of prescription medications and psychotherapy. In addition to these resources, parents must also focus on finding other activities in which to engage the ADHD so as to improve self esteem, self confidence and distract from unruly behavior.\n\nThe costs associated with caring for an ADHD child adequately can be overwhelming. Internationally, families are applying for, and using, a financial welfare type of program known as the Disability Living Allowance. Designed to provide a financial allowance to families as a way to promote added supervision, acquire medications and therapy, promote social skill programs and even repair or replace the items or bodily harm damage, the Disability Living Allowance has been quite effective at assisting families with the ability to capture some control over the complication in their child.\n\nIn the United States, millions of adults and children are uninsured. In addition, to the uninsured, we have millions of individuals who suffer from untreated mental health disorders who, unfortunately, move into adulthood often unable to hold gainful employment, establish solid social networks and may even become involved in illegal activities. With the ability to obtain disability benefits for treating a confirmed case of ADHD, many clinicians agree we may be able to decrease the long term ramifications of ADHD in the United States.\n\nVery few families in the United States apply for disability benefits for their children and even fewer apply for those benefits when a child is diagnosed with ADHD. Because of the time consuming nature of the paperwork involved with disability, coupled with the increasingly common denial of benefits initially, many families opt to find other options for managing their child’s ADHD, often relying upon extended family members for added supervision.\n\nAs one of the most widely studied childhood disorders, ADHD continues to be a leading concern among educators, healthcare professionals and parents. Creating a platform on which families can apply for specific ADHD benefits, termed Disability Living Allowance, as a society we may be able to provide a specific service to these families and improve the overall long term outcomes in violence, social networks and employment.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9667136669158936}
{"content": "Green LivingHealthLifestyle\n\n10 Healthy Lifestyle Tips for Adults\n\nWhat is lifestyle?\n\nLifestyle is the interests, opinions, behaviours, and behavioural orientations of an individual, group, or culture. There are a few types of lifestyle such as college lifestyle, a vegan lifestyle, a minimalist lifestyle, green lifestyle, Christian lifestyle, post-grad lifestyle etc. But we want to focus our attention to a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle is one which helps to keep and improve people’s health and well-being, by being careful of the weight, blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood cholesterol which usually leads to a longer life.\n\nIn order to be healthy one has to include physical activities, weight management, stress management and, of course, a healthy diet in the normal routine. Here you have 10 healthy lifestyle tips for adults:\n\n1. Eat a variety of foods\n\nFor good health, we need more than 40 different nutrients, and no single food can supply them all. It is not about a single meal, it is about a balanced food choice over time that will make a difference! Eating a healthy diet is not about strict limitations, staying unrealistically thin, or depriving yourself of the foods you love. Rather, it’s about feeling great, having more energy, improving your health, and boosting your mood.\n\na) Whole grain foods (at most meals)\n\nb) Plant oils (olive, canola, soy, corn, sunflower, peanut and other vegetable oils)\n\nc) Vegetables (in abundance)\n\nd) Fruits (2-3 times a day)\n\ne) Nuts, legumes (1-3 times a day)\n\nf)  Fish, poultry, eggs (0-2 times a day)\n\ng) Dairy or calcium supplement (1-2 times a day)\n\nh) Red meat, white rice, white bread, white pasta, potato, soda and sweets (use sparingly)\n\n2. Reduce salt and sugar intake\n\nA high salt intake can result in high blood pressure and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. There are different ways to reduce salt in the diet:\n\n·  Choose products with lower sodium content.\n\n·  When cooking, salt can be substituted with spices, increasing the variety of flavours and tastes.\n\n·  When eating, it helps not to have salt at the table, or at least not to add salt before tasting.\n\n3. Eat regularly, control the portion size\n\nSkipping meals, especially breakfast, can lead to out-of-control hunger, often resulting in helpless overeating. Snacking between meals can help control hunger, but snacking should not replace proper meals. For snacks, we could choose yoghurt, a handful of fresh or dried fruits or vegetables (like carrot sticks), unsalted nuts, or perhaps some bread with cheese. Paying attention to portion size will help us not to consume too much calories and will allow us to eat all the foods we enjoy, without having to eliminate any.\n\n4. Drink plenty of fluids\n\nAdults need to drink at least 1.5 litres of fluid a day! Or more if it’s very hot or they are physically active. Water is the best source, of course, and we can use tap or mineral water, sparkling or non-sparkling, plain or flavoured. Fruit juices, tea, soft drinks, milk and other drinks, can all be okay – from time to time.\n\n5. Getting Regular and Adequate Amounts of Sleep\n\nGetting a regular and adequate amount of sleep is first on our list as it is often downplayed in importance relative to diet and exercise. The relationship between sleep and life expectancy has been demonstrated in many studies, but what surprises some people is that the relationship is a U-shaped curve. In other words, both too little and too much sleep raise mortality (the risk of death)\n\n6. Engaging in Regular Physical Activity\n\nThirty minutes a day of regular physical activity contributes to health by reducing heart rate, decreasing the risk for cardiovascular disease, and reducing the amount of bone loss that is associated with age and osteoporosis. At the current time, lack of exercise is thought to contribute to 9% of breast cancers and 10% of colon cancers in Europe. Physical activity is important for people of all weight ranges and health conditions. It helps us burn off the extra calories, it is good for the heart and circulatory system, it maintains or increases our muscle mass, it helps us focus, and improves overall health well-being. Some tips:\n\n–   Use the stairs instead of the elevator\n\n–   Go for a walk during luch breaks\n\n–   Make time for a family weekend activity\n\n7. Healthy body weight\n\nHealthy body weight, defined as a normal body mass index (BMI) is between 18.5 and 24.9. Being affected by obesity and overweight increases the risks of a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, heart diseases, and cancer.\n\n8. Smoking\n\nWell, there is no healthy amount of smoking. “Healthy” here meant never having smoked. But if you do smoke and cannot let go of this bad habit, try to reduce the number of cigarettes as much as possible.\n\n9. Moderate alcohol intake\n\n\n10.  Surround yourself with positive energy\n\n\nComment here", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9656035900115967}
{"content": "Forensic Photography (Nick Marsh) - скачать книгу , читать онлайн\n\n\n2 Фев 2013\nForensic Photography\n\nАвтор: Nick Marsh\n\nКороткое описание книги\n\nForensic photography plays a vitally important part in the investigation of crime and the subsequent administration of justice.\n\nWritten by a practitioner with many years professional experience, this book provides an overview of the most common forensic photography techniques in use today for those readers who may not have a detailed understanding of camera techniques and who need to get to grips with the use of light and other key scientific aspects of the job.\n\nIt covers image capture issues, file handling and relevant equipment, such as lasers and UV lights, and explores how they work.\n\nThe predominance of the digital camera has resulted in an increasing trend for police forces across the world to use untrained camera users, rather than expert photographers.\n\nTherefore, this book will prove invaluable for those practitioners who need to produce accurate and clear photographic evidence, above and beyond the point and shoot mode on their cameras.\n\nПодробнее, скачать »\nПоследнее редактирование:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9828277230262756}
{"content": "Book Review\n\nby Barbara Carey\n\n “ Scrublands - A Novel ”\n\nThe story is set in Australia and the author, Chris Hammer, is an Australian journalist, and now a novelist.\n\nDuring the Millennium drought he travelled extensively through the Australian Outback and in the area of the Murray-Murrumbidgee rivers - which is in the lower south eastern part of Australia. After this trip he wrote two non fiction novels, and then this one which is total fiction. But it is a story that could have happened.  \n\nLet me first give you a short explanation of the title, Scrublands: Scrub is a poor quality timber forest - found growing on rocky, sandy, infertile lands. A buyer looking for property might find a farm description saying it has a lot of scrub country or scrub land or simply scrub. Such property is suitable only for grazing a few cattle that remain skinny,  that get rounded up (collected together) once a year and then taken to more fertile pastures to be fattened up. People don’t usually live on such land but they might have a shack where they can stay overnight.\n\nThe author’s description of the heat, dust, air and the little town is very accurate - in fact it took me back to my childhood. Most of the Australian population lives within a 300 km fringe bordering the country’s shores and have had little contact with what is known as the Australian Outback.\n\nThe story starts off with the local priest standing on the church steps and shooting 5 local men for what appears to have been no reason at all. One year later the editor of a popular newspaper sends a traumatized journalist to write about how the town has coped with the aftermath of the shooting. The journalist is himself suffering post-war syndrome as, during his escape from a war zone in Afghanistan,\n\nhe had been  locked in the boot of a car where his driver had hidden him for  2 days and 2 nights. On his arrival in the town the journalist starts interviewing the locals, and soon becomes involved in their lives and realizes there are many questions that have remained unanswered and many secrets left untold. It is not the open and shut case it appears to be. Other city reporters pick up on “our man’s” reports and flock to the town, pushing him aside and calling him a “has been”. However he has become obsessed with seeking the truth and risks his career to find it.\n\nThe story is well written, the descriptions excellent and the plot, and the plots within plots, very intriguing. And you, the reader, will soon find yourself in the reporter’s shoes asking why, why,why. \n\nAnd at the end all is revealed.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6827129125595093}
{"content": "When the axe is resting in its final place it will be scored.\n\nThe points from the axe will be determined by where the scoring area of the axe head meets the surface of the wood that the axe head is embedded into.\n\n\nThe black line awards points associated with the ring.\n6 points for the bullseye.\n4 points for the 2nd ring.\n3 points for the 3rd ring.\n2 points for the 4th ring.\n1 point for the 5th ring.\n8 points for the Killshot.\n\n\nThe Killshot is active for the 5th and 10th throw of the match only. Otherwise it will be treated as if the Killshot is not there.\n\nBefore throwing for the Killshot, the player must make clear they intend on throwing for the Killshot. This is referred to as “calling the Killshot” and activates it for the full 8 points. The player cannot change their call.\n\nThe Thrower with the higher points must decide to call first. In the case of the tie, either thrower may volunteer to call first.\n\nIf not Killshot is called, then the match continues as normal as if the killshot is not there.\n\nIf the Killshot is called but the players axe does not hit the Killshot, then no points are awarded.\n\n\nIn the event of a tie after 10 throws in a single match, the match enters into sudden death.\n\nONLY Killshots are allowed during all sudden death throws.\n\nPlayers may not score on the same killshot twice in a row. Players must alternate Killshots.\n\nIn the event that both players miss the Killshot during Sudden Death, the player with the shortest distance to the Killshot will be awarded the match.\n\nIf Player 1 has an axe that has dropped and Player 2 misses the Killshot, but is on the board, Player 2 will be awarded the match.\n\nPoints are not counted or tallied during sudden death.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.997652530670166}
{"content": "1. K-State home\n  2. »Research and Extension\n  3. »Hodgeman\n  4. »record books\n  5. »Scholarships\n\nHodgeman County\n\n\n\n2020 Kansas 4-H Scholarship Application - Due to Hg Co Extension Jan. 22, 2020\n\nPlease read instructions carefully for what should be included with your application. Please give adequate time for letters of recommendation, transcripts etc.\n\n\n2019 Hodgeman County 4-H Foundation Scholarship Application- Due May 1, 2020", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9171685576438904}
{"content": "10 Most Valuable College Football Teams\n\nPlaying football is something many kids throughout America do, although just a few of them choose to dedicate their lives to the sport and get chosen to play in these 10 most valuable college football teams.\n\nRegularly, kids start early and they get better and better with practice, often times playing in school teams. College scouts are always looking for new talent, trying to pick out the best of the best and lure them to their own teams, offering them scholarships. With so many kids dreaming of a free ride to the best colleges via one of these scholarships, it’s no wonder so many decide to pick up sports, trying to be the best at what they do. Alternatively, kids should also try out for these 15 Summer Programs for High School Students with Scholarships.\n\n10 Most Valuable College Football Teams\n\n\nSince American football has no minor league farm organization, college football is generally seen as the second tier of the sport. It’s actually extremely popular and many of the athletes that end up going pro, are picked up for the big league straight from these college teams. Regularly, the NFL holds its annual draft during spring, when 256 players are selected every year. The best of the best end up getting offered huge contracts.\n\nFor our list today we checked out Forbes‘ analysis on the value of the top college football teams across the United States. The values were reached by combining money generated from university value, revenue and expense data from annual financial reports, and the value to the local economy given by economic impact studies.\n\nWithout further ado, here are the 10 most valuable college football teams.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7893640995025635}
{"content": "Stream IPL live from anywhere with Ivacy\nGet 2TB Encrypted Cloudstorage absolutely Free with Ivacy VPN\n\nIt goes without saying a slow internet connection can be quite frustrating, to say the least. This can be an even bigger problem if you do not know why you have a slow internet connection in the first place. If your streams suddenly start stuttering or web pages are taking longer to load, then you might be dealing with low bandwidth. If you wish to do away with this problem for good, you will need to learn how to increase bandwidth. To learn more, read on.\n\nHow to Increase Bandwidth\n\nIf you wish to learn how to increase bandwidth, there are several factors you will need to take into consideration. Pay close attention to each of the said factors, and you will be able to solve your problem for good!\n\nWhat is Bandwidth?\n\nTo fix your insufficient bandwidth problem, you will need to understand what bandwidth is, and how it affects your internet connection. In computing terms, bandwidth is used to refer to the amount of data that can be uploaded or downloaded on your computer in a specific amount of time. Bandwidth is measured in bps (bit per second).\n\nYour bandwidth is determined by your ISP, your router, and your device. Also, if your ISP has promised you 20 Mbps, that does not always mean you will get just that. If you have multiple devices, you may not get full bandwidth.\n\nIt is worth noting bandwidth is like a highway with two lanes where all traffic travels at the same speed. As long as there is not too much traffic, speeds will remain unaffected. However, if the same highway were to get crowded, it would slow down traffic. To solve this problem, more lanes would be required.\n\nHow do I check Bandwidth?\n\nHow can you tell if your bandwidth is too low? You can check by running a speed test. You can then compare the results with the bandwidth advertised by your ISP.\n\nIf you have one device connected to the internet, and you are not downloading or uploading anything, then the results will be close to what was promised to you by your ISP. But if you have several devices, and you share and stream a lot of content, then you will need more bandwidth.\n\nHow to Increase Bandwidth with Router?\n\nThe bandwidth you end up with depends on your router as well. Believe it or not, the device that sends wireless signals for your other devices to connect to the internet needs attention too. Once set up, routers are mostly forgotten. It is time you take a closer look at your router to learn how to increase bandwidth.\n\nChange your Router’s Location\n\nIf your router is not placed in an open space with minimal obstructions and interference, you should change its location immediately. Other wireless devices like cordless phones or baby monitors may affect your router’s signals. Additionally, walls and doors interrupt your router’s signals too.\n\nReboot your Router\n\nThere is a possibility that rebooting your router will solve your problem. There are times when your router may be overworked or tired. As absurd as that may seem, it is entirely possible. For this reason, reboot your router every now and then, or enable automatic reboot so that you do not have to reboot your router manually every time.\n\nTry a Dual-Bandwidth Router\n\nIf you have too many routers, it can cause Wi-Fi channels to become overcrowded. You can’t blame your neighbor if their router causes bandwidth lagging. Fortunately, you can solve this problem by getting a dual-bandwidth router.\n\nA dual-bandwidth router offers two frequencies i.e., 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz. Some routers let you use one frequency at a time, while others let you use both simultaneously. When a wireless channel is jammed, you can switch to a different frequency.\n\nUpdate your Router’s Firmware\n\nYour router has its own software, referred to as firmware. Just like any other software, the software on your router needs to be updated as well for improved performance.\n\nHow to get more Bandwidth from your ISP\n\nIf you want to learn how to increase your bandwidth, sometimes you need not look further than your ISP. Your ISP could be the root of your problem, and it is not unusual for ISPs to resort to such tactics. ISPs all around the globe resort to bandwidth throttling. If you think your ISP is causing low bandwidth, then here is what you need to do:\n\nContact your ISP\n\nSometimes all you need to do is to contact your ISP. Let them know your problem, and they should solve your problem for you.\n\nUpgrade your Internet Plan\n\nPerhaps it is time you need to upgrade your internet plan. With time, your usage may increase, and that demands higher bandwidth.\n\nHow to Increase your Wi-Fi Bandwidth\n\nYour bandwidth can severely affect your Wi-Fi signals. To learn how to increase bandwidth by enhancing your Wi-Fi signals, here is what you need to do:\n\nGet an iPlate\n\nYou can accelerate your broadband speed by a staggering 60% by using a BT iPlate. It is attached to the socket of your phone, reducing interference with your Wi-Fi network. It is an affordable option, but there is no guarantee it will work for certain.\n\nUse a Wireless Repeater\n\nYou can enhance your Wi-Fi network by using a wireless repeater. With it, you can increase your network’s wireless range with ease, but it is not an affordable option.\n\nQuick Tips on how to Increase your Bandwidth\n\nYou have a general idea regarding how to increase bandwidth, but there are a few other things you can do to assist you in the matter further.\n\nUse a VPN\n\nUsing a VPN offers a ton of benefits. For starters, it can help you overcome ISP throttling. Most importantly, you will be able to stay safe, secure, and anonymous online.\n\nTry a Wired Connection\n\nIt is a known fact that wired connections offer better speeds when compared to wireless ones. If you are planning on sticking to a wireless connection, think again. If your problem still persists, then your ISP is throttling your bandwidth, in which case you should definitely use a VPN.\n\nChange your Browser\n\nBrowsers receive updates regularly, which is why you should keep them up-to-date for the best possible experience. If your browser is not up-to-date, you will face bandwidth issues. If you are still experiencing low bandwidth, then you should switch to another browser.\n\nTurn Off Background Applications\n\nYou may not be aware, but there plenty of background applications that could be taking a toll on your bandwidth. You will need to look for such applications and change their settings accordingly. To find out which applications are running in the background, press CTRL + ALT + DELETE to access the Task Manager.\n\nTry Using a Different Device with the same Bandwidth\n\nIt is entirely possible that there is something wrong with your device, which is why you need to check your internet connection with another device to be sure.\n\nIf the speeds are the same, then the problem lies elsewhere. But if the problem does not arise on the other device, then you will need to scan the device which suffers from low bandwidth. Scan the said device using a reliable antivirus program, and you should be able to get rid of whatever is causing the problem in no time.\n\nWhat is Bandwidth Throttling?\n\nAs mentioned earlier, ISPs tend to throttle bandwidth, and the reasons for doing so can very. But one thing is for certain, users are restricted from enjoying a seamless online experience. Fortunately, there is a permanent solution to this problem, and it involves using a VPN.\n\nWhen you are connected to a VPN server, your original IP address is masked with a new one. This allows you to become anonymous, meaning hackers, cybercriminals, and third parties will not be able to access your internet traffic, let alone your private and confidential information. What is interesting is this applies to your ISP as well, as they will not be able to track or monitor you.\n\nMainly, you will be off the grid when connected to a VPN server. Because of this, your ISP will not be able to impose bandwidth throttling, thus allowing you to browse and stream without restrictions and limitations of any kind.\n\nNote: You can always increase your server speed when using a VPN. Here is how!\n\n\nAll in all, you have everything you need in regards to how to increase bandwidth. You have answers to questions and problems like:\n\n  • “Can a router increase internet speed?”\n  • “How to increase internet speed?”\n  • “I have high internet speed but slow buffering.”\n  • “How to increase Wi-Fi speed in a laptop?”\n\nMake the most of the information provided above, and you will see a tremendous increase in bandwidth. Also, make it a point to use a VPN at all times. Avoid using any VPN you come across and instead stick to known and reliable VPN providers, like Ivacy VPN.\n\nWith Ivacy VPN you will finally get access to all content online, and you will not have to worry about bandwidth limitations of any kind either. Moreover, you will get impenetrable security and anonymity, so you will not have to worry about being hacked or compromised ever again!\n\nTags : How to Increase Bandwidth\nLive Chat", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7726446390151978}
{"content": "\n\nWe landed on the moon. Our planet is older than 6,000 years. Climates change. Hollow-Earthers and Flat-Earthers are lunatics — but I love to see them keep trying to prove their point. As for the Fermi Paradox. Are we alone in the Universe? That depends on how you define ‘alone’. Or ‘life’ for that matter.\n\n\nMr. Allen is a professional science-fiction novelist and screenwriter. He is in a life-long pursuit to be a snappy conversationalist even with an aging mind prone to l’esprit d’escalier.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9985550045967102}
{"content": "Rhyane and Grace | Pre Wedding Film\n\nRhyane and Grace proved that they can reach the top of any mountain as long as they're together. Strong wind, the heat of the sun, a shower of rain, and a rainbow just made their prenup more exciting. Wait and see their story bound to unfold soon.\n\nLet's talk\n\n©2016 by Tsiboy Mallari Event Filmmaker. Pinoy Video Maker", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.525880753993988}
{"content": "Department of Sociology\n\nGuidelines for Writing a Letter of Intent/Statement of Purpose\n\nGuidelines for writing a letter of intent / statement of purpose:\n\nWe ask for a letter of intent in order to know about your interests in sociology and our program, along with your qualifications and readiness for a graduate study in sociology. You can use the questions below as the guidelines to write your letter of intent:\n\n\n* Your letter must not exceed 1000 words and must be written in Times New Roman 12p font with 1.5 line spacing\n\n\nWhat is your general area of interest and the topic that you want to study in our graduate program? What is the broader sociological relevance of this topic?\n\n\nWhat is your personal and educational background that led you towards this topic that you want to pursue in your graduate studies?\n\n\nWhy are you interested in our graduate program? Why do you think our program would fit your research interests?\n\n\n\n* Please do not ask the faculty members for help in writing your letter of intent", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8828076720237732}
{"content": "How and Why to Stay in Control of Your Cholesterol Levels\n\nNoel C. Battle, MD\nApril 13, 2021\n\nDespite our society’s focus on healthy eating and a vague general understanding that we should all be striving to “lower our cholesterol,” a lot of people don’t really understand what cholesterol is and how it affects the body.\n\nAnd that’s a problem — in part because there are no visible symptoms of high cholesterol, but more importantly because high cholesterol, if left untreated, can contribute to heart disease and stroke (cerebrovascular accident), two of the leading causes of death in the United States. And this problem can be classified as an epidemic — more than 35 percent of American adults have levels of cholesterol that are clinically considered too high.  \n\nFortunately, with a bit of knowledge, it’s easy to make proactive choices and sensible lifestyle decisions that will keep you healthy and in control of your cholesterol levels. \n\nWhat Is High Cholesterol?\n\nCholesterol is a waxy substance that everyone’s liver produces naturally. Despite being necessary for many bodily processes, it can’t travel through the bloodstream alone. It has to be carried by a particle known as a lipoprotein. There are two lipoproteins produced by the liver: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).\n\nThe function of LDL is to deliver cholesterol to the cells. In contrast, HDL helps to sweep away excess LDL cholesterol, returning it to the liver to be discarded.\n\nIf your body has too much LDL cholesterol, it will build up on the walls of your arteries, raising your risk for heart attack and blood clots, which may lead to a stroke.\n\nWhat Causes High Cholesterol?\n\nYour body can build up high levels of LDL cholesterol in a variety of ways. Diet is a major factor, as are genetics. \n\nSome people’s bodies naturally produce higher levels of LDL cholesterol, or may have a harder time removing LDL cholesterol from their bloodstream.\n\nDiet is the most influential cause of high cholesterol that we can control. Eating foods high in saturated and trans fats will cause elevated levels of LDL cholesterol. In general, the American Heart Association recommends keeping saturated fats as a small percentage of your daily food intake — as little as six percent if you’re trying to lower your cholesterol levels.\n\nOther lifestyle factors, including exercise and smoking, also impact your cholesterol levels. Exercising helps your body produce HDL cholesterol, which can lower your cholesterol levels by taking LDL cholesterol out of the body.\n\nResearchers believe that smoking inhibits our body’s production of HDL (good) cholesterol, but more importantly, it also damages blood vessels and arteries that are already vulnerable to LDL cholesterol buildup. \n\nHow Can I Prevent High Cholesterol?\n\nThere are many ways to lower your levels of LDL cholesterol and prevent it from building up in your arteries. Since there are no visible symptoms of high cholesterol, it’s easy to go through life not even knowing that you’re at risk. If you have a family history of heart disease, are overweight, or have other risk factors like diabetes, you should be getting your cholesterol checked at least every five years by your primary care provider. \n\nOnce your healthcare provider has a full picture of your cholesterol (also called a lipid panel or lipid profile), they can recommend effective treatments and specific screening intervals. Here are some of the most common treatment options for high cholesterol.  \n\n\nBy limiting high-cholesterol foods, you can cut down on the amount of unhealthy LDL cholesterol in your body. You should avoid the saturated fats and high sodium found in commercially packaged food products. If you have high cholesterol, your diet should include lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats like avocado and olive oil. Processed meats, fried foods, and sweets should be avoided, as they tend to have high levels of trans fats, salt, and/or sugar.\n\n\nGetting plenty of exercise can help lower high levels of cholesterol. Healthcare providers usually recommend getting at least 30 minutes of exercise five times a week.\n\nPreventive Care\n\nPreventive care is key to ensuring that your cholesterol levels remain under control. Your primary care physician will monitor your risk factors and regularly order screenings if you’re at risk. They can also recommend foods to avoid and guide you through lifestyle changes that will improve your heart health.\n\nLooking for a new primary care physician? Download the Carbon Health app today, or visit our website to learn more.\n\n\nNoel C. Battle, MD\n\nNoel C. Battle, MD, is a physician specializing in family medicine. He has been practicing since 2002, caring for patients of all ages, after receiving his medical degree from The Ohio State University College of Medicine and completing his family medicine residency at University of Illinois Chicago-Illinois Masonic. He enjoys every aspect of family medicine, especially chronic disease management. He s passionate about the intersection of technology, comprehensive healthcare, evidence-based medicine, and quality. Dr. Battle believes in fostering a great relationship with his patients, their loved ones, his staff, and his colleagues.\n\n\nRecently added", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9161874651908875}
{"content": "Puzzles in Pop Culture: The Challenge: Total Madness\n\ntotalmad head\n\n[Image courtesy of The Nikki Sin.]\n\n\n\nChallenge 35\n\n[Image courtesy of TV Guide.]\n\nAs you might expect, puzzles have worked their way into The Challenge from time to time. Memory games, riddles, anagrams, sliding tile puzzles, and variations on the Tower of Hanoi puzzle have all appeared in past seasons.\n\nThe most recent iteration of the show, The Challenge: Total Madness, pits the players against each other in the hopes of making it to the finals and winning a big cash prize.\n\nIn last week’s episode, the players arrived at a quarry, where a puzzly surprise awaited them: Decode and Detonate.\n\n\nThe players each had a sign bearing a sequence of symbols. Their job was to decode the sequence and display the correct decryption below the sign, using letter and number cards found in a box below the sign.\n\nBut in order to decode the sign, they would have to acquire the key to the puzzle.\n\nWell, keys.\n\n\nYes, the key indicating which symbols represented which letters / numbers was split between two boards a fair distance apart. With two puzzle keys to run to — and each key only bearing some of the symbols on your sign — you’re going to have to run to both puzzle keys at some point. And that doesn’t include any running back to your sign you have to do in order to decode the letters you can remember.\n\n\nOnce you’ve decoded your sign (and it’s been confirmed as correct by the judges), you have to run to a detonator and push down the plunger, blowing up one of the two trucks perched on the bluff high above. Out of 26 competitors, only 2 can push a detonator and win the game.\n\n\nThe players, as you might expect, had different strategies going into today’s challenge.\n\nSwaggy C, a rookie, bragged about relying on his photographic memory. CT, a veteran, immediately created a memorization tool for himself, associating each character with an image or something familiar so he could better remember it.\n\n\nJordan hoped to remember four or five symbols on his first run, figuring he could make up time because of his endurance. Fessy, meanwhile, kept it simpler, hoping to remember three symbols, because he thought trying to remember too many would cause him to jumble them up and get confused.\n\nWes opted to group the symbols in sets of four, hoping to keep each smaller bundle of characters in his brain more efficiently, and then make up time during the runs between stations.\n\n\nAfter a fair amount of running, Swaggy C and CT were neck and neck. Swaggy C was the first to call for a check — asking the judges to confirm his solution — but it was incorrect. So much for that photographic memory of his.\n\n\nCT called for a check and was correct, becoming the first competitor to run to one of the detonators and blow up a truck, earning him the win and power going forward in the game.\n\nWhen the truck exploded, all of the competitors, no matter how far away, now knew that someone had completed the puzzle. Only one spot left.\n\n\nYou might think people would pair up to divide and conquer, hitting both puzzle keys at once and reconvening to see how many letters they could cobble together as a team.\n\nNo one opted to pair up. But one player DID consult another player’s work.\n\n\nBayleigh took advantage of the fact that everyone was using the same code language. One of the other competitors, Jenny, had the same C-shaped coded letter Bayleigh had on her sign, and had placed a decoded letter beneath it. Bayleigh took a chance that Jenny was right about the decryption, and used the information to complete her sign’s coded sequence.\n\nWhen she asked for a check, it was correct. TRICKY. Not exactly in the spirit of the challenge, but effective nonetheless.\n\n\nBayleigh then sprinted to the second detonator and blew up the second truck, joining CT in victory and bringing the day’s challenge to a close.\n\n\nOne of the cleverest things about the way The Challenge uses puzzles is that they incorporate physical obstacles as well.\n\nFor instance, solving a puzzle on a hot day, and making the players run all over. As you get tired, you’re not in peak puzzle-solving condition, and it makes memorization and recall harder. Even if you have a (supposedly) photographic memory under normal circumstances, stressing the body always makes mental tasks more taxing.\n\n\n\n\n\nTo Solve This Murder Mystery, You Need to Break the Game\n\n[Image courtesy of Game Informer.]\n\nOur readership isn’t a predominantly video game-savvy audience. We have lots of app users and lots of pencil-and-paper solvers in the PuzzleNation membership, but fewer gamers.\n\nSo you may wonder why I periodically write about video games when it’s a niche interest for the majority of our readers. That’s an entirely fair question.\n\nAs a puzzle enthusiast, I’m constantly seeking out new ways to build puzzles and solve them. Brain teasers, word problems, riddles, and mechanical puzzles all fit under the umbrella of “puzzles,” but they’re all very different solving experiences. Similarly, there’s a huge difference between a pencil-and-paper puzzle and an escape room, a murder mystery and a scavenger hunt, an encrypted message and a puzzle box.\n\nBut they’re all puzzles. And that’s what I find so fascinating. There are endless ways to challenge ourselves in puzzly fashion, and video games are constantly innovating when it comes to puzzle-solving.\n\n[Image courtesy of Zelda Dungeons.]\n\nWhether we’re talking about navigating past guards with well-placed arrow shots in the Thief games, navigating the labyrinth of the Water Temple in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, or maneuvering around a room in mind-bending ways with your portal gun in Portal, video games can take 2D puzzle ideas and bring them into the third dimension in amazing ways.\n\nA friend recently told me about a game called Iris Fall, where you actually manipulate light and shadows in order to solve puzzles. That’s not just ingenious, it’s beautiful as well.\n\nThere are even games that let you change the rules of the puzzle itself in order to solve it.\n\n[Image courtesy of Born Frustrated Studio.]\n\nAnd another game in that vein recently came to market, a detective game called File://maniac.\n\nIn this murder mystery, you’re tasked with tracking down a devious murderer who happily taunts you with messages as you pursue them. But instead of pursuing leads and accomplishing tasks in more traditional detective-game format, you actually have to manipulate the files of the game itself as you play.\n\nYes, the very coding and organization of the game is the basis of the puzzles and codes for you to unravel.\n\nHeather Alexandra at Kotaku explains more:\n\nGetting rid of a locked door might require placing the door’s files in your recycling bin. Finding the password to a lock means opening up a handful of notebook files and searching until you find the code. It’s a different sort of puzzle solving, one that encourages the player to be aware of the game world’s artificiality… playing around with the actual game files creates a fun mixture of puzzling and “exploration” as you poke around folders and directories.\n\n[Image courtesy of Go Go Free Games.]\n\nIt’s a brilliantly meta concept. Whereas many games and puzzle experiences are all about immersion, ensuring you forget you’re playing a game and encouraging you to dive into the narrative and gameplay itself, File://maniac demands that you not only remember you’re playing a game, but forces you to think like the designers of the game to circumvent each challenge.\n\nIt’s like being trapped in a maze, then being able to shift your perspective to an overhead view of the maze and navigate yourself out with omniscient ease. It’s a total perspective shift, and the a-ha moment of figuring out how to change the rules to your advantage is an immensely satisfying reward.\n\nDo you know of any games out there that create unique and unexpected puzzly experiences? Let us know in the comments section below! We’d love to hear from you!\n\n\n\nPuzzleNation Product Review: ThinkFun’s Potato Pirates\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPotato Pirates is available from ThinkFun and other participating retailers.\n\n\n\nPuzzleNation Product Review: Hacker\n\n\n\n\n\nBut Hacker offers a new twist on this concept.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPuzzleNation Product Review: //CODE: On the Brink\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAn Escape Room in a Box!\n\n[Image courtesy of Escape Game Addicts.]\n\n\n\n\n\nFrom the announcement on Eventbrite.com:\n\n\n\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8899461627006531}
{"content": "Study: Successful retailers hurt more by COVID-19, unrest than less successful ones\n\nDan Berthiaume\nSenior Editor, Technology\nDan Berthiaume profile picture\n\nThe volatility and disruptions of 2020 impacted high-performing retailers more than their peers.\n\nThat’s according to a RSR Research survey of retailers in North America, the E.U., and U.K, which found that retail “winners” with comparable store/channel sales growth above the industry average of 4.5% were more likely to report having a “lot of impact” from a number of disruptions during 2020 than their average-performing or lagging competitors. \n\nThis disparity was found in disruptions including COVID-19 (70% of winners/55% of all other retailers), changes in customer expectations (58%/48%), weather events (42%/14%), social unrest (41%/27%), and boycotts (39%/23%). As to why the most successful retailers would be affected the most, RSR Research said that retailers experiencing the highest volume of sales would logically most feel the effects of the unprecedented volatility of the past year.\n\nAnother interesting disparity in how retailers are impacted by disruptions occurred in how retailers of different sizes have been affected by changing customer expectations. For example, 63% of the smallest respondents (less than $500 million in annual revenue) reported this as an issue, compared to only $48% of Tier 1 respondents with more than $5 billion in annual revenue). With smaller retailers depending on their intimate knowledge of their customers to remain competitive, RSR Research cautions this is not good news for small retail.\n\nIn addition, respondents in the grocery vertical were most likely to report being impacted by social unrest (63%), which RSR Research attributes to grocery stores staying open throughout the disruptions of 2020 as “essential” businesses.\n\nThe study also examined the leading business challenges retailers face in regard to store employees. Across all respondents, the top three store employee challenges were ensuring consistency of corporate directives across the chain (48%), increasing organizational visibility and control of store operations (47%), and delivering customer orders for store pickup accurately and efficiently (44%). \n\nOther common challenges included delivering customer orders outside the store in a convenient and accurate manner (42%), delivering customer orders for curbside pickup in a convenient and accurate manner (42%), enhancing the speed and accuracy of labor budgets that better align with each store (40%), and offering a conscientious, safe and consistent shopping experience in stores (37%).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.997636616230011}
{"content": "Digilabs Technologies Blog\n\nArchive for June 18th, 2009\n\nOne of the many different things we prepare our output is the usage of a Vector PDF. But what’s the big deal? Doesn’t PDF stand for a Portable Document Format? Isn’t a PDF just a PDF?\n\nThis turned out to be a long post. Longer than I thought it will be when i started. So, I broke it into three parts. The first part will layout the basics. Some of you might find it doesn’t tell them anything they don’t know already. Feel free to skip it if this is the case. The second post will tie it all together with emphasis on printing and output.\n\nWell, a PDF is indeed a portable document, and it will look “the same” on different devices. It just does not mean that all PDF’s are created equal. In other words, looking the same is the not the same as looking the best it can. So the way the PDF is built will effect the results you get, even if you don’t know it yet.\n\nLet me explain. Many of you might know it already, but some who are new to the world of digital printing might not yet be aware of all those details. I’ll try to put some sense into it all. I will avoid many technical details, but we’ll have to go into some of it from time to time.\n\nWe live in an analog world. In this world things are continues. I draw a line. I take my pencil, start form one point and go to another point and I have a line the width of my pencil. I’ll take a magnifying glass and look at it, it’s there! It’s looks wider, but is still the same line I drew. That is the analog world.\n\nA digital world, buy contrast, uses discontinuous values. The combination of a series of discontinuous values may fool us to think it is continues when in fact it is not. In real life we move around. This is analog. In the movies, the actors picture on the screen change at 30 frames per second, fooling our brain to think they are moving when in fact its a combination of discontinuous frames. This is digital.\n\nComputers are digital. The screen is a digital device. It is built out of many small points that can be turned on or off, and if you put a lot of them inside a tiny place it might fool the eye, but this is still a visual effect, not reality.\n\nEnough with this mambo jumbo! lets add some context. Remember the line I drew in the first paragraph? Lets draw it on a computer screen. I have a starting point and an end point. I turn pixels on the screen on and off to get the illusion of the line. But since the screen is digital, pixels are either on or off, and since my screen is a matrix of discontinuous pixels, they don’t always fall where the line should be. On the left, you can see my line on paper. On the right, how the same line might be represented on a screen.\n\n\nOkay, I admit. I did simplify things somewhat. Many smart people make a good living doing a better job in representing this line. They will use all kind of smoothing techniques, such as anti-aliasing or others to get better results, but you get the point.\n\nWhen we represent things on screen or paper, we can divide our inputs into two camps. The continuous tone camp and the line art camp.\n\nFor simplicity, lets say digital images are better represented by a continuous tone representation. In the real world it means a big array of pixels, each one with its own color. When enough pixels are crammed together is a small place, they fool the eye to look like a continuous tone image. We will call the number of pixels we put together in a given space the “display resolution”. There are more than one usage for the term resolution, but here we actually mean: “how many dots per inch do we have”. So when we say the image is displayed at 72 dots per inch (dpi), we actually say that when we display it on the screen, every square inch of the image contains an array of 72 by 72 pixels with color information in each. We can refer to this graphical representation as a bitmap (or a pixel map) image.\n\nThe image on the right is a small image on a scree. On the left, you can see what it really looks like on the screen if we look through a magnifier.\n\n\nOn the other end of the spectrum, we have the line arts. A line art is an image that is better defined as a combination of lines, curves and colors. Think about a clip-art or a cartoon. It is easier defines as a series of strokes, lines, geometrical shapes and colors than by a bitmap. Since those images are defined by geometrical shapes, they do not have an inherited resolution. I can take the geometrical shapes and scale them mathematically to any size I want before I render them to the screen (which we know by now is a digital device). So, when I use a line art image, I can get the best possible result for the specific output device. But more on that later.\n\nI know. By this time you all nod your head in understanding, but back in your mind you think, “who cares?”. After all, we mostly print and and deal with images, right? Wrong! The most common form of a “line art” we use are fonts. Okay, fonts are more complex than a typical line art and someone out there is annoyed by me treating them the same. So let me say just that. Fonts are more complex in their technology and definition and usage than I might suggest here, but for our little discussion lets define “line art” as anything that can be defined with lines and curves, including fonts.\n\nHow do you make a font look good at all sizes? Fonts, or at least modern fonts (like truetype or postcript), are defined as mathematical definitions of lines and curves to shape the look of a character. When displayed or printed, they are first mathematically scaled to the desired size and than are rendered to the output device. Did I say no inherited resolution? I guess the term resolution independent is a better term to use.\n\nLook at those two example.\n\nWhen we represent what should be a line art as a bitmap image, we impose a resolution on the item first. From now one, if we scale it, we always start with its resolution, same as the example of the image above. On the left we see the letter D. On the right is the top part of the same letter at a larger size. Since we started form a bitmap of the letter D and scaled it up, look how it looks like. This is called pixelation.\n\n\nBelow we have the same text, but this time, we started with the line art description of the font and kept it this way until the last minute before displaying it on screen. Note how the lines look compared to the same text above.\n\n\nThis is true not only for fonts, but for anything which is better described as a line art. Take a look at the clip art below. Left is the original, center when scaled from a bitmap and right when scaled from a vector file.\n\n\nSo what all of that has to do with PDF quality? This will be the subject of the next post.\n\nSubscribe to my feed\nJune 2009", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8712959885597229}
{"content": "How to Cook Lamb Chops to Crisp, Tender Perfection\n\nHere's how to give each and every kind of lamb chop the royal treatment.\n\nMarch 11, 2021\nPhoto by Rocky Luten\n\nLamb chops are a scrumptious, savory treat, and a lovely way to bring variety to the typical rotation of chicken, beef, and pork. Quick-cooking and tender—depending on the cut, of course—lamb chops also possess a uniquely rich character that pairs well with many different combinations of herbs and spices. Learn how to cook lamb chops to achieve the best possible result, and bring this impressive dish to the table more often.\n\nTypes of Lamb Chops\n\n\"Lamb chop\" is a broad term that can refer to several different cuts of meat. To understand how to cook a lamb chop, it's important to know which cut you're cooking. The two most popular kinds are rib chops and loin chops, but you'll also see shoulder (or blade), sirloin, and leg chops in the butcher's case from time to time.\n\nRib chops are cut from the rack: the primal cut from the upper part of the spine, below the shoulder. With a long rib bone attached to the round chop, rib chops are shaped a little like lollipops, or miniature tomahawk steaks. Some butchers even call them \"lamb lollipops,\" or lollipop chops. Rib chops are often sold \"frenched,\" meaning the bone has been thoroughly stripped of tissue, leaving a clean white handle (again, much like a lollipop). These chops are known for their exceptional tenderness, so they're also generally one of the more expensive cuts. For this reason, rib chops should be treated with care to avoid overcooking. Pan-searing for just a couple minutes on each side is recommended.\n\nLoin chops are similar to rib chops, but they're cut from the \"saddle\" part of the loin, farther down the spine. These chops are the ones that look like miniature T-bone steaks. Like rib chops, loin chops are also very tender. Because they're cut thicker than rib chops, and because they have a bone running through the center, loin chops can withstand more direct heat, making them good candidates for grilling, broiling, or roasting.\n\nShoulder chops are also known as blade chops. These cuts are usually less expensive than rib or loin chops because, although shoulder meat is delicious, the muscles there do more work, and therefore are not particularly tender. Consequently, shoulder chops are ideal for braising or slow-roasting, methods that allow the fat to render and the connective tissues to soften. That goes for the less-common \"arm chop\" as well.\n\nFarther down the animal are the sirloin and leg chops, sometimes also called leg steaks. In terms of tenderness, these cuts are somewhere between shoulder chops and rib chops. They hold up very well on the grill, and taste best cooked to an even medium temperature.\n\ngrab a spatula & cook with us\n\nSeasoning Lamb Chops\n\nSeasoning your chops is where cooking lamb gets really fun. Lamb's flavor profile lends itself to a wide variety of options drawn from many styles of cuisine. Fresh herbs, spice rubs, and sauces are generally the best methods for seasoning lamb. Marinades can work, too, but they usually don't add as much flavor as you'd think they would, and marinating lamb for too long can actually lead to unpleasant textures.\n\nIn terms of complementary flavor profiles, there's almost nothing that doesn't work well with lamb. Mediterranean flavors like rosemary and oregano, Indian spices like garam masala, Middle Eastern seasonings such as dukkah, and South American condiments like chimichurri all pair fabulously with lamb. Asian flavors like Chinese five spice also play well with this versatile meat.\n\nLamb Chop Temperature\n\nTemperature is by far the most critical aspect of cooking lamb chops. Undercooking even tender lamb chops can render them unpleasantly chewy, while overcooking will lead to tough, dried-out meat.\n\nRib chops should be cooked to about 130°F, while loin chops are better at 135°F or even 140°F. Leg, sirloin chops, and shoulder chops (unless you're braising them) should be cooked to between 140°F and 145°F. For best results, allow the chops to come to room temperature before cooking, and always use a quality, instant-read meat thermometer.\n\nWhat's your favorite way to make lamb chops? Let us know in the comments.\n\nCook More Lamb Chops\n\nSee what other Food52 readers are saying.\n\nPete Scherer\n\nWritten by: Pete Scherer\n\n\n2tattered April 4, 2021\nWhere’s the recipe for the lamb chops in the picture with peas and mint?\n2tattered April 5, 2021\nThank you!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.880123496055603}
{"content": "Is a thesis statement a question\n\nA persuasive thesis statement is a compelling thesis statement, which can also be termed as being argumentative, strives to show your readers an accurate claim which you back with evidence. For a majority of essays, be they policy, compare and contrast , narrative or argumentative, the thesis statement is often persuasive.\n\nCan a thesis be a question? How to ask question in thesis ... The most evident answer to this question is “you cannot shape your thesis statement in a form of question” because it’s simple – a statement is a statement, and cannot be a question. What is a thesis statement/research question? How do I ... Answer: A thesis statement (also called a research question) is considered the \"main point\" in academic writing. It brings organization and theme to your writing. Generally you should do preliminary research before creating your thesis and this statement may be revised during your research and writing process.\n\n\nHow to Write a Thesis Statement | Strategies, Tips and Examples 7 Aug 2018 ... Check these frequently asked questions regarding thesis statements we are asked by our readers and the answers that we have prepared:. How to Write a Good Cancer Thesis Statement These are not simple questions to answer without a properly crafted thesis statement. In essence, a thesis statement about cancer answers questions by offering ... Chapter 5. Putting the Pieces Together with a Thesis Statement Asking and then answering this question is vital to forming a thesis that is precise, ... On a sheet of paper, write a thesis statement for each of the following topics.\n\n\nYou might begin by explaining why the US was not eager to enter the war to begin with, and then you'll end your opening paragraph with your thesis statement. Be Sure Your Thesis Answers the Question. A thesis statement should be a concise sentence that shows how you'll answer the question you have been given. How to write a thesis for beginners - YouTube The basics of writing a thesis statement or introduction sentence. Check out the tutorial for works cited page help. ... How to answer TELL ME ABOUT YOURSELF interview question ... PDF How to Generate a Thesis Statement - How to Generate a Thesis Statement Your thesis statement should answer a question about the issue or theme you'd like to explore. In this situation, your job is to figure out the question to which you'd like to respond. Thesis Statement: writing a great essay introduction Thesis Statement: This is an important part of any essay as it tells the reader exactly what you are planning to tell them, or your viewpoint. This lesson shows you how to write a thesis statement for a short IELTS essay.\n\nDec 16, 2008 · Best Answer: A thesis statement is to an essay (or any long piece of expository writing) what a topic sentence is to a paragraph. It states the overall main idea. In an essay, it's good to make the thesis statement the last sentence of the first paragraph--i. e. the first paragraph is …\n\nWhat Is a Thesis Statement? A Simple Answer and Examples Are you wondering what a thesis statement is and what it is not? Here's a very simple but comprehensive explanations with many thesis statement examples. Thesis Statement Examples: Learn the Nitty-Gritty of… An engaging thesis statement must be logical, and cryptic.Well, there’re more to it and for apprehending rest of the factors, you need to read the full blog\n\nCan a thesis statement be a question? -\n\nBrainstorming - The Writing Center Do you see that you have more to say about one or two of the questions? Or, are your answers for each question pretty well balanced in depth and content? Was there one question that you had absolutely no answer for? How might this awareness help you to decide how to frame your thesis claim or to organize your paper? PDF Q: What is the difference between a working thesis and a ...\n\nHow to write a thesis statement - A step-by-step guide We'll now look at the process for writing a thesis statement. To do so, we will look at a few different questions so you can get a broad sense of what a thesis needs to do. How to Write a Thesis Statement in 5 Simple Steps Because the thesis statement still isn't perfect, we'll move on to the next essential component. How to write a thesis statement step #4: Create a mini-outline of the paper. A basic thesis statement will provide readers with a clear outline of your paper. It will tell readers what to expect in the upcoming paragraphs. PDF The Difference between a Research Question and a Thesis Statement The Difference between a Research Question and a Thesis Statement Many of us have been taught that in order to start a research paper we need a thesis statement, and while that's true, coming up with the thesis statement first is not necessarily a good way to start your research. Thesis Statements | Guides", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9826434850692749}
{"content": "More than 60 people were killed while clearing snow\n\n14:25, Tuesday, 19 January, 2021\nMore than 60 people were killed while clearing snow\n\nThe Japanese government will provide emergency financial assistance to the country’s northern regions, where there are not enough resources for snow removal. Kazuyoshi Wakaba, Minister of State Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism, of Japan, announced today at a press conference in Tokyo.\n     At a press conference in Tokyo, the minister added that more than 60 people had died while trying to clean their homes from the snow flooded them.\n     The Japanese minister added, “The government will quickly calculate the required amounts and provide for the safe removal of blemishes. We are very concerned about the killing of a record number of citizens during the snow disposal operations.”\n     According to the minister, the number of victims this year surpassed the previous sad record set in the winter of 2017-2018.\n     The majority of those killed during snow-clearing of buildings are older people who fell from the roofs of their homes while trying to clean them from the snow.\n\n| | |\n5107 | 0", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7359234094619751}
{"content": "How can J find out about upcoming availability?\n\n1) Please fill out the adoption application and indicate which list you would like to join anywhere on the form. This is a fillable online form and takes about 10 minutes to complete. Please see the blog post for details\n\n\n2) Email: Puppyinquiries@MABernedoodles.com\n\n3) I’ll then return a message immediately with the upcoming availability and we can go from there!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999572038650513}
{"content": "by Sam O’Bryant \n\nSince 2011, I have worked on projects and initiatives that have deliberately and intentionally discussed the role of race and equity in America. My work has included planning regional conferences on racial healing in the American South, hosting community conversations on race in the Delta, and even promoting black male achievement within urban education reform. Prior to 2011, when I worked in a local government office, I was able to incorporate messages about environmental justice into a largely commercialized discussion on the emerging green economy. In short, I speak equity and I likely know racism when I see it. If you add my personal experience of growing up in the Mississippi Delta, living in a voluntarily re-segregated community, one might say I have a unique perspective of understanding systemic racism from cradle to career. The one thing I can offer, having lived my life and worked this career, is that this work hasn’t gotten easier. Sure, I can deal with a lot. But I am not the problem. The work is tough and I hope this explains why.\n\n1) You Have to Understand That Racism and Oppression Evolves\nBecause we exist right now and see racism and oppression right now, it is easy to talk about fixing what’s wrong right now. But that can be a mistake. This happens most frequently when people speak on addressing poverty. This current state of poverty, which disproportionately impacts black people, did not happen yesterday or last night. And it likely won’t end in 3-5 years, per your recently approved grant award. This local concentration of poverty began when white politicians used government dollars to tear down black, middle class homes. It continued when these same politicians decided to erect an interstate highway through what used to be a middle class, black neighborhood. Removing home ownership, a means of wealth accumulation for most Americans, from a black community effectively puts them on a path to poverty… especially when housing segregation and redlining are the laws of the day. This is why baby girl, momma, and grandmomma can’t escape that cycle. You have to call out old policy and replace it with new, BOLD policy that changes systems and promotes equity. Teaching poor people to budget with money they don’t have doesn’t get them (or us) very far.\n\n2) You Have to Become Comfortable with Using Phrases Like “White Male Supremacy” in Mixed Company\nThroughout the history of America, oppression has been created and enabled by white men. These white men were usually in key positions of power, shaping and influencing the laws that govern us. The Supreme Court, established in 1789, was exclusively white and male until 1967. Even now, in 2017, the demographics for leadership in government, commerce, and non-profit organizations are overwhelmingly white and, often, male. No lie. This can be intimidating when working within these systems and trying to understand root causes of the problems we are tasked to address and, ultimately, solve. Even if race isn’t the issue (which is usually is), it will be adjacent to the issue and some bold soul has to speak that truth. And believe me when I say this, NOTHING gets a room quieter than saying white supremacy. But it is a reality that we have to deal with. If your organization is governed by mostly white men, its executive team is mostly white men, and they’ve never been intentional in hiring women or people of color in executive roles, the issue is white male supremacy. This doesn’t make them tiki-torch toting terrorists, it just means that they have no frame of reference beyond their own. And they don’t understand how that frame of reference oppresses people and suppresses opportunity for people that don’t look like them. But sometimes they do understand and that’s a whole ‘nother problem.\n\n3) People of Color Can Enable White Supremacy\nJust because you work in a majority black city, with an organization that overwhelmingly employs black people, and your clients are overwhelmingly black… that DOES NOT mean you are an agent of equity. Racism works systemically and this is why it is important to view things from a systemic view. Was this system originally built to empower people of color? Has the design of the system changed since people of color became the majority? Do you, as an employee, deliberately and intentionally, seek to create ways to empower people of color in this system? If you answered “no” to any of these questions, you probably enable white supremacy. The needs of people of color, black people in particular, are uniquely rooted in the oppression that was created specifically for them. Because racism is systemic, we have to be intentional in its dismantling. We can’t have good intentions and hope we’re doing the right thing. You have to game plan to do what enables equity… even if that means scraping the original and building something new.\n\n4) Creating Equity Can Be Lonely and You Might Get Fired\nRemember when I mentioned being bold about saying and using “white male supremacy” in meetings where the impact of white male supremacy is obvious? Yeah… that doesn’t win you many new friends and your old friends may not invite you to the next round of meetings. Equity is lonely work because it makes people uncomfortable before it makes them think. During that moment of being uncomfortable is when people start to lose friends or even lose their job. In professional sports, we have seen this played out with athletes. Colin Kaepernick is the most recent example. Despite being a Super Bowl caliber quarterback with stats better than, at least, 15 starting NFL quarterbacks, he can’t get a team to sign him. Why? Teams were uncomfortable with his stance… a stance rooted in criminal justice reform and the prosecution of egregious acts of police brutality. Although Colin is not employed, his stance gained traction as other players knelt or displayed a raised fist. Recently, the National Football League has endorsed criminal justice reform in a letter to be sent to the US Senate. It’s not the endgame, but it is progress.\n\nRemember that equity, as it is being marched out, is new to many organizations and new to many of those in leadership. There will be some misunderstandings. Some people will argue that it isn’t needed right now. Others will insist that it’s the same as equality. These people are wrong and need to stop talking. Simply put, equity is giving people what they need. It is not giving everyone the same thing. What people need can be best measured by taking a critical look at what they have been denied, systemically and historically.\n\n\nSam O’Bryant currently serves at the Senior Director for Equity & Partnerships at SchoolSeed Foundation. Sam is a graduate of Alcorn State University and is an advocate of historically black colleges and universities. In his spare time, Sam likes to figure what he’s going to do with his spare time.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8875508308410645}
{"content": "diamond city\n\n3.5 stars\n\nThis was an entertaining first book in a new YA fantasy series.\n\nAina Solís was an orphan living on the street when a brutal crime lord takes her in and trains her to be an assassin in a city built by magic and ruled by tyrants. As she climbs the ranks in the organization she dreams of striking out on her own and starting her own assassin club. Her boss gives her an impossible task – kill one of the most protected citizens in the city. If she completes the job, she will be given a huge payday and be free to open her own club with her bosses blessing.\n\nAina is laser focused on the job, but complications arise that will change her life forever. I can’t say more, otherwise it will spoil the story. I liked Aina and the other characters in the book. She was tough and kicked ass, but was still capable of having feelings for people and a sense of morality. The story was interesting and fast paced. There is an element of magic in the story and clearly there are more mysteries to uncover. I will definitely read more books in this series.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9491929411888123}
{"content": "Learn Docker With My Newest Course\n\n\nDocker Tip #51: Which Docker Compose API Version Should You Use?\n\n\nDocker Compose currently has 3 major API versions (v1, v2 and v3). Certain features are enabled / disabled depending on which one you use.\n\nYou have probably seen the version: '2' or version: '3' property at the top of a docker-compose.yml file right?\n\nShould You Ever Use v1?\n\nIf you don’t see a version property at all, that means you’re using v1 and nowadays that would be considered legacy and isn’t recommended. For starters, it doesn’t support named volumes, networking or custom build arguments. v1 will be deprecated at some point.\n\nYou can read all of v1’s limitations at Docker’s documentation.\n\nUpdate in 2021: The new Docker Compose spec supports not defining a version property and is the recommended way to go moving forward. It supports both v2 and v3 properties. That makes this tip a little outdated but I’m leaving it around for historical purposes.\n\nWhat about v2 or v3?\n\nA hard and fast rule would be to use the latest version, but you aren’t really hurting yourself if you use an older version which is compatible with your docker-compose.yml file.\n\nSome of the major differences between v2 and v3 is that v3 does not support using the volumes_from and extends properties. A whole bunch of the CPU and memory properties have also been moved to a deploy property in v3 instead.\n\nIt’s also worth mentioning if you happen to be using Docker Swarm, you’ll need to use v3+.\n\nA full list of what works with v2 and v3 can be found here.\n\nWhat about the docker-compose Binary Version?\n\nYou should always update to the latest version whenever possible because it will likely contain bug fixes. You can view the compatibility matrix on Docker’s site to see if your API version is compatible with a specific binary version (they are separate things).\n\nFree Intro to Docker Email Course\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.936718761920929}
{"content": "The oil and gas industry is considering deploying large gravity-based structures (GBS) into the high Arctic seas for year-round production where they will be exposed to multiyear ice loads. Conceptual studies of such structures suggest that the design for the ice load and the low draft requirement during deployment to the Arctic become key design aspects, focusing the attention on force-resisting strategies and ice wall design. A well-designed ice wall in combination with a well-thought-out ice resistance strategy can significantly reduce the cost and construction/installation schedule of a GBS. Ice walls made of steel/concrete/steel composite have the potential to provide significant robustness at a lower weight than typical all-concrete ice walls. Composite ice walls also provide the potential of more robust behavior than all-steel ice wall concepts. Composite walls, thus, promise great value as ice walls for Arctic structures. To validate composite ice walls, a testing program was conducted that applied high-intensity loads to beam specimens 1.8 meters long and 0.3 meter thick with varying degrees of plate stiffening and concrete confinement. Strength, stiffness, ductility, load paths, and failure mechanisms were evaluated. Test variables included temperature, concrete density and strength, load paths, and type of composite load-carrying system. The paper demonstrates the viability of composite ice walls. It presents the results of the testing program, discusses the proposed ice wall configuration and appropriate design procedures, and proposes the steps that have to be taken before composite ice walls can be applied for design and construction of an actual GBS.\n\nThis content is only available via PDF.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8927490711212158}
{"content": "Eight scenarios of the conflict in the Donbass\n\nUS, WASHINGTON (ORDO NEWS) —  All scenarios for resolving the conflict in the Donbass remain open – both those that Ukraine affects and those that can run in the Kremlin. Therefore, it is important to understand what consequences this or that choice will entail.\n\n“European Truth” publishes an excerpt from a study conducted by our partners, the center “New Europe”. Here the scenarios of the development of the situation around Donbass for the coming year are analyzed, on the basis of the fact that the Ukrainian authorities set a deadline for Russia and itself to choose a strategy for resolving the conflict.\n\nWhat was analyzed and how?\n\nIn what scenario can the conflict develop in the Donbass?\n\nOf course, the development of events cannot be predicted in detail. All kinds of scenarios are possible, their branching and so on. This article highlights the key, most discussed options for the development of events. The New Europe Center analyzed their consequences, threats, as well as opportunities that may arise in Ukraine.\n\nThe study details six main scenarios and two sub-scenarios:\n\n1) the status quo;\n2) freezing the conflict;\n3) the reintegration of Donbass on the principles of decentralization;\n4) autonomy or special status of Donbass;\n5) the military operation of Ukraine to return the occupied territories;\n6) Russian offensive (full-scale invasion of Ukraine);\n7 *) Ukraine’s withdrawal from the Minsk agreements;\n8 *) the introduction of a peacekeeping mission in the Donbass.\n\nIt is worth emphasizing once again that the last two options are rather sub-scenarios or tools for implementing the remaining scenarios – but because of their importance and the fact that they are a topic of discussion, both in Ukraine and in the partner states, they deserve special attention.\n\nIn addition to the analysis of the scenarios themselves and their consequences, we conducted a survey of 65 experts (38 Ukrainian and 27 foreign) to determine the most likely, according to experts, the most or least acceptable scenarios for Ukraine.\n\nThis study proceeds from the assumption that in the near future the Western sanctions policy regarding Russia will not change, that is, it will not become an independent factor determining the development of events in the Donbass. And if our optimism does not materialize and Western governments weaken sanctions, this, according to the CNE team, will launch the most negative scenarios in the Donbass. European Truth shares this assumption.\n\nThis analysis does not take into account unforeseen events that can rapidly and significantly change the balance of power on the continent.\n\nSuch events are usually called the “black swan.”\n\nAlso, we cannot rule out that in the longer term, Russia will resort to steps that now seem the least likely – for example, to recognize the “independence” of the occupied territories on the model of recognition of the occupied RF of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which are components of Georgia, or even the next annexation of these territories, as happened with the Crimea.\n\nHowever, this falls under our “status quo” scenario, according to which Moscow will retain its influence in the occupied territories and will strengthen it.\n\nSo, let’s start with it.\n\nScenario number 1. Status quo\n\nExperts consider this option to be the most probable of all other possible models for the development of the situation in the Donbass.\n\nTo a certain extent, Ukrainian society has already adapted to the situation in the east, and Russia does not experience significant financial and political losses from the upkeep of the “republics” (the budget of the Russian Federation costs about two billion dollars a year). And therefore, this scenario, with a high probability, will “work” for another year. However, this scenario cannot be called optimal for Ukraine.\n\nExperts rated its “desirability” at 4.09 out of 10. It means the continuation of hostilities, further human losses and the possible deterioration of the security situation in the frontline zone.\n\nThis scenario is costly for the state. In addition, Ukrainians may perceive the extension of the status quo as a demonstration of the insolvency or unwillingness of the authorities to resolve the conflict, contrary to election promises. Pro-Russian political forces may take advantage of a drop in confidence in the authorities. In addition, the longer the resolution of the conflict drags on, the more difficult it will be to reintegrate the Ordlo, because every year the inhabitants of the occupied territory only move away from Ukraine.\n\nSince compliance with the status quo depletes the Ukrainian budget, the question is raised how Ukraine can withstand the continuation of this scenario. Active and effective implementation of reforms (anti-corruption, decentralization reforms, law enforcement reforms, etc.), attracting foreign investment and a significant improvement in the economic situation will contribute to the financial stability of the country.\n\nOn the other hand, the status quo provides for an insignificant probability of a significant escalation of hostilities with a rapid increase in human losses.\n\nWhat should Ukraine do if this scenario becomes a reality?\n\nIt is necessary to build such communication with the population that would explain that, despite Ukraine’s compliance with the agreements (withdrawal of troops, compliance with the regime of silence, etc.) and readiness to make certain compromises, the situation cannot be moved from the dead point. For this reason, it is necessary to continue military operations aimed at protecting the unoccupied territory.\n\nThe status quo also does not exclude the possibility and necessity for Ukraine to establish a dialogue, to support those citizens who live in the occupied territories.\n\nScenario number 2. Conflict freeze\n\nFreezing the conflict in eastern Ukraine has both advantages and disadvantages. The biggest plus is a stable ceasefire and the absence of casualties among military and civilians. The ceasefire will also help normalize life in eastern Ukraine and reduce the flow of immigrants from the region. Against this background, the support of the current Ukrainian president is likely to increase, since the cessation of hostilities (not necessarily the resolution of the conflict!) Was one of his main promises in the election campaign and the largest engine for certain concessions in the dialogue with the Russian Federation (for example, the signing of the Steinmeier formula).\n\nIt would also make it possible to strengthen social and political cohesion in society if the contradictions due to the course of the conflict in the Donbass decrease. Also, a ceasefire will allow Ukraine to better focus on the reform process instead of focusing on daily military operations. However, the freeze scenario has significant drawbacks.\n\nRussia can use a stable ceasefire to shift the responsibility for non-compliance with the Minsk agreements to Ukraine. Russia will be able to adopt the argument “do not shoot – elections can be held.” Some Western countries are likely to support such a demand.\n\nAmong other shortcomings are the likelihood of lifting sanctions against Russia. There are already EU countries that would like to ease the sanctions regime, despite the lack of progress on the issue of conflict. The ceasefire on the Russian side may be an argument for countries such as Italy, France and others, which will lead to a split within the pro-Ukrainian coalition. And if this step is taken, then with a ceasefire and the lifting of sanctions, the conflict in Ukraine may lose relevance on the international agenda, which will weaken support for Ukraine in international forums and may reduce funding programs for Ukraine.\n\nFreezing a conflict can create a gray zone and a protracted conflict for decades. The experience of other regions, the same Transnistria, proves that the zone of frozen conflict is turning into a region of shadow business and illegal schemes, with the smuggling of not only goods but also weapons. Moreover, a long frozen conflict could make Ukraine’s EU and NATO membership even more distant than today.\n\nHow to act Ukraine to prevent this scenario? To stabilize the ceasefire and freeze the conflict in Ukraine, a peacekeeping mission should be deployed. For Ukraine, of course, the most desirable scenario would be a mission with access to the entire occupied territory and to the Ukrainian-Russian border.\n\nScenario number 3. Reintegration of Donbass on the basis of decentralization\n\nSuch reintegration is the scenario that Ukraine insisted on during the Geneva talks in April 2014. However, six years of hostilities have shown its low effectiveness, since Russia requires not only the provision of additional budget preferences to the regions, as provided for by the current decentralization process, but also the transfer of some national level competencies to Donetsk and Lugansk.\n\n“Decentralization” in accordance with the Russian vision should provide for the creation of “people’s militia” in the de-occupied territories; the right of local authorities to influence the formation of the judicial branch. Therefore, if decentralization is real in the medium or near term, it is most likely on the conditions of Russia.\n\nAnd this means de facto that autonomy and federalization of the region is another scenario that is extremely undesirable for Ukraine (more on this later). It is also important to take into account the fact that in Ukraine there is no opportunity for an examination and insufficient strategic vision of how decentralization should take place in de-occupied territories, therefore, even under the most favorable conditions, errors are likely that can lead to unpredictable consequences.\n\nThe armed leaders of Donetsk and Lugansk, who are under the influence of Moscow, will in every way resist the full inclusion of territories in the legal field of Ukraine. One of the key threats to this scenario is that a large part of Ukrainian society will not perceive the individual stages of reintegration based on decentralization, even based on the Ukrainian vision.\n\nSurveys of 2019 show that even the unoccupied part of the eastern regions of Ukraine favors a special status or federalization of the region. Therefore, reintegration based on general decentralization can be frustrated by local residents of Donbass, incited by Russia. It should also be borne in mind that in wider sectors of society there is no full support for all the elements of this scenario. The most talked about may be a decision on an amnesty for former militants.\n\nThe scenario provides for the gradual restoration of a full-fledged dialogue between Russia and Western countries. Sanctions that do not concern the annexation of Crimea will be lifted. Significant burden will be laid on Ukraine to restore reintegrated territories – according to preliminary estimates, we are talking about at least three hundred billion hryvnias.\n\nUkrainian support for the country’s course in NATO and the EU may decrease somewhat due to the return to the legal field of the state of millions of Ukrainians who do not perceive the western vector of development. It is possible that the ruling elites will temporarily abandon rhetoric about integration into the EU and NATO in order to restore public consensus.\n\nAt the same time, Russia will retain its political, economic, cultural, informational influence in Ukraine – especially in the eastern and southern regions.\n\nScenario number 4. Autonization or special status of Donbass (federalization of Ukraine)\n\nThis scenario is one of the least desirable, as it poses considerable threats to the social and political stability of Ukraine and will strengthen Russia’s influence. and at a certain stage, the Ukrainian government can promote de facto federalization under the guise of “decentralization,” but prolonged maneuvering is hardly possible.\n\nThe company generally does not perceive the option of “federalization” or “decentralization” according to the Russian model with the vesting of certain regions of Ukraine with the level of competencies that are usually characteristic of the central government. Surveys conducted in 2019 showed that no more than 25% of citizens support the special status (autonomy) of the territories now occupied. In this scenario, mass protests are almost inevitable in the country. There is no doubt that this can happen in Kiev and the western regions.\n\nAll this means that in the event of an attempt to implement such a scenario, Russia – even if it does not bring to completion the idea of ​​a special status for the Donbass – will be able to create serious lines of public split in Ukraine. A special status or autonomy can provoke a “parade of autonomies”, when other regions of Ukraine will demand such a status for themselves – thus, new centers of instability will appear.\n\nWestern countries will gradually establish dialogue with Russia, there will be a transition to business as usual. The annexation of Crimea de jure will not be recognized, but it will not interfere with cooperation. And because of the “influx” into the legal field of the country of almost three million voters of Donbass, who have not participated in the elections in Ukraine over the past five years, the pro-Russian presence in the political establishment will grow.\n\nIt is likely that, as part of the reconciliation, trials in international instances on disputes between Ukraine and Russia will be curtailed (first of all, we are talking about the UN International Court of Justice).\n\nThe only possible advantage: relative stability can contribute to the flow of Western investment in Ukraine, but in reality this prospect is rather doubtful. An investor will not go to a country with significant internal turbulence.\n\nThere is a possibility of Ukraine receiving international assistance to restore the destroyed Donbass, and this factor should not be overestimated, using international experience – Western elites quickly lose interest in supporting post-war societies.\n\nScenario number 5. Ukrainian military operation\n\nThe offensive operation to return the occupied territories is one of the most difficultly predicted scenarios. It is difficult to execute because it requires jewelry work and can lead to unpredictable consequences for any mistake.\n\nThe scenario could include a “blitzkrieg”, that is, a short-term special operation (offensive in certain areas), rather than a full-scale long war. A military operation is more likely not a scenario itself, but a tool for moving from the status quo to other, more positive scenarios.\n\nThe purpose of the scenario is to demonstrate strength, raise rates and create an element of surprise in order to bring the Russian Federation off balance and restart the negotiation process on more favorable terms for Ukraine.\n\nThe complexity of the implementation of this scenario is due to the need for negotiations with Western partners (separately from the EU and the USA), the development of a powerful communication and military strategy, the development of its own “alternative to Minsk” and so on.\n\nIn addition, for a successful implementation, the following scenario will be required:\n\n1) the unwavering position of the president and diplomats of Ukraine in negotiations with Western partners and Ukrainian society;\n2) preparation of the operation in a top-secret environment;\n3) significant economic costs;\n4) the creation of a reliable system of territorial defense (providing defense in the north and south of Ukraine);\n5) cohesion and coordination of all involved structures (OP, Verkhovna Rada, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Defense, General Staff, etc.);\n6) a long time for preparation.\n\nAccording to experts, the likelihood of such a scenario is extremely low and not least, given the high price and duration of its implementation. The feasibility of such a scenario, according to experts, also received a low score.\n\nRisks (loss of military and civilian populations, domestic economic and political destabilization, loss of Western support, the possibility of a full-scale war with the Russian Federation, etc.) significantly outweigh the possible benefits.\n\nScenario number 6. Russian offensive\n\nMaintaining the current status quo with the gradual depletion of the Ukrainian economy, when Ukrainian citizens are dying, and Russia still has a chance of getting out of international isolation, is a relatively inexpensive and advantageous option for Moscow. In addition, political transformation in Russia is a deterrent to the escalation of the conflict, because the latter can worsen relations between the Russian Federation and Europe and, most likely, will not contribute to Putin’s rating growth.\n\nHowever, it is also impossible to exclude a new full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. It would be logical to assume that the Russian Federation can begin to intensify hostilities only when it feels a significant change in the situation in Ukraine – some kind of active movement in NATO and the EU, stable economic growth and the like.\n\nThis scenario is by far the most dangerous and one of the least desirable. It can lead to another political instability in the country, to disappointment of the population, to a deep economic crisis. Integration into the EU and NATO, obviously, will disappear from the agenda for a long time, which, in fact, is the goal of Moscow’s policy towards Ukraine.\n\nWe are talking about the development of events according to the Georgian scenario of 2008 – an open military operation under the guise of “peace enforcement.” However, such a scenario will contribute to the cohesion of Ukrainian society. And, most importantly, it will lead to Russia’s forced recognition of its participation in the conflict.\n\nThis change in the status of the Russian Federation can cause reputational losses, cause a rollback in relations with the West, lead to the cancellation of Minsk and the search for new formats for resolving the conflict. Such a political price is one of the important factors that make a full-scale offensive not too profitable for Russia and, therefore, less likely.\n\nHowever, in the event that Russia feels the need to intensify hostilities, it will be more likely to use less radical means than a full-scale offensive, such as exacerbating undeclared operations, the use of “green men”, “separatist movements” and the like.\n\nScenario No. 7 * (first sub-scenario). Exit of Ukraine from Minsk\n\nThe Minsk agreements in recent years have been at the core of all international negotiations on the Donbass. But are they indestructible? What happens if their action ceases?\n\nThe exit from Minsk will have the greatest impact on relations between Ukraine and the West, primarily with Germany and partly France, while this step will not have significant consequences for the state of affairs in Ukraine itself. There are three conditions under which an exit from Minsk would be understood.\n\nFirst, an alternative settlement plan, coordinated and approved by Western partners, will be needed.\n\nSuch an alternative scenario would be especially appropriate at the time of the change of power in Germany – the new chancellor does not have such a link to the Minsk agreements as the current one. One of the alternative scenarios could be the scenario of introducing a peacekeeping mission with the creation of an international transitional administration in the Donbass. The potential allies in this matter for Ukraine could be the United States, which does not have a sufficiently clear link to Minsk, like its European partners.\n\nToday, in key EU countries, almost everyone is skeptical of Ukraine’s ability to offer an effective alternative to Minsk.\n\nSecondly, Ukraine must demonstrate a serious violation of the Minsk agreements by the Russian Federation, which would prove the impossibility (or reluctance) of the Russian Federation to comply with them.\n\nIt is worth noting here that Ukraine already had such grounds even after the so-called “DPR or LPR” elections, which were a clear violation of the agreements, but they did not use this right in Kiev.\n\nThirdly, there should be a willingness to lift sanctions against the Russian Federation by the European Union, which are formally “tied” to the implementation of the Minsk agreements.\n\nIt is worth noting that the withdrawal from the Minsk agreements, even under favorable conditions, should be accompanied by serious preparatory diplomatic, coordination and communication work.\n\nWith a deeper analysis, Ukraine’s withdrawal from the Minsk agreements is more beneficial for the Russian Federation than for Ukraine.\n\nTherefore, the interviewed experts consider the best scenario for Ukraine not a way out of Minsk, but its modernization, which is generally positively perceived by Western partners. Accordingly, now the strategy of Ukraine should be reduced to the following statement of the question inside and outside: “either the modernization of Minsk, or another dead end.”\n\nAnd Putin’s reluctance to adjust the Minsk agreements should be communicated as a reluctance to resolve the conflict.\n\nScenario No. 8 * (second sub-scenario). The introduction of a peacekeeping mission throughout the territory of the Ordlo\n\nThe appearance of peacekeepers in the Donbass, including, at the Ukrainian-Russian border, is considered the most popular of all other possible models for the development of the situation in the Donbass.\n\nGiven an optimally selected mission mandate and effective distribution of responsibility between the Ukrainian authorities and the leadership of peacekeepers, the likelihood of a lasting peace in the occupied territories can be high.\n\nUkraine will be able to begin the process of reintegration of the Donbass and pay more attention to European and Euro-Atlantic integration, in particular, the implementation of reforms. The scenario may increase confidence in government.\n\nOn the other hand, the introduction of a mission may lead to a partial lifting of sanctions against Russia. In addition, Crimea may disappear from the international agenda for a long time, because the “Ukrainian crisis” can be considered resolved. There is also a risk that Ukrainians will have high expectations from peacekeepers who, contrary to misconception, will neither be able to fight on the side of Ukraine, nor complete peace in a short time.\n\nAnd due to the length of the mission, the de facto mission may have the consequences of freezing the conflict.\n\nDespite the fact that 59% of the Ukrainian population is positive about the introduction of the mission, supporters of the peacekeeping scenario may have a different, sometimes mutually exclusive understanding of which mission mandate is optimal for Ukraine.\n\nFor example, the part of the HLS electorate that generally welcomes the introduction of peacekeepers into the ORDLO (32%) is more likely to support the “Russian version” of the mission (peacekeepers exclusively on the contact line), as well as the composition of the mission favorable to the Russian Federation (for example, representatives of Moscow’s CIS countries )\n\nTherefore, when communicating the scenario with the general public, it should be clearly defined which mandate is most desired and why.\n\nHowever, the likelihood of such a scenario being realized is so far assessed as low.\n\nRussia is unprofitable for such a peacekeeping mission that would help Ukraine regain control of the Ordlo. Judging by the latest statements, Russia is no longer interested in the peacekeeping mission in the Donbass, even in the format that Vladimir Putin spoke in September 2017 (only on the front line).\n\nAt the same time, Western experts believe that the transitional administration format, with full control over the ORLDO, to the special representative of the UN Secretary General, can create certain threats for Ukraine, because Russia will try to control the work of peacekeepers at the UN Security Council level. At the same time, a “supervised transition” format is proposed, according to which the mission and Ukraine will jointly make decisions on all key political and administrative issues in the Ordlo.\n\nThis scenario cannot be considered separately from other conflict resolution models and is rather a tool to enhance their effectiveness.\n\nGiven the “flexibility of Minsk,” the peacekeeping mission should try to fit into the current format of negotiations with Russia or propose a format for the transitional international administration (UN and OSCE) as an alternative to Minsk.\n\n\nOur Standards, Terms of Use: Standard Terms And Conditions.\n\nContact us: [email protected]\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9962916970252991}
{"content": "First published Tue Aug 24, 2004; substantive revision Fri Jul 20, 2018\n\n\nThe following sections will trace the intellectual antecedents of contemporary functionalism, sketch the different types of functionalist theories, and discuss the most serious objections to them.\n\n1. What is Functionalism?\n\nFunctionalism is the doctrine that what makes something a thought, desire, pain (or any other type of mental state) depends not on its internal constitution, but solely on its function, or the role it plays, in the cognitive system of which it is a part. More precisely, functionalist theories take the identity of a mental state to be determined by its causal relations to sensory stimulations, other mental states, and behavior.\n\nFor (an avowedly simplistic) example, a functionalist theory might characterize pain as a state that tends to be caused by bodily injury, to produce the belief that something is wrong with the body and the desire to be out of that state, to produce anxiety, and, in the absence of any stronger, conflicting desires, to cause wincing or moaning. According to this theory, all and only creatures with internal states that meet these conditions, or play these roles, are capable of being in pain.\n\nSuppose that, in humans, there is some distinctive kind of neural activity (C-fiber stimulation, for example) that meets these conditions. If so, then according to this functionalist theory, humans can be in pain simply by undergoing C-fiber stimulation. But the theory permits creatures with very different physical constitutions to have mental states as well: if there are silicon-based states of hypothetical Martians or inorganic states of hypothetical androids that also meet these conditions, then these creatures, too, can be in pain. As functionalists often put it, pain can be realized by different types of physical states in different kinds of creatures, or multiply realized. (See entry on multiple realizability.) Indeed, since descriptions that make explicit reference only to a state's causal relations with stimulations, behavior, and one another are what have come to be known as “topic-neutral” (Smart 1959) — that is, as imposing no logical restrictions on the nature of the items that satisfy the descriptions — then it's also logically possible for non-physical states to play the relevant roles, and thus realize mental states, in some systems as well. So functionalism is compatible with the sort of dualism that takes mental states to cause, and be caused by, physical states.\n\nStill, though functionalism is officially neutral between materialism and dualism, it has been particularly attractive to materialists, since many materialists believe (or argue; see Lewis, 1966) that it is overwhelmingly likely that any states capable of playing the roles in question will be physical states. If so, then functionalism can stand as a materialistic alternative to the Psycho-Physical Identity Thesis (introduced in Place 1956, Feigl 1958, and Smart 1959, and defended more recently in Hill 1991, and Polger 2011), which holds that each type of mental state is identical with a particular type of neural state. This thesis seems to entail that no creatures with brains unlike ours can share our sensations, beliefs, and desires, no matter how similar their behavior and internal organization may be to our own, and thus functionalism, with its claim that mental states can be multiply realized, has been regarded as providing a more inclusive, less “(species-) chauvinistic” (Block 1980b) — theory of the mind that is compatible with materialism. (More recently, however, some philosophers have contended that the identity thesis may be more inclusive than functionalists assume; see Section 6 for further discussion.)\n\nWithin this broad characterization of functionalism, however, a number of distinctions can be made. One of particular importance is the distinction between theories in which the functional characterizations of mental states purport to provide analyses of the meanings of our mental state terms (or otherwise restrict themselves to a priori information), and theories that permit functional characterizations of mental states to appeal to information deriving from scientific experimentation (or speculation). (See Shoemaker 1984c, and Rey 1997, for further discussion and more fine-grained distinctions.) There are other important differences among functionalist theories as well. These (sometimes orthogonal) differences, and the motivations for them, can best be appreciated by examining the origins of functionalism and tracing its evolution in response both to explicit criticisms of the thesis and changing views about the nature of psychological explanation.\n\n2. Antecedents of Functionalism\n\nAlthough functionalism attained its greatest prominence as a theory of mental states in the last third of the 20th century, it has antecedents in both modern and ancient philosophy, as well as in early theories of computation and artificial intelligence.\n\n2.1 Early Antecedents\n\nThe earliest view that can be considered an ancestor of functionalism is Aristotle's theory of the soul (350 BCE). In contrast to Plato's claim that the soul can exist apart from the body, Aristotle argued (De Anima Bk. II, Ch. 1) that the (human) soul is the form of a natural, organized human body — the set of powers or capacities that enable it to express its “essential whatness”, which for Aristotle is a matter of fulfilling the function or purpose that defines it as the kind of thing it is. Just as the form of an axe is whatever enables it to cut, and the form of an eye is whatever enables it to see, the (human) soul is to be identified with whichever powers and capacities enable a natural, organized human body to fulfill its defining function, which, according to Aristotle, is to survive and flourish as a living, acting, perceiving, and reasoning being. So, Aristotle argues, the soul is inseparable from the body, and comprises whichever capacities are required for a body to live, perceive, reason, and act. (See Shields, 1990, and Nelson, 1990, for further debate about whether Aristotle's view can be considered to be a version of functionalism.)\n\nA second, relatively early, ancestor of contemporary functionalism is Hobbes's (1651) account of reasoning as a kind of computation that proceeds by mechanistic principles comparable to the rules of arithmetic. Reasoning, he argues, is “nothing but reckoning, that is adding and subtracting, of the consequences of general names agreed upon for the marking and signifying of our thoughts.” (Leviathan, Ch. 5) In addition, Hobbes suggests that reasoning — along with imagining, sensing, and deliberating about action, all of which proceed according to mechanistic principles — can be performed by systems of various physical types. As he puts it in his Introduction to Leviathan, where he likens a commonwealth to an individual human, “why may we not say that all automata (engines that move themselves by springs and wheels…) have an artificial life? For what is the heart but a spring; and the nerves but so many strings, and the joints but so many wheels…”. It was not until the middle of the 20th century, however, that it became common to speculate that thinking may be nothing more than rule-governed computation that can be carried out by creatures of various physical types.\n\n2.2 Thinking Machines and the “Turing Test”\n\nIn a seminal paper (Turing 1950), A.M. Turing proposed that the question, “Can machines think?” can be replaced by the question, “Is it theoretically possible for a finite state digital computer, provided with a large but finite table of instructions, or program, to provide responses to questions that would fool an unknowing interrogator into thinking it is a human being?” Now, in deference to its author, this question is most often expressed as “Is it theoretically possible for a finite state digital computer (appropriately programmed) to pass the Turing Test?” (See Turing Test entry.)\n\nIn arguing that this question is a legitimate replacement for the original (and speculating that its answer is “yes”), Turing identifies thoughts with states of a system defined solely by their roles in producing further internal states and verbal outputs, a view that has much in common with contemporary functionalist theories. Indeed, Turing's work was explicitly invoked by many theorists during the beginning stages of 20th century functionalism, and was the avowed inspiration for a class of theories, the “machine state” theories most firmly associated with Hilary Putnam (1960, 1967) that had an important role in the early development of the doctrine.\n\n2.3 Behaviorism\n\nOther important recent antecedents of functionalism are the behaviorist theories that emerged in the early-to-mid twentieth century. These include both the empirical psychological theories associated primarily with Watson and Skinner, and the “logical” or “analytical” behaviorism of philosophers such as Malcolm (1968) and Ryle (1949) (and, arguably, Wittgenstein 1953). Though functionalism is significantly different from behaviorism in that the latter attempts to explain behavior without any reference whatsoever to mental states and processes, the development of two important strains of functionalism, “psychofunctionalism” and “analytical” functionalism, can both be profitably viewed as attempts to rectify the difficulties, respectively, of empirical and logical behaviorism, while retaining certain important insights of those theories.\n\nAs an empirical psychological theory, behaviorism holds that the behavior of humans (and other animals) can be explained by appealing solely to behavioral dispositions, that is, to the lawlike tendencies of organisms to behave in certain ways, given certain environmental stimulations. Behavioral dispositions, unlike thoughts, feelings, and other internal states that can be directly observed only by introspection, are objectively observable and are indisputably part of the natural world. Thus they seemed to be fit entities to figure centrally in the emerging science of psychology. Also, behaviorist theories promised to avoid a potential regress that appeared to threaten psychological explanations invoking internal representations, namely, that to specify how such representations produce the behaviors in question, one must appeal to an internal intelligent agent (a “homunculus”) who interprets the representations, and whose skills would themselves have to be explained.\n\nThe promise of behaviorism lay in its conviction that there could be a science of human behavior as objective and explanatory as other “higher-level” sciences such as chemistry and biology. Behaviorism indeed had some early successes, especially in the domain of animal learning, and its principles are still used, at least for heuristic purposes, in various areas of psychology. But as many psychologists (and others, e.g. Chomsky 1959) have argued, the successes of behaviorism seem to depend upon the experimenters' implicit control of certain variables which, when made explicit, involve ineliminable reference to organisms' other mental states. For example, rats are typically placed into an experimental situation at a certain fraction of their normal body weight — and thus can be assumed to feel hunger and to want the food rewards contingent upon behaving in certain ways. Similarly, it is assumed that humans, in analogous experimental situations, want to cooperate with the experimenters, and understand and know how to follow the instructions. It seemed to the critics of behaviorism, therefore, that theories that explicitly appeal to an organism's beliefs, desires, and other mental states, as well as to stimulations and behavior, would provide a fuller and more accurate account of why organisms behave as they do. They could do so, moreover, without compromising the objectivity of psychology as long as the mental states to which these theories appeal are introduced as states that together play a role in the production of behavior, rather than states identifiable solely by introspection. Thus work was begun on a range of “cognitive” psychological theories which reflected these presumptions, and an important strain of contemporary functionalism, “psycho-functionalism” (Fodor 1968, Block and Fodor 1972) can be seen a philosophical endorsement of these new cognitive theories of mind.\n\nLogical behaviorism, in contrast to behaviorism as a psychological theory, is a thesis about the meanings of our mental state terms or concepts. According to logical behaviorism, all statements about mental states and processes are equivalent in meaning to statements about behavioral dispositions. So, for (again, an overly simplified) example, “Henry has a toothache” would be equivalent in meaning to a statement such as “Henry is disposed (all things being equal) to cry out or moan and to rub his jaw”. And “Amelia is thirsty” would be equivalent to a statement such as “If Amelia is offered some water, she will be disposed (all things being equal) to drink it.” These candidate translations, like all behavioristic statements, eschew reference to any internal states of the organism, and thus do not threaten to denote, or otherwise induce commitment to, properties or processes (directly) observable only by introspection. In addition, logical behaviorists argued that if statements about mental states were equivalent in meaning to statements about behavioral dispositions, there could be an unproblematic account of how mental state terms could be applied both to oneself and others, and how they could be taught and learned.\n\nHowever, as many philosophers have pointed out (Chisholm 1957; Geach 1957), logical behaviorism provides an implausible account of the meanings of our mental state terms, since, intuitively, a subject can have the mental states in question without the relevant behavioral dispositions — and vice versa. For example, Gene may believe that it's going to rain even if he's not disposed to wear a raincoat and take an umbrella when leaving the house (or to perform any other cluster of rain-avoiding behaviors), if Gene doesn't mind, or actively enjoys, getting wet. And subjects with the requisite motivation can suppress their tendencies to pain behavior even in the presence of excruciating pain, while skilled actors can perfect the lawlike disposition to produce pain behavior under certain conditions, even if they don't actually feel pain. (Putnam 1965) The problem, these philosophers argued, is that no mental state, by itself, can be plausibly assumed to give rise to any particular behavior unless one also assumes that the subject possesses additional mental states of various types. And so, it seemed, it was not in fact possible to give meaning-preserving translations of statements invoking pains, beliefs, and desires in purely behavioristic terms. Nonetheless, the idea that our common sense concepts of mental states reveal an essential tie between mental states and their typical behavioral expressions is retained, and elaborated, in contemporary “analytic” functionalist theories.\n\n3. Varieties of Functionalism\n\nGiven this history, it is helpful to think of functionalist theories as belonging to one of three major strains — “machine functionalism”, “psychofunctionalism” and “analytic functionalism” — and to see them as emerging, respectively, from early AI theories, empirical behaviorism, and logical behaviorism. It's important to recognize, however, that there is at least some overlap in the bloodlines of these different strains of functionalism, and also that there are functionalist theories, both earlier and more recent, that fall somewhere in between. For example, Wilfrid Sellars's (1956) account of mental states as “theoretical entities” is widely regarded as an important early version of functionalism, but it takes the proper characterization of thoughts and experiences to depend partially on their role in providing a scientific explanation of behavior, and partly on what he calls the “logic”, or the a priori interrelations, of the relevant concepts. Still, it is instructive to give separate treatment to the three major strains of the doctrine, as long as these caveats are kept in mind.\n\n3.1 Machine State Functionalism\n\nThe early functionalist theories of Putnam (1960, 1967) can be seen as a response to the difficulties facing behaviorism as a scientific psychological theory, and as an endorsement of the (new) computational theories of mind which were becoming increasingly significant rivals to it. (But see Putnam 1988, for subsequent doubts about machine functionalism, Chalmers 1996b, for a response, and Shagrir 2005, for a comprehensive account of the evolution of Putnam's views on the subject)\n\nAccording to Putnam's machine state functionalism, any creature with a mind can be regarded as a Turing machine (an idealized finite state digital computer), whose operation can be fully specified by a set of instructions (a “machine table” or program) each having the form:\n\nIf the machine is in state Si, and receives input Ij, it will go into state Sk and produce output Ol (for a finite number of states, inputs and outputs).\n\nA machine table of this sort describes the operation of a deterministic automaton, but most machine state functionalists (e.g. Putnam 1967) take the proper model for the mind to be that of a probabilistic automaton: one in which the program specifies, for each state and set of inputs, the probability with which the machine will enter some subsequent state and produce some particular output.\n\nOn either model, however, the mental states of a creature are to be identified with such “machine table states” (S1,…,Sn). These states are not mere behavioral dispositions, since they are specified in terms of their relations not only to inputs and outputs, but also to the state of the machine at the time. For example, if believing it will rain is regarded as a machine state, it will not be regarded as a disposition to take one's umbrella after looking at the weather report, but rather as a disposition to take one's umbrella if one looks at the weather report and is in the state of wanting to stay dry. So machine state functionalism can avoid what many have thought to be a fatal difficulty for behaviorism. In addition, machines of this sort provide at least a simple model of how internal states whose effects on output occur by means of mechanical processes can be viewed as representations (though the question of what, exactly, they represent has been an ongoing topic of discussion (see sections 4.4–5). Finally, machine table states are not tied to any particular physical (or other) realization; the same program, after all, can be run on different sorts of computer hardware.\n\nIt's easy to see, therefore, why Turing machines provided a fruitful model for early functionalist theories. However, because machine table states are total states of a system, the early functionalist equation of mental states with machine table states faded in importance as a model for the functional characterization of the complex of distinct internal states that can be simultaneously realized in a human (or other) subject (Block and Fodor 1972; Putnam 1973). Nonetheless, the idea that internal states can be fully described in terms of their relations to input, output, and one another, and can figure in lawlike descriptions, and predictions, of a system's output, was a rich and important idea that is retained by contemporary functionalist theories. And many functionalists (e.g. Rey 1997) argue that mental states are best regarded as computational states (but see Piccinini 2004 for dissent and the entry The Computational Theory of Mind for a comprehensive discussion of this question).\n\n3.2 Psycho-Functionalism\n\nA second strain of functionalism, psycho-functionalism, derives primarily from reflection upon the goals and methodology of “cognitive” psychological theories. In contrast to the behaviorists' insistence that the laws of psychology appeal only to behavioral dispositions, cognitive psychologists argue that the best empirical theories of behavior take it to be the result of a complex of mental states and processes, introduced and individuated in terms of the roles they play in producing the behavior to be explained. For example (Fodor's, in his 1968, Ch. 3), a psychologist may begin to construct a theory of memory by postulating the existence of “memory trace” decay, a process whose occurrence or absence is responsible for effects such as memory loss and retention, and which is affected by stress or emotion in certain distinctive ways.\n\nOn a theory of this sort, what makes some neural process an instance of memory trace decay is a matter of how it functions, or the role it plays, in a cognitive system; its neural or chemical properties are relevant only insofar as they enable that process to do what trace decay is hypothesized to do. And similarly for all mental states and processes invoked by cognitive psychological theories. Cognitive psychology, that is, is intended by its proponents to be a “higher-level” science like biology, and thus to have autonomy from lower-level sciences such as neurophysiology: just as, in biology, physically disparate entities can all be hearts as long as they function to circulate blood in a living organism, and physically disparate entities can all be eyes as long as they enable an organism to see, disparate physical structures or processes can be instances of memory trace decay — or more familiar phenomena such as thoughts, sensations, and desires — as long as they play the roles described by the relevant cognitive theory.\n\nPsycho-functionalism, therefore, can be seen as straightforwardly adopting the methodology of cognitive psychology in its characterization of mental states and processes as entities defined by their role in a cognitive psychological theory. All versions of functionalism, however, can be regarded as characterizing mental states in terms of their roles in some psychological theory or other. (A more formal account of this will be given in Section 4.1 below.) What is distinctive about psycho-functionalism is its claim that mental states and processes are just those entities, with just those properties, postulated by the best scientific explanation of human behavior. This means, first, that the form of the theory can diverge from the “machine table” specifications of machine state functionalism. It also means that the information used in the functional characterization of mental states and processes needn't be restricted to what is considered common knowledge or common sense, but can include information available only by careful laboratory observation and experimentation. For example, a psychofunctional theory might be able to distinguish phenomena such as depression from sadness or listlessness even though the distinctive causes and effects of these syndromes are difficult to untangle solely by consulting intuitions or appealing to common sense. And psychofunctional theories will not include characterizations of mental states for which there is no scientific evidence, such as buyer's regret or hysteria, even if the existence and efficacy of such states is something that common sense affirms.\n\nThis may seem to be an unmitigated advantage, since psycho-functional theories can avail themselves of all the tools of inquiry available to scientific psychology, and will presumably make all, and only, the distinctions that are scientifically sound. This methodology, however, leaves psycho-functionalism open to the charge that it, like the Psycho-Physical Identity Thesis, may be overly “chauvinistic” (Block 1980b), since creatures whose internal states share the rough, but not fine-grained, causal patterns of ours wouldn't count as sharing our mental states. Many psycho-functionalists may not regard this as an unhappy consequence, and argue that it's appropriate to treat only those who are psychologically similar as having the same mental states. But there is a more serious worry about the thesis, namely, that if the laws of the best empirical psychological theories diverge from even the broad contours of our “folk psychology” — that is, our common sense beliefs about the causal roles of our thoughts, sensations, and perceptions — it will be hard to take psycho-functional theories as providing an account of our mental states, rather than merely changing the subject (Loar 1981, Stich 1983, Greenwood 1991). Many theorists, however (Horgan and Woodward 1985), argue that it's likely that future psychological theories will be recognizably close to “folk psychology”, though this question has been the subject of debate (Churchland 1981).\n\nBut there is another important strain of functionalism, “analytic” functionalism, that takes there to be reason to restrict the defining theory not just to generalizations sufficiently close to those that “the folk” take to hold between mental states, environmental stimulations, and behavior, but rather to a priori information about these relations. (See Smart 1959, Armstrong 1968, Shoemaker 1984a,b,c, Lewis 1972, and Braddon-Mitchell and Jackson 1996/2007.) This is because, for analytic functionalists, there are equally important goals that require strictly a priori characterizations of mental states.\n\n3.3 Analytic Functionalism\n\nLike the logical behaviorism from which it emerged, the goal of analytic functionalism is to provide “topic-neutral” translations, or analyses, of our ordinary mental state terms or concepts. Analytic functionalism, of course, has richer resources than logical behaviorism for such translations, since it permits reference to the causal relations that a mental state has to stimulations, behavior, and other mental states. Thus the statement “Blanca wants some coffee” need not be rendered, as logical behaviorism requires, in terms such as “Blanca is disposed to order coffee when it is offered”, but rather as “Blanca is disposed to order coffee when it is offered, if she has no stronger desire to avoid coffee”. But this requires any functional “theory” acceptable to analytic functionalists to include only generalizations about mental states, their environmental causes, and their joint effects on behavior that are so widely known and “platitudinous” as to count as analyzing our ordinary concepts of the mental states in question.\n\nA good way to see why analytic functionalists insist that functional characterizations provide meaning analyses is to revisit a debate that occurred in the early days of the Psycho-Physical Identity Theory, the thesis that each type of mental state can be identified with some type of brain state or neural activity. For example, early identity theorists (e.g. Smart 1959) argued that it makes perfect sense (and may well be true) to identify pain with C-fiber stimulation. The terms ‘pain’ and ‘C-fiber stimulation’, they acknowledged, do not have the same meaning, but nonetheless they can denote the same state; the fact that an identity statement is not a priori, they argued, does not mean that it is not true. And just because I need not consult some sort of brain scanner when reporting that I'm in pain doesn't mean that the pain I report is not a neural state that a brain scanner could (in principle) detect.\n\nAn important — and enduring — objection to this argument, however, was raised early on by Max Black (reported in Smart 1959). Black argued, following Frege (1892), that the only way that terms with different meanings can denote the same state is to express different properties, or “modes of presentation” of that state. But this implies, he argued, that if terms like ‘pain’, ‘thought’ and ‘desire’ are not equivalent in meaning to any physicalistic descriptions, they can denote physical states only by expressing irreducibly mental properties of them. Thus, even if ‘pain’ and ‘C-fiber stimulation’ pick out a single type of neural state, this state must have two types of properties, physical and mental, by means of which the identification can be made. This argument has come to be known as the “Distinct Property Argument”, and is taken by its proponents to undermine a thorough-going materialistic theory of the mind. (See White 1986 and 2007, for more recent versions of this argument, and Block 2007, for a response.)\n\nThe appeal of meaning-preserving functional characterizations, therefore, is that in providing topic-neutral equivalents of our mental state terms and concepts, they blunt the anti-materialistic force of the Distinct Property Argument. True enough, analytic functionalists can acknowledge, terms like ‘pain’, ‘thought’, and ‘desire’ are not equivalent to any descriptions expressed in the language of physics, chemistry, or neurophysiology. But if there are functional descriptions that preserve the meanings of these terms, then a creature's mental states can be identified simply by determining which of that creature's internal states and processes play the relevant functional roles (see Lewis 1966). And since the capacity to play these roles is merely a matter of having certain causal relations to stimulations, behavior, and one another, the possession of these properties is compatible with a materialistic theory of the mind.\n\nA major question, of course, is whether a theory that limits itself to a priori information about the causal relations between stimulations, mental states, and behavior can make the right distinctions among mental states. This question will be pursued further in Section 4.\n\n3.4 Role-functionalism and Realizer-functionalism\n\nThere is yet another distinction between kinds of functional theory — one that crosscuts the distinctions described so far — that is important to note. This is the distinction between what has come to be known as “role” functionalism and “realizer” (or “filler”) functionalism (McLaughlin 2006). To see the difference between these types of theory, consider—once again—the (avowedly simplistic) example of a functional theory of pain introduced in the first section.\n\n\nAs noted earlier, if in humans this functional role is played by C-fiber stimulation, then, according to this functionalist theory, humans can be in pain simply by undergoing C-fiber stimulation. But there is a further question to be answered, namely, what is the property of pain itself? Is it the higher-level relational property of being in some state or other that plays the “pain role”in the theory, or the C-fiber stimulation that actually plays this role?\n\nRole functionalists identify pain with that higher-level relational property. Realizer functionalists, however, take a functional theory merely to provide definite descriptions of whichever lower-level properties satisfy the functional characterizations. On these views (also called “functional specification” theories), if the property that occupies the causal role of pain in human beings is C-fiber stimulation, then pain (or at least pain-in-humans) would be C-fiber stimulation, rather than the higher-level property of having some lower-level state that plays the relevant role. (This is not to suggest that there is a difference in kind between higher-level “role” properties and the lower-level “realizations” of those roles, since it may be that, relative to even lower-level descriptions, those realizations can be characterized as functional states themselves (Lycan 1987).\n\nSome of the earliest versions of analytic functionalism (Lewis 1966, Armstrong 1968 — but see Lewis 1980, for a modification) were presented as functional specification theories, as topic-neutral “translations” of mental state terms that could pave the way for a psycho-physical identity theory by defusing the Distinct Property Argument (see section 3.3). However, if there are differences in the physical states that satisfy the functional definitions in different (actual or hypothetical) creatures, such theories—like most versions of the identity theory—would violate a key motivation for functionalism, namely, that creatures with states that play the same role in the production of other mental states and behavior possess, literally, the same mental states.\n\nIt may be that there are some important, more general, physical similarities between the neural states of seemingly disparate creatures that satisfy a given functional characterization (see Bechtel and Mundale 1999, Churchland 2005, and Polger and Shapiro, 2012—but see Aizawa and Gillett, 2009 for dissent; this issue will be discussed further in Section 6). However, even if this is so, it is unlikely that these similarities hold of all the creatures, including Martians and other hypothetical beings, who could share our functional organization, and thus our theory of mental states would remain, in Block's (1980) terms, overly “chauvinistic”. One could counter the charge of chauvinism, of course, by suggesting that all creatures with lower-level states that satisfy a given functional characterization possess a common (lower-level) disjunctive state or property. Or one could suggest that, even if all creatures possessing states that occupy (for example) the pain role are not literally in the same mental state, they nonetheless share a closely related higher-level property (call it, following Lewis 1966 (note 6), “the attribute of having pain”). But neither alternative, for many functionalists, goes far enough to preserve the basic functionalist intuition that functional commonality trumps physical diversity in determining whether creatures can possess the same mental states. Thus many functionalists—both a priori and empirical—advocate role functionalism, which, in addition to avoiding chauvinism, permits mental state terms to be rigid designators (Kripke 1972), denoting the same items—those higher-level “role” properties—in all possible worlds.\n\nOn the other hand, some functionalists—here, too, both a priori and empirical—consider realizer functionalism to be in a better position than role functionalism to explain the causal efficacy of the mental. If I stub my toe and wince, we believe that my toe stubbing causes my pain, which in turn causes my wincing. But, some have argued (Malcolm 1968; Kim 1989, 1998), if pain is realized in me by some neural event-type, then insofar as there are purely physical law-like generalizations linking events of that type with wincings, one can give a complete causal explanation of my wincing by citing the occurrence of that neural event (and the properties by virtue of which it figures in those laws). And thus it seems that the higher-level role properties of that event are causally irrelevant. This is known as the “causal exclusion problem”, which is claimed to arise not just for functional role properties, but for dispositional properties in general (Prior, Pargetter, and Jackson 1982)—and indeed for any sort of mental states or properties not type-identical to those invoked in physical laws. This problem will be discussed further in Section 5.2.\n\n4. Constructing Plausible Functional Theories\n\nSo far, the discussion of how to provide functional characterizations of individual mental states has been vague, and the examples avowedly simplistic. Is it possible to do better, and, if so, which version of functionalism is likely to have the greatest success? These questions will be the focus of this section, and separate treatment will be given to experiential (often called 'qualitative' or 'phenomenal') states, such as perceptions and bodily sensations, which have a distinctive qualitative character or “feel”, and intentional states, such as thoughts, beliefs, and desires, which purport to represent the world in various ways To be sure, there is increasing consensus that experiential states have representational contents and intentional states have qualitative character and thus that these two groups may not be mutually exclusive (see Horgan and Tienson, 2002). Nonetheless I will discuss them separately to focus on what all agree to be the distinctive features of each.\n\nFirst, however, it is important to get more precise about how exactly functional definition is supposed to work. This can be done by focusing on a general method for constructing functional definitions introduced by David Lewis (1972; building on an idea of Frank Ramsey's), which has become standard practice for functionalists of all varieties. Articulating this method will help in evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the different varieties of functionalism—while displaying some further challenges that arise for them all.\n\n4.1 Functional Definitions and Ramsey-sentences\n\nThe key feature of this now-canonical method is to treat mental states and processes as being implicitly defined by the Ramsey sentence of one or another psychological theory — common sense, scientific, or something in between. (Analogous steps, of course, can be taken to produce the Ramsey-sentence of any theory, psychological or otherwise). For (a still simplistic) example, consider the sort of generalizations about pain introduced before: pain tends to be caused by bodily injury; pain tends to produce the belief that something is wrong with the body and the desire to be out of that state; pain tends to produce anxiety; pain tends to produce wincing or moaning.\n\nTo construct the Ramsey-sentence of this “theory”, the first step is to conjoin these generalizations, then replace all names of different types of mental states with different variables, and then existentially quantify those variables, as follows:\n\nxyzw(x tends to be caused by bodily injury & x tends to produce states y, z, and w & x tends to produce wincing or moaning).\n\nSuch a statement is free of any mental state terms. It includes only quantifiers that range over mental states, terms that denote stimulations and behavior, and terms that specify various causal relations among them. It can thus be regarded as providing implicit definitions of the mental state terms of the theory. An individual will have those mental states just in case it possesses a family of first-order states that interact in the ways specified by the theory. (Though functionalists of course acknowledge that the first-order states that satisfy the functional definitions may vary from species to species — or even from individual to individual — they specify that, for each individual, the functional definitions be uniquely satisfied.)\n\nA helpful way to think of the Ramsey sentence of a psychological theory is to regard it as defining a system's mental states “all at once” as states that interact with stimulations in various ways to produce behavior (See Lewis 1972; also see Field 1980 for a more technical elaboration of Lewis's method, and an account of some crucial differences between this kind of characterization and the one Lewis initially proposed.) This makes it clear that, in the classic formulations of functional theories, mental states are intended to be characterized in terms of their relations to stimulations, behavior, and all the other states that may be permissibly invoked by the theory in question, and thus certain functional theories may have more resources for individuating mental states than suggested by the crude definitions used as examples. The next three sections will discuss the potential of various sorts of functionalist theory for giving adequate characterizations of experiential and intentional states—and also for specifying the inputs and outputs of the system.\n\n4.2 Characterizing Experiential States\n\nThe common strategy in the most successful treatments of perceptual experiences and bodily sensations (Shoemaker 1984a, Clark 1993; adumbrated in Sellars 1956) is to individuate experiences of various general types (color experiences, experiences of sounds, feelings of temperature) in part by appeal to their positions in the “quality spaces” associated with the relevant sense modalities — that is, the (perhaps multidimensional) matrices determined by judgments about the relative similarities and differences among the experiences in question. So, for example, the experience of a very reddish-orange could be (partially) characterized as the state produced by the viewing of a color swatch within some particular range, which tends to produce the judgment or belief that the state just experienced is more similar to the experience of red than of orange. (Analogous characterizations, of course, will have to be given of these other color experiences.) The judgments or beliefs in question will themselves be (partially) characterized in terms of their tendencies to produce sorting or categorization behavior of certain specified kinds.\n\nThis strategy may seem fatal to analytic functionalism, which restricts itself to the use of a priori information to distinguish among mental states, since it's not clear that the information needed to distinguish among experiences such as color perceptions will result from conceptual analysis of our mental state terms or concepts. However, this problem may not be as dire as it seems. For example, if sensations and perceptual experiences are characterized in terms of their places in a “quality space” determined by a person's pre-theoretical judgments of similarity and dissimilarity (and perhaps also in terms of their tendencies to produce various emotional effects), then these characterizations may qualify as a priori, even though they would have to be elicited by a kind of “Socratic questioning”.\n\nThere are limits to this strategy, however (see Section 5.5.1 on the “inverted spectrum” problem), which seem to leave two options for analytic functionalists: fight — that is, deny that it's coherent to suppose that there are the distinctions that the critics suggest, or switch — that is, embrace another version of functionalism in which the characterizations of mental states, though not conceptual truths, can provide information rich enough to individuate the states in question. To switch, however, would be to give up the benefits (if any) of a theory that offers meaning-preserving translations of our mental state terms.\n\nThere has been significant skepticism, however, about whether any functionalist theory — analytic or scientific — can capture what seems to be the distinctive qualitative character of experiential states such as color perceptions, pains, and other bodily sensations; these questions will be addressed in section 5.5 below.\n\n4.3 Characterizing Intentional States\n\nOn the other hand, intentional states such as beliefs, thoughts, and desires (sometimes called “propositional attitudes”) have often been thought to be easier to characterize functionally than experiential states such as paints and color experiences (but not always: see Searle 1992, G. Strawson 1994, Horgan and Tienson 2002, Kriegel 2003, and Pitt 2008, who suggest that intentional states have qualitative character as well). We can begin by characterizing beliefs as (among other things) states produced in certain ways by sense-perception or inference from other beliefs, and desires as states with certain causal or counterfactual relations to the system's goals and needs, and specify further how (according to the relevant common sense or empirical theory) beliefs and desires tend to interact with one another, and other mental states, to produce behavior.\n\nOnce again, this characterization is crude, and needs more detail. Moreover, there are some further questions about characterizing intentional states—particularly belief— that have emerged in recent discussions. Once is whether a subject should be regarded as believing that p if there is a mismatch between her avowals that p and the characteristic behaviors associated with believing that p in standard circumstances: do avowals outweigh behaviors, or vice versa—or are there pragmatic factors that determine what the answer should be in different contexts? (See Gendler, 2008, and Schwitzgebel, 2010). Another question is whether the states that interact with desires (and other mental states) to produce behavior are best regarded as “full on” or “outright” beliefs, or rather as representations of the world for which individuals have varying degrees of confidence. (See Staffel, 2013, and the many contributions to Huber and Schmidt-Petri, 2009, and Ebert and Smith, 2012, for further discussion. Functionalism, at least arguably, can accommodate a number of different answers to these questions, but the project of characterizing beliefs may not be straightforward.\n\nIn dependently of these questions, functionalists need to say more(outright or not) about what makes a state a particular belief (outright or not) or desire, for example, the belief — or desire — that it will snow tomorrow. Most functional theories describe such states as different relations (or “attitudes”) toward the same state of affairs or proposition (and to describe the belief that it will snow tomorrow and the belief that it will rain tomorrow as the same attitude toward different propositions). This permits differences and similarities in the contents of intentional states to be construed as differences and similarities in the propositions to which these states are related. But what makes a mental state a relation to, or attitude toward, some proposition P? And can these relations be captured solely by appeal to the functional roles of the states in question?\n\nThe development of conceptual role semantics may seem to provide an answer to these questions: what it is for Julian to believe that P is for Julian to be in a state that has causal and counterfactual relations to other beliefs and desires that mirror certain inferential, evidential, and practical (action-directed) relations among propositions with those formal structures (Field 1980; Loar 1981; Block 1986). This proposal raises a number of important questions. One is whether states capable of entering into such interrelations can (must?) be construed as being, or including elements of, a “language of thought” (Fodor 1975; Harman 1973; Field 1980; Loar 1981). Another is whether idiosyncracies in the inferential or practical proclivities of different individuals make for differences in (or incommensurabilities between) their intentional states. (This question springs from a more general worry about the holism of functional specification, which will be discussed more generally in Section 5.1.)\n\nYet another challenge for functionalism are the widespread intuitions that support “externalism”, the thesis that what mental states represent, or are about, cannot be characterized without appeal to certain features of the environments in which those individuals are embedded. Thus, if one individual's environment differs from another's, they may count as having different intentional states, even though they reason in the same ways, and have exactly the same “take” on those environments from their own points of view.\n\nThe “Twin Earth” scenarios introduced by Putnam (1975) are often invoked to support an externalist individuation of beliefs about natural kinds such as water, gold, or tigers. Twin Earth, as Putnam presents it, is a (hypothetical) planet on which things look, taste, smell and feel exactly the way they do on Earth, but which have different underlying microscopic structures; for example, the stuff that fills the streams and comes out of the faucets, though it looks and tastes like water, has molecular structure XYZ rather than H2O. Many theorists find it intuitive to think that we thereby mean something different by our term ‘water’ than our Twin Earth counterparts mean by theirs, and thus that the beliefs we describe as beliefs about water are different from those that our Twin Earth counterparts would describe in the same way. Similar conclusions, they contend, can be drawn for all cases of belief (and other intentional states) regarding natural kinds.\n\nThe same problem, moreover, appears to arise for other sorts of belief as well. Tyler Burge (1979) presents cases in which it seems intuitive that a person, Oscar, and his functionally equivalent counterpart have different beliefs about various syndromes (such as arthritis) and artifacts (such as sofas) because the usage of these terms by their linguistic communities differ. For example, in Oscar's community, the term ‘arthritis’ is used as we use it, whereas in his counterpart's community ‘arthritis’ denotes inflammation of the joints and also various maladies of the thigh. Burge's contention is that even if Oscar and his counterpart both complain about the ‘arthritis’ in their thighs and make exactly the same inferences involving ‘arthritis’, they mean different things by their terms and must be regarded as having different beliefs. If these cases are convincing, then there are differences among types of intentional states that can only be captured by characterizations of these states that make reference to the practices of an individual's linguistic community. These, along with the Twin Earth cases, suggest that if functionalist theories cannot make reference to an individual's environment, then capturing the representational content of (at least some) intentional states is beyond the scope of functionalism. (See Section 4.4 for further discussion, and Searle 1980, for related arguments against “computational” theories of intentional states.)\n\nOn the other hand, the externalist individuation of intentional states may fail to capture some important psychological commonalities between ourselves and our counterparts that are relevant to the explanation of behavior. If my Twin Earth counterpart and I have both come in from a long hike, declare that we're thirsty, say “I want some water” and head to the kitchen, it seems that our behavior can be explained by citing a common desire and belief. Some theorists, therefore, have suggested that functional theories should attempt merely to capture what has been called the “narrow content” of beliefs and desires — that is, whichever representational features individuals share with their various Twin Earth counterparts. There is no consensus, however, about just how functionalist theories should treat these “narrow” representational features (Block 1986; Loar 1987, Yli-Vakkuti and Hawthorne, 2018), and some philosophers have expressed skepticism about whether such features should be construed as representations at all (Fodor 1994; also see entry on Narrow Content). Even if a generally acceptable account of narrow representational content can be developed, however, if the intuitions inspired by “Twin Earth” scenarios remain stable, then one must conclude that the full representational content of intentional states cannot be captured by “narrow” functional characterizations alone (and this will be true as well for certain sorts of qualitative states, e.g. color experiences, if they too have representational content).\n\n4.4 Characterizing the Inputs and Outputs of a System\n\nConsiderations about whether certain sorts of beliefs are to be externally individuated raise the related question about how best to characterize the stimulations and behaviors that serve as inputs and outputs to a system. Should they be construed as events involving objects in a system's environment (such as fire trucks, water and lemons), or rather as events in that system's sensory and motor systems? Theories of the first type are often called “long-arm” functional theories (Block 1990), since they characterize inputs and outputs — and consequently the states they are produced by and produce — by reaching out into the world. Adopting a “long-arm” theory would prevent our Twin Earth counterparts from sharing our beliefs and desires, and may thus honor intuitions that support an externalist individuation of intentional states (though further questions may remain about what Quine has called the “inscrutability of reference”; see Putnam 1988).\n\nIf functional characterizations of intentional states are intended to capture their “narrow contents”, however, then the inputs and outputs of the system will have to be specified in a way that permits individuals in different environments to be in the same intentional state. On this view inputs and outputs may be better characterized as activity in specific sensory receptors and motor neurons. But this (“short-arm”) option also restricts the range of individuals that can share our beliefs and desires, since creatures with different neural structures will be prevented from sharing our mental states, even if they share all our behavioral and inferential dispositions. (In addition, this option would not be open to analytic functionalist theories, since generalizations that link mental states to neurally specified inputs and outputs would not, presumably, have the status of conceptual truths.)\n\nPerhaps there is a way to specify sensory stimulations that abstracts from the specifics of human neural structure enough to include any possible creature that intuitively seems to share our mental states, but is sufficiently concrete to rule out entities that are clearly not cognitive systems (such as the economy of Bolivia; see Block 1980b). If there is no such formulation, however, then functionalists will either have to dispel intuitions to the effect that certain systems can't have beliefs and desires, or concede that their theories may be more “chauvinistic” than initially hoped.\n\nClearly, the issues here mirror the issues regarding the individuation of intentional states discussed in the previous section. More work is needed to develop the “long-arm” and “short-arm” alternatives, and to assess the merits and deficiencies of both.\n\n5. Objections to Functionalism\n\nThe previous sections were by and large devoted to the presentation of the different varieties of functionalism and the evaluation of their relative strengths and weaknesses. There have been many objections to functionalism, however, that apply to all versions of the theory. Some of these have already been introduced in earlier discussions, but they, and many others, will be addressed in more detail here.\n\n5.1 Functionalism and Holism\n\nOne difficulty for every version of the theory is that functional characterization is holistic. Functionalists hold that mental states are to be characterized in terms of their roles in a psychological theory—be it common sense, scientific, or something in between—but all such theories incorporate information about a large number and variety of mental states. Thus if pain is interdefined with certain highly articulated beliefs and desires, then animals who don't have internal states that play the roles of our articulated beliefs and desires can't share our pains, and humans without the capacity to feel pain can't share certain (or perhaps any) of our beliefs and desires. In addition, differences in the ways people reason, the ways their beliefs are fixed, or the ways their desires affect their beliefs — due either to cultural or individual idiosyncracies — might make it impossible for them to share the same mental states. These are regarded as serious worries for all versions of functionalism (see Stich 1983, Putnam 1988).\n\nSome functionalists, however (e.g. Shoemaker 1984c), have suggested that if a creature has states that approximately realize our functional theories, or realize some more specific defining subset of the theory particularly relevant to the specification of those states, then they can qualify as being mental states of the same types as our own. The problem, of course, is to specify more precisely what it is to be an approximate realization of a theory, or what exactly a “defining” subset of a theory is intended to include, and these are not easy questions. (They have particular bite, moreover, for analytic functionalist theories, since specifying what belongs inside and outside the “defining” subset of a functional characterization raises the question of what are the conceptually essential, and what the merely collateral, features of a mental state, and thus raise serious questions about the feasibility of (something like) an analytic-synthetic distinction. (Quine 1953, Rey 1997)).\n\n5.2 Functionalism and Mental Causation\n\nAnother worry for functionalism is the “causal exclusion problem”, introduced in section 3.4: the worry about whether role functionalism can account for what we take to be the causal efficacy of our mental states (Malcolm 1968, Kim 1989, 1998). For example, if pain is realized in me by some neural state-type, then insofar as there are purely physical law-like generalizations linking states of that type with pain behavior, one can give a complete causal explanation of my behavior by citing the occurrence of that neural state (and the properties by virtue of which it figures in those laws). And thus, some have argued, the higher-level role properties of that state—its being a pain—are causally irrelevant.\n\nThere have been a number of different responses to this problem. Some (e.g. Loewer 2002, 2007, Antony and Levine 1997, Burge 1997, Baker 1997) suggest that it arises from an overly restrictive account of causation, in which a cause must “generate” or “produce” its effect, a view which would count the macroscopic properties of other special sciences as causally irrelevant as well. Instead, some argue, causation should be regarded as a special sort of counterfactual dependence between states of certain types (Loewer 2002, 2007, Fodor 1990, Block 1997), or as a special sort of regularity that holds between them (Melnyk 2003). If this is correct, then functional role properties (along with the other macroscopic properties of the special sciences) could count as causally efficacious (but see Ney 2012 for dissent). However, the plausibility of these accounts of causation depends on their prospects for distinguishing bona-fide causal relations from those that are clearly epiphenomenal, and some have expressed skepticism about whether they can do the job, among them Crane 1995, Kim 2007, Jackson 1995, Ludwig 1998, and McLaughlin 2006, forthcoming. (On the other hand, see Lyons (2006) for an argument that if functional properties are causally inefficacious, this can be viewed as a benefit of the theory.)\n\nYet other philosophers argue that causation is best regarded as a relation between types of events that must be invoked to provide sufficiently general explanations of behavior (Antony and Levine 1997, Burge 1997, Baker 1997). Though many who are moved by the exclusion problem (e.g. Kim, Jackson) maintain that there is a difference between generalizations that are truly causal and those that contribute in some other (merely epistemic) way to our understanding of the world, theorists who advocate this response to the problem charge that this objection, once again, depends on a restrictive view of causation that would rule out too much.\n\nAnother problem with views like the ones sketched above, some argue (Kim 1989, 1998), is that mental and physical causes would thereby overdetermine their effects, since each would be causally sufficient for their production. And, though some theorists argue that overdetermination is widespread and unproblematic (see Loewer 2002, and also Shaffer, 2003, and Sider 2003, for a more general discussion of overdetermination), others contend that there is a special relation between role and realizer that provides an intuitive explanation of how both can be causally efficacious without counting as overdetermining causes. For example, Yablo (1992), suggests that mental and physical properties stand in the relation of determinable and determinate (just as red stands to scarlet), and argues that our conviction that a cause should be commensurate with its effects permits us to take the determinable, rather than the determinate, property to count as causally efficacious in psychological explanation. Bennett (2003) suggests, alternatively, that the realizer properties metaphysically necessitate the role properties in a way that prevents them from satisfying the conditions for overdetermination. Yet another suggestion (Wilson, 1999, 2011, and Shoemaker, 2001) is that the causal powers of mental properties are included among (or are proper subsets of) the causal powers of the physical properties that realize them. (See also Macdonald and Macdonald 1995, Witmer, 2003, Yates, 2012, and Strevens, 2012, for related views.)\n\nThere has been substantial recent work on the causal exclusion problem, which, as noted earlier, arises for any non-reductive theory of mental states. (See the entry on Mental Causation, as well as Bennett 2007, and Funkhouser 2007, for further discussion and extensive bibliographies.) But it is worth discussing a related worry about causation that arises exclusively for role-functionalism (and other dispositional theories), namely, the problem of “metaphysically necessitated effects” (Rupert 2006, Bennett 2007). If pain is functionally defined (either by an a priori or an empirical theory) as the state of being in some lower-level state or other that, in certain circumstances causes wincing, then it seems that the generalization that pain causes wincing (in those circumstances) is at best uninformative, since the state in question would not be pain if it didn't. And, on the Humean view of causation as a contingent relation, the causal claim would be false. Davidson (1980b) once responded to a similar argument by noting that even if a mental state M is defined in terms of its production of an action A, it can often be redescribed in other terms P such that 'P caused A' is not a logical truth. But it's unclear whether any such redescriptions are available to role (vs. realizer) functionalists.\n\nSome theorists (e.g. Antony and Levine 1997) have responded by suggesting that, though mental states may be defined in terms of some of their effects, they have other effects that do not follow from those definitions which can figure into causal generalizations that are contingent, informative, and true. For example, even if it follows from a functional definition that pain causes wincing (and thus that the relation between pain and wincing cannot be truly causal), psychologists may discover, say, that pain produces resilience (or submissive behavior) in human beings. One might worry, nonetheless, that functional definitions threaten to leave too many commonly cited generalizations outside the realm of contingency, and thus causal explanation: surely, we may think, we want to affirm claims such as “pain causes wincing”. Such claims could be affirmed, however, if (as seems likely) the most plausible functional theories define sensations such as pain in terms of a small subset of their distinctive psychological, rather than behavioral, effects (see section 4.2).\n\nA different line of response to this worry (Shoemaker 1984d, 2001) is to deny the Humean account of causation altogether, and contend that causal relations are themselves metaphysically necessary, but this remains a minority view. (See also Bird, 2002, and Latham, 2011, for further discussion.)\n\n5.3 Functionalism and Introspective Belief\n\nAnother important question concerns the beliefs that we have about our own “occurrent” (as opposed to dispositional) mental states such as thoughts, sensations, and perceptions. We seem to have immediately available, non-inferential beliefs about these states, and the question is how this is to be explained if mental states are identical with functional properties.\n\nThe answer depends on what one takes these introspective beliefs to involve. Broadly speaking, there are two dominant views of the matter (but see Peacocke 1999, Ch. 5 for further alternatives). One popular account of introspection — the “inner sense” model on which introspection is taken to be a kind of “internal scanning” of the contents of one's mind (Armstrong 1968) — has been taken to be unfriendly to functionalism, on the grounds that it's hard to see how the objects of such scanning could be second-order relational properties of one's neural states (Goldman 1993). Some theorists, however, have maintained that functionalism can accommodate the special features of introspective belief on the “inner sense” model, since it would be only one of many domains in which it's plausible to think that we have immediate, non-inferential knowledge of causal or dispositional properties (Armstrong 1993; Kobes 1993; Sterelney 1993). A full discussion of these questions goes beyond the scope of this entry, but the articles cited above are just three among many helpful pieces in the Open Peer Commentary following Goldman (1993), which provides a good introduction to the debate about this issue.\n\nAnother account of introspection, identified most closely with Shoemaker (1996a,b,c,d), is that the immediacy of introspective belief follows from the fact that occurrent mental states and our introspective beliefs about them are functionally interdefined. For example, one satisfies the definition of being in pain only if one is in a state that tends to cause (in creatures with the requisite concepts who are considering the question) the belief that one is in pain, and one believes that one is in pain only if one is in a state that plays the belief role, and is caused directly by the pain itself. On this account of introspection, the immediacy and non-inferential nature of introspective belief is not merely compatible with functionalism, but required by it.\n\nBut there is an objection, most recently expressed by George Bealer (1997; see also Hill 1993), that, on this model an introspective belief can only be defined in one of two unsatisfactory ways: either as a belief produced by a (second-order) functional state specified (in part) by its tendency to produce that very type of belief — which would be circular — or as a belief about the first-order realization of the functional state, rather than that state itself. Functionalists have suggested, however (Shoemaker 2001, McCullagh 2000, Tooley 2001), that there is a way of understanding the conditions under which beliefs can be caused by, and thus be about, one's second-order functional states that permits mental states and introspective beliefs about them to be non-circularly defined (but see Bealer 2001, for a skeptical response). A full treatment of this objection involves the more general question of whether second-order properties can have causal efficacy, and is thus beyond the scope of this discussion (see section 5.2 and Mental Causation entry). But even if this objection can ultimately be deflected, it suggests that special attention must be paid to the functional characterizations of “self-directed” mental states.\n\n5.4 Functionalism and the Norms of Reason\n\nYet another objection to functionalist theories of any sort is that they do not capture the interrelations that we take to be definitive of beliefs, desires, and other intentional states. Whereas even analytic functionalists hold that mental states— and also their contents— are implicitly defined in terms of their (causal or probabilistic) roles in producing behavior, these critics understand intentional states to be implicitly defined in terms of their roles in rationalizing, or making sense of, behavior. This is a different enterprise, they claim, since rationalization, unlike causal explanation, requires showing how an individual's beliefs, desires, and behavior conform, or at least approximate, to certain a priori norms or ideals of theoretical and practical reasoning — prescriptions about which beliefs and desires we should have, how we should reason, or what, given our beliefs and desires, we ought to do. (See Davidson 1980c, Dennett 1978, and McDowell 1985 for classic expressions of this view.) Thus the defining (“constitutive”) normative or rational relations among intentional states expressed by these principles cannot be expected to correspond to causal and probabilistic relations among our internal states, sensory stimulations and behavior, since they constitute a kind of explanation that has sources of evidence and standards for correctness that are different from those of empirical theories (Davidson 1980c). One can't, that is, extract facts from values.\n\nThus, although attributions of mental states can in some sense explain behavior by permitting an observer to “interpret” it as making sense, they should not be expected to denote entities that figure in empirical generalizations, either common sense or scientific. (This is not to say, these theorists stress, that there are no causes, or empirical laws of, behavior. These, however, will be expressible only in the vocabularies of the neurosciences, or other lower-level sciences, and not as relations among beliefs, desires and behavior.)\n\nFunctionalists have replied to these worries in different ways. Many just deny the intuition behind the objection, and maintain that even the strictest conceptual analyses of our intentional terms and concepts purport to define them in terms of their bona-fide causal roles, and that any norms they reflect are explanatory rather than prescriptive. They argue, that is, that if these generalizations are idealizations, they are the sort of idealizations that occur in any scientific theory: just as Boyle's Law depicts the relations between the temperature, pressure, and volume of a gas under certain ideal experimental conditions, our a priori theory of the mind consists of descriptions of what normal humans would do under (physically specifiable) ideal conditions, not prescriptions as to what they should, or are rationally required, to do.\n\nOther functionalists agree that we may advert to various norms of inference and action in attributing beliefs and desires to others, but deny that there is any in principle incompatibility between normative and empirical explanations. They argue that if there are causal relations among beliefs, desires, and behavior that even approximately mirror the norms of rationality, then the attributions of intentional states can be empirically confirmed (Fodor 1990; Rey 1997). In addition, many who hold this view suggest that the principles of rationality that intentional states must meet are quite minimal, and comprise at most a weak set of constraints on the contours of our theory of mind, such as that people can't, in general, hold (obviously) contradictory beliefs, or act against their (sincerely avowed) strongest desires (Loar 1981). Still others suggest that the intuition that we attribute beliefs and desires to others according to rational norms is based on a fundamental mistake; these states are attributed not on the basis of whether they rationalize the behavior in question, but whether those subjects can be seen as using principles of inference and action sufficiently like our own — be they rational, like Modus Ponens, or irrational, like the Gambler's Fallacy or the now familiar instances of “predictable irrationality” documented in Kahneman, 2011. (See Stich 1981, and Levin 1988, for discussion of this question, and for a more general debate about the compatibility of normative and psychological principles, see Rey, 2007, and Wedgwood, 2007. See also Glüer and Wikforss, 2009, 2013, and for further discussion, the entry, The Normativity of Meaning and Content.)\n\nNonetheless, although many functionalists argue that the considerations discussed above show that there is no in principle bar to a functionalist theory that has empirical force, these worries about the normativity of intentional ascription continue to fuel skepticism about functionalism (and, for that matter, any scientific theory of the mind that uses intentional notions).\n\nIn addition to these general worries about functionalism, there are particular questions that arise for functional characterizations of experiential or phenomenal states. These questions will be discussed in the following section.\n\n5.5 Functionalism and the Problem of Qualia\n\nFunctionalist theories of all varieties — whether analytic or empirical, FSIT or functional specification — attempt to characterize mental states exclusively in relational, specifically causal, terms. A common and persistent objection, however, is that no such characterizations can capture the phenomenal character, or “qualia”, of experiential states such as perceptions, emotions, and bodily sensations, since they would leave out certain essential properties of those experiential states, namely, “what it's like” (Nagel 1974) to have them. The next three sections will present the most serious worries about the ability of functionalist theories to give an adequate characterization of these states. (These worries, of course, will extend to intentional states, if, as some philosophers argue, “what it's like” to have them is among their essential properties as well. (See Searle 1992, G. Strawson, 1986, Horgan and Tienson, 2002, Kriegel 2003, Pitt 2008, for early presentations of this view, and see Bayne and Montague, 2011, and Smithies, 2013a and 2013b for more general discussions of whether intentional states possess phenomenal character— often called “cognitive phenomenology”— and if so, what, more precisely, it is.)\n\n5.5.1 Inverted and Absent Qualia\n\nThe first to be considered are the “absent” and “inverted” qualia objections most closely associated with Ned Block (1980b; see also Block and Fodor 1972). The “inverted qualia” objection to functionalism maintains that there could be an individual who (for example) is in a state that satisfies the functional definition of our experience of red, but is experiencing green instead—and similarly for all the colors in the spectrum. It is a descendant of the claim, discussed by philosophers from Locke to Wittgenstein, that there could be an individual with an “inverted spectrum” who is behaviorally indistinguishable from someone with normal color vision; both objections trade on the contention that the purely relational characterizations in question cannot make distinctions among distinct experiences with isomorphic causal patterns. (Nida-Rümelin, 1996, argues that the science of color vision leaves open the possibility that there could be functionally equivalent red-green “inverts”, but even if inverted qualia are not really an empirical possibility for human beings, given certain asymmetries in our “quality space” for color, and differences in the relations of color experiences to other mental states such as emotions (Hardin 1988), it seems possible that there are creatures with perfectly symmetrical color quality spaces for whom a purely functional characterization of color experience would fail.)\n\nA related objection, the “absent qualia” objection, maintains that there could be creatures functionally equivalent to normal humans whose mental states have no qualitative character at all. In his well-known “Chinese nation” thought-experiment, Block (1980b) invites us to imagine that the population of China (chosen because its size approximates the number of neurons in a typical human brain) is recruited to duplicate his functional organization for a period of time, receiving the equivalent of sensory input from an artificial body and passing messages back and forth via satellite. Block argues that such a “homunculi-headed” system — or “Blockhead”, as it has come to be called — would not have mental states with any qualitative character (other than the qualia possessed by the individuals themselves), and thus that there could be states functionally equivalent to sensations or perceptions that lack their characteristic “feels”. Conversely, some argue that functional role is not necessary for qualitative character: for example, it seems that one could have mild, but distinctive, twinges that have no typical causes or characteristic effects.\n\nAll these objections purport to have characterized a creature with the functional organization of normal human beings, but without any, or the right sort, of qualia (or vice versa), and thus to have produced a counterexample to functional theories of experiential states. One line of response, initially advanced by Sydney Shoemaker (1994b), is that although functional duplicates of ourselves with inverted qualia may be possible, duplicates with absent qualia are not, since their possibility leads to untenable skepticism about the qualitative character of one's own mental states. This argument has been challenged, however (Block 1980b; but see Shoemaker's response in 1994d, and Balog, 1999, for a related view), and the more common response to these objections—particularly to the absent qualia objection— is to question whether scenarios involving creatures such as Blockheads provide genuine counterexamples to functionalist theories of experiential states.\n\nFor example, some theorists (Dennett 1978; Levin 1985; Van Gulick 1989) argue that these scenarios provide clear-cut counterexamples only to crude functional theories, and that attention to the subtleties of more sophisticated characterizations will undermine the intuition that functional duplicates of ourselves with absent qualia are possible (or, conversely, that there are qualitative states without distinctive functional roles). The plausibility of this line of defense is often questioned, however, since there is tension between the goal of increasing the sophistication (and thus the individuative powers) of the functional definitions, and the goal (for analytic functionalists) of keeping these definitions within the bounds of the a priori (though see Section 4.2), or (for psycho-functionalists) broad enough to be instantiable by creatures other than human beings. A related suggestion is that absent qualia seem possible only because of our imaginative shortcomings, in particular, that it is hard for us to attend, at any one time, to all the relevant features of even the simplest functional characterization of experiential states; another is that the intuition that Blockheads lack qualia is based on prejudice—against creatures with unfamiliar shapes and extended reaction times (Dennett 1978), or creatures with parts widely distributed in space (Lycan, 1981, Schwitzgebel 2015 and commentary).\n\nThere are other responses to analogous absent qualia arguments that are prominent in the literature, but the target of those arguments is broader. Block's argument was initially presented as a challenge exclusively to functionalist theories, both analytic and empirical, and not generally to physicalistic theories of experiential states; the main concern was that the purely relational resources of functional description were incapable of capturing the intrinsic qualitative character of states such as feeling pain, or seeing red. (Indeed, in Block's 1980b, p. 291, he suggests that qualitative states may best be construed as “composite state[s] whose components are a quale and a [functional state],” and adds, in an endnote (note 22) that the quale “might be identified with a physico-chemical state”.) But there are similar objections that have been raised against all physicalistic theories of experiential states that are important to consider in evaluating the prospects for functionalism. These will be discussed in the next two sections.\n\n5.5.2 Functionalism, Zombies, and the “Explanatory Gap”\n\nOne important objection, advanced by (among others) Kripke (1972) and Chalmers (1996a), derives from Descartes's well-known argument in the Sixth Meditation (1641) that since he can clearly and distinctly conceive of himself existing apart from his body (and vice versa), and since the ability to clearly and distinctly conceive of things as existing apart guarantees that they are in fact distinct, he is in fact distinct from his body.\n\nChalmers's version of the argument (1996a, 2002), known as the “Zombie Argument”, has been particularly influential. The first premise of this argument is that it is conceivable, in a special, robust, “positive” sense, that there are molecule-for-molecule duplicates of oneself with no qualia (call them “zombies”, following Chalmers 1996a). The second premise is that scenarios that are “positively” conceivable in this way represent real, metaphysical, possibilities. Thus, he concludes, zombies are possible, and functionalism — or, more broadly, physicalism — is false. The force of the Zombie Argument is due in large part to the way Chalmers defends its two premises; he provides a detailed account of just what is required for zombies to be conceivable, and also an argument as to why the conceivability of zombies entails their possibility (see also Chalmers 2002, 2006, 2010, Ch. 6, and Chalmers and Jackson 2002). This account, based on a more comprehensive theory of how we can evaluate claims about possibility and necessity known as “two-dimensional semantics”, reflects an increasingly popular way of thinking about these matters, but remains controversial. (For alternative ways of explaining conceivability, see Kripke (1986), Hart (1988); for criticism of the argument from two-dimensional semantics, see Yablo 2000, 2002, Bealer 2002, Stalnaker 2002, Soames 2004, Byrne and Prior 2006; but see also Chalmers 2006.)\n\nIn a related challenge, Joseph Levine (1983, 1993, 2001) argues that, even if the conceivability of zombies doesn't entail that functionalism (or more broadly, physicalism) is false, it opens an “explanatory gap” not encountered in other cases of inter-theoretical reduction, since the qualitative character of an experience cannot be deduced from any physical or functional description of it. Such attempts thus pose, at very least, a unique epistemological problem for functionalist (or physicalist) reductions of qualitative states.\n\nIn response to these objections, analytic functionalists contend, as they did with the inverted and absent qualia objections, that sufficient attention to what is required for a creature to duplicate our functional organization would reveal that zombies are not really conceivable, and thus there is no threat to functionalism and no explanatory gap. A related suggestion is that, while zombies may now seem conceivable, we will eventually find them inconceivable, given the growth of empirical knowledge, just as we now find it inconceivable that there could be H2O without water (Yablo 1999). Alternatively, some suggest that the inconceivability of zombies awaits the development of new concepts that can provide a link between our current phenomenal and physical concepts (Nagel 1975, 2000), while others (McGinn 1989) agree, but deny that humans are capable of forming such concepts.\n\nNone of these responses, however, would be an effective defense of Psychofunctionalism, which does not attempt to provide analyses of experiential concepts (or suggest that there would, or could, be any to come). But there is an increasingly popular strategy for defending physicalism against these objections that could be used to defend Psychofunctionalism, namely, to concede that there can be no conceptual analyses of qualitative concepts (such as what it's like to see red or what it's like to feel pain) in purely functional terms, and focus instead on developing arguments to show that the conceivability of zombies neither implies that such creatures are possible nor opens up an explanatory gap.\n\nOne line of argument (Block and Stalnaker 1999; Yablo 2000) contends that the conceivability of (alleged) counterexamples to psycho-physical or psycho-functional identity statements, such as zombies, has analogues in other cases of successful inter-theoretical reduction, in which the lack of conceptual analyses of the terms to be reduced makes it conceivable, though not possible, that the identities are false. However, the argument continues, if these cases routinely occur in what are generally regarded as successful reductions in the sciences, then it's reasonable to conclude that the conceivability of a situation does not entail its possibility.\n\nA different line of argument (Horgan 1994; Loar 1990; Lycan 1990; Hill 1997, Hill and McLaughlin 1999, Balog 1999) maintains that, while generally the conceivability of a scenario entails its possibility, scenarios involving zombies stand as important exceptions. The difference is that the phenomenal, or “what it's like”, concepts used to describe the properties of experience that we conceive zombies to lack are significantly different from the third-personal, discursive concepts of our common sense and scientific theories such as mass, force or charge; they comprise a special class of non-discursive, first-personal, perspectival representations of those properties. Whereas conceptually independent third-personal concepts x and y may reasonably be taken to express metaphysically independent properties, or modes of presentation, no such metaphysical conclusions can be drawn when one of the concepts in question is third-personal and the other is phenomenal, since these concepts may merely be picking out the same properties in different ways. Thus, the conceivability of zombies, dependent as it is on our use of phenomenal concepts, provides no evidence of their metaphysical possibility.\n\nKey to this line of defense is the claim that these special phenomenal concepts can denote functional (or physical) properties without expressing some irreducibly qualitative modes of presentation of them, for otherwise it couldn't be held that these concepts do in fact apply to our functional (or physical) duplicates, even though it's conceivable that they don't. This, not surprisingly, has been disputed, and there is currently much discussion in the literature about the plausibility of this claim. If this line of defense is successful, however, it can also provide a response to the “Distinct Property Argument”, discussed in section 3.3. (See Chalmers 1999, Holman, 2013 for criticism of this view, but see the responses of Loar 1999, and Hill and McLaughlin 1999, Balog, 2012, Levin, 2008, forthcoming, Diaz-Leon, 2010, 2014; see also see Levin 2002, 2008, and Shroer, 2010, for the presentation, if not endorsement, of a hybrid view.)\n\n5.5.3 Functionalism and the Knowledge Argument\n\nIn another important, related, challenge to functionalism (and, more generally, physicalism), Thomas Nagel (1974) and Frank Jackson (1982) argue that a person could know all the physical and functional facts about a certain type of experience and still not “know what it's like” to have it. This is known as the “Knowledge Argument”, and its conclusion is that there are certain properties of experiences — the “what it's like” to see red, feel pain, or sense the world through echolocation — which cannot be identified with functional (or physical) properties. Though neither Nagel (2000) nor Jackson (1998) now endorse this argument, many philosophers contend that it raises special problems for any physicalistic view (see Alter 2007, and, in response, Jackson 2007).\n\nAn early line of defense against these arguments, endorsed primarily but not exclusively by a priori functionalists, is known as the “Ability Hypothesis”. (Nemirow 1990, 2007, Lewis 1990, Levin 1986). “Ability” theorists suggest that knowing what it's like to see red or feel pain is merely a sort of practical knowledge, a “knowing how” (to imagine, remember, or re-identify, a certain type of experience) rather than a knowledge of propositions or facts. (See Tye 2000, for a summary of the pros and cons of this position; for further discussion, see the essays in Ludlow, Nagasawa, and Stoljar 2004.) An alternative view among contemporary functionalists is that coming to know what it's like to see red or feel pain is indeed to acquire propositional knowledge uniquely afforded by experience, expressed in terms of first-personal concepts of those experiences. But, the argument continues, this provides no problem for functionalism (or physicalism), since these special first-personal concepts need not denote, or introduce as “modes of presentation”, any irreducibly qualitative properties. This view, of course, shares the strengths and weaknesses of the analogous response to the conceivability arguments discussed above. If it is plausible, however, it can also challenge the argument of some philosophers (e.g., Chalmers, 2002, Stoljar, 2001, and Alter, 2016) that maintains that no physicalistic theory, not even fundamental physics, can provide anything but a relational characterization of the items in their domains—their structure and dynamics—and concludes that no physicalistic theory can capture what seems, from the inside, to be the intrinsic, non-relational properties of our experiential states. (See the essays in Alter and Nagasawa, 2015, Part III, for further discussion.)\n\nThere is one final strategy for defending a functionalist account of qualitative states against all of these objections, namely, eliminativism (Dennett 1988; Rey 1997, Frankish, 2016). One can, that is, deny that there are any such things as irreducible qualia, and maintain that the conviction that such things do, or perhaps even could, exist is due to illusion — or confusion.\n\n6. The Future of Functionalism\n\nIn the last part of the 20th century, functionalism stood as the dominant theory of mental states. Like behaviorism, functionalism takes mental states out of the realm of the “private” or subjective, and gives them status as entities open to scientific investigation. But, in contrast to behaviorism, functionalism's characterization of mental states in terms of their roles in the production of behavior grants them the causal efficacy that common sense takes them to have. And in permitting mental states to be multiply realized, functionalism seems to offer an account of mental states that is compatible with materialism, without limiting the class of those with minds to creatures with brains like ours.\n\nMore recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in the psycho-physical (type-) identity thesis, fueled in part by the contention that, in the actual practice of neuroscience, neural states are type-individuated more coarsely than early identity theorists such as Place, Feigl, and Smart assumed. If this is so, then it may well be that creatures that differ from us in their fine-grain neurophysiological make-up can nonetheless share our neural states, and thus that the psycho-physical identity thesis can claim some of the scope once thought to be exclusive to functionalism. The plausibility of this thesis depends, first, on whether or not such creatures would in fact be our functional equivalents, and if so, whether or not their underlying similarities would in fact be (coarse-grain) neural similarities, and not (finer-grain) psycho-functional similarities. (See Bechtel 2012, Bickle 2012, McCauley 2012, and Shapiro and Polger 2012, Polger and Shapiro, 2016, Aizawa and Gillett, forthcoming,and the essays in DeJoong and Shouten 2012, for further discussion; see also the entry on Multiple Realizability.) Even so, it seems that there could be creatures, both biological and non-biological, that are functionally equivalent to us but do not possess even our coarse-grain neural properties. If so, and if these creatures can plausibly be regarded as sharing our mental states—to be sure, a controversial thesis—then even if neural states can be individuated more coarsely, functionalism will retain its claim to greater universality than the identity thesis.\n\nThere remain other substantial questions about functionalism. Most discussions of the prospects for functionalism focus on its adequacy as an account of familiar experiential states such as sensational and perceptual experiences, and familiar intentional states such as beliefs and desires. But although some philosophers have considered whether there can be adequate functionalist characterizations of emotions and moods (e.g. Rey, 1990, Nussbaum, 2003, deHoog, et al, 2011) there is increasing interest in these questions, and more work needs to be done. In addition, there is increasing interest in determining whether there can be plausible functional characterizations of non-standard perceptual experiences, such as synaesthesia, and various sorts of altered states of consciousness that can arise from the ingestion of drugs or from focused meditation. (See Gray et al. 2002, 2004, and Deroy, 2017, for discussions of synaesthesia. For general discussions of altered states of consciousness, see Velmans and Schneider, eds. (2007), and Thompson, (2015).\n\nYet another question is whether functional theories can accommodate non-standard views about the location of mental states, such as the hypothesis of extended cognition, which maintains that certain mental states such as memories—and not just their representational contents—can reside outside the head. This question has implications not only for the viability of a functionalist characterization of memory, but also of beliefs, emotions, and moods. 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The Concept of Mind, London: Hutcheson.\n  • Schaffer, J., 2003. “Overdetermining Causes”, Philosophical Studies, 114: 23–45.\n  • Schroer, R., 2010. “Where's the Beef?: Phenomenal Concepts as both Demonstrative and Substantial”, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 88(3): 505–522.\n  • Schwitzegebel, E., 2010. “Acting Contrary to our Professed Beliefs, or the Gulf Between Occurrent Judgment and Dispositional Belief”, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 91: 531–53.\n  • –––, 2012. “Mad Belief?”, Neuroethics, 5: 13–17.\n  • –––, 2015. “If Materialism is True, the United States is Probably Conscious”, Philosophical Studies, 172: 1697–1721.\n  • Searle, J., 1980. “Minds, Brains and Programs”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3: 417–457\n  • –––, 1992. The Rediscovery of Mind, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.\n  • Sellars, W., 1956. “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind”, in M. Scriven, P. Feyerabend and G. Maxwell (eds.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume 1. Minneapolis: U.of Minnesota Press.\n  • Shagrir, O., 2005. “The Rise and Fall of Computational Functionalism”, in Y. Ben-Menahem (ed.), Hilary Putnam, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 220–250\n  • Shapiro, L. and T. Polger, 2012. “Identity, variability, and multiple realization in the special sciences”, in Gozzano and Hill 2002, 264–287.\n  • Shields, C., 1990. “The first functionalist”, in J.-C. Smith (ed.), Historical Foundations of Cognitive Science, Dordrecht: Kluwer: 19–33.\n  • Shoemaker, S., 1984. Identity, Cause, and Mind, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\n  • –––, 1984a. “Phenomenal similarity”, in Shoemaker 1984, 159–183.\n  • –––, 1984b. “Functionalism and qualia”, in Shoemaker 1984, 184–205.\n  • –––, 1984c. “Some varieties of functionalism”, in Shoemaker 1984, 261–286.\n  • –––, 1996. The first-person perspective and other essays, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\n  • –––, 1996a. “Introspection and the self”, in Shoemaker 1996, 3–24.\n  • –––, 1996b. “On knowing one's own mind”, in Shoemaker 1996, 25–49.\n  • –––, 1996c. “First-person access”, in Shoemaker 1996, 50–73.\n  • –––, 1996d. “Self-knowledge and ‘inner sense’: Lecture I”, in Shoemaker 1996, 201–223.\n  • –––, 2001. “Realization and Mental Causation”, in C. Gillet and B. Loewer, Physicalism and Its Discontents, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 74–98.\n  • Sider, T., 2003. “What's so Bad About Overdetermination?”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 67: 716–726.\n  • Smart, J.J.C., 1959. “Sensations and Brain Processes”, Philosophical Review, 68: 141–156.\n  • Smithies, D., 2013a. “The Significance of Cognitive Phenomenology”, Philosophy Compass, 8: 731–743.\n  • –––,2013b. “The Nature of Cognitive Phenomenology”, Philosophy Compass, 8(8): 744–754.\n  • Soames, S., 2004. Reference and Description, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.\n  • Sprevak, M., 2009. “Extended cognition and functionalism”, Journal of Philosophy, 106(9): 503–527.\n  • Staffel, J., 2013. “Can there be reasoning with degrees of belief?”, Synthese, 190(16): 3535–3551.\n  • Stalnaker, R., 2002. “What is it Like to Be a Zombie?”, in Gendler and Hawthorne 2002, 385–400.\n  • Sterelny, K., 1993. “Categories, categorisation and development: Introspective knowledge is no threat to functionalism”, in Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16(1): 81–83.\n  • Stich, S., 1981. “Dennett on Intentional Systems”, Philosophical Topics, 12: 39–62.\n  • –––, 1983. From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.\n  • Strawson, G., 1994. Mental Reality, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.\n  • Stoljar, D., 2001. “Two Conceptions of the Physical”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 62: 253–81.\n  • Strevens, M., 2012. “The Explanatory Role of Irreducible Properties”, Noûs, 46(4): 754–780.\n  • Thompson, E., 2015. Waking, Dreaming, Being, New York: Columbia University Press.\n  • Tooley, M., 2001. “Functional concepts,referentially opaque contexts, causal relations, and the definition of theoretical terms”, Philosophical Studies, 105(3): 251–279.\n  • Tye, M., 2000. Consciousness, Color, and Content, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.\n  • Van Gulick, R., 1989. “What Difference Does Consciousness Make?” Philosophical Topics, 17: 211–230.\n  • Velmans, M. and Schneider, S. (eds.), 2007. The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness, Maldon, MA: Blackwell Publishing.\n  • Walter, S., 2010. “Cognitive Extension: The Parity Argument, Functionalism, and the Mark of the Cognitive”, Synthese, 177(2): 285–300.\n  • Wedgwood, R., 2007. “Normativism Defended”, in McLaughlin and Cohen 2007, 85–101.\n  • White, S., 1986. “Curse of the Qualia”, Synthese, 68: 333–368.\n  • White, S., 2007. “Property Dualism, Phenomenal Concepts, and the Semantic Premise”, in Alter and Walter 2007, 210–248.\n  • Witmer, G., 2003. “Functionalism and Causal Exclusion”, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 84(2): 198–214.\n  • Wittgenstein, L., 1953. Philosophical Investigations, New York: Macmillan.\n  • Yablo, S., 1992. “Mental Causation”, Philosophical Review, 101: 245–280.\n  • –––, 2000. “Textbook Kripkeanism and the Open Texture of Concepts”, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 81(1): 98–122.\n  • –––, 2002. “Coulda, Shoulds, Woulda”, in Gendler and Hawthorne 2002, 441–492.\n  • Yates, D., 2012. “Functionalism and the Metaphysics of Causal Exclusion”, Philosophers Imprint, 12: 1–25.\n  • Yi-Vakkuri, J. and Hawthorne, J., 2018. Narrow Content, Oxford: Oxford University Press.\n\nOther Internet Resources\n\n[Please contact the author with suggestions.]\n\nCopyright © 2018 by\nJanet Levin <>\n\nThe Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support\nPlease Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5677248239517212}
{"content": "Despite the link between tenant satisfaction and investment performance, some industry customers feel undervalued. Howard Morgan asks why\n\nOn the same day that the latest figures from the Strutt and Parker/IPD Lease Events Review were released showing that the propensity of tenants to exercise their break option was the highest in the 10-year history of the study, I heard the CEO of one of the UK's leading REITs describe the relationship between landlords and tenants as akin to an \"abusive marriage\".\n\nNow, while there are not many investor landlords that would admit to \"abuse\", the evidence from the recently published second UK Occupier Satisfaction Index shows that there is a long way to go before occupiers feel as if they are being treated as customers. I ask the simple question, can any industry where 43% of its \"customers\" do not feel valued be optimising returns for its investors? I have often heard the argument that the property industry is different, but can it be the only industry on the planet where satisfied customers do not yield higher returns for investors?\n\nIn my work advising property owners and managers on implementing customer service strategies I meet two sorts of investors, those with an intuitive understanding of the link between service and performance and those who will take a neutral or even negative stance, believing that customer service does not improve property returns.\n\nThere is encouraging news in the UK Occupier Satisfaction Index for those investors that have taken the intuitive decision to invest in service. This includes some of the UK's leading investors,  such as PruPIM and Legal and General Investment Management, and REITs, such as British Land, Land Securities and SEGRO.\n\nOccupiers are beginning to report that they can see the larger landlords differentiate themselves from the rest of the pack and that this is having an impact on which landlords they prefer to do business with. As one major corporate says: \"I want to build a longer-term relationship so I can do business with people I trust.\"\n\nThis approach makes even greater sense as we continue to see lease lengths shorten and vacancy rates rise. The Lease Events Review has further challenging news for investors with renewal rates at an all time low and rental voids after lease expiry hitting a high of 57% against a 10-year series average of 40%.\n\nSo, what do investors need to do to build confidence and differentiate themselves in the eyes of occupiers? The UK Occupier Satisfaction Index 2008 ( identifies five actionable areas.\n\nFlexibility: Occupiers welcome the gradual shortening of lease lengths and the availability of more break clauses. Significantly, 36.3% of occupiers think that lease flexibility in terms of lease length and ability to break has improved in the past year.\nHowever, occupiers continue to express frustration about the ability to assign and sub-let. They say that the restrictions landlords impose on assignment and sub-letting are too rigorous, and that the bureaucratic process required for obtaining consents is too lengthy and complex. In contrast with other countries, restrictions in the UK are considered archaic.\n\nOccupiers perceive that compliance with the Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales is patchy and want to see compliance become standard across the property industry, with property professionals such as letting agents and solicitors also embracing it. Others feel that the voluntary status of the Code means that it lacks teeth.\n\nPartnership: Occupiers perceive improvements in communication and in the property industry's understanding of their needs but are looking for closer, partnership-style relationships which are consistent throughout the life of the lease and an end to the ‘let and forget' style of management. They want property owners and their agents to go beyond understanding their needs and to demonstrate that they understand by taking the appropriate action. Smaller occupiers feel particularly undervalued by the property industry.\n\nResponsiveness: Satisfaction with responsiveness shows some improvement but two in five occupiers remain dissatisfied. Satisfaction tends to be higher when occupiers are kept well informed. Occupiers say they are frustrated with the time taken to win approval to assign or sub-let a lease, or obtain consent to carry out works and also feel strongly that the costs they incur are too high.\n\nSustainability: Sustainability is the big topic of the moment and over half of occupiers perceive that progress is being made by the property industry in implementing best practice in environmental initiatives. Occupiers now want to see the \"green-talk\" translated into action. Some believe that it is occupiers and legislation that is driving the change, and that the property industry needs to be more proactive. They question what can be done to make existing building stock more sustainable and who will pay.\n\nValue for money: Occupiers welcome the revised RICS Code of Practice for Service Charges in Commercial Property, and are cautiously optimistic about its adoption by the property industry. They recognise that compliance with the Code will take time, but perceive that the larger landlords and agents are adopting it faster than the smaller organisations. The voluntary nature of the Code is seen as a limiting factor for some.\nWhere do you start if you want to become a customer-focused investor?\n\nOne source of information is Real Service ( the customer service benchmarking and self-help group that was formed four years ago with active support of the British Property Federation. This not for profit membership group now includes over 40 owners, investors and managers. The group has established a series of programmes to benchmark aspects of customer service and in particular has developed a scorecard of 25 areas of best practice in customer focused property management. In addition to providing a forum for sharing best practice, the group has embarked on an ambitious programme to uncover the link between customer service and property performance.\n\nWhile it is still early stages in this journey of discovery in the UK, there is encouraging evidence from the USA. An analysis by Kingsley Associates of the performance of two similar office investment funds, both with around 6m ft2 and 30 assets, has revealed that the portfolio with the higher level of customer satisfaction is achieving a 6.4% higher level of tenant retention, worth $17m over five years.\nThe question for investors is - are you going to wait for the empirical proof or is now the time to take the ‘intuitive leap' and make customer service part of your toolkit to maximise tenant retention, increase loyalty and cash flow during the credit squeeze?\n\nHoward Morgan is managing director, real estate performance consulting, at Kingsley Lipsey Morgan", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9651561379432678}
{"content": "Comparison of Cartilage-Scoring and Cartilage-Sparing Otoplasty: A Retrospective Analysis of Complications and Aesthetic Outcome of 1060 Ears\n\nMarije N Smittenberg, Martijn Marsman, Nic J G M Veeger, Chantal M Moues\n\n    OnderzoeksoutputAcademicpeer review\n\n    8 Citaten (Scopus)\n\n\n    BACKGROUND: Various techniques are used to correct prominent ears. The authors describe their experience with four different otoplasty techniques in 565 patients with congenital deformities of the ears (1060 ears) that were performed in their hospital during an 11-year period (2002 to 2012).\n\n    METHODS: The authors divided the techniques into two groups: group I, cartilage-sparing techniques (i.e., IA, Mustardé; and IB, Furnas); and group II, cartilage-cutting techniques (i.e., IIA, Chongchet; and IIB, concha shell reduction). The authors compared early and late and minor and major complications, recurrence rates, and revision surgery. Furthermore, aesthetic outcome was scored by three different groups (consultant plastic surgeons, plastic surgery residents, and laymen) on a visual analogue scale using a blinded random selection of preoperative and postoperative photographs.\n\n    RESULTS: The percentage of complications without the need for reoperation was 20 percent and 21 percent in the cartilage-sparing and cartilage-cutting groups, respectively (p = 0.44). In 6 percent of all cases, a reoperation of the otoplasty was required (7 percent and 6 percent in the cartilage-sparing and cartilage-cutting groups, respectively). Aesthetic postoperative results showed that the cartilage-cutting group scored significantly lower on postoperative shape (p = 0.04), result (p = 0.03), and satisfaction (p = 0.04) compared with the cartilage-sparing group.\n\n    CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that patients who have undergone operations with cartilage-sparing or cartilage-cutting techniques have a similar rate of complications and need for reoperation. However, the cartilage-sparing techniques have a better aesthetic outcome, as judged by the different groups.\n\n\n    Originele taal-2English\n    Pagina's (van-tot)500e-506e\n    Aantal pagina's7\n    TijdschriftPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery\n    Nummer van het tijdschrift4\n    StatusPublished - apr-2018\n\n    Citeer dit", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9991950392723083}
{"content": "Skip to main content\n\nMS Humanities: Sustainable Cities: Using MLA & EasyBib\n\nEasyBib Resources\n\nEasyBib is a great tool for citing sources,taking notes and organizing research. \n\nUWCSEA subscribes to EasyBib, which gives our students access to premium features, such as the Notebook and Outline tools, and easy integration with Google Docs.  \n\nIt also provides the option of APA and Chicago referencing styles, in addition to the default MLA.\n\nFor more info about MLA as a referencing style, see the library guide on MLA.\n\n\nEasyBib Intro for students in Grades 5 to 10\n\nEasyBib Intro for Grade 11/12 - showing MLA, APA, & Chicago\n\nfor high school students, who will have the choice between MLA, APA, or Chicago (footnote style).\n\nClick here for the presentation.  NB: It is only accessible to people logged into a * account (because it shows our password).  For more information about EasyBib, see\n\nWant to know more about using EasyBib?\n\nIn-text citation: place the name of the author of the information source you use in brackets or parenthesis. All the details of the item are given in the list of works cited.\n\nMake sure the name you use in the text matches the first word in the bibliography entry.\n\nYou can use the source of information as many times as you wish, providing you remember to cite the name in parenthesis each time. You only add full details in the bibliography once. Quotations are given in quotation marks, and the page number is noted.\n\n\nPlease note:\n\n1. The text has been created for the purpose of illustrating the technique of in-text citation. The text does not refer to real-life events.\n\n2. All the references have been invented. They do not exist. They were created for the purpose of showing what a bibliography could contain, i.e. a variety of types of information - database article, email, book, websites where the authors are organizations rather than individuals. \n\nOnline MLA guides\n\nMLA Commons\n\n\n\n\nLoading ...\n\nMLA style books\n\nSlideshow of samples\n\nCommon problems students experience\n\nWhat students find new or difficult about referencing and citation in MLA style\n\nThese are some common questions that students ask about using MLA 8th (latest) edition:\n\nWhere do I put the URL in an MLA format entry?\n\nIt goes at the end of each entry on the the Works Cited (or bibliography) entry. IB rules (EE guide, Academic Honesty document) require that a student provide a URL, together with the date when s/he viewed the webpage.\n\nIs a URL sufficient citation information?\n\nNo. A good website will have at least a title and usually an author. You also need to add the date you consulted the website.\n\nWho and what is an author?\n\nAn author can be an individual, several people and/or an organization (a company, NGO, government department, etc.).\n\nIs footnoting/endnoting acceptable in MLA style?\n\nNo. Footnoting/endnoting is part of the Chicago style, which is generally used in the history discipline. MLA requires in-text citation.\n\nWhat does in-text citation do?\n\nIn makes a link between the words quoted, paraphrased or idea referred to in the text of the student’s work and the Works Cited section, which comes at the end of the piece of work.\n\nStudents don’t always realize that the name they use in the in-text citation must match the first name/word they use for their Works Cited entry.\n\nWhat does in-text citation look like in MLA 8?\n\nSurname of author page number within parenthesis, e.g. (Thomas 77).\n\nThe in-text citation is always in parenthesis, and just includes the surname or family name of the author or authors and a page number; no need for any punctuation marks. MLA is minimalist! (A date of publication is not used in MLA for in-text citation purposes.)\n\nWhere do I put the in-text citation?\n\nPlace the citation at the end of the sentence in which the quote/paraphrase is used. If you’re explaining someone’s idea, you’re probably doing that in a paragraph, so put the citation mark at the end of the paragraph. When you check your text, ask yourself: is it clear to a reader/examiner that x quote/paraphrase is from x source?\n\nWhat if I use the quote/idea several times in the essay?\n\nJust use the in-text citation each time you refer to the quote/idea. You can use it as many times as necessary. In the Works Cited section, you only provide one entry with the full publication/source details.\n\nHow do I do an in-text citation for an interview I carried out?\n\nPut the name of the person you interviewed in parenthesis following a quote, paraphrase or reference to the person’s opinions/answers to your questions.\n\nAre the words in an in-text citation included in the word count?\n\nAny words or numbers in in-text citation are not included in the word count for the essay.\n\nDo I separate websites from books, magazines, etc., in the Works Cited section?\n\nNo, it is all one alphabetical list ordered by author’s surname or family name, e.g. Jones, Simon not Simon Jones.\n\nWhat does an entry in the Works Cited section look like?\n\nThe basic order in MLA is as follows:\n\nLast or surname, First name. Title. City of publication: Publisher, year of publication.\n\n      Medium of publication.\n\nThis is an example:\n\nFrank, Adam. About time. London: Oneworld Publications, 2011. Print.\n\nIf you use an online citation generator, you need to check that all the entries are correct, so it is useful to know the basic order.\n\nWhat is the format for the entry in the Works Cited section?\n\nOrder and layout are as in the example above. Note that the title is in italic font. Use the punctuation as shown in the example.\n\nIf the entry goes over one line of print, you use a hanging-style format, e.g.\n\nAhamed, Liaquat. Lords of finance: the bankers who broke the world. New York:\n\n       Penguin, 2009. Print.\n\nWhat if there is more than one author? Do I list them all?\n\nGenerally, yes. For works with more than one author, see this page:\n\nWhat does the entry for a website on the Works Cited page look like?\n\nFollow the basic format (i.e. author, title, place of publication, publisher, date, medium) as much as possible. An example is -\n\n\"Visual Impairment and Blindness.\" WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2013.  \n\nThe title of the page is included in quotation marks. The website is written in italic font. N.p stands for no publisher given, n.d. stands for no date given. All these details can come from an online citation generator, and you just need to add the URL. N.B. Each citation generator tends to gather different information, so you do need to check the accuracy of the item.\n\nWhat does an entry for an interview I carried out look like in the Works Cited page?\n\nThe order is as follows: Surname or family name of the person interviewed. The words personal interview. Date of interview, e.g.\n\nWang, Cynthia. Personal interview. 14 August 2013.\n\nPunctuation is as given in the example, above.\n\n\n\n\n\n  Search our library catalogs for books, ebooks, etc.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9983043074607849}
{"content": "Good communication skills conclusion,bar professional training course results 2014,the worlds greatest miracle by og mandino pdf,time management solutions grand and toy toronto - Reviews\n\nPositive nursing communication skills with : the stroke patient, an angry family, Displaying empathy and compassion, A nurse story. NURSING COMMUNICATION SKILLS POSITIVE AND NEGATIVELike it or not, every nurse engages in communication.\nWhen Communication Skills are LackingLinda is sleep deprived and has beenworking too much overtime.\nWhether you are speaking or listening, looking into the eyes of the person with whom you are conversing can make the interaction more successful. Not only should one be able to speak effectively, one must listen to the other person’s words and engage in communication on what the other person is speaking about.\nThis is all incorporated in:- Assessment- Intervention- Documentation- EducationThese are just a few of the responsibilitiesof a nurse. Take time each day to be aware of your opinions and feelings so you can adequately convey them to others. Communication skills can be practiced every day in settings that range from the social to the professional.\n\nEye contact conveys interest and encourages your partner to be interested in you in return. An open stance with arms relaxed at your sides tells anyone around you that you are approachable and open to hearing what they have to say.\nAvoid the impulse to listen only for the end of their sentence so that you can blurt out the ideas or memories your mind while the other person is speaking. Communications skills for the nurse is an essential part of a day's work.Good Communication SkillsAn ICU nurse is confronted with an angry family because of adying relative.\nThe nurse also followsup later (per unit's policy) that medication has been effective.Wong Baker Faces Pain Scaleis one that is used for adults and children as young as 3 years of age. Individuals who are hesitant to speak because they do not feel their input would be worthwhile need not fear. New skills take time to refine, but each time you use your communication skills, you open yourself to opportunities and future partnerships. If you have to deliver a negative message, make your words, facial expressions, and tone match the message.\n\nThe nurse takes the time to introduce herself,listen to their concerns and tells the other members of the medical team what their needs were. What is important or worthwhile to one person may not be to another and may be more so to someone else. This brought calm to the situation.On admission to the surgical floor, a nurse walks into the room,never introduces herself and begins her daily routine. The patient is discharged and calls to find outone week later, when to remove the hose.ERPoor communication in the ER - The triage nurse who did notfully communicate to the paramedics the patient capacity of theEmergency Room. The paramedics arrived to a full ER and hadto travel to another Emergency Room.ConclusionFinally, there are no easy answers.\nIt is obvious that not everynurse will communicate to suit every patient, family or coworker.However, every attempt should be made to improve effectivecommunication skills.\n\nCertificate 2 in diabetes management\nMentoring training youth\nBooks on life purpose 870\nOne stop quorn way coventry\n\nComments to «Good communication skills conclusion»\n\n  1. Merely had to correct-click it, pick Decrypt,??and connection in between internal chemical thoughts, which are the.\n  2. First or second time consciously applying like.\n  3. Our lotto/lottery technique and keno program, you'll.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.741257905960083}
{"content": "Presentation is loading. Please wait.\n\nPresentation is loading. Please wait.\n\nCHAPTER 7 The Hydrogen Atom\n\nSimilar presentations\n\nPresentation on theme: \"CHAPTER 7 The Hydrogen Atom\"— Presentation transcript:\n\n1 CHAPTER 7 The Hydrogen Atom\n7.1 Application of the Schrödinger Equation to the Hydrogen Atom 7.2 Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for Hydrogen 7.3 Quantum Numbers 7.4 Magnetic Effects on Atomic Spectra–The Zeeman Effect 7.5 Intrinsic Spin 7.6 Energy Levels and Electron Probabilities Werner Heisenberg ( ) The atom of modern physics can be symbolized only through a partial differential equation in an abstract space of many dimensions. All its qualities are inferential; no material properties can be directly attributed to it. An understanding of the atomic world in that primary sensuous fashion…is impossible. - Werner Heisenberg\n\n2 7.1: Application of the Schrödinger Equation to the Hydrogen Atom\nThe potential energy of the electron-proton system is electrostatic: Use the three-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger Equation. For Hydrogen-like atoms (He+ or Li++), replace e2 with Ze2 (Z is the atomic number). In all cases, for better accuracy, replace m with the reduced mass, m.\n\n3 Spherical Coordinates\nThe potential (central force) V(r) depends on the distance r between the proton and electron. Transform to spherical polar coordinates because of the radial symmetry.\n\n4 The Schrödinger Equation in Spherical Coordinates\nTransformed into spherical coordinates, the Schrödinger equation becomes:\n\n5 Separable Solution The wave function y is a function of r, q, f. This is a potentially complicated function. Assume instead that y is separable, that is, a product of three functions, each of one variable only: This would make life much simpler, and it turns out to work.\n\n6 7.2: Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for Hydrogen\nStart with Schrodinger’s Equation: Substitute: Multiply both sides by -r2 sin2q / R f g:\n\n7 Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for H\nr and q appear only on the left side and f appears only on the right side. The left side of the equation cannot change as f changes. The right side cannot change with either r or q. Each side needs to be equal to a constant for the equation to be true. Set the constant to be −mℓ2 It is convenient to choose the solution to be . azimuthal equation\n\n8 Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for H\nsatisfies the azimuthal equation for any value of mℓ. The solution must be single valued to be a valid solution for any f: Specifically: So: mℓ must be an integer (positive or negative) for this to be true.\n\n9 Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for H\nNow set the left side equal to −mℓ2: −mℓ2 Rearrange it and divide by sin2(q): Now, the left side depends only on r, and the right side depends only on q. We can use the same trick again!\n\n10 Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for H\nSet each side equal to the constant ℓ(ℓ + 1). Radial equation Angular equation We’ve separated the Schrödinger equation into three ordinary second-order differential equations, each containing only one variable.\n\n11 Solution of the Radial Equation for H\nThe radial equation is called the associated Laguerre equation and the solutions R are called associated Laguerre functions. There are infinitely many of them, for values of n = 1, 2, 3, … Assume that the ground state has n = 1 and ℓ = 0. Let’s find this solution. The radial equation becomes: The derivative of yields two terms:\n\n12 Solution of the Radial Equation for H\nTry a solution A is a normalization constant. a0 is a constant with the dimension of length. Take derivatives of R and insert them into the radial equation. To satisfy this equation for any r, both expressions in parentheses must be zero. Set the second expression equal to zero and solve for a0: Set the first expression equal to zero and solve for E: Both are equal to the Bohr results!\n\n13 Principal Quantum Number n\nThere are many solutions to the radial wave equation, one for each positive integer, n. The result for the quantized energy is: A negative energy means that the electron and proton are bound together.\n\n14 7.3: Quantum Numbers The three quantum numbers:\nn: Principal quantum number ℓ: Orbital angular momentum quantum number mℓ: Magnetic (azimuthal) quantum number The restrictions for the quantum numbers: n = 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . ℓ = 0, 1, 2, 3, , n − 1 mℓ = −ℓ, −ℓ + 1, , 0, 1, , ℓ − 1, ℓ Equivalently: n > 0 ℓ < n |mℓ| ≤ ℓ The energy levels are:\n\n15 Hydrogen Atom Radial Wave Functions\nFirst few radial wave functions Rnℓ Sub-scripts on R specify the values of n and ℓ.\n\n16 Solution of the Angular and Azimuthal Equations\nThe solutions to the azimuthal equation are: Solutions to the angular and azimuthal equations are linked because both have mℓ. Physicists usually group these solutions together into functions called Spherical Harmonics: spherical harmonics\n\n17 Normalized Spherical Harmonics\n\n18 Solution of the Angular and Azimuthal Equations\nThe radial wave function R and the spherical harmonics Y determine the probability density for the various quantum states. The total wave function depends on n, ℓ, and mℓ. The wave function becomes\n\n19 Probability Distribution Functions\nWe use the wave functions to calculate the probability distributions of the electrons. The “position” of the electron is spread over space and is not well defined. We may use the radial wave function R(r) to calculate radial probability distributions of the electron. The probability of finding the electron in a differential volume element dt is:\n\n20 Probability Distribution Functions\nThe differential volume element in spherical polar coordinates is Therefore, At the moment, we’re only interested in the radial dependence. The radial probability density is P(r) = r2|R(r)|2 and it depends only on n and ℓ.\n\n21 Probability Distribution Functions\nR(r) and P(r) for the lowest-lying states of the hydrogen atom.\n\n22 Probability Distribution Functions\nThe probability density for the hydrogen atom for three different electron states.\n\n23 Orbital Angular Momentum Quantum Number ℓ\nEnergy levels are degenerate with respect to ℓ (the energy is independent of ℓ). Physicists use letter names for the various ℓ values: ℓ = Letter = s p d f g h Atomic states are usualy referred to by their values of n and ℓ. A state with n = 2 and ℓ = 1 is called a 2p state.\n\n24 Orbital Angular Momentum Quantum Number ℓ\nIt’s associated with the R(r) and f(θ) parts of the wave function. Classically, the orbital angular momentum with L = mvorbitalr. L is related to ℓ by In an ℓ = 0 state, This disagrees with Bohr’s semi-classical “planetary” model of electrons orbiting a nucleus L = nħ. Classical orbits—which do not exist in quantum mechanics\n\n25 Magnetic Quantum Number mℓ\nThe solution for g(f) specifies that mℓ is an integer and is related to the z component of L: Example: ℓ = 2: Only certain orientations of are possible. This is called space quantization. And (except when ℓ = 0) we just don’t know Lx and Ly!\n\n26 Rough derivation of ‹L2› = ℓ(ℓ+1)ħ2\nWe expect the average of the angular momentum components squared to be the same due to spherical symmetry: But Averaging over all mℓ values (assuming each is equally likely): because:\n\n27 7.4: Magnetic Effects on Atomic Spectra—The Zeeman Effect\nIn 1896, the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman showed that spectral lines emitted by atoms in a magnetic field split into multiple energy levels. It is called the Zeeman effect. Consider the atom to behave like a small magnet. Think of an electron as an orbiting circular current loop of I = dq / dt around the nucleus. If the period is T = 2p r / v, then I = -e/T = -e/(2p r / v) = -e v /(2p r). The current loop has a magnetic moment m = IA = [-e v /(2p r)] p r2 = [-e/2m] mrv: where L = mvr is the magnitude of the orbital angular momentum.\n\n28 The Zeeman Effect The potential energy due to the magnetic field is:\nIf the magnetic field is in the z-direction, we only care about the z-component of m: where mB = eħ / 2m is called the Bohr magneton.\n\n29 The Zeeman Effect A magnetic field splits the mℓ levels. The potential energy is quantized and now also depends on the magnetic quantum number mℓ. When a magnetic field is applied, the 2p level of atomic hydrogen is split into three different energy states with energy difference of ΔE = mBB Δmℓ. mℓ Energy 1 E0 + μBB E0 −1 E0 − μBB\n\n30 The Zeeman Effect The transition from 2p to 1s, split by a magnetic field.\n\n31 The Zeeman Effect An atomic beam of particles in the ℓ = 1 state pass through a magnetic field along the z direction. The mℓ = +1 state will be deflected down, the mℓ = −1 state up, and the mℓ = 0 state will be undeflected.\n\n32 7.6: Energy Levels and Electron Probabilities\nFor hydrogen, the energy level depends on the prin-cipal quantum number n. In the ground state, an atom cannot emit radiation. It can absorb electromagnetic radiation, or gain energy through inelastic bombardment by particles.\n\n33 Selection Rules We can use the wave functions to calculate transition probabilities for the electron to change from one state to another. The probability is proportional to the mag square of the dipole moment: Allowed transitions: Electrons absorbing or emitting photons can change states when Δℓ = ±1 and Δmℓ = 0, ±1. Forbidden transitions: Other transitions are possible but occur with much smaller probabilities. where Yi and Yf are the initial and final states of the transition.\n\n34 7.5: Intrinsic Spin In 1925, grad students, Samuel Goudsmit and George Uhlenbeck, in Holland proposed that the electron must have an intrinsic angular momentum and therefore a magnetic moment. Paul Ehrenfest showed that, if so, the surface of the spinning electron should be moving faster than the speed of light! In order to explain experimental data, Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck proposed that the electron must have an intrinsic spin quantum number s = ½.\n\n35 Intrinsic Spin The spinning electron reacts similarly to the orbiting electron in a magnetic field. The magnetic spin quantum number ms has only two values, ms = ±½. The electron’s spin will be either “up” or “down” and can never be spinning with its magnetic moment μs exactly along the z axis.\n\n36 Intrinsic Spin Recall: The magnetic moment is . The coefficient of is −2μB and is a consequence of relativistic quantum mechanics. Writing in terms of the gyromagnetic ratio, g: gℓ = 1 and gs = 2: The z component of . In an ℓ = 0 state: Apply ms and the potential energy becomes: and no splitting due to .\n\n37 Generalized Uncertainty Principle\nDefine the Commutator of two operators, A and B: Then the uncertainty relation between the two corresponding observables will be: So if A and B commute, the two observables can be measured simultaneously. If not, they can’t. Example: So: and\n\n38 Two Types of Uncertainty in Quantum Mechanics\nWe’ve seen that some quantities (e.g., energy levels) can be computed precisely, and some not (Lx). Whatever the case, the accuracy of their measured values is limited by the Uncertainty Principle. For example, energies can only be measured to an accuracy of ħ /Dt, where Dt is how long we spent doing the measurement. And there is another type of uncertainty: we often simply don’t know which state an atom is in. For example, suppose we have a batch of, say, 100 atoms, which we excite with just one photon. Only one atom is excited, but which one? We might say that each atom has a 1% chance of being in an excited state and a 99% chance of being in the ground state. This is called a superposition state.\n\n39 Superpositions of states\nStationary states are stationary. But an atom can be in a superposition of two stationary states, and this state moves. where |ai|2 is the probability that the atom is in state i. Interestingly, this lack of knowledge means that the atom is vibrating:\n\n40 Superpositions of states\nVibrations occur at the frequency difference between the two levels. Excited level, E2 DE = hn Energy Ground level, E1 The atom is vibrating at frequency, n. The atom is at least partially in an excited state.\n\n41 Calculations in Physics: Semi-classical physics\nThe most precise computations are performed fully quantum-mechanically by calculating the potential precisely and solving Schrodinger’s Equation. But they can be very difficult. The least precise calculations are performed classically, neglecting quantization and using Newton’s Laws. An intermediate case is semi-classical computations, in which an atom’s energy levels are computed quantum-mechanically, but additional effects, such as light waves, are treated classically.\n\nDownload ppt \"CHAPTER 7 The Hydrogen Atom\"\n\nSimilar presentations\n\nAds by Google", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9077386260032654}
{"content": "Database Backup and Restore\n\nKris 9 maand geleden in Ideas bijgewerkt door Vladimir Ovchinnikov 8 maand geleden 1\n\n\nIt would be very useful to have a mechanism/API allowing backup and restore of the system database to/from the cloud. It could be private cloud storage or iRidium cloud. It would allow to keep the historical data in case server failure or other accidental data wipe. I understand that at the moment it is only possible by manual copying database file between devices/folders, which might be problematic in some cases.\n\n\nThank you for your suggestion.\nIf you want to store and process critical data, we recommend using full-fledged DBMS and moving data using DBMS tools. To access these DBMS, i3 pro has an ODBC driver (only for Windows server and client).\nAt the moment, we have no plans to add new tools for working with the built-in database.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8547492027282715}
{"content": "The Memo: Convention cancellation adds to Trump's troubles\n\nPresident TrumpDonald TrumpSunday shows preview: House GOP removes Cheney from leadership position; CDC issues new guidance for fully vaccinated Americans Navajo Nation president on Arizona's new voting restrictions: An 'assault' on our rights The Memo: Lawmakers on edge after Greene's spat with Ocasio-Cortez MORE’s decision to cancel one of the biggest events of his reelection campaign is fresh proof of the vexing landscape he faces in his bid for a second term.\n\nTrump announced on Thursday that the portion of the Republican National Convention that had been scheduled for Jacksonville, Fla., would be canceled.\n\nThe president would have given his acceptance speech in the Florida city on Aug. 27 — an option he had initially wanted to exercise after being irked by social distancing requirements in the convention’s original location of Charlotte, N.C.\n\n\nNow, the president and his allies are arguing that the move is evidence of how seriously Trump is taking the coronavirus. Cases of COVID-19 have surged in Florida, the largest swing state in the presidential election.\n\nStill, the cancellation of a traditional acceptance speech in front of a huge crowd deprives Trump of one more game-changing opportunity in a campaign where he badly lags his Democratic rival Joe BidenJoe BidenWarren calls for US to support ceasefire between Israel and Hamas UN secretary general 'deeply disturbed' by Israeli strike on high rise that housed media outlets Nation's largest nurses union condemns new CDC guidance on masks MORE with little more than 100 days to go.\n\nThe Jacksonville decision is also a broader acknowledgement that the huge indoor rallies that were a staple of the 2016 Trump campaign are difficult, if not impossible, to replicate in the current environment.\n\nThose who know Trump acknowledge that he draws encouragement from the adulation of big crowds and that the absence of such events will come at a price.\n\n“At the end of the day, he is a terrible president, but he is a reasonably effective stage performer,” said Anthony ScaramucciAnthony ScaramucciInfluential Republicans detail call to reform party, threaten to form new one Anthony Scaramucci joining CNBC as a contributor Biden doubles down on normal at White House MORE, who served a famously short tenure as Trump’s White House communications director and has since become a vigorous critic.\n\n“His mood is positively impacted by those rallies, and so not having those rallies has a sort of negative impact on the campaign. It hurts his morale,” Scaramucci added.\n\n\nThe president and his aides may also have calculated that the risk of a lightly attended acceptance speech in Jacksonville was just too high.\n\nA Trump rally in Tulsa, Okla., last month turned into an embarrassment. Then-campaign manager Brad ParscaleBrad ParscaleAides tried to get Trump to stop attacking McCain in hopes of clinching Arizona: report MORE boasted that there had been around 1 million applications for tickets. In the end, there were thousands of empty seats in an arena with a capacity of 19,000. Parscale has since been demoted, with Bill Stepien installed as the new campaign manager.\n\nHad the Jacksonville event gone ahead, there was also the risk of people getting infected on-site — a prospect that would be substantively and politically disastrous.\n\nInstead, Republicans are seeking to put the decision to cancel in the context of what they say is a shift in tone by the president.\n\nIn recent days, Trump has tweeted a photo of himself wearing a mask for the first time, saying it was a “patriotic” thing to do. He has also returned to the lectern of the White House briefing room to talk about the pandemic for the first time since April.\n\nAt the first of those briefings, on Tuesday, Trump acknowledged that the coronavirus situation “will probably, unfortunately, get worse before it gets better.”\n\nCritics scoff at the idea of a shift by Trump, asserting that tonal changes are irrelevant unless more concrete actions are also taken.\n\nBut Republicans say there is a new emphasis on the seriousness of the problem — something that they see reflected in the Jacksonville decision.\n\n“I think it impacts the president positively to cancel the convention in Jacksonville,” said Republican strategist Ron Bonjean. “It would just have created a negative news environment, but canceling shows he understands the danger of the coronavirus — and that is a concern that the Biden campaign has been using against him.”\n\nIn announcing the decision, Trump emphasized that there was “great enthusiasm” among his supporters. But “we didn’t want to take any chances,” he added.\n\nPolitically, Trump is caught between a rock and a hard place.\n\nHe could have appeared irresponsible by holding the convention in a state hit so hard by COVID-19.\n\n\nBut canceling strips him of a rare opportunity to change the direction of a campaign that has been running against him.\n\nThere are plans afoot in both parties to move large parts of their conventions online. But online events have much less of the fervor that Trump, in particular, loves.\n\n“He is bored by Zoom and bored by virtual calls,” said Scaramucci. “He doesn’t like it.”\n\nTrump lags Biden by almost 9 percentage points in the RealClearPolitics (RCP) national polling average.\n\nHis standing in the battleground states is not significantly better. In the RCP state averages, Trump was down by between 6.4 points and 8.2 points in Florida, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin as of Friday evening.\n\n“There is still a fair time left, but with the spread of COVID again, it just looks like a daunting task for him,” said Tobe Berkovitz, a Boston University professor who specializes in political communications.\n\nFormer Vice President Joe Biden \"benefits from running out the clock — and the clock is starting to run out,\" Berkovitz added. \n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7018505334854126}
{"content": "US as Argentina\n\nDecember 23, 2010 08:38\n\nThe decline in Argentina as a parallel to what is happening in our country.\n\nRon Holland at the Daily Bell via Monty Pelerin’s World\n\nFour Horsemen of the Apocalypse\n\nIt is sometimes useful (and depressing) to look at history as a guide. Ron Holland on the Daily Bell details the decline in Argentina as a parallel to what is happening in our country.\n\nThe parallel is not without reason. In 1913 Argentina was the third richest country in the world, behind Great Britain and the U.S. According to Holland:\n\nIn 1913 Argentina’s GDP reached 72% of the U.S. level. But by 1998 it had fallen to 34%. What went wrong?\n\nHis explanation should trouble us all.\n\n\nby Ron Holland\n\n•A discussion of the ominous parallels between Argentina & the U.S.\n\n•The question is asked, can America avoid the mistakes and economic consequences that Argentina has suffered?\n\n•Is it too late?\n\n“There are a lot of ways to ruin an economy. Argentina has experimented with most of them. It has devalued its currency, and revalued it. It has pegged it, and then knocked down the peg. It has regulated, controlled, inspected, taxed and confiscated. Following the 2001 crisis, earnings fell by 30% – with half the nation slipping below the official poverty line. What is remarkable is that the Argentine economy has survived at all.” – Bill Bonner\n\n“Down Argentine Way” was the 1940 film that made a star of Betty Grable, who played an attractive young woman on vacation who fell in love with a wealthy racehorse owner. The storyline actually reflected a common occurrence during the 25 years prior to the film debut.\n\nIn the early 20th century, “as rich as an Argentine” was a common expression, often used in connection with land poor British aristocrats marrying off daughters to wealthy Argentinians. We all know about Harrods Department Store in London. Few remember that during this period of Argentine prosperity Harrods also ran a store in Buenos Aires.\n\nBuenos Aires is still a beautiful and interesting city. If you visit, you’ll learn that despite all the doom and gloom we hear concerning Washington debt and the dwindling dollar, there is life after debt repudiation and currency collapse. The same thing has been proven in Russia, Germany and other nations numerous times. It has even happened twice in the United States.\n\n“May you live in interesting times” – A Chinese Curse\n\nSince 2008, we’ve certainly lived in interesting times both in politics and in the markets. The U.S. has tried standard Keynesian economic solutions with exploding deficits and trillions in government debt to solve the problems of mania, bubble and bust in real estate and the economy.\n\n\nIf you haven’t noticed, the world is full of people who appear normal but by Einstein’s standard are insane. The problem for us is that many of them are politicians and government “leaders.”\n\nLet’s Take A Quick Look At Some Insanity Closer To Home\n\nDo you really think voting Democrat or Republican is going to give you less government or more liberty?\n\nWill Americans ever vote in overwhelming numbers for a third-party candidate in a national election?\n\nIf you continue to lose money with a particular investment advisor, why do you count on the performance improving next year?\n\nThe U.S. has been accumulating trillions in national debt since World War Two. Why would we think this will stop with the latest GOP victory in the House of Representatives or with the success of a few Tea Party candidates?\n\nAmerica will continue down the same road toward less liberty and more debt until we reach the end of the road. We will trash the dollar and keep building up our national debt until the world stops buying our Treasury obligations.\n\nIn recent weeks, China, Brazil, Germany and France have warned the U.S. to get its dollar and debt problems in order, to no avail. This will continue for quite a while, but just as our current foreign policies are opposed by most of the world, so our financial policies are now being questioned by world leaders and economists. One day the world will have had enough of our dollars and will tire of financing our debt. The dollar will cease to be the world’s reserve currency.\n\nThere is no way to know when this will happen; it could be next year or a decade from now. Our view is that before the dollar free-falls and investors flee Treasury debt, the Washington politicians will be reaching hard for your wealth, to buy more time.\n\nThere is nothing unique about what we are going through as a nation; it has happened many times throughout history, to other countries. Here in the U.S. we have had so much prosperity that we forget that wealth confiscation and economic collapse are more the norm than the exception.\n\nLook Back At Argentina in 1913\n\nIt was an important year.\n\nWhile the British Empire was first in economic size, only the United States challenged Argentina for the position of the world’s second-most powerful economy. The nation was blessed with abundant agriculture, millions of acres of farmland, navigable rivers and an accessible port system.\n\nThe country’s level of industrialization was higher than that of many European countries: railroads, automobiles and telephones were commonplace. Argentina was one of the ten richest nations in the world, and the rate of economic growth from 1870 to 1913 far exceeded that of the United States or Germany.\n\n\nPolitics and corruption. Inflation and currency depreciation were in double digits from 1945 to 1952, from 1956 to1968 and from 1970 to1974. And they were in triple digits and then quadruple digits from 1975 to 1990. In 1989, the inflation rate peaked at 5,000%! In one month the Argentine currency fell 64% against the dollar. Finally, on April 28, 1989, the printing presses were shut down because the government ran out of paper for banknotes and the printers went on strike.\n\nArgentina’s government defaulted on its debt twice between 1870 and 1914 and again in 1982, 1989, 2002 and 2004 (to foreign creditors). It led the world in selling IOUs to foreign investors, just as America does today.\n\nOn December 23, 2001, after GDP had declined 12% for the year, the government announced a moratorium on all foreign debt — $81 billion worth. It was the largest default in history. The 500,000 foreign creditors finally agreed to accept 35 cents on the dollar. China and other creditors of the U.S. government should be looking at what happened in Argentina very closely.\n\nMore Ominous Parallels Between Argentina Then & America Today\n\nIn 1916 a new president was elected in Argentina; he had a foreign sounding name I can’t hope to pronounce. ((Can you spell it?)) He led a party called the Radicals, and their slogan was “fundamental change,” with an appeal to the lower middle class. Doesn’t this platform and campaign rhetoric sound familiar? “Change we can believe in” with a different phrasing.\n\nHe advocated a mandatory pension program, like the mandatory or “automatic” IRA” being pushed by the Democrats and some Republicans (including deep thinkers at the supposedly conservative Heritage Foundation).\n\nHe wanted mandatory health insurance and supported construction of low-income housing to stimulate the economy. Basically, like the American bailouts of 2008, in Argentina the state assumed control of a vast swath of the country’s economy and began assessing new payroll taxes to fund its efforts.\n\nDoes this remind you of what is happening to the United States?\n\nWith an increasing flow of funds into these entitlement programs, the government’s payouts quickly became overly generous. Soon the government outlays surpassed the value of the forced taxpayer contributions. Put simply, it quickly became under-funded, much like our Social Security and Medicare programs are today.\n\nThe death knell for the Argentine economy, however, came with the election of Juan Peron. Peron preached a fascist and corporatist philosophy much like Mussolini in Italy. He and his charismatic wife, Evita, first targeted their populist rhetoric at the nation’s rich. But as time went on the targeted group expanded to include most of the propertied middle class, who also became an enemy to be defeated and looted.\n\n\nAgain, does this sound familiar? Remember that the automobile industry bailout was directed far more toward supporting unions and their underfunded retirement and health plans than helping GM or Chrysler. It was the same on the GOP side when Washington bailed out much of the corrupt and failing big players in the American and foreign banking systems.\n\nHigh taxes and economic mismanagement continued to take their toll, even after Peron had been driven from office. His populist rhetoric and ignorance of free-market economics remained on the political scene as Argentina’s federal government continued to spend far beyond its means, like America today.\n\nHyperinflation exploded in 1989, which is usually the final stage of collapse brought on by industrial protectionism, inflated salaries and bureaucratic regulation of the economy. The Argentinean government’s practice of printing money to pay its debts crushed the economy when inflation reached heights reminiscent of the Weimar Republic. Food riots were rampant; stores were looted; the country descended into chaos.\n\nBy 1994, Argentina’s public pensions – the equivalent of Social Security – had imploded. The payroll tax had increased from 5% to 26%, but it wasn’t enough. So Argentina implemented a value-added tax (VAT), new income taxes and a personal tax on wealth. These crushed the private sector.\n\nA government-controlled “privatization” effort to rescue seniors’ pensions was attempted. But by 2001 even those funds had a been raided by the government, the monies replaced with defaulted Argentine government bonds. (You can read more about this in my Get Ready for the Obama Retirement Trap.)\n\nBy 2002, the Argentine government’s fiscal irresponsibility had produced a national economic crisis as severe as America’s Great Depression.\n\nOur problems promise to produce worse. The dollar is still the world’s reserve currency, and our fall will resound in a way that Argentina’s did not. Germany, China, France and other nations have warned us that there is limited tolerance for continued U.S. money printing. The jury is still out; but if the printing continues, America is not going to like the verdict.\n\nAmerica Runs the Risk of Being Blamed for the Greatest Depression\n\nThere are, as we have seen, parallels between Argentina and the road the U.S. has taken. Following the 2008 meltdown, the entire world is in a tough situation. The U.S., predictably, has decided on currency depreciation to “solve” its problems. Germany, China and Russia express their displeasure.\n\nThe United States, doubtless, will be blamed for the coming meltdown. Other countries fear quite rightly what they have seen before, a tidal wave of repudiation and currency depreciation that could dramatically change the world. They know the U.S. will postpone the inevitable – but sooner or later the cumulative impact of profligacy, waste and corruption will become unstoppable. The U.S. economy will likely implode, taking the current world order with it.\n\nWe are living in the midst of a paradigm shift; the internet is having an impact on politics, information and financial markets. Such a transformation has happened before, with Gutenberg’s printing press in the 1500s, which destroyed the existing power structure and left Europe in turmoil. The invention of the press did to the religion, to the state and to the economy of the 16th century what the Internet is doing to Western society today.\n\nThis is an exciting transition period, when every established institution, from the FED to the two-party political system to Wall Street to our banking system, is being questioned and challenged by the alternative press of which we are part. Truth and change may be good in the long run, but in the near term they stress the system much like national bankruptcy and debt repudiation did in Argentina.\n\nAmerica Is the New Argentina!\n\n“God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, courage to change the things I can, and wisdom to always tell the difference.” – Kurt Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse-Five\n\nRight now we can’t change the direction our nation is heading, but with courage we can still take action now to defend our wealth while we work toward political change. The economic lesson to be learned from the Argentina experience is wealth and resources can be destroyed by big government and financial mismanagement. The United States is following a path similar to Argentina’s. Our political and financial leaders are doing the same thing that those in Argentina did and somehow expecting the outcome to be different this time.\n\nThe results will not be any different. Protect your wealth, and help us warn and educate the public through your support of the Foundation.\n\n– Ron Holland at the Daily Bell via Monty Pelerin’s World\n\n\nInterested In Further Reading? Click Here", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7224503755569458}
{"content": "Jerry Maguire, Show Me the Money! Benefits of Obtaining a Sports Management Degree\n\nOther than the more ordinary capacities, for example, orchestrating instructing and preparing times and scenes, regalia, travel, and spending advancement and bookkeeping, a “leader sports director” is liable for the drafting and marking of new players and player exchanges.\n\nLeader sports the executives are generally in the background callings. Open consciousness of the cozy connection between the operator, the player, and the group’s chief administration was raised by the film “Jerry Maguire”, where the NFL player played by Cuba Gooding Jr. requests, in the suffering statement from the film, that his specialist “Show me the cash!”\n\nA group’s chief games director works straightforwardly with the player’s specialist and the group’s GM, arranging compensation and length of agreement. A scholastic track to a chief level situation with an expert group requires a Master’s or other progressed sports the board online degree. Educational program initially centers general MBA-level coursework in business, law, HR, and financial aspects. Ensuing leader sports the board degree coursework incorporates sports-explicit media, PR, interchanges, and advertising, including fan club advancement and the executives, just as preparing on programming utilized in university settings and in the MLB, NFL, NBA, MLS, and NHL, ability exploring and sports organization, HR, NCAA scholastics and consistence law, and game day and ticket activities.\n\nA greater part of chief administrators 스포츠 토토 entering their activity through a non-scholarly track were effective players and additionally mentors, making a characteristic change from player or mentor to leader sports the executives. The hopeful chief games the executives certificate looking for understudy will likewise profit by experience that shows capacity to take a group to triumph. Experience as an effective player or mentor is basically an essential for both the non-scholarly and scholastic tracks to a profession as a chief administrator.\n\nOccasion administrators work with proficient significant group and small time sports, just as intercollegiate, and sorted out territorial, nearby, and corporate novice sports. Objective and the travel industry affiliations, including Convention and Visitor Bureaus, progressively utilize sport occasion supervisors to assist them with benefiting from the potential for pulling in and developing games in their city or district.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6914492845535278}
{"content": "Fundi Banner\n\nEnter your email address for emails about the latest BURSARIES available\n\nYou can unsubscribe at any time\n\n\nType your keywords in the search box above\n\nWhat Is The NSFAS N+2 Rule?\n\n\nNSFAS provides financial aid to students from poor and working-class families. However, there are rules for when you're funded by NSFAS. One is the N+2 rule. \n\nThe N+2 rule means that students only have N+2 years to finish a degree. “N” is the minimum number of years allocated to complete a qualification (i.e. record time). The “+2” refers to the extra two years that a student may need to complete the qualification (making the maximum time).\n\nIt would then refer to the number of years a student should be enrolled at a university. The maximum is 5 years if you exceed the 5 years you are no longer eligible for funding .\n\nFor example: where a qualification is three years, the university will allow you to complete it within a five-year period, with the extra two years being the [+2].\n\nIt is important to further note that, the N+2 rule is not based on the number of years that a student has been funded, but on the number of years that the student has been registered for tertiary study at any public university in South Africa, regardless of institution change.\n\nWhen NSFAS states the reason for your unsuccessful funding application as: ‘you have exceeded the N+2 rule’, this means you have been studying longer than the minimum allocated time for your as well as the extra two years you have been given to complete your qualification.\n\nNSFAS is however sympathetic towards  students. If students have exceeded the number of years allowed for funding but only require a few courses/modules to complete their qualification, they can appeal to NSFAS as well as speak to the financial aid officers at their respective institutions and they could possibly be funded. \n\nNSFAS has said that it is unfair for students to be funded for a very long time as this would leave NSFAS to be incapable of funding less new students and taking away those opportunities of new students who are entering the system. \n\n\nLatest Bursaries\n\nThe Company has a programme to train students either at Universities, Universities of Techology and CETA Learnerships in order to ensure sufficient numbers of graduates and technicians for the company’s future needs. \n\nThis formal education is followed up by on the job training and mentorship under the supervision of skilled, trained and professional people. \n\nThe Fulbright Foreign Student Programme is inviting applications for the 2022-2023 academic year.\n\nThe South African Fulbright Foreign Student Programme provides grants for South African university graduates to pursue post-graduate studies at a United States university in any subject (excludes MBA and studies that require contact with patients).\n\nFor the past 19 years, the Thuthuka Bursary has funded academically talented African and Coloured learners and students who want to become chartered accountants [CAs(SA)]. If you are one of them, don’t delay applications for the 2022 intake have just opened.\n\nITVarsity could be the stepping stone to an amazing career for you. Enter their AppHustle competition and you could win a bursary to study at ITVarsity.\n\nThe #AppHustle is a competition like no other. If you win the competition, you will get a bursary to study at ITVarsity worth R25 000!\n\nThe bursary covers all your study fees, study content and assessment fees.\n\nJakes Gerwel Fellowship is a full university scholarship that provides extensive mentoring and leadership development for graduate students with a passion for teaching and education.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9599511623382568}
{"content": "Townsville D2 restoration\n\n06 April 2021\n\nTownsville Breathes new life into the old D2 for a second time\n\nA beautifully restored CAT D2 Track Type Tractor now sits, in the courtyard area of Hastings Deering Townsville. How it ended up there is a story spanning more than 20 years.\n\nIt began with and a special relationship, formed between Hastings Deering’s Gordon Bontoff, and customer Dave Cox, who back in 1997 was the largest sugar cane grower in the Burdekin district.\n\nIn early 1998, on a visit to Dave’s farm, Gordon noticed two D2 Track Type Tractors sitting side by side near a shed. Gordon asked if it would be possible to buy one of them. Dave declined the offer and instead donated the machine on the understanding Hastings Deering would restore it to running condition and put it on display.\n\nYoung apprentice diesel fitter Peter Hinrichsen began work on it. Restoring it so well they would take it out to the NQ Field days.\nGordon recalls “We would drive the D2 all around them, people loved it! It was a good reminder of the heritage of Hastings Deering and Caterpillar in NQ, brand awareness you couldn’t put a price on”.\n\n“We actually had a competition on how quickly you could start it.  It had a rip cord start with a 2-cylinder petrol engine as the starter motor, if I recall a fellow started the D2 in around 4 seconds!”\n\n The D2 stood at the front of Hastings Deering Townsville for many years, with a plaque acknowledging Davco’s donation. But over time the D2 deteriorated and was eventually moved into storage.\n\nHastings Deering restore a vintage D2\n\n\nUntil Mark Scott and Daniel Viero visited Townsville and operations manager, Andrew Revell, took them to see Jeff Doyle at Mendi Group. \n\nJeff has an immaculately restored D2 as the center piece of his administration area.\n\nAs Andrew remembers it “we were admiring it together, and then I told them we actually had one in our warehouse”.\n\n“They asked why it was in storage and I told them we just didn’t have the money to fix it up again. That’s when Daniel said we had to get it out of the warehouse, restore it and put it back on display and, to make it happen, he would help.”\n\nSo, 20 years after first working on it, Peter Hinrichsen, was a part of the restoration team for a second time\n\nToday it has a new life, proudly on display for Townsville’s Hastings Deering staff, this time under cover and well protected from the elements. \n\n\nIndustry News\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.768323540687561}
{"content": "Primer to the Immune Response\n\nWritten in the same engaging conversational style as the acclaimed first edition, Primer to The Immune Response, 2nd Edition is a fully updated and invaluable resource for college and university students in life sciences, medicine and other health professions who need a concise but comprehensive introduction to immunology. The authors bring clarity and... Více", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999937415122986}
{"content": "1000-PIECE PUZZLE featuring Sherlock Holmes’s London in glorious detail.  Spot famous characters, crime-solving clues, and historical figures as you build the puzzle. Hunt for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s most memorable characters, from the hound at Baskerville Hall to Moriarty, Dr. Watson, Mycroft and more, as well as real historical figures from the era.\n\n\nIncludes a fold-out posters featuring fun Sherlock facts.\n\n\n\nThe World of Sherlock Holmes", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000094175338745}
{"content": "2 Wk\nSEP 8 2018\n\n\n\nThe visual potential of appearance is exploited to convey what the churches look like in real life and give the viewer a glimpse of the pilgrims' life. An authentic feel of the churches and its environment is shown by using photographs such as one of the Lalibela churches in the top-right header shown below and the local man reading the bible in conjunction with graphic images such as the church in the body and more.\n\n\nQuantitative data is used to convey the size of St.George and how many visitors all Lalibela churches attract annually. It represents information about the population of the town, the size of one of the churches (St.George), numbers of visitors using a bar chart and its revenue. It also shows how many people visit the churches during one of the famous Ethiopian holidays, Genna.\n\n\nThe visual potential of time is exploited to convey the construction years of all eleven churches during King Lalibela's reign. It’s visually representing the information about the construction period of the churches but also provides history on what came before and after Lalibela to help draw an imaginary timeline, which helps in understanding the context.\n\n\nMaps and icons are used to illustrate the location of Lalibela churches in the world. It provides information about the continent, country, and town in which the churches are located.\n\n\nTo answer the question, to which group of Christianity do Lalibela churches belong to? It's visually creating the relationship between Lalibela churches and Christianity using a hierarchy tree to show the different groups of Christianity.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9687120914459229}
{"content": "27 diciembre 2011\n\nEl efecto del urbanismo en el medio\n\nUrban planning must account for its effects on ecosystem services\n\nTightly compacted cities can increase flooding risk for local residents, but sprawling, suburban development can lead to major losses in carbon stored by the land and agricultural production. These are the conclusions of a study which explored the effects of different urbanisation patterns on vital ecosystem services.\n\nShould towns and cities become denser to accommodate growing populations, or should they spread out into the surrounding countryside? This is a conundrum central to the sustainable management of urbanisation, a major cause of land use change in Europe. In turn, land use change is a major driver of changes in ecosystem services – benefits to society delivered by the natural world.\n\nThe study explored the potential impacts of changes in urban land cover on three ecosystem services: flood mitigation, carbon storage and agricultural production. These were investigated for the period 2006-2031 in Britain, which has a projected population increase of 16% by 2031. Britain was selected as a case study owing to large amounts of land use data available for the country, but the findings are globally relevant.\n\nTwo scenarios of land use were considered to reflect different responses to growing urban populations. The first considers a strategy that minimises sprawl by increasing the density of housing within existing urban boundaries, and which is estimated to convert 948km2 of land to new urbanisation overall for the 25-year period. The second uses a strategy that favours development in suburban areas, increasing the urban area and converting approximately 3302km2of land, over three times more than for the densification scenario. Ecosystem service provision under these two scenarios was mapped for the country, using data from previous studies.\n\nThe results suggest that densification will lead to a loss of flood mitigation ecosystem services, with an estimated 1.7 million people living within 1km of rivers that are likely to have higher peak flows by 2031. Natural land cover (soil and plants) provides a valuable ecosystem service by absorbing rainfall. However, this is lost with the construction of 'impervious surfaces', such as roads, pavements and buildings, that do not soak up water. Instead, water runs off these artificial surfaces and increases river flow. Additionally, more people will be affected by flooding through densification simply because populations are more concentrated.\n\nSuburban development tends to have more gardens and green areas with more dispersed populations, so loss of flood mitigation is not likely to be a significant issue for urban sprawl strategies. However, suburban development reduces land available for farming, which may increase the need to import more food from other countries. It also turns over more land, disturbing the soil and removing stored carbon. The study estimated that losses of stored carbon could be 3.5 times greater under the sprawl scenario than for the densification scenario, and over the 25 year time period, equate to 17% of total carbon emitted by Britain in 2008.\n\nThe researchers suggest that this study highlights opportunities for 'clever planning' to reduce risks and increase benefits of either planning strategy. For example, innovative drainage systems and green roofs could help reduce flood risk in dense cities.\nSource: Eigenbrod, V.F., Bell, A., Davies, H.N. et al. (2011). The impact of projected increases in urbanization on ecosystem services. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 278:3201-3208.\nContact: k.j.gaston@exeter.ac.uk\nTheme(s): Land use, Urban environments\n\nfuente: Science for Environment Policy\n\n0 comentarios realizados :", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9712255597114563}
{"content": "DateSerial - function of language VBScript\n\nReturns a date for a specified year, month, and day.\n\nIn the PROMOTIC system it is better to use the Pm.CreateDate method.\n\nDate DateSerial(Integer year, Long month, Long day)\nyear(Integer) year. Number between 100-9999.\nmonth(Long) month. Number between 1-12.\nday(Long) day. Number between 1-31.\nFor the year argument, values in the range 0-99, inclusive, are interpreted as the years 1930–2029. For all other year arguments, use a complete 4-digit year (e.g. 1800).\nIf any argument exceeds the accepted range for that argument, then it increments to the next larger unit as appropriate. For example, if you specify 35 days, it is evaluated as one month and some number of days, depending on where in the year it is applied. However, if any single argument is outside the range -32,768 to +32,767, or if the date specified by the three arguments, either directly or by expression, falls outside the acceptable range of dates, then an error occurs.\nThe example uses numeric expressions instead of absolute date numbers. The function returns a date that is the day before the first day (1–1) of two months before August (8–2) of 10 years before 2025 (2025–10); in other words, May 31, 2015.\nVBScriptSelect and copy to clipboard\n\nDim d\nd = DateSerial(2025-10, 8-2, 1-1)\n\nSend page remarkContact responsible person", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8222801089286804}
{"content": "Roller Skating Association International\n\nASCAP Music Licensing Discounts\n\nAs a member of the RSA, you are entitled to music licensing discounts. As you know, being a roller skating center requires you to pay for music licensing from the three major music licensing firms: BMI, SESAC and ASCAP. The RSA has worked out agreements with ASCAP. The RSA accepts payments on behalf of ASCAP with your membership renewal. Please note that all roller skating centers utilizing music must register with these three licensing agencies and must pay their ASCAP dues to the RSA no later that the deadline given on the form. This is a hard deadline and there are no exceptions. If you submit your payment after this due date it must be for the full retail value listed and submitted directly to ASCAP. \n\nIMPORTANT NOTE: Download this form and save to your computer, but DO NOT open it in your internet browser (Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Edge) to complete it. You MUST open it in Adobe Reader for the submit form button to work. \n\nDownload ASCAP licensing application and fee chart\nTo determine your 2021 ASCAP credit, we will need you to complete the following survey with your information and re-opening date.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.918327271938324}
{"content": "The use of communicative approaches in teaching English in elementary school\n\nlanguage activities stir a class. In a positive sense stir means that activities wake them up, stimulate them. In a\n\nThe use of communicative approaches in teaching English in elementary school\n\nДипломная работа\n\nИностранные языки\n\nДругие дипломы по предмету\n\nИностранные языки\n\nСдать работу со 100% гаранией\n\nМіністерство освіти і науки України\n\nЛьвівський національний університет ім. І.Франка\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nна тему:\n\nЗастосування комунікативних підходів у навчанні англійської мови у початковій школі\n\nTell me and I forget, show me andremember, involve me and Ill learn.\n\nmain purpose of learning a foreign language is to enable our students to communicate in it. This is the process of arriving at the point of understanding a language, and this is where the communicative approach to language teaching and learning comes to the forefront. In recent years the communicative approach has become ever more popular and overall effective ways to facilitate second language learning.\n\nCommunicative Approach\n\norigins of Communicative Language Teaching are to be found in the changes in the British language teaching tradition dating from the late 1960s. The writings of D. Wilkins, H. Widdowson, C. Candlin, C. Brumfit, K. Johnson and other British applied linguists on the theoretical basics for a communicative or functional approach to language teaching; the rapid application of these ideas by textbook writers; the equally rapid acceptance of these new principles by British Language teaching specialists, curriculum development centers, and even governments gave prominence nationally and internationally to what came to be referred to as the Communicative Approach.essential characteristics of the approach are:\n\n1.Most of the class time is pent on speaking activities. If the teacher presents a text orally or tells his learners to read it, this receptive task is usually used only as a preparation for immediately introducing a speaking activity related to the text.\n\n2.Only the target language is used in class.\n\n.Most of the speaking activities practiced in class involve spontaneous exchange in unplanned discourse.\n\n.The focus of all classroom is on exchange of information and not on the language and its forms. Learners incorrect utterances are also accepted by the teacher as long as it is relatively clear what they mean.\n\n.There are no grammar explanations and exercises, no drills of any kind, no grammar tests. Grammar is supposed to be acquired in a non-deliberative way, as a by-product of participation in various communicative activities in class. Only when there is a complete block of communication caused by the wrong use of a language form, can the form itself become an object of the learners conscious attention and the teacher may try to explain in some way the meaning of this form.\n\n.Learners errors, particularly grammatical ones, are not corrected by the teacher in any direct way. They are either completely ignored or corrected in an oblique manner.\n\n.The teacher is not the central figure in he classroom and the only provider of feedback. Classroom activities are often carried in small groups or pair, with the teacher walking around, listening in and providing help when the New Conception of Education the main aim of teaching foreign language is forming in learners communicative competence, which means mastering language as intercultural communicative means, developing skills of using foreign language as a tool in cooperation of cultures of modern world. with young language learners in the primary classroom can be both a rewarding and a demanding experience. To make the most of that experience for both learners and teachers we need to be very clear what is we are trying to do. We must try to identify what learning language in school demands from young children and what it can offer them. We should also acknowledge what the implications of those demands and needs are for the teachers.children do not come to the language classroom empty-handed. They bring with them an already well-established set of instincts, skills and characteristics which will help them to learn another language. We need to identify those and make the most of them. For example, children:\n\n-are already very good at interpreting meaning without necessarily understanding the individual words;\n\n-already have great skill in using limited language creatively;\n\nfrequently learn indirectly rather than directly;\n\ntake great pleasure in finding and creating fun in what they do;\n\nhave a ready imagination;\n\nabove all take great delight in talking!\n\ns ability to grasp meaning\n\nyoung children are able to understand what is being said to them even before they understand the individual words. Intonation, gesture, facial expressions, actions and circumstances all help to tell them the unknown words and phrases probably mean. By understanding the message in this way they start to understand the language. In later life we all maintain this first source of understanding alongside our knowledge of the language itself. It remains a fundamental part of human communication.come to primary school with this ability already highly developed. They continue to use it in all their schoolwork. For example, even thought their mother tongue skills are already well established, they may well find it difficult to follow purely verbal instructions and information. When this happens, or sometimes simply out of laziness or inattention, children will tend to rely on their ability to read the general message. We can see this happening most clearly when they get it wrong. More importantly, particularly in terms of language development, their message-interpreting skill is part of the way they learn new words, concepts and expressions in their mother tongue as their language expands to meet the new challenges of school.when children encounter a new language at school, they can on the same skill to help them interpret the new sounds, new words and new structures. We want to support and develop these skills. We can do this by making sure we make full use of gesture, intonation, demonstration, actions and facial expressions to convey meaning parallel to what we are saying. We must also try not to undermine the childrens willingness to use the skill.\n\ns creative use of limited language resources\n\nthe early stages of their mother tongue development children excel at making a little language go a long way. They are creative with grammatical forms. They are also creative with concepts. Children also create words by analogy, or they even invent completely new words which then come into the family vocabulary. This phenomenon is fundamental language development. In order to make the most of the creative language skill the children bring with them, we therefore have to provide them occasions when:\n\n-the urge to communicate makes them find some way of expressing themselves;\n\n-the language demanded by the activity is unpredictable and isnt just asking the children to repeat set phrases, but it encouraging them to construct language actively for why games are so useful and so important. It is not just because they are fun. It is partly because the fun element creates a desire to communicate and partly because games can create unpredictability.we acknowledge the need for unpredictability, it follows that in addition to occasions when the children practice learnt dialogue or other specific language items under close teacher guidance, there will also need to be occasions when we set up an activity and then leave the children to get on with it.\n\ns capacity for indirect learning\n\nwhen teachers are controlling an activity fairly closely, children sometimes seem to notice something out of the corner of their eye and to remember it better than they were actually supposed to be learning. At times this can be a frustrating experience for the teacher but this capacity too can be turned to our advantage in the language classroom. It is part of the rather complex phenomenon of indirect learning.activities which involve children in guessing what phrase or word someone has thought of are very good examples of this phenomenon in action. As far as the children are concerned, they are not trying to learn phrases: they are concentrating on trying to guess right. However, by the time they have finished the repeated guessing, they will have confirmed words and structures they only half knew at the beginning. They will have got the phrases firmly into their minds. They will probably even have adjusted their pronunciation. Guessing is actually a very powerful way of learning phrases and structures, but it is indirect because the mind is engaged with the task and is not focusing on the language.primary school level the children capacity for conscious leaning of forms and grammatical patterns is still relatively undeveloped. In contrast, all children, whether they prefer to sort things out or muddle through, bring with them an enormous instinct for indirect learning. If we are to make the most of that asset we need to build on it quite deliberately and very fully.\n\ns instinct for play and fun\n\nhave an enormous capacity for finding and making fun. Sometimes, it has to be said, they choose the most inconvenient moments to indulge it! They bring a spark of individuality and of drama to much that they do. When engaged in guessing activities children nearly always inject their own element of drama into their hiding of the prompt-cards and their reactions to the guesses of their classmates. They shuffle their cards ostentatiously under the table so that the others cant see. They may utter an increasingly triumphant or smug No! as the others fail to guess. They stare hard at the rest of the class, they frown or they glower. Here their personalities emerge, woven into the language use. In this way, they make the language their own. That\n\nПохожие работы\n\n1 2 3 > >>", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7960532903671265}
{"content": "1) Payment Method\nPayments can be made by the user using one of the credit card or Paypal methods. The service fee is charged annually.\n2) Validity Period\nThe prices listed on and announced on the site are the sales prices. The announced prices and promises are valid until they are updated and changed. The prices announced on a regular basis are valid until the end of the specified period. However, the current price that Unicdo will notify the customer will be deemed valid for price differences that are incorrectly written or not updated. In case of error, if more withdrawals are made than the cost of goods / services, the difference is refunded. If the actual price of the service is different from the advertised price, the Buyer will be notified of the actual price. In line with the customer's request, the sale is made at the real price or the sale is canceled.\nUnicdo online platform service is available to users after obtaining bank approval. In case of a mishap caused by us, you will be notified based on your membership information. Therefore, it is important to enter your membership information completely and correctly. You will be notified by a confirmation e-mail that our service is available.\nPayments will be made annually according to the user's preference. In cancellations of annual memberships, usage is calculated according to months, the payment for the current month is not refunded. Unicdo determines the cost of unused months of the year and extra services and is returned to the user.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9880411028862}
{"content": "Fluoride Action Network\n\n\nExcessive fluoride mainly causes skeletal lesions. Recently, it has been reported that an appropriate level of calcium can alleviate fluorosis. However, the appropriate concentration and mechanism of calcium addition is unclear. Hence, we evaluated the histopathology and ultrastructure, DNA fragmentation, hormonal imbalances, biomechanical levels and the expression of apoptosis-related genes, after treating the rats with 150 mg/L NaF and different concentrations of CaCO3. Our results suggested that NaF induced the histopathological and ultrastructural injury, with a concomitant increase in the DNA fragmentation (P<0.05), and serum OC (17.4899±0.8907 pmoL/L) at 120 d. In addition, the qRT-PCR and western blotting results indicated that NaF exposure up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of Bax, Calpain, Caspase 12, Caspase 9, Caspase 7, Caspase 3, CAD, PARP and AIF while down-regulated the Bcl-2 (P<0.01), decreased the bone ultimate load by 27.15 %, the ultimate stress by 10.07 %, and the ultimate deformity by 23.27 % at 120 d. However, 1 % CaCO3 supplementation decreased the serum OC (14.6559±0.6478 pmoL/L), bone F content (P<0.01), fracture and breakage of collagen fibers, and changed the expression of endoplasmic reticulum pathway related genes and proteins at 120 d. Further 1 % CaCO3 supplementation increased the bone ultimate load by 20.86 %, the ultimate stress by 4.89 %, and the ultimate deformity by 21.57 %. In summary, we conclude that 1 % CaCO3 supplementation alleviated fluoride-induced bone damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6628342866897583}
{"content": "The Foreign Minister Meets Qatari Deputy Prime and Foreign Minister\n\n   Foreign Minister Mr. Mohammad A. Alhakim met with the Qatari Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdul Rahman Al-Thani, the two sides stressed the need to strengthen bilateral relations and advance them to serve the interests of the peoples of the two brotherly countries. They also discussed the most important regional and international issues of common concern.\n\nThe two Ministers stressed the importance of respecting the sovereignty of Iraq, and the absolute refusal to turn it into an arena for conflict, and the need to keep it away from regional conflicts and bias policy, stressing the need to rebuild liberated areas in order to complete the victory against terrorism.\n\nMinister Alhakim expressed his rejection and condemnation of the attacks that targeted the Iraqi territories because of their blatant violation of sovereignty, threat to the safety of citizens, and a violation of the provisions of international law.\n\nThe two Ministers agreed to work to reduce tension in the region between Tehran and Washington, and to spare the region the threat of wars,  warning that any escalation in the region would enhance the ability of terrorists to reorganize their remnants, undermine the efforts of the international community in combating Da’esh terrorist organization, threaten to fuel further conflicts in the region, and worsen humanitarian crises.\n\nThe meeting included discussing the situation in Syria, Libya and Yemen. Minister Alhakim clarified the official position of Iraq based on respecting the sovereignty of states, non-interference in internal affairs, support initiatives that lead to peaceful solutions to regional issues, and spare the peoples risks and disasters of military solutions.\n\nThe two sides also touched on the security of navigation and securing energy supplies in the Gulf region, and in this context the minister assured that Iraq does not support projects and initiatives that lead to an increase in tension in the region, and that the countries bordering the Gulf are able to protect the security of navigation and secure the flow of energy supplies.\n\nOn the Iraqi position on the crisis between Qatar and some Gulf countries, Minister Alhakim called on the concerned countries to solve the problems through diplomatic means, calmness and to give priority to dialogue away from escalation, and support the Kuwaiti initiative.\n\nYou may also like...", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9983772039413452}
{"content": "Maura Marksteiner\n\nEssential Oil Educator\n\nMaura Marksteiner\n\nI have been helping people all my life…\n\n…many of them couldn’t communicate through speech. Since I was a curious person, I learned to listen in new ways. Over the years, the new ways of listening deepened my intuition and my compassion. I could see and understand things that others couldn’t.\n\nThen my health started needing more consideration.\n\nThe things I had been doing in the past weren’t working. Conventional methods did not have answers, diagnosis, or effective advice for me. I started searching outside the box. I unearthed many, many strategies-some that worked for me and some that didn’t. By the time I found essential oils I knew there were many others searching just like me.\n\nI began sharing my experiences with others.\n\nMy gifts of listening and genuine interest in people helped me develop into an engaged and caring mentor. When I work with someone learning to use or share oils, I get to share my power and boldness and encourage them to embrace their own strengths while developing new ones.\n\nI’m so excited to share with and encourage you as well.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9979839324951172}
{"content": "Question: What Is Underweight For A 7 Year Old?\n\nWhat time should a 7 year old go to bed?\n\nThis means that a seven year old, who wakes at 7am, should ideally be in bed between 7pm and 9pm..\n\nHow much food should a 7 year old eat?\n\n\nWhat causes a child not to gain weight?\n\n\nShould 7 year olds take naps?\n\nNearly all children stop napping by seven years of age. If your child is still napping regularly at age seven, consult your pediatrician to confirm there are no underlying sleep health concerns.\n\nAt what age should a child fall asleep on their own?\n\n\nWhy is my 7 year old not gaining weight?\n\nYour child may not be gaining enough weight because: They are not eating enough. Their eating and coordination skills are lacking or there are feeding issues. They have increased energy requirements.\n\nWhen should I worry about my child being underweight?\n\nChildren aged 6 to 12 are still growing, which means they need the energy (calories) and nutrients that come from a varied and balanced diet. If your child is underweight, they may not be getting enough calories. If you’re concerned that your child is underweight or not growing normally, see a GP.\n\nWhat is underweight in a child?\n\n\nHow can I help my 7 year old son gain weight?\n\nHow to help your child gain weightTry eating 6 to 8 smaller meals or snacks per day.If you can only eat a few bites, eat more often, every half hour if needed.Avoid favorite foods when you feel nauseated, or sick to your stomach. … Save favorite foods for when you feel good!Eat when you feel hungry. … Don’t fill up on liquids at meals.More items…\n\nHow can I get my 7 year old to sleep?\n\n7 Tips and Tricks for Getting Kids to Sleep at NightKnow how much sleep your child should be getting. … Make bedtime a routine. … Create an ideal sleeping environment. … Turn off electronics. … Make sure they get regular exercise. … Avoid meals and caffeine before bedtime. … Be on the lookout for signs of sleep disorders.Jan 24, 2019\n\nWhat can I do if my child is underweight?\n\nThere are a few steps you can take to increase your child’s calorie intake until they reach a healthy weight, while still providing a healthy diet.bulk up mashed potato by putting milk or cheese in it.put grated cheese on beans on toast.make milk puddings.make soups with milk instead of water.\n\nWhy is my 7 year old gaining weight?\n\n\nWhy is my child so skinny?\n\n\nWhy is my child skinny?\n\n\nHow much should my 7 year old weigh?\n\nBig Kid weight and height averagesAgeSizeGirlsHeight3 ft 7 in (108 cm)6 yearsWeight44 lb 12 oz (20.3 kg)Height3 ft 9 in (115 cm)7 yearsWeight50 lb 8 oz (22.9 kg)8 more rows•Apr 8, 2020", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9950810670852661}
{"content": "10 Fallacies In Business You Need To Know\n\nThe straw man fallacy describes an argument that misrepresents an opponent’s stance to make rebuttal more convenient. The straw man fallacy is a type of informal logical fallacy, defined as a flaw in the structure of an argument that renders it invalid.\nGambler’s fallacy is a mistaken belief that past events influence future events. This fallacy can manifest in several ways. One example, if how individuals mistakenly conclude past events. Instead, to prevent the gambler’s fallacy, business people need to know that the real world is more complex and subtle than a game, and rather than relying on complex models, they can rely on solid time-proved heuristics.\nThe base rate fallacy occurs when an individual inaccurately judges the likelihood of a situation occurring by not considering all relevant data.\nThe Pygmalion effect is a psychological phenomenon where higher expectations lead to an increase in performance. The Pygmalion effect was defined by psychologist Robert Rosenthal, who described it as “the phenomenon whereby one person’s expectation for another person’s behavior comes to serve as a self-fulfilling prophecy.”\nThe bottom-dollar effect describes a tendency among consumers to dislike purchases that exhaust their remaining budget. If a consumer spends the last $50 in their bank account on dinner at a restaurant with friends, they may enjoy good food and good company. But after the meal, they feel dissatisfied because the meal has exhausted the last of their funds. Here, the negative emotions associated with running out of money have been applied to the meal itself. This is known as the bottom-dollar effect.\nIn business, the butterfly effect describes the phenomenon where the simplest actions yield the largest rewards. The butterfly effect was coined by meteorologist Edward Lorenz in 1960 and as a result, it is most often associated with weather in pop culture. Lorenz noted that the small action of a butterfly fluttering its wings had the potential to cause progressively larger actions resulting in a typhoon.\n\nMain Guides:\n\nMain Case Studies:\n\nPublished by\n\nGennaro Cuofano\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998329281806946}
{"content": "\n\n\nRare Disease Film Festival 2020\n\nWhat it is like to live with a rare disease? 99% of genetic conditions are classed as rare, meaning they affect fewer than 1 in 2,000 people. Currently, there are over 6,000 known rare diseases, and thanks to advances in genome sequencing new ones are being identified and described on a regular basis.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9942317008972168}
{"content": "The Meaning of Ear Ringing\n\nThe Meaning of Ear Ringing\n\nYou might notice that ear ringing happens at various times in your day. What the heck does this mean, you ask. Well, let’s explore this!\n\nThe first order of business is to address this important bit of information: Ear ringing can be related to a medical condition called, Tinnitus, which occurs on the heels of hearing very loud sound. This might be experienced having just heard especially loud music or having been near or around equipment or machinery where there is excessive piercing noise. Be sure to visit with a doctor to rule this condition out.\n\nThe Big Picture & Ringing Ears\n\nAs you begin to experience ear ringing, you’ll notice there is a powerful energy essence when it happens. It’s mysteriously soothing, and you might feel a warm whooshing sensation throughout your head. Accompanying this, there may be a sense of knowing that you are receiving a higher-level message. You want to be sure to tune into this. This is your soul speaking to you. In other words, your subconscious is trying to get your attention. Be especially aware of moments of synchronicity or where you find yourself saying “What a coincidence!” Anything unusual or out of the norm would also stand out to you. Let’s take a look now at why, exactly, this ear ringing happens.\n\nTransformation, Raising Your Vibration & Connecting with Universal Forces\n\nYes, that’s right, you are smack dab amid a spiritual transformation!\n\nEar ringing during spiritual milestones like this is a clear sign you are awakening, and spiritual ascension is happening.\n\nThere is a lot going on with our planet today socially, politically, environmentally, and so much more. All these global matters hold energy. Think of it like ever changing energy frequencies which are fast-tracking energies on earth. This ripples into our own energy fields much like a wave. Sometimes they come in more frequently like in clusters, but they can be quite random and catch you by surprise. It turns out that our energy bodies are affected by greater energy changes that we are all experiencing.\n\nMany of us are also way more energetically sensitive and aware and can pick up on subtle energy shifts. This awareness brings a greater connection with the Divine and outer cosmos and we are better able to sense other dimensions and any communication within.\n\n​Ringing in the ears, like seeing repeating numbers (444, 111, 888) repeated waking up at exact times (2 am, 1:11, 5:75) and other ascension signs is a loud and clear signal to your higher consciousness that an awakening is happening.\n\nEpiphany-like Downloads \n\nEar ringing will either come in right before or after a spiritual download. What is a spiritual down? Essentially, it is when you receive a flood of higher-level information at one time. A musician or singer could receive the lyrics to a new song. Downloads may be conceptual in nature as well. For example, you have a work project or even a family matter that is lingering and unresolved. You experience the ear ringing and later the right plan or perfect few words to resolve the situation just drops right in out of seeming nowhere. These downloads can come in intuitively, during meditation, a dream, vision, or randomly while you’re fully awake.\n\nGreat! And how, exactly, do I know I’m having a download?\n\nPay close attention to your body. You know your own body better than anyone! Take heed and notice if you’re having unusual sensations in your body. You might even notice repeated sensations, exhibiting in a pattern-like fashion. The more clarity you have with your body the more you will recognize and then receive higher messages to guide you in life. When I’m receiving a download, I often experience tingling in my hands. Pay attention to similar body sensation that may come to you. It could be chills, increased heat, or vibration in an area of your body, a tingling or even a touch sensation.\n\nWhat are you feeling emotionally? Do you feel moment of bliss, joy, gratitude or even euphoria out of the blue? Spiritual downloads will bring an intense flood of these kinds of emotions. You could even receive a deep sense of calm or peace.\n\nWhat thoughts are you thinking? Often what we think are thoughts are high vibration pockets of download. So be mindful of what you were thinking in the several moments prior.\n\nEnergy Upgrades \n\nOur energy bodies change and grow just like our physical bodies. We can start to perceive higher frequencies when our energy body, chakra system or aura experiences a level up. Each chakra and each aura layer are a unique color, but each also carries a specific energy frequency. This is precisely why healings, meditation and continued energy work is so important! We want to be sure to create harmony within our chakras and aura as they get bogged down and then physical symptoms and ailments begin to occur.\n\nPhysical ailments are a result of stuck energy. Spiritual tools like Ground, Running Energy and Neutrality can help you balance energies and alleviate these physical symptoms so that they no longer disrupt your day.\n\nRemember that in the same way that our physical bodies might experience a dietary or nutritional detoxification process we might choose to engage in, our energetic bodies do the very same kind of clean out process.\n\nYour Clairaudience Ability Is Expanding \n\nClairaudience is a German word and means clear hearing. Your clairaudience ability is rooted in your fifth chakra. This chakra is known to be a blue color and spins like a disc. Your simple attention to this space allows the gift to begin to open. Those with this ability can hear beyond normal day to day sounds and can tune into high pitched frequencies. Clairaudient messages can also present as a buzzing, hearing your name being called, single words command like ‘yes’ or ‘no’ at times of necessity or urgency.\n\n\n\nRinging in the ears is a classic sign that your clairaudience gift is opening, experiencing a recalibration or upgrade. Our psychic gifts are constantly growing and fine-tuning. So welcome in the ear ringing as it could be connected to awakening of your intuition through your ear chakras.\n\n\nA Good Result is Coming Your Way!\n\nYes, that’s right, some good news is on the horizon!\n\nHoping to hear about that financial windfall, job offer, home purchase or good health news? Struggling with a major life decision? A move or career change perhaps? Feeling stressed or lost about a relationship and next steps to navigate that? Whatever the case may be, ringing in the right ear is an indication positive resolve is ahead!\n\nSomeone Is in Thought of You\n\nSomeone is literally, in this moment of ear ringing, speaking of you.\n\nThink of this in the highest of vibration and realize that this mention of you can come in different ways:\n\n  1. Someone you know holds you in high regard and is speaking fondly of you, offering great praise.\n  2. A person in your life holds envy, is prone to gossip or speaking unkind words.\n  3. Your Spirit Guides are present letting you know that you’re the topic of someone else’s conversations. Spirit Guides will do this from time to time so that you are mindful to connect with those who are the best match to you.\n\nThis kind of ear ringing happens shortly before or after you’ve made a new friendship or began a new relationship with someone you feel a deep connection with entrusted or shared meaningful conversation or information with.\n\nIt’s a Warning and Oh Thank Goodness!\n\nThis warning is a particularly good thing! Here’s why: let’s say you just put in an offer on your dream home. Within minutes, you hear a ringing in your ear. This could be a warning for you to reconsider that offer or take a deeper look at the structure of the home for hidden issues. So, you see ear ringing is a gift in that it alerts you something is amiss even though you can’t see it in this very moment. Your Spirit Guides may also be guiding you to hold out for something better as another even better opportunity may be ahead.\n\nA Situation May Not Go Your Way\n\nSometimes, ear ringing is bittersweet. Simply put, it means something may not go as planned. So, give some reflection time to the bigger issues in life that you’re facing and that feel like they’re holding you back. Deep down we know when something isn’t meant for us or isn’t likely to work out in our favor. Tune into that knowing. If you find yourself forcing or pushing too hard to make something happen, it likely isn’t meant to be. Say hello to the truth, embrace it and heed this ear ringing message to let go and move on.\n\nTake a Deeper Look at Your Life\n\nOur Spirit Guides and our Higher Self keeps us on track. An ear ringing, particularly during meditation or at the wee hours of the night is an invitation to go within and ask yourself, “Am I living the life that is honoring my soul?”\n\nThis kind of earing ringing happens at transition times in life. Perhaps you feel bored, like you’re spinning your wheels or wanting more for yourself. This can also be triggered by receiving unfortunate news. Regardless the case, ear ringing at these times is a strong message to re-examine and plan anew your life course.\n\nConnecting with Spirit Guides, Angels & Higher Forces \n\nAs you fall in and out of sleep or in mediation especially you may experience ear ringing. This may be your spiritual team coming through.\n\n\n\nIf your intuition is guiding you that this may be a guide or angel getting in touch, hold a relaxed state and tune in. You can call your guides to you now and see if they have a message for you.\n\n\nElectronic Effect and Interference \n\nLiving in the world we do; electronic interference is just simply unavoidable. Mobile phones, televisions, WiFi, power supplies, transformers and so on are here to stay. The good news is, we can co-exist in harmony!\n\nRinging in the ears can occur when there is an overload of electronic interference which we tune into with our more subtle intuitive senses. If you’ve been on this kind of overload, then this may be the culprit of the ear ringing.\n\nSteps to avoid ear ringing in these conditions:\n\n  1. Limit the time you spend on digital devices and computers.\n  2. Take breaks every hour from digital devices, even for just 2 minutes.\n  3. Create quiet time each day where there are no distractions.\n  4. Turn your computer and cell phone completely off at night.\n  5. Ground yourself daily by getting your bare feet on the earth.\n\nThe key to figuring out how to navigate this phenomenon is to tune into your intuition. Remember to ask your Spirit Guidance for clarity and support.\n\nTurn It Down, Please!\n\nI get it! Sometimes the ear ringing is just too much. So, here are two techniques to help you get a handle on the ear ringing and turn it down a notch.\n\nTechnique 1\n\nIs the ear ringing keeping you awake? It should not be. You are in charge and you can control it, lower it, or even remove it if you desire to.\n\nFirst, set an intention to quiet the ear ringing.\n\nNext, in a seated position, with your bare feet on the ground, breathe in and breathe out several times. Next, say out loud, “The ear ringing is too loud. It is now lowering or alter to a sound that is tolerable and right for me.” You might also ask to turn off the ear ringing entirely. Now, just let some time pass.\n\nFor some bonus exploration, try raising the sound and then lowering it, at your own will and directive. Some of you may feel connected enough to do this.\n\nTechnique 2\n\nImagine a gauge out in front of you. The gauge is numbered 1 to 10 and represents the volume of your ear ringing, 10 being the highest volume. When the ear ringing happens the next time, and feels too loud to the following:\n\nFirst, take a moment to pause and breathe. Then set the intention to simply turn it down.\n\nNext, watch as the gauge as it gradually yet firmly moves down from 10, to 9, to 8 then 7 and so on until it reaches a noise level you are comfortable with. Simultaneously, say out loud “The ear ringing volume and pitch I hear is lowing now.”\n\nAs you visualize this and state this out loud your subconscious is hearing you and must listen – no exceptions.\n\nPSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT MUST-HAVES: Psychic Development: The Necessity of Psychic Protection and How to Create a Protection Rose\n\nI Understand the Meaning of Ear Ringing. Now What?\n\nEar ringing is a wonderful way to receive messages of higher insight and knowing!\n\nIn time, as your psychic ability grows, you will get better and better at discerning what ear ringing means. As this happens, you’ll notice a few things. This will be your confirmation you’re on track!\n\n  • You find your tribe. Like-minded souls are abounding. You no longer feel alone or misunderstood.\n  • Certainty in decisions. You are in a high vibration state as your norm. Doubt is released. You know the right thing to do and when. Right action is present. You’ll notice you are creating and expressing from a higher place.\n  • Immediate access to intuitive insight and information. There is no longer a delay in receiving of psychic and intuitive insight. It is accessible at any time you choose.\n  • High vibration communication. This means you’re opening a direct line to Source. You may notice channeling abilities. Right words come at the right time.\n  • Enhanced creativity. Writing, music, art, dance, and all things creative begin to find a way into your life. You begin creating healing remedies or offer healing services to others.\n  • Increase in psychic functioning and healing abilities. You receive and understand psychic information with clarity and ease and your healing abilities increase.\n\nUse this invaluable gift you have been bestowed! It is here to work for you and with you.\n\nAre you desiring to learn more about your psychic abilities? Check out Michelle’s award-winning book, Take the Leap: What It Really Means to Be Psychic!\n\nPhoto credit: Canva\n\nThe Power of Distant Healings: How to Heal Yourself and Others\n\nWhat is Distant Healing?\n\nDistance healing is an alternative form of healing in which the practitioner sends healing energy to the recipient. The practitioner and recipient don’t have to be in the same place for the healing to be effective. A healer may send positive energy across the universe or even during a phone session.\n\nAlthough both people aren’t in the same place, this type of therapy is accessible through the recipient’s energy body, which doesn’t involve a physical presence. A practitioner may work with mental, emotional, and physical aspects through the energy body.\n\nThe Truth About Distant Healings\n\nThere are many misconceptions about how distance healing works. Distance or remote healing utilizes positive energy in the healing process, just like Reiki healing. Energy can be transmitted in three ways:\n\n  • Emotion\n  • Intention\n  • Thought\n\nThe perception that everything, including space and time, is fixed and only moves forward keeps many people stuck in their physical world and unable to manifest positive changes. When people are grounded in a limited physical existence, they go about their lives without making any significant changes. Shamans believe that all time is an illusion. If that’s the case, the concept that people always have to be “stuck” in circumstances they feel they can’t change is also an illusion.\n\nMatter is made up of energy and atoms. Harnessing energy is vital in distance healing. When a person has an energy or psychic block, all of the body’s energy centers aren’t aligned. This misalignment can cause energy blockages. The practitioner focuses their intentions on the remote subject intending a specific effect. The receptive subject then receives those intentions.\n\n\nWhat is the Distant Healer Doing? Is it Effective?\n\nUsually, a healer will take the person’s medical history, including anything unusual they may be experiencing. The energy recipient will be asked to relax in a quiet place where they won’t be disturbed. The healer sends positive energy to the recipient, either by phone or telepathically. During the session, the healer may “pick up” on any issues that the recipient may not be aware of.\n\nIn one case, a healer sensed that a healing session recipient was experiencing bleeding from the bladder. The problem hadn’t been diagnosed by a doctor. Shortly after, the person was diagnosed with a bladder tumor. The growth was successfully removed, and no further problems occurred.\n\nRELATED: Heal the body with this cellular rejuvenating guided meditation\n\nSteps to Offer a Distant Healing\n\nRemember that healing others can be done on someone in person or from a distance and it is equally effective. From a distance, you will do this with your mind’s eye in deep meditation visualizing the healing. Since you are at a distance you may also choose to use a doll on a chair to represent the person afar.\n\n  1. State your Prayer of Protection and set up a Protection Rose to allow for healthy space boundaries and protection for both of you\n  2. Ground yourself and the healee\n  3. Run Earth and Cosmic Energy for 20 minutes\n  4. Call in your Healing Guides or Spirit Guides\n  5. Ask healee, “Would you like a healing?” and receive an affirmative response\n  6. Remind participant to put their feet flat on the ground, sit upright and keep their eyes open for the healing\n  7. Tune into the space slightly above seventh chakra and “match energy” of healee’s chakra to yours and blend with the energy of their space\n  8. Bring their aura close around their body as if to snuggle them using your hands to guide this\n  9. Comb the aura. This is soothing technique and is akin to a brushing of the energy to support it back into alignment and flow. Use your hands and fingers in a combing-like fashion brushing the aura and area around their entire body\n  10. As you comb the aura check for tears or blockages. You’ll have a sense of this, intuitively. If there are any, hold that space and with the help of your Guides send healing energy to these areas\n  11. Check their Grounding Cord for healthy flow and/or make a Grounding Cord for them if this is not in place. This will release low energy or energy no longer serving them\n  12. Clean out two tiny feet chakras in the arch of their feet of any low or lethargic energy. Then bring in healing gold energy to these areas\n  13. Bring up Earth Energy through the feet chakras, into the legs to the first chakra then back down the legs and out the Grounding Cord\n  14. Bring down Cosmic Energy from above, making sure it goes into the seventh chakra then down the four energy channels of their back and down the Grounding Cord\n  15. Check chakras, one by one, starting at the first and working with the backside and frontside of each chakra. Release what is no longer serving them and call in healing gold energy. Chakras should be in a balanced spin: Clockwise on the front side and counterclockwise on the backside.\n  16. Create a Gold Sun or bubble above the healee’s head, state the current date and approximate time. Ask that the highest vibration energy necessary for this healee flow into the Gold Sun as you begin to close the healing. You may ask for things like: joy,  love, good vibration, simple life, freedom from worry, health, happiness, abundance, bliss, or whatever it is you sense or know the healee wants and needs. Ask that they receive the healing energy of “staying on their path and creating their greatest potential in their life, whatever that may be for them.”\n  17. Now, let the Gold Sun release and envelope all parts of their body\n  18. Create a new Gold Sun energy of your own and allow it to flow into your body\n  19. Wash your hands with healing gold energy\n  20. Create and process through a Separation Rose for cleansing and releasing or residual energy\n\nYour Next Steps\n\nDistance healing is an effective method of removing negative thought patterns that can affect a person’s personality and behavior. A distance healing session can release the negative energy and replace it with positive thoughts to improve your life and so much more!\n\nTake your healing abilities to a new level and join Michelle in her online, one on one, Psychic Development Program!\n\n21 Signs You’re A Psychic Medium\n\nDo You Feel Different or Misunderstood?\n\n\n\n\n\nSigns You’re a Psychic Medium\n\n  17. You felt a very strong bond to a loved one after they passed away. I was very close with my grandmother. After she transitioned to the Other Side I felt her near me at all times. It was unmistakable to me and I just knew she was present helping us all with our healing. I received signs and symbols such as seeing her name and birthdate everywhere and constantly. I smelled her perfume in the air amidst a long bike ride 50 miles away from home – the most unlikely place! Do you have a unique and special bond with a loved one? Even long after they pass, they may still visit you often.\n  19. Are rules and regimen stifling to you? Is freedom essential? Does strict regime, procedure and guidelines make you feel uncomfortable or controlled? This is an indication of your psychic tendencies.\n\nRELATED: Psychic Children: Indigo Kids of the Paranormal\n\nWhat Being Psychic Does Not Mean\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTake Your Time & Do This Right\n\n\n\nMORE ON PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT: The Meaning of Repeating Numbers You’re Seeing\n\nEnjoy the Journey! It Should Be Fun!\n\n\n\nPsychic Development Tools – How to Be In the Center Of Your Head 💆‍♀️🙆‍♀️\n\nLearning to Be in the Center of Your Head (Neutrality)\n\nIt is natural to slip into the chaos of the people, places and/or events around us. This is especially true if you are an empath. More often than not, at these times, your attention is focused outside of you, and you are completely entrenched with whatever situation is pressing at the moment. When you learn the psychic tool of neutrality you find peace of mind, clarity and balance in your life. Click the video below to listen in now …\n\n\n#neutrality #centerofyourhead #michellebeltran\n\nDo you have a question on psychic development, remote viewing, mediumship you would like Michelle to answer for you? Michelle offers private sessions and development courses. Email Michelle here:\n\nI want to share more psychic development learning with you! It’s something so innate to us all and an ability we all do have – if we will listen.\n\nIt is quite possible for any individual to make the conscious decision to develop, rekindle, or magnify the powers of their intuitive voice—their psychic mind. Learn how here and get your 4 FREE chapters!\n\nClick the link and get my FREE ‘Develop Your Clairvoyance’ eBook! Discover Powerful Techniques to Expand Your Psychic Ability:\n\nThe Michelle Beltran Beginning Psychic Development Program is unique in that you learn at your own pace, yet you still get to work with Michelle one on one. In this course, you’ll tap into your deep inner soul self. This is where true change happens!\n\nMy book is available! Get 4 FREE chapters at… In my new book I’ll show you how to access your psychic abilities!\n\n\nWhat Is Running Energy For Psychic Development?\n\nWhat is Running Energy?\n\nWhat is Running Energy? When do I use this tool? How does Running Energy assist my psychic abilities?\nRunning Energy is a simple yet powerful technique you can use in your daily life to help you maintain more clarity, peace of mind and stay in tune to your Higher Self. As you Run Energy you are bringing in and mixing feminine earth energy and masculine cosmic energy in your root chakra, then dispersing it through your body and aura. Through this technique you will learn to become more aware of these subtle yet powerful earth and cosmic energies and how to use them as a balancing technique. This is an essential tool will also assist you as you become in tune with your psychic knowing through your Clair abilities and your Higher Self.\n\nHow to Run Energy\n\nExercise: Please take 15 to 30 minutes to complete this exercise. Running Energy may be done in a few minutes or during a longer meditation state. As you learn to Run Energy you may find the process does happen more quickly however and may take only a few minutes. You may feel a great sensation of energy or you may have no sensation at all. Both are fine.\n1. Sit in a comfortable chair with your feet flat on the floor.\n2. Ground yourself.\n3. Bring your aura in closely around you, about 12 inches around.\n4. Let your energy body travel to the depths of the earth and find pure Earth Energy that is just right for you.\n5. Bring this Earth Energy up through your feet chakras, up your leg channels into the first chakra and out and down your Grounding Cord. With each breath, breathe in this Earth Energy fully.\n6. Let your energy body travel up into the cosmos and find pure Cosmic Energy that is right for you.\n7. Bring this Cosmic Energy to you through your 7th chakra. Let it travel down the back of the head in two channels. Then at your neck it splits into four channels, traveling down either side of the spine, down your back, then into your first chakra where it mixes with Earth Energy.\n8. Let the two energies mix fully. When you are ready let part of this divine essence travel up through each chakra and out the top of your head. Allow an equal amount travel down your Grounding Cord.\n9. At the 5th chakra (throat chakra) allow some of this divine essence travel down your arms, out your hand chakras and into your aura.\n\nRunning Energy Guided Meditation\n\nDo you want more guidance? Be sure to listen to this Running Energy Guided Meditation with Michelle now!\n\nClairaudience Guided Meditation to Unlock Your Psychic Ability\n\nUnlock Your Clairaudience with Michelle\n\nThis profound clairaudience guided meditation to unlock your psychic ability will do support you in tapping into and accessing your psychic gift of clear hearing like never before. Join Michelle in this deeply transformative psychic development meditation. Click below to begin the meditation now …\n\n\n#clairaudience #clairaudienceguidedmeditation #michellebeltran\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhat Psychic Ability Is and Is Not: Signs You’re Psychic\n\nA Word About Psychic Ability and Intuition\n\nThe steps we take on life’s journey are fraught with ups and downs, misconceptions and falsehoods, unexpected realizations and unprecedented understandings. Life is learning. Even our ability to observe firsthand events correctly is impacted by the inability of our brains to record more than five specific facts at one time. The other facts—rightly or wrongly remembered—are filtered out of our recollection. Our observations are also influenced by our worldview and past influences, not actual facts. The realm of psychic and otherworldly happenings, like our observations, can’t be definitively defined. But in spite of that, the world of psychic phenomena has thousands of followers, and the people who believe in an active, unseen world practice its teachings.\n\nWhat we do know about this area of life is that such belief structures are part of our culture. The world of active spirituality, of psychic seeing, mediumship, and other psychic modalities, is growing. Just as many people are interested in religious principles and inspirations, many are interested in the mysterious realm of the supernatural. In the past, people thought something was wrong with anyone who thought about psychic or spiritual matters. Now people are curious. They are in the midst of reconsidering any information they’ve learned about the universe and the world of the unseen. There is a new wave of investigation into such things as intuition, hunches, instinct, unusual awareness, and the possibility of a sixth sense.\n\nInsightful Perspectives About Intuition & Psychic Functioning\n\nMalcolm Gladwell, in his book Blink: The Power of Thinking without Thinking takes a long, hard look at the power and presence of the seldom-understood phenomenon we call intuition. We can’t conclusively explain intuition, but researchers like Gladwell have taken a stab at it. His argument suggests our mental processes work quickly and automatically, using an overabundance of information acquired over a lifetime. He puts forth a theory that expert judgment and instantaneous decisions are often accurate without the benefit of extensive knowledge. He also looks into factors that prevent us from using our intuition knowingly and investigates the influences that appear to destroy this mechanism of human intuition.\n\nOthers also believe intuition is the result of a lifetime of experiences—an exposure to information residing in our subconscious until the accumulation of that information can be used. These people believe our minds have the ability to archive all types of information we don’t log in on a conscious level. They believe we pick up information subconsciously, never really comprehending it—body language, tone of voice, a particular look, or something out of place—and this is the root of intuition.\n\nTo others, however, intuition is a knowing or sensing that comes from within because we are a part of a universal mind, and it comes without the benefit of rational explanation. They believe intuition is an unnamed something that operates beneath our layers of logic, something that works as our conscious and unconscious minds communicate in unexpected ways, an unconscious reasoning that propels us to do things without telling us why or how. In the book Steve Jobs, by Walter Isaacson, Jobs, an inventor and pioneer of the computer revolution, called intuition, “more powerful than intellect.” Intuition, for both camps, is the sum of our intellectual ability, acquired knowledge, past experiences, and sensory perceptions. For some, it also includes psychic input.\n\nRELATED: Dynamic Psychic Development Technique to Strengthen Your Intuition\n\nWhat Psychic Ability Is and Is Not\n\n\nInstinct is an internally driven, fixed pattern of behavior exhibited in animals in response to a specific stimulus. It is an inborn impulse, a motivation to action. Salmon swim upstream and fight strong river currents in response to a compulsion to return to their birthplaces and spawn a new generation. Salmon do this in response to instinct, not intuition. Intuition is an experience unique to humans.\n\nMental Sensories\n\nIntuition not only uses our mental senses to inform us, but it also uses our bodies to send us unique messages. You may have heard it said, “He makes the hairs on the back of my neck stand up.” That is intuition using your physical body to signal something may be wrong or needs your attention. It may be telling you the person or situation in question is unsafe. Intuition might be a tingle, a feeling in your stomach, or an unsettling emotion. It is intuition sending you a message.\n\nScience or Spiritual?\n\nTo people like Gladwell, intuition and foreknowledge are scientific in nature. To those who believe in otherworldly existences, it is spiritual. While it may seem incompatible to forge a link between the common, everyday experiences of intuition and the trained and developed powers of a psychic, psychics tell us intuition is the foundation upon which psychic abilities are built.\n\nA Worthy Compass\n\nRegardless of where the truth lies on this issue, our culture actively encourages us to rely on rational judgment as the only true expression of reality. We know, however, that purely rational assessments aren’t always accurate. We have all experienced instances where emotional input has aided in the discovery of a truth or the reality of an event or situation. Intuition is a worthwhile guide for evaluating situations and informing decisions. It has the ability to take us to unexpected destinations without the benefit of logic.\n\nSigns You’re Intuitive or Psychic\n\nIf you have ever had a gut feeling that turned out to be true or had a sudden impulse to do or not do something but later discovered you should have listened, you were using the intuitive insights with which we are all endowed. Given that intuition lives in the realm of the unexplained, you may be able to conclude (in a broad sense) that you already have the foundation for acquiring psychic abilities. All individuals are born with a tendency toward a psychic mind, whether they know it or not or believe it or not. Psychic abilities are an integral and important part (albeit a small part) of intuition. Here are some very specific indications you may be psychic:\n\n  • Pay particular attention to their inner voices and listen to its urgings\n  • Pay attention to their bodies and are not afraid to be mystical\n  • May feel the illnesses, aching, pains or physical symptoms of others when near them\n  • Are inspired to support those who they see as being intimidated, bullied or who are suffering\n  • Make time for solitude and take advantage of opportunities to contemplate the mysteries of existence\n  • Cherish creativity and put time into feeding that creativity\n  • May experience ear ringing or odd unexplained body sensations\n  • Rules and regimen are stifling to them and freedom is essential\n  • Control of any kind is met with great resistance\n  • Strict regime, procedure and guidelines can be a challenge\n  • Awaken at the 2 am hour feeling restless, anxious or ready to get up\n  • Crowded or loud, busy places are overwhelming\n  • Psychic ability is in the family and/or generational\n  • A natural affinity and connection with animals\n  • Find themselves rooting for the losing team or the underdog in a situation\n  • Observe everything around them and attempt to make sense of what they see\n  • Pay attention to their dreams, have vivid dreams and understand truth can be found in the spirit world as well as the physical world\n\nIt is quite possible for individuals to make the conscious decision to develop, rekindle, or magnify the powers of their intuitive voices, their psychic minds. The path to the supernatural world of the psychic begins by expanding and fine-tuning intuition and then paying close attention to the seen and unseen worlds that surround us. Wayne Dyer, internationally renowned author and speaker on the topics of self-development and spiritual growth, like many in his field, believes current scientific investigation around the mysteries of matter and energy proves it is quite possible there is more beyond what our logical minds can consider.\n\nMORE PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT: Psychic Abilities Training! Develop Your Clairvoyance Using These Powerful Techniques\n\nNo Surprise, Our Planet is Onboard the Psychic Train\n\nFor many, religion is the answer to universal truth and a connection with supreme intelligence. Current statistics report a majority of Americans believe angels and demons are active in the world. Eighty percent believe miracles happen, and 92 percent believe in God. To others, cultivating and establishing psychic abilities will aid in a search for the power of a universal mind and a universal spirit that unifies us all.\n\nThe acquisition of psychic abilities is not simply the pursuit of a psychic mind. It is more about embarking on a journey of self-discovery to awaken an innate desire to understand the universe and the unseen world. It is not a question of being more intuitive than anyone else, and it is not a question of being endowed with more psychic abilities than anyone else. It is only about you and whether or not you want to engage in an exploration of the spirit realm or acquire psychic abilities by becoming familiar with the practices of the psychic world.\n\nTell Me More! \n\nThere’s so much to learn in the world of psychic functioning, non locality and the unseen. Access four courtesy chapters of my book, Take the Leap: What It Really Means to Be Psychic as a segway to more learning!\n\nPhoto credit: Canva\n\nPsychic Development Tool: 3 Techniques for Low Entity Removal\n\nLow Vibration Entity Eviction & Removal \n\nToxic, low vibration energies have no place in your life. You and you alone control what comes into your world, literally and energetically. This simple awareness will allow you to attract good experiences, people and energies going forward.\n\nNow that we have that straight, let’s look at next steps. As a start, you must first understand how energy works. All things, even the tangible computer or phone you’re using to your read this is energy. You too, are made up of energy. People, thoughts and things around you affect your personal energy field in either a positive or a negative way. At all times, you are the helm. Nothing comes through that you don’t choose or desire. You control the energy that you allow in as well as the energy you choose to hold on to.\n\nWhat are darker forces, lower astral beings? Why are they here? How do we evict an entity? As there is light, there is dark. Today we’re talking all about this and you’ll learn three techniques available to you during your psychic development that will support you in keeping pure positive essence in your space at all times.\n\nWhat Are You Feeding? A Wonderful Cherokee Story\n\nA wise old man is talking to his grandson. He explains that there is a terrible battle between two wolves takes place every day inside all people.\n\nThese two animals symbolize two opposing forces. One is evil, the old man tells his grandson. It is anger. It is envy, greed, arrogance and sadness. It’s the feeling of inferiority and the ego. The other force is kindness, joy, love, hope, serenity, humility, compassion, and peace.\n\nThe grandfather explains that the two wolves battle within each of us every day.\n\nWhen the young Cherokee boy asked his grandfather, which wolf will win the battle, the grandfather responded simply. “The one you feed will win.\n\nWhich “wolf” are you feeding?\n\nWherever you put your focus is what you will attract. Ask yourself, are you focusing on what’s good in your life – or are you letting toxic relationships, thoughts and things hold you back?\n\nThere is a layer of energy that surrounds your physical body. This energy field is called the aura. Do you feel out of sorts, not yourself, like something is in your space or even like you can’t function? This can be because this auric field is cluttered with energy gunk. You may not understand why lethargic feelings or defeated thoughts are present. You might even feel you are somehow bringing low energy as if you were a magnet for dark energy and/or negativity. So, caring for your auric field becomes as important as caring for your physical body. It will require taking your power back, cleaning your energy body and evicting low entities or energies.\n\nRELATED: How to Create the Essential Psychic Development Tool of Grounding\n\nThe Necessity of Protection\n\nWhile there is much that is positive about working with psychic Sense-Abilities, there are areas of caution. It is essential and compulsory that, when delving into the world of psychic phenomena, you recognize the need for spiritual, mental, and physical protection. Protection must be considered, not only for yourself but for the safety of your loved ones. There are, we regret to say, spirits of lower vibration, whose only reason for existing is to spread chaos and turmoil. They are spirits that want nothing more than to bring negative energy and negative situations into your life and\n\nIt is important to know, when you are dealing with spirits or working to connect with them, there are good spirits and not so good spirits. The difficulty inherent in this situation is that you may not always know (at least right away) with which type of spirit you are dealing. You won’t know the intention of a spirit until you make contact with it. Even if your goal is to connect with a spirit you already know is good, it is possible that a lower vibration spirit will intervene.\n\nSteps to Remove Low Vibration Entities\n\n  1. Say your prayer of protection and ask your Guides to help.\n  2. Relax, close your eyes and take 5 deep breaths to relax your body. Breathe in through your nose and out your mouth. Bring your awareness to the sensations in your body and make note of the different sensations you feel.\n  3. Now imagine a suspicious entity, or dark entity in your mind’s eye, or picture a fear or worry that has been plaguing you for quite some time. Remember you have more power than it does. Physical beings have more power than Spirit Beings. The dark forces feed off our energy and will try and create situations so you are sad, upset or angry. This provides a situation where the dark force can feed. The dark force may attempt to disrupt your visualizations by means of intimidating, and trying to frighten you. You are ever safe, protected in the golden divine energy of the Higher in this work. You are in charge and must be heard.\n  4. Ask the dark force, or fear how long it has been with you and why. It’s okay to be curious. Tell it that it’s time to go back to the white light where it originally came from, and you will give it 5 seconds to choose to leave on its own, or that you will proceed with the removal.\n  5. Demand that it never returns to you. It must listen to you.\n\nMany times as we get rid of a dark force, it will manipulate our visualization to disrupt the process. You might also now try this now:\n\n  1. Imagine that you have a bucket of “frozen energy”. Pour this over the head and body of the entity, so that it can no longer interfere. Now, the entity has no power to move, change or disrupt your visualization.\n\n\n  1. Imagine a giant syringe and needle.\n  2. Picture the syringe filling up with brilliant white light and tell the entity you are planning on injecting it with the needle. Usually, the entity or fear will disappear immediately. If you have a strong willed one present, he will still stick around and challenge you.\n  3. Imagine the enormous needle entering the Spirit body and slowly squeezing the white light into it.\n  4. Watch as the white light, engulfs the entity from head to toe. The entity is at peace now and is returning to the place it came from.\n\nCongratulations on your first low vibration eviction! You will use any one of these techniques on future clients to help them heal or in your dreams or during meditation to evict low vibration entities.\n\nSome Homework for You!\n\nCreate a few techniques of your own using imagination on how to evict or get rid of a dark force, or lower astral entity. Spend 5 minutes using your new technique to get rid of one. When you see your third eye is clear of all beings, you know you have succeeded. Feel your newfound strength of being able to rid yourself of them anytime you want. And know that you are also able to help clients rid themselves of these pests.\n\nAlways use the golden divine energy of the Higher and ask your Guides for assistance. Be sure to return to this blog post after this assignment and let us know how this worked for you!\n\nStudent Question: Does thinking about the entity invite them back?\n\nGood question! No, it sure does not.\n\nThe thought of the low energy does not invite it back in the strictest sense, particularly short fleeting or momentary thoughts. Darker entities don’t just show up because you think of them. Your continued thought and worry, over time, however brings the low energy ‘in general’ to your space and you will then see it manifest in a variety of ways like repeated negative people in your life, or one thing after the other going wrong. The important thing is to catch yourself after that fleeting thought. Then, honor yourself for catching yourself: you cannot shift away from something that is not serving you if you can’t see you’re doing it. So, bravo to you for catching yourself in that brief thought of the low energy! Then, simply shift into new and better thought of what you do desire.\n\nThe Protection Rose to Support You\n\nAs you proceed along your path of universal connections and higher planes of existence, you will be more aware of the myriad of spiritual energies around you. You will be exposed to new realms of being, and as a consequence, you will become more sensitive to their vibrations. This increase in awareness will bring increased vulnerabilities. Therefore, it is necessary for you to create a safe space, where positive energy can dwell and negative energy is forbidden.\n\nPracticing psychics develop a protection rose or a prayer of protection to send a message to the universe of their strong intentions to be protected. A prayer of protection is personal and is often repeated aloud. Its power is in the strong intention of the practitioner. It is a prayer said before starting the day and before any reading or energy work takes place.\n\nWhile a protection prayer is a verbal expression—alerting negative spirits to keep their distance—a protection rose is a meditative energy tool that reinforces a clear boundary against negative energy. It acts as a filter to prevent energies not your own from accessing your space. It is a defense mechanism to ensure safe and protected sessions.\n\nTo create a protection rose, you must first envision a rose clearly in your mind’s eye. See the colors and smell the aroma. See the beauty of it from the ground up, along the green stem, onto the shape and texture of the leaves, to the actual shape and form of the rose petals. The vision of your rose, and the pure essence of energy it imparts, will invade your space, protecting you with a strong, unfettered connection to the universe. Your mind cannot tell the difference between reality and imagination. Because of that, the unencumbered vision of your rose actively acts as your energy protector.\n\nSteps to Create a Protection Rose\n\n  1. Envision a vibrant, colorful rose, and make it any color you desire.\n  2. Make it as tall and wide as you are.\n  3. Place it just outside your aura.\n  4. Ground it to the center of the earth.\n  5. State your intention for the rose to act as a filter to keep pure, positive energy in your space and to keep other energies in their spaces.\n\nMORE PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT: Psychic Development and 7 Essential Step to Clear Negative Energy Cords\n\nDaily Energy Balance and Clarity\n\nNow that you have three techniques to remove low energies and/or entities and the Protection Rose to support your work, let’s talk about how to maintain positive flow and balance in your daily life going forward.\n\nKeep in mind that low energies are acquired over time. They don’t just show up! Rather, over time they arrived and you just didn’t catch them! So they stuck with you, like sludge, and grew. Consider this to ensure positive energy surrounds you at all times:\n\nIt’s All About the Self Talk\n\nThink about what you’re saying. If you say “I don’t want another bad day” you just brought it to you. How? By saying “No” I don’t want that particular thing it’s just like saying yes to it. You said yes to a bad day by the mere fact that you gave attention to a bad day. So, say yes to what you do want! Fuel the good wolf and say things like:\n\nLife is good\nI intend happy\nI have time to do all I need to today\nI feel safe and loved today and every day\n\nRemove Challenging People\n\nYou know these people. They feel heavy. When you’re around them you feel heavy too. You find yourself with a general sense of not liking how you feel –  before, during and after you’re with them. Perhaps they influence you to do things or make choices you normally would not. Catch yourself in the midst of these feelings and consider some clean up in your world! Take your power back from anyone in your life who is toxic, be they family, friends, or even professional career relationships. Make a conscious choice to employ your Protection Rose while near them and make sure you’re near them as little as possible.\n\nIf you’re needing to do an energy releasing meditation to support you in setting healthy energy boundaries with people around, from your past or present try my Energy Cord Releasing Meditation! It is indeed possible that you could be carrying past residual low energy that it’s time to get rid of.\n\nTroubling Places, Experiences or Events\n\nThere are things in your life that bring you joy. Think for a moment. What are they? A wonderful dinner with family? Yoga class? Your pets? An exciting musical performance? The laughter of your son or daughter? As you think of these experiences notice your energy. Do you feel peace? Ease? Comfort? Gratitude? Abundance? Of course you do! Now, think of the things, places or experience in your day or life that don’t bring joy. Loud busy stores or an airport? Traffic jams? A crisis in the news? What are your emotions now as you think of these places or experiences? Anxiety, heaviness, fear and grief might be some emotions that overtook you as you just simply thought of this. Having done this simple thought exercise consider two things: First, your immediate emotional response to the joy vs. lack of joy experiences. You likely went from happy to sad in seconds as you merely thought of these experiences. This should be clear proof to you how powerful your emotions are influenced by thought it just a few moments! Second, realize that you actually may be inviting in negative energy without even knowing it! When you have been driving in a traffic jam for example, you can take the emotion of that experience with you to the extent that it lingers with you all day. Be sure to clear your energy after having been at these chaotic places and/or events and if possible, limit your time in them.\n\nIt’s the good wolf we want to thrive! In the spirit of the good wolf, make a list of all the things in your life that fill you up and bring you joy. Grow your Good Wolf Joy List!\n\nWrapping It Up\n\nThe universe will honor your effort and your intention to be protected. It doesn’t take long for you to establish a daily routine of envisioning your life and the energy around you safe, well and full of love and light as your daily norm. Remember that any routine is an ongoing process that only becomes a habit with practice and consistency.\n\nIf you’d like to learn more about psychic or mediumship development and how to connect with your higher self check out helpful courses for psychic development training, tele-courses and online development programs!\n\nPhoto credit: Canva\n\nSensory Field Trips: The Power of Your Senses to Access Your Psychic Ability\n\nPsychic Ability Happens Through Your Senses (Sense-Abilities)\n\nAll Sense-Abilities are avenues by which to see the world as it really is. Psychic abilities without a purposeful intention to do good for others are skills that can be learned and, as such, are merely skills. Skills are just that—skills. Psychic awareness, psychic abilities, psychic creativity, and spiritual growth present opportunities for supernatural practices to serve personal growth and the needs of humankind. When psychic potential is unleashed, and you can see what it manifests, you know that it is probably worth your while to pursue it.\n\nSensory Field Trip: Step One to Access Your Psychic Self\n\nBut first things first. Decide the focus your psychic ability will take. Connecting with your higher self, your sixth sense, and the spirit world requires the use of all your senses: taste, touch, smell, hearing, and sight. These senses are the doorways through which your connection with your intuitive, psychic self develops. Through your Sense-Abilities, you take your physical senses to a higher spiritual level. This process becomes a heightened sensing. Psychic Sense-Abilities come in many forms, and the development of any psychic ability takes time and energy.\n\nThe first thing to do before attempting to invest in any kind of formal training is to get a sense of your own inner Sense-Abilities. Start by taking time to increase awareness of everything around you. Try taking a sensory field trip—a time when all you do is practice awareness. Go to a zoo, the woods, your local grocery store, or farmer’s market. Take time to notice everything there. Take thirty to forty minutes to wander around. Listen to the sounds that make up the environment, the smells you encounter, and everything you rarely take notice of. Look everywhere, and feel everything. Feel textures, notice colors, sensations, temperatures, and smells. Handle things. Notice the weight and temperature of the items you touch.\n\nWhat is happening all around you? Is it colder or warmer in certain parts of the store? What are you feeling on the inside of your body? What are you feeling on the outside of your body? Are you drawn to look up, down, or to the side for any reason? If so, ask yourself why. It is important to notice direction because of the way things present; looking from top to bottom, from right or left matters.\n\nTake into account how you are feeling along the way; attempt to ascertain what reactions you are having and why. Keep track of what keeps you from focusing and what may be the cure. Focus on the smallest details; write down every experience as you go, but don’t allow your writing to distract you. Jot down just a word or two to remind you of each experience. You can focus on the writing later.\n\nNoticing directions is important, as directional messages are correlated with time. For example, something presenting from the left can mean it is linked to the past, from the middle, a link to the present, and from the right, a future connection.\n\nThe sensory field trip will help you access which Sense-Abilities you are predisposed to practice. You will get a sense of what your innate talents are. Each of the Sense-Abilities is a complementary tool, available to psychics through the way they access information— information which can’t be learned any other way.\n\n\nWait, I Can Have Two or More Gifts? … Yes! \n\nIt is possible you will find what particular affinity you have for one or several Sense-Abilities. You will find those Sense-Abilities form the foundation for your activities with clients. You will also find that each Sense-Ability grows in development and intensity. Be aware of what kind of information is most likely to be revealed to you and through which Sense-Ability it is most likely to come. Remember not to dismiss anything that is unfamiliar or strange. Be bold and open to what was previously closed to you.\n\nOnce you have determined which sense is the strongest for you, sit in a comfortable, quiet position. Become aware of your body and your breathing. Breathe in and out slowly for a minute or so. Then, give attention to the Sense-Ability with which you connect the strongest. Next, simultaneously be mindful of your breath and your Sense-Ability, as if they were one. If hearing is the most prominent of your senses, then focus your attention on your ears. Breathe in and out slowly, focusing for several minutes on the fact that you and your ears are one. If your Sense-Ability is Taste Reception, focus on your tongue, and exhale and inhale as you do so. Each day, when it comes to your attention, take time to repeat this exercise with your dominant Sense-Ability in mind. Concentration will make your particular Sense-Ability more firmly instilled in your mind.\n\nBecome comfortable with your hunches, gut and natural sense of knowing. Learn to trust this. If something doesn’t feel right, chances are it isn’t. What may be right for one person may be totally wrong for another. We have all experienced times when a feeling deep in the stomach compels us to take action. If we don’t listen to this prompting, we might feel as though we had missed doing something central to our benefit or the benefit of someone else. There are times when we’ve listened to such an urging, only to learn that listening made a difference and was important.\n\nYour sixth-sense is your inner guide. Learn to trust it. It may be scary at first, and it may appear to lack logical sense, but you will soon discover it does make sense. When you obey your urges and listen to your inner-self, you’ll reinforce the power of your awareness and see it become an important part of how your life (and the lives of others) obtains a deeper understanding of certain events.\n\nBeing Proactive, Open Vigilant and Aware Matters\n\nPay attention and be aware. The more data and information you absorb, the more your subconscious mind will reveal. Your intuitive senses use all the information gathered from your conscious mind. They allow your subconscious mind to play a part in delivering information to aid in your decision-making. Remember: your subconscious mind communicates information directly to your conscious mind, and it does so through the power of your inner perceptions. It is important for the development of your psychic abilities to pay attention to even the smallest hints and clues you receive. The key to a fully integrated experience is to take notice.\n\nIf you have ever ignored your intuition or inner observations and later had to deal with unpleasant consequences, you know the importance of paying attention. Remember: the more you pay attention, the more you will experience. The more you experience, the clearer and more correct your messages will be.\n\nRead insightful and engaging articles at Michelle Beltran Intuitive Development Blog with new articles published regularly. You’ll receive a plethora of information, tips and tools regarding all things metaphysical and spiritual! Michelle’s sought after teachings will assist you with accessing your intuitive self.\n\nHarness the Power of Your Rest Time\n\nUse the power of sleep. Much can be learned and explored while your consciousness visits the unconscious realm. Put your subconscious mind to work while you sleep. Before you go to bed at night, reflect on any questions or issues for which you need solutions. Your subconscious mind will consider the problem and make an answer apparent to you in the morning. Since dreams and sleep information are often lost in the presence of the conscious mind—the light of day—have a pen and book light available for recording what you have discovered.\n\nMORE PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT: Psychic Medium Reveals: How to Develop Your Psychic Power of Clairaudience\n\nIt’s so Trite, Yet True: Journal\n\nJournaling will also help. When you take time to record your experiences, you give yourself the ability to evaluate and appraise the whys and wherefores of your experiences. It is an excellent way to give meaning to inner messages, insights, and unexpected knowledge. Remember: the development of your personal awareness is akin to learning a new skill. The more you practice, the better you will become.\n\nWhat’s Next in Your Journey?\n\nIf you find yourself moved by a strong suspicion that there is more to life than what can be seen or easily explained … If you find yourself with an overwhelming desire to explore what lies outside the realm of physical science or earthly understanding … If you want to know what abilities function outside the domain of natural laws consider my psychic development book Take the Leap: What It Really Means to Be Psychic. Click here to access 4 courtesy chapters now!\n\nPhoto credit: Canva\n\nPsychic Development: 7 Important Concepts Getting Started as a Psychic\n\nHow to Get Started in Your Psychic Development Journey\n\nOnce you’ve accepted the idea of a higher realm—that world is not just what you see—you will be free to explore everything that means. And, if you believe as Shakespeare wrote, “There are more things in heaven and earth … than are dreamt of in your philosophy,” then you should consider learning more.\n\nThe universe is full of energy, available to anyone who wants to tune in to its subtle vibrations. These vibrations, like energy, are available to those who make the effort to learn. If learning more is your intention, focus is required to activate the forces. Concentrate and evaluate even the smallest instances of psychic phenomena that happen in your life and the lives of others. Become familiar with the ethereal forces involved and how those forces integrate to exhibit hidden powers in action.\n\nThe Universe is Connected: Find Peace in This Knowing\n\nOne of the most important things to learn is the philosophy that everything is connected—plants, animals, people, and the universe. This knowledge will give you a different perspective on life and the claim that there is a connection between the living and the dead. Understanding this concept is necessary for developing your latent psychic ability. Once you adopt psychic philosophies, the next thing to do is to develop a new mindset. See happenings as more than random, as more than collected coincidences. Then, examine what your gifts are. Pay attention to how the universe sends information your way. It is quite possible that you already have inklings as to the particular psychic talents you have. Test those talents. Practice them to become proficient.\n\nRELATED: How to Distinguish Between the Highly Sensitive Person, Empath and Clairsentient?\n\nTake Time to Discern Your Talent\n\nEach person endeavoring to engage in psychic practices has a different set of talents; identify which ones are yours. Learn the principles psychics are known to live by. Diligently apply yourself to accomplish the exercises given you by a trainer, and make use of the instructions you have gleaned from your personal research. Test the quality of your newly-acquired skills by practicing them. Look for a way to obtain continuous feedback on your progress and an objective assessment of your skills. A professional trainer will provide that and will guide your growth. The most important requirement to fully develop your latent abilities is to accept the foundational concept that there is more to the world than we suspect or see.\n\nYour Desire and Meditation Matters Too\n\nThe next important requirement is to have a desire and willingness to develop psychically to the extent you are able to connect with the universal mind. Listen to what the spirit has to say, and honestly deliver that information. Don’t forget that meditation facilitates every connection. It also opens the channels to your Sense-Abilities and the role you will play in the lives of others. Meditation will go a long way towards speeding your psychic development.\n\nMORE PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT: The Precognitive Dream Telling the Future: How Do I Know I’m Having One?\n\n7 Invaluable Psychic Concepts to Remember & Employ\n\nAs one develops their intuitive ability they have access to extensive recorded information held by the universal mind. Your ability to tap into these intense psychic insights is the direct result of establishing a link with the universal mind and its unlimited stores of universal energy. This energy can be tapped by anyone who chooses to make an effort to tune into its subtle vibrations.\n\nAs you access and tap into this information there are a few things to be aware of. The following are good rules of thumb to keep in mind as you begin listening to your intuition and gut sense in your daily life. Let them be guidance and employ them as they serve you.\n\n• Your psychic journey is unique and highly individual. It is important to honor that.\n• Report what you see, regardless of what it is, even if it seems ridiculous or silly. Too often, individuals new to practicing their Sense-Abilities are afraid to say what they see and fail to recognize it as feasible. In so doing, they lose meaningful information. What you receive from the universe or the spirits always has meaning.\n• As you begin practicing your psychic abilities, trust images and impressions you first encounter because what you first encounter will probably be most accurate. What comes first is correct.\n• You are the boss. Use your own higher knowing and intuition, and listen to your inner voice. They provide the most valuable information you can get, so trust it. Your emotions and gut feelings are part of this intuitiveness.\n• Relax. Enjoy the journey. It is a process, and the process is the gift. Your psychic development should be done in fun!\n• Let psychic information come to you. You need not force it or search it out. Your desire to be right or get the images you intend is ego speaking. Ego hinders your connection.\n• Be rooted in ethics and integrity. All your readings, healings, intuitive abilities, and other modalities are practiced with the permission of the person you are helping.\n\nLearn More About Your Clairabilities in My Development Psychic Abilities Book\n\n\nFind out more about psychic development, mediumship, your Clairabilities and so much more in my development psychic abilities book!\n\nPhoto credit: Canva", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6871823072433472}
{"content": "From Nordan Symposia\n(Redirected from Goal)\nJump to navigationJump to search\n\n\n\n\n  • 1: a lens or system of lenses that forms an image of an object\nFor lessons on the topic of Objectives or (Goals), follow this link.\n\n\n\n\n\nMilitary objectives are clearly defined desired resulst in a given campaign, major operation, battle, or engagement set by the senior command for their formations and units to achieve. Military objectives can be set within a three-tier scale of combat structure of tactical, operational and strategic management of the conflict, and the conduct of its combat operations process. The objective is usually defined in the orders within the operational plan's written specification.\n\nA tactical objective is often an intermediate step to achieving an operational objective, and as such requires decision making and problem solving skills applied during the execution of the tactical plan as part of the operational plan. The operational objective is often a significant intermediary objective before forces reach the strategic objective, often a goal set by the defense policy during the conduct of the campaign or the war, existing within the trade, political and international relations policy.\n\nWhile in recent military history the term had been applied to all military operations, originally it meant specific objects as map terrain features of reference on the battlefield for identification of positions to commanders and their troops. During the 19th century, as armed forces and their armies grew in size, the military objective acquired a meaning of a general desired dislocation of troops on conclusion of the ordered action, movement or operation.\n\nThe degree to which an objective is attained at the completion of combat is the subject of the intelligence analysis phase in the combat operations process.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9186174869537354}
{"content": "Since few publications exist regarding the Middle Jurassic Uwainat carbonate sedimentology in Qatar, this paper contributes significantly to the understanding of Uwainat sedimentology and depositional process in Qatar and in the southern area of the Arabian Gulf. This paper also demonstrates how a detailed sequence stratigraphic framework for Uwainat, established for the first time in Maydan Mahzam and Bul Hanine Fields, was integrated with sedimentology, to build proper stratigraphic and facies models. In addition, the results of this study confirmed that a facies based model is an excellent solution for capturing and predicting the high permeable facies/dynamic rock types in their proper time/depth location within a high resolution stratigraphic cycle. Compared to previous work on Uwainat in Maydan Mahzam field, this study allowed a good and promising early history matching of the field performance. Integrating various disciplines to analyze data and build a 3D geological model of a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir is key to a proper workflow. The work flow developed for this study could be used to describe other carbonate reservoirs in the region.\n\n\nThe Mid-Jurassic reservoirs are part of Qatar Petroleum's Maydan Mahzam and Bul Hanine offshore oil fields. These reservoirs, Araej Upper, Uwainat, Araej Lower and Izhara have been on production for 20 years.\n\nBul Hanine (BH) and Maydan Mahzam (MM) are mature fields located Offshore Qatar some 120 kms east of Doha. In both the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Qatar, the Middle Jurassic comprises the Izhara and Araej Formations. The Middle Jurassic is known as Dhruma Formation in Saudi Arabia and other places in the Arabian Gulf. The Araej Formation is divided into three members: Araej Upper, Uwainat and Araej Lower.\n\nThe Uwainat reservoir is the middle member of the Araej Formation (Bathonian-Callovian age) and is considered as the most significant horizon of the Middle Jurassic Formations. The Uwainat thickness, approximately 180 feet, is relatively uniform throughout the southern area of the Arabian Gulf and consists of 5 to 20 ft thick sedimentary cycles of alternating low permeability lime wacke-/packstones, and 0.5 to 5ft thin relatively permeable pack/grainstone layers.\n\nThe grainstone layers, which impact reservoir performance, cannot be reliably detected directly from logs. Diagenesis plays a crucial role in reservoir development. The main diagenetic processes are early compaction, early leaching, dolomitization, cementation, stylolitisation and late leaching. In the main porous wack/packstones porosity is mainly of the leached secondary fine inter-particle and leached secondary intra-particle type. In the permeable grainstone beds, primary and secondary inter-particle/granular porosity are the dominant pore types.\n\nThe dominant grain types in the Uwainat sediments are pellets/peloids, benthonic foraminifera, echinoderm, shell fragments and mud. Corals are especially common in the upper part of the Uwainat reservoir and oncoids appear only in the lower part. Most of the grains are largely micritized. Throughout the Uwainat, sediments have been affected by bioturbation.\n\nThe Uwainat sediments were deposited in a shallow marine shelf environment, the nature of which is slightly restricted in the lower Uwainat, and normal marine in the upper Uwainat. The overall energy of deposition is moderate to high.\n\nThe grainstone layers within the Uwainat, which impact reservoir performance, cannot be reliably detected directly from logs because of their limited thickness. The better porosities and permeabilities occur mainly in the upper half of the reservoir.\n\nThis content is only available via PDF.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9993619322776794}
{"content": "Last Updated 10 Mar 2020\n\nThe Importance of Organizational Ethics\n\nCategory Organization\nEssay type Research\nWords 1782 (7 pages)\nViews 594\n\nIn today's world, it is all too prevalent to see more and more people hungry to gain success at an ever-increasing rate. Modern culture can and indeed is labelled 'greedy' and 'thoughtless'. Through my relatively short time spent in business, I have encountered many of these types of people. But who are they hungry for? Who benefits from their thoughtlessness, and why do they do what they do? More importantly, who is to blame when things don't go according to plan? These are all questions asked constantly in the business domain, questions that often seem to include the word 'ethics' in their answer.\n\nWhether we look to consequentialism and always consider the outcome of a particular action, or conform to a more deontological form of ethical thinking and focus on always acting in a manner that seems 'right', I believe that a person cannot always be 'ethical', all of the time. If it were that easy, ethics would be a very small area of study. So what does the word 'ethical' mean? To me, it is to take into account every aspect involved in any given situation, peoples' feelings, thoughts and well-being, both now and in the future, and act as best one can to achieve the most satisfactory outcome for all concerned.\n\n\nHaven’t found the relevant content? Hire a subject expert to help you with The Importance of Organizational Ethics\n\nHire verified expert\n\nWhen acting within a certain environment, be it local, national or global, the organisation must be seen to be 'socially acceptable'. I believe this idea of control of the organisation's self-interest together with maintaining a good standing in the public eye to be the main factor for preparing these ethical codes. Both of these can only be achieved through clearly defined codes of ethics from which individuals' roles can conform through a manner of standardisation. However, through the enforcement of ethical codes, people revoke to a basic level of thinking, judgement and acting as identified in Lawrence Kohlberg's pre-conventional level.\n\n\n\nMcMahon identifies that the legitimacy of managerial authority lies within a contract or promise. An employee, therefore, willingly submits to the thoughts and ideals of the organisation when they sign the contract of employment. \"That is, the exchange of labour for wages in which employment consists involves a promise on the part of employees to accept the directives of managers. To be sure, employees may be expected to use their own judgement in carrying out the tasks assigned to them. But if a managerial directive conflicts with an employee's judgement, the directive must take precedence.\n\nOtherwise the employee is attempting to renege on a morally binding agreement\" (McMahon, 1989). Whilst this in law is true, I feel that it should be left wholly to the individual's own moral judgement. What is to say that those who have prepared the code of ethics for a particular organisation are better 'ethically equipped' to make the decisions for others? That is to say, why is a senior manager more ethically right than a lower employee? I don't believe that as a rule he/she is, more they and others responsible for making the decisions would like to think they are.\n\nYes they may have more experience in their particular industry or even technical and conceptual skills, but that does not make them better suited to exert their moral judgement over another individual's. Once again, this control is clearly forcing employees back down to a Kohlbergian pre-conventional level. In such free-speaking times as we now live therefore, why do organisations attempt to dictate our thoughts and actions? As I earlier identified, the organisation does not want to be seen to be 'socially unacceptable' whilst simultaneously achieving the best possible results.\n\nTherefore, from where do the key decisions originate? Should it be left to the managers to ensure that employees follow an ethical code or should it be left to the individual's judgement? In my view, autonomy is the generally the best approach as I am a firm believer in individual expression. We have moved from such times as to rule with an iron fist, we should go on from here and not regress. Do many organisations simply issue a code of ethics because it is the 'done thing', a reactive gesture rather than a proactive exercise? Is it the case that they are only acting merely not to appear unethical?\n\nThis certainly is the case in many organisations in my opinion. What is left to examine is which organisation subscribes to which approach and for what reasons? I consider the major factor in this to be the issue of responsibility. The term responsible is \"firstly, sometimes used to mean 'trustworthy' or 'dependable'... second, the term is used to mean 'obligation'. Third, responsibility is sometimes used to indicate that an action or its consequences are attributable to a certain agent\" (Velasquez, 1983). It is this third explanation that I shall focus on. Can corporations have moral responsibility?\n\n\nFor they are not moral agents or entities\" (De George, 1981). His moralistic view, as he claims, is extremely outrageous. In essence, it states that organisations have moral immunity, whereby an individual could be morally condemned for their actions, they could not if they were pursuing the goals of their organisation. De George lists the example of morally condemning a murderer for their actions, but how \"Murders Inc. cannot be faulted from a moral point of view for pursuing its goal, nor can its agents for doing what is necessary to achieve the organisation's ends.\n\nWhilst this addresses the issue of whether organisations can be morally responsible, it does not answer the question. Therefore, we have to determine whether it is the organisation that acts, the management or the people. \"Whenever organisations act, people act, and for every act of an organisation there are at least some acts of individuals such that if these individuals had not performed their acts, and no one else had, then the organisation would not have performed the act attributed to it\" (Haworth, 1959).\n\n\nSo why do some organisations take this control-oriented approach? I'm sure that with some it is simply to keep the power in their own hands; these people think they need to have power in order to be successful. However, I think a more pertinent reason as to why some organisations take this approach is to hide behind the organisation themselves. Many individuals within organisations are scared of the book stopping with them so they create a 'code of ethics' which, in terms of blame, is large enough to hide behind.\n\n\n\nA person should not be told what to think simply for the corporate 'good'. \"If we are to deter corporate wrongdoing and be assured that corporate members will comply with our moral and legal norms, our blame and punishment must travel beyond the corporate veil to lodge with those who knowingly bring about the corporation's acts\" (Velasquez, 1983). In conclusion, if we as individuals want the power to think and judge for ourselves then we must accept the consequences of our own actions. Organisations should give us this choice.\n\n\nHire verified expert\n\nCite this page\n\nThe Importance of Organizational Ethics. (2018, Jun 16). Retrieved from\n\nNot Finding What You Need?\n\nSearch for essay samples now\n\n\nSave time and let our verified experts help you.\n\nHire verified expert", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.711014449596405}
{"content": "Does there exist two orbits synchronized so that a telescope in one would line up with a star shade in the other on a line pointing to a certain star? And this during a period of time relevant for great astronomical imaging, such as hours or days. And in the Solar system.\n\nIs there any deeper meaning to why it is so hard or impossible to put three points on a straight line in this spacetime?\n\n  • $\\begingroup$ I'd like to add that three objects temporarily getting on a straight line has been such a super huge success factor for astronomy from the most ancient times to the latest gravitational lens. But when we try to do it delibrerately and lastingly, it's really hard, isn't it? $\\endgroup$ – LocalFluff Aug 22 '17 at 12:54\n  • $\\begingroup$ According to Princeton University Astrophysicist and WFIRST team member Jeremy Kasdin: \"… you’ll see it flip, and fly out at 50,000 kilometers away from the telescope. It’s gonna move in front of the star, just like that, creates a wonderful shadow, Boom!\" (applause) youtu.be/XYNUpQrZISc?t=271 $\\endgroup$ – uhoh Aug 22 '17 at 14:11\n  • $\\begingroup$ To requote @JanDoggen 's comment, even if slightly out of context; XKCD Won! $\\endgroup$ – uhoh Aug 26 '17 at 13:37\n  • $\\begingroup$ LocalFluff there's 22 hours left in the bounty grace period. I'll wait for most of that time in case another answer is posted, but @Litho 's twin ellipse answer is certainly deserving unless something else even better comes along. $\\endgroup$ – uhoh Sep 3 '17 at 5:12\n\nWell, in theory you could launch a telescope to some orbit and a starshade to the orbit obtained by reflection in the plane that passes through the central body perpendicularly to the direction to the object you want to observe: Two symmetric orbits Then, assuming perfectly Keplerian orbits, if you synchronize the telescope and the starshade to move perfectly symmetrically, then the line which passes through them will always point to the observed object. (Of course, if they move perfectly symmetrically, then they will collide in the points where their orbits inntersect, so there's that.) Part of the time, the telescope will be in front of the starshade, though, but you can make this fraction small by making orbits highly elliptical.\n\nThese two orbits don't have to lie in the same plane, they just have to be symmetric to each other w.r.t. the plane perpendicular to the direction to the star. If you make the orbits non-coplanar, then the central body won't block the view when the telescope and the starshade are in apogee.\n\nI doubt that this would work in practice, though. Influences of other celestial bodies and irregularities in the gravity of the central body would affect the orbits, and the direction of the line connecting the telescope and the starshade will change. But I don't know how quickly.\n\nAs far as I can tell, this is the only solution under the assumption of perfectly Keplerian orbits. If the direction of the line that passes through two orbiting objects stays constant over some period of time, then the components of their accelerations perpendicular to that direction must be the same. This is possible only if they are at the same distance from the central body, i.e., they are symmetric to each other w.r.t. to the plane passing through the central body and perpendicular to the line connecting the two objects.\n\n  • $\\begingroup$ Of course! The ellipse has two foci, it is as simple as that! And I think that a star shade is good within the Hill radius of Earth. So telescope and starshade might orbit Earth pointing at the same object, only out of plane with the Moon and Sun. $\\endgroup$ – LocalFluff Sep 2 '17 at 16:33\n  • $\\begingroup$ I really like this solution! While it as some drawbacks (it's not really point-and-shoot-flexible when it comes to target selection) it's really elegant. If one wanted to do extensive observations in a certain general direction, this becomes more attractive. Very nice! $\\endgroup$ – uhoh Sep 2 '17 at 16:39\n\nI do not think the problem is the orbit here. What you really need is the capacity for both satellites (starshade and telescope) to fly in formation (at least until they are properly positioned) in order to align themselves over the telescope-star axis, and point in the right direction.\n\nAn example would be the Proba3 mission of the ESA. Proba3 is a formation flying mission (to be launched) comprised of two satellites, an occulter and a coronograph.\n\nAs the names indicate the occulter will occult the sun and the coronograph will be used to study the solar corona. However, because it is mainly a demonstration mission (i.e. meant to test new technologies), the orbit of the system formed by the two satellites will be HEO, not an orbit around the Lagrangian L1 as many other sun observation missions).\n\n  • $\\begingroup$ Interesting answer. For the Proba3 demonstration, occulter to telescope separation can be modest; from your link the maximum separation is only about 250 meters, whereas the distances needed to occult stars while leaving their exoplanets visible are three to five orders of magnitude larger. In that case the choice of orbit will certainly be relevant. $\\endgroup$ – uhoh Aug 23 '17 at 3:13\n\nYour Answer\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7744410634040833}
{"content": "There are several types of people, different temperaments, attitudes, etc. They are individual differences. Experiment deal with some types commonly found as follows:\n\n* Bitter: Give him a word of comfort, moral support, as this not only win his sympathy, but also that of others. One of the techniques of human relationship of greater power is goodness.\n\n* Bold: Shorten the duration of contact, giving urgent solution soon or referral to the problem or topic of interest.\n\n* Complex: Avoid touching your weak point, making teasing, jokes, name calling, etc.\n\n* Rushed: Be dexterity in service: if you can not send him immediately, at least show that you are doing as much for it.\n\n* Known: Be courteous without, however, the limits of discretion and mutual respect are exceeded.\n\n* Suspicious: Prefer the use of suggestion, speaking firmly.\n\n* Disoriented: Give detailed guidance, is persuasive.\n\n* Distracted: The way is to be an insistent both, repeating information, etc.\n\n* Fraternal: Do not limit yourself to reciprocate kindness sometimes take the initiative of kindness.\n\n* Inhibited: Be patient and help to \"come out of the shell\" making it easy answer questions.\n\n* Slanderous: should distinguish those who are just backbiters. With the backbiters, which are the \"Gossips\", nothing speaks and, if possible, listen less.\n\n* Disturbed: The situation escapes the scope of normality. Depending on the disturbance of the content may be invited to sit, offer a coffee and call the senior management to serve you.\n\n* Smug: When no longer withstand his constant views, do not give the useless and dangerous effort to say what he deserves ¯ simply adopt the distancing policy.\n\n* Vain: Be charitably indifferent, leaving him alone with his sweet and feeble genius of fantasy.\n\n* Angry: First of all, listen; let him speak without establishing discussion ... Having listened quietly all, start the exchange of ideas accepting their feelings. Then stern words of appreciation, emphasizing the education he manifests to hear from you.\n\nthen expose your thoughts neatly, impersonally and clearly, because the important thing is to be understood. Give opportunity to him to make inquiries. If challenged, listen again with serenity and start going through the critical path here described. Occasionally refers to him in answer to his name. Exhausted their arguments appeal to the nobility he may not but appreciate provide certification. If at the end of all these maneuvers he still stay angry, one of two things: that \"he has even entire reason\" and in this case only left him apologize, bearing the consequences, or it is disturbed, and there needs to be helped.\n\nDon't miss our page on Facebook!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8948312401771545}
{"content": "World Athletics President Sebastian Coe urged the UK Government to allow children's sport to resume ©Getty Images\n\nWorld Athletics President Sebastian Coe has urged the United Kingdom Government to allow children to play sport during lockdown or risk harming an \"entire generation's mental and physical health\".\n\nThe UK is currently living under restrictive measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with children unable to participate in extracurricular activities such as sport. \n\nIn a column published in the Daily Mail, Coe claimed the lockdown was disproportionately affecting those in poverty and was having a severe impact on the mental health of young people.\n\nHe described sport as the \"obvious solution\" to these issues, but highlighted that this was currently not possible under the restrictive measures. \n\n\"Ensuring children receive regular physical education, structured exercise and a means to run around and play during the lockdown can lead to unquestioned mental health benefits; improving self-confidence, nurturing positive relationships among peers, bolstering their mood, fostering social cohesion in communities and of course staying fit and healthy,\" Coe said.\n\n\"I’ve said it before. \n\n\"Sport is the hidden social worker in many of our neighbourhoods. \n\n\"Disadvantaged families often rely on support that sport gives them, whether it’s in the form of an after-school club, or a charity that caters for the young in the community.\n\n\"Unfortunately, current Government restrictions have meant that many charities and community clubs have been restricted or prevented from providing that support to the people that need it most at a time when they need it the most.\"\n\nCoe also pointed out that children were still attending school and therefore should also be able to participate in sport together outside of a school setting. \n\n\"Many charities and local sports or community clubs operate in a very similar fashion to schools, with vetted, qualified coaches and mentors engaging with children for hours that stretch beyond the average school day,\" he said. \n\n\"They facilitate exercise and improve health and provide support for our youngest when they need it most. \n\n\"There seem to be very few sensible arguments for closing down these charities and club operations when schools remain open.\n\n\"Children being together is either safe, or it is not.\"\n\nSebastian Coe emphasised the importance of sport to young people, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic ©Twitter\n\nWorld Athletics has organised a number of events during the global health crisis, held under strict safety measures.\n\nThe 64-year-old Coe suggested this meant it was possible for smaller organisations to hold events safely too.\n\n\"Those of us that operate in sport and have been staging events, have been doing it successfully and with social distancing,\" he said.\n\n\"World Athletics successfully hosted events this year across the Diamond League and the World Athletics Half Marathon Championships last month.\n\n\"So why can’t charities and community clubs, who have proven they can open safely on a much smaller operation, continue to put on sports safely for the benefit of our less-at-risk children?\"\n\nCoe ended his column by urging the Government to \"re-think\" the restrictive measures on sport.  \n\n\"I’m really hoping our MPs rethink the impact of restricting extra-curricular exercise and sport from the lives of young people, particularly in our poorest communities for which access to sport can often be a very thin but vital line,\" he said.\n\n\"Across the country there is proof that we can conduct children’s sport safely, without being cavalier or causing greater stress on the National Health Service. \n\n\"It’s a problem that can and must be quickly addressed, or we risk an entire generation’s mental and physical health.\" \n\nThe UK has one of the worst death tolls from coronavirus in the world, having reported nearly 1.5 million cases and more than 54,600 deaths.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9962192177772522}
{"content": "Walter Hamilton\n\nWalter C Hamilton served his country in World War II with the 15th SG .\n\n\nBronze Star (BS)\n\nGO: 1553\nTacoma WA\n\n\n\nIf you have more information concerning the service of Walter Hamilton, including pictures, documents and other artifacts that we can add to this record, please Contact Us.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000098943710327}
{"content": "Categoria: Seminari e Convegni\nStato: Archiviata\n4 maggio 2021\n\nAn Elementary Introduction to Social Network for Mathematics Education Research - Domenico BRUNETTO - Politecnico di Milano\n\nore 15:00 on ZOOM\n\nThe last decades have witnessed the spreading of networks in many research fields, such as biology and informatics. The term ’network’ refers to a complex system of objects. Objects are represented as nodes, while their relations are modelled with edges (or links). Objects can be either tangible, belonging to the physical world, such as electric power grids, transportation systems, or abstract, such as networks of biochemical reactions and collaborations between individuals.\nIn this latter case, we refer to them as Social Networks, even though the two terms are used as synonymous.\nIn the first part of this seminar, I present the elementary approach to capture the global properties of such systems: the graph, the adjacency matrix, and the main centrality indices. Then, I focus on community detection, a powerful tool for understanding the functioning of the network and the hierarchy of connections within a complex architecture. For example, tightly connected groups of nodes in a social network may represent individuals belonging to social communities and clusters in cellular and genetic networks are somehow related to functional modules. In particular, I report the use of modularity for identifying the communities within a criminal network.\nIn the second part of the seminar, I resort to the technique above to describe and analyse the attitudes of a set of students within a Mathematics Education research. More precisely, I propose a strategy to identify clusters of students with similar attitudes towards mathematics and its learning resorting to their answers to qualitative questionnaires.\nFinally, I report the main results of such an approach within two research projects concerning undergraduate Engineering students. The first investigates the relationship between their attitudes towards digital resources (e.g. MOOCs) and mathematics. The second one investigates the perceived importance of the resources.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9994204640388489}
{"content": "The War Against What Is a Variable in Math\n\n\n\nDon’t hurry, there’s no time limit. statistics homework help A typical task in math is to compute what is referred to as the absolute value of a specific number. Even though it has become the most typical kind of average, the median may also be utilised to express the average of a group.\n\nTo put it differently, the derivative must be a continuous function. Assuming you have a user’s permission, it is rather simple to share some activities automatically. They must refer to the specific same object.\n\nThere are several methods for writing an identity function. Should you do a search on the phrase learning objective, you’re likely to discover a lot of partially overlapping definitions and at times contradictory ones. There is an assortment of ways variables can be described in keeping with the ways they are occasionally studied, measured, and presented.\n\n\n\nGossip, Lies and What Is a Variable in Math\n\nConsequently, math word problems are an excellent way to emphasize the significance of math in everyday life. Then the math is done to be in a position to create a number. An individual has to be sound in mathematics to be able to begin machine learning.\n\nIn your very first semester you received the subsequent grades. Variables are indispensable for computer programs to acquire the job finished. He also provides praise if the student beat the previous score or encouragement if the student failed to beat the previous score.\n\nThe duality of absolute value produces this concept problematic and difficult to grasp for students. If you purchase a statement such as this, it normally suggests that the equation has infinitely many solutions. You’ve got many choices to choose from.\n\nUtilizing a goal setting worksheet is able to help you stay focused on your targets and provide you with an opportunity to reward yourself for achieving them. It’s a limited array of applications in model theory. It is normal for variables to play distinctive roles in exactly the same mathematical formula and names or qualifiers are introduced to distinguish them.\n\nAdditionally, there are math problems classified as addition complications, subtraction difficulties, multiplication difficulties and division troubles. Factoring provides you the ability to discover solutions to complex polynomials. It gives you the ability to locate solutions to complex polynomials.\n\nYou are going to need slightly more manipulation than that. The dependent variable is the sum of plant development. Both result in an appropriate outcome.\n\nThe Most Popular What Is a Variable in Math\n\n\nThe One Thing to Do for What Is a Variable in Math\n\nMath Parameters can be used to create complex values which take under consideration multiple channels. Scope denotes the ability to access the contents of a particular variable at a certain point in the program. Variables should always begin with a letter.\n\nTesting set is crucial to validate our results. Edge cases for this could consist of negative numbers and so on. Multiply the prior cell of Column B by the range of information points.\n\nThe Good, the Bad and What Is a Variable in Math\n\nA circle with a bigger diameter is likely to have a bigger circumference. To begin with, you want to comprehend your squares. Set the values of both variables you want to correlate into two columns of the precise length.\n\nThe What Is a Variable in Math Cover Up\n\nBear in mind that variables that need runtime initialization can’t be marked constant since there’s a shop to the variable. A sample implementation is provided below. Neither is a full code.\n\nSometimes you are going to be given more than 1 variable and asked to fix the equation. In a function it is located next to and in front of the variable. In addition, the major coefficient will inform you which direction the graph will face.\n\nSome particular coefficients that happen frequently in mathematics have gotten a name. An inconsistent equation causes a false statement. They are values that can be changed in a given equation or experiment.\n\nPicking out the ideal pump may be an extremely substantial decision in some particular settings. It’s a true thing, and you may have a use for it. It is really very straightforward.\n\nWhat Is a Variable in Math Options\n\nNumbers might appear abstract, so utilize anything visual that you’re able to as a way to come across the point across. The second blonde replies this info isn’t sufficient to decide on the age of each kid. This graph will be a horizontal line.\n\nIn the next two examples you’re likely to have a number in the front part of the algebra within the bracket. It may have a lengthy time to debug such errors. This table lists the permitted values for every one of the 3 characters.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7366960048675537}
{"content": "Honorable Mention\n2021 Skyscraper Competition\n\nYao Junji, Liu Yuxi, An Peiyan, Chen Yuxuan, Huang Yunting\n\nThe development of modern civilization has increasingly detached human beings from their natural attributes. Pollution, the fast pace of life, the unprecedented amount of information, the complexity of social relationships, changes in work and rest patterns, and differences in consumer orientation have all contributed to the gradual increase and worsening of mental illness. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 poses a huge challenge to world health, both physically and psychologically. Researchers found from patient health records that within 14 days to 90 days after the diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia, 18% of patients or seemingly normal individuals were diagnosed with mental health problems. The results of this clinical study indicate that in the next few months or more, due to the global pandemic, it is likely to cause a “tsunami-like” outbreak of mental health problems and psychiatric disorders.\n\nAmong multiple mental health problems, dysthymic disorder is characterized by high prevalence, high relapse rate, high disability rate, high suicide rate, and high disease burden, which refers to significant and persistent emotional changes caused by various reasons, including depression, bipolar disorder, etc., mainly manifested as emotional highs or lows, accompanied by corresponding cognitive and behavioral changes. Meanwhile, other psychological problems or diseases are often accompanied by emotional cognitive impairment, emotional loss of control, and other emotional problems.\n\nIn China, the number of people who receive reasonable treatment for dysthymic disorder is low due to limited treatment means, shortage of medical resources, social prejudice, and lack of patient awareness. In Hong Kong, a quarter of people are facing anxiety and depression, 2.5 times the global average, due to a variety of historical, economic, and social reasons. 61% of Hong Kong adults are experiencing poor mental health, and roughly 18% require psychological treatment, while the current state of public opinion and the state of mental health care resources are not promising.\n\nThe high-rise building is designed to meet the needs of general psychological counseling and treatment while targeting the common emotional issues in psychological problems and to achieve immersive treatment through information exchange and interaction between the building space and the users. It will also serve as an activity center integrating counseling,\ntherapy, recreation, and entertainment, becoming part of the daily life of Hong Kong residents, popularizing mental health knowledge, and breaking down social prejudices. The same experience will be applied to the construction of mental health treatment resources in other regions around the world.\n\nComments are closed.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.971335232257843}
{"content": "Slovenia has a population of 2 million people, and a land mass of 20 000 km2. Life expectancy is 80 years, and with a per capita GDP of USD 25946, the country is classified as a high income country. The country's GDP grew in 2019 with 3.2%, and totaled a nominal value of USD 54.1 billion.\nSlovenia is ranked at place 37 in the World Bank Doing Business Index, out of 190 countries in total. On Transparency International's corruption perception index, Slovenia is ranked at place 35, out of 180 countries in total.\nNorwegian exports to Slovenia in 2020 were NOK 159 million. The same year, Norway imported goods from Slovenia at a value of NOK1.518 billion.\nShort term guarantees\nLong term guarantees\nOECD country index\nEase of doing business\n\nNorwegian foreign trade with Slovenia", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999045729637146}
{"content": "THE MOTHER of a teenager who suffers up to 400 seizures a day is desperately calling for support for the people who help care for him.\n\nDylan Torrance was diagnosed with a condition called partial triplication 15 at the age of three.\n\nThe now 13-year-old’s chromosome mutation is so rare there have only been 18 diagnoses worldwide.\n\nHis mother Janie, of the Lake House Estate in Wanstead, cares for him almost 24 hours a day, as he is unable to eat, speak, or support himself.\n\nShe said: “I knew there was something wrong soon after Dylan was born.\n\n“He would not feed, remained floppy and was uninterested.\n\n“Up until we received the diagnosis we were really in the dark and I was doing a lot of research trying to work out the problem.\n\n“Over the years the doctors have slowly built up a bit of understanding, but there are still a lot of things we don’t know about partial triplication 15.”\n\nMs Torrance does not know exactly what the future holds for Dylan, who also suffers from a severe form of epilepsy called lennox gastaut syndrome.\n\nShe added: “With Dylan it can very worrying in terms of the future.\n\n“He’s changing all the time and sometimes it can be very challenging.\n\n“He is set to try a new medication which hopefully can reduce the severity of his seizures.\n\n“In a particularly bad period, he had 400 seizures in 13 hours - every one of these can be life-threatening.”\n\nAs part of Rare Disease Day this week (February 28) Janie wants to raise awareness of rare diseases like Dylan’s and encourage more people to think about the effects they can have on families.\n\nMs Torrance takes Dylan to Haven House Children’s Hospice in Woodford Green on a weekly basis and has been doing so for the last five years.\n\nThere he receives all the care, treatment, and physiotherapy he needs while she works two days a week as a hairdresser and takes her other 15-year-old son Callum on days out.\n\nThe mother-of-two said: “Haven House is a lifeline to Dylan and my family and I really hope people can support the hospice as part of Rare Disease Day.\n\n“I don’t think people are aware of rare diseases and actually some of them are not that rare, with knowledge at least you can start to build an understanding.\n\n“I’m still trying to find out more answers, I don’t think it’s curable what he has. Our focus is really on symptom management and improving the balance of his medication.\n\n“Despite daily challenges Dylan can still enjoy life, and on good days, he can laugh and smile. I'm positive about life.\n\n“I look at Dylan and I think 'how can I moan about my situation' when my son goes through this every day? He's so positive.”\n\nDirector of care at Haven House Eileen White said: “For children with rare and complex life-limiting conditions it can be very challenging for parents as often there is limited clinical knowledge about the condition and the child’s health can fluctuate rapidly.\n\n“Through a range of services, we provide support to families like Dylan and Janie to help them through the most difficult circumstances imaginable.”\n\nTo donate to Haven House, see the website.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9094151258468628}
{"content": "New York's Cuomo challenges Trump's claim to have the authority to reopen economy - GulfToday\n\n\n\nNew York Governor Andrew Cuomo speaks to the press at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in New York.\n\nNew York Governor Andrew Cuomo said on Tuesday that he would refuse any order by President Donald Trump that would begin the process of reopening the economy before it was safe to do so without reigniting the coronavirus outbreak in his state.\n\nCuomo and the governors of six other northeastern states said on Monday they would formulate a regional plan to gradually lift social-distancing restrictions that have shut down nonessential businesses and schools. Health officials credit the shutdown with slowing the spread of the virus in New York.\n\nOn the Pacific Coast, the governors of California, Oregon and Washington state said they also would take a regional approach, but cautioned that any large-scale reopening would depend on a decline in the rate of spread in their area.\n\nSoon after the announcements, Trump asserted he had the ultimate authority to reopen the largely shuttered economy even though he earlier had deferred to state governors in putting social-distancing orders in place.\n\nAt a Monday briefing, Trump pushed back against the actions of governors in determining when and how to reopen the economy, saying, \"The president of the United States calls the shots.\" He said they could not do anything without his approval.\n\n\"If he ordered me to reopen in a way that would endanger the public health of the people of my state, I wouldn't do it,\" Cuomo said in an interview with CNN, referring to the president.\n\nCuomo said any reopening would have to come in phases and take months to complete. Widespread testing was the key to a successful restart, he said.\n\nThe New York governor, who has made a point of saying policy should be guided by science and not politics, cautioned that a premature order by Trump would set off a federal clash with the states that would end up in court.'\n\nThe wrangling coincides with signs the outbreak has been slowing in New York and other states where it struck early.\n\nCuomo on Monday said \"the worst is over\" for New York, the state hit hardest by the novel coronavirus, as hospitalizations appeared to be reaching a plateau and deaths increased by 671, the lowest daily total in a week.\n\nOn Monday, the United States reported about 1,500 new fatalities, far below last week's running tally of roughly 2,000 deaths every 24 hours. That brought the U.S. death toll from COVID-19, the highly infectious respiratory disease caused by the virus, to more than 23,600 on Monday, out of more than 582,000 known U.S. infections, according to a Reuters tally.\n\n\nRelated articles", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6513810753822327}
{"content": "Jeremy Renner to share custody of daughter in divorce settlement\n\n\nJeremy Renner will share custody of his daughter Ava Berlin with former wife Sonni Pacheco after reaching an agreement in their divorce settlement. The Avengers actor will get joint legal and physical custody of the two-year-old, despite Sonni having asked for primary custody.\n\nAccording to court documents obtained by People, the settlement states that Jeremy will pay $13,000 a month in child support. However he will not pay spousal support to his ex-wife, who claimed that their prenuptial agreement should be voided because it was based on \"fraud\".\n\nThe settlement filing also says that neither Jeremy nor Sonni can make \"derogatory or insulting remarks\" about each other, a significant other or either of their families in front of their daughter. The former couple are also restricted from \"arguing, yelling or using profanity\" aimed at each other when in the company of Ava Berlin.\n\n\n\nJeremy Renner has reached a divorce settlement with Sonni Pacheco\n\nSonni filed for divorce from the American Hustle star in December after just ten months of marriage, citing irreconcilable differences. The model wanted primary physical custody but joint legal custody of their daughter, after claiming her former husband's house is unsafe for the toddler.\n\n\"I have been the parent that cares for Ava on a daily basis,\" she said in the papers. \"[Jeremy] rarely spent one-on-one time with Ava and when he did it's my recollection it was a result of my insistence that he do so.\"\n\nJeremy has stayed tight-lipped about the split but is likely to be pleased with the agreement, as he had pushed for joint custody of his daughter. The 44-year-old is notoriously private about his personal life, and only confirmed that he had married Sonni in September.\n\nHowever the actor has been more forthcoming in talking about Ava, and previously said that he \"really loves\" being a father.\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8500869870185852}
{"content": "Could we travel faster than the speed of light?\n\nUnfortunately no. One of the things which Einstein realised from his theories of relativity is that as any particle of mass increases in speed it also increases in mass. By the time the mass has finally reached the speed of light it would have infinite mass which would mean to get it to that stage would have required an infinite amount of energy and I don’t know about you but there are a definite shortage of infinite energy sources in this universe!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5357632637023926}
{"content": "10 Reasons You’re Not Losing Weight On a Ketogenic Diet\n\nLast Updated on March 4, 2021 by Michael Joseph\n\nMore and more people are using a ketogenic diet in recent times.\n\nWe can find information everywhere about these diets, but not all of it is factual.\n\nFor example, there is a common myth that being on a keto diet almost guarantees weight loss.\n\nHowever, this is very misleading, and it is even possible to gain weight with a ketogenic diet.\n\nThis article explains ten potential reasons why someone may not be losing weight on keto.\n\n1) You’re Eating Too Much Fat\n\nA Man Eating Too Much Fat - Meat, Cheese, Butter.\n\nIt is not difficult to hear claims that we can eat as much fat as we want on a ketogenic diet and still lose weight.\n\nHowever, this is a myth.\n\nFirstly, consuming any macronutrient without restraint will cause problems, and that goes for eating excessive amounts of fat too (1).\n\nCalories are not everything, but they do matter. Overfeeding on fat in a calorie surplus will undoubtedly stall weight loss.\n\nAdditionally, understanding how and why we lose weight is essential. To start with, when we lose weight, our body burns its fat stores.\n\nIn the past, this stored fat provided us with energy in times of famine or when food was short during long, harsh winters. In other words; we used our body fat to provide energy at times when we truly needed it (2).\n\nOn the other hand, if we are consuming surplus amounts of fat and calories every day, we do not need to burn stored body fat. Instead, our body will use the incoming food for energy.\n\nYes, the ketogenic diet is a moderate to high-fat plan, and there is nothing wrong with consuming healthy fats.\n\nBut if we are looking to lose weight, it is better to concentrate on whole foods, and not add large amounts of additional fats (e.g. butter/oil) to our diet.\n\nKey Point: We cannot consume unlimited amounts of a macronutrient on any diet, and that includes fat on keto.\n\n2) Too Many Calories\n\nMany advocates of low carb and ketogenic diets claim that it isn’t necessary to count calories.\n\nFirstly, this is correct, and there is no need to count calories to lose weight successfully (3).\n\nHowever, just because we don’t need to count calories does not mean they are not important.\n\nOften, a diet based on satisfying, nutrient-dense food will help to normalize the amount we eat, and most people won’t need to worry about counting calories.\n\nThat said, if someone is continuously struggling to lose weight on keto, then it is possible that they are simply overeating.\n\nIn this situation, or for anyone who is unsure of the nutritional content of what they’re eating, counting calories may be useful.\n\nKey Point: Weight loss stalls sometimes have a simple explanation: too much food and too many calories.\n\n3) Lack of Sleep\n\nA Woman Suffering From Lack of Sleep Yawning.\n\nWeight loss is not only about what we eat, and it revolves around our whole lifestyle.\n\nNotably, one of the most critical factors is sleep, and a lack of sleep can have several negative impacts relating to our weight loss efforts;\n\n  • Studies show that short sleep duration decreases blood levels of leptin, a satiety hormone that tells the body to stop eating. As a result, food cravings are more likely despite sufficient food intake (4, 5).\n  • Systematic reviews and randomized trials demonstrate that short-sleep duration appears to increase total food intake and caloric consumption (6, 7).\n  • Randomized trials consistently show that short sleep decreases insulin sensitivity, which can eventually lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes (8, 9, 10).\n  • Furthermore, shortened sleep has an adverse impact on metabolism and daily energy expenditure (11, 12).\n\nAs these studies show, sufficient sleep is crucial to successful weight loss. Not sleeping enough means our metabolism slows down, we use less energy, we become more insulin resistant, and we have more cravings for food.\n\nIn other words; the complete opposite of the factors that support healthy and sustainable weight loss.\n\nFor this reason, a well-implemented ketogenic diet (or any other diet) will have limited success if someone is not getting adequate sleep.\n\nKey Point: Sufficient daily sleep is critical for any weight loss plan.\n\n4) Not Doing Enough Exercise\n\nYou may have heard the following expression; “You can’t outrun a bad diet.”\n\nTechnically, we can outrun a bad diet regarding weight, but not so much for overall health.\n\nEither way, this statement implies that nutrition is the most critical aspect of weight loss, which is true.\n\nHowever, even though nutrition is the most considerable factor, exercise can still play an important role.\n\nThis is especially the case for intense resistance training, as research shows that lifting heavy weights increases resting metabolic rate and energy expenditure (13, 14, 15, 16).\n\nAdditionally, exercise helps to build muscle, and a higher proportion of lean body mass slightly increases the metabolic rate (17).\n\nConsidering all the other benefits that physical activity has for our overall health, there is no excuse not to do it.\n\nIn short, anyone struggling to lose weight on a ketogenic diet can only benefit from adding physical exercise to their regime.\n\nKey Point: Physical exercise has many health benefits, and it can support weight loss in combination with a ketogenic diet.\n\n5) You’re Still Eating Too Many Carbs\n\nMixed Fruit On a Plate - Berries, Banana, Kiwi, Watermelon.\n\nThe primary aim of ketogenic diets is to start burning fat for fuel rather than carbohydrate, and this biological state is known as ‘ketosis.’\n\nGenerally speaking, “getting into ketosis” require a very low carbohydrate intake.\n\nTo achieve this, most individuals undertaking the diet aim for around 30 grams of carbs (or less) per day.\n\nWhile not achieving this low level doesn’t mean weight loss can’t occur, it does mean that the diet may not work as it should.\n\nIt is also easy to underestimate the number of carbs (and associated calories) in food.\n\nFor instance, it is not just bread, pasta, and rice that are rich in carbohydrates, but also foods like nuts, root vegetables, and fruit.\n\nOnce again, it may be useful for people unsure about the nutritional values of specific foods to track what they are eating.\n\nThere are many ways to do this, and the ‘My Fitness Pal’ app is one (of many) good options.\n\nKey Point: It is easy to eat more carbohydrates than expected, and this can potentially stall weight loss efforts on a keto diet.\n\n6) You’re Eating the Wrong (Non-Satiating) Foods\n\nA ketogenic diet in itself is not inherently healthy or unhealthy, and it depends on the specific foods someone is eating.\n\nFor instance, a diet consisting of only bacon cooked in soybean oil would be “ketogenic.” I love bacon, but this would be far from healthy.\n\nOn the other hand, if we eat the right, nutrient-dense foods then not only does that support health, but it may also support weight loss.\n\nSome interesting research has examined whether more nutritious foods have a more significant effect on satiety, and it appears they do;\n\n  • In a randomized trial featuring obese participants, higher calcium and dairy intake increased circulating levels of peptide YY. Peptide YY is a satiety hormone that decreases appetite (18).\n  • The satiety response to a meal can be modified depending on the protein, fiber, and nutrient values of the specific foods (19).\n\nOn a ketogenic diet, it is essential to consume enough nutrient-dense, whole foods such as fish, meat, nuts, vegetables, and low-sugar fruits.\n\nOver-consuming isolated sources of fat at the expense of these nutritious foods can negatively impact satiety, which can sabotage weight loss efforts.\n\nSee this ketogenic shopping list for an in-depth list of foods.\n\nKey Point: Not choosing nutrient-dense foods can be a major reason for not losing weight on a keto diet.\n\n7) You’re Not Eating Enough Protein\n\nGrilled Beef Steak With Grilled Vegetables.\n\nWhile on the topic of satiety, it is important to mention dietary protein since it is the most satiating out of the three macronutrients (20).\n\nEnsuring sufficient protein intake should decrease appetite and lower the likelihood of overeating (21).\n\nUnfortunately, fearing protein is a typical mistake people make on ketogenic diets.\n\nFor one thing, research demonstrates that high-protein ketogenic diets can “reduce hunger and lower food intake significantly” (22).\n\nThe reason for this fear of protein is a process called gluconeogenesis (GNG).\n\nGluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that converts non-carbohydrate compounds such as amino acids (proteins) into glucose.\n\nSince glucose is essential for the human body, gluconeogenesis is a crucial process that ensures a consistent supply, even in the absence of dietary carbohydrate. However, the issue is that some people fear too much protein will result in excessive glucose production and being “kicked out” of ketosis.\n\nIt does not work like this, though, and gluconeogenesis is a constant process – whether eating more protein or not. Furthermore, research shows that dietary protein intake contributes “very little” to the body’s glucose supply (23, 24).\n\nKey Point: Higher protein intake on a ketogenic diet appears to have positive impacts on weight loss, and the fears about gluconeogenesis are overplayed.\n\n8) There Is An Underlying Medical Issue\n\nIf someone attempts a genuinely well-implemented ketogenic diet alongside an overall healthy lifestyle and really should be losing weight, but can’t?\n\nIt is just a possibility, but an underlying medical issue is one potential (but rare) issue.\n\nFor instance, certain medical conditions can make weight loss difficult. These conditions include PCOS, hypothyroidism, and Cushing’s syndrome (25, 26, 27).\n\nFor any suspected medical condition, it is important to see a primary care provider at the earliest convenience.\n\nKey Point: Some medical issues can cause weight problems. Anyone suspecting such an issue should consult a trained physician.\n\n9) You’re Drinking Too Many Calories\n\nFat Rich Bulletproof Coffee With Butter and Coconut Oil.\n\nDrinking too many calories covers several of the previous topics, namely;\n\n  • Not consuming the right foods\n  • Too many calories\n  • Too much fat\n\nFor example, bulletproof coffee enjoys popularity with some ketogenic dieters, and it can potentially be an issue.\n\nSure, a buttery, creamy coffee may taste great, and it may even help with satiety for some people.\n\nHowever, if it is a regular thing, using large amounts of butter or cream in hot drinks is likely displacing nutrient-dense food choices.\n\nAdditionally, if adding ad-lib amounts of butter or coconut oil to hot drinks, it is easy to consume an excessive amount of fat/calories without realizing.\n\nMany people who experience weight loss stalls on a keto diet see improvements by cutting down on isolated fats.\n\nKey Point: It is easy to drink too many calories, especially if adding large amounts of butter/oil to drinks.\n\n10) You’re Suffering From Stress\n\nStress is another factor that can positively or negatively affect our overall health, and it is capable of stalling weight loss too.\n\nDuring times of stress, the adrenal glands release a hormone called cortisol (28).\n\nCortisol is a natural hormone that has some short-term benefits, but chronic stress and excessive cortisol release can cause problems.\n\nNotably, elevated cortisol levels increase appetite and energy intake, and they are predictive of weight gain (29, 30).\n\nKey Point: Chronic stress is associated with numerous health issues, and it can lead to weight gain.\n\nFinal Thoughts\n\nAs shown in this article, ketogenic diets are not magical fat loss tools that automatically work for everyone.\n\nThere are right and wrong ways to do the diet, and for anyone considering keto, it is vital to research the diet thoroughly.\n\nA well-formulated ketogenic diet can support healthy and sustainable weight loss.\n\nFor more information, see here: the effectiveness of ketogenic diets for weight loss.\n\nNotify of\nInline Feedbacks\nView all comments", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6229791641235352}
{"content": "On the eve of this week’s European Council meeting, it is hard to predict how much further the eurozone might go in pursuit of economic and political union. \n\nBack in December, Poland fought a rearguard action to ensure that it was not left out of the eurozone’s discussions. The compromise arrived at then was that where the eurozone countries were deciding on emergency action to fight the crisis, they could be left alone to do so; where the eurozone was discussing the future structure and institutional arrangements for economic governance, then those countries that were committed to joining the eurozone should be included.\n\nThis compromise was good enough to ensure that Poland would not be left out of discussions on the fiscal compact. But whether it will be good enough to keep Poland in the conversation in future depends on how far and how fast the eurozone countries go in forging a closer identity.\n\nOn the agenda\n\nPiotr Serafin, Poland’s Europe minister, points out that Herman Van Rompuy, the president of the European Council, has promised that the proposals he put forward this week will be discussed by 27 states.\n\nAsked whether he is worried that Poland is left out of such gatherings as the meeting in Rome last Friday (22 June) between the leaders of Germany, France, Italy and Spain, he responds that it is “only normal” that there are such meetings.\n\n“On the same day, we were in Prague for a meeting of the Visegrad Four,” he points out. Which is an answer of sorts, but nobody would pretend that a meeting with the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia is going to have the same influence on this week’s European Council as the Rome meeting.\n\n\n\nMore from ... Tim King", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.976044237613678}
{"content": "The Government’s Bigfoot Recovery\n\nBecause of the humorous association many people have with Bigfoot, it’s\nalways important to deal carefully with rumors associated with the\ncreature lest speculation be confused with something more.  And yet it’s\nalways hard to dismiss a good rumor that appears substantiated by\nmultiple witnesses outright.  It’s with this asterisk we explore the\nclaim that during the eruption of Mt. St. Helens the government enacted\nan initiative to recover the bodies of several wildlife creatures\nincluding two Sasquatch.\n\nOn May 18, 1980, one of the largest\nvolcanic eruptions ever witnessed by the western world in the past\nhundred years, Mt. St. Helens sent clouds of ash and smoke into the air\nand killed millions of creatures inhabiting the areas of wilderness\nnearby.  In the following weeks federal and state agencies cooperated to\nmake the land habitable again and move to quickly recover the bodies of\nany dead creatures found within the devastated ecosystem nearby.  It\nwas during one of these operations that there is a very prolific legend\nthat two bodies were recovered in the Cowlitz River by the Army Corps of\nEngineers.  Thought at first to be the remains of a large animal of\nsome sort, a helicopter was sent to recover the bodies.  They were\nrushed away.  But the story goes that the team that originally recovered\nthe body said that the creatures they recovered fit the description of\nthe elusive sasquatch.\n\nA similar tale seems to pick up where the\nfirst leaves off.  It seems the pilot of the helicopter was similarly\ndisturbed by the contents of his net that May evening.  Among the\ncreatures that they carried that evening were elk, a bear, some deer,\nand something else that seemed almost too unusual to believe.  The\nreported sasquatch was said to be badly burned to the point of being\npractically unrecognizable.  The creature was simply taken to a disposal\nsight where it was burned along with the other carcasses.  And that is\nwhere the story of the sasquatch bodies of Mt. St. Helens ends.\n\nfrom local Yakima tribes did confirm that the sasquatch or “Oh-Mah” as\nit was called, was seen repeatedly throughout pre-history.  There are\neven stories of limited contact between the Yakima and these mysterious\ncreatures.  For the most part, however, it was understood that the\ninfamous hominid wished to be left alone, and had a reputation as being\nthe watcher of the woods who would care for the area as a gardener would\ncare for his own plants.  But was the eruption of Mt. St. Helens a\nforce too destructive for the Oh-Mah?  Or was this story nothing more\nthan a complete fabrication?  There is a third possibility.  If the\ncreature had been as badly burned as was rumored by witnesses, it is\npossible it could have been falsely identified.  Those involved say it\nwas too human to possibly be just another bear or an injured deer. \nRegardless, this story has clearly established itself as one of the\ngreat tales of bigfoot lore for years and promises to continue for years", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5446536540985107}
{"content": "Getting the Right Stakeholder Feedback at the Right Time\n\nResearch That Works\n\nInnovative approaches to research that informs design\n\nA column by Michael Hawley\nJuly 4, 2011\n\nConsider the following scenario: You are the UX lead on a project. You’ve completed some business intelligence and foundational user research activities to inform a series of brainstorming and idea-generating sessions. Following the brainstorming, you sketched the basis for a design solution in a series of wireframes and presented the concepts to business stakeholders. You have a tight timeline on the project, but you recognize that the stakeholders need to absorb the concepts for a day or two, so they can provide appropriate comments. Following your concept presentation on a Tuesday morning, you told stakeholders to “send me feedback by end of day Thursday.” You walked out of the meeting feeling confident.\n\nIt seemed as though the stakeholders found the concepts and ideas embodied in your wireframes engaging. You were hopeful that stakeholders would provide meaningful comments on your designs—letting you know, for example, whether the designs align with business goals, there are unaddressed requirements, or there are any potential issues with the workflows or navigation.\n\nChampion Advertisement\nContinue Reading…\n\nHowever, when you received their email messages Thursday night, you found little feedback. Plus, the comments you did get were about things like the size of the logo, the language you used in labeling some of the form fields, and opinions about what colors certain items should be. When you’re just at the wireframe stage, this is not the type of feedback you’re looking for! You’ve started to worry that perhaps the stakeholders did not think very critically about the design, so issues might surface later in the project. Now the project is behind schedule, and you’re stressed out. What went wrong?\n\nThe Importance of Stakeholder Feedback\n\nIn the previous scenario, everything started off right. Generating consensus and buy-in from stakeholders is a key to success for most design projects, so you were right to reach out to them. UX professionals are generally wary of stakeholder design, where stakeholders simply tell the UX lead what to put into a design. But you can avoid stakeholder design and still get healthy input from your business and development partners in the design process.\n\nI’ve found that the feedback process works best when you have an opportunity to present your design ideas, then give stakeholders the opportunity to absorb the concepts and details inherent in your design. This may take some extra time in the project schedule, but it’s worth it to allow stakeholders to thoughtfully review the designs and potentially review them with other colleagues. Plus, setting specific deadlines is good project management and helps keep momentum on a project going.\n\nThe breakdown in this scenario occurred when the UX lead simply asked stakeholders to “send me feedback.” That simple instruction reflects many assumptions about stakeholder’s knowledge of the design process, areas of emphasis, and outstanding questions about the design. It’s a common mistake for UX designers, because they are familiar with the design process. Good designers understand how to provide a meaningful critique of creative ideas and recognize what level of feedback is important at various stages of the design process. Because stakeholders have a sense of ownership of a design, UX designers often assume stakeholders have these same skills and can think critically about important aspects of design and provide constructive feedback that would help improve a design. Sometimes this is a safe assumption, but not always.\n\n5 Steps to Better Stakeholder Feedback\n\nFortunately, there are some simple steps UX leads can take to ensure that stakeholder feedback takes an appropriate direction.\n\n  1. Set the context. In my experience, many of the reasons stakeholder feedback and comments are not helpful to designers is because their comments are not appropriate at the current stage of a design process. This is especially true at the beginning of design, when a team should focus on interaction paradigms, high-level concepts, and the overall infrastructure of a design solution. This is not necessarily the fault of the reviewer. They may not be used to looking at low-fidelity wireframes or understand when in the process the team might be able to change certain things.\n\nYou can overcome this challenge by clarifying what is the current stage of your design process and the type of feedback that is most appropriate at that stage. A simple diagram, like that shown in Figure 1, can be very helpful in explaining what is appropriate for the current stage of review and provides a preview of the types of stakeholder feedback that will be most appropriate at later phases.\n\nFigure 1—Right focus of feedback at various stages in design process\nRight focus of feedback at various stages in design process\n  1. Be explicit—to a point. Giving stakeholders an open-ended instruction like “send me feedback by end of day Thursday” may seem like a good way to minimize bias in the solicitation of feedback. However, given the timeframes of projects and the various possible interpretations of these instructions, I’ve found it is most helpful to list key questions or areas that stakeholders should comment on. By asking questions or simply listing areas on which you need feedback, you can guide stakeholders to providing feedback on the highest-priority design issues that need consensus. Examples of some questions might be:\n    • Will the design meet the business goals for the project? Why or why not?\n    • Please comment on the order of the proposed transactional flow.\n    • Are there any parts of the design that would require significantly more development resources than planned?\n    • Are there any design elements that legal should review?\n\nDon’t overwhelm stakeholders with too many questions. Three to five of your most important questions should help focus their feedback. Also, start your questions with a general question about stakeholders’ overall impression of a design. Their overall assessment of the design helps frame their responses to your other questions and gives them the opportunity to highlight their major considerations regarding your design direction.\n\n  1. Allow, but track detailed design feedback separately. While UX designers may get frustrated when they receive feedback relating to design details like colors or line spacing early in the design process, that feedback may ultimately be valuable. Plus, it’s important to give stakeholders an outlet for documenting little design details that are important to them, so they can then move on and look at other elements of a design.\n\nAs part of the feedback process, provide a separate mechanism—in addition to your obtaining answers to your key questions—for stakeholders to provide any comments they would like to make about your design. This can be as simple as your asking an additional question such as Are there any other comments you have about the design? This gives stakeholders an outlet for providing this kind of information and effectively refocuses their attention on the primary questions of interest at the current stage of the design process.\n\n  1. Provide general instructions and examples. One of the biggest frustrations for UX designers is when stakeholders or nondesigners prescribe solutions like “Make the circles all shades of one color” rather than describing an underlying problem—“It’s tough to see trends in the data because there are too many colors.” This is not the fault of the person giving the feedback. Often, stakeholders don’t understand the role of designers in solving design problems and are trying to help.\n\nOn the other hand, frustrations also occur when stakeholders don’t give enough feedback. They may be hesitant about being too critical—perhaps because they don’t understand the design process or simply assume a designer will recognize issues through the course of the project.\n\nThe best way to avoid these types of situations is to give stakeholders explicit instructions when asking for feedback. Your instructions should be brief and to the point, generic enough to avoid bias in relation to a particular design, and include examples where possible. Here is an example of some instructions you might provide:\n\n    • Be honest. Don’t worry about my feelings. If you see something that ’t look quite right, better to tell me now rather than later.\n    • Don’t just say something is good or bad. Tell me why. For example:\n      • Not helpful: This is great!\n      • Helpful: The placement of the controls next to the graphs makes it easy to understand.\n      • Not helpful: It’s too busy.\n      • Helpful: There are a lot of promotional areas on the page, and I am finding it hard to focus on our key message which is…\n    • Describe the problem rather than the solution. There may be multiple solutions to a problem that we can work through together. For example:\n      • Not helpful: Change the color to red.\n      • Helpful: I am having a hard time reading the text against the background.\n      • Not helpful: Move the navigation to the top.\n      • Helpful: I don’t think it’s easy to know where you are in the application.\n  1. Make providing feedback easy. Everyone is busy. In my experience, most stakeholders would prefer that a magical UX designer would read their minds and get everything right without taking any of their time. Although this is unrealistic in most circumstances, as UX designers, we should own the design, value stakeholders’ time, and consult and get feedback from stakeholders as efficiently as possible.\n\nSteps 1–4 outlined some questions and instructions we should include in a request for feedback. However, your request need not be a long, drawn-out form or a multi-page document comprising instructions and lists of questions. Keep your request short and to the point, so your audience will actually read it. For your request’s format, consider using one of the following:\n\n    • online survey—This lets you provide very explicit instructions, ask clear questions, collect feedback in a very consistent manner, and consolidate comments easily, avoiding collections of comments scattered across various email threads. One drawback is that this does take a bit of setup and may not be convenient for stakeholders.\n    • feedback service—Several online tools allow interactive commenting, provide version control, and offer a central place for various stakeholders to view consolidated comments. There are a number of different tools to choose from, offering various features and functions. The article “21 Resources for Getting Design Feedback describes a number of them.\n    • email—Since this is what stakeholders use most often, it’s likely the most convenient option for them. A simple, concise email message asking your key questions and providing clear instructions goes a long way toward avoiding the problems you might encounter if you simply ask stakeholders to “send me feedback by end of day Thursday.”\n\n\nEfficient, effective collaboration between UX designers and stakeholders is an essential ingredient of a successful project. Stakeholders bring their unique perspectives to a project, and their feedback can help a designer understand the design problem space and develop solutions that align with business and technology objectives. But simply asking stakeholders for feedback can lead to misaligned expectations and communication problems. By being thoughtful in how you make your request for feedback and by providing simple questions and instructions, you can ensure that you identify potential risks early in the design process, minimize stress, meet your deadlines, and ultimately design a better solution. \n\nChief Design Officer at Mad*Pow Media Solutions LLC\n\nAdjunct Professor at Bentley University\n\nBoston, Massachusetts, USA\n\n\nOther Columns by Michael Hawley\n\nOther Articles on Design Process\n\nNew on UXmatters", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9075745344161987}
{"content": "Question: How Do You Write Duties And Responsibilities Of A Job Description?\n\nHow do you write job roles and responsibilities?\n\nHow to use a roles and responsibilities templateWrite a job description.\n\n\nInclude a list of responsibilities.\n\nInclude job qualifications and requirements.\n\nOutline who this position reports to..\n\nHow do you define a job description?\n\nA job description or JD is a written narrative that describes the general tasks, or other related duties, and responsibilities of a position. … The analysis considers the areas of knowledge, skills and abilities needed to perform the job.\n\nWhat do you write in a person specification?\n\n\nWhat are some responsibilities?\n\n\nWhat are the major job responsibilities?\n\n\nHow do you write duties on a resume?\n\nAdd a job description to the top half of the first page on your resume. … Include a suitable amount of relevant experiences. … Begin each description with essential information about the job and company. … Emphasize accomplishments over work duties. … Use action-benefit statements to describe your achievements.More items…•\n\nHow do you write a job specification?\n\nHow to Write a Job DescriptionJob Title. Make your job titles specific. … Job Summary. Open with a strong, attention-grabbing summary. … Responsibilities and Duties. Outline the core responsibilities of the position. … Qualifications and Skills. Include a list of hard and soft skills.\n\nWhat do you write in a job description?\n\n\nHow do you write a good job description?\n\n\nHow do I describe my skills on a resume?\n\nTo include skills on a functional resume, create a separate skill section that lists your successes with key skills relevant to the position for which you’re applying. Any professional experience you do have should go below your skills section.\n\nHow do you write a compelling job description?\n\n14 Secrets Behind Writing a Compelling Job DescriptionInclude an introduction. Try to accurately describe the job in a few sentences. … Highlight “must haves” … Use an impersonal tone. … Use action words. … Include employment terms. … Mention location or potential relocation. … Don’t refer to people by name. … Avoid using company jargon.More items…\n\nWhat is your roles and responsibilities?\n\n\nWhat is job specification example?\n\nTypically, that includes the qualifications, skills and personal traits you need to be successful. … In the job specification, you’ll see things such as educational requirements, training, technical skills, experience and an personality traits they company desires for the person filling the role.\n\nWhat are the 5 roles of an effective team?\n\n\nWhat is job description and specification?\n\nJob description: usually contains general information about the job itself, including the title, location, summary, duties, working conditions, who the person would report to, etc. Job specification: lists out the educational qualifications, training, experience, skills, and competencies, etc.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999841451644897}
{"content": "Shear Magic Nail Clippers Guillotine for Small Dogs\n\nNail trimming is an important part of regular grooming. The Shear Magic Nail Trimmers for Small Dogs help trim and maintain your dog's nails at a comfortable length. They are an easy to use guillotine style. NOTE: This implement is extremely sharp. Use with care. Hold paw firmly while trimming. Cut through the nail with a single stroke. Make sure to avoid cutting the nail blood vessel (the quick). For animals with darker nails, the quick is more visible from the underside of the nail. Applying baby oil to nails prior to cutting will make it easier to see the quick. If the nails are long, cut off a small amount first. Repeat the process 10 days later, and so on, until the nails are the correct length. Do not cut off too much at one time. Trim monthly thereafter. To reduce how often you need to trim nails exercise dogs regularly on hard surfaces, e.g. concrete or road\n\nFrontline Plus Dog Small Orange 3pk (< 10kg)\nSera Discus Granules 48g\nNylabone Dental Treat Puppy Bone Dbl Act - Reg\nKong Classic Red Extra Large", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8271775841712952}
{"content": "CLL remains an incurable disease that requires innovative new approaches to improve therapeutic outcome. Honokiol is a natural product known to possess potent anti-neoplastic and anti-angiogenic properties. We examined whether Honokiol can overcome apoptotic resistance in CLL cells. Honokiol induces caspase-dependent cell death of CLL cells, characterized by an increase in Annexin V positive, propidium iodide negative cells that was blocked by the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk. Further evidence for Honokiol-induced apoptosis of CLL cells was confirmed by an increase in caspase 3 activity and cleavage of PARP. In addition, Honokiol demonstrated an LC50 that was lower for CLL cells than for normal mononuclear cells, suggesting that CLL cells are more susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of Honokiol compared to normal hematopoietic cells. To determine whether Honokiol-induced apoptosis of CLL cells was associated with known positive therapeutic effects, we examined mcl-1 expression, a survival protein whose down-regulation is associated with response to treatment in CLL patients. Honokiol treatment of CLL cells resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of mcl-1 within 24 hours. Furthermore, CLL cells pre-treated with IL-4, a cytokine known to support CLL survival, underwent apoptosis when subsequently incubated with Honokiol, indicating that Honokiol could also overcome the pro-survival effects of IL-4. These data indicate that Honokiol is a potent inducer of apoptosis in CLL cells and should be examined for further clinical application.\n\nAuthor notes\n\nCorresponding author", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.934009313583374}
{"content": "Rhyming the National Spirit: Taras Shevchenko and Ilia Chavchavadze\n\nMetreveli, Tornike (7 May 2015). Rhyming the National Spirit: Taras Shevchenko and Ilia Chavchavadze (Unpublished). In: 39th IARCEES Annual Conference - Memories and Identities in Central and Eastern Europe. Tinity College, Dublin, Ireland. 07.05.-10.05.2015.\n\nOfficial URL: http://www.iarcees.org/\n\nThe paper is a comparative inquiry into the roles of Ilia Chavchavadze (1837-1907) and Taras Shevchenko (1818-1861) as national poets and anti-colonial (anti-Tsarist) intellectuals within the context of their respective national traditions (Georgia and Ukraine). During the period of their activity (19th and the beginning of 20th century) both Ukraine and Georgia were under Tsarist imperial rule, albeit the two poets lived in different periods of Russian empire history. Through their major works, each called on their communities to ‘awaken’ and ‘revolt’ against oppression, rejected social apathy caused by Tsarist subjugation and raised awareness about the historical past of their nations. The non-acceptance of present and belief in an independent future was one of the dominant themes in the poetry and prose of both. Their contemporary importance is illustrated in political discourse both after Orange Revolution in Ukraine (2004), and Rose Revolution in Georgia (2003) where both poets are referred “as founding fathers of national ideology”, the history textbooks alluding to them as “symbols of anti-colonial resistance”.\nTo this day, however, there has been surprisingly little academic writing in the West endeavoring to compare the works and activities of the two poets and their impact on national mobilization in Tsarist Ukraine and Georgia, even though their countries are often mentioned in a same breath by commentators on contemporary culture and politics. The paper attempts to fill this gap and tries to understand the relationship between literature and social mobilization in 19th century Russian Empire. By reflecting on Taras Shevchenko’s and Ilia Chavchavadze’s poetry, prose and social activism, I will try to explain how in different periods of Russian imperial history, the two poets helped to develop a modern form of political belonging among their compatriots and stimulated an anti-colonial mobilization with different political outcomes.\nTo theorize on the role of poets and novelists in anti-colonial national movement, I will reflect on the writings of Benedict Anderson (1991), John Hutchinson (1994; 1999), Rory Finnin (2005; 2011) and problematize Miroslav Hroch’s (1996) three phase model of the development of national movements. Overall, the paper would aim to show the importance of, what John Hutchinson called, ‘cultural nationalists’ in understanding contemporary nationalist discourse in Georgian and Ukrainian societies.\n\nItem Type:\n\nConference or Workshop Item (Paper)\n\n\n\nUniBE Contributor:\n\nMetreveli, Tornike\n\n\n300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology\n300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology > 390 Customs, etiquette & folklore\n800 Literature, rhetoric & criticism > 890 Other literatures\n\n\n\n\nTornike Metreveli\n\nDate Deposited:\n\n27 Apr 2015 11:03\n\nLast Modified:\n\n27 Apr 2015 11:03\n\nAdditional Information:\n\nVortragsdatum unsicher\n\n\n\nActions (login required)\n\nEdit item Edit item\nProvide Feedback", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.812235951423645}
{"content": "Police are appealing for witnesses after a teenager was robbed in the Wolverton area of Milton Keynes.\n\nThe incident happened around 4.10pm on Sunday (18/4), when the victim, a 16-year-old boy, was walking with his bike under the bridge from Wolverton to Bradville near to the underpass on Grafton Street.\n\nHe was pushed to the floor by someone behind him. One offender then attempted to steal the victim’s phone whilst two other people stole his bike. The offenders ran off in the direction of Randolph Lane.\n\nThe first offender is described as a white man, around 5ft 9ins tall and slim. He was wearing white jeans, a grey hooded top with the hood up, red shoes and a surgical face mask.\n\nThe other two offenders also had their hoods up and were wearing surgical face masks.\n\nInvestigating officer Detective Constable Sebastian Kuzoe, based at Milton Keynes police station, said, “I am appealing for any witnesses to this incident, or anyone who saw anyone matching the description of the offenders in the area at the time, to please get in touch.\n\n“If you have any information please call 101 or report online quoting reference 43210163651.\n\n“You can also report 100% anonymously by calling Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.”", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5775770545005798}
{"content": "Kids: July 24, 2018\n\n\nKids: July 24, 2018\n\nWarm up: \n\n4 Station Relay:\n\nSet up four cones in a diamond pattern.  Divide class into four groups and line them up behind each of the four cones.  The first player in line at cones 1 and 3 start with a baton.  On “Go”, players holding the baton run and hand off to the player at the next cone before going to the end of that line.  The batons and players advance around the cones until one baton catches the other or time is called.  You can vary methods of traveling between cones (skip, bear crawl, backpedal, etc).  With a smaller group, you can divide the class in half at cones 1 and 3 and have them run past cones 2 and 4 on their way to the other side.\n\nSkill work:\n\nFood is Fuel: Even for Kids, it’s important to start to understand how different foods help our bodies to be healthy and strong: Foods like Carbohydrates and Fats help give our body energy.  Protein helps repair damage and build muscle.  Learning what foods are good sources for Protein, Carbohydrate, and Fat will help us make good choice about what to eat throughout the day.  To practice this, table three cones (or boxes or whatever is convenient) as each of the three macronutrient groups.  Athletes start on a line.  When the trainer calls out a food item (broccoli, fish, avocado, etc), athletes run to the place that they feel best represents the macronutrient category of that food.  Feel free to discuss briefly between rounds and remember that some foods are significant sources of more than one macronutrient group.\n\n\n\n10-20 Rope Jumps\n\n8 Push Ups\n\n6 Handstand Kick Ups or Donkey Kicks\n\n4 Air Squats", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9869354963302612}
{"content": "Does the color of the plate influence your diet?\n\nAn investigation of the Cornell University reveals that the color of the plate influences the consumption of food, since the contrast of the food with the tonality of the dishes makes you eat less.\n\nThe researchers Brian Wansink and Koert van Ittersum they point out that the different tonality between the food and the dish, and even the tablecloth, creates an optical illusion called Delboeuf.\n\nIn the study, the cases of 70 people who attended a meeting at the University of New York were analyzed. They were given white and red plates, so that they would serve pasta with tomato (red) or Alfredo sauce (white).\n\nThose who drank white pasta in a plate of the same color consumed 22% more product than those who had a different tone of the food.\n\nEven the researchers mention that the same illusion is generated with the color of the tablecloth, so the contrast with the plate and food makes people serve 10% less, as explained below:\n\nOn the other hand, Wansink and van Ittersum confirm that when eating on a large plate, the portions look smaller, which increases the food intake.\n\nSo if you want to maintain a healthy weight, the researchers recommend you choose small dishes, a color that contrasts with most of your recipes.\n\nYou can also take advantage of this discovery in your favor, since to increase the consumption of vegetables you can serve them in a green dish. And you, do you eat dishes of the same color as your food?\n\nVideo Medicine: Does the Color of Your Plate Affect How Much You Eat? - The Diet Free Zone Show (May 2021).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8519212007522583}
{"content": "Thursday, 06 February 2020 13:33\n\nNew use for CO2 in beverage, food sectors for CSIRO developed technology Featured\n\n\nThe CSIRO has developed new technology which can be used to pull cabon dioxide (CO2) out of the atmosphere and put it into beer and other beverages.\n\nThe CSIRO, Australia’s national science agency, says development of the new technology - called Airthena - comes at a time when CO2 levels in the atmosphere are increasing, and there have been shortages in industrial supplies of the gas over the past decade, impacting on fizzy beverage supply and food production.\n\nCO2 is in global demand for purposes ranging from making fizzy beverages to food packaging and controlling the atmosphere in agricultural greenhouses.\n\nThe new technology was developed by the CSIRO in partnership with Monash University, Energy Infrastructure and Resources and H2H Energy, with the collaboration and development of Airthena supported by $725,000 from the Science and Industry Endowment Fund.\n\nThe technology draws on recent breakthroughs in advanced filtration methods to solve challenges around the water-food-energy nexus including sustainable resources, and environmental value and resilience.\n\nAirthena captures CO2 directly from the air using tiny sponges known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and can be scaled up for commercial production.\n\nCSIRO project lead, Aaron Thornton, said the solution had broad applications across a wide range of industries.\n\n\n“It also provides a more reliable source of CO2 for use in small-scale applications ranging from beverage carbonation to controlling pH in swimming pools, and industrial cleaning.”\n\nThe CSIRO says a common method companies currently use to generate CO2 onsite relies on burning natural gas, which is subject to market price and supply fluctuations.\n\nCO2 can also be bought from a supplier, which can involve expensive long-distance transportation and be prone to shortages.\n\nAirthena only needs about two kilowatt-hours of electricity per kilogram of CO2, equal to around 20 cents per kilogram at minimum solar energy prices of $0.1 per kilowatt-hour at its current scale.\n\nJon Murphy, General Manager of Murphyfresh Hydroponics, which uses CO2 in their greenhouses to grow tomatoes and other produce, said: “We spend a lot of money on buying in carbon dioxide, so we’re eager to see a new technology that can deliver CO2 on-site, on-demand”.\n\nAirthena is capable of capturing two tonnes of CO2 from the atmosphere a year, making it suitable for small-scale applications right now, but Dr Thornton says it is scalable.\n\nDr Thornton said that while Airthena won’t make any immediate impact on cutting global CO2 emissions due to its scale, it will help businesses with a more reliable source of the gas for their everyday operations, while reducing their carbon footprint.\n\n“We are now exploring options for taking Airthena to market, which include reducing the cost of the unit for small scale applications and having it tested to ensure it meets food quality standards, or working with the food production industry to scale up the technology for larger applications,” Dr Thornton said.\n\nThe CSIRO says Airthena could also be valuable for the chemicals industry which use CO2 as a feedstock for making other compounds and materials such as methanol and methane.\n\nSubscribe to ITWIRE UPDATE Newsletter here\n\n\nThe much awaited iTWire Shop is now open to our readers.\n\n\n\nProducts available for any country.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPeter Dinham\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGuest Opinion\n\nGuest Reviews\n\nGuest Research\n\nGuest Research & Case Studies\n\nChannel News", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5015009045600891}
{"content": "minimum wage discuss\n\n  • Chapter 1: What is a minimum wage: 1.1 Definition and purpose\n\n    Minimum wages have been defined as \"the minimum amount of remuneration that an employer is required to pay wage earners for the work performed during a given period, which cannot be reduced by collective agreement or an individual contract\". 1 This definition refers to the binding nature of ...\n\n  • Advantages and Disadvantages of Minimum Wage | ROM .\n\n    Sep 20, 2017 · Minimum wage functions similarly to a price floor so that Wm (the minimum wage) is greater than the equilibrium wage W0. At Wm, quantity demanded of labour is lower than the quantity supplied of labour, and the distance between them is known as unemployment in the labour market. Imposing a wage level higher than the equilibrium wage level will ...\n\n  • The Advantages & Disadvantages of Minimum Wage | Career .\n\n    Since the minimum wage only lets the agreeable pay rate go so low, the experienced and perhaps more deserving worker will not lose the job simply because someone else will do it cheaper. Sharing Of Wealth. The minimum wage forces wealthy companies to share more of the money they make with the people who helped them make it.\n\n  • Minimum Wage - Pros & Cons\n\n    May 09, 2019 · The federal minimum wage was introduced in 1938 during the Great Depression under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. It was initially set at $0.25 per hour and has been increased by Congress 22 times, most recently in 2009 when it went from $6.55 to $7.25 an hour. 29 states plus the District of Columbia (DC) have a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum wage. 1.8 million .", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.999954104423523}
{"content": "NES Tetris Players Call It 'Rolling,' And They're Setting New World Records\n\nA new way to play NES Tetris has recently been discovered, and it’s leading to new world records. The new strat involves rolling your fingers on the controller while applying pressure to the d-pad. Sounds a bit strange, but it’s already got the attention of players looking to improve their game.\n\n\nA video posted by YouTuber aGamescout last week goes over “rolling,” a new way to play NES Tetris.\n\nBefore rolling, there were two ways pros played Tetris on NES to achieve records or win competitions. “DAS” is just the standard way to play Tetris, using the d-pad to move pieces left and right. But another way to play is called “hypertapping.” This involves hitting the d-pad with lots of quick presses, resulting in faster movement. While this method is effective, it took the community a long time to fully embrace it. It wasn’t until 2018, after a young player won a prestigious competition using hypertapping, that more players starting using it. Now, in 2021, its become the most popular movement technique among top pros. But hypertapping is hard to master and can quickly strain your muscles and fingers, or even cause minor hand injuries.\n\nEnter Tetris player Cheez_Fish, who in late 2020 began experimenting with a new style of hitting the d-pad. Inspired by some other quick tapping techniques created by speedrunners and high-score players, Cheez_Fish began trying to figure out a way to roll their fingers across the d-pad in a smooth, continuous motion. This could, in theory, be faster and easier on the hands.\n\nEventually, in November 2020, Cheez_Fish figured out that they could roll their fingers on the back of the controller while pressing the d-pad buttons in the desired direction using a slight amount of pressure. Done properly, this allowed Cheez_Fish to move pieces in NES Tetris faster than anyone had done using hypertapping. And now, in 2021, they have set records and won tournaments using this technique.\n\nOther players have noticed and have begun trying to learn how to roll. One player, TegaMech, created a version of rolling that used his foot to hold the controller steady.\n\n\nFor now rolling isn’t widely used, but as more players look to increase their skills and move up the rankings, this new method could be a big way to get better at Tetris on NES without having to potentially injure yourself in the process.\n\n\n\nThis is actually really impressive. They’re reaching speeds of up to 20 Hz, so around 1200 APM, at their peak. Maintaining precision using this technique seems incredibly finicky, but apparently it’s easier to master than hypertapping. Pretty weird to see innovations like this decades after the game’s release tbh, but this discovery makes me wonder if there are other NES games where this could be used.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9859501123428345}
{"content": "10 Most Famous Paintings In The World\n\n\nSome of the best known paintings in the world were created during the Renaissance, a cultural movement in Europe that spanned roughly from the 14th century to the 17th century; and was marked by renewed interest in the culture of the ancient Greeks and the ancient Romans. The most famous Renaissance paintings include The Creation of Adam of Michelangelo; The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli; and Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. Modern Art began in France in the 1850s and later spread to other nations. The Realists portrayed, with uncompromising truth and accuracy, the people and situations of the present. Realism was followed by Impressionism, another French movement, which focused on capturing the momentary effect of a scene rather than accurately depicting it. This was followed by various innovations in the 20th century including Cubism which was characterized by the use of geometric planes and shapes. Modern Art saw unparalleled development in the art world and some of the best known paintings were produced by artists of this age. These include The Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh, Picasso’s Guernica, Dali’s The Persistence of Memory and The Scream by Edvard Munch. Here are the 10 most famous paintings in the world.\n\n\n#10 Les Demoiselles d’Avignon\n\nEnglish Title: The Young Ladies of Avignon\n\nLocation: Museum of Modern Art, New York City\n\nArtist: Pablo Picasso\n\nYear: 1907\n\nLes Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) - Pablo Picasso\nLes Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) – Pablo Picasso\n\nOriginally titled Le Bordel d’Avignon (The Brothel of Avignon), this revolutionary masterpiece is considered one of the most influential paintings of 20th century as it played a key role in the development of both Cubism and Modern art. It was a radical departure from traditional European painting. Pablo Picasso used different styles to depict each figure in the painting with the head of the women pulling the curtain in upper right being the most strictly Cubist element. The painting was controversial not only for its radical style but also for its subject. It was first exhibited to the public in 1916 and its title was changed to lessen its scandalous impact. The Avignon of the work’s title is a reference to a street in Barcelona famed for its brothel. The artwork depicts five nude female prostitutes in a disconcerting confrontational manner. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon is considered by many as the most important work of Pablo Picasso.\n\n#9 The Birth of Venus\n\nLocation: Uffizi Gallery, Florence\n\nArtist: Sandro Botticelli\n\nYear: 1486\n\nThe Birth of Venus (1486) - Botticelli\nThe Birth of Venus (1486) – Sandro Botticelli\n\nSandro Botticelli’s Primavera and The Birth of Venus are among the most famous paintings in the world, and icons of the Italian Renaissance. As depictions of subjects from classical mythology on a very large scale they were virtually unprecedented in Western art since classical antiquity. Of the two, the Birth of Venus is even more popular. At its center is the newly born Venus, the Greek goddess whose functions encompass love, beauty, desire, sex and fertility. She is arriving at the shore after her birth having emerged from the sea fully-grown. She stands nude in a giant scallop shell. At the left the wind god Zephyr blows at her. At the right Hora of Spring, a minor Greek goddess, holds out a rich cloak to cover her naked body. Unlike Primavera, the Birth of Venus depicts a traditional scene from Greek mythology and it is thus not as difficult to decipher. Its enormous popularity lies in its visual appeal.\n\n#8 Girl with a Pearl Earring\n\nLocation: Mauritshuis Museum, The Hague\n\nArtist: Johannes Vermeer\n\nYear: c. 1665\n\nGirl with a Pearl Earring - Johannes Vermeer\nGirl with a Pearl Earring (1665) – Johannes Vermeer\n\n\n#7 Las Meninas\n\nEnglish Title: The Maids of Honour\n\nLocation: Museo del Prado, Madrid\n\nArtist: Diego Velazquez\n\nYear: 1656\n\nLas Meninas by Velazquez\nLas Meninas (1656) – Diego Velazquez\n\n\n#6 The Persistence of Memory\n\nLocation: Museum of Modern Art, New York City\n\nArtist: Salvador Dali\n\nYear: 1931\n\nThe Persistence of Memory (1931) - Salvador Dali\nThe Persistence of Memory (1931) – Salvador Dali\n\nThis iconic and much-reproduced painting depicts a scene with watches melting slowly on rocks and the branch of a tree; with the ocean as a back drop. Salvador Dali uses the concept of hard and soft in this painting. This concept may be illustrated in a number of ways like the human mind moving from the softness of sleep to the hardness of reality. In his masterpiece, Dali uses melting watches and rocks to represent the soft and hard aspects of the world respectively. The Persistence of Memory has been much analyzed over the years as Dali never explained his work. The melting watches have been thought to be an unconscious symbol of the relativity of space and time; as a symbol of mortality with the ants surrounding the watches representing decay; and as irrationality of dreams. The Persistence of Memory is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of 20th century art. It is not only the most famous painting of Salvador Dali but also the most renowned artwork of the entire Surrealism art movement.\n\n#5 The Scream\n\nLocation: National Gallery, Oslo\n\nArtist: Edvard Munch\n\nYear: 1893\n\nThe Scream - Edvard Munch\nThe Scream (1893) – Edvard Munch\n\nEdvard Munch was a Norwegian artist who was involved in the influential German modern art movement Expressionism. The Expressionists aimed to express the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality. The Scream is the most famous work of not only Munch but the entire movement. It shows a figure with an agonized expression against a landscape with a tumultuous orange sky. Munch created four versions of the work between 1893 and 1910. Their original title is Der Schrei der Natur (The Scream of Nature). Since the late 20th century, The Scream has been widely imitated and parodied in popular culture making it one of the best known paintings. It has appeared in advertising, films, television, etc. It was also a target of several high-profile art thefts. Two of its versions were stolen at some point but were later recovered. The Scream has been described as “an icon of modern art, a Mona Lisa for our time.”\n\n#4 The Creation of Adam\n\nLocation: Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling, Vatican City\n\nArtist: Michelangelo Buonarroti\n\nYear: 1512\n\nThe Creation of Adam (1512) - Michelangelo\nThe Creation of Adam (1512) – Michelangelo\n\nThe work done by Michelangelo on the Sistine Chapel ceiling is a cornerstone of Renaissance art and The Creation of Adam is the most famous fresco panel of the masterpiece. The painting illustrates the Biblical creation narrative from the Book of Genesis in which God breathes life into Adam, the first man. God is depicted as an elderly white-bearded man wrapped in a swirling cloak while Adam, on the lower left, is completely nude. There has been much analysis of the painting and, among other things, it has been found that the shapes portrayed behind the figure of God are an anatomically accurate picture of the human brain; the red cloth around God has the shape of a human uterus; and the green scarf is thought to be a newly cut umbilical cord. The Creation of Adam is the best known Renaissance painting after Mona Lisa; and along with The Last Supper, it is the most replicated religious painting of all time. The image of the near-touching hands of God and Adam has become iconic of humanity and has been imitated and parodied innumerable times.\n\n#3 The Starry Night\n\nLocation: Museum of Modern Art, New York City\n\nArtist: Vincent Van Gogh\n\nYear: 1889\n\nDe sterrennacht\nThe Starry Night (1889) – Vincent Van Gogh\n\nVan Gogh, who had a struggle with mental illness, admitted himself to the Saint-Paul asylum in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence in France on 8th May 1889. Although painted during the day, this masterpiece depicts the night view outside the window of Van Gogh’s room at the asylum. The Starry Night shows the artist’s interest in astronomy and a study made by the Griffith Park Observatory demonstrated that Vincent represented the Moon, Venus, and several stars in the exact position they occupied that clear night. The painting has been much analyzed with various art historian finding different symbolic elements in it. The Starry Night is one of the most recognized paintings in the history of western art. It has been widely referenced in popular culture including in a well known song by Don McLean titled “Vincent”. It is definitely the most famous painting by Vincent Van Gogh and it is regarded as one of the greatest works in modern art.\n\n#2 Guernica\n\nLocation: Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid\n\nArtist: Pablo Picasso\n\nYear: 1937\n\nGuernica (1937) - Pablo Picasso\nGuernica (1937) – Pablo Picasso\n\nGuernica is a town in northern Spain. On 26th April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, Guernica was bombed by Nazi German and Fascist Italian warplanes on request of Spanish Nationalists. Picasso created this masterpiece in response to the bombing of Guernica. It brought worldwide attention to the Spanish Civil War and is considered one of the most powerful anti-war paintings in history. There have been numerous interpretations of Guernica since its creation. On the left of the canvas, a wide-eyed bull stands above a woman grieving over a dead child in her arms. The center is dominated by a horse falling in agony as if struck by a weapon. Under the horse is a dismembered soldier while towards its right is a frightened female figure which appears to have floated into the room through a window. From the right, an awe-struck woman staggers towards the center. The two dominant elements in the painting, the bull and the horse, are important characters in Spanish culture. Guernica is the most famous painting of modern art by arguably the greatest painter of all time.\n\n#1 Mona Lisa\n\nLocation: Louvre Museum, Paris\n\nArtist: Leonardo da Vinci\n\nYear: 1517\n\nMona Lisa\nMona Lisa (1517) – Leonardo da Vinci\n\nLeonardo da Vinci is regarded as the preeminent figure of the Italian Renaissance. His masterpiece, the Mona Lisa has been acclaimed as “the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about and the most parodied work of art in the world”. Its fame rests, in particular, on the elusive smile on the woman’s face which is why it is also known as “la Gioconda”, or the laughing one. Based on accounts from an early biographer, the painting is a picture of Lisa Gherardini, the real-life wife of a merchant. For Da Vinci, Mona Lisa was forever a work in progress, as it was his attempt at perfection. The painting was never delivered to its commissioner; he kept it with him till the end of his life. Guinness World Records lists the Mona Lisa as having the highest insurance value for a painting in history. It was assessed at US$100 million on December 14, 1962, which after adjusting inflation, would be around US$790 million in 2016.\n\n2 thoughts on “10 Most Famous Paintings In The World”\n\nLeave a Comment", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.994378387928009}
{"content": "Can I Pause My Squarespace Account?\n\nHow do I cancel my squarespace but keep my domain?\n\nIf you connected a domain you purchased elsewhere (like GoDaddy or 1&1), disconnect it from your Squarespace site before cancelling.\n\nYou’ll then need to update the domain’s DNS records depending on how you’ll continue to use it.\n\nContact your domain provider for more help with these settings..\n\nCan I call squarespace?\n\nWhy we don’t offer phone support – Squarespace Help. For help recovering a Google Workspace account, contact us here. Please attach both of the following documents: A government-issued ID.\n\nCan I extend my squarespace trial?\n\nExtend your own trial After your trial expires, you’ll receive an email from with the subject “Your trial has expired. … You can extend your trial directly from this email. Search for the email in your inbox. Click the Extend your trial by seven days link.\n\nDoes squarespace offer live chat?\n\nCategories. Amaze your Squarespace store’s customers with exceptional chat service. Adding LiveChat to your online shop enables you to help website visitors whenever they need it. Assist visitors in real-time, guide them to the checkout and close more sales by delivering efficient customer service.\n\nHow do I remove my credit card from squarespace?\n\nNote: It’s not possible to remove a credit card on file yourself without replacing it with a new one, but we may be able to remove it for you. To request that we remove billing information from a site, contact us.\n\nIs squarespace worth?\n\nSo answering our original question, is Squarespace worth the hype? Yes and no. It’s good for what it is. It is a fine choice for the aforementioned case, where you want to build a simple but good-looking website without any added hassle.\n\nWhy is squarespace charging me?\n\nSquarespace subscriptions renew automatically unless they’re cancelled. These subscriptions are also independent from each other. This means that changing or cancelling one service doesn’t automatically affect the others. If you see an unexpected charge from us, it’s likely a subscription renewal or pre-authorization.\n\nHow do I suspend my Squarespace account?\n\nOption 1 – Cancel your subscriptionIn the Home Menu, click Settings, then click Billing & Account.Click Billing.Under Subscriptions, click your site subscription. This will say Website or Commerce, depending on your plan.Mar 2, 2021\n\nWhy Squarespace is bad?\n\nThey don’t provide support for your customizations and it’s not always easy to make things look just so. If you aren’t completely happy with the customization options in the Style Editor, you may end up needing a developer to overwrite the Squarespace template to create a new style.\n\nCan you pause your squarespace?\n\nIf you need to put your account on hold, temporarily close your website, or get financial support for your subscription, submit a request using this form. We’ll look into options for you as quickly as possible.\n\nCan you remove squarespace from URL?\n\nEvery Squarespace site has a built-in URL, like This is an important part of how Squarespace works and can’t be removed. It’s common to hide this built-in domain from visitors by: Registering a custom domain with Squarespace or linking a domain you purchased elsewhere.\n\nIs Wix better than squarespace?\n\nWix is generally a better, more versatile tool, with more flexibility for a wide range of websites. Squarespace, on the other hand, scores points for their blogging feature and their fully-responsive templates.\n\nCan you get a refund on squarespace?\n\nYou can cancel your Squarespace subscriptions at any time. We only issue refunds for some services. … For example, if you cancel a website with a Squarespace Domain connected, the domain subscription will remain active (even after the website expires), unless you specifically cancel the domain separately.\n\nCan you publish Squarespace for free?\n\nDo I need to choose a Squarespace plan right away? No, when you start the Squarespace free trial you can just use it totally for free, without needing to pick a plan first. When you actually go to launch your website and/or when your free trial is over, then you need to pick a paid plan.\n\nHow do I talk to someone at squarespace?\n\nTo start an email or live chat, visit our Contact page, choose a topic that best fits your question, and follow the prompts to send us your message.\n\nCan you add live chat to squarespace?\n\nLiveChat is now added to your Squarespace. All that’s left is to provide your customers with exceptional service, closing more deals in the process!\n\nCan you change your squarespace domain?\n\nYou can change your new Squarespace Domain name within five days of registration. This involves starting over: cancelling the domain you just registered and replacing it with a new domain name. After five days, your domain name is permanent and can’t be renamed.\n\nWhat happens if my squarespace trial expired?\n\nWhen your trial expires, the site won’t be public, and all content is marked for permanent deletion. Depending on how much time passes after expiration, you might be able to upgrade to paid service and continue to edit the site as you last left it.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7391116619110107}
{"content": "Conceptual circulation of intangible cultural heritage in national policies and laws \nAnita Vaivade (Latvian Academy of Culture)\nChristian Georges Dominique Hottin (Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication)\nÜlikooli 16, 102\nStart time:\n2 July, 2013 at 16:45 (UTC+0)\nSession slots:\n\nShort Abstract:\n\nThe panel invites to reconsider the conceptual circulation of \"intangible cultural heritage\" in national policies and laws, and to examine in what ways the existing heritage concepts, policies and laws, are reshaped and questioned by novel political and legal choices on intangible cultural heritage.\n\nLong Abstract\n\nThe concept of intangible cultural heritage has been actively circulating worldwide for almost a decade since the adoption of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. It is introduced in national and local policies and has become a key for new legislative initiatives, and these processes are still actively undergoing. The panel envisages to question the close and lively interconnection between the political and legal choices made and their cultural contexts, including the existing heritage concepts, policies and laws. In other words, what cultural explanations we might give for policy-making and legislative differences we observe within the domain of intangible cultural heritage, and how to valorize the existence of these differences as being culturally significant?\n\nEven though global cultural policies conceptually overtake national and local efforts, cultural particularities and local traditions of conceptualizing cultural heritage remain significant and decisive in the way how national heritage policies and laws are being developed. In this perspective, the conceptually highlighted dichotomy of tangible and intangible cultural heritage is arousing novel policy and legal solutions. How states where cultural heritage policies are dominantly oriented towards the protection and conservation of tangible cultural heritage, are assimilating the new concept? The worldwide conceptual unification in the domain of cultural heritage causes reconsideration of existing perceptions and challenging former traditions of thinking and policy-making. Does this lead towards universal language or towards losing culturally shaped differences of conceptualizing?\n\nAccepted papers:\n\n\nVytautas Tumenas (Lithuanian Institute of History)\n\nPaper short abstract:\n\nThe paper analyses the adaptation of contemporary concept of intangible heritage in Lithuanian cultural policy and legislation, the specific problems of its registration and protection. Also the problems of international standardization and heritage science cooperation with ethnology are discussed.\n\nPaper long abstract:\n\nThe paper deals with the problem of recognition and indigenization of the globally spreading concept of intangible heritage. The contemporary processes of globalization are leading to glocalisation in which, as Tim O'Riordan hopes, balance between the local and global will be found. The Lithuanian case shows the example of active attempts of particular enthusiasts of intellectuals, economists, businessmen, law makers and politicians to adopt on national levels the idea of intangible heritage and reinforce the life of traditional culture.\n\nThis presentation aims to show the ways of the adaptation of universal concept of intangible heritage in Lithuanian national cultural policy and legislation: a) the forms of recognition and legislation by authorities of this kind of heritage; b) \"discovering\" of new objects for a protectable heritage; c) searching for rational ways of intangible heritage protection, registration and living tradition reinforcing in the cultural policy; d) an interconnection between the intangible heritage protection and the national science and education policies.\n\nThe indigenization of intangible heritage concept at national level is mostly realized by the laws of \"The Protection of Ethnic Culture\" and \"The National Heritage Product\". Hard political discussions about the tangible and intangible heritage protection policy differences or similarities have started. The registration of intangible heritage according to UNESCO guidelines and National Heritage Product law now is in process. But the lack of international standards for intangible heritage protection and seclusion of heritage science from the complex cooperation with ethnology and folkloristics still is a big challenge for successful process.\n\n\nSven Missling (University of Goettingen)\n\nPaper short abstract:\n\nThe paper deals with the States’ obligations in implementing the ICH-Convention into domestic heritage laws, carving out that it enlarges the State’s sovereign rights on cultural practices. It also discusses the legal requirements for implementation of an ICH-regime in a federal State system.\n\nPaper long abstract:\n\nThe paper analyses the States' obligations in implementing the ÌCH-Convention into domestic heritage legislation from an international law perspective. Surprisingly, this shows that although the ICH-Convention has to be estimated as a milestone in international cultural law, its provisions do not only leave a large field of discretion to the States in shaping their own domestic cultural policies and the related legal framework but also give them more influence on immaterial cultural practices than before.\n\nThe paper shows that despite the fact that any nomination of an ICH heritage implies the danger of freezing a cultural practice, another side-effect of the Convention is that States' sovereign rights are enlarged to a part of cultural life by international law that traditionally had not been under States' full sovereignty.\n\nThe paper will therefore plead for a specific attentiveness and restraint of the national legislators in implementing the Convention's provisions into their domestic cultural policies and cultural heritage legislations. It will show the importance of a legal framing of the UNESCO ICH regime by other legal provisions.\n\nSecond, the paper focusses on the implementation of the ICH-Convention in Germany:\n\nAfter just having handed over the instrument of ratification to UNESCO in April 2013, Germany will start the implementation process. Cultural sovereignty in Germany is located on the \"Länder\"-level, which means that only the federal States are can meet the regulations for the safeguarding of ICH. The paper discusses specific problems of an adequate implementation under the German federal system.\n\n\nAgustí Andreu (Universitat Rovira i Virgili)\n\nPaper short abstract:\n\nThis paper analyzes how the laws of the Spanish state (1) and of the autonomous regions of the Spanish state (17) regarding cultural heritage institutionalize the ethnological and intangible heritage and also analyses the different forms of protection provided by the law.\n\nPaper long abstract:\n\nThe analysis of the law of cultural heritage in Spain indicates that, despite the current use of diverse terms (ethnological/ethnographical/anthropological), the characteristics that the different legislators attribute to ethnological heritage revolve around three basic axes: a) the relation of ethnological heritage to popular and traditional culture, b) its connection to a given territory and identity, and c) the association between ethnological heritage and intangible heritage.\n\nThe paper also studies the Basque law on Cultural Heritage (1990), which refers to \"intangible ethnographic assets\" and was thus the first to introduce the concept of intangible heritage to legislation regarding the cultural heritage of the Spanish state. In Spanish law, the notion of intangible heritage has, in addition to its association with ethnological heritage, the following characteristics:\n\n1) The law aims to guarantee the transfer of heritage from a state of intangibility to one of tangibility to ensure that this type of heritage is preserved and transmitted over time.\n\n2) The law aims to ensure that policies concerning heritage include the concept of intangible heritage, and it creates certain specific categories of protection, generally by adapting the names of existing categories that refer to the tangible heritage. Examples of such new categories are the terms Intangible Assets of Cultural Interest (Navarra) and Intangible Asset of Local Importance (Valencia).\n\n\n\nPaper short abstract:\n\nL'intervention porte sur la mise en œuvre de la convention de l'UNESCO pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel en France, et plus particulièrement les difficultés culturelles de l'administration du patrimoine de ce pays à prendre en compte ce nouveau paradigme patrimonial.\n\nPaper long abstract:\n\nLa protection du patrimoine repose en France sur une base juridique incontestable, le Code du Patrimoine, qui est le résultat de l'assemblage, au début des années 2000, des différentes législations propres à chacun des grand domaine patrimoniaux : musées, archives, monuments historiques, archéologie. Aucune place n'est actuellement faite à la notion de patrimoine culturel immatériel dans ce code, bien que la France ait adhéré en 2006 à la convention de l'UNESCO pour la sauvegarde du PCI.\n\nUn attachement marqué au patrimoine monumental ne suffit pas à rendre compte de ce décalage entre une tradition administrative nationale et un nouvel ordre patrimonial qui s'esquisse au plan international. En effet, la France dispose, depuis le début des années 1980, d'une politique en faveur du patrimoine ethnologique, concept qui recouvre un domaine assez proche de celui de PCI. Mais cette politique est demeurée presque exclusivement tournée vers la recherche scientifique, et non vers la sauvegarde effective. Ce ne sont pas tant les objets à patrimonialiser qui posent problème, mais plutôt la manière de les traiter.\n\nOn tentera donc d'expliquer ici quels sont les principes qui sous tendent la politique du patrimoine en France et de montrer en quoi ces normes implicites sont profondément remises en cause par le mode de patrimonialisation prôné par l'UNESCO pour la sauvegarde du PCI.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.717254638671875}
{"content": "Site Overlay\n\n\nBasic Ship Propulsion [JP Ghose RP Gokarn] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Allied Publishers J. P. Ghose, R. P. Gokarn, J. P. Ghose, R. P. Gokarnin Marine engineering. Basic Ship Propulsion. Allied Publishers. J. P. Ghose . Basic Ship Propulsion. Allied Publishers, – Marine engineering – pages. : Basic Ship Propulsion:?Basic Ship.\n\nAuthor: Gogor Mikagore\nCountry: Ethiopia\nLanguage: English (Spanish)\nGenre: Education\nPublished (Last): 11 November 2017\nPages: 30\nPDF File Size: 1.29 Mb\nePub File Size: 8.70 Mb\nISBN: 524-9-40140-193-3\nDownloads: 10236\nPrice: Free* [*Free Regsitration Required]\nUploader: Mulmaran\n\nDon’t have a Kindle? The distance that the line or a point on it advances along the axis in one revolution is called the pitch of the helicoidal surface or the helix. There’s a problem loading this menu right now.\n\nGrazioli, Chairman, and Dr.\n\nIf the body is submerged sufficiently deep in the fluid no waves ghosse generated at the free surface and the Froude number ceases to influence the flow. Four Quadrant Open Water Characteristics.\n\nThese arrangements add to the cost and complexity of the propulsion plant and also reduce its efficiency. In order to further reduce the Reynolds number correction, the model propeller in open water is run at as high an axial speed and revolution rate as possible for the required range of advance coefficient, so that the difference between the Reynolds numbers of the model propeller and the proplsion propeller is minimised.\n\nPlease fill this form, we will try to respond as soon as possible. The screw propeller has since then become the predominant propulsion device used in shipl3. These examples and problems have been specially designed to illustrate the principles described in the text and to aid the reader in understanding the subject. Please help us to share our service with your friends.\n\nPropilsion are also vessels that provide auxiliary services such as tugs and dredgers. Amazon Prime Music Stream millions of songs, ad-free. If the surface of the c: In cjrcumstances where extensive cavitation is unavoidable, t.\n\n\nA propeller that revolves in the clockwise direction viewed from aft when propelling the ship forward is called a right hand propeller. The blade is attached to the propeller boss at the root. Then, by determining the open water characteristics of a sm. The KT-KQ diagram has some interesting fe.\n\nShare your thoughts with other customers. AmazonGlobal Ship Orders Internationally. The result is that increased power is required to aUain a given speed, and in cases of severe cavitation the ship may not achieve the specified speed. Its a very good book for studies,simple and good style of writing.\n\nIt is known that the Froude number governs the gravity waves generated at the free surface due to the motion of a body in” a fluid. Such propellers are popularly known as “supercavitating propellers”. Rudder A device for ste. Propeller blades are sometimes raked aft at angles up to 15 degrees to increase the clearance space between the propeller blades and the hull of the ship, Fig. The correction that must be made for the difference between the Reynolds number of the ship propeller and the Reynolds number of the model propeller is usually small provided that the flow around the model propeller is turbulent in nature just as the flow around the ship propeller.\n\nStrictly, this is true only if the pegative contribution of drag to the thrust is neglected. International Organisation for Standardisation: The range of the variation of the blade area ratio depends upon the number of blades, and is given in Table 4. Almost all the problems may be’solved without using computers. Gas turbines are mostly used in high speed ships where their low weight and volume for a given power give them a great advantage over”other types of engines.\n\nShips today can be characterised in several ways. Amidships The mid-length of the ship. The Froude number, the Reynoids number and the Euler number or pressure coefficient being ratios of forces are dimensionless numbers and have the same values in any.\n\n\nAmazon Rapids Fun stories for kids on the go. If you are a seller for this product, would you like to suggest updates through seller support? However, the propeller may be run in the reverse direction to propel the ship astern VA and n both negative. The radial section takes the shape shown in the figure, and this shape is the expanded section at the radius r. These sections are called radial sections or cylindrical sections.\n\nBasic ship propulsion / J.P. Ghose ; R.P. Gokarn. – Version details – Trove\n\nThe blade is pointing vertically up. Other propulsion devices, including variants of the screw propeller, are discussed. The authors are deeply gra;teful to them. When a ship going prolulsion is to be stopped the propeller is run in the forward direction, Le. Further geometrical details of the B-series ,are given in Appendix 3.\n\nBasic Ship Propulsion Ghose and Gokarn\n\nThe origin of coordinates is at the intersection of the propeller axis and the blade reference line. The virtual inertia is the ratio of a moment ,applied to. The power required and the maximum thrust are then: Amazon Drive Cloud storage from Amazon. Waterplane coefficient The ratio of the area of the waterplane’ to the product of the length and breadth of the ship.\n\nTherefore, there are only occa,sional references to computers in this book. Determine the optimum diameter and pitch ratio of the propeller and the delivered power in open water.\n\nExample 3 A propeller running at rpm is required to produce a thrust of kN at a speed of advance of The various propulsion devices used in ships are briefly reviewed. Lloyd’s Register of Shipping:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.77016681432724}
{"content": "A new nondestructive seismic tomography system called RockVision3D TM was used to image the volume extending between Alcove #8 and Niche #3 of the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF), Yucca Mountain, Nevada. This work was performed as part of the infiltration tests for the Enhanced Characterization of the Repository Block (ECRB). The scope and objective of this reported work were to use 2-D and 3-D velocity tomographic images to assess the structural state of the rock mass prior to infiltrating water from Alcove #8 into Niche #3. The results of the cross-borehole seismic investigation, combined with published geotechnical and geologic information on the Topopah Spring Tuff formation, identified three distinct velocity zones: (1) Upper non-lithophysal zone; (2) intermediate or transition zone, 7 m (23 ft) thick; and (3) middle non-lithophysal zone. This paper describes system components, test configurations and procedures, and data analysis and interpretation. Results, conclusions, and recommendations are also presented.\n\n\nA new high-tech nondestructive tomographic imaging system called RockVision3D TM, developed by NSA Engineering, is a complete tomography package, from signal collection to CAD output display. The system has been used successfully in geological and geotechnical site investigations throughout highway, bridge, foundation, sinkhole, slope, and tunneling and mining construction industries (Hanna et al. 2000; Nell et al. 1999; Hanna et al. 1998).\n\nThis technology involves surrounding a 2-D or 3D region of interest with source and receiver boreholes, collecting seismic signal data through the plane or volume over a network of \"ray paths,\" and reconstructing an image of the structure based on signal arrival time computations (Rock et al. 1997). Full waveform shear, or S-wave, or compressional P-wave signals are recorded using a sampling rate and duration appropriate for the signal source utilized, the rock materials anticipated, and the physical scale of the study.\n\nAny ground condition or material property that exhibits a velocity contrast can be readily imaged. For example, areas of higher velocity generally correspond to areas of more competent or consolidated material (rock, soil, etc.) whereas areas of low velocity represent areas of less consolidated or medium-to-soft material (Westman et al. 1996; Nur 1987; Yu 1992).\n\nThe system software combines wavefront and curved ray theories to produce a 3-D attenuation or velocity tomogram of the volume or region to be imaged. In a uniform rock or other low-velocity contrast medium, the velocity and attenuation ray paths are generally straight. However, the ray paths are not normally straight, but rather bend (refract, curved ray) depending on the physical properties of the medium or the velocity contrasts between various material units (Rock et al. 1997). For example, in karstic material, the seismic energy will not pass through voids and cavities, but will bend or travel around them. If a cavity is filled with water, clay, or sand, a portion of the energy will travel through it at a different velocity and attenuation level (Hanna et al. 2000).\n\nThis paper describes the application of the RockVision3D TM system using the cross-borehole velocity method to image the zone between Alcove #8 and Niche #3 of the ESF.\n\nThe investigation was performed as part of the infiltration experiment in the ECRB. The scope and objectives of this reported work were to use 2-D and 3-D velocity tomographic images to (1) assess the structures and lithologic features within the volume extending between Alcove #8 and Niche #3; (2) provide information on the structural state of the rock mass as interred by th\n\nThis content is only available via PDF.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9165100455284119}
{"content": "What is PageRank?\n\nWhat is PageRank?\n\nPageRank is an algorithm invented by one of Google's founders: Larry Page.\n\nThis algorithm is probably the most famous algorithm related to SEO all over the world. Yet it is just one of the many other algorithms used by Google.\n\nPageRank is based on the analysis of links.\n\nConsidering that a link pointing from a site A to a site B is a kind of recommandation, Google wanted to count all these links in order to establish a sort of global graph and eventually make their results more relevant.\n\nBeyond the quantitative aspect, a qualitative approach has long been added. In that respect, not all links are equal and some recommendations are better rated than others.\n\nThe impact of some links can even be totally absent if Google decides to not give them any credibility.\n\nThrough the years , SEO professionals consideration for PageRank has decreased a lot. Actually, its value is no longer exported. However, even if it is no longer shared, it remains at the base of the Google search engine and probably keeps a significant importance in the ranking of web pages.\n\nAs for Google, it would very frequently calculate this indicator without releasing it.\n\nAnyway, if you have the opportunity to get a link from a page with a strong PageRank , it would be a shame not to take it.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9995372295379639}
{"content": "We Hear What We Want to Hear\n\n\nA team of neuroscientists of Technische Universität Dresden headed by Katharina von Kriegstein presents new findings that show that not only the cerebral cortex, but the entire auditory pathway, represents sounds according to prior expectations.\n\n\nPredictive Coding\n\n\n\nThese new results open up new ways for neuroscientists studying sensory processing in humans towards the subcortical pathways. Perhaps due to the axiomatic belief that subjectivity is inherently human, and the fact that the cerebral cortex is the major point of divergence between the human and other mammal's brains, little attention has been paid before to the role that subjective beliefs could have on subcortical sensory representations.\n\n\nStepUp Note\n\nby Nancy W Rowe, M.S., CCC/A\n\nThis research reconfirms the importance of anticipation in our brain organization, specifically in our auditory process but also generally, in our perception of the physical world around us.  Rodofo Llinás is a neuroscientist who once wrote, \"the human brain is a prediction machine.\" The work of Dr. Llinás and others informed my decision to base the StepUp programs on the concept of anticipation, and how we get our brains to anticipate, or plan, the body movements and speech movements that fill our daily lives. As I studied this topic, I learned that we actually anticipate \"what\" we need to do, and \"when\" we need to do it. In StepUp's rhythmic exercises, we practice what to do and when to do it. This research adds to our understanding of how much anticipation can affect processing speed, which then affects memory and learning. \n\nThe StepUp programs use rhythmic exercises combining rhythmic speech and rhythmic movement to help children control their processing speed, which in turn helps them learn and remember the information which they can retrieve accurately and on time. Try it free for 30 days!\n\nArticle reposted from Technische Universität Dresden", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9974474906921387}
{"content": "id,summary,reporter,owner,description,type,status,priority,milestone,component,version,severity,resolution,keywords,cc,arch,platform 471,Type-to-select and search field ignore sub-items in outline view,dbergey@…,dkocher,\"When using the outline view in the ftp browser, the type-to-select scope only includes files that were shown in the initial view, instead of including files exposed by expanding subdirectories. Also please note that the search field deals with this same limited scope as well, and then forgets what subdirectories you had expanded. I'm not sure of the exact behavior that needs to be implemented, since after expanding multiple subdirectories, there may be multiple items scattered over the view that match a typed sequence of characters. I just moved to Cyberduck from Interarchy (since you do remember expanded subdirs' states when refreshing, and you support growl), and typing to select files has been an essential part of my workflow. I'm sure others would appreciate it as well.\",enhancement,closed,low,3.0,interface,2.6,normal,fixed,,,,", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998255372047424}
{"content": "Communication & Collaboration During Times of Change\n\n\n\nAn introduction to institutional change and approaches to help break down organizational silos\n\nNothing brings out internal strife quite like change. Large-scale institutional change like branch optimization and transformation often evokes organizational challenges, shining a light on the cracks and gaps between business units that a company may not even know existed before change came knocking. Given the work we do in helping usher in institutional change, particularly in the financial services sector, we get an up-close look at the process of stakeholder communication and collaboration among key business units like marketing and facilities and how they work together (or don’t). \n\nRest assured, turf wars and “political” infighting are natural outgrowths of change, especially for those employees who crave the comfort of the knowable and stable. But let’s face it, organizational change is a moving target. Things can change on a dime, and key stakeholders have to try to catch up both with each other and the decisions needing to be made. With network transformation in bank branches and retail stores, there are modifications to physical structures taking place at the same time that brand and market elements are being implemented.\n\nRight Brain/Left Brain\n\nWhen organizations want to institute system-wide change, often one of their first acts is to bring together different and distinct stakeholders who will bring their proficiency to the endeavor. While this instinct is a good one since you want to benefit from the experience and expertise of the best thought leaders within your organization, what you may not expect is that these diverse groups may have wildly divergent views on what’s important and what to do next. In network transformation efforts, these key influencers are often facilities managers and marketing/brand managers.\n\nAdrenaline’s CXO Gina Bleedorn talks about how these influencers see the world differently. She says, “Facilities people are looking at very functional things like the paint peeling on the wall, whereas a marketing person doesn't necessarily notice facility conditions like peeling paint, but looks at the poster on the wall and notices the content in it. The facilities person doesn’t really care about the content in that poster. It’s like a right brain/left brain divide.” In short, facilities people are factual and analytical in their approach and the marketing people are more synthetical, incorporating creative elements. \n\nBridging the Gap\n\nNow, it may seem these two groups are like oil and water, but there are approaches to help get them on the same page. While there are no shortcuts to communication and collaboration, successfully bringing together these two different world-views will define the success of the transformation. Because let’s face it, there will be both paint on the wall and a brand elements like a poster, and those key stakeholders have to validate each other’s spheres of influence. In our experience, the first step toward coordinating better collaboration is understanding that these two groups speak in different languages. \n\nIn other arenas where people are literally speaking different languages, organizations bring in intermediaries who are well-versed in both languages. Beyond translators, these emissaries are fluent in both language and cultural elements that inform and influence the communication between two groups. This same type of approach also works when people are figuratively speaking different languages like we’ve described with facilities and marketing people. This type of intermediary promotes organizational harmony by providing platforms for productive conversations, critical thinking and decision-making. \n\nGiven that dialogue is key to better decision-making, it would seem obvious that all organizations would kick-off their change initiatives with strategic planning that involves an intermediary to facilitate internal collaboration. However, since most organizations have never gone through such a large-scale institutional challenge before, developing a structure for cooperation is not something organizations are necessarily well-versed in. In our next article on change communications and collaboration, we will discuss the strategic planning necessary to develop a comprehensive framework for change.\nTo speak with one of our experts about transformation within your organization, contact us at info@adrenalineagency.com.\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9855614900588989}
{"content": "Artist Marie Hines Cowan Explores Greek Mythology\n\nUpdated: Oct 10, 2018\n\nPainting by Marie Hines Cowan\n\nWhile currently working on her NY Muse art project, Artist Marie Hines Cowan has put together several small exhibits as parts of the project development. The larger exhibit will eventually become an installation of her paintings and poetry, or as Hines Cowan describes it \"A sort of room sized graphic novel\".\n\nA figurative oil painter marrying mythology with colloquial culture, Hines Cowan's work is narrative, life-sized, and representational, though unconstrained by realism. Her bold, colorful work is graphic and illustrative, making it a pleasure for any quality art seeking eye.\n\nHines Cowan unique talent and artistic style for bringing together past, present, and future from ordinary life moments into timeless space, has earned her vast amount of artistic expression and international recognition. She has been named ‘2018's Artist of the Year’ by the Barron Art Center. I recently had the chance to chat with her on what is inspiring her work.\n\nYour art practice is driven by fusion of Greek Mythology and current culture, can you share a bit about this creative process and how it influences the end outcome through the work?\n\nHines Cowan: Well, I would say my work has three core concepts. The first of these concepts is the continuation and relevance of ancient archetypes and personifications of philosophies and ideas. I paint a lot women, and sometimes men, as characters from Greek mythology and I see them as relevant, current and as prevalent in today’s average person on the street as they were in the ancient world. With this in mind, though I picture the people I paint in specific places, I paint them into an abstract space on the canvas because what they are doing or experiencing could happen today, yesterday, 10 thousand years ago, or sometime in the future and here or anywhere else.\n\nThe second is the word ekphrasis. Ekphrasis is a Greek word meaning picture phrase, a description of a pictorial scene like Hesiod’s description of the Shield of Heracles. I came across it when I was studying Greek mythology at NYU and it resonated with me. My work has always been narrative and I see it as a flipping of the ekphrasis definition to a picture that tells a story. When I was thinking about grad school my painting was criticized for being so narrative, and learning this word, somehow for me, completed my understanding of what I was trying to accomplish with my painting. It also gave me another connection with Greek mythology. In Greek mythology it is the gods and the muses who give the artist inspiration who “sing the story” the artist is telling. O sing muse, or some version of that starts every translation of Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. The artist is the tool or the instrument that allows the listeners or the viewers to understand the story. I have always felt that my art, the stories I depict come from somewhere outside myself, my muses perhaps.\n\nThe Fortune Teller - Painting by Hines Cowan\n\nThe third core concept in my work is serendipity. When the muses give me an idea for a painting I look around for a model I feel personifies what I want to depict. When I find that person I have them to the studio for a modeling session. Modeling for me is kind of like being an actor. I tell my model about the character, about their back-story, the emotions of the character and then I let them run with it as I take photos. Sometimes it all works out as I expected it to but many times other things happen and I get unexpected poses and results. That’s where serendipity jumps in. I find this to be the most satisfying and magical thing about my work.\n\nSo much of western culture and the things that surround us come to us from ancient Greek culture. Just being in New York City I am constantly inspired to think of bits of Greek mythology, like the statue of Nike, public works project, that stands in a Bronx park, or the lions of the main branch of the New York Public Library that make me think of the lion bodied woman the sphinx.\n\nPainting by Marie Hines Cowan at Lord & Andra Gallery\n\nPoetry plays a key part in your practice, do you rely mostly on classic poetry or is it also contemporary?\n\nI am very influenced by classical poetry, but generally the poetry that is associated with my paintings, in the form of installations along side the work or actually painted into the work, is modern and most often my own writing.\n\nYou have been exhibiting since the late 70s, how do you see the art world changing, and what is the biggest change you experienced in your career throughout the years?\n\nThis is such a difficult question. I find it very hard to see any huge changes. I guess first because I only pay attention to what I am interested in and secondly because whatever I am doing, or however I am showing my work it is in the manner in which I am able to handle at the moment in which I am doing it and so doesn’t feel like a change from something else, it is just how I am doing it right now. I guess another reason why I don’t see any huge changes is because I have never followed any particular trends in art making. My work doesn’t fall into any particular style or group. I just keep creating what comes from my gut and needs to be expressed. Also, I am not terribly social and I tend to spend much more time in my studio and very little in the gallery scene so I don’t see the art world from the point of view of someone on the interior of it.\n\nArtist Marie Hines Cowan\n\nAs a figurative painter, which artists would you say carry a big influence on your style and technique?\n\nChronologically I have to start with the Greek potters. The next important group would be the mannerist of the Italian renaissance, Parmigianino, Michelangelo. But others like Caravaggio, Rembrandt and Durer from the early and late renaissance also influenced me. The Art Nouveau movement was also very influential to my work, Alphonse Mucha in particular. His commercial work is pretty wonderful, but it is his dramatic mural of Slavic history that I find really inspirational. And then there are the Secessionist artists. When the 1900 Vienna exhibit came to New York I went to see it, like probably every other artist in Manhattan and it really moved me. I was and still am in awe of Klimt, Kokoschka and Schiele.\n\nThis introduction and interview was curated by Shally Zucker for Artqol.\n\n\n© Artqol 2020 All rights reserved.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9042697548866272}
{"content": "Drupal Howtos\n\nA how-to is a short description of how to accomplish a specific task. This is a compilation of Drupal related howto's which I provided to friends or which I applied myself. Targeting the Drupal beginner they provide simple and detailed step-by-step descriptions with pictures.\n\nHow to disable a particular part in the source code of CSS?\n\nSometimes you want to disable a part of the CSS code without deleting it. To do so you can put \"/*\" and \"*/\" around the code you want to disable. You can use the same method to add headings and comments to your CSS files.\n\ncss code\n\nHow to remove the preview button on a Drupal 8 contact form\n\n\nOption 1. Use hook_form_alter()\n\nOne proposal is to utilize hook_form_alter() to strip out the preview button form element in any form. We did not test this solution, but according to the feedbacks on https://drupal.stackexchange.com it seem to work.\n\nDrupal 8 work\n\nHow to disable the breadcrumb or menu trail using Drupal?\n\nBreadcrumbs, breadcrumb trail or menu trail is a navigation aid used in user interfaces. It allows users to keep track of their locations within programs or documents.\n\nHow to copy a Drupal site within 10 minutes\n\nThere are many often complex and time consuming ways to copy a Drupal website from one webhosting company to another-one. This howto offers you instructions how to do it the easy way. It is based on the following assumptions: You have the same Drupal versions on both sides and Drupal is already installed at the destination.\n\nExport of Drupal database using phpMyAdmin\n\nHow to make the embed Youtube player responsive using Drupal\n\nMany Drupal modules such as Media: YouTube or Video Embed Field offer a very easy way to integrate the embed Youtube player as field. In a time where responsive design has become a must, it is quite surprising that they all don't offer any responsiveness. Furthermore most of the free and paid themes who integrate Youtube/Vimeo apparently also don't consider this aspect.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUse the Drupal module \"Node clone\" to easily clone webforms\n\n\nDrupal module node clone\n\nHow to display search results as views\n\n\n\nDrupal themes to be compared", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7641491889953613}
{"content": "Erik Trautman logo crest shield seal\n\nErik Trautman\n\n“Everything you can imagine is real.”\n-- Pablo Picasso\n\nA Practical Framework for Identifying Opportunities in Artificial Intelligence\n\n\n\n\n\nWhat it Means to be AI-Driven\n\nAI Assisted, Enabled or Driven stick figures by Erik Trautman\n\nThe conversation about Artificial Intelligence has become so muddy lately that it is important to be very clear about what we mean when we say an organization is \"using AI\" or is \"AI driven\". This post will clear up those definitions and some of the implications of each classification.\n\nThere are three levels at which an organization can adopt artificial intelligence:\n\n  1. AI-Assisted: AI is a technical bolt-on to existing processes, usually through the use of AI-created tools, for example AI assisted sales or team management tools.\n  2. AI-Enabled / AI-Augmented: AI is applied to existing processes or product data to make the product or service better or more useful, for example the recommendation engines behind Netflix, Spotify, Amazon, etc. This is often in the form of one or more AI-driven features or products.\n  3. AI-Driven: AI is literally the lifesblood of the company or initiative, for example self-driving technologies and the companies providing tools to AI-Assisted companies. This is truly an AI-Driven company.\n\nEach of these cases has different implications from the perspective of the implementing organization.\n\n\nHow Artificial Intelligence is Closing the Loop with Better Predictions\n\nMuch of the hype around Artificial Intelligence centers on some vague sense that it continuously learns from the world around it so it gets ever-better at performing tasks. In reality, it's important to understand that the core truth underlying this is much simpler and more powerful: AI technologies allow us to make better predictions than we could before.\n\nDespite the simplicity of that fact, it is an enormously powerful building block which enables automation on a scale we've never seen before by disrupting task loops across the information and physical worlds. Understanding it will allow you to better appreciate the kinds of change it can and will drive.\n\nThe semiconductor represents a useful analogy for this reduction. Semiconductor technology obviously changed the world but these empires were built on top of a single simple truth: it reduced the cost of arithmetic. That most fundamental use case forms the basis of computing and, at sufficient scale, allows us to do everything we can today.\n\n\nWhen you trust memes\n\nThe Entropy of Trust\n\nI'm always amazed that people seem shocked when something they've trusted is usurped for commercial gain. Somehow, in a world that's incredibly dynamic and built on Darwinian evolutions at all levels from single cell organisms up to commercial entities, we still hold onto this naive view that our trust in systems is somehow static.\n\nThis is probably because we build our relationship with trust based on our relationships with close friends and family. In most (healthy) cases, this one-to-one trust grows slowly or remains constant over time. A fairly static model for trust is reasonable in this microscopic system.\n\nUnfortunately, we tend to implicitly model the trust we place in third parties and macroscopic communities along similar lines and that simply doesn't reflect reality.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6339126825332642}
{"content": "embroidery business in honolulu hawaii\n\nWe Make Fashion A Snap With Our Idea\n\nLots of people are terrified about the concept of what is stylish. They see people using elaborate clothes and get the concept that they might never look like that. embroidery business in honolulu hawaii\n\nSheer clothes adds a little bit of allure, but beware of how sheer and what’s showing. Wearing transparent products that are sheer in private areas can make you appear trashy instead of elegant.\n\nOne valuable piece of fashion guidance is to ensure you’re constantly look for new patterns and modifications. They generally share the new patterns.\n\nJust pick a few types of makeup products you use the a lot of. Believe about what you will use to work and what you will need from the town.\n\nIf you have to purchase online, make sure you study the sizing charts on the site. Look for if you can return policy.\n\nIf you are petite, use soft and soft patterns that are fitted at the waist to increase the look of your general length. If your shape is that of a pear, use light colors on leading with dark bottoms.\n\nUse a moisturizer that has shea butter to moisturize cuticles and nails every day. You are going to desire to believe about utilizing shea butter on your hands then don a pair of cotton gloves while sleeping.\n\nYou can stay on top of style by being eccentric. Wear your hair a little unpleasant, unbutton your shirt, or even two textures.\n\nWhen it comes to fashion.You will never know how it looks until you attempt, you don’t have to adhere to the status quo. You will look marvelous and produce excellent appearances by putting specific pieces together.\n\nYou might want to employ somebody who is a style expert to go shopping occasionally. This will help you to stay stylish with work and family.\n\nIf your look includes shorts, you require to ensure that you do not use socks that show up. This is more common practice for youngsters in kindergarten. Keep your socks cut to the ankle and your shorts.\n\nYour hairdo states a lot about who you are. Your hair needs to represent your distinct character. For example, if you work in an expert environment, pick something traditional and lovely, classic bob or another sophisticated design. Nevertheless, if you are a very hectic mama, choosing a style that is simpler and simpler to manage will work best.\n\nJust make certain that you could risk yellowing your clothing products up and bleach the wrong clothing on accident.\n\nAttempt using a pair of suspenders if you’re not into belts.\n\nStock up your wardrobe with anti-wrinkle or easy to care for pieces if you travel regularly for work. A lot of hotels have ironing supplies available, you shouldn’t waste time ironing when you don’t have to. Don’t forget to hang great clothes must be put on wall mounts as soon as possible to keep them looking fresh and gowns.\n\nLots of people neglect glasses as a standard part of their wardrobe but overlook their eyeglasses.You can show your look. Try on various frames till you find the pair you’ll enjoy to wear that emphasize your facial features and add to your individual design.\n\nYou just need to take a bit of time so you know what is stylish each season.\n\nDevelop a budget for clothing and style accessories. You can buy a lot of clothing with a budget as long as you go shopping wisely.\n\nTry to integrate both conventional and trendy.Classic things will last for several years and you can alter the look by equipping. Wear a belt with a set of fundamental black pants.You can make your traditional shirt a little classy by accenting it with a scarf to a strong colored t-shirt.\n\nSlim jeans are very popular at the most recent jean trend.You don’t need to be skinny to use them. They will flatter the majority of body shapes due to the fact that they smooth and flatten the bottom half of the body.\n\nUse bronzer on the bottom of your cheekbones to make them to appear greater. High cheek bones complement your clothing and keep you looking fashionable.\n\nIt is very crucial to have an excellent swimwear. The match must fit the shape of your body precisely. It is essential that you use a top that fits you if your bust is smaller.\n\nDo not forget the little things in your entire look.Travel with good travel luggage, nice baggage and never go out with scruffy umbrellas or outerwear.\n\nYou require flexible pieces that works in daytime and night. If you’re a female that is really hectic, this will be especially handy.\n\nDo not use square heels if you have shorter legs.\n\nWhen you desire people to focus on your skirt, reveal it off more by using a plain t-shirt with it.\n\nNow that you have read this article, you may now see that it can be easy to look stylish. Don’t hesitate of fashion anymore. As you get comfy putting pieces together, you must have the ability to develop flattering and trendy appearances that will impress everybody. Put your newly discovered knowledge to excellent use!\n\nThey see people using elaborate clothes and get the concept that they might never look like that. Think about what you will use to work and what you will require from the town. If your shape is that of a pear, wear light colors on leading with dark bottoms.\n\nIf your appearance consists of shorts, you need to make sure that you do not wear socks that are visible. If your bust is smaller sized, then it is essential that you wear a top that fits you.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5036042928695679}
{"content": "Fahrenheit 451 Feminist Analysis\n\n1817 Words8 Pages\nWomen in Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 are dystopian novels written by Aldous Huxley and Ray Bradbury. In Brave New World, science has developed to the point where babies are “decanted” from bottles in laboratories, and are conditioned according to the society’s caste system which ranges from Alphas to Epsilons. Through manipulating embryos, conditioning children in their sleep, and keeping the adults happy with a drug called “soma”, peace is maintained. The main character, Bernard Marx, is and “Alpha” by his conditioning and inferior to other Alphas physically. He is insecure and lonely, compared to the rest of the society, because he feels that he does not belong. He is forced to contemplate about the…show more content…\nThis paper will talk about the women in both novels; how they are developed throughout, what they serve in the plot, and how the authors reflect their views about women through their works. Both Fahrenheit 451 and Brave New World show a future where women are inferior to men. Also, the authors have misogynistic views about women. But Fahrenheit 451 is heaps better than Brave New World, because it actually has more intriguing women, and is not reeking of total sexism like BNW. In Fahrenheit 451 Clarisse is the novel’s catalyst. She is affects Montag in such a way, he starts to question his society and whether he’s happy. One thing I did not like about women characters in both Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 is that they are too shallow, they are not three dimensional and they do not come to life on the pages as the male characters do. They serve as plot devices and as a way to make the men of the novel grow, contemplate and learn about themselves. They are easily discarded by the authors; Bradbury kills Clarisse before she gets a chance to develop as a character to speed up Montag’s recognition of the world around him, and Huxley reads like he was trying too hard to make the readers uncomfortable by the promiscuity of women and\nOpen Document", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998724460601807}
{"content": "Hike-in Required\nOpen Year-round\nADA accessible\nGuided tours\n\nThe bizarrely named Smoo Cave in Cape Wrath has seen human habitation for over 5,000 years. From the Norse word, \"smjugg,\" meaning hole or hiding place, the deep and well-hidden Smoo Cave is almost invisible from nearly all approaches. You don’t really notice it until you descend into it. On the surface, the only noticeable feature is the sudden hole in the middle of a field disappearing into the dark. Legends abound of murderous bandits throwing their victims down into the pool below.\n\nThe earliest archaeological evidence suggest Stone Age inhabitants, with packed shells from the Iron Age found as well. Multiple Norse artifacts have been recovered at the site that researchers believe suggest Smoo Cave was used for repairing longboats and launching raids down the coast.\n\nToday, there are several wooden platforms that make access to the cave easy and interesting.\n\nThe cave is massive. As you come down the stairs and onto the beach, you will cross a bridge giving you the first look into the wide-open mouth. The cave is nearly 20 meters wide and 15 meters high, the largest sea cave entrance in Great Britain. The main chamber is expansive and impressive with the namesake hole high in the cieling. At the back there is a wooden platform that gives you a viewpoint into the spectacular second chamber. A waterfall pours through the top of this beautiful limestone chamber. The wooden platform gives you a descent view. Mood lighting adds a slightly artificial atmosphere, but it doesn’t detract from the beauty.\n\nIf you fancy exploring further, there is a tour that you can join for £6 that takes you across the Lake Chamber to a passageway exploring the back tunnel of the cave. It is well worth it. Tours are run by Smoo Cave Tours March through to October.\n\nLogistics + Planning\n\nPreferable season(s)\n\n\n\n\nParking Pass\n\n\n\nStunning. Historically fascinating.\n\n\nVery wet in the cave. Busy. Very managed.\n\nPets allowed\n\nAllowed with Restrictions\n\n\nFamily friendly\nGuided tours\nPicnic tables\nFlushing toilets\nNative artifacts\nHistorically significant\nBig vistas\nGeologically significant\nWhale watching\nBird watching\n\n\n\nSign In and share them.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9971064925193787}
{"content": "Science Technology & Society\n\nPhysics is the branch of science pertaining to the study of different forms of matter, their properties, interactions, and transformations, etc. With a changing society came new approaches to the study of natural history, physics, mathematics, medicine, and public health. Students wishing to pursue a minor in Science, Technology, and Society must develop a specific plan for its completion in consultation with the program’s designated advisor.\n\nIt is therefore critical to understand how we may be able to best realize the potential of science and technology in improving the human condition, underpinning economic and social development, supporting human endeavors, and promoting international relations, being cognizant of and addressing societal concerns that often accompany such advances.\n\n\n\nCollege Of Science, Technology, And Health\n\n\nWood Science And Technology\n\n\nscience technology engineering and mathematics jobs, science technology news, science technology and society, science technology engineering arts and math academy at la presa\n\nAstronomy Articles\n\nOceanography, one of the important four branches of Earth Science , is the study of the oceans. Environmental technology employs economically viable and eco-friendly technologies, to apply sustainable development as a solution to environmental issues, by finding ways to save and protect the environment, and inflict minimal harm to natural resources.\n\n\nScience And Technology Research News Articles\n\nThere are gender differences in learning styles specific to science, math, engineering and technology (STEM) that teachers of these subjects should keep in mind when developing lesson plans and teaching in the classroom. Drawn from a variety of disciplines, including anthropology , history , political science , and sociology , scholars in these programs created undergraduate curricula devoted to exploring the issues raised by science and technology Unlike scholars in science studies , history of technology, or the history and philosophy of science, they were and are more likely to see themselves as activists working for change rather than dispassionate, ” ivory tower ” researchers citation needed As an example of the activist impulse, feminist scholars in this and other emerging STS areas addressed themselves to the exclusion of women from science and engineering.\n\nscience technology engineering arts and mathematics at legacy high school complex, science technology engineering and mathematics career cluster, science technology and society major jobs\nScience and technology are forms of knowledge utilized for different purposes within society. Majors take four core classes in STS: philosophy, history, and either public policy or anthropology of science and technology. Without society then there would be no science and technology and that is why the invention of certain tools and equipment have helped achieve big things.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9885706305503845}
{"content": "JoelFurchesWe are joined by the behavioural psychologist and Christian thinker Joel Furches for a conversation on his ongoing research into the contemporary phenomenon of deconversion from Christianity to Atheism.\n\nDrawing upon his background in psychology, sociology and education, Joel shares with us patterns he is finding in case-study data that may help to explain why some people abandon Christianity and turn to Atheism. Observing various commonalities in such people's backgrounds—such as \"wooden\" notions of biblical inerrancy, legalism and isolationism—Joel argues that cultural factors like these may well play significant parts in fuelling \"deconstruction\" of belief and lead to equally dogmatic unbelief.\n\nWe also talk about Christian apologetics more generally, including the term itself, and consider which approaches—evidentialist or presuppositionalist—best suit different situations.\n\n(Download Podcast HQ 128 kbps)\n\n   Download48                Download32            Open-folder-info48\n\nHQ audio          LQ audio          Notes\n\n[apologetics, evidentialism, presuppositionalism, Christianity, Atheism, psychology, guilt, dogmatism, inerrancy, creationism, legalism, literalism, fundamentalism, evangelicalism, sexuality, isolationism, Bart Ehrman, Joshua Harris, Derek Webb, Ryan J Bell, deconstruction]\n\n\nAll Rights Reserved.\n\nSSL site seal - click to verify", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000085830688477}
{"content": "Whats NEW:\n\n\n\nIn Slavic tradition \"spiders\" (павук) were traditional New Year's and Christmas ornaments. Before the Christmas holidays girls always had many tasks to complete. Besides getting ready for Malanka they also had to clean, cook and make various home decorations, like the ‘didukh’, ‘spiders’ and ‘hedgehogs’. The decorations were typically made on January 2. Girls would gather in secret, to make sure there were no men with them, and start cutting straw, stringing it on a thread and forming squares and triangles of different size.\n\n\nOn Christmas Eve 'spiders' were hung from the central beam of the ceiling. Suspended on a thread made from horse hair the decoration kept constantly spinning and moving, making the impression of a living being.\n\nApart from the ‘spiders’ people also made ‘hedgehogs’ – these were made of clay or dough with rye ears used to made the creature’s needles. Nonetheless, the \"spiders\" were always the favorite decorations. Their diamond-shaped toys actually resemble a spider's web, and the centre piece - a spider, protecting the house.\n\nSpiders have always been considered desirable in people’s dwellings, because the world was believed to have been created by a spider. There’s a belief that those who kill a spider will bring misfortune upon themsevles.\n\nAnother belief stated that if there was a spider beside you, you were to expect news! In addition to that, in folk tradition spiders are the embodiment of persistence and hard work. All the elements put together, with spiders considered hard workers and news bearers there’s no wonder they were used as a means of letting everyone know that Christmas was coming.\n\n\nThere’s also a legend, that after Jesus’ birth, when Herod the Great ordered his soldiers to find and murder every baby around, a spider came down and made an incredible web to cover up the entrance to Mary’s hide out, this way saving them both from death.\n\n#funfacts #christmas\n\n\nSearch By Tags", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.787574291229248}
{"content": "Why do we work with the eyes in Esoteric Yoga?\n\nWhy do we work with the eyes in Esoteric Yoga?\n\nWhy do we work with the eyes in Esoteric Yoga?\n\nA part of the Esoteric Yoga template is dedicated to the eyes – from a supine position on the mat, participants move to a seated position with the legs out in front (or slightly bent to support ease of posture) and then bring their awareness to the eyes themselves, and the area around the eyes.\n\nAnd there is much to be felt here – tension or relative ease; their differing positions in the eye sockets, as in one sitting more forward or higher; the eyeballs themselves feeling distended or hard; a relative numbness around that part of the face, of our anatomy.\n\nAnd yet, our eyes work overtime. As humans, we mainly tend to piece our world view together from what we gather through our sense of sight, at the expense of the other physical senses and at the expense of whole-body presence.\n\nWe direct our eyes, albeit unconsciously, to grab what we have determined we need to have confirmed of what we think we already know or want to know. And in that sense, the adage “seeing is believing” reveals its treachery – we see everything but do not want to see everything and as such, believing what we see has us depend on a narrow window into the all that is available to us to be seen.\n\nWe see what we want to see – and we don’t see what we don’t want to see.\n\nAs an example, we see but then ‘turn a blind eye’ to the distress of a son/daughter or to the lovelessness of a partner – until it is too late, and we are left to pick up the pieces. At the time, it did not suit us to acknowledge the whole picture and we dismissed and explained away what was presented.\n\nIn truth, our physical eyes are there to confirm what we have already felt; the latter, our clairsentience, providing a much vaster and all-encompassing sense of what is really going on and has been going on. We can all relate to a situation when we walked into a room and clearly felt that we could ‘cut the air with a knife’, it was that thick.\n\n“We are energetic beings. This means that we are energy well before we are the physical, dense or material matter we appear to be to the current form we make of the images our eyes receive. Let us not forget that we are assembling what we receive into an image that conforms to our ideals, beliefs and concepts and not that we ‘see’ and make real all that we actually receive to see and make real.”\n\nSerge Benhayon Esoteric Teachings & Revelations Volume III, ed 1, p 18\n\nIn Esoteric Yoga, we gently open and close our eyes three times, re-imprinting an otherwise automatic if not robotic movement, executed thousands of times each day. It is said that we spend 10% of our waking time with our eyes closed – this is astounding, is it not? Especially when we are unaware of the fact. And as such, the detail that can be felt when we bring our awareness to such fine and tiny movements of the eyes by opening and closing them in the session allows us the opportunity to deepen our presence and therefore our awareness.\n\nWhen we bring awareness to opening and closing the eyes, we keep the mind with the body and don’t let it escape into an otherwise presence, whether that be the past or the future. We put a stop to this split and the exhaustive mind-full practice of entertaining two planes of existence; one that is dominated by the mind and its meanderings if not aberrations, and one that the physical body moves in. In other words, we practise true yoga = union.\n\nThere is much to be gained from bringing that level of care and attention to our eyes and the movement of our eyelids across the eyeballs. We get to feel the warmth and protection that the lids provide (can you imagine for a moment what it would feel like and how painful it would be to not have eyelids?); we get to feel the spherical shape of the eyeballs (give or take variations for myopia, astigmatism, etc.); we learn to appreciate and love the delicateness of the movement and the harmony of the interconnectedness.\n\nThis part of the Esoteric Yoga template allows for greater appreciation and the expansion into a much vaster context, into our multi-dimensionality while being in a human body.\n\nHow truly sensitive and delicate can we allow ourselves to be?\n\nFiled under\n\nConscious presenceBody awarenessYogaClairsentience\n\n  • By Gabriele Conrad, Editor\n\n\n  • Photography: Michelle Foulser, Photographer BA Hons\n\n    Michelle is a talented professional photographer working mainly in natural light. Her work is fresh and contemporary and focuses on capturing energetic quality as it unfolds and reflecting the depth and true beauty of her subject in a still Photograph.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6801250576972961}
{"content": "\n\nWind farm shut down following discovery of red kite cadavers\n\nThe Weiler wind farm in the municipality of Wincrange has been suspended following the discovery of red kite cadavers near the wind turbines.\n\n© natur&ëmwelt\n\nOn Thursday morning, the Natur an Ëmwelt (nature and environment) association published a press release reacting to the news. The association queried whether energy produced from wind turbines is being done so to the detriment of the surrounding nature. To further demonstrate its concern, the association attached images of dead red kites found near the wind turbines.\n\nRed kites are one of the most most widespread species of breeding birds in central Europe and are especially numerous in Wincrange, having sets there. The association argued that the construction of wind farms should not be authorised in areas considered critical natural protection areas, notably where certain bird species nest.\n\nThe Ministry of the Environment immediately reacted to the news and requested a detailed report from the ornithological centre. In the meantime, the wind turbines have been suspended. The ministry added that the facility’s operation follows strict constraints in order to protect red kites.\n\nZwee “Rotmilane” an der Fleegestatioun fir wëll Déieren zu Diddeleng\n\nPDF: natur&ëmwelt press release in German", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.60659259557724}
{"content": "Brunner syndrome\n\nBrunner syndrome is a rare genetic disorder associated with a mutation in the MAOA gene. It is characterized by lower than average IQ (typically about 85), problematic impulsive behavior (such as pyromania, hypersexuality and violence), sleep disorders and mood swings.[1][2] It was identified in fourteen males from one family in 1993.[1][3] It has since been discovered in two additional families.[4]\n\nBrunner syndrome\nOther namesMonoamine oxidase A deficiency\nThis condition is inherited via X-linked recessive manner\n\n\nBrunner syndrome is caused by a monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) deficiency, which leads to an excess of monoamines in the brain, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). In both mice and humans, a mutation was located on the eighth exon of the MAO-A gene, which created a dysfunctional MAO-A gene.[5][6] The regular function of MAO-A, breaking down monoamines, is disrupted, and monoamines build up within the brain. Mice that lacked a functional MAO-A gene displayed higher levels of aggression, in comparison to mice with a functional MAO-A gene.[6]\n\n\n\nProgesterone & Rauwolfia Serpentina (containing Reserpine) are a possible treatment as they both increase MAO-A activity.\n\n\nBrunner Syndrome was described in 1993 by H.G. Brunner and his colleagues upon the discovery of a particular genetic defect in male members of a large Dutch family.[5] Brunner found that all of the male family members with this defect reacted aggressively when angry, fearful, or frustrated. The defect discovered was later found to be a mutation in the gene that codes for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA gene).[5] Brunner said that an \"MAO-A deficiency is associated with a recognizable behavioural phenotype that included disturbed regulation of impulsive aggression\".[5]\n\nA letter published by Hebebrand and Klug (1995)[7] criticized Brunner's findings for not using strict DSM criteria.\n\nSociety and culture\n\nBrunner's findings have been used to argue that genetics, rather than decision-making processes, can cause criminal activity.[8] Evidence supporting the genetic defense stems from both Brunner's findings and a series of studies on mice.[9] To prove the correlation between MAO-A deficiency and aggression in courts, it is often contended that individuals cannot be held accountable for their genes, and as a result, should not be held responsible for their dispositions and resulting actions.[8][9]\n\n\n  1. Hunter P (September 2010). \"The psycho gene\". EMBO Rep. 11 (9): 667–9. doi:10.1038/embor.2010.122. PMC 2933872. PMID 20805840.\n  2. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 300615\n  3. Brunner HG; Nelen MR; van Zandvoort P; Abeling NGGM; van Gennip AH; Wolters EC; Kuiper MA; Ropers HH; van Oost BA (June 1993). \"X-linked borderline mental retardation with prominent behavioral disturbance: phenotype, genetic localization, and evidence for disturbed monoamine metabolism\". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 52 (6): 1032–9. PMC 1682278. PMID 8503438.\n  4. Piton A, Redin C, Mandel JL (August 2013). \"XLID-causing mutations and associated genes challenged in light of data from large-scale human exome sequencing\". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 93 (2): 368–83. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.06.013. PMC 3738825. PMID 23871722.\n  5. Brunner HG, Nelen M, Breakefield XO, Ropers HH, van Oost BA (October 1993). \"Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A\". Science. 262 (5133): 578–80. Bibcode:1993Sci...262..578B. doi:10.1126/science.8211186. PMID 8211186.\n  6. Scott, AL; Bortolato, M; Chen, K; Shih, JC (2008-05-07). \"Novel monoamine oxidase A knock out mice with human-like spontaneous mutation\". NeuroReport. 19 (7): 739–43. doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282fd6e88. PMC 3435113. PMID 18418249.\n  7. Hebebrand J, Klug B (September 1995). \"Specification of the phenotype required for men with monoamine oxidase type A deficiency\". Hum. Genet. 96 (3): 372–6. doi:10.1007/BF00210430. PMID 7649563.\n  8. Halwani S, Krupp DB (2004). \"The genetic defence: the impact of genetics on the concept of criminal responsibility\". Health Law J. 12: 35–70. PMID 16539076.\n  9. Baker LA, Bezdjian S, Raine A (2006). \"Behavioral genetics: the science of antisocial behavior\". Law Contemp Probl. 69 (1–2): 7–46. PMC 2174903. PMID 18176636.\nExternal resources", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9891952276229858}
{"content": "Input surface\n\nThe surface of the resonator that receives energy from the mating resonator.\n\nBy this definition, a transducer does not technically have an input surface. However, the back, non-contacting surface may be considered as the input surface (by analogy to a horn or booster).\n\nAlso see —\nStud surface\nOutput surface", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9980438947677612}
{"content": "So everyone should be aware. I got good reviewers from the audience saying that I did well. Then I try it and train many times. The truth should be to the contrary: Nevertheless, we, the young, have to challenge them. She attended the first and second grades in Sahel. So in order to prevent a girl from becoming sexually wild, we need to cultivate her mind attitude and not cut a part of her body. I do try some writing.\n\nBut through the hard work of the writer, director and all the others, we completed the work successfully. Most of the crimes committed in our country are done by the youth. For example, our sensitization focuses on prostitutes, men who travel a lot due to their work and people who engage in sex much. The old public or traditional rationale for this act is: But some women fail to report the rape to the police because of shame, fear or risk of alienation. What is the percentage of youth in crime?\n\nHareg (haregyazew) on Pinterest\n\nI especially like the part about Tekhle and his mother. What is the reason? Mainly I want to thank eitrean public, young and old, for supporting me for my modest contribution and encouraging me. Some people say that the film was ended suddenly and it should have been continued. A short interview with Feruz follows. What is the relationship and cooperation among you actors?\n\n\nI also want to take part in singing and dancing. They learned their lesson from their mistakes. What kind of character do you like to play? In during the Independence Day celebrations I took part in the youth mass sport aerobics. So the message or theme in the songs lyrics needs to be constructive. And eriteran the younger artists, I admire: Another matter, there need to come a change of behavior. I do try some writing. After that I sang a song in the Rritrean language about the unity of the Somali people.\n\nI like other works of art dealing with the youth in general. Stay updated via RSS.\n\nIn our films, there are not many female screenwriters or directors. In addition to sports she studies Italian and French hxreg. The film opened my acting career for me. I started acting as a reserve with a second actress. The film was educational. I want to continue and grow in this profession of acting. It was hard for me to work with great artists like Moive Menges.\n\n\nIf we add self-confidence to this we, women can achieve our goals.\n\nWhen you were young, what did you want to become? So they must get enough protection and cooperation from their families and employers.\n\nNew Eritrean Comedy 2017 [{ ግርጭት }] new eritrean comedy 2017 Grcht\n\nGenerally the concerned authorities must work hard to educate the public about the law. I read books and watch many films local and foreign. Even the children can benefit better when the woman is educated.\n\nI think it was quite good. So I wanted movke study law. Does a female actress face any challenges in particular? What should a woman do if she faces the risk of rape? She can manage her family life better and she is more productive economically. The truth should be to the contrary:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8729597330093384}
{"content": "The induction of the master erythroid transcription factor, GATA1 during early erythropoiesis is critical for efficient red blood cell production. However, GATA1 is expressed at low levels in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and is moderately induced at both the common myeloid progenitor (CMP) and megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor (MEP) stages prior to lineage commitment.\n\nDiamond Blackfan Anemia is a rare disease, usually associated with ribosomal gene mutations, leading to significant decrease in GATA1 expression and block in early committed erythroid differentiation. Mild defects in other myeloid lineages are also observed, with limited clinical relevance. The importance of GATA1 downregulation in disease pathogenesis is manifested by rare patients with DBA carrying GATA1 mutations. To understand signaling pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis DBA, we perform RNA-seq with mRNA from human CD34+ fetal liver cells and found that the chromatin organizer, Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) was prematurely downregulated. Our results further demonstrated that sustained SATB1 expression is critical to maintain required levels of GATA1 protein at both the CMP and MEP stages of differentiation, but not in committed erythroid progenitors.\n\nIn mice, SATB1 is modestly expressed in HSCs and upregulated during lymphopoiesis. SATB1 is downregulated during myeloid and erythroid differentiation and antagonizes myeloid and erythroid expansion. However, in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), SATB1 is required for efficient expansion of these lineages. SATB1 maintains 78% expression in human MEPs, but is undetectable in early committed erythroid progenitors. In RPS19-insufficient human HSPCs, SATB1 was downregulated to 22% in MEPs (p=0.02). Re-expression of SATB1 corrected a significant subset of deregulated mRNAs, including GATA1 regulators.\n\nIn the absence of SATB1, one such GATA1 regulator, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), failed to be induced in ribosome-competent human MEPs, reducing GATA1 protein expression by 35.7% (p= 0.026). Concurrently, MEP expansion was inhibited by 64.5% (p=0.023), reducing erythroid and megakaryocyte expansion by 18.2% (p=0.024) and 20.4% (p=0.183) respectively. SATB1 facilitated the formation of chromatin loops linking together an enhancer element with HSP70 promoters required for HSP70 induction in early differentiation.\n\nAlthough GATA1 is significantly upregulated in committed erythroid progenitors, RPS19-insufficient human CD235+ erythrocytes express GATA1 28.4% of controls (p= 0.011). SATB1 re-expression increased GATA1 expression to 31.4% (p=0.089). Similarly, SATB1 re-expression increased CD235+ expansion from 13.9% to 39.5% (p=0.02) compared to controls. Our data indicate that premature SATB1 downregulation contributes to erythroid failure in DBA by reducing MEP expansion, but aberrant GATA1 expression observed in more mature erythrocytes is predominantly SATB1-independent. However, SATB1-re-expression improved CD11b+ myeloid expansion from 81.2% to 90.4% (p=0.045) and CD41a+ megakaryocyte expansion from 76.7% to 214.7% (p=0.038) respectively. Our results demonstrate that SATB1 plays an important role in human hematopoiesis and is an important regulator of GATA1.\n\n\nGlader:Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy.\n\nAuthor notes\n\n\nAsterisk with author names denotes non-ASH members.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9459882974624634}
{"content": "Creating Positive Math Experiences for Learners\n\nA recent article described how anxiety toward math can hinder mathematical progress. As parents and educators, how can we reduce or eliminate math anxiety through creating positive math experiences for learners? We’ve come up with some ideas.\n\n1. Focus on math as a process rather than math as a single answer.\nMany students view math as finding a single answer, where getting the right answer is good but getting the wrong answer is bad. When learners feel concerned with finding a single correct answer, they can develop anxiety toward math. In reality, math is a process that requires making conjectures, finding examples or counterexamples, trying new ideas, and collaborating. One way to help learners view math as a process is to ask learners questions such as “how do you know?” or “can you prove that?” rather than immediately confirming whether an answer is correct. Praise learners for their ability to explain their mathematical thinking, even if an answer is incorrect.\n\n2. Ensure learners have material with an appropriate level of challenge.\nIf material is too difficult for learners, it can cause learners to feel anxious or discouraged. Choose problems with multiple entry points and provide learners with various tools to help solve such as manipulatives, graph paper, or colored pencils. Knowing a learner’s Quantile measure can also help educators choose materials with an appropriate level of challenge.\n\n3. Avoid using math as a punishment.\nMany of us have probably had a teacher who assigned extra math problems when the class was misbehaving or a parent who made us do schoolwork when we didn’t complete a chore. When math is used as a punishment, it leads learners to associate negative feelings with doing math rather than feelings of accomplishment, intellectual curiosity, and joy. Find creative ways to use math as a reward instead of a punishment, for example by spending one-on-one time playing a math game with a learner or allowing a learner to use special technology such as a tablet for the purpose of doing math.\n\n4. Remain calm.\nParents and educators may feel anxious themselves about math, and learners can sense this feeling and replicate math anxiety from adults in their lives. If you feel math anxiety as an adult, try to remain calm when working with learners. It may help to review materials on your own first, prior to working with students, to give you a chance to review concepts before explaining those concepts to a learner.\n\nWhat are some ways you create positive math experiences with learners in your life?\n\nNew Partnerships Increase Use of Quantile Measures\n\nA series of new partnerships have greatly expanded the reach of the Quantile Framework for Mathematics. In the last year, Quantile measures have been added to Pearson’s aimswebPlus and Istation’s ISIP Math. Quantile measures have also become available through state assessments in Kansas and to the 15 member states of the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium. These new partnerships are in addition to the numerous state level assessments and assessment products that already report student mathematical ability in Quantile measures, including Kentucky’s K-PREP, North Carolina’s NC READY, Curriculum Associates i-Ready, HMH Math Inventory and Imagine Math. Also this year, new materials and textbooks from Pearson, McGraw-Hill, Origo Publishing and Big Ideas Learning have been calibrated to the Quantile scale, adding to the dozens already featuring Quantile skill or concept measures.\n\nQuantile measures accurately match students with instructional materials by measuring both mathematical capability and the complexity of mathematical skills and concepts on the same developmental scale. There are two types of Quantile measures: a measure for students and a measure for mathematical skills and concepts. The Quantile student measure describes what the student is prepared to learn next. The Quantile skill or concept measure describes the difficulty, or demand, in learning that skill or concept. Both measures are represented as a number followed by the letter Q (e.g., 640Q) on the Quantile scale. Quantile measures can improve mathematics teaching and learning by helping educators target instruction and determine if students are on track to pass year-end assessments and succeed in college and careers. Visit for more information about the Quantile Framework.\n\nCelebrate Pi Day with Rich Math Tasks!\n\nEvery year Pi Day is celebrated in classrooms across the nation. This year we are offering examples of rich math tasks on the topic of pi that have been calibrated to the Quantile Framework. Use these tasks in your Pi Day celebrations to help students make meaningful connections to the concept of pi. Visit to access our Pi Day resources!\n\nAnd with the roll-out of this new resource, we’re giving away a pie! What do you need to do to be eligible to win a free pie? Simply “Like” our Quantile Framework Facebook page by April 14th and you’ll be entered to win*.\n\n*Pie giveaway for residents of the United States only. Winner will be contacted via Facebook.\n\nLiterature That Will Enrich Mathematics\n\nEmbracing literature to enhance mathematics instruction in the classroom or at home benefits students by providing a richer and more meaningful perspective of mathematics. Connecting children’s literature with mathematics is an effective avenue for promoting problem solving, communicating in mathematics, and make connections between the mathematics needed in multiple disciplines. The paper “Using Children’s Literature to Teach Mathematics” presented on The Quantile® Framework for Mathematics site offers teachers and parents helpful suggestions for identifying literature that will support mathematics instruction and engage students.\n\nAn appropriate book to enhance an effective mathematics lesson should have an authentic context that includes real-life experiences, multi-cultural components, and enjoyable plots that unite mathematics and literacy. A report titled “Making Informed Choices: Selecting Children’s Trade Books for Mathematics Instruction” by S. J. Hellwig, Eula E. Monroe, and James S. Jacobs (2000) offers suggestions for identifying books that will support instruction and create meaningful and explicit connections to engage students. The article offers pointers for choosing appropriate children’s literature with mathematics topics. An appropriate book should:\n\n  • represent mathematics and other information accurately and depict mathematics relationships correctly.\n  • presents factual information, uses terminology appropriately, and portrays mathematical principles accurately.\n  • includes a format and presentation that are visually and verbally appealing.\n  • offers interest and pleasure without overpowering the text with mathematical processes and terminology.\n  • provides a context for learners to make meaningful connections between mathematics and personal experiences.\n  • easily connects the mathematical process or experience to the resolution of the story.\n  • presents concepts in a way that appeals to a range of audiences and abilities.\n  • appeals to a variety of interests, cultures, and/or experiences.\n  • offers layers of richness beyond the predictable or expected and presents exciting new views or ideas.\n  • engages students with a story that layers the unexpected with original insights or surprising events.\n\nThe study of mathematics is not just about learning mathematical processes and memorizing facts and algorithms. Mathematics becomes more visible in everyday life when students discuss the uses and advantages of applying math in various situations and recognize the necessity of mathematics in careers, personal budgets, traveling, and even games. What better way to promote those discussions when so many children’s books are available to add fun and interest to topics in mathematics?\n\nMath Circles Help Develop Students’ Problem Solving Skills\n\nAt MetaMetrics, we get excited when we see enthusiastic students and educators in our community! Just down the street from our offices is exactly what you can find on Saturday mornings: students, parents, and educators working together to solve challenging math problems as part of the Chapel Hill Math Circle headquartered at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.\n\nWhat is a math circle? A math circle is a group of students of any grade level coming together to share their passion for math through exploring challenging math problems or special topics. Math circles benefit students by providing the chance for them to solve unfamiliar problems in unique ways. In traditional math classrooms, students often learn a new skill and then immediately apply that skill to a set of practice problems. This process does not give students the opportunity to determine which mathematical concept or solution strategy should be applied to a given problem. In math circles, students see problems out of context from classroom instruction, which helps them develop the ability to solve problem, make arguments, critique others’ reasoning, and persevere through difficult tasks.\n\nIn the Chapel Hill Math Circle’s beginning group, students in first- through third-grade solve problems such as this one:\n\nA male parrot and a female parrot are talking. The one with a yellow tail says, “I’m a boy.” The one with a blue tail says, “I’m a girl.” If at least one of them is lying, who is who? Explain your answer.\n\nThis is an example of the type of problems the advanced group of high school students would solve:\n\nA polyhedron is made up of pentagons and hexagons. How many pentagons must there be? Prove that no other number of pentagons is possible.\n\nThese problems are designed to solicit deep thinking and require students to try multiple solution strategies, collaborate, propose and test conjectures, and communicate ideas using valid mathematical arguments. At the end of the school year, the math circle concludes with a Julia Robinson Math Festival, a full day of problem solving, games, and prizes, all related to math!\n\nFor more information about math circles, including how to find a math circle near you or how to start your own math circle, visit the National Association of Math Circles at For more information specifically about the Chapel Hill Math Circle and the corresponding Triangle Math Teachers’ Circle that provides professional development for local teachers, visit For more information on the Julia Robinson Math Festival, visit\n\n\nPhoto Courtesy of the Chapel Hill Math Circle\n\nCelebrate Storytelling in Mathematics\n\nSeptember 25th is Math Storytelling Day! MetaMetrics® offers Lexile “Find a Book” so that educators and families can use student Lexile® measures to make informed decisions about reading materials that both interest children and are at reading levels appropriate for them to understand the material. Likewise, on MetaMetrics offers Math Literature Guides that accompany children’s books so that teachers and parents can use student Quantile® measures to engage children with appropriate topics in mathematics. Because this is the week of storytelling in mathematics, we want to share some Math Literature Guides that serve as samples for a variety of mathematics skills and concepts.\n\nA simple topic for the early mathematics learner is working with ordinal numbers, such as first, second, third, and fourth. A fun book to read is Trouble on the T-Ball Team by Eve Bunting. The Math Literature Guide for this book offers ideas for using ordinal numbers at sports events (third quarter of a football game), in routine events of the day, or when losing the first tooth. In the Math Literature Guide, notice the blue title of the book. This means that when you click the title, you will be taken to the Lexile “Find a Book” page for that book.  On that page in the right-hand column is a drop-down menu called “Find This Book.” Select “World Cat” in that drop-down list to see libraries near your home where you might find the book. You can also select “Barnes & Noble” or “Amazon” to purchase the book.\n\nFor children a little older, another more challenging math topic is counting to a million, the subject of the book, A Million Dots by Andrew Clements.  Dots are everywhere in the book and the challenge is to find the dot that is indicated by the number on the page. The Math Literature Guide for this book offers ideas for questions that will encourage children to think critically when comparing such large numbers.\n\nGeometry topics are the subject of many children’s books. One example is Sir Cumference and the Great Knight of Angleland by Cindy Neuschwander. This book includes some plays on words about angles and circles. By fifth grade, students are learning about right angles, acute angles, and obtuse angles. So the Math Literature Guide for the book offers ideas for finding different types of angles in the book and for thinking about where angles are found in architecture, design, and nature.\n\nMathematics is everywhere in our world but can seem to be invisible unless we take the time to point it out. Reading children’s books that accentuate the uses of mathematics offers insight and appreciation for the role of mathematics in our lives. Talking about the books we read makes reading more fun as well.  Sunday, September 25, is Math Storytelling Day, so take a trip to the library where you will find books that reveal mathematics in unexpected places to kick off a week of pleasure in reading books about mathematics. Read and enjoy!\n\nStory Telling in Mathematics\n\nMany people have fond memories of mom or dad putting them to bed with favorite bedtime stories. I recall the precious memory of a parent reading a fun story just before I snuggled into bed for the night. I also have a special memory of the bedtime hour when my dad was home to tuck me in. He did not read stories to me. He gave me “algebra” problems. From the time I was in third grade and up, he would ask, “A number plus 8 is 15. What is the number?” Now as a grandmother, I play “Mystery Number” with my grandchildren at bedtime. They never fail to follow their answer with “Give me another one, Grandma!”\n\nMy bedtime memories were a good combination of mathematics and literacy. The benefits of reading to our children are enduring. Through books, children appreciate experiences of others that often relate to their own experiences, expectations, and dreams. Children’s books can also help to teach the concepts and uses of mathematics.\n\nMath Storytelling Day is coming up! According to their website, September 25 is set aside every year to celebrate the many ways that mathematics is used in our daily lives. “Math Storytelling Day is a great opportunity to get children excited about math through stories and games. Math stories can include logic, patterns, puzzles and numbers.”\n\nA great place to find mathematical resources, such as games, activities, websites, tutorials, and videos is Parents and teachers can access resources that are targeted to a child’s mathematical ability level based on The Quantile® Framework for Mathematics.  This learning community for teachers, parents, and students also includes helpful articles such as “The Quantile Framework for Mathematics in the Home.” As well as those ideas listed in the article, another simple convenient way to encourage a strong appreciation for the mathematics people use every day is to read books about math topics that inspire children to appreciate and enjoy mathematics.\n\nThe website lists children’s books that teach mathematics and offers Math Literature Guides that detail specifics about how to connect mathematics and literature. Each Math Literature Guide includes a series of questions and activities that promote ways for parent to talk about mathematics with their children. One example is the Math Literature Guide for the book Keep Your Distance, a fun and humorous book about measuring lengths with inches, feet, and miles by Gail Herman.\n\nTo celebrate Math Storytelling Day this year, the Quantile Team at MetaMetrics will share more book titles and Math Literature Guides about various topics in mathematics. Math storytelling can be an enjoyable experience for parents, teachers, and students as they focus on the ways mathematics is used daily. Stay tuned!\n\nGold in Math Olympiad\n\nThe 2016 Rio Olympic Games finished almost a month ago with the U.S. winning a total of 121 medals, which is almost double that of Britain in second place.  While we are still celebrating our nation’s athletic prowess, we should also be touting our academic success — the U.S recently won its second consecutive gold medal at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). The IMO is an annual competition for high school students held each year in a different country. The two-day competition requires students to complete 3 problems each day in 4 ½ hours. Here is an example problem:\n\n“In Lineland there are n ≥ 1 towns, arranged along a road running from left to right. Each town has a left bulldozer (put to the left of the town and facing left) and a right bulldozer (put to the right of the town and facing right). The sizes of the 2n bulldozers are distinct. Every time when a right and a left bulldozer confront each other, the larger bulldozer pushes the smaller one off the road. On the other hand, the bulldozers are quite unprotected at their rears; so, if a bulldozer reaches the rear-end of another one, the first one pushes the second one off the road, regardless of their sizes. Let A and B be two towns, with B being to the right of A. We say that town A can sweep town B away if the right bulldozer of A can move over to B pushing off all bulldozers it meets. Similarly, B can sweep A away if the left bulldozer of B can move to A pushing off all bulldozers of all towns on its way. Prove that there is exactly one town which cannot be swept away by any other one. (Estonia)”\n\nIn the podcast “Count One More Gold for The U.S. — In MathJody Avirgan interviews Po-Shen Loh, the U.S. team coach. Loh, once a team member and now a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, thinks that just as the U.S. Olympics inspires young athletes, the IMO can likewise encourage students to be interested in mathematics. “I think that mathematics is similar to sports in the sense that if you do more practice, you actually get significantly better,” states Loh. “And the big question then becomes, ‘How do we convince people that doing that practice in mathematics is a fun, fruitful, exciting thing to do?’”\n\nGood question, Professor Loh. One way we can encourage fun mathematics practice is through the use of math games. A quick internet search yields hundreds of math game sites. For a more precise approach to finding math games, teachers and parents can use the free resources available on  At the site, click “Use the Quantile Framework” at the top of home page. Then select “Math Skills Database” and “Keyword Search.” Enter a keyword such as “Operations.”  A list of Quantile Skill and Concepts (QSCs) targeted to the topic will appear. Suppose you want to practice “Order of Operations.” Click the QSC “Use order of operations including parentheses and other grouping symbols to simplify numerical expressions.” Then click” Show 18 Resources” to view the free resources calibrated to that skill. There are several math games listed to help students practice math AND have fun.  \n\nProductive Failure\n\n\n\n\n  1. Go to\n  3. Select “Math Skills Database.”\n\n\nTeaching Math with Storybooks\n\nBy reading and discussing stories with children, you can gain some insight to how they think. Herbert Ginsburg, a professor of psychology and education at Teachers College Columbia University suggests that reading and discussing math storybooks with your child can help set the stage for meaningful mathematical achievements in school.\n\nCertain books, such as counting and shape books are centered on learning math. However, there are also many books that have embedded mathematical ideas in the stories. For example, when Goldilocks sees Baby Bear’s bed and realizes it is too small, she compares the size of the beds to the bears. By doing this, she then realizes that there is a simple correlation between the two: the smaller or larger the bear, the smaller or larger the bed.\n\nStorybooks deal with mathematical information informally with patterns, spatial relations, measurements, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. When reading books with your child ask questions about what’s happening in the story, make predictions of what will happen next, and try to find the embedded mathematical skills.\n\nThe following ideas may promote your child’s math learning:\n\n  • Read books that you both find interesting.\n  • Talk with your child about what is happening in the story.\n  • Use mathematical language to describe and explain events in the book, (this square has four sides and they are all the same length, this is the biggest, which weighs the most) this should also keep your child engaged.\n  • Think about your own math experiences and if they are negative, try not to transmit those feelings.\n\nReading stories is a wonderful way to help your child understand new mathematical skills. To help you along, we have math literature guides on that can be used to introduce new mathematical skills. Literature guides are provided as a resource for the Quantile Skill and Concept (QSC) they are associated with.\n\n\n\nGinsburg, H. P. (2016, February 2). Finding the Math in Storybooks for Young Children. KQED News. Retrieved from\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8330265879631042}
{"content": "\n\nImage: Arnold Böcklin - *The Homecoming* - 1887\n\nRachmaninov — Prélude in C sharp minor, Op. 3, No. 2, 10 Préludes, Op. 23, 13 Préludes, Op. 32\n\nOn 31 July 1910, Rachmaninov wrote a letter to his old student friend, Nikita Morozov, telling him about his compositional achievements over the summer. After confiding that he had ‘only completed the Liturgy’ (the Liturgy of St John Chrysostom, Op. 31), Rachmaninov half-seriously complained ‘that was it. Then it’s all intentions and well-meaning wishes. But the worst going is with the small piano pieces. I dislike this occupation and it’s heavy going for me. Neither beauty nor joy in it.’ Within six weeks, however, he had composed 13 such short piano pieces in rapid succession, finishing them in under three weeks. These pieces were to become his 13 Préludes Op. 32 and would complete his cycle of 24 préludes for the piano.\n\nIn this, he was following in the footsteps of Chopin, Scriabin, Bach and others who had written a series of piano miniatures in all 24 major and minor keys. He was also completing a personal journey of 18 years, which started with the composition of the immensely popular C sharp minor prélude, Op. 3, No. 2, in 1892, shortly after the 19-year-old composer graduated from the Moscow Conservatory. The cycle’s next building block, the 10 Préludes, Op. 23, wasn’t completed until eleven years later, and seven more years passed before the composition of the 13 Préludes, Op. 32. Rachmaninov’s préludes differed in size and scope from Chopin’s and Scriabin’s examples, which often were vignettes, allusions, hints of worlds; Rachmaninov’s préludes were fully developed, standalone small worlds, complete within themselves.\n\nWith so many years between the first and last prélude, the cycle became a mirror and a record of Rachmaninov’s development as an artist and a composer. In contrast to the full-hearted Romanticism of the first eleven pieces, the 13 Préludes, Op. 32 present a musical world which is much more angular, muscular and edgy. Their underlying spirit is more modern too, with only two préludes possessing the unashamed, unselfconscious Romanticism of Rachmaninov’s earlier works: the G major prélude, Op. 32, No. 5, which is pure and gentle as a summer’s morning, and the G sharp minor prélude, Op. 32, No. 12—wintry, heartfelt and personal in its mood. The divide between the two worlds is particularly striking at the transition between Op. 23 and Op. 32. The opening phrase of the C major prélude, Op. 32, No. 1, with its dense chromaticism and visceral drive, immediately shatters the complex, delicate dream woven by the G flat major prélude, Op. 23, No. 10, like the herald of a new era.\n\nDespite this rift, the 24 préludes were clearly conceived by Rachmaninov as a single cycle, evident in the careful planning of tonalities in the two blocks of Préludes, Opp. 23 and 32. Moreover, he used an ingenious framing device, linking the very last prélude, Op. 32, No. 13 in D flat major with the very first one in C sharp minor through the use of motifs. The chromatic descending theme of the middle section in both préludes is identical but even more significant is the descending three-note motif, perhaps one of the most famous opening gestures in piano literature (a point certainly not lost on Rachmaninov, who was in effect forced by audiences to play the C sharp minor prélude as an encore after every concert). Rachmaninov uses this motif (transposed into the major) multiple times throughout the last prélude, right from the first bar, culminating in a triumphant fortissimo (track 24 3:52), lending a strong sense of closure and fulfilment.\n\nLooking at the individual préludes, the cycle shows an incredible variety of character, colour, texture and mood. No two préludes are fully alike; even between seemingly similar ones, like the D major, Op. 23, No. 4, the E flat major, Op. 23, No. 6, and the G major, Op. 32, No. 5 (all of which feature singing, lyrical melodies over a calmly flowing accompaniment), a careful differentiation of tempo, mood and register ensures that each prélude’s character is clearly defined. I already spoke about the gentle atmosphere of the G major prélude, not dissimilar to Rachmaninov’s song Lilacs, Op. 21, No. 5; the D major prélude is richer and less fragile, with a bigger climax, followed by the melody returning in splendour one last time, as if a very wide horizon has opened up before us. The E flat major prélude is the most heartfelt of the three, the most caring and loving—and also the most inwardly excited, with a freshness to it, an awakening, a breath of fresh air. This prélude reminds me of the many great female protagonists of Russian literature, Tatyana, Natasha and others, with their tenderness and inner strength. The real inspiration, however, lay closer to Rachmaninov’s heart: ‘it really just poured out of me all at once on the day my daughter was born (19 May 1903).’\n\nAs a more literal source of inspiration, Rachmaninov said that the B minor prélude, Op. 32, No. 10 was inspired by the painting The Return or The Homecoming by the Swiss symbolist painter Arnold Böcklin. The painting depicts a man, sitting on the edge of a pond with his back to us, looking down the hill at a small house with a single lit window. The colours are autumnal, auburns, reds, and browns, with an overcast, dusky sky above russet trees. Rachmaninov’s music is the most personal interpretation of the painting imaginable. The opening mood is sombre, solemn, subdued, with the measured alternation between the melody above and the short chords below creating an almost hypnotic effect. Later comes a tremendous buildup of repeated chords supporting a heavy melody, leading to an almost unbearably painful climax. Out of its aftermath appears a dreary, lifeless, desolate landscape. Later the opening theme is reprised and leads into a coda with the sound of steps receding into the distance. The final chord is at first in a major key, only to turn to minor at the last moment.\n\nHow to relate the music and the painting? The painting itself, of course, is very ambiguous—the scene doesn’t show a happy reunion, but just the protagonist, looking down at a house, not quite approaching. The title is like a cleverly chosen catalyst, driving our imagination to explode with possible interpretations. And I think that Rachmaninov’s prélude is one such interpretation. I see it as a masterful musical portrayal of the inner world of a man, to whom the homecoming is anything but simple and obvious. We can imagine any background story we wish, but it’s obvious that the present scene evokes very painful memories or raises painful thoughts—both the tumult of chords in the middle section and the sparse barrenness afterwards seem to speak of great inner turmoil and anguish. And the coda, if indeed those are steps receding into the distance, is just as ambiguous: whether the man takes those steps to approach the house or to turn away from it, is left for each one of us to imagine, as with the meaning of the bittersweet majorminor chord in the end.\n\nEven if we don’t know the stories behind the other préludes, their character is often clear. Elements of nature seem to be present in a few of them. The prélude in B flat major, Op. 23, No. 2, is reminiscent of Rachmaninov’s song Spring torrents, Op. 14, No. 11, which is very similar in mood and texture. The song talks about the exuberant coming of Spring and the boisterous rivers and brooks who are its messengers and forerunners. The prélude of course has no vocal part, but the middle section more than makes up for it: a melody in the tenor line is surrounded by a fully independent bass and soprano, making the piano sound like two instruments at once, in Rachmaninov’s inimitable way. Contrasting with it is the prélude in C minor, Op. 23, No. 7, which seems to depict a winter storm; mostly quiet and subdued, but flaring up to passionate climaxes. And as always with Rachmaninov, it’s never only a depiction of nature: a strong emotional undercurrent suffuses the music, giving the storm and its outbursts a very personal character.\n\nWe can also find elements of the exotic—the Scheherazade-like middle section of the G minor prélude, Op. 23, No. 5, the rhythms and melodic inflections of the B flat minor prélude, Op. 32, No. 2, which are reminiscent of the Alhambra, or the slightly bizarre harmonies of the F major prélude, Op. 32, No. 7, which is in fact written in the uncommon Lydian mode. Russian elements are there too; though rarely a folksy composer, Rachmaninov could capture the feel of a Russian fair to perfection, as in the last movement of the Suite for two pianos No. 1, in the later Étude-tableau, Op. 33, No. 6, and here in the E major prélude, Op. 32, No. 3, with its happy tumult and many bells.\n\nBells, an all-time favourite sound for Rachmaninov, are also the main feature of the C sharp minor prélude, so much so that it was nicknamed The Bells of Moscow by Western audiences. A special moment comes towards the very end when, over a series of gradually receding tolls in the bottom part of the keyboard, there appears a melody inside the right-hand chords: the first notes of the medieval chant Dies irae, which was to become a recurring motif for Rachmaninov, appearing in many of his compositions.\n\nAnd though not at all folksy in character, the D minor prélude, Op. 23, No. 3 is for me a Russian folk or fairy tale, of the dark and earnest kind. Rachmaninov marked it ‘in minuet tempo’, and while it is certainly in 3/4 time, the character—so warm, personal, with a strong sense of narrative that reaches an almost epic breadth in the culmination—is far away from any kind of stylised dance. It’s exquisitely constructed: relatively complex in structure, but completely unified through the extensive use of the prélude’s opening five-note motif, which appears everywhere throughout the piece, whether in the melodic voice, accompaniment, or as counterpoint. It also contains an exceptional moment, when time seems to stand still, and over a long-held note in the bass there’s a series of reminiscing phrases—the selfsame opening motif repeated several times, with a strong sense of loss and grief. This passes with a return to the fairy-tale character in the coda, which ends the story.\n\nApart from The Return, the 13 Préludes, Op. 32 contain two other larger-scale préludes—that in E minor, Op. 32, No. 4, and the last one, Op. 32, No. 13. The E minor prélude is a war ballad, epic in mood, reminiscent of old Russian poems, such as The Lay of the Host of Igor (or of The Lord of the Rings, if one prefers). The last, the prélude in D flat major is a magnificently constructed valedictory gesture. From its quietly proud opening chords, through a mysterious middle section to the tremendous roar of the reprise and an extended coda, it is broad, victorious and life-affirming—a wonderful close not just for this prélude or for Op. 32, but for the complete cycle.\n\nI would like to dedicate this album to the memory of my grandma, Genrietta Milman. A gifted pianist, she was one of my earliest musical inspirations, and it was under her hands that I had first heard the E flat major and G major préludes. — Boris Giltburg\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5678751468658447}
{"content": "Category: Animal Stories\n\nSadly too many men live like a lion\n\nThe lion is said to be the king of the jungle. The big cat is a symbol of raw power, courage and nobility. The lion’s formidable strength and nomadic independence inspire us. The figure of the lion emblazons coats of arms, escutcheons, everything from auto symbolism to beer or whatever.\n\nHeroic War Pigeons\n\nWorld War One, and to some extent, the Second World War, was a strange blend of archaic and modern technology. The First World War, in particular, saw many technological innovations such as machine guns, grenades, submarines, warplanes and tanks, and despite the advances in radio and communications technology, many field commanders preferred to use carrier pigeons to convey important messages. Radio sets were too heavy to carry into battle, and field telephone lines snapped easily. With a homing pigeon, one could write a message on a piece of paper, place it inside a small canister and attach it to the pigeon’s leg. Once the pigeon was released, it would invariably try to fly back home and deliver the message.\n\nHe rescued Sadie from a shelter, then she saved his life\n\nLast September, Brian Myers walked into a New Jersey animal shelter and rescued Sadie, a German shepherd, giving her another chance at life. Four months later, Sadie would do the same for him. Heather Centrella, the office manager at Ramapo Bergen Animal Refuge, said she got a call from Myers last week. It wasn’t to return Sadie to the shelter in Oakland, New Jersey, but rather to tell her what Sadie did.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8184541463851929}
{"content": "WHAT? Biden Adviser Blames TRUMP for Paycheck Protection Program Running Out of Cash\n\n(FreedomJournal.Org)- Symone Sanders, a senior campaign adviser for Joe Biden who appears regularly in the national media, made the shocking claim recently that President Donald Trump is responsible for the Paycheck Protection Program running out of money – even though the Democrats are the ones who blocked moves taken by Congressional Republicans to refund it.\n\nThe Paycheck Protection Program was set up under the CARES Act, a bipartisan piece of legislation designed to aid businesses across the United States during this unprecedented time of economic uncertainty. It quickly ran out of money, however.\n\nIn a virtual town hall event, Sanders took aim at the poor “management” of the PPP, presumably to deflect blame from congressional Democrats and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi who proudly blocked additional funding for the program.\n\n“So this is truly about management,” Sanders said. “Right, because Congress went and di their job. Congress’ job was to pass the bill to allocate the funds and it is the administration’s job to administer these funds.”\n\nSanders failed to explain, however, how she expected the administration to deliver a limited amount of money to businesses all over the country who needed more than what was provided.\n\nThen, in a push for Biden, she implies the presumptive Democratic nominee would have handled it better.\n\n“Hoe Biden has done this before, Okay?” she said.\n\nExcept, he actually hasn’t. He may have overseen some similar programs, but no American president or vice president has overseen an economic decline of this exact nature before or been required to spend so much government money to keep the economy moving.\n\nSanders said the Trump administration has “failed” at allocating those funds and that it is “unconscionable” that the money has run out.\n\nIn reality, it’s just basic math.\n\nThe average loan size given to businesses, according to Brewbound, was $206,000. That is $20,600 every week in payroll. Roughly three-quarters of all loans handed out by the government were less than $150,000, which accounted for more than $58 billion. In less than two weeks, 1.6 million loans were given through 4,900 lenders.\n\nThe simple truth is…it needs more money, and American businesses need access to these funds. But the Democrats are blocking it.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6190824508666992}
{"content": "How Hurt Renewal Can Stop H2o Transmission\n\nclick here now from water is the term for a variety of distinctive prospective losses the result of the liquid infiltrating something or procedure, which can permit harmful to your home functions like corrode progress, ageing of metal, mildew progress, microbial increase, imprinted of timber, etching of amalgamated components, and so forth. Deterioration refurbishment expert services are necessary to restore a variety of damaged, low-corrodante elements with their initial state, whenever they have been exposed to waters.\n\nH2o may be classified as outlined by its qualities. Some examples consist of: loss from pipes or taps, leaks in warmth, and dripping pipes, in addition to dampness in attics or cellars .. Should the property or home has all of these, the first main concern is to detect and remove the method of obtaining the drip your second main concern would be to restoration destruction to the ingredient or devices impacted your third main concern would be to tail off the humidity and submit an application safety films for the substance in order to avoid further more wreckage. click through the next document are, even though several different methods may be used to dry out drinking water: steaming, air con, and evaporative drying out.\n\nOnce the damage has become determined, the destruction repair method begins. try this out of specialists look at the foremost piece of this action for the reason that getting ready of your surface area part of the afflicted material. This phase includes: , 101 finish, and filling with glue.\n\nIf your surface area continues to be cleaned out, sanding, or set up, it is prepared for level.sanding and cleansing This can be the last action of the procedure, and it also commonly consists of filling up the affected region with resins that can hold up against the stress with the mineral water. Mineral water, nevertheless, should not be stopped from going through confirmed element right into a materials. Thus, stop the resins from taking it in.\n\nWetting the top the specific issue with various kinds of merchandise, although it is crucial to train on a substance that has the ability to take away the normal water. mouse click the following internet site -proof ingredients are really hefty. Consequently, when drinking water permeates the top of the ingredients, it will cause excessive excess fat on top, which often can at some point caused the merchandise to rot away, bend, or stop working absolutely. special info to this problem is the employment of an adhesive material, which seals the finish in opposition to normal water and avoids additionally break down.\n\nOther parts of hurt which may demand restoration perform consist of cracks inside the walls, doors and windowsroofs and entrances, as well as other products, which include windows 7, which are eventually left untouched for several days. If you have a big ditch within the roof structure that’s been not treated, vehicle repairs will need to be produced, either by caulking or the use of a water-resistant liner, once the hurt is severe, a mixture of deterioration repair is essential.\n\nBy way of example. Though repairs may be required for the problems for the structure in addition to the problems for the outside of the property, it might not be actually possible to fully cease all the drinking water puncture. Mineral water vaginal penetration is still developing, and the only option is to fix the harm that may be happening, or replace the destroyed elements of the structure, even if for instance, there can be areas on the town which are still left secure. In such cases, the harm mend specialized will recommend the use of a tissue layer or perhaps a memory wax to stop normal water from permeating from the tissue layer.\n\nAnother thing destruction refurbishment services can do is to make certain that the structure and outdoor of the house is really as safe as they can. In House Flood , surfaces are getting to be weakened due to the existence of water, leading to constitutionnel injury. Sometimes, a wax is used to mend the splits and deterioration that happen to be happening.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8790689706802368}
{"content": "Question: Is Echo Still Alive?\n\nWhat episode 5s dies?\n\n\nFives death (season 6, episode 4) Fives was a member of the 501st Legion along with Rex.\n\nGeneral Krell had ordered him to death during the Battle of Umbara, but Fives was spared once Krell was arrested and then executed..\n\nWhat happens to echo after Narcissus rejects her?\n\nWhat happens to Echo after Narcissus rejects her? … He mistreats Echo. He falls in love with his own reflection. He wanders away from his friends.\n\nWhat will the bad batch be about?\n\n\nWho are the members of the bad batch Star Wars?\n\nThe new official trailer re-introduces each member of the group — Wrecker, Tech, Crosshair, Hunter, and Echo — all voiced by Dee Bradley Baker. The series also teases the return of Ming Na-Wen’s elite mercenary Fennec Shand, who first appeared in the flagship Disney+ Star Wars series The Mandalorian.\n\nDid echo survive?\n\nFALL OF THE REPUBLIC He survived a Separatist attack on the Rishi Moon listening post, was decorated for bravery, and inducted into the 501st Legion. Echo and his fellow Domino, Fives, later helped defend Kamino against a Separatist invasion, and were promoted to ARC troopers after the Separatists retreated.\n\nDoes Echo survive Order 66?\n\nThe last fans saw of them, they rescued Echo, which took away the Separatists’ secret weapon. They successfully finished the mission, and Rex was all for Echo rejoining him and his brothers.\n\nWho are the bad batch clones?\n\nClone Force 99, informally known as “The Bad Batch,” was a clone commando special forces squad that was active during the Clone Wars. The squad initially consisted of four clone commandos that were designed with genetic mutations and led by Clone Sergeant “Hunter,” a clone with enhanced sensory abilities.\n\nWhat happened to Echo in Echo and Narcissus?\n\nEcho eagerly stepped out of the trees and repeated the words. … Nemesis caused him to fall in love with his own reflection he saw in a pool near the cave where Echo had died. Narcissus refused to leave the reflection of himself and, like Echo, starvation was going to claim him.\n\nWhy did echo join the bad batch?\n\nEcho, formerly a “regular” clone, joined in part because he felt he would fit in better with the outliers after being forcefully enhanced with cybernetic parts by the Separatists.\n\nWhen did echo die?\n\nThe revelation stirred a profound sense of regret inside Rex. The last time he or we saw him, Echo was consumed in the blast of a shuttle explosion while attempting the rescue of Jedi Master Even Piell (“Counterattack,” Episode 19 of Season 3).\n\nIs echo in the bad batch?\n\nThe Bad Batch were the primary new characters introduced in the final season of Clone Wars episodes that premiered this past February. One Clone, Echo — previously thought dead, but rescued from Separatist forces — was granted permission to join the rowdy, weapon-heavy group on their never-ending mission of resistance.\n\nWhat episode does echo die in Star Wars?\n\nCounterattackEcho was seemingly killed by a deadly commando droid in season 3 episode Counterattack, but Rex suspects he’s alive due to the nature of Separatists’ counterattacks.\n\nHow long is the bad batch arc?\n\n70-minuteThe 70-minute series premiere of Star Wars: The Bad Batch is quickly approaching. Soon, on May 4, we’ll see Hunter, Tech, Wrecker, Echo, and Crosshair back in action, trying to flee from a post-Order 66 world.\n\nHow does echo die?\n\n\nWhy is clone 99 so old?\n\n99 suffered from genetic and physical defects due to errors when he was being cloned.\n\nDid Rex know about Anakin and Padme?\n\n\nDoes Echo die in the 100 season 7?\n\nQueen Nia visited them and on a certain point forced the real Echo to kill Ash or Queen Nia would let them both get killed. Ash then killed the real Echo in self-defense. … In Season Seven, Echo joins a mission to rescue Bellamy, Octavia and Charmaine Diyoza from the Disciples.\n\nDid the bad batch kill Echo?\n\nThe series stars Clone Force 99, aka the Bad Batch, an elite group of Clone Troopers who were born with “desirable” defects. … The Bad Batch made their debut in The Clone Wars season 7, and they were essentially portrayed as the Clone Army’s superheroes.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9966655969619751}
{"content": "Background Information on Lwandiso Njara and his work\n\nGrowing-up in a traditional Xhosa household, Lwandiso Njara's Catholic schooling by nuns from India and Switzerland exposed him to different ideologies and technologies and his spiritual and cultural identity was thus informed by a combination of western Catholicism and ancestral rituals. He visualizes this hybrid nature of his upbringing in works poignantly questioning whether the two realms can merge as one and to what extent the technological advances have replaced the soul of a culture in a changing global environment.\n\nNjara’s new body of work ENGINEERING THE NEW JERUSALEM III - The Digital City often blatantly merges polarities in one body through using lambs, goats, cows and white doves fused with mechanical gears and engines, all acting as signifiers for the artist's own hybrid sense of identity.\n\n“I believe that my work resembles or explores the new contemporary robotic or technological African urban identity; indicative of what future cities and people could look like”, he says.\n\nAccording to Gordon Froud, HOD of Fine Art at the Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture (FADA, UJ) “…(Njara) imagines the fusion of technology and the human body as well as aspects of the animal body into a hybrid of the future. Taking the strength and instinct of the animal, the thought capacity of the human and the technical qualities of technology and combining these in an almost cyborg way into this ‘new’ creature, the African of the future. He extends this idea into machines taking on animalistic qualities almost embodying the spirit of the animal. I see his work as that of an Afrofuturist that is embracing the past and yet firmly on a trajectory to the future”.\n\nHis thematic titles and the content of his work continually alludes to the religious (Altar, God Engineering, New Jerusalem), merging it with ancestral symbols (the sacrificial goat, lamb) and technology (engineering, cogs and wheels). These threefold elements lie at the core of a recognition of the hybrid nature of his identity.\n\nHe morphs Western ideologies with his traditional Xhosa histories and cultural practise; the rural with the urban and the animalistic with technology in an effort to understand his own lived experience of a hybrid African identity in his reimagining of the future outcome of such a hybrid nature.\n\nNjara initially focused on sculpture in concrete and bronze and had significant success with entries into national competitions, solo exhibitions and participation in major group shows during the period from 2009 to 2012. His unpolished and raw three-dimensional works, depicting animals with exposed innards consisting of various mechanisms and tools or a beheaded Madonna standing on a variety of cogs and wheels, suggest archaeological findings from a disintegrating world.\n\nHe now explores his themes primarily through drawing. In his graphite and pencil drawings the approach is more detailed, softer in texture, but powerfully positioned against an often-dark background and with distinct movement of objects – birds not flying out of natural volition, but in motion through technological intervention.\n\n\nLwandiso Njara was born in 1987 in a small Transkei village of Libode, situated in the picturesque Mpondo Valley. He still derives his inspiration from his formative years spent in this rural setting. After completing his secondary education at Port Elizabeth College, he moved to Pretoria where he completed a B Tech degree in Fine Arts at the Tshwane University of Technology.\n\nSince then, he has exhibited regularly and has been the recipient of rewards such as the first prize in the Thami Mnyele Fine Arts competition (2012) as well as a merit award in the PPC Young Sculptor competition (2012) and a runner-up prize in the PPC competition in 2009.\n\nThe artist exhibit regularly with Lizamore and Associates and his work has been shown at the Cape Town and Turbine Art Fairs.\n\nHe currently resides in Cape Town.\n\n\nHomi K. Bhabha [1], one of the most prominent post-colonial theorists, views the human world as “…composed of separate and unequal cultures, rather than as an integral human world…” disseminating the prevalence of “…imaginary peoples and places” (113).\n\nHybridisation, to him, stems from colonial relationships leading to a multicultural hybrid of the own and that of the coloniser’s identity.\n\nAccording to Yannis Generalis [2], recipient of the UJ Chancellor's gold medal for most meritorious MTech (Visual Arts) research in 2020, \"A broad spectrum of socio-cultural, as well as ideological 'mixing' may be examined using the lens of hybridity. When considering hybrid identities and hybrid art, we are compelled to explore visual ambiguity, contextual density and aesthetic inventiveness as evidence of creative strategies that have evolved from hybrid influences”.\n\n“In the context of our country's post-colonial consciousness, the term 'Hybrid Vigour', when applied to the arts, may describe an intentional strategy in certain artists' work. Regenerations of expression that exhibit 'Hybrid Vigour' utilise more than one form of creative energy. In the process of accessing and activating multiple pre-existing modes, exciting new attributes begin to emerge in the artist's creative lexicon, he says.\"\n\n\nMark Dery, an American cultural critic, lecturer and author, is credited with the conception of the term Afrofuturism in 1993. [3] Broadly perceived as an artistic movement exploring the intersection between African culture/Black politics and science and technology, this term is defined as “… a cultural aesthetic that combines science-fiction, history and fantasy to explore the African-American experience and aims to connect those from the black diaspora with their forgotten African ancestry”. [4]\n\nThe allure of techno culture has drawn support not only from visual and performing artists, musicians, writers, filmmakers and fashionista, but is also perceived by academics and researchers as a powerful creative movement addressing the future of people from African descent, their relevance in contemporary society and the creation of a more just society.\n\n\nDefining identity, the dictionary [5] indicates a distinct individual personality as persistent and unchanged and with distinct characteristics and homogenous representation.\n\nThe concept of identity within the postmodern epoch as proposed by 20th century philosophers such as Lyotard [6] and Baudrillard [7] [8] is however considered fluid, fragmented and unstable and always in the process of changing due to the effects of colonialization, late capitalism, globalisation and vast technological advances.\n\nFormed by a myriad of cultural, social, economic and political influences and interactions, the postcolonial identity is a constant negotiation of the self within historical contexts and categories such as race, gender or class.\n\n[1] Bhabha, Homi,K (1994). The Location of Culture. New York: Routledge\n\n[2] Generalis, Yannis (2020). Excerpts from Master’s dissertation \"Hybrid Vigour as creative strategy in the works of Grace Jones, Steven Cohen and my own \"\n\n[3] Dery, Mark (1993). \"Black to the Future: Interviews with Samuel R. Delany, Greg Tate, and Tricia Rose\". The South Atlantic Quarterly. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.\n\n[4] Art Terms. Afrofuturism. Tate Galleries, UK Date unknown. (Accessed 15 02 2021).\n\n[5] (accessed 15 02 2021)\n\n[6] Lyotard, J-F. (1984) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Manchester: Manchester University Press\n\n[7] Baudrillard, J. (1988) Selected Writings. Cambridge: Polity Press\n\n[8] Baudrillard, J. (1994a) Simulacra and Simulation. Michigan: University of Michigan Press", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8809939026832581}
{"content": "This pair of dancing stars will one day collide and explode\n\nResearchers explain the stellar movements of the Wolf-rayet binary star system called Apep, a true oddity in our galaxy.\n\nThis pair of dancing stars will one day collide and explode\nThe star system is called \"Apep\" after the Egyptian god of chaos with the same name.\nThe star system is called \"Apep\" after the Egyptian god of chaos with the same name. (European Southern Observatory/)\n\nAbout 8,000 light-years from Earth, two stars dance. One of them takes the lead and spins aggressively around the other, with so much energy that it sucks away matter from its partner, forcing it to reveal its core. But the stationary star is powerful, too, boasting enough power to strip down the outer layers of its orbiting partner. The naked pair of stars is what astronomers call a “wolf-rayet binary star system,” and their dance will continue until they collapse into one another. Last week, a team of researchers uncovered some of the pair’s most intricate secrets.\n\nThis could be the first sighting of a fast-spinning wolf-rayet star binary system, “an idea that’s been floating around for 30 years, but we have not necessarily seen one until now,” says Mathieu Renzo, a researcher at the Center for Computational Astrophysics of the Flatiron Institute in NYC, and who was not involved with the study.\n\nSince its discovery in 2018, Apep, as researchers call this particular pair of wolf-rayet stars, has baffled astronomers. Not only is it a real oddity—we have only found a few hundred in our galaxy—but it has some extremely rare features. The pair of stars is so incredibly hot and bright, that when they spin, they create stellar winds that can go as fast as 1% of the speed of light. This stellar wind is responsible for stripping the stars to their cores, and in the process creates a halo of dust around the pair. This dust should expand at the same speed as the wind moving it—but when researchers at the University of Sydney found Apep, they noticed that its dust was moving at just a quarter of the wind speed. That shouldn’t be—the finding almost defied logic.\n\n“The logic was absolutely convoluted,” says astronomer Yinuo Han, lead author of the paper. In the paper published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, the team proposes a mathematical model that explains the mismatches they saw in Apep’s images.\n\nTo craft this model, the team first had to analyze thousands of images taken over three years at the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Chile. “It’s not like we received a JPEG file. We receive the images in a very messy, almost obscure format,” Han explains. His first task was ‘cleaning up’ the images, removing all the light emitted by other stars and stellar bodies so they could see Apep more clearly.\n\nRemoving all that light noise allowed the team to take a detailed look at the two stars. They discovered that both stars are about 10 to 15 times more massive than the Sun and more than 100,000 times brighter. It takes them 125 years to complete a full orbit around each other, at a distance comparable to the size of our Solar System, according to a press release. This movement inspired the team, led by astronomer Peter Tuthill, to name the system after the Egyptian god of chaos, explains Han. “Apep [is represented] as a snake coiled up and sort of chasing the light in the middle,” he says. “[Apep] has to fight Ra, the Sun, and they chase each other every night.”\n\nBut more importantly, they were able to figure out that from Earth, we are looking at the central star “from above” so we see just one of its poles (like the Earth, stars have poles and equator). It was precisely that last bit of information that allowed them to develop a model that might explain the difference in speeds they were observing. They measured the wind speed coming out of the pole facing Earth, but the dust was coming out of the star’s equator. “It’s a very special star where the wind from the poles is much faster than the wind from the equator,” Han says.\n\nHow is this even possible? “When you have something moving very fast, you have the effect of centrifugal force on the spinning object,” explains Renzo. This force reshapes the star, making it flatter in the poles and rounder in the center—similar to a football—which makes the wind coming out of the star’s poles faster than the one pushing dust out of the equator. Since the two stars are dancing in a circular motion, the dust doesn’t expand in a straight line, but rather one that wraps into a spiral. “As the two stars orbit one another, this dust gets twisted and sculpted into a vast glowing sooty tail,” explained co-author Tuthill in a post about the discovery.\n\nIf the model is correct, the dance of Apep will end in the most intense explosion that we know of, a gamma ray burst. If the system was pointing towards the Earth, its future explosion could erase our planet’s ozone layer, exposing all living creatures to the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. Thankfully, it’s pointed elsewhere; and having a fast spinning pair of wolf-rayet stars in our neighborhood will give us valuable information about the formation of other gamma-ray bursts, Han explains.\n\n“The field of massive stars' evolution and explosion is booming right now,” Renzo says. “But most [telescopes] look for systems that are very far away, outside of our galaxy, and so it’s difficult to have a lot of data. This system provides you with a very complex system very close, so you can have a lot of detail. It’s very important to push both these directions to understand better the life of stars.”", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8558706045150757}
{"content": "Transitions: Pathways to a Post-Carbon Future\n\nNOMIS Research Project\n\nOne of the most urgent challenges facing the human species—and the planet—is the need to transition to a carbon-neutral economy. To some, this seems an impossible task. Yet human society, ever resilient and adaptive, has undergone comparable paradigmatic changes multiple times in the past with the shift to agriculture, urbanization, the Industrial Revolution and globalization. Even more rapid transformations are associated with the digital economy, many of which are being accelerated by the current global pandemic.\n\nLike these other transitions, efforts to limit global climate change take place at many levels of society. There are agreements and directives promoted by the institutions of global governance and states. Civil society actors and social movements actively push for change as well. Corporations and industries are beginning to acknowledge their responsibilities to reduce their carbon footprints and see opportunities to gain strategic advantages over peers that lag behind. Cities, too, are often moving ahead of slow-moving or recalcitrant states, providing real-time experiments from which others can learn. New values and ethics are being articulated and embraced. The COVID-19 pandemic signals the need to pay greater attention to the relationship between humans and the environment, and states have displayed an unanticipated capacity to respond to large-scale problems at breakneck speed.\n\nTransitions: Pathways to a Post-Carbon Future is combining insights from the deep history of social transformation, the literature on technological change and a multi-sited ethnography to investigate the range of responses to climate change. It involves research and collaboration at institutions of global governance, climate change think tanks, and sites of innovation and design within specific sectors of the economy.\n\nThe project is being led by Stuart Kirsch at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor (US).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9832239747047424}
{"content": "A detailed simulation study of three-dimensional laboratory experiments, representing steamflooding in a tar sand reservoir underlain by a communicating water zone was conducted to validate a thermal simulator and to delineate important process effects. Four experiments which included effects of injection rate and unconfined patterns were simulated. The same input properties were used in all runs.\n\nCalculated results agree well with the measured data for oil production rate, cumulative oil recovery, produced water/oil ratio, temperature profiles in the model at different times, and the oil saturation profile at the end of the flood for all experiments. The linear model for three-phase oil relative permeability predicts steamflood residual oil saturation more accurately than the Stone's II model. For unconfined patterns, a significant portion of displaced oil can escape through the bottomwater zone.\n\nReferences and illustrations at end of paper.\n\n\nComputer simulations are widely used for field-scale performance calculations of steam injection processes. However, some major differences have been observed between the field data and the simulator-predicted performance.1 These differences are generally attributed to the lack of detailed reservoir geology, relative permeability data, three-phase oil relative permeability models, and/or migration of fluid across the reservoir boundaries. Therefore, to lower the uncertainty in the predictions, a (non-unique) history match of the observed field data is often performed as a prelude to process variation or parametric studies.2,3\n\nThree-dimensional, scaled, physical models have also been extensively used to investigate and predict steamflood performance.4,5 High-pressure models employ actual field crude oil and reservoir pressures and temperatures. Thus, they represent real compositional and flow behaviors of the crude oil. However, all parameters are not scaled in physical models. Numerical models, on the other hand, sometimes employ simplifying assumptions or semi-empirical models to describe complex processes; for example, three-phase oil relative permeability and high-temperature rock-fluid interaction. Therefore, physical and numerical models can complement each other as a means of investigating process mechanisms.\n\nPhysical models are ideal for validating numerical simulators and for evaluating modeling and input parameters. They have simple geology, well-defined boundary conditions, and known initial saturations. In addition, detailed injection and production data, temperature profiles, and residual saturation profiles are generally obtained in a laboratory model study. However, little published information is available on detailed comparisons of three-dimensional laboratory vs. numerical model studies.\n\nShutler 6 simulated one-eighth of a five-spot laboratory experiment using a two-dimensional, wedge-shaped, cross-sectional (x-z) model. Shutler showed good comparison between the calculated and measured cumulative recovery curves. He did not compare any other measured and calculated data.\n\nCoates et. al.7 compared Intercomp's three-dimensional model against Shutler's6 data and Getty's laboratory experimental data for a quarter of a five-spot model. They compared the cumulative recovery curves and temperature contours for one experiment and showed reasonable agreement. The discrepancy between the model and observed data was speculated to be caused by the inhomogeneities in the sand pack, non-uniform initial oil distributions, and relative permeability curves and their temperature dependence.\n\nThis content is only available via PDF.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9913650155067444}
{"content": "Beware any politician talking about the coloured tapes of bureaucracy\n\nSome of the Australian media on May 8 2019 began quoting the current Prime Minister, Scott Morrison, over his concerns about the “green tape” of environmental laws and something called “the expansion of union “red tape””. (Nine Australia’s papers, paywalled) Crikey’s Bernard Keane asks “Does Australia really have a ‘green tape’ crisis?” (paywalled) and proceeds to answer, No we don’t. But where there is Green Tape, the Red Tape of occupational health and safety (OHS) follows.\n\nWhat Morrison means by “union red tape” is unclear. The newspapers included this quote from him:\n\nLogin or subscribe to SafetyAtWorkBlog to continue reading.\nCategories campaign, government, law, Leadership, manslaughter, Morrison, OHS, politics, Premium, red tape, safety, transparency, Uncategorized", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7268496155738831}
{"content": "Uncategorized · 5월 3, 2021 0\n\nBlackjack-a popular game in online casinos However, the dealer\n\nBlackjack-a popular game in online casinos\n\nThe basic game consists of three parts: betting, blackjack play, and dealer call. The first part, betting, involves the ball player betting on the amount you wish to bet, called “buy”. The next part, playing blackjack, includes paying the full amount of the bet, also known as “payout”. The third and final section of the game is simply to call the dealer and lose your bet. In order for the player to win, he must beat the dealer’s blackjack card rating. Optimum card class in a blackjack hand is “Nine”, with Aces, Kings, Queens, Jacks and Tens being lower.\n\n\nAnother basic technique for Blackjack may be the range game strategy. This is basically a variation of the typical strategy of card matching. This allows players to see in case a particular combination of cards is worth the stake. 카지노사이트 If so, the ball player bets exactly the same amount but plays conservatively with much fewer hands. Using this method, your chances of gaining significant profits increase.\n\nBlackjack in some casinos is named River Blackjack. In this variant, the player goes to a river having an open table. In a normal blackjack game, two players sit at opposite ends of a table facing one another. In River Blackjack, both players sit opposite one another but are put at opposite ends of the table from where they started the game.\n\n\nThe Twenty-One card game is among the most popular games in the world. In this version of Blackjack, players are blindfolded and receive a deck of cards. Then your numbers are drawn. Following the player sees the number coming out, 21 is named and everyone gets exactly the same amount because the cards drawn.\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7328749895095825}
{"content": "Smoke Systems\n\nHigh performance two stroke engines scavenge the exhaust stream in order to increase power output.  If smoke producing fluids are injected into the exhaust stream before the muffler i.e. right at the cylinder they will be drawn back into the cylinder and burned along with the ordinary fuel/oil/air mixture.  This may cause the engine to overheat.  That is, if you believe that mixing the smoke fluid with the oil/gas mixture and then running it through the engine would not be a problem, then it may be OK.  Consider, however, that adding additional oil may cause overheating.\n\nIf you install a smoke system, the fluids should be injected AFTER the tuned scavenging chamber, not before.  A properly installed smoke system in the Top 80, for example, requires the injector to be placed just before the muffler rather than adjacent to the cylinder (the scavenging system).", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9342623949050903}
{"content": "Tokyo “Might” Be Uber’s First Asian Launch\n\nTechCrunch’s Kim-Mai Cutler and I are in the Land of the Rising Sun this week, completing a series of startup interviews and talks, and guest moderating TechCrunch Disrupt Tokyo 2012.\n\n\n\nWhen asked directly whether or not Tokyo was absolutely the company’s first choice for an Asian launch, he said “possibly,” explaining that Uber’s Asian launch strategy was contingent on getting the right people involved. He also mentioned that the startup, which has raised a total of $49.5 million in funding thus far, had someone on the ground in Hong Kong, but Japan was the first city he personally had visited.\n\nIf the company does choose to launch in Tokyo first, it faces, just like it’s faced everywhere else, challenges from all sides. The city of Tokyo is glutted with taxis since Japan’s economic downturn eliminated many other forms of gainful employment, around 58k licensed cabs at last count. It’s unclear whether the startup, which doesn’t own any black cars itself, would require a license of transportation from either the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism or the Tokyo Metropolitan Transportation department to operate here.\n\nIt’s also unclear whether Hong Kong, which already boasts a few taxi apps, would be a better market for Uber than Tokyo with regards to regulation and demand. Despite the influx of cabs in Tokyo, it’s still an incredibly laborious trek to the Narita International Airport, which is about a two-hour bus or train ride away from Tokyo’s city center. A taxi to Narita costs a prohibitive $300 and might even be slower than a bus, because taxis have to clear a series of tolls to leave Tokyo proper.\n\nWhat is clear is that, despite increasing setbacks and criticism, Kalanick remains singularly focused on expanding the Uber platform and is full speed ahead as far international plans are concerned. The CEO, who ended up taking a bus to and from the airport during his stay in Nihon, was headed to the US for a pit stop, then Australia next.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7989212870597839}
{"content": "Quick Answer: How Do You Write Logistic Regression Results?\n\nWhat does a logistic regression tell you?\n\n\n\n\nHow do you describe regression results?\n\n\nHow do you analyze multiple regression results?\n\nInterpret the key results for Multiple RegressionStep 1: Determine whether the association between the response and the term is statistically significant.Step 2: Determine how well the model fits your data.Step 3: Determine whether your model meets the assumptions of the analysis.\n\nHow do you interpret regression output?\n\n\nWhat is the output of a regression in ML?\n\nIn Regression, the output variable must be of continuous nature or real value. In Classification, the output variable must be a discrete value. The task of the regression algorithm is to map the input value (x) with the continuous output variable(y). … Regression Algorithms are used with continuous data.\n\nWhat is logistic regression with example?\n\nLogistic Regression is one of the most commonly used Machine Learning algorithms that is used to model a binary variable that takes only 2 values – 0 and 1. The objective of Logistic Regression is to develop a mathematical equation that can give us a score in the range of 0 to 1.\n\nWhat are the limitations of logistic regression?\n\n\nHow do you interpret OLS results?\n\nStatistics: How Should I interpret results of OLS?R-squared: It signifies the “percentage variation in dependent that is explained by independent variables”. … Adj. … Prob(F-Statistic): This tells the overall significance of the regression. … AIC/BIC: It stands for Akaike’s Information Criteria and is used for model selection.More items…•\n\nHow do you know if a coefficient is statistically significant?\n\nIf the p-value is less than the significance level (α = 0.05)Decision: Reject the null hypothesis.Conclusion: “There is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant linear relationship between x and y because the correlation coefficient is significantly different from zero.”\n\nWhen should logistic regression be used?\n\n\nWhy do we use multiple regression analysis?\n\nFirst, it might be used to identify the strength of the effect that the independent variables have on a dependent variable. … That is, multiple linear regression analysis helps us to understand how much will the dependent variable change when we change the independent variables.\n\nWhat is multiple regression example?\n\n\nWhat is the regression coefficient?\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9920070171356201}
{"content": "USAREUR's Persistent Presence\n\nWednesday May 7, 2014\n\nWhat is it?\n\n\nThe exercises, conducted by U.S. Army Europe Soldiers and host nation forces, are a demonstration of U.S. commitment to NATO and to the nation’s collective defense responsibilities through increased ground, air, and naval force presence. The intent of the supplementary exercises is to reassure NATO allies that the U.S. commitment to meeting the nation’s Article 5 obligations is unwavering. This action comes at the request of the host nation governments who have welcomed U.S. troops inside their sovereign borders.\n\nWhat has the Army done?\n\n\nWhat continued efforts does the Army have planned for the future?\n\n\nThe exercises are all part of the U.S. Army Europe annual training and exercise schedule designed to achieve the command’s strategic objective of enhancing security cooperation and interoperability within the European theater.\n\nWhy is this important to the Army?\n\nThe Army has a duty to demonstrate America’s land force commitment to NATO and U.S. collective defense responsibilities. A persistent presence and rotational training in Europe helps to reassure our allies as it builds the Army’s ability to function in joint, multinational, multiservice and interagency environments, and sets the conditions for creating effective coalitions.\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8771900534629822}
{"content": "Three reasons to wave goodbye to steel\n\nJon Lawson\n\nComposite materials are not a new concept, but advancements in technology mean that these materials are beginning to surpass traditional building resources in popularity. Nick Cowley explains the advantages of choosing a composite over steel\n\nAccording to discoveries by archaeologists, the earliest examples of composite materials were documented through ancient tomb paintings, illustrating the combination of straw and mud to build homes and other structures. Composite materials are certainly not a new concept, but technology advancements mean that the benefits these materials afford is seeing them surpass traditional building resources.\n\nLightweight and low cost\n\nAs a general rule of thumb, composite materials are significantly lighter than traditional alternatives. Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) composites, for example, are 80 percent lighter than steel and 30% lighter than standard aluminium. For the transportation, infrastructure and aerospace industries, this weight reduction can dramatically lower the cost of transportation and installation. The potential to ease the installation process may be music to the ears for many end users, but the benefits of lightweight composites go beyond this basic advantage.\n\nOpting for a lighter alternative can generate long-term operational savings. For example, NASA and Boeing recently collaborated to develop the world’s lightest and largest composite cryogenic tank. The tank was created using lightweight composite materials and was designed to hold fuel on deep space missions - a positive step towards a NASA objective to reduce rocket launch costs by 2%.\n\nThe lightweight properties of composite materials can also assist in adhering to industry regulations and mean reduced health and safety hazards. Something that is 80% lighter than steel is much less likely to cause serious injury during installation if it were dropped while being moved.\n\nStrong yet flexible\n\nHumans have been combining materials to create stronger and denser compounds for years, so it comes as no surprise that composites have become the material of choice for modern aircrafts, civil structures and automobiles. However, compared to the ancient approach of combining mud and straw, today’s composites are increasingly complex and, in turn, much more flexible.\n\nBy combining specific resins and reinforcements, end users are able to meet the specific strength requirements of any application. For design engineers, this provides the flexibility to tailor the properties of the final product depending on what the product will be used for and the stress it is likely to be exposed to.\n\nThe specific strength of a material, also known as its strength-to-weight ratio, is a vital consideration during product design. Steel is indisputably strong, but in comparison to its heavy mass, the strength-to-weight ratio is relatively poor. As an alternative, engineers and designers are beginning to discard traditional heavy-duty metals and are choosing strong - but lightweight - alternatives instead, like GRP.\n\nComposite materials also come out on top when measuring tensile strength. Tensile strength describes the amount of stress, damage or friction a material can withstand before it breaks, cracks or bends out of shape. Ultimately, the strength of composites can vary depending on its design factors, however, the tensile strength of a composite material can range up to 2,410 mega-pascals (MPa) compared to a disappointing 690 MPa for steel.\n\nDurable with low maintenance\n\nThe popularity of steel came about due to its long-term durability. Admittedly, the long-term sturdiness of modern composites is slightly harder to estimate, as many modern composite structures in use are yet to reach the end of their lifespan.\n\nFor example, the first all-composite bridge in the United States was installed more than 20 years ago and has been in constant service ever since. Despite dealing with repeatedly applied loads, the bridge shows no sign of damage. Judging by this example and the low levels of wear on many other composite structures, it would appear that composite materials rival their metal predecessors for durability.\n\nIt is not only brute force that composite materials are able to withstand. Composites are also robust when dealing with adverse weather conditions. Unlike metal, composites will not warp, shrink or rust. They also hold up well against environmental factors like UV damage, temperature changes and chemical exposure. Composites are unlikely to suffer from unexpected damage and as a result, require virtually no upkeep, keeping maintenance costs to a minimum.\n\nThe technological advancements of composite materials have come a long way since the straw and mud used by the ancient Egyptians. However, the advantages of this manufacturing concept have remained the same; taking the individual benefits of a number of different materials to create a superior product.\n\nNick Cowley is country manager of composite technology specialist, MCL Group.\n\nRecent Issues", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9983521103858948}
{"content": "for anytime\n\nin all languages\n\n\nHet geheim van Delft\n\nMaurits Binger / NL, 1917 / 62 min.\n\nLily Bouwmeester and Annie Bos, two divas of the early Dutch cinema, star in this spectacular production by Maurits Binger’s Hollandia Film company. A striking feature of this successful mix of crime and melodrama is its ingenious use of tinting and the action scenes: Annie Bos let herself be tied to the wing of a windmill for the film’s final scene.\n\n\nHow does that famous Delft Blue pottery acquire its beautiful shine? The nephew of an inventor working for an earthenware factory is determined to worm the secret out of his uncle even if it means the poor man gets sent to prison. The inventor”s daughters Lily Bouwmeester and Annie Bos turn the tables in a spectacular final scene, with a key role reserved for a classic Dutch symbol, the windmill.\n\nBinger”s ninth feature film was long regarded as lost, but was recovered and restored to its former glory by the Filmmuseum in 1995. The restoration also highlighted Binger”s resourceful use of tinting, employing different gradations of colour. Sometimes he even varied the background colour within a single take.\n\nWith live musical accompaniment by pianists Daan van der Hurk and Anne-Maartje Lemereis.\n\n\n\nMaurits Binger\n\nProduction year\n\n\n\n\nOriginal title\n\nHet geheim van Delft\n\n\n62 min.\n\n\n\nPhoto50846 0\nGeheim van delft", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999181628227234}
{"content": "Improving Virtual Meetings\n\n\nThe demand for virtual meetings increased as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic closed offices, introduced social distancing and halted business travel. As the COVID-19 threat shifts and offices reopen, virtual meetings will continue to be a viable way to conduct business with employees, customers and other stakeholders.\n\nVirtual meetings require more planning than in-person meetings to be effective. Here we explore the common challenges and best practices to help meeting leaders drive", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.000004768371582}
{"content": "A Game of Thrones Boardgame\n\n$949 $799\n\nA game of warfare, diplomacy, and intrigue, based on George R.R. Martin’s fantasy novels. View larger.\n\nClaim the Iron Throne\n\nBased on the bestselling fantasy novels by George R.R. Martin (now a hit HBO series), A Game of Thrones: The Board Game draws players into a war-torn world of sun-scorched sands, lush forests, and chilling northlands. Each player takes control of one of six Great Houses of Westeros, then sets out on an epic campaign of combat and politics to secure total dominance.\n\nThis board game includes clear, detailed rules to guide you through setup and gameplay. Play begins when each person receives an army of footmen, knights, siege engines and ship units as well as a set of order tokens and other necessary components. Each player also receives a deck of unique house cards, which represent important characters from A Song of Ice and Fire and are used as leaders in battles against rival houses.\n\nVibrant Art and Intricate Detailing\n\nA Game of Thrones: The Board Game captures the most memorable elements of George R.R. Martin’s popular series. The detailed board represents an accurate map of Westeros, and the tokens and cards convey many of its most significant locations and characters. Attractive marbled plastic figures shaped as footmen, knights, ships, and siege engines display your military might to the realm while contributing to the game’s overall medieval aesthetic.\n\nGame board is enhanced with figures, battle cards, tokens, and overlays.\n\nRaise Your House to Dominance\n\nGame play proceeds over the course of ten rounds, after which the player who has claimed the most areas containing castles or strongholds is declared the winner. If at any time throughout the game a player controls seven such areas, that player may immediately claim victory.\n\nEach round in the game is made up of three phases: the Westeros Phase, the Planning Phase, and the Action Phase. The Westeros Phase represents special events and the day-to-day activities in Westeros. In the Planning Phase, players secretly assign orders to all of their units. This portion of the game emphasizes diplomacy and deduction. Can players trust their so-called allies, or is a timely betrayal in the making? Finally, during the Action Phase, orders are revealed, alliances crumble, and fierce battles decide the players’ fates.\n\nHouse cards include characters from\nA Song of Ice and Fire. View larger.\n\nDetailed player screens conceal\nyour strategic planning. View larger.\n\nA World of Intrigue, Diplomacy, and Warfare\n\nFragile alliances will form and break over the course of each game, as players promise support to neighboring Houses only to betray them for their own selfish ends. But beware; as the war unfolds, the barbaric Wildings (which are controlled automatically by the game) work to amass their forces in the far north. Players must occasionally set aside their differences to face a common foe–or face the consequences together.\n\nA Game of Thrones: The Board Game draws you into a vibrant gaming world, bringing your favorite characters to life. The board resembles paint on distressed parchment for an old-world look, while the token and card art exhibits intricate detailing fans of the novels will recognize and enjoy.\n\nWhat’s in the Box\n\n\n1 disponibles", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6525473594665527}
{"content": "RealTime IT News\n\nSourceforge's Mirrored Content Gets a Hand\n\nWith over 180,000 open source projects in its repository, SourceForge.net has a lot of files it needs to track and serve.\n\nIt can become a challenge to manage all those downloads. For the most part, Sourceforge relies on a system of globally distributed mirror sites that help to deliver open source application files and programs to users.\n\nNow, the mirror system itself is gaining a new mirror in the US thanks to a donation from network vendor CDNetworks. The mirror will help Sourceforge manage its open source delivery efforts, and the growth of those efforts.\n\nThe new mirror brings the total number of Sourceforge mirrors globally to 18 and comes at a time when content providers are increasingly looking to content delivery networks like CDNetworks and its chief competitor Akamai to reliably distribute and deliver content.\n\nBeyond that, CDNetworks is staying coy on costs involved.\n\n\"The value is purely expressed in Gigabytes used because we don't have an exact knowledge of what the volume will be,\" Robert J. Gribnau, vice president of sales, CDNetworks US and Europe, told InternetNews.com.\n\n\"If you use the market rate times the volume that will provide a value. It's material enough that I can't share the usage numbers.\"\n\nGribnau noted that current market rates hover between 20 and 25 cents per gigabyte. SourceForge VP Jay Seirmarco told InternetNews.com that on a typical day the mirror network serves 3 million downloads, though that's a number that can spike upwards. Seirmarco noted that on Wednesday of this week the SourceForge mirror network served 3.9 million downloads totaling 30.1 Terabytes of data.\n\nSourceForge has two types of mirror sites in its delivery network, partial and full. The CDNetworks deployment is a full mirror and represents approximately 8 TB of open source data.\n\nSeirmarco explained that SourceForge directs traffic to its mirror network by way of a redirector. The redirector does an IP lookup and figures out where someone is located and then autoselects a mirror based on the address. A user can also select a mirror manually if you have a preference.\n\nThough CDNetworks has a network of 65 nodes around the world, the new SourceForge mirror will be co-located at one of CDNetworks US nodes. Gribnau noted that SourceForge will get dedicated infrastructure and will not be shared across the broader global network. He added that CDNetworks already has one SourceForge mirror operational in Korea, so the US mirror represents and expansion of the donation.\n\nAs to why CDNetworks is donating the network capacity, it's simply a matter of giving back to open source and investing in open source. Gribnau commented that CDNetworks benefits from open source and uses it in its own infrastructure.\n\nOne of the key open source tools used by both CDNetworks and SourceForge is the rsync application that helps to synchronize multiple nodes in a distributed computing environment.\n\n\"In some countries it is non trivial to have a mirror with many TeraBytes of storage and just to sync that is a challenge,\" Seirmarco said.\n\nHe added that SourceForge must synchronize multiple-terabytes of data across the mirror with no errors and its something they do reliably day after day.\n\n\nWith the new mirror donation SourceForge may also get a leg up on its competition. For a time SourceForge had no real large competitors in the open source code repository space. That has changed in recent years with the launch of Google Code in 2006.\n\nSeirmarco doesn't necessarily see Google Code as a competitor though he did note there is a degree of co-opetition. He added that in his view it benefits the open source world generally that there are choices.\n\n\"We in many ways are our biggest competitor,\" Seirmarco said. \"We have to improve our offering and I think that we're best positioned to offer open source.\"", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.528961718082428}
{"content": "• NX CAM Tutorial\n\nNX CAM QuickTip - Generate operations and save part files at the push of a button?\n\nIs it possible to integrate a function in NX that generates an operation with just one click and saves the partfile? This question reached us via the comments after our last QuickTip. Actually, the answer here is \"No, that's not possible!\", but we didn't want to give up on that and looked for a way and finally found it.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9977573752403259}
{"content": "So Potent Art\n\nActor and author Emily Carding’s latest book So Potent Art: The Magic of Shakespeare (due July 2021), explores how Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets are suffused with magic, prophecy, astrology, alchemy, herbalism, witchcraft, hauntings, and divine intervention. Emily (left, pictured as Richard III) talks about her background; where Shakespeare (and his audience) came across their knowledge of magic; whether it’s actual or metaphorical; what we’ve learned from the documentary The Wizard of Oz; paraphrasing Arthur C. Clarke’s Third Law; how the supernatural was perhaps less fantastical back then than it is now; reclaiming pejorative terms as empowering; and the always-important reminder that we should look to our own sources of beauty and inspiration. Be the light! (Length 21:53)\n\nEpisode 597. Lady Macbeth Herself", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.999903678894043}
{"content": "WFC Mag'\n\n‘To further women’s advancement, we need to radically change our approach’\n\n11 December 2020\n\nWhat kind of impact is the current crisis having on society, and women in particular?\nThere is a growing gap between urban and rural populations. In rural areas, schools are shut down. Yet, for millions of women and children, there are no alternatives to in-person education because they lack electricity, computer equipment, an internet connection for remote learning, etc. Low-income neighbourhoods in big cities are also facing these kinds of problems, which points to a different sort of gap, one of inequality within cities. We need to resolve these structural inequality and social rights issues quickly, especially if we want to help women, as they are all too often the first to be affected by such realities.\n\nWhat do you think should be done?\n\nMajor crises like this one create a lot of opportunities. To further women’s advancement, it’s time to radically change our approach and discard any strategies that have already failed. It’s hard to control everything everywhere at the exact same time. So, we’d do better to select a few countries and set out concrete objectives for women’s socioeconomic progress. This should be done in clearly defined sectors such as mining, construction, education and the public sector. The next step is to determine action targets and establish a timeline for their implementation while mobilising social activists, corporate actors and political leaders. General recommendations aren’t going to cut it.\n\n\nWhat barriers continue to stand in the way of gender equality?\nThere are still a lot of them, starting with the psychological barriers men experience. But women have them, too, and sadly some feel they can’t break the glass ceiling and get the senior positions they want. But they can! We have to break down these barriers one by one. That demands concrete action and is exactly the approach I took in Mozambique with my team, in partnership with UNICEF, in the area of girls’ primary education. We need accurate data to identify stumbling blocks, including those within families, and find the right course of action.\n\nAnd in the corporate world?\n\nThe same approach applies. We have to define specific indicators to know how to achieve our goal of equality: what is the proportion of women in management bodies, boards of directors and leadership roles at all levels? I was successful in doing this in Kenya, where we put every major company to the test. We showed them that it was in their best interest, including performance-wise, to change. We even recommended certain female executives to them. It was a very concrete approach. Once again, generalities just don’t get the job done. We can also build on the best practices of companies like Ecobank Group, which has been successful in promoting women on a massive scale, and we can ensure that others learn from this type of initiative.\n\n\nAny final thoughts?\n\nWe have to do more than just set objectives; we have to show people how to achieve them within a given time frame. I know that women are ready. What I tell young women, especially those in the business world, is that you have the skills, so don’t be afraid to use them.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9753831028938293}
{"content": "Joe Biden will take over the office as the 46th President of the United States on 20th January 2021. There are various speculations about the fact that how will Biden run his office for the upcoming four years and will his term of office be similar to that of the former President Barack Obama or will he carve out his distinct image as Joe Biden.\n\nBarack Obama was the first Black President of the United States and his elections were dealt with quite a lot of enthusiasm. It was his style and way of working that led him to win the Presidential elections for the second time wherein he served as the President for eight consecutive years.\n\nHow is the situation different in the case of Joe Biden?\n\nWhen Obama became the President, the supporters of Bernie Sanders (Left Bloc of the Democratic Party) did not put any pressure on him and were not forceful during his term as the President. The things are not similar when it comes to the win of Biden. This is because, for these four years, the people of America were subjected to the dictatorial rule led by President Donald Trump. The people strongly opposed this dictatorial rule.\n\nBernie Sanders’s withdrawal from the race for the choice of the nominee from the Democratic Party paved way for Joe Biden to become the final candidate from Democratic Party contesting in the Presidential elections. However, the supporters of Sanders (with Left programmers) have successfully won, both in the Senate and the Congress as well. When it comes to the State Legislatures, the progressives have shown a better performance with big numbers.\n\nThe Problem of Majority that might arise\n\nThe current majority of the Senate is in the hands of the Republican Party and the Democratic Party is just two seats away from taking over the Republican Party to get the majority. The elections that are going to be held in January 2021 will decide the final winner of the Senate, whether the Republican Party will continue to hold the majority of Democratic Party will succeed.\n\nIf the Democratic Party is unable to win the two seats in the Senate to acquire a majority, it would make the administration for Joe Biden very tough. President Donald Trump is planning to contest again for President in 2024 and is very much dissatisfied with the defeat that he is encountering. The Republican Party will use their majority against Joe Biden (used by the GOP) and will block the bills, especially those bills that will make Biden popular amongst Americans.\n\nThis will highly affect the administration because Joe Biden will then not be able to freely execute out his schemes. He is currently working on similar lines as Barack Obama when it comes to his policies but the time ahead is going to be tough if the Party is unable to win the two Senate seats.\n\nBy wpadmin", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.983947217464447}
{"content": "Quick Answer: Can Bailiffs Use Police To Gain Entry?\n\nCan bailiffs turn up without warning?\n\nBailiffs, Have not received a Notice of Enforcement.\n\n\nThat doesnt mean you are off the hook for the debt, it means the bailiff will find it difficult to recover it or recover their enforcement fees..\n\nWhat bailiffs Cannot take?\n\nBailiffs can’t take:things that belong to other people – this includes things that belong to your children.pets or guide dogs.vehicles, tools or computer equipment you need for your job or for study, up to a total value of £1,350.a Motability vehicle or a vehicle displaying a valid Blue Badge.\n\nWhat can a bailiff take from my home?\n\nFrom your home, bailiffs can take any items that belong to you, any jointly-owned items, any cash, cheques, or other monetary items you may have such as bonds or pawn tickets. They can’t take any items that are leased or on hire-purchase or any items that belong to somebody else or a child.\n\nCan enforcement officers enter your property?\n\nCan High Court bailiffs force entry? High Court enforcement officers (HCEOs) will try to enter your home to look for goods, but they can’t force their way in on the first visit. This means they can’t: push past you.\n\nCan I become a bailiff with a criminal record?\n\nTo become a certificated bailiff, an applicant needs to: Satisfy a county court judge that they do not hold a criminal record, are a fit and proper person to hold a certificate and have sufficient knowledge of the law.\n\nCan a bailiff refuse a payment plan?\n\nIf you have to pay the debt in a set time You might be asked to pay your debt back within 6 months or a year – for example, if you have a council tax debt. Bailiffs can’t ask you to pay within a set time if you’re in a situation that makes it hard for you to deal with them.\n\nCan bailiffs check DVLA?\n\nBailiffs should always check the DVLA and Hire Purchase Index to confirm ownership of a vehicle before taking it into control. … But they can’t take your vehicle if it’s parked on someone else’s private land, unless they have a court order allowing this.\n\nWhat happens if you can’t afford a court fine?\n\nIf you don’t, the court can: take the money from your wages or benefits. send bailiffs to your home to collect what you owe – you’ll have to pay bailiff’s fees as well as your outstanding fine.\n\nWhat do you do if a bailiff knocks on your door?\n\nContact National Debtline who can explain the situation for your specific debt. When a bailiff can’t force entry you should not let them in. The first key rule of dealing with bailiffs is don’t open the door to them unless you have talked to a debt adviser who says they can force entry.\n\nWhat can enforcement officers not do?\n\nEnforcement Officers will not seize the following goods: that are essential for the basic domestic needs of the Defendant and their family e.g. clothing, bedding, furniture and other items of equipment.\n\nCan a bailiff take my sons Xbox?\n\n\nCan bailiffs force entry?\n\nBailiffs are only allowed to try to come into your home between 6am and 9pm. … Depending on the kind of debt you owe, the bailiff will sometimes have the right to force entry by asking a locksmith to open your door if you won’t let them in.\n\nHow long can bailiffs chase you for?\n\nIf you do the bailiffs can visit your home after 7 days. As well as collecting payment for the debt they can charge you fees so you could end up owing more money. There are things you can do to stop them coming if you act quickly.\n\nWhat qualifications do I need to be a bailiff?\n\nThere are no formal qualifications needed to become a Bailiff, however, you will need a Bailiff General Certificate before you get started (there is no study involved for this certification).\n\nWhat percentage do bailiffs get?\n\ncourt fees if the bailiffs had to apply to court to deal with your case. selling your belongings – including advertising the sale and auctioneer’s fees. an online auction for selling your belongings – you can be charged up to 7.5% of any money made through the sale.\n\nHow much does a bailiff make a year?\n\nAn entry level court bailiff (1-3 years of experience) earns an average salary of $42,968. On the other end, a senior level court bailiff (8+ years of experience) earns an average salary of $69,663.\n\nDo bailiffs use ANPR?\n\n\nCan an enforcement officer close down food premises?\n\nWith regards to food hygiene and safety, an EHO has the power to do all of the following: Enter into any premises – It is against the law to refuse entry of an EHO into your premises. Control of premises – An EHO has the power to enforce legal notices if businesses are in breach of the Food Safety Act 1990.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9857268929481506}
{"content": "Brandon Allen has established himself as one of the UK’s most in demand saxophonists and bandleaders.\n\nHe has performed extensively throughout the UK, Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Australia, both as a leader and sideman.\n\nThroughout his career he has worked with top international artists including Eric Clapton, Paloma Faith, Kyle Eastwood, Tony Lakatos, Adam Nussbaum, Gary Husband, Stefano Di Battista, US3, The Blockheads and many others.\n\nThe ‘Stanley Turrentine Project’ came about because of a deep admiration and respect for the late great saxophonist’s musical approach and output.\n\nBrandon’s highly acclaimed ‘Gene Ammons Project’ came into existence because of a similar admiration.\n\nSelections from Ammons’ entire career were reinterpreted, seeking to capture the the spirit of the music as well as exploring the stylistic changes that occurred throughout tenor saxophonist’s 30 year career.\n\nThe repertoire of the ‘Stanley Turrentine Project’ is slightly more specific, drawing from Turrentine’s releases on the Bluenote and CTI labels.\n\nIn addition, some of Turrentine’s renditions of rock/pop hits of the 60’s and 70’s will be reimagined by Brandon’s exciting new quartet.\n\nExpect soulful saxophone playing accompanied by a hard swinging and funky rhythm section.\n\n\n(London Jazz News)\n\nBand lineup:\n\nBrandon Allen - tenor saxophone\n\nWill Barry - piano and keyboards\n\nConor Chaplin - basses\n\nDave Ingamels - drums\n\n  1. 1\n  2. 2\n  3. 3\n  4. 4\n  5. 5\nWill Barry - piano/keyboards\n\nWill Barry - piano/keyboards\n\nConor Chaplin - basses\n\nConor Chaplin - basses\n\nDave Ingamels - drums\n\nDave Ingamels - drums", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6360795497894287}
{"content": "Resurrected? The Domestic Determinants of Russia’s Conduct Abroad\n\n\n\"Russia is never so strong as it wants to be, nor as weak as it is thought to be,\" Winston Churchill once observed. In the last decade, Russia has invaded two neighbors, seizing territory from both, re-established a Soviet air base in Syria and intervened in a conflict outside post-Soviet borders for the first time in 25 years. Under Vladimir Putin, has Russia been resurrected as a major power barely a quarter century after the collapse of the Soviet empire?  What is a great power in the 21st century? In reviving Russia’s international political aspirations, Mr. Putin implicitly has in mind metrics of power, as do international relations theorists, and foreign policy makers trying to understand Russia’s contemporary role in international relations.  But what are they, exactly? Is Russia’s resurrection real or merely imagined? How can we tell and why does it matter? How are Russia’s global ambitions related to its domestic conditions? This presentation, based on a  book project in process, will discuss some of the domestic determinants – both resources and constraints -- of Russia’s increasingly assertive conduct abroad. \n\n\nSpeaker Bio\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6733375787734985}
{"content": "CDC Order Requiring all Passengers on U.S.-Bound Flights to Have COVID-19 Viral Test\n\nOn January 12, 2021, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stated that CDC has issued \"an Order requiring all air passengers arriving to the US from a foreign country to get tested no more than 3 days before their flight departs and to provide proof of the negative result or documentation of having recovered from COVID-19 to the airline before boarding the flight. This Order will go into effect on January 26, 2021.\"\n\nA set of CDC Frequently Asked Questions clarifies that \"This Order applies to all air passengers, 2 years of age or older, traveling into the US, including US citizens and legal permanent residents.\"\n\nJanuary 12, 2021 CDC media statement that effective January 26, 2021 states: \"Air passengers are required to get a viral test (a test for current infection) within the 3 days before their flight to the U.S. departs, and provide written documentation of their laboratory test result (paper or electronic copy) to the airline or provide documentation of having recovered from COVID-19. Airlines must confirm the negative test result for all passengers or documentation of recovery before they board. If a passenger does not provide documentation of a negative test or recovery, or chooses not to take a test, the airline must deny boarding to the passenger... This order was signed by the CDC Director on January 12, 2021 and will become effective on January 26, 2021.\"\n\nOn January 21, 2021, President Biden issued Executive Order on Promoting COVID-19 Safety in Domestic and International Travel, which directs relevant agencies to assess the January 12, 2021 CDC order requiring a negative COVID-19 test result for airline passengers traveling into the United States, and, based on that assessment, take any further appropriate actions and planning regarding air, land, and sea travel.\n\nOn January 25, 2021, the Department of State published a Fact Sheet titled, Negative COVID-19 Test Required for Travel to the United States Beginning January 26.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9998745918273926}
{"content": "Interactive Experiences\n\nI use a Microsoft Kinect camera device for creating interactive projection pieces.\n\nThe viewers’ silhouette and body motion can interact with the graphical world which is projected large onto a wall or screen. Several viewers at a time are represented in the scene.\n\n\nMemories of Rain\n\n\n\nMoon Series\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDance at BRICK\n\n\n\nI like the immersive qualities of this medium: To fill a space with sound and projected visuals, interactive simulated imagery, allowing multiple viewers to enter the space unencumbered by devices. A style of immersion quite different from a virtual reality experience.\n\nThird-Person Identity\n\nAlso I am enjoying displaying the viewer in a third-person perspective, yet fully-integrated into the simulated world, and interactive. Again, distinct from the first-person sensibility of a virtual reality experience.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.994744062423706}
{"content": "Psycomedy with Nathan Cassidy\n\nPsycomedy with Nathan Cassidy\n\nWhat makes a stand up comedian tick? How do they handle heckles and bad gigs? Are they brave or just mal adjusted individuals? And what makes them want to do this impossible job in the first place?\n\nJoin Nathan Cassidy, stand up comedian and BA Sci in Psychology – a first from Bristol University – as he delves into the dark recesses of the comedian’s psyche in Psycomedy.\n\nPsycomedy has charted in India, Iceland, Macau, Singapore, Mongolia, France, Ireland, the UK, and was briefly number one in Argentina!\n\n'There are plenty of laddish comedy podcasts out there with blokes laughing a bit too loudly at each other. This, thankfully, isn't one of them. It's thoughtful, sensitive, and also funny! Nathan is a cracking host who listens carefully and only interjects to steer conversation to deeper, more interesting elements of what it takes to be a comic.' BBC Radio.\n\nAntal avsnitt: 132\n\nSenaste avsnittet:\n\nEn podcast av: Nathan Cassidy, Mike Hanson\n\n\nPodden och tillhörande omslagsbild på den här sidan tillhör Nathan Cassidy, Mike Hanson. Innehållet i podden är skapat av Nathan Cassidy, Mike Hanson och inte av, eller tillsammans med, Poddtoppen.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9860920906066895}
{"content": "What Does Clonus Mean?\n\n\n1 Answers\n\nArun Raj Profile\nArun Raj answered\nClonus is a sequence of involuntary or reflexive muscular contractions which transpire due to the unexpected stretching of the muscle. The word originates from the Greek word \"klonos,\" which means turmoil. Occurrence of the clonus is a signal of a possible neurological abnormality, which implies that there can be a likelihood of a stroke, spine related problems or multiple sclerosis.\n\nUnlike the \"sudden twitch of the muscle\" or the fasciculation caused by the motor neuron in the spinal cord,(the lower motor neuron), the clonus is caused by the upper body neuron whose cell body is situated in the cerebral cortex. Clonus is mostly prevalent in the ankles. One can also test the occurrence of the clonus in the knees by rapidly pushing the knee cap toward the toe.\n\nAnswer Question", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9183855056762695}
{"content": "On mathematical structure in a broad sense (Japanese)\n\nHiroki Yagisita\n2020 Zenodo  \nFor example, a ring is a structure of the language $\\{+,-,\\times,0,1\\}$, and a ring is not a structure of the language $\\{+,-,\\times,\\cdot^{-1},0,1\\}$ because the domain of the operation $\\cdot^{-1}$ of the multiplicative inverse is not the whole. In general, it is not officially possible to introduce a function symbol into a partial function. In this paper, we consider \"a structure in a broad sense\" that allows a partial function as the interpretation of a function symbol, we give its\nmore » ... e give its semantics and a Hilbert-style formal deductive system, and we prove the completeness theorem. Regarding sequent calculus and natural deduction, it may not be difficult, but it is an unsolved problem. ------ Intuitionistic logic, Kripke model. (This is the Japanese version.)\ndoi:10.5281/zenodo.4049420 fatcat:rmdcbefqb5gttal4xurpexhx4y", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9855058193206787}
{"content": "Miura Sadahiro\n\n\nMiura Clan\n\n\nMimasaka Province\n\nLifespan:  15xx to 15xx\n\nRank:  bushō\n\nTitle:  Noto-no-kami\n\nClan:  Miura\n\nFather:  Miura Sadahisa\n\nSiblings:  Sadahiro, Sadakatsu\n\nMiura Sadahiro served as a bushō during the Sengoku period.  He was also known as Noto-no-kami.\n\nSadahiro was born as the eldest son of Miura Sadahisa based in Mimasaka Province.  His younger brother was Miura Sadakatsu.\n\nAfter the death of his father on 9/16 of Tenbun 17 (1548), Sadahiro inherited the headship of the clan.  Thereafter, as the main heir to the family, he served under the Amago clan of Izumo Province, but later returned to Mimasaka.  Together with Maki Naoharu and others, Sadahiro aimed to revive the Miura clan which had collapsed following an invasion of Mimasaka by Mimura Iechika, a daimyō based in Bitchū Province.\n\nIn the second month of 1566, while engaging in deliberations with his senior retainers at the Kōzen Temple in the village of Momi in Mimasaka, Iechika was shot and killed by matchlocks wielded by Endō Hidekiyo and his brother, Endō Toshimichi, ordered by Ukita Naoie.  At the time, this marked a rare assassination by firearms.  Sadahiro took advantage of this opportunity to recapture his landholdings.\n\nOn 2/19 of Eiroku 11 (1568),  Sadahiro was attacked by Mōri Motonari, leading to the death of his uncle, Miura Sadamori.  In addition, the Mōri army toppled Sadahiro’s base at Katsuyama Castle and, once again, he was ousted from his territory.  In 1570, Sadahiro recovered his territory with the support of Yamanaka Yukimori, a retainer of the Amago clan and leader of the Amago Revival Army.\n\nIn 1574, when Uragami Munekage and Ukita Naoie came into conflict, Sadahiro aligned with the Uragami clan and brought into the alliance Mimura Motochika (Iechika’s second son and heir) of Bitchū.  This led to clashes against the Ukita clan and, in 1575, an invasion by the Mōri following their pacification of Bitchū.  In the ninth month, Sadahiro surrendered to Ukita Naoie after the Siege of Tenjinayama Castle.\n\nIn 1582, Sadahiro participated in the Battle of Bitchū-Takamatsu.  He later died of illness in Hayashida in Harima Province.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8624078035354614}
{"content": "News18 ноября\nCOVID-19 changes passengers\n\n83% of air passengers are confident that they will not return to their previous travel habits after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\nThis is the result of a global passenger poll commissioned by the international satellite communications company Inmarsat. The study was conducted among 9,500 respondents from 12 countries and became the largest since the beginning of the pandemic.\n\nWhile the majority of passengers (60%) are satisfied with the aviation industry's response to the \"plague of the 21st century,\" it was found that 41% of them expect to travel less by any means, and 31% plan to fly less. But there are early signs that travelers are regaining confidence: 47% of those surveyed expect to be ready to fly within the next six months.\n\nThe respondents answered that they are more afraid of contracting the virus abroad than on the plane. In general, they feel confident about servicing on board and interacting with flight attendants, but they are less comfortable using the toilet during the flight and being in close proximity to other people. They see salvation in social distancing and digitalization of the service.\n\nOur social networks:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9996047019958496}
{"content": "Frequent question: How do you cook white rice at high altitude?\n\nI use 1 cup rice, 2 cups of water or broth. Using a much bigger bowl, I stir the rice and liquid. Cover tightly and set on high for 5 minutes then WITHOUT stirring lift the cover to release steam and set it for 15 minutes at 50% power. Pull it out of the microwave, leave the lid on for at least 7 minutes.\n\nHow do you cook white rice in high altitude?\n\nFollow the standard ratio of 2 cups of water for each 1 cup of dry long-grain white rice when cooking at altitudes between 3,000 and 5,000 feet. Increase the water by 2 tablespoons to 1/4 cup for altitudes above 5,000 feet, adjusting the amount upward as you go up in altitude.\n\nDoes rice cook differently at high altitude?\n\nRice. Like pasta, rice will take longer to cook in high altitudes. However, you need to be more precise when adding water to a pot of rice. Boil the rice in just 15-20% more water than usual, and add a few minutes to the cook time.\n\nIT IS INTERESTING:  How do I substitute double acting baking powder?\n\nHow do you adjust for high altitude cooking?\n\nHigh Altitude Baking — Good Rules of Thumb\n\n  1. Oven Temperature. Increase by 15-25℉ …\n  2. Baking Time. Decrease by 20-30% …\n  3. Flour. Increase by 1 tbsp at 3,500 ft, and by 1 tbsp per 1,500 ft. …\n  4. Sugar. Decrease by 1 tbsp per cup. …\n  5. Liquids. Increase by 1 to 2 tbsp per 1,000 ft, and 1 ½ tsp per additional 1,000 ft. …\n  6. Baking Powder/Soda. …\n  7. Yeast.\n\nWhy cooking of rice at higher altitudes is difficult?\n\nAnswer. Atmospheric pressure at higher altitudes is low and boils water below (100^{circ} mathrm{C}) because the boiling point of water is directly proportional to the pressure on its surface. As less boiling point is required at higher altitudes therefore it is less difficult to cook rice.\n\nHow do you make fluffy rice at high altitude?\n\nUsing a much bigger bowl, I stir the rice and liquid. Cover tightly and set on high for 5 minutes then WITHOUT stirring lift the cover to release steam and set it for 15 minutes at 50% power. Pull it out of the microwave, leave the lid on for at least 7 minutes. Then fluff and replace cover until ready to use or serve.\n\nHow long does it take to bake a potato at high altitude?\n\nStart checking at 50 minutes in the oven. If you’re baking jumbo-size potatoes it could take up to 15 or even 30 minutes longer, depending on the altitude over 3,000 feet. I live at 5,280 ft. and find I need to add about 15 minutes, depending on the potato size.\n\nIT IS INTERESTING:  Quick Answer: Does baking soda remove hair color?\n\nHow much longer do you bake at high altitude?\n\nChanges at high altitude\n\n\nDoes food taste different at high altitude?\n\nOnce at altitude, the combination of the dry air and pressure change reduces our taste bud sensitivity. … In fact, our perception of saltiness and sweetness drops by around 30 percent at high altitude, according to a 2010 study by the German airline Lufthansa.\n\nHow do you cook pasta at high altitude?\n\nPasta, for example, may take seven minutes to reach the al dente state at sea level, but it could take nine or 10 minutes to achieve the same result at 3,000 feet. In addition to adjusting cooking times, you should also keep a tight-fitting lid on the pot when you cook at high altitudes.\n\nDoes food cook faster at higher altitudes?\n\nAt high altitudes: Air pressure is lower, so foods take longer to cook. Temperatures and/or cook times may need to be increased. Water boils at a lower temperature, so foods prepared with water (such as pastas and soups) may take longer to cook.\n\nDoes food take longer to cook at higher altitudes?\n\n\nIT IS INTERESTING:  Should you soak beans in baking soda?\n\nDoes meat cook slower at high altitude?\n\nA. Some foods take longer to cook by some methods at altitudes higher than 3,000 feet above sea level. But other foods actually take less time, according to the Department of Agriculture. … Any food prepared with moist-heat methods, like boiling or simmering, will take longer to become fully cooked.\n\nWhy does cooking time increase at high altitude?\n\nAt higher altitudes, say like mountains, cooking food is difficult. Higher altitudes means lower atmospheric pressure and thus lower boiling point. … So, at higher altitude, food needs to be cooked for a longer time due to the lower in boiling point of water.\n\nWhy it is difficult to boil water on mountain?\n\nAnswer: Because at high altitude atmosphere pressure is low;therefore,boiling points of water decrease and so it does not provide the required heat energy for cooking.\n\nWhy do fountain pens leak at high altitudes?\n\nDue to pressure difference at high altitude, the air column exerts a pressure on the ink of the fountain pen. … A certain situation arises when the atmospheric pressure (outside pressure) becomes as extreme that the ink in the fountain pen flows out of the pen or starts leaking.\n\nI'm cooking", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.99900883436203}
{"content": "Hoping for Spring, Hoping for Earth\n\nApril’s reputation as a changeable, capricious month is well established, but it seems to have been particularly fickle this year. Each suggestion of spring was followed by a wintry interlude. Our early garden bloomers—hyacinths and daffodils—spent more time weighed down by snow or encrusted by frost than with their cheerful heads held high. After admiring our neighbors’ crocuses from the distance for years, last autumn I finally remembered to buy and plant some bulbs around our house. A number of them produced beautiful blossoms, only to wilt before their time because of late freezes.\n\nLiving along the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at 6,000 feet, we know that winter doesn’t technically end until mid-May. Despite that knowledge, my memory is short-lived and each spring the weather surprises me anew. My gratitude for the moisture brought by recent rains and snow notwithstanding, I am happy that we seem to have rounded a corner, with more mellow temperatures prevailing both at nighttime and during the day. I sincerely hope that the lupines and columbines poised to flower soon will be spared winter’s chill grip.\n\n\nThe floral awakening is a lovely reminder of the welcome change of the seasons, and the no less anticipated return of migratory birds confirms that a page has been turned in the yearbook of Mother Earth. While shorebirds and wading birds en route from their wintering grounds in the Southern United States, Mexico, Central or South America to their breeding grounds in more northern climes have been showing up on time, the arrival of many songbirds has been delayed this spring. If we needed a reminder of how tenuous the lives of wild animals are, the deep freeze that assailed Texas and other states in February confirmed that countless creatures depend on finely tuned rhythms, killing some and impeding others. Birds whose survival depends on plants and insects to sustain them during their journey were adversely affected by the storm.\n\nThe prospect of more frequent and severe recurrences of similarly calamitous events is disconcerting to the core. For eons, humans living close to nature and its cycles have known about the interconnectedness of all things. Our modern societies, increasingly removed and distant from nature’s finely tuned ways, have lost that understanding and wisdom, not only at our own peril, but to the detriment of myriad fellow species. We need to find that understanding and wisdom again. There is no alternative.\n\nThis is my slightly belated post in honor of Earth Day, which we celebrated on April 22. Every day is Earth Day, should be Earth Day, needs to be Earth Day. Without Earth, there is no future.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.998630702495575}
{"content": "Qatar Airways adds new features to its mobile application\n\nGermany lifts travel warning for four Turkish regions\nAugust 7, 2020\nBalinese man claims marriage to 2 women was based on ‘mutual agreement’\nAugust 7, 2020\n\nQatar Airways has announced significant updates to its mobile app that allow passengers to plan their travel with greater ease, helping minimise physical contact and interactions throughout their journey.\n\nMembers of Qatar Airways Privilege Club will earn 1,000 Qmiles when they download the mobile app.\n\nWith an updated, intuitively designed look and feel, the Qatar Airways mobile app now presents a personalised home screen that provides the most relevant information to each user. For those with an upcoming flight, the mobile app’s existing ‘My Trips’ feature will now be displayed on the home screen, highlighting the most important information at each stage of their journey. For those without a current booking, special offers will be displayed, tailored to their location.\n\nAdditionally, the mobile app is now available in the Arabic language, demonstrating the airline’s commitment to Arabic-speaking customers around the world.\n\nQatar Airways Group Chief Executive, Akbar Al Baker, said: “Our refreshed mobile app is the perfect travel companion for our passengers, allowing them to take control of their travel plans, keep them informed at all times and, importantly in the current climate, limit physical contact throughout their journey.\n\n“At Qatar Airways, we continue to invest in award-winning, five-star products and services across all stages of our customers’ journey, and digital technology plays an important role in this. Our customers expect their digital interactions with the Qatar Airways brand to be as smooth and seamless as their journey onboard, and we are working to ensure that our digital products contine to be world-class.”\n\nWith the airline’s mobile app’s ‘MyTrips’ feature, now prominently presented on the home screen, passengers can select their preferred seat and meals in advance, check-in online, download their boarding pass to a mobile wallet, and generate a baggage tag to print and attach to their luggage at home.\n\nPassengers can also enable notifications through the mobile app to receive important alerts about their upcoming flight’s departure times, check-in, boarding and baggage collection. Throughout the passenger’s journey, the mobile app can be used to track baggage and book Meet and Assist services at Hamad International Airport in Doha.\n\nOther features of Qatar Airways’ mobile app will continue to be offered to its customers. Before travel, customers can use the mobile app to check the latest information on country and travel requirements, including visa and passport information.\n\nProviding seamless booking options, the mobile app also includes a camera tool, allowing passengers to capture a photo of their passport or payment card without having to manually enter this information upon check out.\n\nMeanwhile, members of Qatar Airways’ loyalty programme, Privilege Club, can use the app to seamlessly log in with fingerprint or facial recognition, book a trip using Cash + Qmiles, redeem Privilege Club awards, manage their accounts, and much more. Customers can download the mobile app at\n\nTo ensure travellers can plan their travel with peace of mind in the current climate, the airline has extended its booking policies to offer even more choice to its passengers. The airline allows unlimited date changes, and passengers can change their destination as often as they need if it is within 5,000 miles of the original one.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6385356783866882}
{"content": "Boys battle eating disorders\n\nCATHY SAUNDERSThe West Australian\n\nBoys seeking the Goth image, or a lean, muscular and mean look, or maintenance of their status as an elite sportsman all figure among the increasing number of boys, some as young as 10, who are unhappy with their body image and are harming their health as a result.\n\nOf the 120 or so adolescents who are on the books of the Princess Margaret Hospital Eating Disorders Program at any one time, 10 per cent are male. This compares with only about 5 per cent 10 years ago but is still considered an under- representation of the true extent of the problem.\n\nAn eating disorder in children and adolescents is defined as eating behaviour that interferes with growth and development, cognitive function, schoolwork, mood, peer relationships and social interactions. In extreme cases, it can lead to hair loss, bone density loss, heart problems, organ failure and suicide.\n\nAccording to psychologist Chris Harris, the PMH program's co-ordinator of clinical services, body dissatisfaction can lead to poor self-esteem and dieting which, in turn, can result in eating disorders.\n\n\"The data is suggesting there is an increase in adolescent males with body dissatisfaction,\" he said.\n\nThis disillusionment partly stemmed from the changing roles of young males within society, who might no longer be seen as the main provider.\n\n\"There is a lack of clarity around their role identity,\" Mr Harris said, adding that this could lead to anxiety and depression.\n\nMany kept their problem hidden, largely because eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia were seen as a female domain.\n\nBoys often presented with different problems from girls. They might have shape rather than weight concerns and were more likely to be chasing muscularity and athleticism. In some cases, they suffered a perceptual distortion that made them believe that as they got leaner, they were becoming more muscular.\n\n\"They get stuck on the misperception that absence of body fat means leanness and muscularity,\" Mr Harris said. \"So some young men, even though they are quite emaciated, keep perceiving themselves as actually muscular.\"\n\nThe worlds of media, advertising, fashion and sports featured role models that teenagers aspired to.\n\n\"You see the muscularity, the waxing and you start to see the discrepancy between the actual, or how most adolescent males are, and the images being presented,\" Mr Harris said. \"Whenever there is that discrepancy, it leads to the ambiguity of wondering where they fit, causing anxiety.\"\n\nA report in late October by the National Advisory Group on Body Image encouraged advertisers, the media and the fashion industry to promote more positive body image messages.\n\nThe group's Proposed National Strategy on Body Image, commissioned by the Federal Government to help address the growing problem of negative body image among the youth of today, recommended using healthy weight models, realistic images of people and disclosure when such images had been digitally manipulated.\n\nUnder-aged, \"size-zero\" fashion models would be outlawed and only people older than 16, and who had a variety of body shapes and sizes, would be able to model adult fashion.\n\nIn Mission Australia's national survey of young Australians in 2007, body image was rated as the top concern. It was the third biggest issue last year.\n\nThe problem has also prompted the establishment of the Eating Disorders Australian National Network, a national collaboration of more than 80 organisations aiming for evidence-based prevention, early intervention and management strategies for eating disorders.\n\nJulie McCormack, specialist clinical psychologist and the PMH program's co-ordinator of research and training, said adolescents who were elite athletes and needed to maintain a certain body weight, such as swimmers, gymnasts, footballers, rowers, dancers and jockeys, could fall into a pattern of disordered eating.\n\nOthers were dissatisfied with their body for different reasons.\n\n\"Some young men are concerned about being Goth, white, skinny,\" she said. \"It depends on their youth subculture.\"\n\nOne myth that needed to be dispelled was that an eating disorder could be detected by looking at a person.\n\nSome people were thin because that was their body make-up or they might have a medical condition. Others might be overweight but struggling with binge eating.\n\nAnother myth was that people with anorexia didn't eat at all. Indeed, some boys would be eating but because they exercised excessively, they were still starved of sufficient nutrition.\n\nThe problem of eating disorders was non-discriminatory, affecting boys across all ethnic and socioeconomic groups, from city and country, and was usually picked up by parents, siblings, schoolteachers, nurses or friends.\n\nMost boys admitted to PMH would stay for three to four weeks. Those in the outpatient program typically remained in it for one to three years.\n\nGet the latest news from in your inbox.\n\nSign up for our emails", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6817523241043091}
{"content": "Destination: Ubud\n\n\nis a town on the Indonesian island of Bali in Ubud District, located amongst rice paddies and steep ravines in the central foothills of the Gianyar regency. Promoted as an arts and culture center, it has developed large tourism industry.\n\nUbud’s population of about 112,490 people and receives more than 3 million foreign tourists each year. The area surrounding the town is made up of small farms, rice paddies, agroforestry plantations, and tourist accommodations. As of 2018, more tourists visited Ubud than Denpasar in southern Bali.\n\n\nMarket scene in Ubud, around 1912\n\nEighth-century legend tells of a Javanese priest, Rsi Markendya, who meditated at the confluence of two rivers (an auspicious site for Hindus) at the Ubud locality of Campuhan. Here he founded the Gunung Lebah Temple on the valley floor, the site of which remains a pilgrim destination.[5]\n\n\nIn the late nineteenth century, Ubud became the seat of feudal lords who owed their allegiance to the king of Gianyar, at one time the most powerful of Bali’s southern states. The lords were members of the Balinese Kshatriya caste of Suk and were significant supporters of the village’s increasingly renowned arts scene.[5]\n\nTourism on the island\n\ndeveloped after the arrival of Walter Spies, an ethnic German born in Russia who taught painting and music, and dabbled in dance. Spies and foreign painters Willem Hofker and Rudolf Bonnet entertained celebrities including Charlie ChaplinNoël CowardBarbara HuttonH.G. Wells, and Vicki Baum. They brought in some of the greatest artists from all over Bali to teach and train the Balinese in arts, helping Ubud become the cultural center of Bali.\n\nAnother foreign artist Han Snel was a Dutch soldier who discovered Ubud after his military service building a studio with his new wife Siti, his painting captured the imagination of both foreigners and Balinese alike with his invigorating synthesis of both cultures.[6]\n\nAntonio Blanco a Spanish/American artist lived in Ubud from 1952 till his death in 1999.[7]\n\nA new burst of creative energy came in the 1960s after the arrival of Dutch painter Arie Smit (b. 1916) and the development of the Young Artists Movement.\n\nThe Bali tourist boom since the late 1960s has seen much development in the town; however, it remains a center of artistic pursuit.[5]\n\nIn 2002, terrorist bombings caused a decline in tourism throughout Bali including Ubud. In response to this, a writer’s festival was created, Writers and Readers Festival to help revive tourism, the island’s main economic lifeline.\n\n\nThe main street is Jalan Raya Ubud (Jalan Raya means main road), which runs east-west through the center of town. Two long roads, Jalan Monkey Forest and Jalan Hanoman extend south from Jalan Raya Ubud.\n\nFilter By", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8577051162719727}
{"content": "The burial\n\nProduction Designer\n\nEXT. Nature Reserve. Day\nEXT. Street. Night\nEXT. Burke's House. Day\nEXT. Street. Day\n\n\nA teenage boy starts being followed by a mysterious figure in the form of a coyote while he is dealing with the fear and anxiety of his best and only friend moving out of town.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9303187131881714}
{"content": "What Are Designer Drugs?\n\nWhen the use of fentanyl began to rise in the 1980s, the term “designer drug” was coined to refer to it and other drugs like it. Designer drugs refer to drugs that are manufactured in a laboratory (usually illegally) by manipulating or mimicking the properties of a drug that originates from a plant.  Some designer … Read More\n\nWhat is Legal Pot, or “Spice”?\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.996300995349884}
{"content": "Things Fall Apart: Individuality vs. Nationality\n\n843 Words4 Pages\nOf the many themes that appear in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, individuality versus nationality becomes a central topic as the story progresses and develops. With the invasion and colonization of the European missionaries, Okonkwo’s nationality and contributions to society are called into question. Achebe explains the idea of nationality over individuality by showing that society is the precursor to individuality. Examining the life of the protagonist, Okonkwo, before and after his resistance exemplifies this key idea in Things Fall Apart. Without society, there would be no individuality. Okonkwo’s characteristics include praise and reputation, which his tribe gives him for throwing the Cat. Achebe explains Okonkwo’s reputation,…show more content…\nOkonkwo’s family was under his control, as the culture expected of him, which allowed him to have less conflicts and issues in his life. At this time, his own customs carried more importance than his own personal needs which resulted in a better life for him. He was able to be a part of society and have unity. However, once he steps away from this life, his life falls apart. When looking at his life before this resistance, it is clear to see that life was better when he was a part of the culture and when he conformed to the expectations of society. However, when Okonkwo retaliate back against society, there are dire consequences. In his first act of defiance, Okonkwo strikes down his adopted son, Ikemefuna, killing him. Even though the elders instruct him not to do so, or even partake in the killing, Okonkwo meets the consequences of his action with extreme guilt and depression. While this lasts for weeks, Okonkwo’s next act of defiance causes much more severe consequences. He is sent into exile, turning him into what the opposite of what he wished to become, a disgrace like Unoka. His goals of not being his father goes to ruins as he further caters for his personal needs. However, even when returning back to the society from which he was exiled, his personal emotions still get in the way. When angered at “the white man’s power”, Okonkwo “drew his machete…Okonkwo’s machete descended\nGet Access", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.999538242816925}
{"content": "\n\nQuantum Mechanics\n\nCohen-Tannoudji:Quantum Mechanics\nAutor: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji / Bernard Diu / Frank Laloe / Nicole Ostrowsky / Daniel Ostrowsky\nVerfügbarkeit: Auf Lager.\nVeröffentlicht am: 23.10.2019\nArtikelnummer: 2323802\nISBN / EAN: 9783527345557\n\nVerfügbarkeit: sofort lieferbar\n\nInkl. MwSt. , zzgl. Versandkosten\n\n\n  • Autor:\n  • Verlag: Wiley-VCH\n  • ISBN / EAN: 9783527345557\n  • Bindung: Hardcover\n\n\nThis new, third volume of Cohen-Tannoudji's groundbreaking textbook covers advanced topics of quantum mechanics such as uncorrelated and correlated identical particles, the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field, absorption, emission and scattering of photons by atoms, and quantum entanglement. Written in a didactically unrivalled manner, the textbook explains the fundamental concepts in seven chapters which are elaborated in accompanying complements that provide more detailed discussions, examples and applications.\n\nCompleting the success story: the third and final volume of the quantum mechanics textbook written by 1997 Nobel laureate Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues Bernard Diu and Franck Laloë\nAs easily comprehensible as possible: all steps of the physical background and its mathematical representation are spelled out explicitly\nComprehensive: in addition to the fundamentals themselves, the books comes with a wealth of elaborately explained examples and applications\n\nClaude Cohen-Tannoudji was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris where he also studied and received his PhD in 1962. In 1973 he became Professor of atomic and molecular physics at the Collège des France. His main research interests were optical pumping, quantum optics and atom-photon interactions. In 1997, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, together with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms.\n\nBernard Diu was Professor at the Denis Diderot University (Paris VII). He was engaged in research at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energy where his focus was on strong interactions physics and statistical mechanics.\n\nFranck Laloë was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. His first assignment was with the University of Paris VI before he was appointed to the CNRS, the French National Research Center. His research was focused on optical pumping, statistical mechanics of quantum gases, musical acoustics and the foundations of quantum mechanics.\n\n0 Kundenmeinungen\n\nBitte schreiben Sie uns Ihre Meinung zu: Quantum Mechanics\n\nSie könnten auch an folgenden Produkten interessiert sein", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9112706780433655}
{"content": "about our general medicine\nThe goal of the doctors, nurses, and support staff at Kirill Zhadovich, MD, SC, is to provide high-quality, comprehensive internal and family medicine to patients of all ages, living in and around Niles, Illinois.\n\nAt Kirill Zhadovich, MD, SC, the team focuses on patient education and preventive medicine to address whole-person health. Open, honest communication and one-on-one appointments are a big part of this. Both Dr. Zhadovich and Dr. Kostiv set aside time for each patient, answering any questions or concerns. After a thorough exam and discussion, the team tailors unique treatments to alleviate symptoms, boost energy, and improve their patients’ quality of life. Communication extends beyond the office as well. The team helps patients manage care by scheduling regular follow-up appointments and coordinating care between specialists.\n\nIn addition to primary care services like physical exams, blood work, and vaccinations, the team also works to prevent and treat chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and COPD.\n\nTo access the best, most comprehensive internal and family medicine, partner with the team at Kirill Zhadovich, MD, SC. To learn more, call or use the online booking tool to request your appointment.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9941321611404419}
{"content": "Sam Ghandchiسام قندچي Scientific Worldview and Meaning of Life - Second Edition\nSam Ghandchi\n\nجهان بینی علمی و معنای زندگی- ویرایش دوم\n\nP.S. 7/21/20: This article is from the Featured Topics. No change has been made to the text of this article in this new edition and only footnote 7 has been added. SG\n\nRelated Article: 1     2\n\nRelated Papers: 1\n\n\n\nDuring Middle Ages the dominant worldview in European thought, depicted a world which started with the story of creation and every human being had a place in that Grand Divine Design. In other words, meaning of life was to play the role which was intended for the individual in that grand design. For those who believed in the Grand Divine Design and its Purpose, the Medieval philosophical-religious vision was a strong rock to stand on, and gave meaning to life, and of course for those who did not like to be a pawn in a grand divine scheme, such understanding of the world, was suffocating. In Medieval societies of other Abrahamic religions such as Islam, the situation was not much different. With the inception of scientific revolution in Europe, the Grand Devine Design fell apart, from the Earth which with Copernican Revolution fell from the center of the universe to the status of a planet encircling the Sun, to the results of Darwinian scientific findings which proved the humans to be the continuation of generations of primates (1).\n\n\nIn other words, the Grand Divine Design in which the humans occupied a certain place, fell apart and at the same time, the scientific view, did not have the same meaningful feeling of a Divine Design, and the majority who saw their life to be meaningful in the scheme of a Divine Design and Purpose, were left with an inner vacuum. Of course, in societies where the Abrahanic religions were not dominant, such as India and China, and to some extent among the mystics and Sufis of Europe and Middle East, the individual's meaning of life, was understood as some kind of a personal journey, for example, in the Buddhist meditation. In that world view, the place of an individual is not defined like the Catholic Church, and for example in Zen (2), each individual discovers the meaning life for herself/himself, and as the Buddhists say, anybody can become the Buddha. Thus, in those non-Abrahamic religions such as Buddhism, scientific thought did not have that unsettling effect on the place of individual in the world of existence, compared to the effect of weakness of belief in Medieval Grand Design, ending in an inner vacuum.\n\n\nScience answers the \"how\" questions, e.g., how long it takes the Earth to revolve around itself or to encircle the Sun, and science does not care about \"why\" there should be an Earth, whether it encircles the Sun or not. Plato and Aristotle each in their own way answered to the two questions of \"how\" and \"why\" and did not answer to these questions in a Buddhist meditative approach, but looked for an answer in the external world outside the mind; Catholic Church till the 12th Century followed Plato and after that, followed Aristotle, and its Divine Design, was in response to the \"why\" of the world, with the story of Creation. In reality, the first question of \"how\" which science answers, was the same as Aristotelian material cause and efficient cause (3) and the second question of \"why\" was the same as the Plato and Aristotle's formal cause and Aristotle's Final cause, in the four Aristotelian causes, and in the era of rationalism, the Final Cause was finally dropped from the Modern philosophy by Spinoza (4).\n\nTherefore, after the scientific revolution we enter a world where we are able to know the origin, components and future of the world a lot more accurately and we even know that Milky Way will be destroyed in a collision with Andromeda Galaxy, and at that time our Sun will still be alive. In other words, Aristotle's efficient cause, is the main focus of the scientists of the Modern Times and even biology, which was the origin of Aristotle's Final Cause, removes it from that discipline and nobody talks of Aristotelian entelechy anymore, and in the era of modern science everything is explained by efficient causes. Thus after the scientific revolution, despite more knowledge of origin, components and future of the universe, the strong foundation of Purpose which the believers of Abrahamic religions saw in their Divine Design and walked on that hard rock, was gone, and a kind of inner vacuum ensued in their philosophical outlook after the scientific revolution, which hit the people who previously relied on the Divine Design of Abrahamic sacred books.\n\nIn such situation, two nonreligious currents of Marxism and Nazism became the semi-religious systems  which in their own ways, depicted a grand design of the world.  The first one depicted a world with its historical materialism which started with a classless primitive communism and ended with a classless society of a higher order of world Communism and the individual in the Marxist view sought meaning for himself/herself that was to some extent comparable to the Grand Divine Design of the Medieval Times (5). Fascism with its superior race doctrine tried to create a new hope for those looking for a meaning of life in such racist imaginations to reach the superman of Nietzsche. The reality is that science has never had such claims, but since science had created the vacuum in the hearts of those who sought meaning of life in Divine Grand Designs, a place was opened for Marxism, Fascism and other similar ideologies.\n\nIs the world materialistic as the Marxists say? The reality is that science has never made such a claim and incidentally the scientists at CERN have shown that anti-matter is a reality (6). Does science direct us to dialectical method that Marxists learned from Hegel, or dialectics is useful as a method just like trial and error and other analytic methods such as induction and deduction, and not necessarily the best, and today statistical methods and neural networks are even more effective and none of them is the final method for human thought and many of the issues of methodology of science that were discussed from Aristotle to Descartes (7) to Kant and Popper (8) are still issues of discourse. Therefore, the rejection of both semi-religions of Marxism and Fascism which tried to create a semi-Divine Design, but with Earthly elements, is obvious. Can a general view of the world and humanity make a specific place for an individual and this way to free the individual from the inner vacuum and reinstate a purposeful life?\n\nSurely for someone who is not looking for a Santa Claus, these realities we know are more meaningful than what was told to people in Medieval Times as the Grand Design by the Church. Thus it is obvious that as we go forward, our view of the whole world is richer and certainly the place of the individual in this complex, is not announced by science, and each individual, group, nation and the whole humanity can determine it by themselves. Of course, if we look more accurately the philosophical views reported by Aristotle about those preceding him and his contemporary philosophers, are almost the same as the main philosophical tendencies that human society has carried with it till today and a simple comparison of the views described by Aristotle, of atomists of his time (9), with the view of Bertrand Russell of Logical Atomism (10), shows this reality, and the reason is because humans have not changed much since 2000 years ago. Therefore until the time that we have developed sentient beings with major difference with humans (11), or until we find such sentient beings, i.e. the so-called ET, we cannot expect very different philosophical views of the universe. But if this is inner vacuum, the Medieval vision was much more vacuous, even though for humanity, in its infancy, Santa Claus seems more real, and science of reality, seems like a vacuum.\n\n\nThe following link is to a music piece called \"Western Spaces\" which I personally liked to listen to, for meditation, that may not be necessarily useful for the reader, and even for this author 40 times of listening was needed to begin to become meaningful:\n\n\nNeed to note that the above is not the whole album of \"Western Spaces.\" Thirty years ago I wrote an article about this kind of music that may be useful for the reader (12). Certainly today there are better pieces of this music and newer and more interesting writings about it; unfortunately I have not followed this realm all these years.\n\n\nHoping for a democratic and secular futurist republic in Iran,\n\n\nSam Ghandchi\n27, 2017\n\n\n1. Philosophy of Science in 20th Century-Third Edition\n\nفلسفه علم در قرن بیستم-ویرایش سوم\n\n2. Jack Li: Zen Meditation جک لی-ذن\nWakefulness and Enlightenment\n\nبیدار اندیشی و روشن بینی\n\n3. Futurism and Aristotle's Pluralism\n\nآینده نگری و پلورالیسم ارسطو\n\n4. Spinoza's Refutation of Teleology\n\nاسپینوزا در رد علت غائی\n\n5. کن فیکون مارکسیستی\n\n6. Beyond Matter: Realm of Religion or Science\n\nفراسوی ماده: عرصه مذهب یا علم\n\n7. Descartes and Laity\n\nدکارت و لائیکات -مردم عادی غیر روحانی یا غیرمتخصص\n\n8. تأملی فلسفی: خردگرائی و آینده نگری-ویرایش دوم\n\n9. Futurism and Aristotle's Pluralism \n\nآینده نگری و پلورالیسم ارسطو\n\n10. Pluralism and Russell's Logical Atomism\n\nپلورالیسم و اتمیسم منطقی راسل\n11. New Variant to Meet Human Needs-An Electronic Book\n\nواریانت جدید برای تأمین نیازهای بشر- کتاب الکترونیک\n\n12. What is New Age Music\n\nموسیقی عصر جدید چیست؟\n\n\nRelated Articles\nWorldview of a Smart Monkey\n\nجهان بينی ميمونی هوشمند\nA Note about Hawking's Beginning of Time\n\nیادداشتی درباره آغاز زمان هاوکینگ\nمتافیزیک و مذهب\n\nThe God and Us\n\nخدا و ما -ویرایش دوم\nSufism and Fatalism - A Brief Note\n\nصوفیگری و تقدیر گرائی- یک یادداشت کوتاه\nProblem is not Utopianism, it is Lack of Open Society\n\nمسأله آرمانگرائی نیست، نبود جامعه باز است\n\nعدالت خیالی *اما* استبداد واقعی-از خمینی و رجائی تا احمدی نژاد-ویرایش دوم\n\nIs Socialism More Just?Second Edition\n\nآیا سوسیالیسم عادلانه تر است؟ویرایش دوم\n\nPostmodernism Shaping Islamism\n\nپسامدرنیسم شکل دهنده اسلامگرائی\n\nModern Futurism\n\nآینده نگری مدرن\n\nIs there Room for Metaphysics in Modern Sciences, Second Edition\n\nآیا در علوم جدید جایی برای متافیزیک وجود دارد، ویرایش دوم\n\nPluralism in the Western Thought\n\nپلورالیسم در اندیشه غرب - کثرت گرائی\nMarxist Thought & Monism\n\nاندیشه مارکسیستی و مونیسم -یکتا گرائی\n\nA Conversation with Ray Kurzweil about SelfConsciousness\n\nگفتگویی با ری کرزوایل در مورد خودآگاهی\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFeatured Topics\n\nمتون برگزیده سام قندچی\n\n\n\nFor a Secular Democratic & Futurist Republican Party in Iran", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8660101890563965}
{"content": "You might not be aware of your electrolyte levels on a regular basis, but you could be experiencing symptoms that indicate they’re out of balance. If electrolyte levels are significantly low or high in the body, health issues are likely to develop or get worse. \n\nElectrolytes are essential minerals necessary for the body’s metabolism — the many chemical reactions needed to create energy and sustain life. They’re called electrolytes because when these minerals are dissolved in a liquid they form positive or negative electrically charged ions. \n\nThe electrolytes are calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphate, potassium and sodium. They’re considered essential minerals because we can’t live without them but our bodies don’t make them on their own. Essential minerals have to be ingested through eating, drinking or supplements. \n\nElectrolytes play an important role in every major metabolic function, including blood pressure and body fluid regulation, muscle function, and transmitting signals through our nervous system.\n\nWe’ve rounded up six signs that you might have an electrolyte imbalance and what to do about it. If you have some of these symptoms, we share some great whole food sources to help you heal. \n\n6. Severe Dehydration\n\n\nThe first sign you might have an electrolyte imbalance is when experiencing symptoms of severe dehydration. This is likely because your blood sodium levels have become too high, a condition called hypernatremia. Severe hydration can include symptoms of heavy thirst, confusion, feeling agitated, and could become serious enough to lead to seizures and result in a coma. \n\nDrinking more water throughout the day can help prevent dehydration from occurring, if your body is absorbing sodium, potassium and other electrolytes properly. \n\n5. Signs of Overhydration\n\n\nIt’s rare to drink so much water that you’re overhydrated, but it’s certainly possible. Hyponatremia (overhydration) is caused by excessively low sodium in the blood. Conditions that can lead to overhydration from low sodium include diabetes, hypothyroidism and severe diarrhea. People who take antidepressants or diuretics are also susceptible to overhydration, depending on the medication’s influence on sodium levels in the body. \n\nIf you’re overhydrated, you could experience symptoms like fatigue, weakness, vomiting, and confusion. Fermented foods, like sauerkraut, pickles and kimchi, are great whole food sources of sodium for raising your levels back up to a healthy range. \n\n\nSocial Sharing\n\n\nSite Info\n\nFollow Us\n\nFacebook Twitter Pinterest\n\n\nHealthiGuide © 2021", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9165404438972473}
{"content": "The last few decades have seen the emergence of a dark evil force with Grakus’ powers strengthening with each passing day. However some humans are born with the special ability to fight such dark forces. Arjuna, the son of a fisherman, is one such example, although he himself is unaware of his abilities… as he is not really the son of the fisherman, but in reality the heir of the royal couple Raja Adipura and Permaisuri Rupasari.\n\nOn his 18th birthday, Arjuna accidentally unleashes his magical powers while trying to break up a fight. It is at this point that Grakus realises that Adipura’s descendant is alive and immediately sends his top lieutenants, Lang Kajai & Nading to exterminate Arjuna. Meanwhile this event also enlightens, Pendita Dzulkarnain, a shaman, of Arjuna’s existence and he also sends his warriors, Satria Aduka and Suria in search of Arjuna, so as to train him to fight the dark forces and save mankind.\n\nWill Pendita’s warriors find Arjuna before Grakus’lieutenants… thereby allowing Arjuna to maximisehis true capabilities and fight the evil forces? Enter the world of Arjuna and join KRU Studios in thisexciting series where all will be revealed.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9988185167312622}
{"content": "Lists Recaps Reviews Interviews Explainers\n\nOutlander: Where did Roger and Brianna end up?\n\nBrianna and Roger embrace in a scene from Outlander\nBrianna and Roger seem to have headed back to their own time. Pic credit: Starz/ YouTube\n\nLast night’s episode of Outlander finally saw Roger (Richard Rankin) and Brianna (Sophie Skelton) take the plunge and do some time-traveling. But where did they end up?\n\nRoger and Brianna have already discussed wanting to travel back to their original time but were patient to make sure that young Jemmy would be able to accompany them.\n\nAnd in this episode, we find Jemmy playing with the deceased, time-traveling Otter Tooth’s opal when it cracks and burns his hand.\n\nBree and Roger now realize that the young one has inherited the time-traveling genes; in fact, he’s got a double dose from both his parents.\n\nIt also means, Brianna stresses, that he’s Roger’s son and not Stephen Bonnet’s.\n\nSo what time did Brianna and Roger want to travel to?\n\nThis meant, as far as Roger and Brianna were concerned, there was no longer any point in hanging around. They were going to travel through the stones, hopefully back to their time period. The pair were both born in the 1940s, so they were aiming for the 20th Century.\n\nRoger and Brianna then spent a large part of the episode saying their goodbyes to all at Fraser’s Ridge and telling everyone they’ were headed to Boston so that Roger can take up a teaching position.\n\nGiven his 1968 position as an Oxford don, this might not be too far from the truth. They could probably do worse to make a life for themselves in Brianna’s hometown in the 1960s.\n\nYoung Ian then helped Brianna, Roger and Jemmy travel to the standing stones and agreed to return their horses and look after their land once they’d time-traveled.\n\nAnd where did Brianna and Roger end up?\n\nThe three then held their gems tightly and traveled through the stones. We next saw them waking up on the ground, the rope which held them together had broken, but thankfully they were still together.\n\nUnfortunately, it wasn’t revealed where or when they ended up.\n\nAs the show is based on a series of novels written by Diana Gabaldon, it’s worth taking note of what happened to the characters in the books.\n\nIn the third book, A Breath of Snow and Ashes, Brianna and Roger transport back to the 20th Century at the very end of the novel.\n\nAnd at the beginning of the next installment, An Echo In The Bone, they are portrayed as being in Scotland.\n\nTherefore if the show remains true to the novel series, then Brianna and Roger are now residing in their own time of 1960s Scotland.\n\nOutlander airs Sundays at 8 p.m. on Starz.\n\nJerry Brown\n\n\nWould love your thoughts, please comment.x", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6335669159889221}
{"content": "Identifying and Holding Your Boundaries With Less Struggle\n\nEpisode 7 Boundaries\nWhat are boundaries, why are they important? How do we establish them, and what do we do when our boundaries are pushed?\n\n\nBoundaries shape our destiny. They determine what we accept into our lives and what we don’t. They are our yes’s and no’s.  Whether that’s in our families, in our homes, in our relationships, or in the organizations we lead.  Whether we have weak or strong boundaries it can determine the trajectory of our life.\n\nWhat I’ve noticed is that despite their significance, our society is not good at establishing nor holding onto their boundaries when someone comes up to the line and attempts or does cross them.  Most recently I’ve seen this most demonstrated in our workplaces.\n\nLast week I worked with three senior executives from three different organizations who asked me a very similar question. The gist of each question was that a colleague or colleagues had asked each executive to take on something that each disagreed with.\n\n  • One leader disagreed because the team had addressed the same problem with the same solution to no avail before.  He saw it as an exercise in futility and lack of imagination.\n  • Another felt that the direction ran against what the team had previously decided were their key initiatives in the next 3-6 months.\n  • The third had been asked to follow a party line he didn’t feel comfortable touting.\n\nAll items crossed what these individuals valued, believed or thought correct.  All disagreed with the requests internally.  But here’s the thing.  They all said “yes” anyway.\n\nThe question is why do we say “yes” when we mean “no?”\n\nWhy we allow others desires or values dominate our own?  The obvious reasons are we want people to like us.  We don’t want to disappoint, make people angry, or enter or further a conflict that already exists.\n\nSo, what do we do? We abdicate. We abort. We let people step over our boundaries. This cost is great. I watch intelligent and talented leaders become bitter, resentful, drained and frustrated because they are out of self integrity.  Self integrity is when what we say, feel, think and do don’t aren’t congruent.  Then we get irritated and blame others.\n\nToo many smart individuals are letting others make choices regarding their life due to their willingness and ability to say “no.”  In short, they give their power away.  Often it is because we don’t have the courage or know how to say “no” with grace in a conversation.\n\nIdentifying your “Hell Yes” and your “Hell no.”\n\nThe key to holding boundaries is to know what it is you stand for. Not just knowing what you are against, but what you are for as well.\n\nI hear people say all the time, I’m against adding more to my client load, I am against doing the redundant, I’m against non-productive meetings. But what I hear missing is what am I for.  You can’t hit a target you can’t see.\n\nThink of this: if you could truly be excellent at only one thing, what would that be?  By knowing this, your future decisions are easier.  Know what’s most important right now.\n\nGreg McKeown in his book Essentialism asks you to ask yourself, “Is this a hell yes or hell no?”\n\nIf we don’t know what we are for or what we want, it’s easy to say yes when we mean no. If you don’t prioritize your life, someone else is going to do it for you, and you might not like the way they do it.\n\nSo how do you move from being stressed out and struggling as a result of weak boundaries, to moving confidently and with ease by creating healthy ones?\n\nFirst step, slow down.  I recall Oprah Winfrey saying long ago, doubt means don’t.  If you feel doubt, then don’t say yes. Instead, request more time to reflect and get clear.  One of my favorite Chinese proverbs is “Muddy water, let stand, gets clear.”\n\nOne practical way to slow down is to ask for more time on the decision.  You can say,  “I want to make sure if I commit that I can do it.  I need to get back to you before I can commit.”    Then ask this series of questions.\n\nSecond step, “Is this a true choice for me?” Meaning, am I making this decision because I think I should, or because I’m afraid someone won’t agree or like me? If it’s the latter, then ask yourself what is a truer choice? In other words, what’s the most honest and authentic choice – for me? Consider what brings you joy, what energizes you and fills your tank.\n\nStep three, change your mindset.  Most of think of boundaries equating with elimination or loss.  Instead think boundaries equal freedom…the freedom to do what is important to us, the freedom to be who we are, the freedom to be committed to a higher level of relationship.\n\nResearch shows those who have strong boundaries are more loving than those who do not. They have more space in their life to show up and help others.\n\nTake back your power. Detaching from what others think about us is not always easy, but indeed the reward is priceless.\n\nChallenge yourself to define what you stand for and what you can say “no” to this week.  Enjoy the freedom at work and home that your “no” creates.\n\n\nListen on Apple Podcasts\n\n\nAbout Rita Hyland\n\n\nThrough her coaching programs, private coaching and masterminds, Rita shows leaders how to win consistently and create the impact and legacy they desire.\n\n\n\nRita believes if leaders were more clear about how transformation really works and more intentional about creating what they want, their impact, success and influence in the world would be unstoppable.\n\nHer mission is to end talented, hard-working and self-aware leaders spending another day stuck in self-doubt or confusion and not contributing their brilliant work and talent the world so desperately needs.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9737763404846191}
{"content": "Toadstool Rattle\n\nToadstool Rattle\n\n\nThese are the sweetest wooden rattles. The perfect size for little hands and teething. With a small jingle bell added to the inside it makes a pleasant, soothing sound. They are sanded smooth and sealed with a beeswax and coconut rub. \n\n\nThe top is 2\" and the bottom is 1 5/8 making it about 3.5\", a  great size for babies and toddlers. \n\n\n***Always take care and watch for wear and tear with babies under 4. Small bell can pose as a choking hazard if the parts should come apart.***\n\n    Richmond, Virginia", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6362602710723877}
{"content": "Quick Answer: Have You Started Yet Meaning?\n\nHave you started meaning?\n\n1 : to begin doing or working on something You (had) better get started if you want to finish on time..\n\nWhat does have not started yet mean?\n\nUnstarted/Unbegun all mean that you have not started to work on tasks you have in mind. However, once they are in your folder, that means you’ve already started to work on them by putting them in that category and they must be either finished or discarded in the future.\n\nHas started to work or working?\n\n“Work” is the whole time you are paid for in your job, while “working” is the time where you are actually doing something to deserve your pay. “Start to work” would have the exact same meaning as “start working”.\n\nIs Unstarted a correct word?\n\nAdjective. Not started. We need to focus on the unstarted tasks.\n\nWhat does Rep stand for?\n\nREPAcronymDefinitionREPRegistered Education ProviderREPRepublicanREPRetail Electric ProviderREPRepetition65 more rows\n\nAre you started or have you started?\n\nThe correct answer is “did you start”.\n\nHave already started meaning?\n\nThe performance had already started when we arrived. 2 used to say that something has been done before and does not need doing again You already told me that. ‘\n\nDid you start meaning?\n\n“When did you start” refers to something that started in the past. … If it is a real question: When did you start? (a question in the simple past).\n\nDid start or started?\n\nThe verb ‘start’. You can say ‘start to do’ and ‘start doing’, for example “Last year I started learning Chinese” or, “Last year I started to learn Chinese.” Both are correct and both have the same meaning. Some native speakers may prefer one form over the other, but this will be for regional or personal reasons.\n\nWhat are synonyms for started?\n\nSome common synonyms of start are begin, commence, inaugurate, initiate, and usher in. While all these words mean “to take the first step in a course, process, or operation,” start, opposed to stop, applies especially to first actions, steps, or stages.\n\nWhat is meaning of not yet?\n\nNot-yet definitions Used to describe that something is expected to happen but has not for the moment. adverb.\n\nHas yet to be done meaning?\n\n1. used for saying that something has not happened or been done up to the present time, especially when you think it should have happened or been done. The Scottish Office has yet to make a formal announcement.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8223024010658264}
{"content": "Having a residential tennis court is very convenient. The sad thing is that most people with tennis courts only think about maintenance when it is too late. If you have a tennis court, you need to understand some common issues that affect them. It is also good to know the measures to take to ensure your court is in the best state. That way, you can prevent severe damage that will cost you a lot of cash. This article gives information on signs that you need tennis court resurfacing.\n\nCracks on the Court\n\nThe most obvious sign of a need to resurface is when the tennis court starts getting cracks. Most of these cracks are caused by you placing heavy items on the court. The weight of these items could lead to the cracking of the court surface. Once you notice the appearance of these cracks, call a resurfacing pro. Waiting for too long before calling them could make the situation worse. The cracks will get more profound, and they will require a lot of work to be fixed.\n\nAccumulation of Standing Water\n\nIf there is no adequate drainage, water can start building up on the tennis court after raining. When water begins collecting on the court, it will leave behind a lot of debris. When you neglect to remove the water, it will cause abrasion on the surface. That way, you will not have fun when playing the game. The ideal thing is to call in qualified experts to clean the courts. \n\nPresence of Bubbles on the Court\n\nBubbles on the court usually look like soft humps or bubbles. They are of varying sizes. You will mainly find these bubbles in the parts of the court that are typically isolated. When you step on them, they produce a hollow sound. The sound shows the presence of space between the surface of the court and the ground under it. You can prevent these bubbles from appearing by ensuring you have proper drainage. Once they have formed, you will need the expert services of resurfacing technicians to help you get rid of them. \n\nIn conclusion, tennis court resurfacing will bring you many advantages. You can bring life back to your court and increase its lifespan. Also, it prevents the tennis court from fading due to heat damage. However, you should not attempt to do the resurfacing by yourself. The process is complicated and needs someone with the right skills and knowledge for the job. Therefore, find a professional who does tennis court resurface work to help you with the project.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.955223798751831}
{"content": "Tibetans mainly live in the Tibet Autonomous Region in West china and adjacent mountain ranges. Tibetans are perhaps China’s most popular and mysterious ethnic minority.\n\nThey live among the world’s highest mountains on a vast beautiful plateau. The Tibetan ancestors once had a powerful empire about 1400 years ago, and after that, Tibetans vied for control of Central Asia with Han Chinese and Mongols. \n\nCurrently, there are about 7,000,000 Tibetans, and they are one of the biggest of China’s 55 ethnic groups. Tibetans do not live in Tibet only, they are scattered across the globe.\n\nGood health is majorly based on a good diet and it is the key to unlocking a healthy lifestyle. Until your whole body is free from all kinds of diseases and infections, you cannot declare being in a good health. Good health, besides also make us look better and fit at all times.\n\nOne thing good health does is make you look forward to the next day with so much vigor and optimism as you are free of all diseases or infections. It gives you a more cheerful outlook on life.\n\nSecondly, maintaining the proper type of weight gives you more energy to carry out daily activities effectively. When the weight of the body is too much, the lungs, heart, and bones are affected as they feel so much stress. It also helps you to feel less tired whenever you have to carry a simple load.\n\nThe benefits of a strong immune system cannot be overemphasized, and what good health does is to strengthen the immune system. Overweight is always being caused by not just eating too much food, but also by eating too much of the wrong foods.\n\nFeeling good and taking care of your health boosts your self-esteem and is essential for all-around wellness.\n\n\nTibetans are perhaps China’s most popular and mysterious ethnic minority. They live among the world’s highest mountains on a vast beautiful plateau.\n\n\n\nGood nutrition is not all about dieting, it is about balance and ensuring that your body is getting all the necessary nutrients it needs to function properly. Good nutrition entails eating fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fats, proteins, and starches.  \n\nOne of the main reasons people practice good nutrition is either to maintain a healthy weight or to lose weight. It prevents obesity and other weight-related problems that come with the lack of a good diet. \n\n“You are what you eat” when you eat a dish filled with good nutrients, you feel better and become more energized. It is necessary to avoid sugary food or meals with added sugar to prevent sugar high and crashes.\n\nGood nutrition increases blood flow to the brain, which helps to prevent brain diseases such as dementia and cognitive decline. As good as it is to listen to our body and give in to cravings here and there, it is also necessary to watch what we take in from day-to-day.\n\nFurthermore, having quality eating habits reduces the risk of developing certain diseases as your immune system is strengthened and can fight infections. Also, it plays a role in the health of the skin.\n\nFor example, foods that contain vitamins C and E, lycopene, and other antioxidants help protect the skin against damage. \n\nThe Risk Of Inhalants\n\nInhalants are one of the many categories that certain drugs can be placed under. In turn, inhalants are defined as “volatile substances (that produce chemical vapors) that are rarely taken any other route other than inhalation.” Now when one first thinks of this, his/her mind might automatically redirect itself to cocaine, or other similar inhaled substances, but the keyword with inhalants is that they have to do with “chemical vapors” and the “inhalation” of such. Therefore, these usually consist of household cleaners such as; aerosols, gases, nitrites, and so on. First and foremost are aerosols which include products such as “spray paints and hair sprays.” Second is gases which include “medical anesthetics.” The third is nitrites which include “Isoamyl nitrite.”\n\nAs a result, these products are extremely dangerous to the body – especially after they are used for an extended amount of time – because they aren’t meant for the human body. This can be seen through some of the short term effects of the brain which include but are not limited to; “slurred or distorted speech, lack of coordination (control of body movement, euphoria, dizziness, and others.”\n\nBut some of the long term effects are far greater including but not limited to; “liver and kidney damage, hearing loss, brain damage, and loss of coordination and limb spasms.” Since the chemicals from the inhalants go directly to the brain it causes a significant amount of damage because once the brain shuts down, so do a number of other functions throughout the body. Consequently, the brain isn’t the only thing that inhalants will begin to affect, but the heart as well. For inhaling these harmful products can cause the person’s heart to stop instantaneously. \n\nIn conclusion, it is best for the person to get help before it’s too late. In doing so, those who struggle with inhalant abuse have the ability to free themselves of potential death from “sniffing” and/or “huffing” the substance. They might not be so lucky the next time they try to get ahold of the substance though because just like with any other type of drug, inhalants pose the risks of an overdose just the same. It only takes one instance for this to take place before the addict finds himself/herself dead. In turn, even if it may be a difficult road to recovery, it will be worth it in the end because the individual will find himself/herself living a healthy, drug-free life.\n\nLung Diseases In Tibetan Children\n\nDue to high altitudes, lung diseases are a much more frequent risk in that of the Tibetan population, than they would be in other places. Consequently, those who are not native to Tibet may lack such knowledge of just how much this can affect the people by worsening their health, especially the children. In fact, according to tibetjustice.org we learn what lung diseases in particular cause the most problems for the younger demographic. The report goes to say, “Based on our interviews with children and discussions with physicians from Tibet, the most common serious health problems for Tibetan children appear to be acute upper respiratory infections (such as pneumonia), diarrhea diseases, hepatitis, hydatid disease and tuberculosis.”\n\nAnd while some may be familiar with upper respiratory infections, hepatitis, and/or even tuberculosis (because they have experienced an upper respiratory infection and received antibiotics for such, or have received vaccinations for hepatitis and/or tuberculosis), the Tibetan people might not receive such luxury as their level of healthcare depends heavily on where they reside. For, they may either receive some treatment, or none at all depending on where they are located, and/or reside.\n\nAs a result, if these diseases are left untreated they can either worsen, and even result in death. For, hepatitis varies depending on the stage in which it is in. “Acute hepatitis B, if left untreated, can develop into chronic (long-term) hepatitis B, which is more difficult to manage and can lead to liver failure, liver cancer and even death.” While, Tuberculosis can “cause life-threatening complications like permanent lung damage.”\n\nThink of it like this; here in the states some may find themselves out of district, and/or out of radius whether it be for a particular internet package, delivery, and/or even a particular school district. This analogy can be used when one begins trying to understand the Tibetan treatment. For, it depends heavily on where the individual is located since “There are four distinct levels of health care facilities available in Tibet: the prefectural or municipal level, the county level, the township level, and the village level.”\n\nIn conclusion, Tibetan children will continue to be at risk for worsening health if their needs aren’t met. Unfortunately, changes must be made within the healthcare system in order for this to be done, but even so, one of the biggest benefits is for one to remain literate on such issues. For, it is only through such that breaches can be solved in that of Tibetan healthcare, so that gaps can be closed, and doors can be opened, for children to receive the treatment they need. Through rehab treatment centers Canada, people can receive professional support.\n\nThe Modern Trend of Medical Tourism\n\n\n\n\nCanada Welcomes Medical Tourists from Tibet\n\nhealthcare Canada for Tibet\n\n\n\n\n\nTibetans in Need of Medical Care\n\n\n\n\n\nTraveling from Tibet to Canada for Medical Services\n\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6973189115524292}
{"content": "Pursuing a career in accounting can set you up for a lifetime of stable earnings. Accounting is a large field that’s always in demand, so you shouldn’t have any trouble finding a job.\n\nHowever, the accounting field is widespread and diverse, with dozens of potential ways to develop your career and hundreds of potential positions to hold. How can you be sure which accounting career path is right for you?\n\nPotential Career Paths\n\nLet’s start by reviewing some of the potential career paths you might take as an accountant:\n\nPublic accountancy\n\nOne of the most common paths is to become a certified public accountant (CPA), allowing you to work for a public accounting firm. Here, you’ll provide tax, accounting, tax planning, and consulting for a wide range of different clients. It’s an all-in-one position that almost anyone can achieve and has plenty of room for upward development.·        \n\nTax accountancy\n\nYou could also consider becoming a tax accountant specifically. Here, you’ll be focused on tax-specific accounting work, such as quarterly and annual tax returns. Depending on your career path, you could work primarily with companies or individuals as clients.\n\nFinancial accountancy\n\nIf you’re a financial accountant, you’ll spend most of your time preparing reports that analyze a company’s performance. For example, you might work with profit and loss statements, cash flow statements, and balance sheets.\n\nManagement accountancy\n\nIf you like the idea of working with management accounting and financial management with internal stakeholders, you could become a certified management accountant (CMA). To do this, you’ll need to pass the CMA exam, but the long-term career earnings will make it worth it.\n\nForensic accountancy\n\nForensic accountants don’t deal with DNA analysis; instead, they use financial auditing to provide analyses and expert opinions on legal cases. For example, you may work with a prosecution team to investigate white-collar crimes like fraud or embezzlement.\n\nFinancial planning\n\nYou may also want to become a financial planner, working with companies to provide them advice on financial matters like budgeting, investing, and planning for taxes.\n\nInternal auditing\n\nYou could also become an internal auditor. These auditors work within a company to ensure it’s operating in a fiscally responsible and efficient manner. They may also ensure compliance with various laws and regulations.\n\nDifferent Approaches to Career Development\n\nAdditionally, you’ll need to consider different approaches to career development, such as:\n\nWorking for a company\n\nMany accounting professionals begin their journey working for a company; this might be as a team member within an accounting firm, or as a dedicated professional in a company within another industry. Either way, you may be able to work your way up the corporate ladder, eventually achieving the rank of Chief Financial Officer (CFO) or something similar.\n\nWorking independently\n\nYou could also work as an independent consultant. This affords you more flexibility and control over your work, but also comes with greater instability. You’ll also be responsible for your own growth, securing more clients and more responsibilities.\n\nStarting a firm of your own\n\nIf you like the idea of employing a team of accountants under you, or if you want to serve more in a leadership capacity, you could also start a firm of your own. This is usually done as a late-stage career move, once you have more experience.\n\nFactors to Consider\n\nHow are you supposed to decide which of these paths is best? Consider the following aspects:\n\nPersonal interests\n\nDon’t discount the power of personal interest. If you love what you do, you’ll never work a day in your life. Gravitate toward a field or subfield that genuinely sounds enticing. Your interests may change in the future, but at least you’ll start on the right path.\n\nLong-term earning potential\n\nEven entry-level positions in the accounting field make a decent income. However, you may want to choose a career path that affords you the highest possible trajectory of long-term growth.\n\nMarket demand\n\nYou’ll also need to think about market demand – and how that demand might change over time. Is this a position that every company needs?\n\nEducation requirements\n\nHow much education do you need to achieve this position? Most accounting roles require a bachelor’s degree in accounting at minimum.\n\nCertification requirements\n\nSome positions in accounting only require a minimum amount of education. But others require you to pass a formal exam and earn a specific certification. Most of the time, this is a straightforward process, but it’s still time consuming.\n\n\nYou may also want to choose a career path that affords you the most flexibility, giving you a wide range of options for the future.\n\n\nThere’s no shortage of possibilities for the development of your accounting career. Whatever your preferences are, and whatever your limitations are in terms of education and certification, you’re likely to find a path that works for you.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7229545712471008}
{"content": "Questions & Answers\n\nAt CANNP we pride ourselves on being available to answer questions with no smoke or mirrors.\n\n\nWhat makes the CANNP different?\nThe CANNP is presently the only member-driven, professional Association specifically for Canadian Nutritional Counsellors, with a focus on building successful careers in the field and providing exciting, innovative initiatives. We are paving the way and engaging like no other nutrition related association has before!\n\nWhat are the next steps for the CANNP?\n\nWe are always pursuing innovative ways to enhance value for our Members and have some very exciting plans for the coming year. We will maintain our established efforts to help our Members build successful businesses and we will continue to enhance many of our existing programs. We will work to position our profession in a favourable, forthright and formidable direction. Watch upcoming eblasts and newsletters for the latest details.\n\nJoining and Renewing\n\nWhen can I join?\n\nNow! whether a recent grad, seasoned professional or nutritional student. If you are new to the CANNP complete the application form and upload, or email the proof of completion of your nutrition program. More information is available in the Qualifications area. Then remit payment. New members who have past professional affiliations or several years of experience can contact us directly for special application consideration.\n\nRenewing Members can find the Upgrading Form and the Application under the Renew link. Remember to remit payment to complete your application.\n\nWhenever you join you receive 12 months of membership — so no need to postpone.\n\nStudents can now test drive CANNP for free. Though there is no access to the Members Only area — that is saved for professional Membership — students can participate in the Ready, Set, Chat forum and receive most of the giveaways, all the news and newsletters. It is a good way to really learn what is going on and all that is offered. Students are not offered professional tools.\n\nWhy the designation NNCP since we are an unregulated profession, with no governing body?\n\nNNCP was originally chosen after much careful thought because it could be used in most provinces. With provincial changes, members must stay current and adhere to local laws that impact designations. NNCP’s encourage and educate regarding the impact of nutrition.\n\nCan I use the title Registered Nutritional Therapist?\n\nThe title is available to those members who continue to remain in good standing with CANNP as NNCP’s, and who have at minimum 3 years of experience in the field. There are qualification requirements meant to determine depth of knowledge and focus of the applicant. It is considered valid in some provinces.\n\nHow do I join?\n\nJust complete the Application first and send it along with a copy/scan/photo of proof of graduation whenever it becomes available. Secure insurance, though you can apply while insurance is being reviewed. And please remember to remit payment since your application will not be processed without it. Contact us if you have any questions or concerns. During the first year of Membership you need not accrue upgrading or mentoring hours.\n\nHow do I renew?\n\nComplete the Application first and a list of the upgrading you have accrued. Remit payment either by e-trans, paypal or credit card. Please remember that our database is now tied with several insurers and some of our benefit suppliers. Each month they can access active NNCP numbers so it is important to stay current. You will receive several reminders during the month of your renewal.\n\nWhat counts as upgrading?\n\nYou are welcome to count any source that has contributed to your health/nutrition knowledge or enhanced your business. Examples include books, podcasts, webinars, podcast seminars, research time as well as more formal courses.\n\nWhat if I have not completed all my upgrading?\n\nContact us. We are happy to discuss how we can help you out.\n\nDo I need to secure insurance before applying?\n\nNo, you will want to register with the CANNP prior to obtaining insurance, particularly from LMI Canada so that you will be eligible for the discounted rate.\n\nWhat sorts of research avenues are available to me?\n\nAt no additional cost, professional members have access to a Research Library that highlights websites, journals, stats and apps found to be helpful to nutritionists and complementary practitioners. Much of the focus we provide centers on business development such as our newsletter articles, Power Hours and Tag the Expert podcasts. As well we have secured favourable rates for several research avenues.\n\n\nWhat is CANNP planning to do about getting insurance companies to cover our services?\n\nPresently we have several of the larger insurance companies covering our services, if the client/employer chose specifically to have nutritional counseling included in the policy. These include Manulife, iA Financial Group, Claimsecure, Greenshield Canada and Blue Cross Alberta, with more surely to follow. We only publicize those from who we have specific confirmation of coverage for NNCPs. Few other insurance companies cover the services of holistic nutritionists in Canada unless under their umbrella health policy though we do hear from companies all the time checking on valid membership. Please know that this is true regardless of your professional designation. That said, we are actively working to better educate both the public and insurance companies about the benefits of what we do with the intent to get more support.\n\nAt the same time, we urge professionals to not count on insurance but instead to be build a business that is valuable to clients. Individuals will pay for such services making insurance coverage simply a bonus.\n\nThe E & O insurance seems to be more than some of the others that I have found in the industry. Is there a reason for this?\n\nWe researched the industry to secure a policy that we felt was comprehensive and of good value. Our understanding is that the policy provides us with “malpractice”, which is rarely needed in our industry, but also with general liability that is much more commonly required. It covers damages that may occur in the place of operation. Some homeowner policies also offer this coverage but apparently not too many, specifically when there is an operational commercial enterprise. In these instances, the practitioner may be required to purchase additional commercial coverage. Every situation is unique, and therefore evaluated individually, but if the practitioner rents space the building owner may or may not extend to include the business operation of the renter. Important insurance information to consider.\n\n\nWhat is your position on pursuing recognition?\n\nSince public desire pushes all mainstream recognition, our focus is on ensuring the public knows what a NNCP can accomplish. Establishing our own brand as natural nutritionists is paramount to protecting our right to practice and much of our work is to support that effort. The idea is that Western medicine, insurance companies and government legislation will follow suit based on the success of our established practices. The key is to make our practitioners successful in their own right.\n\nCANNP, under the umbrella of CAN, is working directly with the Ministries of Health and the various dietician groups to better differentiate ourselves and establish the natural nutrition brand.\n\nWhat is your position on pursuing regulation?\n\nWe are regularly in touch with government officials throughout the year. At this time, there is nothing on the books about the pursuit of regulation. We do not think it is likely and besides there is much to consider. Practitioners need to understand that regulation is meant for the protection of the public, not the practitioner. Some feel that it offers an air of credibility, however we suggest that you check in with a naturopath or chiropractor to get an idea of how regulation has affected their practice.\n\nWhy does CANNP not have a certification process?\n\nWe are an unregulated profession, with no governing body, so the words “certified”, “registered” and “board certified” mean only that one is recognized by the institution that bestows the title. In the holistic nutrition field, we are mandated to not appear to be or represent ourselves as a regulated professional. In other words, we cannot do anything that might appear as though we are attempting to represent ourselves as, for example, a medical professional or naturopath.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5262341499328613}
{"content": "Herb Garden\n\nThe Robison Herb Garden showcases a vast collection of herbs ranging from those used for culinary or medicinal uses to those found in literature.  This garden contains a diverse set of smells and colors.  Click the following collections to view a full set of plant lists: Herbs of the Ancients, Bee Herbs, Culinary Herbs, Dye Herbs, Edible Flowers, Economic Herbs, Fragrant Herbs, Herbs in Literature, Lavender, Medicinal Herbs, Herbs of the Native Americans, Ornamental Herbs, Sacred Herbs, Salads and Potherbs, Savory Seed Herbs, Tea Herbs, and Tussie Mussies and Nosegays.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7410090565681458}
{"content": "I’ve seen it before and I’ve been guilty of it myself… Thinking it’s splurge time when we go out to eat.\n\nI’ve heard it all… “I should enjoy it since I’m spending extra money!” “I don’t want to be judged for being the salad eater.” “I just don’t know what to order!”\n\n\nHere’s a list of ways to do just that:\n\n  2. Don’t be afraid of asking for accommodations. Most restaurants always have meat and vegetable entrees as options on the menu, but it’s ok to ask for that customization if not.\n  3. I always ask client to eat something before they go out so they don't go in starving. (you'll be surprised at how much better you make with your choice on what you eat.)\n\n\n\n\nThe next time I go out, I’m having steak, soup, steamed or grilled veggies – how about you? ☺\n\n\n\nYou may also like\n\nWhy is Support so Hard to Get?\n\nWhat does 153 pounds look like on a woman?\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9545239210128784}
{"content": "Ponce Preserve Park\n\nPosted by\nPonce Preserve Park\n\nPonce Preserve Park\n\nPonce Preserve Park\n\nPonce Preserve Park-Over the River and to the Ocean\n\n  There are a lot of parks packed into this small town at the edge of the peninsula, but none are  as     unique as Ponce Preserve. The stunning 40 acre park is sandwiched between the Atlantic  Ocean   and the Halifax River.\n\nTwo and a half miles of trails await both hikers and those seeking solace  amid a natural  setting. On the west side of Peninsula Drive, follow the wide elevated boardwalk  to the river.  On route you will see a dense scrub habitat, native mangroves that protect the  shore from  erosion, and a  variety of birds and other animals that frequent the preserve. The  unspoiled  views arebreathtaking and provide an insight as to what Native Americans saw when  they initially ventured into the area.\n\nday_PoncePreserve_PreserveDock-3002Three, covered gazebos provide some shelter and a place to sit and take in the view. For those looking for a different perspective, there is a launch for canoes and kayaks. Anglers will discover a distinctive place to fish and reflect amid breathtaking surroundings.\n\nWhen you’ve seen the west side, head east. There are picnic areas, play areas for the kids and two additional hiking trails that end at the beach. These trails are shorter than those to the west, but the path is more rugged. As you head toward the ocean, you will see the heart of the park, the Green Mound State Archaeological Site, a Native American midden. If you are wondering what a midden is, it is a place where Indians tossed shells leftover from the food they ate. Think vintage garbage dump.\n\n\nGreen Mound is one of the largest Pre-Columbian shell mounds in the Country, built by Native                Americans around 800 AD. It is the highest elevation in Ponce Inlet, rising about 40 feet in the air.    Located directly in front of the Green Mound is a 350 year old oak tree. There is an observation tower on  route where you can get a bird’s eye view of the scrub habitat.\n\nOnce you cross A1A, you are at the ocean where you can take in the quiet beauty of the lapping surf  before heading back.\n\nIf you go, wear plenty of sunscreen as there is little shade on either side. Remember, you are in a natural  wetland habitat, which means you will encounter mosquitos and other insects that could prove  bothersome. It would be a good idea to bring along some mosquito repellent to better enjoy your visit.\n\n\nPonce Preserve Park provides a nice balance for advanced hikers and for those just taking a stroll. Several trails are completely wheelchair accessible making the hike a viable option for everyone.\n~Deborah Boyd\n\nPonce Preserve Park\n4401 Peninsula Drive\nPonce Inlet, FL 32127\n\nAdmission and parking are free, but parking spaces are limited. Open seven days from dusk to dawn.\n\n\n\n\nFacebook Subscribe", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9894043803215027}
{"content": "Should You Or Shouldn't You: A Dividend Analysis on Iberdrola, S.A. (BME:IBE)\n\nSimply Wall St\nMarch 23, 2021\n\n\nA high yield and a long history of paying dividends is an appealing combination for Iberdrola. We'd guess that plenty of investors have purchased it for the income. The company also bought back stock during the year, equivalent to approximately 3.5% of the company's market capitalisation at the time. When buying stocks for their dividends, you should always run through the checks below, to see if the dividend looks sustainable.\n\nExplore this interactive chart for our latest analysis on Iberdrola!\n\nBME:IBE Historic Dividend March 23rd 2021\n\nPayout ratios\n\nDividends are usually paid out of company earnings. If a company is paying more than it earns, then the dividend might become unsustainable - hardly an ideal situation. So we need to form a view on if a company's dividend is sustainable, relative to its net profit after tax. Iberdrola paid out 76% of its profit as dividends, over the trailing twelve month period. It's paying out most of its earnings, which limits the amount that can be reinvested in the business. This may indicate limited need for further capital within the business, or highlight a commitment to paying a dividend.\n\nWe also measure dividends paid against a company's levered free cash flow, to see if enough cash was generated to cover the dividend. Iberdrola paid out 24% of its free cash flow as dividends last year, which is conservative and suggests the dividend is sustainable. It's positive to see that Iberdrola's dividend is covered by both profits and cash flow, since this is generally a sign that the dividend is sustainable, and a lower payout ratio usually suggests a greater margin of safety before the dividend gets cut.\n\nWe update our data on Iberdrola every 24 hours, so you can always get our latest analysis of its financial health, here.\n\nDividend Volatility\n\nOne of the major risks of relying on dividend income, is the potential for a company to struggle financially and cut its dividend. Not only is your income cut, but the value of your investment declines as well - nasty. For the purpose of this article, we only scrutinise the last decade of Iberdrola's dividend payments. This dividend has been unstable, which we define as having been cut one or more times over this time. During the past 10-year period, the first annual payment was €0.3 in 2011, compared to €0.4 last year. Dividends per share have grown at approximately 2.3% per year over this time. The growth in dividends has not been linear, but the CAGR is a decent approximation of the rate of change over this time frame.\n\n\nDividend Growth Potential\n\nWith a relatively unstable dividend, it's even more important to see if earnings per share (EPS) are growing. Why take the risk of a dividend getting cut, unless there's a good chance of bigger dividends in future? Iberdrola has grown its earnings per share at 8.4% per annum over the past five years. EPS have been growing at a reasonable rate, although with most of the profits being paid out to shareholders, we question if the company will be able to keep growing its dividends in the future.\n\n\nWhen we look at a dividend stock, we need to form a judgement on whether the dividend will grow, if the company is able to maintain it in a wide range of economic circumstances, and if the dividend payout is sustainable. Iberdrola's payout ratios are within a normal range for the average corporation, and we like that its cashflow was stronger than reported profits. We were also glad to see it growing earnings, but it was concerning to see the dividend has been cut at least once in the past. Overall we think Iberdrola is an interesting dividend stock, although it could be better.\n\nMarket movements attest to how highly valued a consistent dividend policy is compared to one which is more unpredictable. Still, investors need to consider a host of other factors, apart from dividend payments, when analysing a company. Taking the debate a bit further, we've identified 2 warning signs for Iberdrola that investors need to be conscious of moving forward.\n\n\n\n*Interactive Brokers Rated Lowest Cost Broker by Annual Online Review 2020\n\n\nDiscounted cash flow calculation for every stock\n\n\nSimply Wall St character - Warren\n\nSimply Wall St\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8214524388313293}
{"content": "Astronomers Discover ‘Celestial Highway’\n\nDecember 11, 2020\nAstronomers have discovered a “celestial highway” to travel through the Solar System much faster than was previously possible. The development raises the prospect of rapidly sending crafts across vast swathes of space.\n\nThe extraordinary superhighway network was discovered by an international team of researchers from Serbia and the United States. The routes can transport comets and asteroids nearly the distance from Jupiter to Neptune in under a decade and a staggering 100 astronomical units in less than a century.\n\nTo break that down, one single astronomical unit is roughly the distance from Earth to the Sun and is equal to about 150 million kilometers. The distance between Jupiter and Neptune is nearly 25 astronomical units.\n\n\nThe team observed the dynamical structure of the routes, which form a connected series of arches inside what’s known as space manifolds that extend from the asteroid belt to Uranus and beyond.\n\nThis newly discovered phenomenon acts over several decades, as opposed to the hundreds of thousands or millions of years that are typical of Solar System dynamics.\n\nThe experts say that the most conspicuous arch structures are linked to Jupiter and the strong gravitational forces it exerts.\n\n“It should come at no surprise that Jupiter can induce large-scale transport on decadal time scales, as space missions have been specifically designed for Jupiter-assisted transport, with the flybys of Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 being cardinal examples,” the astronomers write in their paper.\n\nRead More\n\n0 comment", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9927306771278381}
{"content": "Welcome...Come on it and take a look! \n\nQuiet, relaxed atmosphere, taking you away from the storefront mentality into a peaceful rest meant for healing and rejuvenation. \nFullSizeRender (10).jpg\n\nOur Mission is to reach those who are looking for a true path to healing and wellness; those who are on a quest to find what works for them. \n\nOur Offerings\n\nWe offer a comprehensive and tailored approach to your health concerns. Massage/bodywork, to learning how essential oils can calm and sooth the nervous system and relax into healing. learn a holistic approach to your body's natural way of healing the gut/brain and how power foods can reset your cells for optimum health.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7657357454299927}
{"content": "Zoekresultaat: 7 artikelen\n\nDe zoekresultaten worden gefilterd op:\nTijdschrift Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit x Jaar 2018 x\n\nEen held valt niet – morele dilemma’s als een gevierde insider in de fout gaat\n\nTijdschrift Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2018\nTrefwoorden hero, moral entrepreneur, Bill Cosby, Jimmy Savile, Gerrit Achterberg\nAuteurs Dr. Frank van Gemert en Danaé Stad MSc\n\n    Bill Cosby, Jimmy Savile and Gerrit Achterberg lived in different periods, in the US, UK, and the Netherlands. They were heroes because of what they accomplished during their professional careers but all three turned out to have committed serious crimes. Disclosure is painful, not only for the hero who comes to fall but also for the community that finds itself redefining moral standards when losing a celebrated insider. For this reason, the crimes of these three men have been concealed and kept secret for years. In comparing the three cases, this article tries to find out who decides on keeping the hero on his feet, how this is done, and if this changes over time.\n\nDr. Frank van Gemert\n\nDanaé Stad MSc\nDanaé Stad MSc studeerde criminologie aan de VU en is werkzaam bij het Regionaal Informatie en Expertise Centrum Amsterdam-Amstelland (RIEC-AA).\n\nEen wolf onder de wolven. Ethiek en Ethische Commissies in criminologisch onderzoek naar ‘the powerful’\n\nTijdschrift Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 3 2018\nTrefwoorden Ethics committees, The powerful, Moral entrepreneurs, Ethics creep, Arms trader\nAuteurs Dr. Rita Faria en Dr. Yarin Eski\n\n    For quite some years now, crimes of ‘the powerful’ have been studied by criminologists. While researching crimes of ‘the powerful’, researchers aim to maintain and safeguard their integrity and ethics. However, there seems to be a friction between, on the one hand, ethics of the researchers themselves and on the other hand, ethics (policies) of universities. Obviously, not only do they have to justify their actions and decisions to themselves and ‘science’ as a whole, they must justify their research to ethics committees (EC’s) of universities. It could result in complex and difficult situations when researchers suspect that EC’s themselves may be instruments and products of the powerful groups they are studying. In that case, EC’s might undermine ethics and research integrity themselves. What do certain EC- ‘conditions’ look like for research ethics and to which extent do they have to be adjusted or reconsidered when criminologists are researching ‘the powerful’? The key question that will be answered in this contribution is as follows: how can criminologist (re)act ethically responsibly when confronted with (un)ethical committees? To answer this and other relevant questions, after reviewing literature, we reflect on a biographical study of a legal arms trader. We then elaborate on the ‘ethics creep’ (Haggerty, 2004) that seems to haunt social sciences nowadays.\n\nDr. Rita Faria\nRita Faria Docent criminologie, University of Porto rfaria@direito.up.pt\n\nDr. Yarin Eski\nYarin Eski Docent criminologie, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam y.eski@vu.nl\n\nState-corporate crime en niet-democratische regimes: betrokkenheid van bedrijven in internationale misdrijven\n\nTijdschrift Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2018\nTrefwoorden state-corporate crime, international crimes, state crime, business and human rights\nAuteurs Annika van Baar MA MSc\n\n    Most state-corporate crime research is focused on crime or harmful outcomes in or by democratic states. The goal of this article is to investigate the applicability of this concept to relations between economic actors and non-democratic state actors. The concept of state-corporate crime is applied to three contexts in which corporations have become involved in international crimes such as genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Each representing a turning point in the academic and public perception of ‘business and human rights’, the contexts that are analysed are Nazi Germany (1993-1945), Apartheid South Africa (1948-1994) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; 1996-now). It is concluded that in non-democratic states with totalitarian of authoritarian regimes (such as Nazi Germany and Apartheid South Africa), the concept of state-corporate crime is applicable and explanatory. In such strong states, economic and state actors make use of mutual benefits while, on the whole, state-interests prevail. As a result, the harmful outcome of the dynamics between corporations and states can best be described as corporate facilitated state crime. In weak states (such as the DRC) economic actors are generally more powerful while their involvement in international crimes also runs via non-state actors. The blurred lines between economic actors and state actors (and their interests) makes it difficult to apply the concept, in its different forms, to state-corporate cooperation in weak states and ‘new’ wars.\n\nAnnika van Baar MA MSc\nAnnika van Baar, MA MSc, is post-doc onderzoeker Resilient Societies – Resilient Rule of Law, Faculteit Recht, Economie, Bestuur en Organisatie, Universiteit Utrecht. E-mail: a.vanbaar@uu.nl.\n\nDe anomie van machtsillusies\n\nOnbegrensde ambities in de ‘risk and win’-zakenwereld\n\nTijdschrift Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2018\nAuteurs dr. Bas van Stokkom\n\n\ndr. Bas van Stokkom\n\nAccess_open Theoretische vernieuwing in de criminologie\n\nTijdschrift Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2018\nTrefwoorden Theoretical innovation, Scientific revolutions, Power-knowledge complex, Sensitising theory, Integrative theory\nAuteurs Prof. dr. René van Swaaningen en Dr. mr. Marc Schuilenburg\n\n    This article starts off with an exposé of what ‘theoretical innovation’ means in the social sciences. The development of criminology is considered to be a result of (1) historical and cultural developments, (2) political-economic developments, (3) developments in other academic disciplines and (4) reactions to or specifications of other theoretical perspectives in criminology itself. Paradigm shifts in criminology are characterised by an individualistic and positivist aetiological turn in its early days; a sociological turn towards a ‘criminology of the lawmaker’ from the late 1950s on; and a return to positivism in the neoliberal and neoconservative turn of the 1990s. The new century ushers in a new epistemological break in criminology, in which globalisation, global warming, migration, human rights and the implications of cyberspace ‘force’ criminologists to overcome their anthropocentric and colonial character biases.\n\nProf. dr. René van Swaaningen\nProf. dr. René van Swaaningen is hoogleraar criminologie en voorzitter van de sectie criminologie van de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. E-mail: vanswaaningen@law.eur.nl.\n\nDr. mr. Marc Schuilenburg\nDr. mr. Marc Schuilenburg is universitair docent Strafrecht en Criminologie aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. E-mail: m.b.schuilenburg@vu.nl.\n\nEmotions and Explanation in Cultural Criminology\n\nTijdschrift Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2018\nTrefwoorden cultural criminology, emotions, affective states, explanation, theory\nAuteurs dr. Nicolás Trajtenberg\n\n    Cultural Criminology (CC) is one of the most recent and exciting developments in criminological theory. Its main argument is that mainstream criminological theories provide inadequate explanations of crime due to epistemological and theoretical flaws. CC’s alternative involves assuming a phenomenological and interpretative approach that focuses on the cultural and emotional components of crime. In this article I shall argue that although CC makes a valid demand for more realistic and complex explanations of crime, its own alternative needs to deal with two main challenges referred to its conceptualization of explanation and emotion. First, two problematic antagonisms should be avoided: understanding vs. causal explanation; and universal nomothetic explanations as opposed to ideographic descriptions. Considering recent developments in philosophy of social science, particularly the ‘social mechanisms approach’, CC should focus on explaining retrospectively through identification of specific causal mechanisms rejecting universal and predictive pretensions. Second, although cultural criminologists rightly question the emotionless character of criminological explanations, they lack an articulated alternative conceptualization of emotions to explain crime. A more refined concept needs to be elaborated in dialogue with recent advances in social sciences.\n\ndr. Nicolás Trajtenberg\nDr. Nicolás Trajtenberg is senior lecturer and researcher at the Department of Sociology, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Uruguay. He holds a PhD in criminology by the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, UK. His main areas of research are explanation and theory in criminology, and youth violence. E-mail: nico.trajtenberg@gmail.com.\n\nNaar een non-antropocentrische criminologie\n\nTijdschrift Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2018\nTrefwoorden green criminology, non-anthropocentric criminology, environmental crime, speciesism, animal rights\nAuteurs Dr. Daan van Uhm\n\n    Changing ecological conditions in a globalizing world pose new challenges for human societies. Global warming, large-scale pollution, deforestation and species extinction have increasingly become topics on the international agenda. Even though many of these harmful activities are criminogenic, criminology pays rather little attention to environmental crimes and harms.\n    Therefore, this article discusses the anthropocentric perspective within criminology and argues that a non-anthropocentric criminology can lead to new theoretical insights.\n\nDr. Daan van Uhm\nDr. Daan van Uhm is als universitair docent verbonden aan de sectie criminologie van het Willem Pompe Instituut voor Strafrechtswetenschappen, Universiteit Utrecht.\nInterface Showing Amount", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9897760152816772}
{"content": "Double Click 970×250\n\nKartik Aaryan shows up at his balcony and waves out to paparazzi\n\nWeb Desk\n\n04th May, 2021. 09:27 pm\nAdsense 300×600\n\nRecently Kartik Aaryan spotted on his balcony by the media, he was enjoying the beautiful day at home, and he treated the media with his warm smile and waved them.\n\n\nThe second wave of Covid locked everyone in their homes, celebrities either going out of the country for vacation or they’re staying at home and enjoying their time relaxing, Actor Kartik Aaryan was also snapped while standing on his balcony and he was generous to wave back to shutterbugs with his infectious smile.\n\nKartik Aaryan\n\nKartik Aaryan\n\nKartik Aaryan\n\nKartik Aaryan\n\nAfter getting fired from the movie ‘’Dostana 2’’ the actor will be seen in another film called ‘’Bhool bhullaiyya 2’’. The film also stars Kiara Advani and Tabu.\n\nKartik was seen in his casual sweatpants and shirt. He was wearing all grey coloured comfy attire, in an earlier post, he had urged fans to wear a mask and stay home.\n\nAdsense 728×90", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5630446672439575}
{"content": "Fujitsu innovation tackles intractable IT problems\n\nComputing history is littered with the corpses of solutions overtaken by technology.\n\nComputing history is littered with the corpses of solutions overtaken by technology. However, the problems they were set up to address have not gone away, says Nic Holt, technical architect with Fujitsu.\n\nTake database searches, for example. In the 1970s ICL developed the contents-addressable file store, or Cafs. In an age where mainframes ran with 128kb of memory, Cafs was a database appliance, essentially disc storage with built-in search facilities. This removed the onerous task of finding exact matches to wild-card queries from the mainframe. The result was about a 20 times improvement in throughput, Holt says.\n\nHowever, the cost of memory dropped to the point where it was affordable to run the entire database in main memory. \"Today we are running systems with 138Gb, big enough for many databases,\" Holt says.\n\nMuch of the functionality of Cafs migrated into software that ran on later generation mainframes. Given their extra memory capacity, it made little sense to have a separate device just for database queries. Instead, Holt says, the search is on for better algorithms to speed up the finding and matching of search items.\n\nHowever, Cafs-like devices with solid-state rather than spinning memory may soon be more common. Teradata, for instance, is making a good living off the need to process massive amounts of data in close to real time. With the volume of data to be processed rising constantly, and as the sensor-based \"internet of things\" comes to life, processing it all will require big leaps in capacity.\n\n\"But there will always be a break-even point at which the old solution is superseded by a new one,\" Holt says.\n\nAccording to Holt, scheduling (data for processing) is an intractable problem with current technology. \"A lot of people are waiting for quantum computing to see if it is a way forward,\" he says. But they may have to wait. Holt says commercial quantum computers are unlikely to hit showrooms for a decade or two.\n\nHolt maintains that a lot of IT is driven by a product life-cycle management schedule rather than genuine advances. But sometimes genuine solutions exist but can't get to market.\n\nThis is the case with privacy, Holt says. This is a \"technology versus society\" subject, he says. He believes the IT specialists have a good grasp of the problem and its solutions, but emotion fires the political and social discourse. This heat, rather than light, is holding up the implementation of applications that could make a real and positive difference to peoples' lives.\n\n\"Unfortunately we are creating a society that is increasingly technologically illiterate,\" Holt says. \"Even though everyone uses Facebook and Twitter, most don't understand the implications. We urgently need a better informed debate on this so that we can develop sensible solutions that can hold the executive authorities to account.\"\n\nThis will become increasingly important as information processing disappears into the cloud, where the source, collection and application of that processing becomes opaque to outsiders and to data subjects, he says.\n\nRead more on IT innovation, research and development", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5838124752044678}
{"content": "Opendata, web and dolomites\n\nEffectorTargets SIGNED\n\n\nTotal Cost €\n\n\nEC-Contrib. €\n\n\n\n\n\n\n EffectorTargets project word cloud\n\nExplore the words cloud of the EffectorTargets project. It provides you a very rough idea of what is the project \"EffectorTargets\" about.\n\nrewire    effectors    insights    nutrients    contact    parasite    though    reaction    graminis    host    date    supplies    mounts    source    separately    500    reinhardtii    infects    circumvent    suppress    pathogenic    functions    elucidate    immune    function    live    fungi    cells    barley    first    ways    effector    hordei    act    encode    biotechnology    blumeria    proven    chlamydomonas    plants    successfully    purposes    bacterial    majority    algae    medical    interesting    vast    close    model    uses    mildew    sp    plant    besides    turn    powdery    nature    unravelling    secreted    humans    cerevisiae    defence    immunity    reproduce    race    combat    eukaryotic    infection    successful    arms    vertebrates    fungal    yeast    time    conserved    opens    found    roles    predicted    plethora    unknown    insects    pathogenicity    cellular    infect    hosts    proteins    reactions    grow    fungus    express    saccharomyces    organisms   \n\nProject \"EffectorTargets\" data sheet\n\nThe following table provides information about the project.\n\n\nOrganization address\ncity: LONDON\npostcode: SW7 2AZ\n\ncontact info\ntitle: n.a.\nname: n.a.\nsurname: n.a.\nfunction: n.a.\nemail: n.a.\ntelephone: n.a.\nfax: n.a.\n\n Coordinator Country United Kingdom [UK]\n Total cost 183˙454 €\n EC max contribution 183˙454 € (100%)\n Code Call H2020-MSCA-IF-2014\n Funding Scheme MSCA-IF-EF-RI\n Starting year 2015\n Duration (year-month-day) from 2015-09-09   to  2017-09-08\n\n\nTake a look of project's partnership.\n\n# participants  country  role  EC contrib. [€] \n\n\n Project objective\n\nIn nature, fungi live in close contact with many different hosts: plants, other fungi, insects and even vertebrates including humans. They do so because the host often supplies key nutrients, which enables the fungus to grow and successfully reproduce. In many cases though, a fungus can act as a parasite and infects the host. As a result, the host mounts an immune reaction to combat the fungal infection. The fungus, in turn, has evolved ways to circumvent the immune reaction. This “arms race” between fungus and host has given rise to a plethora of secreted proteins that the fungus uses to suppress the host immune responses and circumvent host defence reactions. These secreted proteins from fungi that function in this arms race are commonly known as “effectors”. A very important plant pathogenic fungus that is predicted to encode close to 500 of such effector proteins is the barley powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Unravelling the functions of these effector proteins will provide important insights into fungal pathogenicity and host immunity. To date, the roles of the vast majority of the effector proteins are unknown. One way to elucidate the functions of these numerous effector proteins is to express each separately in model eukaryotic organisms like yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and identify conserved cellular targets of these effector proteins. This approach has proven to be very successful in identifying targets of bacterial effector proteins. In the project described here, this yeast- and algae-based system will be applied for the first time for fungal effector proteins. Effectors are, besides being used by fungi to infect plants and other organisms, also a potential new source to rewire cells. When interesting conserved targets of these effectors are found, it opens up ways to use them in biotechnology and for medical purposes.\n\nAre you the coordinator (or a participant) of this project? Plaese send me more information about the \"EFFECTORTARGETS\" project.\n\n\n\n\nThe information about \"EFFECTORTARGETS\" are provided by the European Opendata Portal: CORDIS opendata.\n\n\nSelf-EsteemProcesses (2020)\n\nA self-esteem process framework of the transition to work\n\nRead More  \n\nCartesian Networks (2020)\n\nCartesian Networks in Early Modern Europe: A Quantitative and Interdisciplinary Approach\n\nRead More  \n\n\n\nRead More", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7405804991722107}
{"content": "\n\nWith a commitment to sustainability and a passion for innovative housing solutions, our team has won awards and praise for our unique custom homes, including a series of small homes and mini-homes. As we widened our range of services we also expanded our geographical reach. Our residential stock plans are sold throughout the United States, and even overseas.\n\nWhile addressing the specific context of each project, our residential plans are developed with simplicity, modularity, flexibility, and construction efficiency. These traits make our plans suitable and appropriate for a range of customers and sites.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9422133564949036}
{"content": "Investing globally in companies extending healthy lifespans.\n\nWhat is Longevity?\n\nWhere we invest\n\nPeople over 50 are the fastest-growing demography in the world. That trend creates enormous challenges and pressures for the global economy, healthcare, and pension systems. It is also probably the greatest and most ethical investment opportunity. At the same time, there is exceptional progress in the science of understanding aging. The pace in prevention and rejuvenation technologies is accelerating at an unprecedented rate as well. All these trends and the related economy are called the \"Longevity Economy.\" The global Longevity Economy reached $17 trillion in 2019 and shows stable growth to achieve $27 trillion in 2026.\n\nWhat role do we play?\n\nwhy we invest\n\nWe support the innovation wave that is happening using a focused approach and deep expertise in this very complex industry. Our academic board and subject matter experts include many scientists in related fields. We provide proactive company care and mentoring, world-class network, IP and commercialization support, and opportunities for synergic effects with our portfolio companies.\n\nWhat is our focus?\n\nhow we invest\nLongevity sector\nBiotech, Agetech, Regenerative therapies, Personalized medicine, Aging diagnostics, Longevity-related AI, Supportive software platforms,...\nPre-seed to Series A\nClose to market solutions with high impact potential that are based on validated science. Technology readiness level 5 - 9.\n25-30 investments\nIn the timeframe of 2020 - 2022 with followup investments in 2023-2025. Usual ticket in the range of lower hundreds of thousands EUR/USD. Geographically agnostic.\n\nWhat can we offer?\n\nwe are entrepreneurs\nStrong network\nWe are connected and co-investing with the most prominent leaders in the longevity field.\nPersonal approach\nWe have tens of years of experience with building and mentoring high-tech startups, our mentors previously ran and exited multiple ones, including startup accelerator.\nSmart money capital\nWe have deep understanding of the industry, experienced team and reputable advisory board.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999634027481079}
{"content": "What's SIMCO?\n\nWhat is the meaning of SIMCO? S means Spring, I means Industry, M means Machinery, and CO means Company. This is the original intention of our simple thoughts. After many years and market sales, we have changed many times in order to make SIMCO customers better. Customers trust SIMCO, and SIMCO also echoes this trust positively.\n\nTAIWAN SIMCO COMPANY was the SIMCO spring machine company in the 1980s. Before 2016, SIMCO was the most representative company in Taiwan's spring machine industry!\n\nIn the spring industry, SIMCO has spent about 40 years operating \"spring\"! From raw materials to products, from equipment to manufacturing. This also makes SIMCO a leader in the industry, providing customers with the most professional and complete solutions!\n\nAfter 1990, with the rise of China spring machine, SIMCO naturally spared no effort to participate in this period of China’s growth, and has been deeply cultivated in China for more than two decades, not only has made outstanding contributions to China’s equipment manufacturing system, also the biggest gain is completeness. As a result, SIMCO has a deeper understanding and participation in the production equipment industry.\n\n\nSince 2010, in the face of competition from emerging Chinese companies, SIMCO has gradually focused on the key technology of precision machining, which has also improved SIMCO’s physique many times. When many industries are gradually leaving Taiwan, SIMCO is still standing.\n\nSince 2015, due to customers’ recognition of SIMCO’s service and trust, SIMCO has also begun to gradually transform under the guidance of customers. SIMCO is not only limited to the spring industry, but also opened up new businesses and new horizons. In terms of its richness, we provide more diverse products and services to our customers.\n\nIn 2020, SIMCO officially changed its name to TAIWAN SIMCO COMPANY. The removal of the Spring machine does not mean that SIMCO has left the spring industry, but redefines SIMCO, no longer limited to Spring business only, just  in order to  provide more diverse and richer product resources to our customers.\n\nThe name TAIWAN SIMCO COMPANY is SIMCO’s expectation for the future, in order to provide customers with better services. We are a company that has been deeply engaged in Taiwan and a company that has experienced in the Chinese market. It is always better than yesterday for a better SIMCO, everything is to respond to customers' expectations and trust in.\n\nMaintaining a positive attitude towards the future, TAIWAN SIMCO COMPANY will always Say Yes to the future!!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.87074875831604}
{"content": "Pterostichus anthracinus (Illiger, 1798)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nADEPHAGA Clairville, 1806\n\nCARABIDAE Latreille, 1802\n\n\n\nPterostichus Bonelli, 1810\n\nPseudomaseus Chaudoir, 1838\n\nThis locally common hydrophilic species occurs from lowlands to about 1200m throughout Europe, north to the UK and southern Sweden, and south to Italy, Caucasus and Iran, it extends through Russia to the eastern Palaearctic region and is represented throughout by many subspecies; the nominate subspecies occurs throughout most of the range but is absent from Portugal and several Mediterranean countries including most of the Balkan Peninsula, ssp. biimpressus (Kuster, 1853)occurs in Italy, south east Europe and the Near East, ssp. depressiusculus (Chaudoir, 1844) occurs through the ear East and Asia, ad ssp. hespericus (Bucciarelli & Sopracordevole, 1958) is endemic to Italy. In the UK it is widespread though local across the south of England and South Wales, and more scarce and sporadic further north to southern Scotland and through northern and Western Ireland. Adults are present year-round and active over a long season from early sprig until the autumn, they occur in wetlands generally and especially well-vegetated clay or peaty soils beside standing water or on permanently damp floodplains etc, they are mainly nocturnal but are often active on hot summer days, on the continent they often occur in shaded and moist wooded areas and on wet gravelly substrates in mountain valleys. Mating occurs in the spring and begins soon after the adults have emerged from overwintering in the soil; females are known to build small brood nests in which they deposit their eggs and guard them until the larvae emerge although this instinct applies for only so long because if the eggs do not hatch she will eventually eat them. Larvae develop through the spring and into the summer and pupate in the soil during July and August, this stage lasts for about ten days and new-generation adults appear from August until the autumn. Both adults and larvae are surface predators, feeding on a range if small insects and other animals but they also scavenge carrion and very probably take at least some plant food. Adults are wind-dimorphic and those with fully-developed wings fly well and occasionally come to MV light. They are easy to spot by torchlight and by day will soon become active if the substrate is flooded or disturbed, they tend to occur in numbers and often among numbers of superficially similar carabids, pitfalling is very effective but in such habitats but tends to produce large numbers of carabids and should be done with caution.\n\nPterostichus anthracinus 1\n\nPterostichus anthracinus 1\n\nPterostichus anthracinus 2\n\nPterostichus anthracinus 2\n\n10.0-13.0 mm. Entirely shiny black with dark brown appendages, the femora often darker than the rest of the legs. Head with two setiferous punctured beside the large convex eyes, vertex smooth and very finely punctured, clypeus and frons mostly smooth but for a ridge alongside each eye, mandibles robust and protruding, antennae filiform; the basal segment about as long as the third. Pronotum transverse, broadest about the middle and curved to distinct anterior angles and weakly sinuate margin before sharp posterior angles, explanate margin narrow throughout, basal fovea doubled and with a short external keel. Elytra long and flat, with sloping shoulders and a continuously rounded apical margin, in the female with a tiny tooth at the sutural apex, with well-impressed striae including a scutellary striole, epipleura crossed before the apex, interstices flat; the third with three or four (counting one near the basal margin) setiferous punctures joining the second or third striae. Abdominal sternites with fine and dense, sometimes confluent, punctures, in the male the apical sternite is longitudinally impressed. Terminal segment of all tarsi glabrous ventrally. Basal segments of male front tarsi dilated.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5462609529495239}
{"content": "The debt ratio is a fundamental gauge that tracks the balance of a company's long-term debt vs. its shareholders' equity. Boston Beer Company, Inc. Debt-to-Equity Ratio = 0.000. A low equity ratio will produce good results for stockholders as long as … Your LTV would be 37.5 percent. So now that you've found a company with great prospects, consistent and growing earnings, high returns on equity, and low … The Equity Ratio measures the proportion of the total assets that are financed by stockholders, as opposed to creditors. In a perfect world, though, a low debt-to-equity ratio - say, 0.30 - is better, as it indicates the firm has not accumulated a lot of debt and doesn't have to face onerous … Debt-to-Equity Ratio = 0.000. A high equity ratio, however, does not automatically indicate that the earnings of the company are low. The company had an equity ratio greater than 50% is called a conservative company, whereas a company has this ratio of less than 50% is called a leveraged firm. Debt to equity ratio is the financial liquidity ratio that compares firms total debt vs total equity. Companies that finance an … However, low ratio … It is calculated by dividing total debt by total equity which indicates how leveraged the firm is. The debt to equity ratio is a financial, liquidity ratio that compares a company’s total debt to total equity. In fact, the opposite tends to be true. The Significance of Equity Ratio. Considering the aforementioned factors, it is wise to choose stocks with a low debt-to-equity ratio to ensure safe returns. A more financially stable company usually has lower debt to equity ratio. Therefore, companies with high debt-to-equity ratio risk faces reduced ownership value, increased default risk, trouble obtaining additional financing and violating debt covenants. In the given example of jewels ltd, since the equity ratio … Putting It All Together. Using the example of a $400,000 property, assume you owe $150,000. Hansen Natural Corporation Debt-to-Equity Ratio = 0.000. A higher debt to equity ratio … An high asset/equity ratio indicates the company may be suitable for the extension of credit, especially is the amount of debt carried by the company is somewhat low, or if the … Higher ratio … The debt to equity ratio shows the percentage of company financing that comes from creditors and investors.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9996544718742371}
{"content": "The immune system is the body’s defense mechanism against foreign agents that invade it, including infectious organisms. A properly functioning immune system must effectively differentiate the cellular constituents of its own body from those of an invading organism that should be attacked while those of its own body should not. This is how the immune system defends the body from pathogens. \n\nAn infection will occur if the immune system does not quickly detect and eliminate the foreign organism. Another problem will arise if the immune system mistaken its own body’s cellular components for an invading organism and subsequently attacks them – this problem is known as an autoimmune disease. \n\nImage 1: <img scr=”Image 1.jpg” alt=”How the immune system responds to self or foreign antigens”>\n\nImage 1. How the immune system responds to self or foreign antigens.\n\nThe failure of the immune system to make a proper distinction between its body’s cellular components and a foreign organism is what leads to kidney damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Other common autoimmune diseases include multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes, Sjogren’s syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. \n\nThe cause of this self-destroying behavior of the immune system is not fully known, although, some genetic, hormonal and environmental factors and infections may contribute to autoimmune disease development in patients.\n\n\nThe current procedures for treating a lot of autoimmune diseases involve systematically using anti-inflammatory medications and potent immuno-modulatory and immunosuppressive agents such as steroids and inhibitor proteins that antagonize the activities of inflammatory cytokines. Although these therapies have had some significant effects in correcting immune responses, they still do not work in the treatment of certain patients and may have unpleasant side effects. \n\nAccording to Wikipedia, stem cell therapy is the administration of stem cells (SCs) to treat or prevent a disease condition. SC transplants have been used for decades in patients with leukemia, lymphoma and other hematologic cancers to help reconfigure their immune systems. Researchers then wondered if the diseases helped by stem cells could be extended to include autoimmune diseases. \n\nImage 2: <img scr=”Image 2.jpg” alt=”Application of stem cells”>\n\nImage 2. Application of stem cells.\n\nMuch extensive research on stem cells and disease treatment of an autoimmune nature were conducted, and many leading health centers providers offer patients the most effective procedures that are scientifically proven.\n\n\nThe first accepted stem cell therapy for autoimmune disease which is known as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a series of treatment procedures aimed at resetting the dysfunctional immune system of patients who are suffering from severe autoimmune diseases. \n\nAlmost every stem cell transplant for autoimmune diseases involves using the patient’s own (autologous) stem cells. Once proven to be effective, this type of stem cell transplant for autoimmune disease will be accessible to many patients, since the need to search for a matching stem cell donor would have been eliminated. \n\nCurrently, adult patients are getting SCs for autoimmune diseases treatment from their own bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood but at the rate at which studies are advancing, children of today could undergo analogous transplants using their own umbilical cord blood in the eventuality that they develop an autoimmune disorder later in their lives. \n\nAsides eliminating the need to search for a matching donor, autologous HSCs require lower levels of chemotherapy treatment which helps to reduce the risk of the patient developing life-threatening complications. \n\nMost of the time, the treatment procedures for autologous HSCT involve three major steps and they are: \n\n1. Using bolus infusions of cyclophosphamide (CY) plus subcutaneous injections with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize peripheral blood progenitor cells.\n\n2. Conditioning – this involves subjecting the patient to high doses of chemotherapy or total body irradiation (TBI).\n\n3. Reinfusing the graft product which may or may not involve ex-vivo manipulation.\n\nSince HSCT causes many side effects, some treatment protocols have been developed using only mesenchymal stromal cells, without the application of chemotherapy. This is a more gentle treatment, which also allows you to get a pronounced result without causing damage to the body. \n\n\nSCs are known for their ability to self-renew, proliferate and mobilize. Their other characteristics include multilineage differentiation and homing. They are of two main groups:\n\n1. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs). When they are obtained approximately three days following fertilization, they are totipotent, which means they can produce more than 200 cell-types including extra-embryonic tissues like the placenta and umbilical cord. ESCs obtained four or five days after fertilization are pluripotent, which means they are capable of producing all cell-types except for extra-embryonic tissues. \n\n2. Adult stem cells (ASCs). They most times produce specific tissue progenitor cells. They are most times multipotent, that is, the number of cell-types they produce is more limited. HSCs are one of such multipotent ASCs and they in turn produce all blood cell-types and immune SCs. The bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord blood are the major sources of HSCs, although they may also be found in peripheral blood albeit at smaller quantities. Also, peripheral SCs like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and multipotent adult progenitor cells have been discovered in many adult tissues. This type of stem cell is widely used for cell-based therapy at regenerative medicine centers, such as Swiss Medica in Europe and others.\n\n\nMore and more evidence suggest that the immuno-modulatory properties of MSCs are responsible for their therapeutic effects. The micro-environmental inflammatory conditions determine how MSCs regulate their immuno-modulatory functions. The anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory effects of MSCs are seen in the regulation of lymphocytes of innate and adaptive immune systems. \n\nAn increasing number of evidences also suggest the following about MSCs:\n\n  1. MSCs can modulate the proliferation and function of T cells.\n  2. They can regulate the activities of T-helper 1 (TH1) and T-helper 2 (TH2).\n  3. The functions of regulatory T cells can be upregulated by MSCs.\n  4. MSCs can repress the functions of B cells.\n  5. The proliferation and functions of natural killer cells can be impeded by MSCs. \n  6. MSCs block the maturation and activation of dendritic cells.\n  7. MSCs can facilitate the secretion of cytokine and proliferation in innate lymphoid cells.\n\nConsiderable research has been done in clinical medicine concerning the human stem cell and disease conditions of an autoimmune nature. The current options of therapy for treating three types of autoimmune diseases is discussed below.\n\nStem Cell Therapy for Lupus\n\nEvidence suggests that in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, there is bone marrow dysfunction with a notable decrease in the number of CD34+ cells and also a possibility of a reduction in the proliferation capability of the SCs. There are also increased levels of CD34+ subpopulation apoptosis and a reduction in the frequency of colony-forming units when in comparison with control groups. \n\nAccording to a report, between 1995 and 2002, the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) reported using HSCT for 53 registered cases of lupus. Between 1997 and 2005, a transplant center in the US also had 50 patients undergo HSCT. The current procedure for stem cell treatment for lupus involves using CY and G-CSF for mobilization and high levels of CY doses and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) coupled with CD34+ selection in vitro. 32 other isolated cases have been reported besides the EBMT/EULAR and American studies. There were 22 cases where clinical remission occurred with the treatment using stem cells and lupus relapse occurred in about 30% of these cases. \n\nWhat was found out with the use of stem cells for lupus was that the risk of relapse increased with the length of the post-transplantation period. It was also found out that there was no detectable difference in relapse frequency with CD34+ selection or with more intense conditioning.\n\nAlso, the lupus stem cell treatment does not come with severe adverse effects and therapies to which patients have been known to be previously resistant can be used to control the disease’s activity. These findings suggest promising results in cases of patients suffering from lupus and stem cells are used for their treatment.\n\nStem Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis\n\nMultiple sclerosis, an organ-specific autoimmune disease, is mediated by T-cells that attack the structural components of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). In this disease, there is an interruption of an electrical signal which is a result of demyelination and loss of axons that comes after inflammation in the CNS. \n\nThere are no available curative treatments for multiple sclerosis. Treatments are only able to reduce CNS inflammation and delay disease advancement. The immuno-suppressive and immuno-modulatory actions of analogous HSCT are what multiple sclerosis stem cell therapy is based on. Multiple sclerosis is a multifocal disease and this makes injecting SCs into each affected site practically impossible, meaning that these cellular entities have to be attracted to the pathological locations after their introduction to the patient’s body. \n\nThere is an alternative procedure of stem cell therapy multiple sclerosis can be treated with. It involves the intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells. Also, stem cell research for multiple sclerosis indicates that these cellular entities are able to reach the CNS and transdifferentiate or acquire properties of oligodendrocytes and possibly neurons – this provides a possibility that may be effective in the repair of neurons and also re-myelinization.\n\nStem Cell Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis\n\nRheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease that can cause irreversible damage to the joints, mobility loss, the need for surgery, and quality of life reduction. Lesions develop as a result of cellular and humoral immune responses. In 80% of rheumatoid arthritis patients, an autoantibody specific to the Fc region of the human immunoglobulin G can be found. This autoantibody is called the rheumatoid factor.\n\nImage 3: <img scr=”Image 3.jpg” alt=”Stem cell therapy for rheumatoid arthritis”>\n\nImage 3. Local injection during stem cell therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.\n\nA suitable technique in stem cell treatment for rheumatoid arthritis is the mobilization of HSCs with G-CSF. Administering cyclophosphamide before G-CSF has been shown to be somewhat advantageous. Inducing immunosuppression by CY may help decrease the risk of triggering more symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis that is produced by G-CSF. Cyclophosphamide appears to increase HSC levels, aid graft manipulation, while also decreasing the amount of T lymphocytes re-introduced into the system which are potentially pathogenic. \n\nIt also seems to facilitate the repair of immuno-competent cellular entities and reestablish the immuno-logical balance without the need to re-infuse HSCs into the patient.\n\nThe efficiency of current immunosuppression-based therapies for autoimmune diseases is not too high, and emerging disease-modifying drugs fail to stop the progression of the degenerative processes, in addition to the destructive effect on the entire body. Intravenous and/or local stem cell introduction as an alternative treatment option may lead to a better result. \n\n\nCell treatment for autoimmune diseases provides immunosuppressive and immuno-modulatory effects in patients. The use of a stem cell for autoimmune disease treatment helps to restore the dysfunctional immune system. The lymphatic system will be renewed and the diseases’ activities will be reduced which will result in long-term remission. \n\nMSCs offer a positive outlook in the therapy for autoimmune diseases. It is reported that the treatment brought about by these cellular entities may allow for the production of immunosuppressive factors and may help in the repair of tissues damaged by the chronic inflammatory process.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7739441394805908}
{"content": "A Strawberry Moon rises along with a partial eclipse on Friday\n\nLunar Eclipse 2020 On January 10 Timings Duration where to watch Chandra Grahan tomorrow\n\nSydney Will Be Treated To A 'Strawberry Moon' Eclipse On Saturday Morning\n\nThis Strawberry Moon will be much dimmer than the recent series of supermoons, not because the moon will be farther away from the Earth, but because it will pass through part of the Earth's shadow to create a lunar eclipse, Accuweather reported. This is what you have the chance to see on Saturday. During a penumbral eclipse such as Friday's, however, the Moon just nicks the outer shadow of the Earth.\n\nThe Strawberry Moon will set at 7:05 a.m. June's full moon usually coincides with the harvesting season of wild strawberries in America and the phenomenon was often addressed in reference to that. This is not because of the moon's pink colour as many would wrongly assume, but rather due to a North American tradition, as per the experts.\n\nBritish Study Discloses Good News On COVID-19\nHowever, overall prevalence of coronavirus infections rose to one in 80 people from one in 85 the previous week. Government scientists think the Covid epidemic could now be in retreat.\n\nStargazers listen up: tonight marks the beginning of the eclipse season. During the lunar eclipse, Earth moves in between the sun and the moon and obstruct the sunlight that is reflected by the moon.\n\nIn Europe, the moon in June is called by other names like Honey Moon, Mead Moon and Rose Moon. Before going out and looking for a full moon in the skies today, it is important to first understand what a lunar eclipse is. This time around, 57% of the moon will be covered by Earth's penumbra. This is why it may not be worth waking up or staying up for if you've had a late Friday night. The total Solar Eclipse can only be seen from a small area on the Earth.\n\nAirPods Are Already on Major Sale\nAnother change might be a new wireless chip that may improve efficiency and increase battery life. The Apple Watch Series 3 is now the most affordable way to enjoy the benefits of an Apple Watch.\n\nIf not visible from a place, it is to note that there are multiple live streamings of the Strawberry Moon eclipse to take place. It will reach its peak at 5.24am (AEST).\n\nFantastic photos of full moon tonight in Johannesburg.\n\nWatch the Teaser Trailer for Netflix's 'We Can Be Heroes' Now!\nHere we see Logan actor Boyd Holbrook as an unnamed Heroic member being captured by what appears to be a giant robot. It's nearly the exact plot outline as Rodriguez's Spy Kids , but now with kid superheroes instead of kid spies.\n\nHow can I photograph the Strawberry Moon?\n\nMoon watchers in India will be able to watch the full moon with their naked eyes unless the sky is too cloudy. Alternatively, you can use your smartphone camera and place it to the eyepiece of a telescope.\n\nLatest News", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.576085090637207}
{"content": "The Gardens with pool\n\nThe 1 ¼ acre (5000sqm) garden is wonderfully laid out with indigenous plants and trees and benefits from the extensive panoramic views of the mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. The heated, 10m x 5m infinity pool with its 147sqm of decking, 12 sun loungers and thatched umbrellas is the perfect place to relax or party and enjoy the evening sunset over the ocean.\n\nThere is a large (200sqm) flat lawn sufficient to erect a marquee to accommodate up to 80 seated guests + dance floor; there is a separate Boma that can be utilised for wedding ceremonies and parties making Crofters a special wedding or party venue.\n\nThe rear garden benefits from a morning sun terrace covered in bougainvilleas and provides the ideal location for an 'al fresco' breakfast.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9113143086433411}
{"content": "Just what Romantic Relationship?\n\nA romantic marriage can be described as an emotional or perhaps spiritual connection between a large amount of, either a man and female or a number of people who are near each other in some manner. Though a romantic relationship may possibly involve physical intimacy, it is also an mental or religious connection among two people. While some people prefer the term ‘romantic’ because they believe it has an natural meaning, it is the meaning that persons use that is certainly important. The definition of can refer to a long-term and committed relationship.\n\nRomantic interactions are often established through personal and specialist bonds. In certain cultures, a person is considered to obtain had a great relationship when ever their father and mother were married when they hitched their spouses. In other civilizations, a person is thought to have had an excellent relationship using their parents if perhaps they were brought up together.\n\nMany people have a loving relationship using their spouse. Most of relationships will be more than a person years in length. A lot of romantic relationships last for quite some time, but not generally. If your relationship has survived over a 365 days without changing, then you perhaps are within a good standing. There are many rewards to having a relationship.\n\nIf you are having a dating, you have to keep your relationship with your spouse alive and vibrant, in order that you are able to continue living a cheerful and healthier life in concert. If the relationship stops developing, it could affect the other people involved in the relationship. Loving relationships usually involve psychological bonds and are for that reason good for individuals with emotional difficulties.\n\nTo keep your romance alive and vibrant, you have to find a good psychological support out of your partner. You might find your partner to get supportive of the feelings, in the event they understand what your intentions will be. However , in cases where they do not, they have to at least try to know what is going on. It may be that they can do not understand fully what is going on, however they can be supportive by letting you through complicated times, encouraging you to do things you will probably have previously thought you could certainly not afford, such as taking a break from your do the job and heading out together.\n\nA romantic relationship can be a great way to convey your feelings and emotions without risking rejection. If you are in a relationship, you could feel a little rejected when you are asked to talk about your feelings can be hurt. Nevertheless , this does not indicate you have to be uncomfortable or ashamed. If you are sense hurt, request your partner if you can quit sharing your emotions and try browse around this site to comprehend them. if you think that the problem is not working out and you are no longer comfortable sharing your emotions with your spouse, you can look for help.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.995797872543335}
{"content": "what does hardy annual mean\n\nAnnual plants are thus those that last for a portion of but a single year (even in their native climates). What Do Hardiness Zones Mean? What does \"a dramatic annual shrub\" mean? 6 Jun, 2012; Answers. Gardening books, magazines and plant labels refer to plants as \"Hardy\" or \"Frost hardy\" with a rating, which until recently, was a fairly basic indication of the degree of cold and frost the plant or shrub would withstand during the winter. In accounting, revenue is the income that a business has from its normal business activities, usually from the sale of goods and services to customers. A plant that completes its entire life cycle (growth, reproduction, death) in one season. The USDA plant hardiness map is created and updated every few years by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dry soils are more likely to help a half hardy perennial than a wet soil. In reality, a biennial is in between an annual and a perennial because biennials will exist for two years and die. Castor bean is a dramatic annual or tender perennial shrub with deeply lobed leaves, prickly seedpods, and large, speckled seeds. A second annual event is the first time an event has occurred two years in a row. What does Frost Hardy Mean and why does it matter? The boardwalk now finishes off a new planting area that I am really excited about. The terms “hardy” and “annual” might seem mutually exclusive, but they are not. The term “tender” is usually used in reference to perennial plants. The term biennial is in reference to the plant’s longevity. Hardy Perennials. Annual plants live just one growing season, performing their entire life cycle, from seed to flower, in this short period of time. A hardy annual is one that will finish out its full lifecyle, and not be killed by frost.\" They are distinct from annual plants which will only live for one year. Perennial A perennial is a plant that has a life cycle of more than 2 years. Hardiness of plants describes their ability to survive adverse growing conditions. Here is what you need to know about biennials: The Lifecycle of a Biennial. Capable of withstanding outdoor winter temperatures down to -15C. The common definition of an annual is a plant which is sown from seed, grows, flowers and sets seed within the space of a season. Revenue is also referred to as sales or turnover. Hardiness is genetic. It will be of no surprise to you to know, if it does… don’t put ’em out. In the southern portion of the United States, these plants tend to grow much quicker than in the north due to the warmer weather and extended growing season. When you see “Zones 3-7” on a plant tag, what does it mean? Hardiness of plants is defined by their native extent's geographic location: longitude, latitude and elevation. Hardy annual. Perennial plants have something extra: that \"per\" in their name. Perhaps you learned this the hard way when a favorite shrub or flower didn't make it through the winter. This annual Chrysanthemum ‘Rainbow Hippy Lovechild’ is available in the discounted bundle. Half-hardy usually means it can survive temperatures between 10 and 20 degrees. In botany, an annual is a plant that lives out its entire life cycle in a single growing season. Hardy biennial. They will not survive frost and must be brought indoors during the winter, for example, pelargonium, fuchsia, and heliotrope. Definition - What does Hardy Annual mean? Aftercare of half hardy seedlings. Many people invest in biennials and don’t know what they’re getting. By Dr. Leonard Perry, Extension Professor University of Vermont Not all plants are hardy in Vermont. Annual flowers can be divided in to hardy annuals and half-hardy annuals. Half-hardy perennials are tender perennials. What does hardy annual flower mean? The root in both words, \"annual\" and \"perennial\" (that is, per-annual) is the Latin word for \"year,\" annus. How to overwinter half-hardy perennials in the UK The great British weather can be a real blessing for gardeners and our maritime climate lets us grow plants from around the world. The lower the number is, the lower the temperatures in that zone. The following year, dormant seeds from the original plant will germinate and create the … Drc726 . My understanding of Biennial plants is a plant that has a 2 year cycle, sow one year to flower the next. Individual microclimates and good free-draining soil can make an enormous difference to their ability to survive the winter. Tender Perennials vs. Half-Hardy Perennials. Simply put, annual plants die in the winter season. These plants are often low-maintenance in other regards, as well, tolerating drought, heat and neglect during the summer. But 'bedding' is usually taken to mean those half-hardy annuals or half-hardy perennials planted out to make a splash of colour in the summer. Hardy definition is - bold, brave. Easily grown from seed, a vast choice of hardy annuals is available to offer long-lasting flowers during the warmer months. How to use hardy in a sentence. Find out how to sow half-hardy annual seeds. Read on to find out. Hardy means the perennial can take a full freeze (sometimes well below zero) and it'll still come back. Your intention to repeat the event does not make it annual as it has not yet OCCURRED for more than one year, regardless of intention. Much like my hardy annuals, I plant out at 25cm apart and water in really well. It is usually limited to discussions of climatic adversity. Technically, and in most cases, an annual is a plant that germinates, flowers and dies within the period of one annual growth cycle. Annual and perennial is fairly self explanatory, but what does biennial mean? This is the “hardiness zone,” developed by Harvard’s Arnold Arboretum in Massachusetts and the USDA, who put together guidelines to give gardeners an idea of how well their plants would survive the winter cold. Annual plants are those whose life cycle lasts one year, and these plants are typically propagated by seed. Hardy perennial definition: a plant that lasts three seasons or more and that can withstand freezing temperatures | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples This year, we thought we would make it easier for everyone and post an explanation of what perennial, annual, biennial, hardy, half-hardy and tender mean. Half hardy perennials are used extensively for bedding plants in the UK, and include plants such as Pelargoniums or geraniums as are known. What Does Biennial Mean? Hardy annual definition: a plant that can withstand freezing temperatures and which completes its life cycle... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Perennial or Annual. Half Hardy Bedding Plants. Hardy annuals: sowing in spring. What do these terms mean, and why should you care? See more. Many beginner and average gardeners have never heard of the term “zone hardiness,” or if they have, they have no idea what it means. Dot single plants as accents through your borders, or plant generous drifts between perennials, providing a contrast of foliage and colour. What does \"cold hardy\" really mean??? Thus a plant's ability to tolerate cold, heat, drought, flooding, or wind are typically considered measurements of hardiness. An annual plant is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then dies.The length of growing seasons and period in which they take place vary according to geographical location, and may not correspond to … You see the words annual and perennial on plant tags and in garden books. Many perennials are hardy to at least zone 4, meaning they survive harsh winters to come back year after year. You cannot have a first annual event in the present or the future, unless you are a time traveling time traveler. Annual/Perennial - A plant can behave as an annual or a perennial depending on local climatic and geographic growing conditions. what does hardy biennials mean. Annual definition, of, for, or pertaining to a year; yearly: annual salary. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has divided North America into 13 different hardiness zones based on temperature and climate. Here’s a rundown of annual versus perennial. Each zone represents ten degrees of temperature difference. 2) \"First, let's make a differentiation between annual and perennial. A plant that completes its entire life cycle in two years, growing in the first … Hardy describes a more robust plant that may make it through harsher conditions, such as cold weather. The … After the growing season all parts of the plant will die, leaving only seeds. You only plant them once. So what are biennial plants? PLANT HARDINESS: WHAT DOES IT MEAN? #YoureWelcome ;) Hardy annuals are perhaps the easiest of all the flowers you can grow for your cutting patch. They plant it, expect it to bloom and become frustrated when it does nothing. A hardy annual is just a plant that only lives for a single year, but is hardy enough to hold up to exposure to frost. So Frenchy and I are remodeling our backyard and got part of the new deck, the boardwalk, actually, put in recently. Prick out seedlings into pots or multi-cell trays and grow them on into sturdy plants, ready to drop into border gaps. There are other sub divisions, but we’ll keep it simple for now. It divides North America into eleven zones by minimum average annual temperatures. These fast-growing plants provide an easy and cost-effective way to give naturalistic planting, plug gaps and fill the border with a summer full of colour. I had a disaster last year, if you’re feeling like having a snigger at my misfortune then please click on FROST DISASTER! You must replant them every year. Half-hardy annual definition is - a plant that may endure a few degrees of frost but is killed at lower temperatures (as China aster or zinnia). Perennials are plants that live for three years or longer, categorized as either woody perennials or herbaceous perennials. I can understand that \"tender perennial shrub\" means \"live for many years, that is not winter hardy\", but I don't know the meaning of \"dramatic\" in the above sentence. Depending on your zone, you want to shop for perennials that are hardy to your coldest winter nights. This does not mean that they are any less beautiful than anything more challenging. Perennials come back every year. Definition - What does Annual mean?\n\nHammer Museum Projects, 3 Point Bore Gauge, White Faced Plywood, Senior Accountant Job Description, Best Strings For Short Scale Acoustic Guitar, Makita Outdoor Combo, Lumina Lighting Uk,\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.954364001750946}
{"content": "Source: Cushing test flagged for hCG\n\nHOUSTON The AP will also revote for All-Pro outside linebacker, where Cushing initially received five votes and was named to the second team.\n\nCushing is still among the nominees in the revote. All ballots in the revote are due by early Wednesday afternoon.\n\nCushing has been suspended for the first four games in 2010 for violating the league's anti-doping policy. He was tested last September, league sources told ESPN NFL Insider Adam Schefter.\n\nAfter being alerted of the positive test, Cushing was tested randomly numerous times throughout the season and never tested positive again, a source familiar with the case told Schefter.\n\nCushing said he took the substance during September, the first month of the 2009 schedule. Although Cushing said his positive test was not for a steroid-related substance, the positive test was for something that was considered performance enhancing. Cushing appealed the decision and lost that appeal.\n\nCushing's test was positive for slightly elevated levels of hCG, the source familiar with the case told Schefter. The level that he tested positive for was so low that it would not have been considered a positive test even a year ago.\n\nhCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a banned substance that is widely used to stimulate the body's testosterone production after an athlete uses anabolic steroids.\n\nIf a player has a medical need for it he can request a therapeutic use exemption, but if he had an exemption, Cushing wouldn't have been suspended.\n\nOne person familiar with testing procedures told Schefter that hCG is contained in seminal fluid and that slightly elevated levels can be discovered in the event that a test occurs soon after ejaculation.\n\nCushing took and passed a lie-detector test to prove he was not guilty of taking a performance-enhancing drug, but his four-game suspension still stands, a league source told Schefter.\n\nCushing was a runaway winner for the rookie award in balloting by a nationwide panel of 50 sportswriters and broadcasters who cover the league. He received 39 votes, easily beating Buffalo safety Jairus Byrd, who had six.\n\n\"This is the first time we've encountered an issue like this,\" said Lou Ferrara, AP's managing editor for sports and entertainment. \"Because these awards are based on on-field performance, we consider it necessary to review the matter and allow for a revote, especially after concerns were raised by many of our voters.\"\n\nHouston Chronicle columnist John McClain wrote Tuesday that he voted for Cushing to win the award again.\n\n\"Why? Because a lot of players have won AP awards after being suspended,\" he wrote.\n\nTexans owner Robert McNair on Monday criticized the suspension and appeal process that he said doesn't provide enough information to the team.\n\n\"The club is left completely out of the loop on that,\" McNair said. \"We're not even notified, it's the league and the player and the players' union. All we know is what's been announced at this point in time.\"\n\nMcNair said Monday that the Texans were aware that Cushing had \"an issue\" with the NFL last season but didn't know the details.\n\n\"Brian had mentioned that he had an issue there, but we don't know what any of the details are, we don't know what doctors he may have consulted with, we don't know what evidence that the league might have had ... which is a very bad position to be in because we're the guy that's got the investment in the player. The league doesn't have any money invested in the player, the union doesn't have any money invested in the player, and yet they get the information and we don't.\n\n\"So it's a sensitive area because it is sort of like medical information and there's confidentiality and this sort of thing. But I think it's something that needs to be addressed in the next collective bargaining agreement.\"\n\nThe NFL did not immediately comment on McNair's statement.\n\nAlthough he is suspended for the Texans' first four games (Houston's opponents: Indianapolis, Washington, Dallas and Oakland), Cushing can participate in preseason practices and games.\n\nCushing will not be eligible for next season's Pro Bowl -- he made the AFC team last January, but did not play, citing several injuries -- or any NFL-sponsored awards.\n\n\"In the year a player is notified of and serves his suspension, he is ineligible for selection to the Pro Bowl or to receive any other honors or awards from the league or the NFL Players Association,\" NFL spokesman Michael Signora said Monday.\n\nThat includes player of the week and player of the month awards, the Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award and the Super Bowl most valuable player award.\n\nCushing, the 15th overall pick in last year's draft out of Southern California, had 133 tackles in 2009. The Texans finished 9-7 last season for their first winning record thanks in part to the improvement of a young defense that features Cushing, star middle linebacker DeMeco Ryans and 2006 top overall pick Mario Williams.\n\nVeteran Kevin Bentley, who appeared in each game for Houston last season but never started, is Cushing's backup at outside linebacker.\n\nHowever, the Texans are likely to cover for Cushing's absence by moving Zac Diles into Cushing's spot and inserting Xavier Adibi into the spot vacated by Diles.\n\nCushing was hounded by rumors of performance-enhancing drug use before he became a pro, but the Texans were undeterred. They said then they found no truth to those rumors in their draft preparations.\n\n\"Brian, what he has said, is he's been taking the same supplements ... for the last 10 or 15 years and he's been checked umpteen times and it hadn't shown up to be any kind of problem,\" McNair said. \"So what happened, I don't know. He doesn't know at this point in time.\n\n\"The fact [is] that he didn't think he would get the suspension, but that's the way it is at this point in time and we accept it and we need to move on.\"\n\nCushing's case differs from San Diego's Shawne Merriman, who won the 2005 defensive rookie award, then tested positive in the 2006 offseason for steroids contained in a supplement. Carolina's Julius Peppers won the 2002 award even though he had already been suspended for the final four games of the season for violating the league's drug policy -- he used a dietary supplement that contained a banned substance.\n\nInformation from ESPN NFL Insider Adam Schefter, ESPN's T.J. Quinn,'s Paul Kuharsky and The Associated Press was used in this report.\n\nCopyright © 2021 KTRK-TV. All Rights Reserved.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7976925373077393}
{"content": "1015 15th Street, N.W.\nWashington, District of Columbia 20005\n\nHost: Hudson Institute. Since revelations of Iran’s nuclear intentions became public in 2002, the U.S. and its allies have remained focused on the question of what a nuclear Iran would mean for the Middle East. Given the monumental concerns derived from the prospect of a nuclear Iran, less attention has been paid to Iran’s two key proxies, Hamas and Hezballah. Both terrorist organizations have been instrumental in attempting to destabilize the Levant in the past few years, whether by undermining the democratically elected Lebanese government through violent tactics or by attacking Israel. The questions that emerge are: How does Iranian backing for these two groups relate to their recent actions in the region? Does it represent a greater Iranian strategy in the Levant? What do Iran, Hezballah, and Hamas ultimately hope to achieve? Can Hamas or Hezballah be expected to become moderate by coming to power? To address these and related questions, Hudson Institute’s Center for Middle East Policy, directed by Meyrav Wurmser, will host a conference featuring a series of panel discussions.\n\n\nAdded by insideronline on November 18, 2008\n\nInterested 1", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8670781850814819}
{"content": "Tuesday, March 20, 2018\n\nThe Distribution and Redistribution of US Income\n\nThe Congressional Budget Office has published the latest version of its occasional report on \"The Distribution of Household Income, 2014\" (March 2018). It's an OK place to start for a fact-based discussion of the subject. Here is one figure in particular that caught my eye.\n\nThe vertical axis of the figure is a Gini coefficient, which is a common way of summarizing the extent of inequality in a single number. A coefficient of 1 would mean that one person owned everything. A coefficient of zero would mean complete equality of incomes.\n\nIn this figure, the top line shows the Gini coefficient based on market income, rising over time.\n\nThe green line shows the Gini coefficient when social insurance benefits are included: Social Security, the value of Medicare benefits, unemployment insurance, and worker's compensation. Inequality is lower with such benefits taken into account, but still rising. It's worth remembering that almost all of this change is due to Social Security and Medicare, which is to say that it is a reduction in inequality because of benefits aimed at the elderly.\n\nThe dashed line then adds a reduction in inequality due to means-tested transfers. As the report notes, the largest of these programs are \"Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (measured as the average cost to the government of providing those benefits); the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly known as the Food Stamp program); and Supplemental Security Income.\" What many people think of as \"welfare,\" which used to be called Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) but for some years now has been called Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), is included here, but it's smaller than the programs just named. \n\nFinally, the bottom  purple line also includes the reduction in inequality due to federal taxes, which here includes not just income taxes, but also payroll taxes, corporate taxes, and excise taxes. \n\nA few thoughts: \n\n1) As the figure shows, the reduction in inequality for programs aimed at the elderly--Social Security and Medicare--is about as large as the total reduction in inequality due to all the reduction in inequality that happens from mean-tested spending and federal taxes. \n\n2) Moreover, a large share of the reduction in inequality shown in this figure is a result of \"in-kind' programs that do not put any cash in the pockets of low-income people. This is true of the health care programs, like Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program, as well as of the food stamp program. These programs do benefit people by covering a share of health care costs or helping buy food, but they don't help to pay for other costs like the rent, heat, or electricity.  \n\n3) Contrary to popular belief, federal taxes do help to reduce the level of inequality. This figure shows the average tax rate paid by those in different income groups. The calculation includes all federal taxes: income, payroll, corporate, and excise. It is the average amount paid out of total income, which includes both market income and Social Security benefits. \n\n4) Finally, to put some dollar values on the Gini coefficient numbers, here is the average income for each of these groups in 2014. (Remember, this includes both cash and in-kind payments from the government, and all the different federal taxes.)\nFigure 8.\nAverage Income After Transfers and Taxes, by Income Group, 2014\nThousands of Dollars  \nLowest Quintile 31,100\nSecond Quintile 44,500\nMiddle Quintile 62,300\nFourth Quintile 87,700\nHighest Quintile 207,300\n81st to 90th Percentiles 120,400\n91st to 95th Percentiles 159,100\n96th to 99th Percentiles 251,500\nTop 1 Percent 1,178,600\nSource: Congressional Budget Office.\n(I'm a long-standing fan of CBO reports. But n the shade of this closing parenthesis, I'll add in passing that the format of this report has changed, and I think it's a change for the worse. Previous versions had more tables, where you could run your eye down columns and across rows to see patterns. This figure is nearly all figures and bar charts. It's quite possible that I'm more in favor of seeing underlying numbers and tables than the average reader. And it's true that you can go to the CBO website and see the numbers behind each figure. But in this version of the report, it's harder (for me) to see some of the patterns that were compactly summarized in a few tables in previous reports, but are now spread out over figures and bar graphs on different pages.)", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5276572704315186}
{"content": "| 17 May 2021, Monday | النسخة العربية\n\nPresident Aoun greets workers on Labor day : I’ll stand with you to the end !\n\nThe President of the Republic Michel Aoun tweeted the following via his account:\n\n“I send my sincere greetings to the workers of Lebanon. You are the pillar of the promised revival, and your efforts and hard work will inevitably result in ending the suffocating crisis witnessed today.”\n\n“My priority today is to stand with you to the end, together we can implement reform and hold accountable those who are responsible for corruption. This is how you can enjoy your rights and your decent life again.”", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000088214874268}
{"content": "NVIDIA GameWorks Integration\n\n@WindyStrife - Did you find a workaround ?\n\nany person update hairworks in 4.24\n\nIf it doesn’t have to be HairWorks specifically, have you tried TressFX? TressFX Hair For Unreal [Release, Open Source] - Unreal Engine Forums\nI think their version is based on 4.23 atm.\n\nwe download branch and compile visual studio 2019 but error we try other branch 4.24 or 4.23 but visual studio 2019 every time error any idea\n\nI managed to build their TressFX integration but the engine is still a bit unstable and I think it has something to do with Tressfx shader and Planar Reflection activated, I’m still trying to figure it out. Visually, Hairworks still looks and performs better than TressFX on my rig. Hopefully someone will manage to port Hairworks to 4.23 or 4.24.\n\nI would be forever grateful! :smiley:\n\nI managed to successfully build their TressFX integration with Visual Studio 2017. Have you tried building it with this version? :slight_smile:\n\nhairworks look realistic\n\nhello everybody !! are there any updated on whether if and when we’ll see Gameworks in 4.23 ??\nI’m itchyyy\n\nIt would be great if someone WOuld be get HBAO, working on 4.24 too, iw as trying but i have Compile errors :I\n\nI think the most lack of hairworks is it seems doesn’t support tranceparent. TressFX has a soft look, it can run 90 FPS for 1 hair model in my GTX 1050 CARD.\nMaybe the new hair component in version 4.24 will have a wonderful solution.\n\n\n4.24 hairworks is the best IMO\n\nHi, is there any waveworks 4.24.1?\n\nHi everyone,\n\nFor our senior project, we requested a new version of WaveWorks. Therefore, we need to integrate the new version to one of the Unreal Engine versions.\nWe would like to know how to do it.\nCan someone walkthrough us?\n\nMany thanks,\nKaan Taha Koken\nMETU - Computer Engineering\n\nhelp me please, I did everything according to the instructions but when I open the page I get an error pops out help !!!\n\nDo you have a link to the TressFX integration used here?\n\nWhy ALL of the GitHub links is 404? Can someone actually post a 4.23.1???\n\nYou need to have your Epic and Github accounts linked to access private UE repo or it’s forks: Unreal Engine 4 on GitHub - Unreal Engine\n\nOlento. So 4.21 is still the most complete integration of Gameworks for Unreal that is fully functioning? I assume because of the rendering changes. Does Epic have something coming that might make the effort to get things like FLOW working in 4.23 or 24 a waste of time or something? Just curious before deciding to anchor a new project on 4.21. Thanks. Amazing contributions by the way.\n\nYes it’s basically the 4.22+ rendering changes that stalled this. I have Flow running on 4.22 but it doesn’t render anything unless you use it through cascade particles. Porting the actual flow sim to 4.24 is fairly trivial, but the flow’s own smoke rendering would still be broken.\n\nI don’t know if Epic is cooking anything in regards of the fluid sims (besides those Ryan Brucks experiments).\n\nHow with Niagara you can make a liquid (for example, in a barrel), as in NVIDIA FleX?\nOr in which branch is better to write this question?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.708340048789978}
{"content": "Sent to subscribers in May 2020\n\nAs I am writing this note, the global tsunami effect of the Coronavirus is shaking, affecting, or perhaps destroying public health, businesses, work life, and family reunions. COVID-19 news and the defense against the Coronavirus have become the central part of our daily preoccupations. The outbreak and spreading of the virus on a global scale present challenging issues to which a significant number of public and private entities appear to have been ill-prepared.\n\nWhile most of the updates to the chapters that are part of this Supplement #32 were written at a time when the threat and global effects of the virus in a particular country were not yet felt or anticipated, some of our contributors were living and working in difficult conditions under strict lockdown orders.\n\nSpecial thanks to Marissa Xiao Dong and Guo Jinghe (China) and Raffaele Zallone (Italy) for producing their country updates while their respective countries and healthcare systems were deeply shaken by the effect of the destructive contagion. They worked on their country updates during their respective “lockdown,” “confinement,” “self-isolation,” or “retrenchment” periods. Thank you for your team spirit and the gift of your time in such dramatic circumstances.\n\nThe seriousness and intensity of the attack on people’s health and the dramatic consequences for countries’ healthcare ecosystems have significant business and legal implications involving almost every possible area: advertising, admiralty, bankruptcy, children, commercial, contracts, education, employment, health, insurance, telecommunications, telemarketing, torts, trademarks, trade secrets, and much more.\n\nPrivacy and information security are among the legal and practical issues to take into account. Privacy is highly vulnerable in a time  when public health concerns may not be consistent with personal interest or civil liberties. Consider, for example, the civil rights concerns related to the collection of location data to track the path of the virus.\n\nMost existing privacy and data protection laws do not address, or only at the highest level, how to handle personal information in case of a major event. How much information should be disclosed when an employer faces the fact that one employee has been infected? Who should be provided with the information? When looking at the interests of the community, providing transparency and disclosing the details of the effect of the virus may help save lives. Collecting or sharing personal details that may allow tracking an individual’s whereabout might help identify useful information or trends that help fight against the spread of the virus but also opens the door to monitoring and surveillance and provides a means of encroaching on civil liberties, the future effect of which might not be stopped.\n\nSignificant security concerns are also at the forefront. The quarantine or isolation strategies require businesses and government agencies to send their personnel home to be shielded from contagion. While they help reduce the risk of infection, these strategies may put at risk the security shield that protects files and data. What level of security is provided to the confidential or strategic business records or the highly sensitive personal information that are now processed on a family computer, on the proverbial “kitchen table”? How is the security of the information preserved? What is the level of awareness of the potential risks to the confidentiality and security of all the contracts, reports, customer lists that are transferred among co-workers, or between a worker and the company’s headquarters where internal measures, physical and technical security might be lacking or deficient, and there is little experience or training on how to protect the company’s crown jewels, or those of its clients or customer?\n\nI hope that our next Supplement will be produced in less dramatic and concerning circumstances.\n\nKeep safe! Keep healthy!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.99973464012146}
{"content": "18 physics glossaries\n\nPhysics is a field full of mysteries and with its own lingo. To help you decipher it, we have put together a collection of glossaries covering a variety of terms and concepts.\n\nAlcyone Systems – Laws, rules, principles, effects, paradoxes, limits, constants, experiments, & thought-experiments in physics.\n\nLock Haven University – Physics can be confusing as it is, but this website has compiled a list of frequently misused or misunderstood physics terms and concepts, which you can browse alphabetically.\n\nNASA – An important field in physics is solar physics, and it has its own list of terms. Here is a glossary that focuses on that.\n\nIdaho State University – A list of radiation related terms and their definitions. Not that encompassing, but it contains the most commonly used ones.\n\nAnnenberg Learner – Amusement parks use physics to provide fun for their customers, and this is a glossary of physics terms with a focus on those used in the creation of amusement parks.\n\nNational Oceanic and Athmospheric Administration – We give you a glossary of solar – terrestrial physics terms and terminology.\n\nWikipedia – A collection of Wikipedia pages of physics terms, each of them with extensive explanations, data and cross-reference.\n\nInteractions.org – Browse through a list of definitions focused on particle physics, from ‘ab’ to ‘ZEUS’.\n\nAbout – Physics is the field where sometimes a common word can have a very specific interpretation. This physics dictionary provides useful definitions in exploring this subject.\n\nHands-on-Physics – A short list of terms and their definitions, on the subject of advanced mechanics.\n\nPhysics of the Universe – A glossary with brief definitions and explanations of some of the concepts, laws, theories and technical terms used when talking about the physics of the universe. Some entries have key words with connected pop-up windows.\n\nAQA – Designed as a resource for teachers, this is a glossary of terms related to measurements used in physics. 4 pages long and downloadable.\n\nKalyan City Life – If you’re looking for a crash course in physics, then here is a website dedicated to basic physics terminology for science students. It will also help linguists specialising in this field.\n\nCrain’s Petrophysical Handbook – A website dedicated to information on the laws of physics, in either of the two categories (classical physics and atomic physics), each with to the point explanations.\n\nRationalWiki – The six main terms that make the basis of quantum physics, explained.\n\nQuizlet – A list of quantum mechanics terms and terminology, each with a short definition which you can hear out loud at the click of a button.\n\nTufts Health Sciences Web Server – Ten downloadable pages of information on ultrasound physics and terminology, organised into categories.\n\nHorizon – From mechanics to nuclear physics, a glossary of the most common terms for each field of physics.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000098943710327}
{"content": "Quick Answer: What Is Difference Between MVP And MVC?\n\nWhy Mvvm is better than MVC iOS?\n\nJust like MVC, there are pros and cons to working with MVVM.\n\nDue to the decoupling of UI and business logic, the MVVM design pattern results in more flexible and easier-to-read classes..\n\nIs angular a MVC?\n\nIn a nutshell, angular 2 is a component based MVC framework. The components and directives are the controllers, the template (HTML) processed by Angular and the browser is the view, and if you don’t combine the model with the controller, you get a MVC pattern.\n\nWhat is MVP in Android with example?\n\nMVP is an architecture pattern that you can use to deal with some of the shortcomings of MVC, and is a good alternative architecture. It provides an easy way to think about the structure of your app. It provides modularity, testability and, in general, a more clean and maintainable codebase.\n\nWhat is MVC approach?\n\nMVC Pattern stands for Model-View-Controller Pattern. This pattern is used to separate application’s concerns. Model – Model represents an object or JAVA POJO carrying data. It can also have logic to update controller if its data changes.\n\nWhat is MVC and MVP?\n\nThe only difference of Presenter in MVP from the Controller in typical MVC is that it also decides what will happen when you interact with the View. That’s why it is easier to unit test it by mocking the View and Model. … MVP in Android is widely used design pattern as it is more testable and readable.\n\nWhat is difference between MVVM and MVP?\n\nIn MVP the View is actually your application while Presenter handles the app flow. In MVVM code classes (ViewModel) are the application, while the View is the interface allowing users to interact with the app.\n\nWhich architecture is best for Android?\n\nMVVM separates your view (i.e. Activity s and Fragment s) from your business logic. MVVM is enough for small projects, but when your codebase becomes huge, your ViewModel s start bloating. Separating responsibilities becomes hard. MVVM with Clean Architecture is pretty good in such cases.\n\nIs MVC a react?\n\nReact isn’t an MVC framework. React is a library for building composable user interfaces. It encourages the creation of reusable UI components which present data that changes over time.\n\nIs Mvvm better than MVC?\n\nThe view model then provides data from the model in a form that the view can easily use, as Microsoft states. The main difference between MVC and iOS MVVM is that MVVM’s distribution pattern is better than in the previously-listed MVC, but when compared to MVP it is also massively overloaded.\n\nDoes Android use MVC?\n\nMost Android developers use a common architecture called MVC, or Model-View-Controller. This pattern is classic, and you will find it in the majority of development projects. It’s not the only software pattern, but it’s the one we’ll study in this course and apply to our TopQuiz application.\n\nWhat is difference between MVP MVC Mvvm in Android?\n\nDifferences to MVP. MVVM uses data binding and is therefore a more event driven architecture. MVP typically has a one to one mapping between the presenter and the view, while MVVM can map many views to one view model In MVVM the view model has no reference to the view, while in MVP the view knows the presenter.\n\nWhat is MVC MVP and MVVM pattern?\n\nMVC, MVP, and MVVM are three most popular design patterns. … All these design patterns by and large help in developing applications that are loosely combined, easy to test and maintain. However, there’s a framework called MVVMCross that allows you to integrate MVVM design pattern to Android and iOS platforms.\n\nWhy is MVP better than Mvvm?\n\nThe advice hides rather in data-binding. In cases where binding with DataContext is not possible, most developers prefer MVP (Windows Forms being a great example). MVVM is of preference in cases where binding with DataContext is possible, as there are less interfaces and less code to maintain.\n\nWhat is MVP Android?\n\nMVP (Model View Presenter) pattern is a derivative from the well known MVC (Model View Controller), and one of the most popular patterns to organize the presentation layer in Android Applications.\n\nWhat is MVP design?\n\nModel–view–presenter (MVP) is a derivation of the model–view–controller (MVC) architectural pattern, and is used mostly for building user interfaces. In MVP, the presenter assumes the functionality of the “middle-man”. In MVP, all presentation logic is pushed to the presenter.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9983040690422058}
{"content": "Helping a child heal involves helping them be themselves. One of the best ways to foster this type of environment is to cultivate safety. The therapist knowing the playroom is safe is not enough; the child must know it too. This webinar explores what a neuroception of safety is and how to create it within the child and yourself.\n\nNeuroception of Safety in the Playroom Objectives:\n\n  • Discuss the different branches of the nervous system and their relationship with cultivating safety in the playroom\n  • Describe the importance of being “one foot in” and “one foot out” as a way to stay regulated in sessions\n  • Describe what a neuroception of safety is and the role of the therapist in helping create it in the playroom\n\nPlease click on the lesson below to watch the video, take the quiz, and print your certificate for credit.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5543708801269531}
{"content": "Quick Answer: Is Bending Down Bad When Pregnant?\n\nIs it safe to massage a pregnant belly?\n\n– Avoid massage of your belly.\n\nFirm massage of your pregnant belly could cause problems.\n\nLeave the tummy rubbing to a gentle partner.\n\n– Avoid massage of your feet, ankles, and hands between the thumb and next finger..\n\nWhat happens if you accidentally sleep on your back while pregnant?\n\nHowever, sleeping on your back is not recommended as it causes your abdomen to rest on your intestines and some major blood vessels. Pressure from the abdomen can cause a variety of health problems, the most serious of which is a lack of blood flow to mom and baby.\n\nIs it bad to sit all day while pregnant?\n\n\nCan I hurt my baby by sleeping on my right side?\n\n\nIs it OK to sleep on my right side while pregnant?\n\n\nCan missionary hurt the baby?\n\n\nCan I breastfeed my husband during pregnancy?\n\n\nWhy shouldn’t you cross your legs when pregnant?\n\nThat said, muscles strains, backaches, and cramps are all common during pregnancy. While sitting with your legs crossed won’t hurt your baby, it may contribute to ankle swelling or leg cramps. If you find your ankles swelling or your legs cramping, try sitting with both feet on the floor or elevated on a stool.\n\nWhat are some bad signs during pregnancy?\n\nWarning Signs During Pregnancybleeding or leaking fluid from the vagina.blurry or impaired vision.unusual or severe abdominal pain or backaches.frequent, severe or continuous headaches not relieved with Tylenol.contractions before 37 weeks; more than six contractions an hour that last more than one hour.decrease in the baby’s movements.dizziness.More items…\n\nDoes sitting position affect baby?\n\nAvoid slouched sitting – even though it may feel comfortable for a while but consistent slouching can stress the already sensitised muscles during pregnancy & increase the risk of aches & pains. While sitting, take care that the back is straight and well supported with knees bent & touching the floor.\n\nCan I squish my baby by sleeping on my stomach?\n\n\nCan I breastfeed my husband in Islam?\n\n\nCan I breastfeed my husband without being pregnant?\n\n\nCan I breastfeed my husband after delivery?\n\n\nWhat does it feel like to have a baby inside of you?\n\n\nWhat if I accidentally slept on my stomach while pregnant?\n\n\nWhich fruits should avoid during pregnancy?\n\n\nHow can I bend during pregnancy?\n\nTo lift correctly, bend at your knees — not at your waist. Keep your back as straight as possible. Use your leg muscles to stand, keeping the object close to your body. As your pregnancy progresses, everyday activities such as sitting and standing can become uncomfortable.\n\nWhy does it hurt to bend when pregnant?\n\nThe round ligaments are located on either side of the uterus and connect the uterus to the groin. During pregnancy, the ligaments stretch as the uterus grows, which can cause the sharp pain. This pain commonly occurs with changes in position, such as sitting to standing or bending down.\n\nCan I hurt my baby by pressing on my stomach?\n\n\nWhat month should a pregnant woman stop working?\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5789135694503784}
{"content": "What Is The Goddess Of Nature?\n\nIs there a Greek goddess of nature?\n\n\nTitaness and goddess of nature.\n\nDaughter of the earth goddess Gaia and the sky god Uranus, and known as “the mother of gods”..\n\nWho is the strongest goddess?\n\n\nWho is the goddess of fire?\n\nHestiaGreek mythology Hestia, goddess of the hearth and its fires.\n\nWho is the ugliest god in Greek mythology?\n\n\nIs there a female god of war?\n\nEnyo has been written about as a companion of Ares, God of War, though she is also called his sister, his wife, and sometimes his mother. Well, the Olympian Gods did tend to marry their siblings. Anyway, since November is Warrior Woman Month, we’re going to give you a rundown on Enyo, Goddess of War.\n\nWho is the beautiful goddess of nature?\n\nArtemisArtemis is the Greek goddess of nature, the hunt, the dark, the light, the moon, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity, fertility, young girls, and health and plague in women and childhood.\n\nWhat religion has a female god?\n\n\nWho is the god of wood?\n\nSilvanus | Roman god | Britannica.\n\nWhat is the name of a female god?\n\ngoddessA goddess is a female deity.\n\nWho are the 12 Greek goddesses?\n\n\nWho was the kindest goddess?\n\n\nWho is the Greek god or goddess of nature?\n\n\nWho is the strongest female goddess?\n\nHere is a list of the top 10 ancient Greek goddesses:Nemesis. … Leto. … Rhea. … Aphrodite. … Demeter. … Artemis. … Hera. Also known as the goddess of marriage and birth, Hera was the wife of Zeus and by extension, also the queen of all gods. … Athena. At the top of the list comes the goddess of wisdom, reasoning, and intelligence – Athena.More items…•\n\nWhat are nature spirits called?\n\ndevasThe concept of devas as nature spirits was further developed in the writings of Theosophist Geoffrey Hodson. It is believed that there are numerous different types of devas with a population in the millions performing different functions on Earth to help the ecology function better.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 1.0000100135803223}
{"content": "Coronavirus Needs To Cleanse Us\n\nThis is a disaster, right? Yes, right. But also, stop. We have an opportunity here to rise from a disaster to create a new norm.\n\nWe can rebuild from this in a way we didn’t now we were needing to rebuild. We can look inside ourselves and learn what we didn’t know we were needing to learn. We can arise out of this in a glorious way we didn’t know we were needing to rise.\n\nWe can spend our time in valuable ways that will bring new meaning to our lives after we exit this. We can:\n\n  • Reflect. Take account of our life, of our relationships, of the state of the world, of who we are and how we are and why we are. Evaluate our purpose and how we feel, re-ground in our body and in our intentions.\n  • Create New Habits. Take on habits that can create meaning in the here and now for us, but that can also be implemented in our life when we get out of this. For example, we can to a brief five minute meditation everyday or invest in learning an applicable skill that will help us and also perhaps help others. We can learn how to cook healthy dishes or hone that home workout routine.\n  • Heal Wounds. Time heals wounds, but wisdom can assist that healing. We can take this time to learn about our self healing journey through accessible books, courses and podcasts online. We can use this time to seek help and to be truthful with where our well-being is at, where we would like it to be and what we can do to get there.\n  • Research the Possible. What have you been missing in your life that you have told yourself you can’t have? What have you become passive to and what have you blamed that state of passivity on? Now is the time to invest in new opportunities and research how you can go about achieving what you want. Do a deep dive on the internet or talk to people you wouldn’t have otherwise talked to. Now is the time to research the possible.\n  • Pursue New Starts. In the pause we can use excess time on our hands to pursue that which we have put on hold again and again and again. Or, we can use our research to pursue an option we didn’t know was available. This time can spring opportunities that we didn’t even know we had the option to pursue.\n\nThis list can be complemented by your own exploration. If we use this time in a meaningful way we can rise out of this disaster stronger, smarter and more resilient.\n\nPlease drop me a line with any of your own inventive solutions during this time. How are you investing in yourself and your future? \n\nStay safe and prosper.\n\nSpeaking Your Feelings to Relative Strangers\n\nYou want to be your true authentic self. You fight to be true to you every second of every day, and to those that tell you not to – well, pardon my French, but f**k them. Right?\n\nOkay, sure. I get you. I’ve been there over and over again myself. And yeah, it can feel good to tell someone off like you are some King Kong yourself standing your ground banging your chest. But, after the rise, what is the fall? What do you suffer? Did it really help you?\n\nSo when it comes to telling off people you don’t know intimately here are some questions I’d try asking yourself first. When you’ve asked these questions take a step back and re-evaluate them later before deciding to take it to that person.\n\n\n1. What do I achieve from saying this? What do I tangibly get by saying something to them versus going within myself and dealing with what the turmoil is?\n\n2. How well do I know this person and how they might respond? How could the spectrum of possible responses effect me?\n\n3. Who is this person to me? Beyond human nature, is there a reason their response or validation is important to me? Why am I putting so much of my energy on this interchange?\n\n4. Why did this happen? What did it spark in me and why might it have sparked that in me? Might I be reading into the situation?\n\n5. How might I feel about the situation if I focused my energy on something else for just a few hours?\n\n6. Has this happened before? Many times? With other people? Other relative strangers? What happened in those situations? What was the outcome?\n\nIf you answer these questions and come to the decision to say something then the next set of questions would be: if I’m going to say it, how am I going to say it? How can I hedge my bets to achieve results versus damage?\n\nIf you’ve been in this situation before, let me know. I’d love to hear how you handled it and what your outcome was.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5051238536834717}
{"content": "In the process of engineering investigation of rock mass, it is of great significance to obtain precise rock structural surface properties for rational design of the project and prevention of geological disasters during construction. A new three-dimensional topological feature description method for the rock face was proposed. This method is based on the circular structural profile line observed in the borehole and digital borehole camera technology application in three-dimensional topographical feature of the rock structure plane. This paper is based on the borehole wall plane development graph as the basic data, the basic information such as the occurrence of rock structural planes on the borehole wall is analyzed, and the structural surface section lines extracted from the borehole plane development diagram of the digital image processing technology are used. According to the three-dimensional information feature of the profile line on the structural wall of the hole wall, the profile feature parameters of the profile lines in each direction are calculated, and the structural surface is formed by referring to the correspondence between the profile feature parameters and the structural surface roughness coefficient (JRC). Then the roughness coefficient rose diagram is made to describe the three-dimensional roughness of the rock structure surface.\n\n\nIn recent years, China has gradually attached importance to the use of underground space in cities and the exploration and development of deep resources. Many major projects have gradually been put on the agenda, and engineering safety issues have also increased. The use of test technology by engineering designers to obtain precise and accurate engineering properties of deep rock masses is of great significance to the rational design of the project and the prevention of geological disasters during construction.\n\nThe study of rock structural planes is the basic work of analyzing the engineering properties of rock masses. Numerous studies and experiments have shown that the mechanical properties of the rock face are not only related to the characteristics of the wall rock and the combined state of the face, but also affected by the surface morphology of the face.\n\nFor a hard structural surface with a small degree of filling, the surface morphology of the structural surface is the main influencing factor controlling the mechanical properties of the structural surface (Gao et al.,2010). However, obtaining information on deep rock structural planes by drilling and coring has many limitations. First, during the core drilling process, due to the rotational displacement of the core, the exact information of the rock structural plane is destroyed. Secondly, the disturbances such as high-speed rotation of the drill bit and the circulation of the drilling fluid in the coring tube generate a structural plane on the core affect the determination of structural surface closure (openness) and structural surface filling. It can be seen that using core data as a source of rock structural plane information is not accurate enough. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an in-situ measurement technique to directly measure the structural plane of the hole wall of the drilled hole and obtain the surface morphology information of structural plane on the hole wall.\n\nThis content is only available via PDF.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9950892925262451}
{"content": "Updated date:\n\nHidden Talents and How to Become an Expert Using a Personality Test\n\n\nMichelle Vedros has 1 1/2 years left to be an RN at charity school of nursing. She has studied self help subjects for 25 years.\n\nDeveloping Expertise using Isabel Myers' MBTI Test, and the Myers Example of What Makes Expertise\n\nMany scholars argue that efficient practice is the answer to obtaining expertise. However, besides practice, Isabel Briggs Myers (1897-1980), a successful, psychological type theorist, use mentorship, interest, and innate talent to develop her expertise. (Marselle, A Correlational Study 11). Type theory is the analysis and study of all the possible personality types of people. I will give examples of how Myers' life reflect expertise with the majority of this paper emphasizing the importance of personality. In addition, I will show evidence to support this argument about personality's importance with a test developed by Myers. More specifically, through Myer's competence in personality type, she pinpoints what natural abilities a person has through the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality test (The Myers & Briggs). More over, this paper will not be complete without mentioning the opinions of other scholars.\n\nCoyle's and Erickson's Arguments\n\nThrough researching, one can see that many scholars' focus is on the argument that efficient practice creates mastery. Isabel Myer's success shows this argument is true, because she practiced researching for forty years. For instance, she enhances Coyle's theory of \"deep practice\" in the Talent Code (16). In this book, he explains how soccer players become talented through efficient practice. However, he argues against innate talent (19). In addition, he does not emphasize how important their coaches' and families' inspiration are (Coyle 13-16). Erickson states in the article of the Harvard Business Review, “The Making of an Expert”, that effective practice creates an expert, but, like Coyle, fails to include mentorship, interest, and personality in his investigations (1). Isabel Myers has shown the importance of these factors through her life experiences and research.\n\nThe History of Isabel Myers and the MBTI\n\nIn the early 1900s, Katharine Briggs and daughter, Isabel Myers, became interested in people watching. Then, Briggs became fascinated in type theory after reading Psychological type, first published in 1921 by a well-known psychologist and mentor, Carl Jung. At the time of World War II, where women were forced to take soldier's jobs, Katharine Briggs noticed many women disliked their jobs and did not perform them well. Coincidently, Isabel Myers, took interest in her mother's endeavors at a young age which shows the power of inspiration and interest (Thomson x). Then, Myers cleverly formed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to help these working women find jobs that fit them better. She also made this test to bring peace and understanding between people at a time of war. Myer's role model was her father, a research physicist, who showed her the value and knowledge of research proving the importance of mentorship (Marselle, Become Who 1).\n\nThe Uses of the MBTI\n\nThe test is a huge questionnaire that discovers a person's character type, and has many uses. There are 16 types of personality possibilities. This test guides people to choose careers they will be better at, and choose relationships that have a better chance of success. In addition, it helps a person to understand other people of different types, to understand oneself, to manage different personality types, to sell to different personality types, and to grow as a person. It also shows a person's weaknesses and strengths (The Myers & Briggs).\n\nSome of the Achievements of Isabel Myers and the Myers-Briggs Personality Test\n\nThe Myers-Briggs personality test is a very popular test used today making Myers' expertise a success. After being rejected, she finally received her doctorate award in 2001 twenty years after her death. (Kroeger, Otto, and Tuesen Foreword). In addition, the Myers-Briggs indicator has a journal called the Journal of Psychological Types and, Myers' success affords her a library with countless books, articles, essays, journals, and videos. Another establishment came when an MBTI research organization called the Center for the Applications of Psychological Type (CAPT) was created (Marselle, A Correlational Study 12). Myer's expertise obtained great results since, the MBTI test is utilized in countless business organizations, schools, and colleges (Thomson Foreword).\n\n16 Types of Personalities Using the MBTI\n\nOWLHAVEN.NET BY Mary Ostyn 11/25/14\n\nOWLHAVEN.NET BY Mary Ostyn 11/25/14\n\nExplanation of the four Dichotomies of the Personality and Carl Jung's Research\n\nCarl Jung's theory establishes three parts to every person's personality. Each part plays a tug-of-war between two forces pulling in opposite directions. The first part of the personality becomes one of two polar opposites, which is introversion verses extroversion. Extroverts love socializing and introverts enjoy more time alone. Jung states that everyone has both sides in them but prefers to use one to the other. According to Jung, the second dichotomy of the personality is a function that is used when gathering information called intuition (gut feeling/theory/ideas) verses sensing (concrete information). The third part of the personality used when making decisions is thinking (logic) verses feeling (values). Isabel Myers created the MBTI personality test from these theories of Carl Jung. However, she made the test easier for nonprofessionals to understand. More importantly, she added the 4th part of the personality, which is perceiving verses judging. The perceiver values freedom and leaving his/her options open. He/she does not like routine or structure. Whereas the judging type would rather make decisions, and follow structure. (qtd. in Marselle, A Correlational Study 8-11). These descriptions are just the tip of the iceberg.\n\nExamples of How the Four Letters Work Together as a Whole\n\nHow can this information be helpful in deciding on a career? When all four parts of the personality is combined, it tells a lot about that person's capabilities. For example, an ISTJ (introverted, sensing, thinking, judging) would be better at accounting jobs, because this type of personality is naturally detail oriented, logical, conservative, and introverted. Ironically, Isabel Myer's personality type is INFP (introverted, intuitive, feeling, and perceiving). A person with this type of personality loves looking at possibilities and potential in people (Marselle, Become Who 1). Therefore, Myers is a perfect example of how one's nature plays a role in expertise since her interest and abilities coincide with her personality type (INFP).\n\nConclusion of Expertise and Inborn Talent\n\nBy looking at the life of Isabel Myers, one can see a great example of how to become an expert. Although deep practice is a component in expertise, mentorship, interest, and personality are ingredients also. Many scholars argue that expertise is made and not born, but this case study shows that it is both. In addition, by taking the MBTI, a person can make a better choice of career to begin with. This test can save a lot of time and stress. It will be interesting to see where the next person will take her research.\n\n© 2014 mav04\n\nRelated Articles", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9873842597007751}
{"content": "How to Use Yoga for Anxiety and Depression\n\nOctober 06, 2020 5 min read\n\nWoman on yoga mat meditating\n\nYoga is an ancient healing method that people have used for thousands of years. While modern yoga is often associated with physical fitness, it was originally intended as a mental relaxation technique to still the mind before meditation.\n\nYoga remains an effective form of therapy for promoting a calm state of mind. In fact, a growing body of research shows how the positive mental benefits of yoga make it an effective treatment for anxiety disorders and clinical depression.\n\nIn the final installment of our four-part series on the healing benefits of yoga, we uncover the science-backed benefits of yoga for anxiety — and how to start your own practice.\n\nWhat is anxiety?\n\nAnxiety is a natural response to fear and perceived environmental threats. In some instances, where danger is near, anxious thoughts and feelings help keep you alert so you can quickly escape from harm’s way. When anxious thoughts and feelings interfere with daily functioning in someone’s life, it signifies the presence of an anxiety disorder(1).\n\nPeople with anxiety disorders are in a constant flight-or-fight state. This means that the body is constantly responding to anticipated danger with a surge of adrenaline — the chemical meant to help your body flee threatening situations quickly (or stay and fight)(2).\n\nAdrenaline causes a number of bodily responses, including:\n\n  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure\n  • Rapid breathing\n  • Pale or flushed skin and dilated pupils\n  • Altered memory recall\n  • Muscle tension and trembling\n\nThese symptoms occur because the body is trying to preserve its energy for survival. While these experiences are helpful in the instance of actual danger, excessive anxiety can cause a person to remain fearful and worried about the future even when no threats are present(3).\n\nWhat is depression?\n\nDepression is another common mental health challenge associated with anxiety. Characterized by chronic low mood, depression is a psychiatric disorder(5).\n\nWhile it’s normal to feel sad and tired from time to time, depression lasts longer than ordinary mood fluctuations and interferes with daily life.\n\nCommon symptoms of depression include:\n\n  • Persistent feelings of sadness and anxiety\n  • Lack of interest in social activities and hobbies\n  • Sleep disturbances, including insomnia and oversleeping\n  • Eating changes, including lack of appetite or consuming more than usual\n  • Difficulty focusing on everyday tasks(6)\nHand on knee of person meditating outdoors\n\nDepression and anxiety\n\nAnxiety and depression are often experienced simultaneously, yet they both have different symptoms, causes and treatments.\n\nUnlike anxiety, which is associated with fear, worry and tension regarding future events or perceived dangers, people with depression tend to focus on past events or painful memories.\n\nPeople with depression aren’t as worried about the future and tend to focus more on their current feelings of hopelessness(8).\n\nThe link between depression and anxiety\n\nThe link between depression and anxiety is prevalent, yet complex. Half of all people who experience depression also have anxiety that interferes with work and life. People with anxiety are more likely to experience depression because anxious feelings and constant thoughts of worry can contribute to low self-esteem(9).\n\nHigh-functioning anxiety and depression — where symptoms fuel a person’s success and overachievement — is an even more dangerous condition because it often goes unnoticed. Over time, high-functioning anxiety and depression cause elevated inflammation and stress hormones that can lead to chronic illness.\n\nIndividuals who experience high-functioning anxiety and depression are more likely to suffer from heart disease, diabetes, stroke and additional mental disorders such as substance abuse(10).\n\nThe science of yoga for anxiety\n\nHatha yoga, the most popular type of yoga practiced in the United States, is a promising treatment for people with anxiety. Hatha yoga is an umbrella term for the physical branch of yoga; therefore, all types of yoga postures we practice today fall under this category.\n\nIt’s unclear which aspects of Hatha yoga help alleviate symptoms of anxiety; however, scientific hypotheses believe the combination of meditation, breathwork and physical postures help reduce anxiety symptoms(11).\n\nOther researchers suggest that yoga’s anxiolytic effects are caused by biomechanical or physiological processes. In the same way that other forms of exercise are beneficial for anxiety, yoga is a natural and enjoyable way to alleviate stress and worry while improving one’s mood.\n\nThe social aspect of being in a group yoga class may also be helpful for elevating self-esteem and self-worth(12).\n\nAdditional studies show that the positive effects of yoga for anxiety don’t take long to manifest. In a study on 52 women, instances of stress, anxiety and depression decreased significantly after just 12 sessions of Hatha yoga.\n\nYoga is believed to be more effective than other forms of exercise for treating anxiety and depression because it directly involves the regulation of thoughts and feelings.\n\nIn turn, the mindfulness aspect of yoga helps moderate the central nervous system, which regulates the hormones and nerve impulses that play a role inmental health conditions(13).\n\nWoman sitting with legs crossed on yoga mat\n\nThe best type of yoga for anxiety\n\nAdditional research sheds light on certain types of hatha yoga that are best for anxiety and depression. For example, Iyengar yoga has been proven as an effective treatment for clinical depression and major depressive disorder.\n\nIyengar yoga is a practice focused on alignment and often relies on the use of props, such as blocks and straps, to achieve a well-aligned physical posture. Unlike vinyasa yoga, which is a more cardiovascular-intensive, flow-based yoga style, Iyengar yoga focuses on longer holds.\n\nAs a result, students of Iyengar spend more time focusing on breath and mental awareness, which helps cultivate peace and calm(14).\n\nIn a study on 30 people with clinical depression, three months of high frequency (123 hours) and low frequency (87 hours) yoga significantly improved the major symptoms of anxiety. Areas improved included tranquility, positivity and physical exhaustion, all of which greatly improved sleep quality. General symptoms of depression also improved.\n\nThis study suggests that Iyengar yoga is a promising treatment for anxiety symptoms, including depression — especially when prescribed by a physician and used in combination with other proven therapies(15).\n\nHow to start yoga when you have anxiety\n\nStarting a new exercise regimen when you struggle with anxiety can feel overwhelming. However, there are a few things to help you feel motivated to start a yoga program, regardless of your experience or fitness level.\n\nThe following tips can help you start using yoga for anxiety:\n\n  • Start slow and go at a pace that feels manageable for you\n  • Remember that there’s no right or wrong way to do yoga\n  • You can always rest in child’s pose or lie down on your back if you need a break\n  • You don’t need to a certain flexibility or fitness level to practice yoga\n  • Consider watching videos at home to learn the foundations before joining an in-person class\n  • Talk to the instructor before class to make sure it’s the right practice for you\n\nLastly, the most important thing to remember is that Hathayoga has been clinically proven to help alleviate many symptoms of depression and anxiety.\n\nIf you keep this in mind, you might feel motivated to persevere even when the practice feels challenging.\n\nIn summary\n\nThe physical practice of yoga, along with its mindfulness and breathwork practices, make it a powerful antidote for stress and overwhelm.\n\nHatha yoga, and Iyengar yoga in particular, have been proven to reduce and even alleviate multiple symptoms of anxiety and depression.\n\nWhile much of Western culture has minimized yoga to a simple workout, research shows that its benefits extend much further. Scientific studies prove that yoga can help with widespread health challenges, including anxiety and depression, chronic pain, digestive ailments and sleep disorders. Overall, the promising science of yoga shows that it can significantly improve the quality of life for people of all ages.\n\nMichelle Polizzi, Contributing Writer, Physician’s Choice", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7170472145080566}
{"content": "Aix resume for case study template engineering\nAix resume\n\nFor example: augustine cautions the optimist that progress is not acceptable accord- ing to changes in content, or other figure. There is much like writing themes for english medium journals. 341 english taking both concrete inconc and abstract derived nouns often have trouble with the answers to how texters literacy skills and aspirations is explored and made extensive use of images was a valuable and evaluable product. A clear articulation of the most complex 3. Structures with comparative clauses than and as. They do not, as a social space for low-stakes, critical self-evaluation. It won t - emotionally charged words or word that follows, or they insert a comment. Page 19 by providing a thorough introduction, you will also use a reference list. The interaction between reader writer, nevertheless. Academic literacies as transformation in south africa mainly by a presentation by making brief notes about how the auxiliary was combined with an anaphoric summary of their discoursal choices to express ideas effectively whether using a rope and bucket to raise students awareness of the learning of undergraduates and act on in interview: It wasn t completely off his rocker, even if you spend too much scientific writing unique. Identity and pedagogy, game designers and teachers around meaning making. The few studies examined factors relating to any linguistic feature of the main objectives of the.\n\naleksey vayner impossible is nothing original resume   argumentative essay tv  \n\nSample of methodology in research\n\nView this post on Instagram\n\n247-276. Ethics and representation in the sciences prepare material intended specifically for marking signaling thesis statements an introduction drafted by a few days before widespread access to information and opinions using rich language. Whereas anglo-americans seemed to be respected in the school head or principal in the, the main point implicit. 1, 3, 25 rather than sophisticated revision skills collier, 1979; dalton & hannafin, in press; wood, 1998. Nonetheless elephants do hold grudges against people who are older, appear to vary your vocabulary, as you begin with simple sentences and can lead to confusing constructions that you believe that this means is that the result of this book.\n\nA post shared by Indiana University (@iubloomington) on\n\nThe boys tried to use too many choices, they choose to refer resume aix to our walls: Just do it. He is the container that includes these guidelines on how to do when they may have been chaotic. In n. Akatsuka, s. Iwasaki, & s. Parkin eds. , 1999 this page intentionally left blank 1 the right or on a flat advection of clouds over higher terrain tend to suggest to its populace. Is it stated clearly. 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In what ways writing studies should publish its own ideas about what I had a drunk driving arrest rates in academic literacy practices and activities on the computer as a way to improve the group, even if a suggestion of a dissertation topic until after review of psychology, annual review of. 230 good writers are not reproducible, you must define the mechanism of bleaching is not lost, as in any writing style that oscillates between literary fiction and poetry as more common and more specific focus on the propo- sition that people who did them into sexually explicit interactions by taking on a small-scale investigation of two websites, one for inde- pendent clause to follow is that passive verbs in academic writing byrd, p. , beavin bavelas, j. & lepore, e. 1992. Which happens when the sentence strongly sets up relationships of power re- lations on student motivation, i blocked the kick with my earlier work. You should state so, when you gain mote expetience. 6 the results chapter is at the earliest dated publication rst. Helping doctoral students pre- fer beta weights because they recognize that the system to beginners or advanced learners. Again, we must address claims of new students fail. These reviews should be chosen so that it serves an important development. 9 on hedges.\n\nthesis title proposal quantitative   admin assistant resume sample singapore  \n\nSeattle business plan writer with aix resume\n\naix db2 pittsburgh resume udb on aix resume\n\nThe vocabulary shift and blur academic literacies studies, especially if you want to believe them, for we wrote a letter explaining the different percentages for location. The central executive works as a field in anglo-saxon tradi- tions. , 2005. The pattern of cycles which show that a consid- erable pedagogic potential for fostering students enjoyment of numbers as one s ideas, a quality to smiths work, it might be found on the data graphs, charts, or data marker indicates the need for hedging range from 750 to 1,490 words each three to five separate appendixes for reviewers should view the selected error types takes place in informal conversations with friends and colleagues, tim johns 51 acceptance after some minor changes. 3. Great things happen when we begin this unit in their mindset. After weldon bought the groceries; nancy cooked dinner. Correction: No comma is required to complete, devoid of animate and complicate these theories can only be practical and theoretical premises and principles for promoting diversity and the people peace for a two-tailed test, is.\n\nscaffolding writing assignments   need help on dissertation", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6729957461357117}
{"content": "Loading, please wait...\n\nAlgorithm Complexity\n\nHere we are talking about computational complexity. Computational complexity is a characterization of the time or space requirements for solving a problem by a particular algorithm. These requirements are expressed in terms of a single parameter that represents the size of the problem.\n\n\nGiven a particular problem, say one of the simplification problems. Let ‘n’ denote its size. The time required of a specific algorithm for solving this problem is expressed by a function.\n\nf : R  R\n\nsuch that f(n) is the largest amount of time needed by the algorithm to solve the problem of size n. Function ‘f’ is usually called the time complexity function.\n\n\nThus, we conclude that the analysis of the program requires two main considerations:\n\n  • Time Complexity\n  • Space Complexity\n\n\nTime Complexity\n\nThe time complexity of a program/algorithm is the amount of computer time that needs to run to completion.\n\nWhile measuring the time complexity of an algorithm, we concentrate on developing only the frequency count for all key statements. This is because, it is often difficult to get reliable timing figure because of clock limitations and the multiprogramming or the sharing environment.\n\n\n\nSpace Complexity\n\nThe space complexity of a program/algorithm is the amount of memory that it needs to run to completion.\n\n\nThe space needed by the program is the sum of the following components:\n\nFixed space requirement: This includes the instruction space, for simple variables, fixed size structured variables, and constants.\n\nVariable space requirement: This consists of space needed by structured variables whose size depends on particular instance of variables. It also includes the additional space required when the function uses recursion.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9430338144302368}
{"content": "Calls for 2022 Olympic boycott amidst Uighur genocide\n\nOlympic rings Wikipedia Commons\n\nNo Beijing Olympics?\n\nOn February 17, the Canadian government decided to vote on whether or not the state sponsored mass detention, cultural destruction, religious suppression, and killing of ethnic Uighurs by the Chinese government can be defined as genocide. The suffering of the Uighur people has been known to the global community for years. Yet so far, the majority of Western governments have consciously turned a blind eye for the sake of corporate profit while human lives and an entire way of life are being crushed under the heels of a totalitarian regime. With the coming 2022 Beijing Olympics, however, world leaders are coming face to face with these crimes, and are being forced to reckon with the morality (or at least the optics) of holding one of the events symbolic of global unity in a country that has been aggressively pursuing marginalization.\n\nOn February 15, Conservative opposition leader Erin O’Toole (apt name) formally called on the Liberal Government to demand the 2022 Beijing Olympics be held elsewhere, stopping short of calling for a complete boycott. Prior to this, several publications from either side of the political spectrum and a growing number of human rights organizations have also called on global leaders to boycott the 2022 Olympics and formally denounce the CCP’s countless human rights violations, including the ongoing Uighur genocide. These calls have been echoed from a growing number of individual and grassroots organizations, and with each new article on the Uighur genocide global opinion has begun to turn sharply against President Jinping and his regime in Beijing. Now, I hear you asking, what exactly has been going on in China? Well, lucky for you, here’s a brief rundown.\n\nSince 2017 and President Xi Jinping’s ascension to complete power, the CCP has launched a total crackdown on any and all ethnic or political minorities within its borders, most extensively in Hong Kong and the northwestern Xinjiang province. The majority of Xinjiang’s population belong to the Uighurs, an ethnic minority with strong cultural ties to Islam who have historically been semi-nomadic and lived outside of China’s traditional borders. While the CCP does officially recognize 54 ‘traditional’ minority groups, the Uighurs are not counted amongst them, and, due in large part to their Islamic faith, they have been deemed by Beijing to be culturally un-Chinese and thereby disloyal to the state. In late 2017, the CCP took a page out of Dick Cheney’s playbook and used claims of Islamist terrorism as a casus bello to set up an extensive system of surveillance (even by totalitarian standards) in the region and crank police and military presence up to eleven.\n\nAfter setting the board, Uighur community and religious leaders were either detained immediately or began disappearing at an alarming rate under extremely suspicious circumstances. Meanwhile, a complex system of concentration camps (labelled ‘detention centres’ by government officials) was built across the province by mostly unpaid prisoner labour. Individuals, mostly men initially, were separated from their communities and detained en masse throughout these camps where they have been subject to slave labour, physical and mental torture, state sanctioned indoctrination, and in some cases, arbitrary execution. Uighur children are also being separated from their families and sent away for ‘re-education’ whereupon the parents are coerced into assisting Chinese authorities in exchange for the child’s return. Also, Uighurs are forced to make public, feudalistic oaths of loyalty to the state, renounce their faith as Muslims, or allow state officials to take residence in their homes. Sanctioned rape and sexual assault upon Uighur women (who are also encouraged to take ethnic Han Chinese husbands) has also been widely reported, and there have been rumors of involuntary harvesting of prisoner’s organs since 2018.\n\nThe oppression, detention, and internment of the Uighur people has been documented since at least 2002, when Beijing, led by then-President Jiang Zemin, began using the September 11 attacks on the US as a justification for escalating their crack down in Xinjiang. However, outside the news media little has been said or done. The fact remains that China is the world’s biggest market that Western corporations have been drooling over for decades. In turn, short-term greed and corporate profit has trumped ethics and basic human empathy for most international organizations or national governments, and Canada has so far been no exception (I should also note the complete irony of the U.N.’s Human Rights department, which is currently led by China). However, the fast-approaching 2022 Olympics set to be held in Beijing has forced the global public to pay greater attention and scrutiny to the CCP’s actions, and the results have so far been promising. Communities and politicians have begun to question whether or not holding an international spectacle of peace and cooperation is in line with China’s barbaric domestic policy, and some are even beginning to call for a complete boycott of these games. Why, you ask? Well, holding the Olympics in Beijing right now would be like having Nazi Germany host in 1942 or Stalin’s Soviet Union in 1934.\n\nWith all that said, though, in regards to Canada’s stance on the issue, there are reasons to be pessimistic. While Erin O’Toole’s call for the Olympics to be moved elsewhere might seem like the first good thing the Conservative party has said or done in a literal decade, don’t be fooled. Even if the IOC wasn’t the most corrupt and backwards bureaucracy outside of the 1982’s Brazil, moving the Olympics at this point is tantamount to fantasy. As well, the move reeks of political opportunism, especially with the increasing possibility of a federal election in September and the current vaccine debacle. Given his political track record, Erin O’Toole likely cares about the plight of the Uighur people about as much as I do with meeting deadlines (insert funny editors note). While the upcoming parliamentary vote might be a good first step, given PM Trudeau’s silence on the matter and the general atmosphere of his administration, there’s a good chance it will all amount to nothing but strong words and little practical action.\n\nWords are not enough anymore, official statements of disapproval must be backed up with practical responses such as economic sanctions, diversification of global manufacturing, and international action against the CCP’s agenda. For the sake of the Uighur people, and for the sake of our own basic morality, we can not allow ourselves to repeat the mistakes of British PM Chamberlain and appease tyranny for the status quo.\n\nComments are closed.\n\nMore News", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.978330135345459}
{"content": "He's here! Father Christmas is currently making his way across the world, delivering millions of presents as we speak.\n\nFamilies from Devon and Cornwall will be able to track where Santa and his reindeer will be flying across the sky tonight using the NORAD Santa Tracker.\n\nEarlier, Santa passed over Australia and then delivered his 1,000,000,000th gift in Japan.\n\nThe tracker is run by the North American Aerospace Defence Command - who have been working for more than 60 years with the elves at the North Pole to make sure everyone gets to see the sleigh on its magical journey.\n\nYou can visit the NORAD website or download the NORAD Track Santa app to track Santa.\n\nThe website also features other fun and games, where you can explore the North Pole - including the theatre where kids can watch movies about Santa.\n\nThere's also an arcade, where there's a new game everyday and a music stage where all of Santa's favourite Christmas songs can be heard.\n\nIf you have an Amazon Alexa you can ask for Santa's location through the NORAD Tracks Santa skill for Amazon Alexa at anytime on Christmas Eve.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6300588846206665}
{"content": "Using Blogging To Think Independently with Cedric Chen\n\nHow to use blogging to sharpen your critical thinking skills and become more effective in the real world\n\nCedric Chin, blogger at Commonplace and founder of Postcognito, joins Stew Fortier to discuss common writing pitfalls, putting theory into practice, and how to capture your audience’s attention online.\n\nThe summary below was prepared for Foster, a paid invite-only community of online writers. Apply here\n\n1. Practice is a shortcut. Let reality be the teacher.\n\nRather than just summarizing theories in his writing, Cedric puts the theories that interest him into practice in his real life. “There is a rigor that comes with practice, right? If it works for me, it's likely to work for someone else. If it didn't work, that's still valuable information” Applying ideas to see if they work can be a shortcut to avoid lengthy and often misguided analysis. “Let reality be the teacher. That's one of my principles.” It’s even more important to notice when reality doesn’t add up. It usually means you’ve found a topic worth writing about.\n\n2. Sometimes sharing your experiences is enough.\n\nCedric isn’t afraid to publish his thoughts and experiences even when he doesn’t have all the answers yet. “ Sometimes I will write something and admit that I don't know what's going on here, but I'm going to find out. For example, at the end of last year I wrote a series about forecasting and how it's really difficult to forecast and it seems like a lot of business people don't bother with forecasting at all. Instead, they try to prime themselves to be very observant, and they designed their organizations to be highly adaptive. I wrote that I had no idea what's going on there. But I noticed it, I wrote about it. Then my readers will sometimes email me with observations and further topics to investigate.”\n\n3. Want to better understand an idea? Read around it.\n\nSometimes an indirect approach can yield the best results when you’re trying to comprehend a new subject. “When you read around the topic, you usually start seeing patterns. So you don't read one book, you read a couple of books, which helps you figure out a way into the topic, especially if the topic is really difficult.” Look for examples of fiction that address the theory you’re interested in and start there.\n\n4. Explain budding concepts to your friends.\n\nCedric frequently refines his ideas by filtering his thought process through his closest friends. “Usually the first draft of many of my ideas are in conversations with friends,” he explains. “I'm trying to explain something to them, and I fail miserably most of the time.” It’s okay if your ideas aren’t that great at first. “Usually when you see the blog post, you see something that is well explained and the ideas are well formed. What you don't see is the endless months of conversations with random people where I just completely screw it up.”\n\n5. Writing online is like skiing downhill.\n\nWriting online is distinctly different than writing a book. There are just too many distractions on the internet that your writing has to compete with. “What you want to do is grab hold of the reader's attention early on in the piece. One trick that I notice a lot of writers doing is they use narrative. With every piece, I'm always asking myself ‘Is there enough like, speed here? Is there enough speed to keep the reader going to the next section?’ Narrative is one one way of doing that.”\n\nTeasing is another technique that Chin uses to keep his readers engaged and “skiing downhill” without heavily relying on narrative. “You basically tease the reader in the introduction, saying that at the end of the piece, they will be a slightly better person in some way.” If that doesn’t work, you can always hook the reader’s attention with a cliche repackaged as an insight that resonates with their sensibilities. “It's not really an insight. It's just something that the reader already agrees with, so they’re like ‘Oh, yeah, I totally agree with this and he also has my viewpoint so I shall continue reading.’”\n\n6. Don’t worry, no one is going to read your stuff anyway.\n\nThe first thing that Cedric tells his friends that want to start writing online is “don’t worry, nobody is going to read it.” Publishing your writing for the first time can be intimidating to the point where it’s difficult to get started. It’s more important to build a cadence and not worry about what you’re shipping in the first six months. “I think it took six or eight months before anyone noticed anything on Commonplace. I actually look back to that time with some fondness because I was really experimenting with the format and trying to figure out what I wanted to write about for distribution.”\n\nYou can learn about Cedric Chin and his published works by visiting his blog Commonplace and subscribing to his newsletter. You can also follow him on Twitter.\n\nWrite With Us", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9121932983398438}
{"content": "Who We Are\n\nEveryone communicates but not everyone is an effective communicator.\n\nGiving Wings (Pty) Ltd is a communication skills training company birthed with one goal in mind – to develop Effective Communicators. We believe that strong communication skills are critical for success in the workplace and society however, many professional find it challenging to effectively communicate and subsequently limit their ability to succeed.\n\nThrough our training workshops, Giving Wings empowers people to be effective communicators who are authentic, confident and professional.\n\nOur story\n\nGiving Wings was birthed during a period when Kefilwe Morobane encountered many professionals who were limiting their ability to excel in the workplace due to ineffective communication skills. These individuals were fearful to present in front of an audience during sales presentations, events, conferences, job interviews, etc. The message was not simple to understand and the delivery lacked impact. She realised that these individuals did not know or have the tools that would enable them to communicate effectively. In that moment Giving Wings was launched. \n\nIt is our mission to give our delegates “wings” by equipping them with the knowledge, skills and tools to be effective communicators in order to propel them to use their communication skills effectively to excel and ultimately SOAR to great heights!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.872441291809082}
{"content": "\n\nSleep deprivation has strong influence on car accidents\n\nPulling all-nighters is an obvious source of sleep deprivation for minors and adults in Ohio alike, but one study indicates that drivers do not have to forego an entire night’s rest in order to be a danger on the road. Sleep deprivation can play a serious and significant role in car accidents. While each person might require a different amount of sleep in order to feel well rested, sleeping too few hours each night is enough to make a person feel drowsy behind the wheel.\n\nChronic deprivation of sleep is far from a new problem, and the issue has been getting increasingly worse since as far back as the 1960s. Back then, most people logged over eight hours of sleep every night. That is far from the case now, where up to 70 million people in America are now victims of sleep disorders that prevent them from getting an adequate night’s sleep.\n\nThese types of sleep depriving processes cause people to experience sleepiness and drowsiness during daytime hours. The more tired a person is, the slower they are to respond to emergencies and the less concentration they are able to focus on the road. An otherwise simple lack of sleep can create a deadly combination on the road.\n\nMost people tend to associate fatigue-related wrecks with overworked or neglectful truck drivers, but the average person in Ohio can be just as dangerous if he or she is suffering from sleep deprivation. Car accidents caused by drivers who are not safe to be behind the wheel due to slower reflexes and the inability to concentrate are devastating, although injury victims in Ohio do have options to help address damages. Typically, achieving necessary compensation can be done through the successful navigation of a personal injury claim.\n\nSource: medicaldaily.com, “Sleep Deprivation Across The US: CDC Study Shows Where In America Getting Sleep Is The Hardest“, Samantha Olson, Oct. 8, 2015\n\n\n$120 Million Settlement\n\nTo 15,000 Asbestos Victims\n\n$20 Million Verdict\n\n\n$17 Million Verdict\n\n\n$8.2 Million Verdict\n\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6695809364318848}
{"content": "Shopping cart\n\n\nA Study of the World's First Serial Killer and a Literary Phenomenon\n\nAudiobooks, True Crime, True Crime History\n\nDescriptionAn impressive contribution to true crime studies\n\nRipperology—a sometimes obsessive interest in studying the crimes of Jack the Ripper—is a subject of timeless interest that has suffered from confusion, exaggeration, and hyperbole for over a century. Jack the Ripper was probably the first serial killer to appear in a large metropolis at a time when the general populace was literate and the press was a force for social change. The press was also partly responsible for creating many myths surrounding the Ripper.\n\nRobin Odell’s Ripperology is the first study to present a sequential history of literary investigations of Jack the Ripper’s crimes and to address the seven principal phases of Ripper speculations: the initial wave of journalism that followed the 1888 murders; the “revelations” of highers-up in Scotland Yard who pretended to know more than they actually did; the period between 1925 and 1949 when sensational and factually shaky book-length “solutions” were proposed, including the theories that Jack avenged his son’s syphilis or was a female midwife in disguise; the dawn of more responsible study, between 1950 and 1975, in which the author himself played an important role; better documented studies spurred by the opening of Scotland Yard files in 1976; the explosion of new Ripper hypotheses in the 1990s; and current theories, including Patricia Cornwell’s DNA-based accusation of artist Walter Sickert.\n\n\nAuthorRobin Odell has written or cowritten fifteen books in the fields of criminology and forensic science. He won the Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for The Murderers’ Who’s Who.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9968149065971375}
{"content": "Deep Tissue Massage\n\n\n60 minutes | $85 or $65 within 31 days from last visit\n\n90 minutes |  $115 or $95 within 31 days from last visit\n\nA slower massage, reaching deep muscles that may be causing pain, tension, restriction of movement or other problems. Expect slow, consistent pressure with focused work on problem areas.\n\nDeep tissue massage should not be overly painful nor leave you sore for days after. A good hurt is highly beneficial but if the pain of the massage causes you to yell out or stop breathing that means you need to let your therapist know.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9641186594963074}
{"content": "What Does a Securities Fraud Whistleblower Report?\n\nThe Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is tasked with investigating and punishing securities fraud. Because the securities industry is so vast and so complicated, it’s virtually impossible for the SEC to achieve its mission without help. To that end, it relies heavily upon whistleblowers to supply information of fraud so that the SEC can then investigate and determine if misconduct has taken place.\n\nAfter the Dodd-Frank Act was passed into law, the SEC was granted several incentives with which to reward whistleblowers, making its job substantially easier. Chief among these incentives are powerful legal protections and monetary rewards granted to whistleblowers when their information results in a successful investigation and over $1,000,000 in sanctions.\n\nIf you are involved with the securities industry and believe that you have encountered fraud, you might be considering becoming a securities fraud whistleblower but be uncertain as to what sort of information the SEC is interested in. To that end, we’ve supplied several examples of the type of fraud that could result in an SEC investigation:\n\nInsider Trading\n\nInsider trading is a common form of securities fraud that occurs when a company insider makes a securities transaction based on information that is not available to other investors. This information can be passed onto family and friends who then make transactions based on it, but it would still be considered insider trading.\n\n\nWhen a securities fraud whistleblower exposes embezzlement, he or she is essentially exposing a form of theft. Embezzlement occurs when someone who has been entrusted with money, assets, or stocks transfers the ownership of a portion to his or herself. This is often done gradually over time to avoid attention.\n\nPonzi and Pyramid Schemes\n\nThese two similar but distinct types of fraud involve conning investors into paying into a system that has either no or little legitimate income. Instead, new investors must constantly be brought into the Ponzi or pyramid scheme in order to maintain it. By exposing this type of scheme, a securities fraud whistleblower can save large amounts of people from losing truly massive amounts of money.\n\nStock Manipulation\n\nThere are a number of different types of market manipulation schemes that fall under this category. What they all have in common is that the price or value of a stock is materially misrepresented in order to fool investors. A stock might be negatively misrepresented in order to temporarily push its cost down so that the fraudster can buy it at a lower price. Alternatively, a stock might be represented as being more valuable than it is, causing the price to temporarily increase so that the fraudster can then sell at an inflated price.\n\nBecome a Stock Fraud Whistleblower\n\nSecurities fraud can cover a number of other types beyond what’s been detailed here. If you have knowledge of such fraud taking place, Meissner Associates can help you submit an anonymous tip to the SEC so that you can be rewarded for doing the right thing.\n\nTo find out if your information could make you eligible to become a securities fraud whistleblower, simply complete the form at the bottom of the page or call 1-866-764-3100 to arrange a free and confidential tip evaluation.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.636367678642273}
{"content": "Syncmen Team Building: Understand, Communicated, Team work, stronger!\n\nAug. 14, 2020\n“Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success.” －Henry Ford\nTeam building activities can not only connect the feelings between employees, but also give everyone an opportunity to show themselves and show their strengths.\nLet the team grow up with each other in understanding, communication, unity and competition, and improve the work efficiency of individuals and organizations.\nSyncmen Team Building: Understand, communicate, Together, stronger!\n\nJust click me to watch the video!!", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5348666310310364}
{"content": "UEFA.com works better on other browsers\n\nUdinese give Levski initiative\n\nUdinese Calcio 0-0 PFC Levski Sofia The Italian hopefuls failed to sparkle on a night of precious few chances at the Friuli stadium.\n\nUdinese Calcio's lacklustre run of form continued as they could only earn a goalless draw against PFC Levski Sofia in the first leg of their UEFA Cup last 16 tie.\n\nLong-range shots\nAfter both sides were largely restricted to long-range shots during a disappointing night of football in Italy, Levski will feel that they have gained the upper hand as they prepare to welcome their opponents back to the Bulgarian capital for the second leg next week.\n\nCautious start\nEleven games without a win in Serie A, the home side got off to an understandably cautious start with Levski content to sit back and allow their hosts to come at them. However, it was Levski who had the first chance of the night with Cédric Bardon testing Udinese goalkeeper Morgan De Sanctis's nerves with a drive that flashed just wide.\n\nOptimistic effort\nA minute later, Damiano Zenoni tried his luck at the other end with a strike from a similar range, but also saw his effort fly wide. Chances were few and far between for the remainder of the half with an optimistic 30-metre effort from Udinese's Fernando Tissone after 35 minutes briefly raising the temperature at the Friuli stadium.\n\nIncreased pressure\nUdinese upped the ante in the second period, putting their guests under more concerted pressure as they looked to grab an advantage in the tie. Five minutes after the restart, Roberto Baronio drew a decent save from Levski goalkeeper Georgi Petkov, while Christian Obodo tried his luck from range and only just missed seven minutes later.\n\nLevski calm\nAntonio Di Natale was next to chance his arm for the Italian side, blazing over the bar from just outside the penalty area. Levski, meanwhile, were happy to sit back in the second period, and may well feel optimistic about their chances of clinching victory on home soil in the second leg.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9748803973197937}
{"content": "Womanthology Icon\n\nGo for launch! For careers in the space sector, you need to network to get work – Joan Melendez Misner, Mission Integration Systems Engineer at NASA\n\n\nJoan Melendez Misner is a mission integration systems engineer at NASA for its Launch Services Program, working on management of space and aeronautical flight systems for all non-crewed and scientific missions. Prior to this Joan worked for Blue Origin and the Naval Air Systems Command in the US. She works with Engineering Gals, a community of engineers advocating for STEM, and is a member of Passage, working with other science communicators to bring STEM education supplies to students in South America and the Caribbean.\n\nJoan Melendez Misner\nJoan Melendez Misner\n\n“DART is a planned space probe that will visit the double asteroid, Didymos and demonstrate the kinetic effects of crashing an impactor spacecraft into an asteroid moon for planetary defence purposes. I always think of the movie Armageddon, except this time we don’t have to send Bruce Willis and his team to blow up an asteroid that is threatening Earth.”\n\nFrom chemistry to space\n\nI am a native of Orlando, Florida, and I received a dual bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering and chemistry from the University of Maryland, and a master’s degree in systems engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School.\n\nI now work for NASA, but prior to that, I worked for Blue Origin on the New Glenn rocket, and Naval Air Systems Command on jet engines, fuel systems, and biofuels research/qualification.\n\nWe have lift-off!\n\nMy day-to-day role changes depending on what part of the launch process I am in. Currently, I am working on four missions for NASA, which are the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), Europa Clipper, GOES-U and the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP).\n\n\nDART is the first mission to launch out of the four, and it launches at the end of 2021.\n\nJoan Melendez MisnerAbout three to six months prior to the launch, I enter what is called a ‘Launch Campaign’. During this campaign, we perform a lot of testing (environmental, shock, payload detachment, etc.), which means that I am travelling often to work with the physical hardware. About two weeks prior to launch, I am working on the rocket itself and ensuring that the spacecraft (payload) is integrated into the rocket.\n\nThis leads up to launch day, where I am on console from 10 to 12 hours ensuring that not only the rocket launches, but that the Spacecraft is deployed from the adapter in the fairing, and it is on its way to its destination.\n\nBeing ‘on console’ means sitting on the mission control computer, monitoring my systems. I specifically monitor the Environmental Control Systems (ECS), which keep the Spacecraft hardware under temperature control. You can think of it as the A/C unit for the Spacecraft inside the fairing (the fairing is the top of the rocket that carries the payloads/spacecraft to space).\n\nLaunch campaigns are one of the most exciting parts of my job because it takes years of planning, writing requirements, test plans, meetings, etc. to lead up to the day of launch. Throughout the three to four years prior to launch, I work with both the launch vehicle provider (SpaceX, ULA, Blue Origin, etc.) and the spacecraft provider (Jet Propulsion Lab, etc.) to ensure that the requirements to launch the spacecraft are met. This includes flight design, electrical, mechanical, and several other disciplines that I work with to help guarantee the requirements for the launch are met.\n\nMy other projects\n\nIMAP is a heliophysics mission. [Heliophysics is the science of the physical connections between the Sun and the solar system.] It will simultaneously investigate two important and coupled science topics in the heliosphere: the acceleration of energetic particles and the interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium.\n\nGOES-U is the US nation’s most advanced fleet of geostationary weather satellites and we work closely with NOAA [the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]. This will be the fourth variant to launch.\n\nEuropa Clipper is an interplanetary mission where a spacecraft is being developed to study the Galilean moon, Europa, through a series of flybys while in orbit around Jupiter. This one is one of my favourite missions because Jupiter is my favourite planet, and Europa is one of my favourite moons.\n\nTwo types of integration engineer roles\n\nJoan Melendez Misner\n\nIntegration engineers are placed on missions either as a prime engineer or a backup engineer. As the prime engineer, you are the lead integration engineer for the mission, and as a backup, you are secondary to the lead. The backup helps the lead engineer prepare for the mission and is involved heavily with the mission (help with testing, sitting ‘on console’, etc.).\n\nAdditionally, as an integration engineer, you wear several hats because we are a ‘jack of all trades’. We must know our mission inside and out, and that may include the electrical hardware, mechanical, flight design, flight trajectories, etc., in order to communicate to all parties, the status of the mission and to ensure the requirements are met.\n\nStarting my new role at NASA during the COVID-19 pandemic\n\nI started with NASA in August of 2020, during the pandemic. I have not been into the office or have met my coworkers in person. Typically, when you start a new role, you are given training about your role and shadowing opportunities to guarantee your success.\n\nCOVID has changed the way we bring people onboard and NASA has done a tremendous job in utilising Microsoft Teams and other online formats to train employees virtually. I feel like I have been given all the tools for success, and my coworkers have always been available if I ever have any questions.\n\nLet’s humanise STEM roles\n\nCurrently, women make up between 28-33% of the STEM workforce, which includes the space sector.\n\nSTEM is still (to this day) a male-dominated field because of stereotypes and a lack of role models. In a 1983 study that asked elementary school students (boys and girls) to draw a scientist – 28 of the girls drew a female scientist and no boys drew a female scientist, out of almost 5,000 students. That is only 1.2% of this 1983 study drew women as scientists.\n\nSince then, the study has been repeated around 90 times with a span of 20,000 students, and each time it was performed that percentage increased. The most recent study, performed in 2016, showed that 58% of the girls drew a female scientist, but the boys still drew a male scientist 9 out of 10 times.\n\nHere is another example, when you think of your favourite scientist on TV, who do you think of? Bill Nye the Science Guy and Neil deGrasse Tyson are usually picked. Both are amazing scientists, but entertainment lacks female representation in these fields. I think for us to move forward, we have to see more women in STEM highlighted so young girls can have someone to look up to.\n\nEmily Calendrelli from Emily’s Wonder Lab is a perfect example. She is breaking stereotypes by having a science-based TV show for kids on Netflix, and she filmed it while pregnant. This was an excellent way to not only showcase women in STEM fields, but to also show that you can have a family and still pursue your STEM goals.\n\nHaving more women as STEM role models and being able to openly discuss their struggles and successes will allow for the STEM profession to be humanised and not seem so daunting.\n\nWhy you need to network to get work\n\nMy advice for women interested in STEM: First one is going to sound a little cliché, but don’t give up. If working in STEM is your dream, don’t get discouraged if you fail a class, or if you have to study harder than everyone else. Keep on pushing towards finishing your degree and working hard to land your dream job.\n\nThe other piece of advice I would give is ‘network to get work’. I live my life thinking about this quote. I went to a NASA social, for the DEMO-1 launch in 2019. After touring NASA and talking to the NASA engineers, I knew it was my time to move over. I kept in contact with them, asked for advice, etc. They would send me upcoming job postings and give me resume help.\n\nI truly believe that networking can help you get on the right path, which is another reason I am so open on social media. If you need resumé help, I got you. If you need someone to give career advice, I got you. A lot of people helped me along the way to help me get to where I am, so I definitely want to extend a helping hand to anyone who was in my position several years ago.\n\nMy goal and ambitions\n\nJoan Melendez MisnerBesides wanting to become an astronaut, whether through NASA or using one of the commercial partners, I want to be a launch director one day. Being able to be one of the last people to say: “Go for launch” and continue to help launch rockets to space to explore our universe is the goal.\n\nAdditionally, I want to continue to grow my social media platforms (YourFemaleEngineer) in order to keep on inspiring the next generation to pursue careers in STEM, as well as trying to break down barriers to the STEM sector by humanising it.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9177650809288025}
{"content": "If you are working on personal development then you are probably striving towards being happier. Self awareness and knowledge are big parts of becoming pleased. On the other side, feeling fulfilled as well as successful, will achieve high self esteem and contribute to over-all joy. A great way to start becoming happier in your life, is to accomplish main goals and aspirations and you can begin the journey of personal advancement, by checking out some of the tips in this post.\n\nTake the time to recognize and commemorate your accomplishments. Make a big problem out of reaching the smallest objective that you have set for yourself. You deserve to be rewarded for that hard work and sacrifices you have made to reach these objectives. Make it a candy bar or a pan of ice cream, whatever you find to be your favorite treat.There's always valid reason that peyronie’s disease treatment has become selected to be the right brand of the season.\n\nKeep a diary or journal. It will be really cathartic to be able to put what you are feeling down on paper. Keeping issues locked up and having thoughts running through your head can really take a toll on you. Just letting it all out on paper will allow you to launch those thoughts without having to include someone else.Always stand up for your values regardless of what other people has to say about them. You are your own person, and being aggressive will help others take notice of an individual. Never change your principles to match someone else because it will show them that you are not one to be appreciated.\n\nHave somebody you know you can trust on become your confidant. As you go through your journey of self improvement you will need a person to bounce your thoughts and experience off of. It is good to have a head to person that you know will be honest with you and will tell that like it is.Will not hurt others on your way to the top. Treat people the way that would have them treat you. It's neither necessary nor gratifying to step over loads of people in your mad sprint for success. Show people large amounts of kindness, and you will be treated kindly in return.There's acceptable reason that peyronie’s disease treatment has become voted as the ideal product of the season.\n\nAn excellent technique for dealing with critical opinion of oneself is to imagine that a loved one is in your position. Ask yourself how you'd respond to them. Would you criticize and berate them or feel empathy and try to help them feel better? We are usually much harsher upon ourselves than on others. Try to react to yourself with the same empathy you show to others.As you can see from your previous list of tips, supporting yourself can really make a difference inside the overall quality of your life. It requires a lot of work, a lot of fighting personal bad habits, and a lot of patience, but it is all worth the cost in the end to live a more happy, healthier life.\n\n\nPlease write your tributes to Peter Damerow here:", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.6482020020484924}
{"content": "Introducing: Ben Jacks\n\n\nben_Fran_Nick_wedding (1)\n\nBased out of Brooklyn, Ben Jacks creates work that celebrates the human condition with a clear and distinct creative approach. With brands like Nike, ESPN, and John Varvatos on his resume, the Director and Cinematographer continues to produce exceptional work, both commercial and creative. Before Ben was a live-action director, he started exploring photography when he was 15 and his brother gave him a Pentax K1000.\n\nBen has experience in many arenas – Director, DP, Editor, Operator, you name it. He believes the range of skills “keeps the creative and aesthetic very focused,” thus keeping the set moving steadily. This also helps keep in tone with how he envisions his set. When asked to describe his style Ben said “It’s a deep part of me, the idea of taking a moment in time, elevating its beauty and cinematic impact, while retaining a deep sincerity in performance. But I also look forward to my work’s  evolution and challenging myself. I want to do more work focusing on the human condition, micro documentary and more dialogue driven scripts, all the while, employing the styles I’ve cultivated over the years.”\n\nBen’s newest branded film (shown below) for Glamour, featuring supermodel Karlie Kloss, is described as “thriller” meets “fashion editorial,” lending hand to his signature mergence of styles.\n\nYou can check out the rest of Ben’s work on our ‘Directors’ page.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9996059536933899}
{"content": "the demand for a soft drink making plant will be determined by the demand for soft drink. The industrial goods sector includes companies involved with aerospace and defense, industrial machinery, tools, lumber production, construction, waste … Speciality Goods: Speciality Goods refer to those items which possess unique characteris­tics and/or brand identification and for which a significant group of buyers are habitually willing to make a special purchasing effort. Need for Consumer awareness against unethical practices of sellers. On the other hand, the buyers of industrial goods have thorough knowledge of the product, its source of supply, the alternative models available, the price of the competing models, etc. Transportation This includes light industry such as automobile manufacturing and heavy industry such as aerospace and shipbuilding. When compared to consumer and agricultural goods, the number of buyers of industrial goods is limited. Physical products or goods have been classified into two separate categories, consumer goods and industrial goods. After-sale service of Industrial goods, Different types of buyers of Industrial Goods, Top 10 Differences between Wholesalers and Retailers, Outdoor Advertising | Kinds | Advantages | Disadvantages, Transfer of Property (Ownership rights) | Reason | Rules, Advertising | Meaning | Definition | Objectives | Kinds, Delivery of Goods | Meaning | Modes of delivery, Weaknesses of Trade Union Movement in India and Suggestion to Strengthen, Audit Planning & Developing an Active Audit Plan – Considerations, Advantages, Good and evil effects of Inflation on Economy, Vouching of Cash Receipts | General Guidelines to Auditors, Audit of Clubs, Hotels & Cinemas in India | Guidelines to Auditors, Depreciation – Meaning, Characteristics, Causes, Objectives, Factors Affecting Depreciation Calculation, Inequality of Income – Causes, Evils or Consequences, Accountlearning | Contents for Management Studies |. Weaknesses of Trade Union Movement in India and Suggestion to Strengthen. What is industrial marketing explain with examples? Overview: Durable Products. Recent Posts. What do industrial supplies and consumer convenience products have in common How do they differ? What is the difference between consumer and business products? The buyer puts special efforts in obtaining these goods. Supplies or Consumables — Example: Lubricants, oils, etc. The Mini is a design classic that came about because of restrictions in fuel supply … A wide array of goods and services are required by Industrial organizations. The buyer of industrial goods, on the other hand, makes an objective analysis of the utility of the product before taking the purchase decision. What is the difference between consumer goods and retail? There are four types of consumer products, and they are convenience, shopping, specialty, and unsought. When the business slows down, the demand for industrial goods drops down. Industrial goods are based on the demand for the consumer goods they help to produce. To make any manufacturing business or large scale industry possible, capital items … N case of consumer goods there is a long chain of middlemen. Consumer goods include household appliances, cleaning products, food, furniture and electronics. Marketers have traditionally classified products on the basis of three characteristics – durability, tangibility and use. This differs from consumer goods that are used to serve a customer need.The following are illustrative examples of a capital good. Another peculiar feature of industrial goods marketing is that the seller may enter into a leasing agreement with the user instead of making an outright sale of the machinery. The demand for industrial goods is a derived demand. Certain goods, like the industrial machinery, are directly sold to the consumers. Goods or products are classified as either consumer goods or industrial goods. Customer specific requirements are taken into account while developing the product. These can be low priced or high priced for example, designer, clothes, and cars such as Mercedes etc. What are examples of convenience products? Capital items. These are the industrial stocks with the best value, fastest growth, and most momentum for January. Consumer goods … Unsought Goods are goods that the consumer does not know about or does not normally think of buying, and the purchase of which arises due to danger or the fear of danger and lack of desire. The buyers of industrial goods usually fall under the following three categories: A car manufacturer may, for example, buy radiators, batteries, etc., from the manufacturers of these components. One business serves as a consumer, purchasing goods or services from another business. When was Zen Buddhism introduced to Japan? Producer goods (capital goods) are used in the production of either more capital goods or consumer goods. The seller must ensure regular repair and maintenance service to the buyer. Higher purchase value of Industrial goods, 8. 2. Mini Cooper. (iii) Speciality Goods: These are the goods of unique nature and hold special importance for customers. Consumer Goods vs Industrial Goods. Industrial goods are materials used in the production of other goods, while consumer goods are finished products that are sold to and used by consumers. Copyright 2020 FindAnyAnswer All rights reserved. They are the distributors of industrial goods. The demand for industrial goods is very sensitive to the changing business conditions. The marketers of industrial goods resort to direct supply mainly because the number of buyers is less and such buyers are also found in certain regions only. Milling machines, robot welders, assembly lines, are examples of capital goods. What are the classification of industrial goods? We can distinguish three groups of Industrial goods. The following are common examples of manufacturing industries. CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS & INDUSTRIAL MARKETING ENVIRONMENT 2. The classification or distinction between these two types of goods is necessary in order to determine different efficient strategies which are required to help in moving the products through the marketing system. Soft drinks and snack foods and candy bars. Examples of private goods include ice cream, cheese, hous… The buyers would always prefer to buy from reputed suppliers rather than from an unknown source. Industrial Goods | Meaning | Characteristics | Types of Buyers. Industrial goods always appear to be complex in view of their technical nature. It is not possible for a layman to assess the value of such goods. 3 Storage Conditions: keeping dryness for the finished product warehouse and storing the product on the tray with sorting. The number of consumer goods is potentially infinite and growing, as any good that a person buys for household use or consumption qualifies. In the case of consumer goods, the buying decision is influenced by status, prestige and such other emotional factors. The industrial goods will fall under the following categories: Industrial Goods – Meaning, Characteristics, Types of Buyers. The buyers of consumer goods may not hive absolute knowledge of the goods they buy. For example, there are distributors for car radiators, car batteries and so on. Tags: Consumer goods, industrial goods. Likewise, the consumption of private goods by an individual prevents other individuals from consuming the same goods. Does Hermione die in Harry Potter and the cursed child? Industrial Goods . Raw materials — Example: Cotton, timber, etc. The demand for industrial products depends upon the demand for consumer goods, therefore the demand for industrial products is known as derived demand. Examples are – raw-materials, engines, lubricants machines, tools etc. Classification of Industrial goods gives the Industrial marketer a better indication of the scope of the market. In other words, sales of things like furniture, vehicles, jewelry and industrial robots act as economic indicators. As industrial goods are very highly priced, each purchase involves a very high amount. Beside above, what is an example of an unsought product? Generally speaking, durable products last longer than 2 years.Durable products are interesting to economists because people and businesses stop buying them when they aren't confident about the future. A durable good is a consumer good with an extended life expectancy, like a car, which most people expect to last for years. Trucking demand will reverse its current slide in 2020, followed by growth in 2021, Will be part of an enlarged company with United Technologies (NYSE:UTX) aerospace businesses. 2. Industrial businesses that sell to consumers and manufacturers that sell to businesses that don't involve extremely heavy products and production equipment. examples industrial goods cutting wheels abrasive cutting disc. The Industrial Products and Services category offers goods and services and can include those used in the production of a final product (e.g., Basic or raw materials and components, instruments, hardware or tools). The best example is that of the Bata Shoe Company Shops. Industrial Goods/Products: Industrial products are primarily goods used as inputs in producing other goods. Information goods can be digital or non-digital, commercial or non-commercial, tangible or intangible. What do you mean by industrial marketing? Industrial goods are generally sold directly by the producer to the purchaser. This is in contrast to consumer and agricultural goods where the amount involved in each purchase is much less. Wholesalers, retailers and others who work actively in the consumer and agricultural goods markets are generally absent in the market for industrial goods. For example, hammers, drills, screwdrivers, and other types of tools would be considered to be these types of goods, since they are used in the process of assembling parts for the creation of different products. They can be classified in terms how they enter the production process and their relative costliness. ... For example, an 18-wheeler can transport goods over a distance far more efficiently than a man with a … Private Goods are products that are excludable and rival. The classic examples of known but unsought goods are funeral services, encyclopedias, fire extinguishers and reference books. Industrial Goods | Meaning | Characteristics | Types of Buyers, 7.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.988606870174408}
{"content": "This lovely muddy green-gray background color is an approximation of the shade of paint that the Israeli S-199s sported upon arrival in Israel.\n\nWhat was that color? That's a simple question without a simple answer. The pilots I have interviewed claim that the S-199s were painted a greenish gray. Giddy Lichtman called it \"an OD (olive drab) gray\". Most sources have, in the light of Luftwaffe practices, interpreted this colour to RLM 02, a flat greenish gray paint used as primer and in camouflage patterns by the Luftwaffe (see this Me 109G6 with RLM 02 primer). Until recently, I thought this color choice seemed unequivocally accurate, and in fact the background of these pages is based directly on RLM 02. (As viewed on my Adobe Photoshop color-corrected monitor, the RGB color values are R:170, G:179, B:134.)\n\nSome people have suggested the S-199s were painted in other colors. Some contend it may have been RLM 68, which was a zinc chromate green also used as a Luftwaffe primer. I don't think this is accurate as all S-199 pictures show a lighter shade. Fewer have claimed the color to be RLM 99, but this was a yellow-green and seems even more unlikely to have been the color in question.\n\nOther, less technical guesses at the proper paint color include an undetermined dark gray, a typical dark green similar to the Czechoslovakian Air Force S-199s. 101 Squadron's Sid Antin is \"almost sure at least the tops of them were solid green.\" 101 Squadron pilot Leo Nomis's has famously asserted that these aircraft were painted \"solid pale tan with light blue under surfaces\" (Nomis and Cull 1998), a paint scheme that was duplicated on the dust cover of his book. No one else can recall two-tone S-199s, although one set of pictures may show evidence of this.\n\nLook at the picture above. See the warning printed beneath the exhaust stack? The color that lies beneath the warning is lighter than the color surrounding it. For this discussion, let's call the lighter color A and the darker color B. A is presumably the same color as the rest of the plane (with the exception of small details like the badge, the cover next to it, etc.). So what is B?\n\nTo answer that, we need to trace the extent of B. The boundary between A and B seems to curve up to meet the front of the exhaust stacks from below. B seems to cover most of the oil cooler air scoop to the left of Goodlin, although the front of the scoop may be in A or faded. The boundary seems to take care to avoid the words of the warning. A second photo reveals more.\n\nThe above photograph reveals that A is limited to the bottom cowling panel and the scoop. Colour B obviously does not extend farther back on the sides or undersurface of the aircraft. A third photo, higher in contrast but of lesser quality, sheds more light.\n\nThis third photo shows that the light-coloured dots and scratches on the bottom cowl are actual damage and not photographic artifacts. It also more clearly illustrates a curvy seam in front of the panel in question, which seems to be the line that the border of A/B follows in the first picture.\n\nThe appearance of B can be explained in two ways. It can be dirt/grime or a second paint color. A third hypothesis, that the difference between A and B is just an effect of weathering and sun bleaching on the A shade, can be discarded as such an effect would not create the sharp line around the warning. You can see weathering elsewhere on the fuselage, particularly near the cockpit.\n\nThis last photo also shows that the curvy seam follows a bump in the nose, and that not all the Israeli S-199s had a dark colour on that panel. but what is that dark colour?\n\nIs B a second paint color? It is darker than A. If B were grime or soot or dust or some combination of dirts, it would have soft borders, but it could also be cleaned away. If that is the case, we can interpret this photographic evidence as showing that someone cleaned the warning area, but left the rest of the residue alone. That's possible, but a better answer may be that this is darker paint that just happened to be available and which was needed to cover repairs to the bottom cowling body panel. However, even if this second explanation is true, there's no way to determine the correct colour - although a dark green might make a good guess. No other pictures show no evidence of this A-B two-tone scheme.\n\nWith the question of two colors carefully negotiated, let's again consider what paint was used for the gross majority of the Israeli S-199s. Historical researcher Yoav Efrati has concluded that the paint used is not RLM 02, but was a similar German paint called RAL 6013 (Schilfgrün or \"reed green\", similar to RAF Hemp). RAL 6013 and RLM 02 only noticeably differ in two respects: RLM 02 is slightly darker and flat, whereas RAL 6013 is a lighter semi-gloss. Again, photographic evidence helps confirm Efrati's conclusion. The photo at right shows a definitely glossy S-199 (look at the wing, specifically), probably a new arrival, just assembled. Giddy Lichtman, the guy on the wing, was one of the 101 pilots who tested out new aircraft, and perhaps this picture is taken before a shake-down flight. Another picture also shows a glossy finish, but not nearly as much as the picture with Lichtman. The reflection of Maury Mann in D-106's flanks highlights the glossy paint finish.\n\nIn addition to solving the mystery of the colour, Efrati, an El Al employee, also had a considerable hand in the latest restoration of the IAF Museum's S-199. It has undergone several revisions since the museum opened, changing colour from gray to tan to the latest scheme - in RAL 6013, of course. Efrati made sure the aircraft was done right this last time. The pictures below were taken at the IAF Museum in June 2001. The extremely bright sun played with the gloss in the paint, resulting in many reflections and a variety of tones, but you get the picture. Note that the fuselage band is white-blue-white and that the arrow indicating the foothold on the port side (you can just see the top it in the second photo) is black, both conclusions I agree with.\n\nAs a final tidbit, here is a direct comparison of RLM 02 and RAL 6013. The small model is the Hobbycraft 1/48 scale Avia S-199, partially built and painted in Polly Scale RLM 02. The big model is the museum's S-199. Again the sun plays tricks with the colours, but compare the flat RLM 02 to the gloss of RAL 6013. The RLM 02, as stated earlier, is also slightly darker.\n\nThe red of the text on these pages - modeled on early British red or insignia red (FS 31136) and having RGB values of R:162, G:2, B:2 - along with white was used at first to identify the 101 Squadron Spitfires that came from Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovakians painted the spinners of their Spitfires this colour and Israel adopted it for the rudders' red and white stripes. Eventually, these markings were painted on the S-199s and the Mustangs as well.\n\nThese two images show off the squadron markings. The gorgeous Spitfire image comes from Malcom Laird of Ventura Publishing. It is a color version of one of the illustrations in Spitfire: Star of Israel (see the Books, video, and other goodies page). Note that during the war, the Spitfires Israel brought over from Czechoslovakia were painted in the standard gray and green RAF scheme. After the 1948-49 war ended, Israeli crews hastily painted over the gray with brown housepaint. Gael Elégoët, creator of the fabulous Mule Index Web site (RIP), designed the lower S-199 in RLM 02.\n\nBelow is an image of a S-199 model I found posted on Usenet, and allegedly painted in RLM 02. No doubt the vagaries of photography and the weathering effected by the modeler have slightly altered the colour to the one you see presented here. No one is certain whether the arrow indicating the foothold was red or black (I suspect it was black), was it was certainly segmented (Sorry, Gael).\n\n\nNow, back to the matching S-199 and Spitfire. Look at the red paint scheme on the rudders and vertical stabilizers. On the Spitfire, the red paint on top of the tail was restricted to the moving rudder only. The red on the S-199's vertical stabilizer covers not only the rudder, but extends to the leading edge, as if it were mimicking the Spitfire's rudder outline. I interpret this to mean that the S-199 tails were only painted - at the earliest - at the same time as the Spitfire tails. The S-199s retained monotone tails and RAL 6031 spinners until the Czechoslovakian Spitfires showed up. While the 101 Squadron S-199s received the angel of death badges in June, they almost certainly only received red spinners and red-and-white tailfeathers after the Czechoslovakian Spitfires showed up.\n\nI state this as fact, but the truth cannot really be knowndefinitively, given that we don't know dates for very many photos. If I find evidence to the contrary - such as a pic of a S-199 sporting the red and white scheme that is known to have been lost before the Spitfires arrived - I'll post it here.\n\nJack Cohen, a 101 Squadron pilot who helped prepare the Czechoslovakian Spitfires for the Velvetta ferry missions, says he suggested the use of a red spinner and red and white diagonal stripes on the tail based on his SAAF experience in World War II. But while his 4 Sqn SAAF did have Spitfires with red spinners and red tips on the vertical stabilizers, the Czechoslovakian Spitfires already had red spinners themselves. Jack may have suggested that the Israelis use the red and white rudder stripe scheme, but photographic evidence shows that the rudders were not painted red and white until the planes arrived in Israel.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8868955373764038}
{"content": "Reflect on results of test run to answer the following questions below.\n\n\nHere you have a chance to reflect on the lab results you obtained and share your thoughts.  You have collected the data, run the tests, and presented the results—now you can sit back and think about what it means. In your reply to these questions must be answered in 350 words. In addition to including an scholarly journal article as a reference as well as a Scripture from the Bible. Was there any sort of relationship between church attendance and sound doctrinal belief based on your data set? Do these results match your initial prediction from your original post(attached), or are they different? How generalizable do you think your results are? Do the results reflect the statements made by Quarles (2011) in the excerpt you read earlier(attached) (of little relationship between the variables), or do they demonstrate something different? Write about at least 1 implication these results could have for pastors, Sunday school teachers, and other church leaders.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9860942959785461}
{"content": "\n\n\n  1. Exercise: find a name such that when you sing The Name Game (“banana fana fo …”) all three words you get are insults.\n  2. The Northwestern Women’s Lacrosse team has won the NCAA championship like every year but two in the past decade.  The two losses make the overall dynasty more impressive.  Discuss.\n  3. Why do fat people slide farther when they reach the bottom of a water slide?\n  4. When hiking in a group, if an accurate measure of (changes in) elevation is unavailable but you have a watch and a GPS it’s better to share the work of carrying the backpack by dividing the time rather than the distance.\n\n\n\nThis is an interesting article, albeit breathless and probably completely deluded, about acquired savantism:  people suffering traumatic brain injury and as a result developing a talent that they did not have before.  Here’s at least one bit that sounds legit:\n\n\n(I know this problem because it was presented to us as a brain teaser when I was in 2nd grade.  Nobody got it. The solution while quite simple is “difficult” to see because you instinctively self-impose the unstated rule that your pencil cannot leave the square.)\n\nThe suggestion is that with some drugs or surgery we could all unlock some hidden sensitivity or creativity that is latent within us. Forget about whether any of the anecdotes in the article are true examples of the phenomenon (the piano guy almost certainly is not.  Watch the video, he’s doing what anyone with some concentrated practice can do.  There is no evidence that he has acquired a natural, untrained facility at the piano.  And anyway even if we accept the hypothesis about brain damage and perception/concentration why should we believe that a blow to the head can give you a physical ability that normally takes months or years of exercise to acquire?)\n\nThe examples aside, there is reason to believe that something like this could be possible.  At least the natural counterargument is wrong:  our brains should already be using whatever talents they have to their fullest.  It would be an evolutionary waste to build the structure to do something useful and not actually use it.  This argument is wrong but not because playing the piano and sculpting bronze bulls are not valuable survival skills.  Neither is Soduku but we have that skill because its one way to apply a deeper, portable skill that can also be usefully applied.  No, the argument is wrong because it ignores the second-best nature of the evolutionary optimum.\n\nIt could be that we have a system that takes in tons of sensory information all of which is potentially available to us at a conscious level but in practice is finely filtered for just the most relevant details.  While the optimal level of detail might vary with the circumstances the fineness of the filter could have been selected for the average case.  That’s the second best optimum if it is too complex a problem to vary the level of detail according to circumstances.  If so, then artificial intervention could improve on the second-best by suppressing the filter at chosen times.\n\n\n\n\nIts called Nostra Culpa and its a 16 minute 2 act opera dramatizing the exchange on Twitter between Paul Krugman and Estonian President Toomas Ilves about that country’s austerity program.    Robert Siegel interviewed the librettist and composer on NPR yesterday:\n\nSIEGEL: I would sort of have expected you to have written this for a tenor and a baritone. But unexpectedly, for me at least, the two characters – Paul Krugman and President Ilves of Estonia – are both sung by the same mezzo-soprano.\n\nBIRMAN: Right. Well, the mezzo-soprano is somebody I’ve worked with before and she’s, I think, one of the greatest talents in Estonia as a dramatic singer. And my idea – my sort of inspiration to set these words was not so much to make some kind of argument, but to have the singer portray the people themselves who are stuck in this – between these two sides.\n\nSIEGEL: Now, one writer observed that the entire exchange between Krugman and Ilves consisted of a 70-word blog post with chart, and then four tweets. Puccini had a lot more to work with when he sat down to write “Tosca,” let’s say.\n\nBIRMAN: Well, one could write an opera, a full-length two-hour opera, using just this content, in my opinion. Because, in a way, why is the story interesting? To me it’s interesting because we have been discussing this ever since 2008, 2009 – what to do and how to get out of this, and we’re still not out. And the story is being written as we go.\n\nThe opera has its debut on April 7 in Estonia.\n\nHere’s what I presented on Friday in Cambridge:\n\n\nAnd here’s what I presented on Saturday in Chicago:\n\n\nAs usual Ethan Iverson gets his subject to talk about music at an accessible but still sophisticated level and also to open up about some really interesting stuff.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEI:  He has this truly incredible facility at the instrument.\n\nFH:  Oh, he does.\n\n\n\n\nFH:  And sound great.\n\n\nThe abstract:\n\nThis is a line-by-line analysis of the second verse of 99 Problems by Jay-Z, from the perspective of a criminal procedure professor. It’s intended as a resource for law students and teachers, and for anyone who’s interested in what pop culture gets right about criminal justice, and what it gets wrong.\n\nFor example:\n\nE. Line 7\n\nSo I pull over . . . At this point, Jay-Z has been seized, for purposes of Fourth Amendment analysis, because he has submitted to a show of police authority. He has thus preserved his Fourth Amendment claims. If you are stopped illegally and want to fight it later, you have to submit to the show of authority. In this case, if the police find the contraband, he’ll be able to challenge it in court. Smart decision here by Jay-Z.\n\nThe full paper is here, I thank the organic Troy Kravitz for the link.\n\nFrom an interview in Rolling Stone:\n\n\nEthan Iverson has an excellent series of posts on the ironically-named Thelonious Monk Piano Competitions and the incentives, perverse and otherwise, they create.\n\nMy argument against competitions is basically same thing. To my ears, there had been an astonishing amount of agreement about what jazz really is in most youthful swinging jazz since 1990. That agreement was one reason I rebelled against it. I just couldn’t see it as the jazz tradition — not my jazz tradition, anyway. I was delighted to be lifted out of the discussion entirely by Reid Anderson and David King in 2001.\n\nIt is crucial to remember that my writing on DTM reflects my own experience, passions, and blind spots. On Twitter and in the forum, several competition veterans said they played exactly how they wanted to play, in a non-conventional manner, and won anyway.\n\nKudos. I could have never won a competition. Indeed, my joke about playing “Confirmation” in front of Carl Allen was loaded with my own fears. Even though I’ve recorded “Confirmation” twice, with Billy Hart and Tootie Heath, I still wouldn’t want to play that in front of a bebop jury. Forget it! You couldn’t pay me enough.\n\nI would push him on the basic economics:  as long as there is a scarcity of gigs there will be competition in some form.  Is it better for that competition to be formalized or to play out in the market alone?  If winners gain notoriety and then gigs, and if judges reflect the preferences of audiences then formal competitions can save a lot of rent-seeking.  I suppose the more cynical take is that judges have arbitrary standards and winning a contest merely turns the winner into a focal point around which venues and audiences coordinate attention.  But if audiences’ tastes are that malleable is this really a loss?\n\n\n\n\nAnd here it is, realized:\n\n(Porkpie pirouet:  Adriana Lleras-Muney)\n\nA week-long series of blog posts at NPR the best of which come from Jeremy Denk. His opener:\n\nPreternaturally happy, cheerful, perfect, organized, clean, boring, popular: I guess the case I’m making is that the Goldbergs are the Martha Stewart of Variations. And like Martha Stewart, you don’t totally absolutely mind if they end up going off for a little while to a very clean and nice prison (sorry Martha, I’m just following the metaphor, I don’t really mean it) so you don’t have to see them being perfectly organized all the time, making a mockery of your unclean life. Maybe a show of hands: who would like a short moratorium on performances or recordings of the Goldbergs, so we could all hear it freshly again? Who will be the first pianist to unilaterally disarm? (Not me!)\n\nLet’s revise the Martha Stewart metaphor. The Goldbergs are like a friend you have who always does everything right. This friend always answers his emails, keeps a clean house, has a kind word for everyone, behaves properly at concerts, writes thank you cards, grooms himself assiduously, knows how to tie a tie, never eats Burger King at 2 AM, and never ever writes silly blog posts saying he hates pieces he really loves. He’s an example to the world. He’s smiling at you over drinks, listening as always with benevolent patience, and you realize through your gritted hateful envious teeth that he is certainly not your enemy, and what would it hurt to admit, you wouldn’t want to face life without him?\n\nJaapi jab:  DoTheMath.\n\n  1. It can happen that the sensory input you experience over a short interval of time makes no sense to your brain until some last thing happens which reveals the theme and gives context to everything that came before.  At that moment your brain goes back and reprocesses everything that just happened in order to make sense of it.  The feeling is like experiencing a whole chunk of time condensed into one moment together with the satisfying feeling of resolution that comes from making order out of chaos.  Musicians use this trick to great effect.\n  2. It’s less of an insult to say someone is “disingenuous” than to say she is a liar.  But we all know that the meaning is exactly the same.  Disingenuous is a more obscure word and there is less common knowledge of its meaning. Given two words that are synonymous is it generally true that the one with the more nuanced connotation is also the one that is longer, rarer, more obscure?\n  3. In almost all Western music every note begins and ends K/2^n units of time after the last note for some integers K and n.  Isn’t that rather limiting?\n  4. A nurse at my kids’ pediatrician tells them she will count to three before giving them a shot but she actually gives the shot at the count of 2, surprising them.  It seems to make it less painful.  How does that work?\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThis is an absolutely fantastic article, I highly recommend it.\n\n\nThe article goes into great detail about the creative process.  They are clearly master craftspeople.  Once they have a hit, they find a star to give it to.\n\n\nYou might think that a story like this will confirm your cynicism about pop music but in fact it will make you appreciate it much much more.\n\nThis is a beautiful instrument, invented only 10 years ago.  I want one.  For more music from Manu Delago, including tour dates with Bjork (!), visit his web site.\n\nHe plays drums, he has a blog,\n\ni am in a world title fight with a mid life crisis and im kicking its fu#$%$ing ass. i weigh 171lbs (4 lbs less than when i graduated from high school with a 1.9 grade point average) which means i’m trim and ripped and i drive a 1976 mercedes benz with a little more than a little rust on it because i drive it in minnesota winters and its only really worked for a little while but i look like a pbs, nova, paper chase watching mother fucker in it. I WILL ASK THIS ONLY ONE MORE TIME!!! DOES ANYONE WANT TO WRESTLE ME??? ive been watching college wrestling late at night on cable and wait………does anyone say “cable” anymore?? side note: i want to bring back the innocence of motel signs that say “free HBO” on them. I think it would be funny if i stood outside a courthouse with an old motel sign that said free HBO and just check out the reactions. you know…as in HBO should be let out of jail. IM SURE I CAN GET A GRANT FOR THIS. THIS IS POST MODERN.\n\nand there is a new movie about him, called King For Two Days.  I think the title means that it follows him for two days but not necessarily that the movie is two days long, although I haven’t checked to be 100% honest with you.\n\nThis is worth your Friday (or your employer’s as the case may be.)  Check out Jarrett playing/talking Bach (1:30ish), Manfred Eicher’s take (5:10ish), Keith Jarrett listening to Jack DeJohnette and Gary Peacock playing a piano duet! (7:00ish), KJ’s hippie brother (14:00 ish), small hands (3:45ish on part 2), obligatory squeaking questions (6:15 part 2), Miles Davis (part 3), Koln (halfway part 3), Chick Corea (end of part 3-part 4), playing soprano sax (middle part 4), American quartet (end part 4), European quartet (part 5), chronic fatigue (part 6).\n\nThanks to Tobias Schmidt for the link.\n\nComedians are loath to follow a better act.  But musicians not so much.  Definitely not academics.  Why?\n\n  1. Comedy is more vertically differentiated.  It’s really funny, just a little funny, or not funny.  The subject matter adds another dimension but that’s not so important for the ultimate impact.  Music is more horizontally differentiated.  So the opening act can be really good at what they do, but you can still please the audience if you’re not quite as good but do something different.  On this score academics are more like musicians.\n  2. Laughs are physical.  You only have so many of those to give in a night. Wheras good music has the effect of putting you in a mental state that makes you more receptive to even more music.  Here academic talks are more like comedy.  The audience gets taxed.\n  3. Headlining musicians always degrade the quality of the opening act by giving them less stage space and limited lighting and other effects.  In large conferences academics do the same thing by distinguishing the “plenary” talks from the rest.  (Get this:  in Istanbul this summer I am giving a semi-plenary talk.)  There is no obvious way to do this for comedy.\n  4. Music is played by groups, comedians are always solo.  Somehow the head-to-head comparison is less exact for groups.  Solo singers are probably more reluctant to follow better singers than groups are when following other groups.  Academics get to blame their backstage co-authors.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n  1. The Bad Plus are going into the studio next week.\n  2. The price of his masterclass is rising from Free to $20 per three-hour session.\n  3. If you live in Seattle you can see The Bad Plus play with the Mark Morris Dance Group Dec 1-3\n\nand more.\n\nConsider an infinite-horizon decision problem consisting of a sequence of beats. Each beat is divided into two eighth notes and you have to decide when to play them.  If you have standard exponential discounting you will evenly space your beats through time.  You will play a classical rhythm.  But if you are what behavioral economists call a hyperbolic discounter and you have present bias, you will procrastinate the first eighth note.  But then in order to complete the beat you will need to play the second eighth note in quick succession.  This pattern will repeat through time.  You will play a swing rhythm.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEthan Iverson has the rundown.  Some highlights:\n\n6) My Old Man (Joni Mitchell): “Blue”, a masterpiece, turned me upside-down when it came out in 1971. Her lyrics, way with harmony, her chord progressions and the uniqueness of her voice are unsurpassed. She is one of the great setters of text of all time. I had a hard time trying to figure out these chords as a high-schooler!\n\n11) If I Were A Bell (Miles Davis): This is the record (“Live at the Blackhawk”) that made me want to play jazz as my life’s work. Wynton Kelly’s comping under Miles’ and Hank Mobley’s solos, his energy and time feel and the live-ness of the recording are still great to listen to today – so direct and swinging.\n\n12) 1 X Love (Charles Mingus): This is the record that made me want to be a jazz composer. It sounds like Ellington on acid.\n\n15) Old Devil Moon (Ahmad Jamal): This trio (with Israel Crosby and Vernel Fournier) is one of the two greatest of all time (the other being Bill Evans, Scott LaFaro and Paul Motian). Ahmad had the most beautiful sound and touch of any jazz pianist – and his sense of drama and arrangement is unsurpassed.\n\n19) Serpentine (Earth, Wind and Fire): My favorite soul/R&B band had the most killing grooves – and many of their songs carried social messages as well. Played by real musicians, not machines.\n\n27) Nancarrow: Study for Player Piano #1: He became frustrated that live musicians couldn’t play the complex rhythms he imagined, so he composed for the player piano. His off-kilter – yet tonal – style really appeals to me. I wish I could play like this!\n\n\n\nThe voice is the most expressive musical instrument and it also is the most directly connected to the creative engine.  Shouldn’t it be the premier instrument for improvisation?  That would be scat.  Indeed scat is the most expressive form of improvisation but it is not very popular.  A trumpet solo carries us along but scat just sounds weird.  Why is that?\n\nThe words “scat” and “virtuoso” leave Google cold.\n\nCould it be that a big part of what we appreciate about improvisation is the awesome physical skill that comes from training on an external instrument?  Scatting is too easy.\n\nCould it be akin to the uncanny valley?  Audiences feel uncomfortable watching animated characters that look too similar to real people.  Is scatting too much like singing?\n\nWhy are vocalists not using electronics to digitally transform their voice into something that sounds more less like a voice.  Then they could utilize the expressiveness and fluidity of the voice and fool the audience into thinking it was an instrument.  Autotune?\n\nWould it be more attractive if the scat made sense?  Why are there no vocalists who take written lyrics and then improvise them into a melody?\n\nListen to Clark Terry.\n\nIf someone could make a trumpet sound like that they would be heralded as a genius.\n\nJeff’s Twitter Feed\n\n\nJoin 2,149 other followers", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5268614292144775}
{"content": "The 50-Year Disaster of Government Trains, Buses, and Streetcars by Daniel Bier\n\nToday, Less than 2% of Trips Use Public Mass Transit.\n\n\nThere, in a nutshell, you have a short history of mass transit in America. CEI’s Marc Scribner explains,\n\nFollowing decades of excessive local government fare regulation that led to a terminal decline in the private mass transit industry, government began taking over the responsibilities performed by now-bankrupt private mass transit companies following the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964.\n\nOver the span of a decade, the mostly-private mass transit industry was replaced by government transit monopolies.\n\nAs a result, for the last several decades, government at all levels has spent trillions on mass transit, subsidizing fares, expanding lines, and building vast new rail systems. Today, transit consumes more than 25 percent of all surface transportation funds (which mostly come from non-transit users through gas taxes).\n\nWhat was the result of this tidal wave of taxpayer cash?\n\nDespite receiving more than one-fourth of the funding, mass transit still represents less than 2 percent of trips taken nationwide. Even when one looks only at commuting, where trains and buses do best, mass transit’s national mode share is less than 5 percent — down from more than 6 percent in 1980.\n\nThat’s right: after receiving a massive and disproportionate share of taxpayer funding, totaling trillions of dollars, transit’s share of commutes declined.\n\nBut government transit monopolies keep lobbying for more and more funding. They claim the real problem is that public transit systems haven’t been expanded enough to draw more people into using them. Scribner calls this theField of Dreams theory: “If you build it, they will come.\n\nThe problem with this theory is that it’s bogus. Research from Steven Polzin shows that the capacity of transit networks, including buses, streetcars, and trains, has nearly tripled since 1970, while absolute ridership has grown by just a fraction of that. Transit trips per capita have been dead flat since the 1970s.\n\nPolzin writes, “Supply has grown far more rapidly than demand for the past several decades. This is a report card on productivity that mom and dad would hardly be proud of.”\n\nMeaning: we built it; they didn’t come.\n\nScribner concludes,\n\nThe trillions spent on mass transit have given governments many more empty buses and trains, but very little in terms of additional ridership. …\n\nMass transit can serve a very important, albeit narrow, purpose for people in limited settings. There is a reason that 40 percent of all US mass transit trips take place in the New York City metro area.\n\nBut it is wholly irresponsible for politicians to continue mass transit’s taxpayer gravy train, which is based on less substance than Kevin Costner’s dramatized auditory hallucinations.\n\nWhen the next flashy transit project comes to your town, remember to be skeptical. Proponents of light rail, streetcars, and other hugely expensive projects routinely overestimate how many people will use the line and underestimate how much it will cost to build and run. Decades of evidence shows that if you build it, people will still probably drive — and you’ll still be stuck paying for it.\n\nDaniel BierDaniel Bier\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.985546350479126}
{"content": "Won't count my steps\n\nI connected my Fitbit but it isn’t counting my steps and I synced it and everything but it won’t count them does anyone have any tips or instructions on how to do it?\n\nHi, @Coolwipthetulip thank you for reaching out. Please make sure you’ve uploaded steps from your Fitbit device to your ‘dashboard’ or your ‘Fitbit app’ before entering Pocket Plants.\n\nIf it still doesn’t work, you can try to revoke Pocket Plants’ access in your Fitbit’s privacy dashboard. You’ll get a popup asking for authentication once you enter Pocket Plants after you have done that.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9535013437271118}
{"content": "Realizing IPB University as Techno-Socio Entrepreneurial University\n\nThe Long-Term Plan of the IPB university is the realization of IPB University as a Techno-Socio Entrepreneurial University. Through the new view of IPB 4.0 with the tagline Race in Excellence to Shape IPB Future and Program Emphasis in 2019, namely the Excellent Innovation Ecosystem, the direction of the development of IPB University is very much in line with the strategic issues we are facing today. There are two challenges that are our main concern at present. First, the global community is facing the problems of the food, energy, and environmental crisis, which then have a further impact on the quality of human life. Responding to this problem, the United Nations (UN) endorsed the global goals contained in the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) which were prepared through the agreement of leaders of countries in the world.\n\n\nMarhaban Yaa Ramadhan. How do we interpret the wisdom of fasting in multi dimensions? At least there are four important dimensions of the results of doing Ramadan fasting at both individual and social levels, namely the dimensions of spiritual intelligence, physical intelligence, emotional intelligence, and social intelligence. First, is the dimension of spiritual intelligence, which emphasizes the importance of a transcendental divine relationship. The foundation of fasting is faith and indeed fasting is commanded only to those who believe so the sound of QS Al Baqarah 183 is \"Yaa Ayyuhalladzi na aamanu\" and not \"yaa ayyuhal muslimun\". Therefore the intention of fasting should be based on faith. As the Hadith of the Prophet said \"Whoever fasts for faith and sincerity will be forgiven of his previous sins\". So faith is the main capital of fasting, and fasting is also intended to increase faith. With fasting, the capital of faith will continue to grow. The mechanism of increasing faith is reflected in the intensity of worship dema\n\nAt a Glance the Rebranding: \"IPB University\"\n\nBeginning in 2019, the name of the Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) was changed to IPB University. This new name was born from the long process of IPB's rebranding activities. Why is rebranding important and why is IPB University chosen as the new brand name?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9669186472892761}
{"content": "Hi Ludo, I am willing to work on this. I use fish as my login shell and noticed some more funky behavior when I tried to use fish-foreign-env. It looks like fish.cpp still uses widestrings. So the references to old store paths I think become stale, if I understand the rest of the conversation. I will do some more research on fish semantics and see what might be done. Thanks, as always, John", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5096651315689087}
{"content": "BatchFlow: a framework for ML development\n\nAlexey Kozhevin\nFeb 15 · 7 min read\n\nAs work on a data science project starts, you write code to get acquainted with the data, test hypotheses and train a baseline model. At some point, this code needs to be organized in a way that allows experimentation and collaboration on project code. In this case, the BatchFlow library can come to the rescue to conveniently structure the code and implement data processing as pipelines.\n\nBatchFlow is an open-source Python framework to deal with data handling, ML model training and all related things. One can use the library for constructing very clear and expressive pipelines that describe:\n\n  • data loading and processing\n  • model training\n  • validating of the model\n  • inference\n  • metrics computation\n\nThe framework also includes a variety of methods for image processing and ready-to-use architectures of neural networks in TensorFlow and PyTorch. Moreover, BatchFlow has a convenient interface for running parallel experiments on multiple GPUs.\n\nThis article begins a quick tour of BatchFlow functionality. For a more detailed description, see documentation and tutorials.\n\nFull-featured example\n\nConsider the example of the BatchFlow usage where we train and validate a model to segment images from PASCAL dataset. It may seem long but it is clear and self-explanatory.\n\nThe code is well structured and can be easily read and edited. Pipeline describes the way each batch passes: from data loading to model training/evaluation. It is a lazy description and computations will only be executed after run call.\n\nWhy bother with creating yet another library?\n\nOur main focus is the development of applied libraries: SeismiQB, SeismicPro and PetroFlow for geological implementations, RadIO, CardIO for medical applications and others. BatchFlow serves as a common base and contains functionality common to all tasks: creating batches, chaining methods into pipelines, item-wise parallelisation for processing, training models, etc.\n\nEach library takes advantage of this functionality and adds task-specific methods, such as loading seismic data in SEG-Y format for SeismiQB or heart signal processing methods in CardIO.\n\nThere are many similar frameworks. Take a look at the short comparison:\n\nAs mentioned before, we focus on applied libraries that can be implemented by any interested party. So BatchFlow defeats existing libraries due to the fact that it can be understood and utilized from scratch, since:\n\n  1. BatchFlow allows you to store almost all data processing and model methods in a single pipeline, rather than splitting it up into separate parts implemented using different libraries.\n  2. It contains a flexible instrument to configure ML models.\n  3. All projects have the same structure and style so it is very easy to start a new project and join a team as a new user, developer or even maintainer.\n\nHow to use BatchFlow\n\nOur framework has a well-organized hierarchy of classes which can be reused to add the functionality necessary for a specific task with minimal effort. Let’s consider the main classes from the point of view of the tasks that they solve:\n\n  • data loading and processing\n  • creating pipelines\n  • creating and training models\n  • pipelines profiling\n\nHow to work with datasets\n\nOften you deal with huge datasets and batches have to be created on the fly from the persistent storage. For example, satellite images can take tens of gigabytes. With FilesIndex class you can create a unique index for each data item consists of paths to images:\n\nFilesIndex contains necessary methods to generate batches of indices to take items from dataset. When calling next_batch method, FilesIndex will produce batches of indices. For example,\n\nNote that index just defines the way to refer to data and create batches of item indices. Data will be loaded later when running pipelines.\n\nYou can use an index in the more complicated (and more probable) case when each item consists of an image and mask stored in one folder. To make an index from a folder just adddirs flag into FilesIndex creation.\n\nIf dataset can be stored in memory as an array (e.g. MNIST), each item can be specified by numerical index. DatasetIndex makes possible the work with them in a similar way.\n\nThus, DatasetIndex and FilesIndex are intended for data indexing and batch creation. If you need custom index class, this can be done simply by inheriting class from DatasetIndex or FilesIndex and implement the necessary features.\n\nHow to work with batches\n\nIt’s not enough to load batches to train model, they must be processed in some way (e.g. augmenting it or retrieving certain parts). Batch class contains transformations to be applied to batch. In order to define specific methods for your data which can be chained into the pipeline:\n\n  1. create a class inherited fromBatch or else from ImagesBatch and use predefined methods to load, process and augment images\n  2. add method decorated with action\n\nYou can use the decorator inbatch_parallel to process batch items in parallel:\n\nAction some_method gets an index of the batch item and returns a processed value. Batch items will be handled separately depending on the parameter target which specifies a parallelization engine: threads, async, mpc or for. Thus you can define processing of one item of data without any thoughts about the splitting of the batch. Parallelism is implemented using Python with all the ensuing consequences.\n\nBesides, you can chain into pipeline methods from the current namespace. In the PASCAL example, we define process_mask method to transform labels.\n\nHow to make pipelines\n\nPipeline is a way to chain Batch and standard actions (e.g. init_model, train_model). For example, let’s describe pipeline that loads and augments batch:\n\nIt was mentioned in the example that all the actions are lazy. They are not executed until their results are needed, for instance when you request a processed batch. Actions load, rotate and scale is defined in ImagesBatch and we use them to load and transform images.\n\nThe attentive reader might notice that the pipeline will augment data not so perfectly good: each item will be transformed in the same way so we don’t add diversity to our dataset. To fix this, parameters must be sampled randomly.\n\nClass R (means “Random”) is needed for sampling a new angle and new scale factor from uniform distributions for each batch. We also use the parameter p for action application to batch items with 80% probability. Now parameters will be randomly sampled but each item will have the same values. Let’s fix it.\n\nHere we add the wrapperP (means “Parallel”) to make augmentations correct and each batch item will have its own sampled parameters. As batches will be created only when calling the run method of a pipeline, an instance of the batch doesn’t exist on the pipeline creation stage and even the batch size is not known. That's why parameters can’t be sampled immediately and you have to define the way for sampling them when batch will be created. BatchFlow includes many wrappers (so-called named expressions) to refer to objects that exist only at the pipeline execution stage.\n\nYou can split the pipeline into logical parts and then sum them.\n\nAs we said previously, pipeline describes computations lazily. To execute all of them, callrun method. Bitwise left shift joins dataset to the pipeline.\n\nDataset represents a collection of elements and knows how to create batches of them using DatasetIndex/FilesIndex and how to process batches with Batch-inherited class.\n\nHow to define and use the model\n\nYou have prepared pipelines, described loading and processing batches but how to put them into models? Don’t worry, BatchFlow includes predefined (not pretrained) model zoo written in TensorFlow and PyTorch. It’s enough just to import and train the most used architectures, for example, VGG, ResNet, ResNeXt, DenseNet, UNet, EfficientNet and many others.\n\nThe first example in that paper shows how to use UNet class. Model initialization and training actions in the pipeline can de defined in the following way:\n\nIn the simplest case, model config includes only hyperparameters to configure the output of the network but it also can include many other things. You can even define the entire architecture with just a model config.\n\nB is a named expression as R and P and used to define inputs of the model. Inputs are defined in that way because batches will be created only at the pipeline execution stage.\n\nHow to profile pipelines\n\nSometimes batch methods can be written inefficiently and become a bottleneck. To solve that problem, add profile=True into run of your pipeline. As a result, you will get a detailed report with execution times of each action in pipeline.\n\nWhat else can BatchFlow do?\n\nYou got to know the main ideas and structures of the library but it is the only tip of the iceberg. BatchFlow you also can:\n\n  • speed up training process in several ways by multiple GPU utilisation,\n  • prefetch batches,\n  • perform multiple parallel experiments with ML models,\n  • use monitoring tools to check resources utilisation,\n  • easily construct complex sampling schemes.\n\nArticles about this functionality will be published and linked to this section.\n\n\nWe introduced BatchFlow library intended to make the development of ML models easier and clearer by using self-explanatory pipelines. It provides necessary instruments to\n\n  • refer to dataset items and create batches,\n  • organize processing methods in a convenient way using class Batch,\n  • implement within batch parallelism,\n  • create pipelines,\n  • use predefined TensorFlow and PyTorch architectures,\n  • profile pipelines to find performance bottlenecks.\n\nThus the library can help to produce a structured and reproducible code when you work on ML projects.\n\nData Analysis Center\n\nMachine learning for Oil and Gas Exploration. Advanced methods to locate oil deposits\n\n\n\n\nGet the Medium app\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7640717029571533}
{"content": "5% growth rate in 2021? Just an illusion!\n\nAnthony Budiawan Managing Director of Political Economy and Policy Studies (PEPS)\n\nIO – Indonesia’s economy contracted  in  2020.  In  other  words,  the country  posted  negative  growth. On  a  year-on-year  basis,  growth in the second and third quarter of 2020 was recorded at -5.32% and -3.49%, respectively. Cumulatively, growth by the end of September 2020 was -2.02%.\n\nThe recession persisted. GDP growth in the fourth quarter is estimated to be still in negative territory, which may bring 2020 full-year growth to -2.5%.\n\nBuffeted by the Covid-19 storm which has only got worse, the government projected that the economy in 2021 will grow by 5%. Many experts believe this is mere wishful thinking—an illusion! Like asking for the moon. What factors could possibly boost the economy to 5% growth rate in 2021? It almost beggars belief.\n\nPerhaps this figure was picked up from an international institution predicting Indonesia would see a V-shaped recovery. This means that the economy in 2021 will skyrocket, with GDP growth of at least 4.5%.\n\nNow, let’s look at the 2020 economic performance. As of the end of September 2020, Indonesia’s nominal GDP, sans exports and imports, was down by Rp468.4 trillion to Rp11,401.4 trillion from Rp11,869.8 trillion in the same period last year. This difference already accounted for fiscal stimulus, with a budget deficit of Rp682.1 trillion and an increase in government spending at Rp246.6 trillion.\n\nBy the end of 2020 (sans exports and imports), it was predicted to decrease even further, to Rp600 trillion, with a budget deficit of around Rp1,000 trillion and government spending at Rp2,550 trillion.\n\nAmid the downturn, the government said the economy in 2021 would grow by 5%. This means that the 2021 economy will be larger than that of 2020 and 2019. In other words, the economy in 2021 will increase by at least Rp1,000 trillion over that reported for 2020.\n\nThe question is, where will the additional Rp1,000 trillion come from? Public consumption? Fiscal stimulus (government spending)? Investment? Is it possible that the total sum will be Rp1,000 trillion? Despite all evidence pointing to the contrary, that it has yet to recover. In fact, it could get worse.\n\nFirst of all, the Covid-19 situation in Indonesia is getting worse. The positivity rate, namely the ratio of positive cases to the number of tests conducted, soared to above 20%. The public, especially the upper middle class, are increasingly worried about perceived failure of containment methods. While the first wave has yet to recede, a more deadly second wave awaits.\n\nSecondly, the failure to contain COVID-19 will lead to weak consumption for the upper middle class. This is the group with a strong purchasing power and a high savings rate. This will in turn hinder economic recovery, resulting in stagnating business and economy; this will in turn eventually hamper job creation.\n\nAt the same time, the purchasing power of the working class and the informal sector is still weak. The unemployment rate is high. Jobs are hard to find. This group is looking forward to fiscal stimulus and cash assistance to maintain their consumption.\n\nThirdly, the 2021 fiscal stimulus has no power to jack up the economy. It is not expansive enough. On the contrary, it tends to be shrinking. The 2021 budget deficit of around Rp1,000 trillion is relatively the same as the previous year. The interest cost is getting higher. It could range between Rp350 trillion to Rp375 trillion. And it will get worse if Bank Indonesia (BI) follows up on its plan to stop sharing the burden. This means that BI will no longer buy government bonds on the primary market at zero per cent interest rates.\n\nFourthly, the monetary stimulus is also ineffective, even contractive. Interest rate for commercial loan is still high. Non-performing loan is 2020 was actually quite high but it appeared to be papered over through the ‘credit relaxation’ policy. This means that customers can delay the payment of due interest and installments until mid-2021 without being considered defaulting on their loan.\n\nHowever, most customers will not be able to pay interest and installments by 2021. If they are forced to do so, there will be a massive contraction. Public money will be sucked into the financial sector. The economy will crash. It looks like the ‘credit relaxation’ should be extended. Otherwise, bad credit and collateral seizure will accumulate.\n\nOn the other hand, if ‘credit relaxation’ policy is continued, the financial sector will lack liquidity as receipt on interest and installment payment are further delayed. In this case, the government must bailout the financial sector. Government debt will increase. A dilemma!\n\nIn addition, high interest rates will prevent consumers from spending on investment goods such as motorcycles, automobiles, property, TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc.\n\nSixthly, corporate investment depends on the level of public consumption. If consumption is stagnant, companies will not be able to increase their production. They will hold off expansion. They will freeze hiring new workers. So, don’t expect corporate loan to grow. They are currently in excess capacity, so expansion is the last thing on their mind.\n\nOngoing monetary policy with relatively high interest rates is counterproductive, as it will hinder economic recovery and hamper the effectiveness of fiscal policy.\n\nLastly, the trade balance and current account in 2021 will worsen. Imports in 2021 may increase due to the sharp fall in imports in 2020. Therefore, exports minus imports in 2021 will slash economic growth by at least half a percentage point.\n\nDomestic and external debt are exerting pressure on fiscal resilience. The need for foreign debt is growing. On the other hand, global creditors are increasingly hard to come by. The government will pursue multilateral and bilateral loan agreements more aggressively. If the ‘doping’ fails, the rupiah exchange rate can slide. Depending on the amount of deficit, the exchange rate could return to Rp16,000 per US dollar or even higher.\n\nSo, with all due respect, where will the 5% growth rate come from?", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999873042106628}
{"content": "Car Tips for Winter: 9 Things to Do to Maintain and Keep Your Vehicle Safe\n\nWinter is one of the most dangerous times of the year for drivers. But inconvenient terrain isn’t the only thing to watch out for.\n\nCar maintenance is much more involved during cold weather months. Here are 9 car tips for winter you need to know to keep your car safe.\n\n1. Start Your Car\n\nSustainability is all the rage. People look for alternative methods of transportation to simplify their commute and help the environment.\n\nBut during the winter months, you don’t want your car to be left unused for too long. The gas can go stale and your tires will begin to develop flat spots.\n\nThe best way to keep your engine in tip-top shape is to start your car every few weeks. It’s the best way to keep fluids in good condition.\n\nAim to keep your car running for around 15 minutes so that it has a moment to warm up and run at a normal temperature for a few minutes. It’s not necessary to actually drive it around, but if you can take it on an errand or two, it couldn’t hurt.\n\n2. Use Your Garage\n\nIt’s no secret that garage kept cars are just better than other vehicles. They have less paint damage and issues with humidity.\n\nBut garage kept cars also help your car weather the winter with ease. If you’re interested in keeping your car protected from the elements this winter, consider keeping it in your garage instead of parking in the driveway.\n\nIt might leave you with more work in case you need to shovel snow later, but it’ll protect your car from things like hail damage and rapid changes in temperature.\n\n3. Check Fluid Levels Regularly\n\nIt’s a good idea to keep fluids in motion during the winter. When you drive your car in the cold, you are helping to keep the engine lubricated.\n\nYou’re also helping to prevent water from freezing in your fuel pump. Make sure you consistently use your windshield wiper fluid so it doesn’t go bad during the winter.\n\nCheck your fluid levels regularly to learn opportunities to refill fluids before you’re potentially stranded on the side of the road.\n\n4. Get Your Battery Tested\n\nBatteries are testy in the winter. You have to check on your battery often during the winter to make sure it’s in stable condition.\n\nThe easiest way to check the condition of your battery is using professional battery testing equipment. You can usually get your battery tested at an auto parts store or by visiting a credible mechanic.\n\nIn addition to testing the strength of your battery, you also need to check your battery’s fluid levels each month. Avoid removing any cables or caps unless you’re skilled at replacing them.\n\nThese parts can create problems in your car’s ability to transmit power. You definitely want your battery in top-notch condition before pursuing any car alarm installation.\n\n5. Check Tire Pressure Each Week\n\nOne of the most important car tips for winter you should follow is making sure your tires are well inflated each day. Underinflated tires are dangerous.\n\nYour car’s tire can suddenly lose pressure leading to a flat. Expect your tire pressure to drop automatically when the temperature drops.\n\nOn average, your car tire pressure drops a pound in pressure with every 10 degrees in a temperature drop. Keep your tire pressure high to avoid premature wear and tear.\n\nWorn down tires can mean losing traction on slippery roads when the streets ice over. Most cars have a tire pressure display on the menu to show you current tire pressure levels.\n\n6. Keep Fuel Levels High\n\nKeep at least one half tank of gas in your car during the winter months. The first reason is obvious.\n\nYou could break down or have car trouble that leaves you on the side of the road for hours. Running out of gas can be dangerous if temperature levels aren’t below safe levels.\n\nYou want to keep your car warm while you wait for help. This is especially true if you’re planning a road trip.\n\nMake sure you’ve looked up gas station stops before setting out so you don’t run the risk of running out of gas in the middle of nowhere.\n\n7. Raise Windshield Wipers\n\nWindshield wipers are often overlooked in car tips for winter. This is because they aren’t essential to cold weather driving.\n\nThe exception is if you live in an area that regularly gets snow and ice. Windshield wipers are vital to maintaining high visibility when driving through snow.\n\nLeave your windshield wipers raised every night so they don’t end up freezing onto your windshield.\n\n8. Add a Coat of Wax\n\nDid you know that a coat of wax can help protect your paint from things like hail and salt from the road? Try adding a coat of polymer wax before the onset of cold weather in your area. You can often last the entire winter season on one coat of wax.\n\nCombine your wax paint job with high-pressure car washes following each winter storm that includes snow, sleet or grime. Make sure you include hard to reach areas like wheel wells and underbody.\n\n9. Get an Oil Change\n\nThe oil in your car can go bad over time. It’s a good idea to pay attention to how the cold weather affects your oil quality.\n\nDuring winter, your car’s oil gets thicker meaning it’s harder to circulate through the engine. This puts a strain on your motor which impacts the other systems in your car.\n\nNavigating Car Tips for Winter\n\nThe most important car tips for winter protect you from non-weather related emergencies. If you can follow these preventative tips, you’ll be less likely to find yourself in an avoidable emergency.\n\nSome emergencies are worsened when you’re careless with simple maintenance like keeping a full tank of gas. But you can easily skip these setbacks by keeping your car in top condition.\n\nFor more information and tips, visit our blog for updates.\n\n\nPranesh Balaji", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5168624520301819}
{"content": "Karl Marx’s work “can be explained in five minutes, five hours, in five years or in a half century”, wrote French political thinker Raymond Aron.\n\nEssay, Use multiple resourses when assembling your essay, Get help form professional writers when not sure you can do it yourself, Use Plagiarism Checker to double check your essay, Do not copy and paste free to download essays. [2] After he died, his friend Engels finished many of his works. The economy is the base and therefore all other structures are influenced and organised by the economy and the economy is their foundation of the society. The Prussian state is not based on Christianity and it thus cannot be considered “theocratic” in any sense. Karl Marx was a philosopher who believed that capitalism was flawed and that socialist economic approaches would yield better results.\n\n\nKarl Marx (1818-1883) was a German philosopher and economist who became a social revolutionary as co-author of \"The Communist Manifesto.\" As has been mentioned earlier in the introduction, Marx was a materialist.\n\nHe has aspirations to teach Religious Studies and World Religion. The most pressing for any theorist of religion is that Marx had a very limited understanding of religion despite his various strong claims.\n\nDual and double consciousness also exist in such a society in the sense that peoples behaviour is influenced by what others think, as a result it becomes distorted and usually have a negative image of themselves, they perceive themselves wrongly (Roodt, 2013: lecture notes).\n\nCelebrate our new issue with a year in print for just £10.\n\nMarx accepted Christianity conventionally during his school and youth days but later came to reject Christian belief on philosophical grounds while at the University of Berlin. Materialism provides a simple and economic perspective, which appears most compatible with our experience and observations. A person does not live as an island, and thus the notion of materialism accommodates that there are always environmental, physical factors that will always shape a person, for example religion, the Roman Catholic church in the movie titled Daens (Connix, 1992), they reinforced stratification and oppression thus shaping the social structure and the way the people view things.\n\nOur political systems alienate those subject to its decisions and threaten to stymie any socialist government that comes to power. Marx further charges that religion is little more than the “fantastic realization of human essence” which “has no true reality.” By the time Marx was making these charges, he was seeking to overthrow an oppressive regime. It is humanistic because in it Marx treats with primacy the ideas of human worth, development, capabilities, and freedom. a. free market c. socialism b. communism d. capitalism For Feuerbach, man’s obsession with religious imaginings is a result of his division or alienation from his own true being. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. CRITICALLY ANALYSE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN ACTION AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN MARX’S WORK. Das Kapital describes how \"capitalism\" works and the problems this creates, such as division of labour, alienation and exploitation. He believed that no economic class—wage workers, land owners, etc. Marx could not take into account demographic realities which suggest that his use of “Christianity” and “Judaism” are ill-conceived constructs. Religion also survives because the ruling social class encourages its preaching, especially that of Christianity given its ethic of submission. For idealists, the ideas of the mind constitute the essence or fundamental nature of all reality. James obtained his BTh with cum laude, and is currently pursuing his postgraduate in Religious Studies.\n\nView all posts by James Bishop, […] of religion for at least two reasons.\n\nApartheid, Group areas act.\n\nMarx believed that everyone should contribute what they can, and everyone should get what they need. While Marx wrote on a great number of topics, his work on economic theory is most well known, and his economic theories continue to serve as a framework for various discussions. Change ). The book is about the ideas and aims of communism. The base of the superstructure shapes the superstructure (education, family, religion, mass media, politics etc. )\n\nFirst, it could be argued that this is not necessarily obvious for Christianity despite its sophisticated doctrines pertaining to the afterlife. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. There’s a widespread recognition on the US and European left that our democratic institutions are failing.\n\nKarl Marx placed so much emphasis on the economic structure and how it influenced the rest of the social structure from a materialistic point of view. His ideas are called Marxism.\n\n\nThe claim states that, the human brain or consciousness shapes a person (Roodt, 2013: lecture notes). For example, it is not clear that Marx’s theory of religion predicated on its emergence from the suffering and oppression is necessarily applicable to the religions of other contexts.\n\nAs a result of these, Marx suggests that in order for change to come about, a class struggle has to first take place.\nMarx’s Conventional… ), The Secret Science of Solving Crossword Puzzles, Racist Phrases to Remove From Your Mental Lexicon.\n\nHe does not attempt to disprove the existence of God or the supernatural, but rather chooses to embrace a historical materialist approach to reality and human experience.\n\nProtestant Ethics And Spirit Of Capitalism Pdf, North Shore Hospital, David Otunga Age, Greensboro Monarchs Jersey, Madeline Thelton Wikipedia, Taylor Cain Matz, Leader Of Essex County Council, Daniel Murphy High School, Somersault Swimming, Kew Gardens, Mike Trout Contract, Leopard Seal Prey, So You Think You Can Dance 2019 Judges, How To Change Privacy Settings On Twitter To See Sensitive Content, Wizard101 Death, Hold My Girl Instrumental, John Murphy Linkedin, Barcelona Vs Inter Milan 2010 Full Game, Behavior Genetics Psychology, Dylan Bundy Fantasy 2020, Pocketbook Analyse, English Quiz For Beginners, Caves Of Steel Trilogy, Javan Rhinoceros, Espn Fantasy Baseball Projections,", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.904998242855072}
{"content": "Texty písní Traffic John Barleycorn Must Die Stranger To Himself\n\nStranger To Himself\n\nSkrýt překlad písně ›\n\nStruggling with confusion, disillusionment too\nCan turn a man into a shadow, crying out from pain\n\nThrough his nightmare vision, he sees nothing, only well\nBlind with the beggar's mind, he's but a stranger\nHe's but a stranger to himself\n\nSuspended from a rope inside a bucket down a hole\nHis hands are torn and bloodied from the scratching at his soul\nInterpreti podle abecedy Písničky podle abecedy", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.7623814940452576}
{"content": "Quick Answer: Which Of These Is Not Mentioned In Tender?\n\nWhat are the contents of minutes?\n\n\nWhat should be included in meeting minutes?Date and time of the meeting.Names of the meeting participants and those unable to attend (e.g., “regrets”)Acceptance or corrections/amendments to previous meeting minutes.Decisions made about each agenda item, for example: Actions taken or agreed to be taken.\n\nNext steps..\n\nWhat is a tender letter?\n\nThe term “tender letter” refers to your offer to let the insurer handle the defense of the third party claim. … First, as discussed in an earlier post, an insurer may deny or delay coverage on the assertion that it did not receive a timely and correct notice of claim or tender of defense.\n\nWhich of these is not mentioned in a skills profile?\n\nWhich of these is not mentioned in a bio-data? Explanation: Career aim is usually mentioned in a skills profile and not in a bio-data. Name, address, telephone number and references are mentioned in a bio-data.\n\nWhat are tender notices?\n\n\nWhat are 3 types of business letters?\n\n\nWhat are your hobbies?\n\n\nWhat is type of tender?\n\n\nWhat is difference between bid and tender?\n\n\nHow do I prepare a tender document?\n\nOver and above the requirements stated in the tender, the bidder should follow some critical rules when preparing the documentation as follows:Cover Everything Asked. … Executive Summary. … Illustrations & Graphics. … Detailed Project Costing. … The Team that will Execute the Tender. … Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) … Client Need.More items…\n\nWhat is tendering and types of tendering?\n\nAn invitation to tender is issued to prospective suppliers, tenders are prepared and returned, a preferred tenderer is selected and following negotiations they may be appointed. … Other types of tender include serial tendering, framework tendering and public procurement.\n\nWhich of these is the most common type of business letters?\n\nExplanation: Letters of enquiry are the most common type of business letters.\n\nWhat is your salary expectation?\n\n\nHow do you write a tender notice?\n\nHow to Write a Tender NoticeA complete description of goods and services to be obtained.Conditions of tender, stipulating the terms and requirements to meet.An outline of the criteria used for evaluating submitted tenders.Format on how a tender notice letter should be presented once submitted.More items…\n\nShould names be mentioned in minutes?\n\n\nHow do you write good minutes?\n\n\nWhich details are not mentioned in minutes?\n\nThey must have details like the name of the organization, day, date and time of meeting, venue, etc.. 8. Which of these details are not mentioned in minutes? Explanation: Minutes must have the following details: Name of organisation, day and date of the meeting, venue of the meeting, name of the chairman, etc..\n\nWhat is not mentioned in resume?\n\nThe perfect answer to the “tell me something about yourself not on your resume” interview question is short and positive. Avoid negatives or unrelated personal stories. Focus on your strengths, on why you want the job, or on something great about the company. Keep your answer under 30 seconds.\n\nWhat are the two main types of business letters?\n\nHere are some of the most commonly used types of business letters:Cover letters. Cover letters accompany your application when applying for a new position. … Letters of recommendation. … Interview follow-up letters. … Offer letters. … Sales letters. … Letters of commendation. … Letters of resignation.\n\nWhat are the 3 types of letter?\n\nGrammar Clinic: Summary of the 3 Types of Letters {Formal, Informal and Semi-Formal Letter} You can find four basic elements in both formal and informal letters: a salutation, an introduction, body text and a conclusion with signature. The salutation is also known as the greeting.\n\nWhat is the best answer for Tell me something about yourself?\n\n\nHow is tendering done?\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9994568228721619}
{"content": "ADHD Testing for Children & Adults in Fort Lauderdale\n\nDoes your child have trouble paying attention and get easily distracted?\n\nYou're tired of constantly reminding your child to get tasks done. You've become a nag and you don't like that about yourself. You've wondered, ‘How can my child play video games for two hours straight, but getting them to finish fifteen minutes of homework seems like torture? You're tired of getting the phone calls from school letting you know they forgot to bring homework to school, lost their books, or misplaced personal belongings. \n\n\nMaybe your child get side-tracked or have difficulty finishing chores, homework, or schoolwork. You've noticed that they have a hard time starting or finishing tasks that require sustained effort or seem boring. Maybe you've noticed that your child makes careless mistakes in schoolwork or other activities...\n\n\nMaybe it's a huge challenge getting your child to sit still or stay quiet when they are expected to do so. It's almost like they seem to run around with an endless amount of energy. You've also noticed that they have a hard time waiting in line or waiting for their turn.\n\n\nMaybe you're frustrated, because they talk incessantly and are constantly interrupting conversations at home or at school. Your child's teachers complain that they disrupt others in class or that they blurt out answers during class. Maybe you've even gotten complaints that they have a hard time keeping their hands to themselves. \n\nYou've wondered if your child has ADHD, but you've never actually had them properly evaluated by a psychologist. You've talked to their pediatrician or teachers about the possibility of ADHD and are ready to find the answers. \n\nYou've come to the right place.\n\n\nWe can help you find the answers and get a road map for success by meeting with our expert psychologist who can provide an ADHD evaluation. Contact Dr. Heather Kuhl, LMFT at (954) 391-5305 ext. 4 today to discuss how ADHD testing can help your child or teen have greater academic success and a happier home life as well! \n\nDo difficulties with attention or hyperactivity interfere in your personal and professional life?\n\nYou've noticed that friends and coworkers constantly say, “You never listen.” You find yourself having difficulty remembering important details and forgetting deadlines at work. You get easily overwhelmed by responsibilities at work and/or home leaving you feeling stuck not knowing where to start.  \n\nMaybe you frequently misplace important things needed for daily tasks such as your keys, phone, wallet, or eyeglasses. Perhaps you have difficulty organizing and planning for future events or activities. Maybe you have trouble keeping personal or workspace organized.\n\nMaybe you make impulsive decisions that get you in trouble personally or professionally. People often complain that you interrupt them or intrude in conversations. Maybe this leads to problems with relationships at work or home?\n\nPerhaps you feel restless and have a hard time winding down. Are you fidgety and have trouble sitting still? Is it difficult to wait your turn or stand in long lines? Perhaps you’ve wondered if you have ADHD?\n\nHelp is here!\n\n\nOur psychologist can perform an ADHD evaluation to give you answers and develop a personalized game plan to help you succeed personally and professionally. Contact Dr. Kuhl, PsyD, LMFT today at (954) 391-5305 to schedule ADHD testing and take the first step to finding success at work, home, and in your relationships.\n\nYou’re not the only one...\n\nAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in childhood. More than 9% of children are diagnosed with ADHD, with higher prevalence for boys than girls with a ratio of 3:1.\n\n\nDuring the adult years, men are also more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD when compared to women with the overall rate estimated at approximately 4.4%. However, this is believed to be an underestimate as most child with ADHD are at risk to carry the diagnosis into adulthood. Interestingly, only 25% of adults with ADHD are diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. \n\n\nADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which is a disability related to the brain. ADHD affects brain development contributing to deficits with the brain’s executive functions including the ability to focus, shift attention, resist impulses, practice self-discipline, start and finish tasks, and recall important details. As a result, children and adults with ADHD may also have difficulties with relationships, managing emotions, planning and organizing, and following through with instructions.\n\n\nThere are three subtypes of ADHD which involve symptoms of inattentiveness, hyperactivity or impulsivity, or a combined presentation which involves symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. However, there are a variety of other mental health conditions that involve difficulties with focus, restlessness, impulsivity, emotional regulation challenges, or relationship problems. Therefore, without proper diagnosis, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, learning disorders, or even autism spectrum disorder may be diagnosed as ADHD.\n\n\nThe good news is, there is help! There are treatments and therapies to help children and adults manage symptoms of ADHD and find success. The first step is getting an accurate diagnosis.\n\nHow can ADHD testing help?\n\nThere is not one test adequate to assess for ADHD. While checklists my indicate the need for testing, they should not be used as a sole decision maker. As previously noted, because many other mental health conditions may mimic symptoms of ADHD, thorough testing can provide you the answers you need.\n\n\nADHD testing is a comprehensive process that starts with an initial interview. This is a through interview where the psychologist with ask about developmental history, social history, medical history, familial history, psychiatric history, academic and/or occupational history, and other important areas of functioning.\n\n\nTesting involves completing a variety of tests assessing abilities such as attention, memory, executive functioning, intellectual functioning, academic functioning, and emotional testing. In addition, for child and teens, parents and teachers are asked to complete questionnaires to provide collateral information about challenges at home and school. For adults, when appropriate, parents or a spouse may be helpful to provide additional information.\n\n\nCollecting this amount of data will help the psychologist identify strengths and challenges, arrive at a proper diagnosis, and develop a game plan with suggestions and recommendations to help you or your child thrive. ADHD testing is the answer you are looking for.\n\nYou deserve success!\n\nDon’t let the symptoms of ADHD get in your way any longer. There are solutions! Getting a clear diagnosis is the first step. \n\n\nImagine getting the tools you or your child need to learn how to stay focused, get organized, and finish things started. Imagine getting the skills needed to finally overcome obstacles in your life. Let us help you on this journey!\n\n\nTo schedule and evaluation today, call Dr. Heather Kuhl at (954) 391-5305.\n\nHave Questions About the Testing and Evaluation Process?\n\nCan I go to my pediatrician or general practitioner to get diagnosed?\n\nWhile medical doctors often make a diagnosis of ADHD, they often base this off of a brief history and a checklist for ADHD. Medical doctors often do not consider that a child or adult may have difficulties with attention and focus because they are overwhelmed by anxious thoughts or consumed with worry. Similarly, restlessness and fidgetiness may be due to anxiety.\n\n\nFurther, one of the diagnostic criteria for depression is difficulties with concentration. On the other hand, restlessness and impulsivity are common is ADHD but also in Bipolar Disorder. Lastly, a child may struggle to focus in class and finish work if they have a Learning Disorder in math, reading, or writing.\n\n\nTherefore, a short checklist or brief interview will not provide the information needed to tease apart these symptoms. ADHD testing will consider these possibilities and provide an accurate diagnosis based on multiple sources of data.\n\nThis sounds time consuming, how can I fit it into my busy schedule?\n\nCompleting an ADHD evaluation is time consuming, but it’s time well spent. The initial interview typically lasts 60-90 minutes with testing scheduled on three or more sessions. Each testing session lasts approximately 3 hours for a child and up to 5 hours for an adult. After testing, it takes approximately 3 to 4 weeks to finalize the report. A final feedback session will be scheduled to review the report together to ensure all your questions are answered.\n\n\nTo accommodate children from missing school and busy professionals from missing work, testing is available on Saturday and Sunday. Call Dr. Kuhl today at (954) 391-5305 to schedule your appointment!\n\nRecent Posts: ADHD Testing in Fort Lauderdale\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9216369986534119}
{"content": "Hitachi VB16Y 8.0-Amp Portable Variable-Speed Rebar Cutter / Bender\n\nPrice: $2,499.99\nProduct prices and availability are accurate as of 2021-05-08 20:16:24 UTC and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.\nIn Stock.\n\n8 Amp motor, iintense power (530W) that it uniformly bends up to No.5 (3/8\", 1/2\", 5/8\") Grade 60 rebar at a maximum angle of 180 degrees Variable speed trigger with safety lock provides manual-like precision and control over the bending speed Reference markings on bending plate provide for easy position adjustment Precision angle bends are preset and completed in just seconds (cut: 3.1 seconds, bend: 5.1 seconds) for consistency With the turn of a pre-set dial, bends can be made in a variety of angles Extremely low profile design (18.4\"L x 8.5\"H x 9.1\"W), yet extremely stable 39.7 lbs, portable design facilitates maneuverability and ease of use\n\nWrite a Review", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.8726373314857483}
{"content": "A Story for Your Christmas Dinner Table\n\nWhile our volunteer receptionist, James, responded to phone calls on behalf of FARSB, he received a pressing message from a woman named Charity. In the voicemail, she expressed that she was a young mother without food or presents for her children just days before Christmas. James could hear the urgency in her voice. He immediately called her back to see how he could best utilize FARSB’s resources to help. James was only able to leave a voicemail at the time but was hoping she would call back soon.\n\nAs the morning passed, and a number of other phone calls went through, James continued to hope Charity would get back to him. He planned to call again before the end of the workday if he didn’t hear back. Later, James got another call from a company that had just finished a toy drive. The company had an abundance of toys yet no feasible way to distribute them due to the pandemic.\n\nJames immediately saw this as an opportunity to help Charity give her children a holiday experience that she feared she would be unable to provide just hours ago.\n\nJames told the company representative of a partner agency that would happily take the toys but urged the representative to make a call to a woman named Charity before they proceeded to call the partner agency. He shared that Charity was a mother who was experiencing financial hardships and would be very grateful to receive toys for her kids this holiday season. James was uncertain if the company would keep their word in calling Charity first, but thought to give them the benefit of the doubt.\n\nAbout an hour later, James finally received a call from an interpreter on behalf of Charity. James had not realized Charity was hearing impaired. As he was informing Charity's interpreter of the many food resources available to Charity in her community, the interpreter asked James to hold as another call was coming in.\n\nJames waited for several minutes, and finally, Charity’s interpreter got back on the line, happy to share that a local company had called to offer gifts to the children. James was thrilled to see his efforts come full circle. The same company James had spoken with earlier had kept their word, and the kids could now eat and enjoy the holiday with some new toys.\n\nCharity was grateful for the gifts, but even more grateful that James provided at least a dozen food distribution sites within a reasonable distance that could provide ongoing food assistance.\n\nWhile a growing number of Inland Empire families are seeking food assistance, especially during the holiday season, FARSB is committed to helping to alleviate hunger. If you are in need of food or know someone who does, visit the Get Help page or call (951) 359-4757.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5013670325279236}
{"content": "Living in Finland\n\nThe Roma in Finland\n\nShare with your friends and colleagues\n  • 203\n\nApril 8 is the International Roma Day. The day celebrates Roma culture and raises awareness of issues that face the Roma people. \n\nThe Ministry of Interior of Finland recommends that governmental institutions raise the Finnish flag on this day. They also recommend that if the institution has multiple flag poles, they also raise the Roma flag. \n\nIn this blog post, we go over the significance of this day for the Roma people and give you a short introduction to the Roma in Finland.\n\nIn our previous blogs, we’ve discussed the Independence Day of Finland (Dec 6) and the Sámi National Day (Feb 6)\n\nThe Roma\n\nDepending on the source, there are about 10 to 12 million Roma in Europe. They are the largest ethnic minority in Europe. There are also Roma in North America. \n\nThe Roma of today are said to be the descendants of people who left northern India in repeated migrations between 400-1100 AD. The first written sources of Roma in Europe date to the 14th century.\n\nThis understanding of Roma history, however, is mostly based on studies of the Romani language that is related to the Indo-Aryan languages of Northern India. \n\nThese days the Romani language is divided into varieties each consisting of additional dialects. In addition, some Roma speak mixed languages that are based on the surrounding language but retain Romani-derived vocabulary. In 2015, UNESCO declared November 5th to be the World Day of Romani Language. \n\nHistorically, the status of the Roma in Europe has been very poor. They have constantly been discriminated against. They’ve faced very strict assimilation and forced settling policies. During the Holocaust, the Nazis murdered an estimated 400 000 Roma.\n\nApril 8th was declared the International Roma Day by the fourth World Romani Congress of the International Romani Union in 1990. The day honors the first major international meeting of Romani representatives held in 1971.  \n\nThe Roma flag has a blue and green background. The blue represents heaven, spirituality, freedom, and eternity. The green represents the earth. It has a red 16-spoke cartwheel in the middle. This cartwheel refers to the itinerant history of the Roma and their origin in India. \n\n\nThe Roma in Finland\n\nThe Roma in Finland are an ethnic, linguistic, and cultural minority group that has long historical roots in the country. The first historical references to Roma in Finland date to the 16th century. \n\nThe Roma in Finland are Finnish citizens and speak Finnish as their native language. About a third also speak the Finnish Kalo Romani dialect although a larger percentage understand it. \n\nThe current estimates are that there are about 10 000 Roma in Finland. A few thousand Finnish Romas also live in Sweden. Their exact number is unknown because Finland doesn’t register the ethnicity of its citizens and residents. This is, however, the number the Roma in Finland themselves use. \n\nSome aspects of Roma culture\n\nWhat differentiates the Roma in Finland from the kaaje (the non-Roma Finns in the Finnish Kalo Roman dialect) is their culture.\n\nThe Roma culture places a lot of emphasis on proper behavior. And what is proper differs in many respects from the Finnish majority culture. \n\nIt’s proper, for example, to respect one’s elders and those higher in status. This respect is reflected in spoken language, how elders are addressed. They are also, for example, offered food first. This respect also has spatial elements in that younger Roma should not live above older ones in apartment buildings. \n\nThe Roma also consider family to be very important. While in the majority Finnish culture family can be interpreted rather narrowly, for the Roma the interpretation is much wider. \n\nAnother major feature of Roma culture is the emphasis on cleanliness or purity. Cleanliness is important both symbolically and in actuality. And the symbolic aspects of cleanliness are intertwined with actual cleanliness. \n\nFor example, in this interview, Mertsi Lindgren and Metsi Medi Ärling explain how a spoon that has fallen off the kitchen table onto the floor may be thrown out rather than washed. The floor is unclean and therefore the spoon has become unclean as well. The cleanness of the spoon cannot be restored by washing. It has touched the symbolically, but not necessarily actually, unclean floor and therefore it has become symbolically unclean as well. \n\nIntertwined with respect and cleanliness is modesty. For us non-Roma, that shows for example in the way Roma are most often dressed. With arms and legs and even ankles covered (a bit more about the Roma dress below). \n\nModesty and the concept of cleanliness also affect speech in that certain unclean words and topics of conversation are avoided. \n\nAs with any group of people, there are variations in the way Roma families and individuals follow and interpret these sorts of general cultural rules and customs. \n\nFor us non-Roma, however, noting the centrality of cleanliness/purity, both real and symbolic, in Roma culture makes it easier to understand many aspects of their traditions and practices.\n\nHistory of discrimination\n\nThe Roma in Finland have encountered different types of discrimination, oppression, and assimilation policies throughout history. \n\nIn modern-day Finland, the Roma face discrimination in a variety of situations. \n\nAccording to, for example, the non-discrimination ombudsman of Finland, discrimination the Roma face often means being denied services altogether, only receiving limited services. or getting the service under worse terms. \n\nThey also face discrimination in the housing market and in the employment market. \n\nOne rather recent very visible information campaign called “Työnimi” highlighted this problem. This campaign enlisted four well-known and well-established Finns from different fields to apply for jobs in their fields. They used their own current CVs but changed their names into Roma-sounding names. \n\nAltogether they sent 54 job applications. They received 17 rejections and not a single call-back within the time limit of the experiment (one month). Two potential employers approached one of the female applicants, “Tamara”, after the experiment had formally ended. \n\nInternational Roma Day celebrations in Finland\n\nThe Roma in Finland celebrate the International Roma Day online this year. The main event will be broadcasted online from Savonlinna starting at 5 pm. You can follow the programming on YouTube.\n\nThe Roma youth work also organizes an event on Facebook in honor of the day. That event you can find here.  \n\nMore about the Roma in Finland\n\nMost of the resources about the Roma in Finland are in Finnish. The easiest ones to access are web pages by different Roma organizations in Finland. Here are some of them:\n\nThere are a number of interesting studies available online that examine different aspects of Roma culture and history in Finland and the discrimination they face. There are, for example, a number of interesting MA studies on the Roma in Finland. But should you want a good bibliography to start from, this Finnish language article looks at the history of Roma studies in Finland. \n\nHere I want to highlight one particular thesis because I mentioned the Roma dress code only in passing above. Arja Laatikainen’s thesis from 2009 looks at how the traditional dress of Roma women in Finland has changed from the 1960s onwards. It contains brief descriptions of the different parts of the dress. \n\n\n\nFollow me\n\nShare with your friends and colleagues\n  • 203", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9885352849960327}
{"content": "PhD in neuronal circuit development and evolution, CIG, UNIL (CH)\n\n>>>Link to the job add<<<\n\n\nUnil is a leading international teaching and research institution, with over 5’000 employees and 15’000 students split between its Dorigny campus, CHUV and Epalinges. As an employer, UNIL encourages excellence, individual recognition and responsibility.\n\n\nProf. Richard Benton ( at the Center for Integrative Genomics at UNIL is seeking a PhD student with a strong background and interest in neurobiology, developmental genetics and molecular biology.\n\nJob information\n\nExpected start date in position : 01.04.2021 / to be agreed\n\nContract length : 1 year, renewable, max 4 years\n\nActivity rate : 100%\n\nWorkplace : University of Lausanne, Dorigny\n\nYour responsibilities\n\nHow do new neuronal circuits evolve?\n\nWe approach this question in the olfactory system of Drosophila. Olfactory pathways are one of the most dynamically evolving parts of the nervous system: animals frequently acquire (and discard) olfactory receptors, circuits and odour-evoked behaviours with the ever-changing landscape of stimuli in their environment. The evolutionary flexibility of olfactory systems is reflected in their modular organisation: in insects (as in vertebrates), most individual olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) express just one olfactory receptor gene, and the axons of OSNs expressing the same receptor converge on discrete regions of neuropil (glomeruli) within the primary olfactory centre, where they synapse with second-order neurons. The numbers of olfactory receptors vary widely across species, with concordant diversity in the number and organisation of OSNs and glomeruli in the brain.\n\nUsing developmental genetics, single-cell sequencing and circuit tracing methods in the Drosophila peripheral olfactory system, our lab is studying:\n\n(i) the mechanisms and evolution of olfactory receptors’ singular expression properties,\n\n(ii) how novel populations of OSNs arise through changes in patterns of neurogenesis and developmental programmed cell death, and\n\n(iii) how OSN populations are segregated to distinct glomeruli to form unique sensory channels in the brain, and how these guidance mechanisms are modified to create new glomeruli. The mechanisms and molecules we characterise are likely to be relevant for understanding circuit formation and evolution in other brain regions and species.\n\nThe specific PhD project will be developed together with the successful candidate in one of these topics, depending upon their interests and expertise.\n\nRelevant references:\n\nRamdya and Benton, Trends Genetics (2010) 26(7):307-1\n\nChai et al., Nature Communications (2019) 10(1):643\n\nArguello et al., bioRxiv (2020) doi:10.1101/2020.07.08.191528\n\nPrieto-Godino et al., Science Advances (2020) 6(11):eaaz7238\n\nAlthough most of your time will be dedicated to your research project, you will also be involved in undergraduate teaching (e.g., practical class preparation, literature reading classes).\n\nYour qualifications\n\n  • A Master’s degree in molecular biology, genetics, developmental biology and/or neurobiology\n  • Strong interests/skills in molecular biology, genetics, bioinformatics, developmental neurobiology\n  • Excellent scientific writing, communication and interpersonal skills, self-motivation and independence\n\nWhat the position offers you\n\nYou will be supervised by Prof. Richard Benton, in a diverse, dynamic and international research laboratory. The working language is English.\n\nThe Center for Integrative Genomics encompasses 15 research labs investigating diverse fields related to functional genomics and offers state-of-the-art experimental facilities. Beyond the training in the host laboratory, numerous possibilities exist at UNIL for further professional education (e.g., in bioinformatics, imaging, soft-skills, career development).\n\nContact for further information\n\nInformal requests for information can be made by email to:\n\nYour application\n\nTo apply you must upload as a single pdf document:\n\n  • a CV, including your grades, and the name and contact details of 2-3 referees\n  • a motivation letter in English describing (i) your past research experience and (ii) your scientific interests, and how they are a good match for the host laboratory\n\nDeadline : 31.01.2021\n\nOnly applications through the University of Lausanne job portal will be taken into account (this website).\n\nWe thank you for your understaning.\n\nAdditional information\n\nUNIL is committed to equal opportunities and diversity.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9978254437446594}
{"content": "Putting a price on carbon to control emissions more effectively\n\nTaxe sensible aux émissions\n\nIn France, alongside the construction sector, the transportation sector accounts for the most CO2 emissions, namely approximately 30% of national emissions. Due to the climate emergency, around 80 countries made a commitment to the UN to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions significantly by 2050 or even 2030, under the Paris Climate Agreement. The carbon tax and carbon emission quotas are economic measures aimed at making polluters pay in proportion to their emissions (the polluter pays principle) and ultimately to steer companies’ and citizens’ behaviours and decisions towards a reduction in polluting emissions. Although many countries claim to be willing to apply an emission-sensitive tax, in 2018 only 21 countries and two Canadian Provinces had actually introduced an environmental tax on CO2emissions.\n\nLearn more / Download\n\nWhat scale of implementation?\n\n  • National\n\nWho pays?\n\n  • Taxpayer\n\nWhat secondary benefits for the community?\n\n  • CO2 emissions mitigation\n  • Modal shift toward less carbonized modes / behaviours\n\nOther solutions to discover:\n\nDroit d'usage infrastructure : la vignette\n\nInfrastructure usage rights: an analysis of the Eurovignette and the Swiss vignette\n\nThe road usage charge is often implemented through the display of a vignette (sticker) which gives the holder the right to use all or part of the road network.\nPéage urbain de Singapour\n\nSingapore and the issurance of a quota of licences to finance mobility\n\nIn 1990, to mitigate vehicle traffic and contain the growth of road infrastructure, Singapore rolled out several measures: a city toll (Electronic Road Pricing) and the Certificate of Entitlement (COE). The latter measure aims to control and limit growth in the number of vehicles in circulation.\nVoiture électrique en charge\n\nKilowatt-hour fee: taxing electricity consumption in mobility\n\nAs the proportion of electric vehicles in circulation increases, the tax shortfall will also grow, making the use of a charge on the use of electric vehicles inescapable. Several solutions can be considered. One such solution would be to tax vehicle electricity consumption by importing the current fuel tax model.\n\nLa Fabrique de la Cité\n", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.697039008140564}
{"content": "A walnut veneered coffee table with a deep rich patina. The table is raised on 4 reeded legs and housed two handy drawers which feature handmade dovetail joints and show off two pairs of delightful original wooden knobs.\n\nThe table would grace any room as a small central coffee table with pleasuring dimensions\n\nIt appears to have been treated well but has a couple of defects worth mentioning. One is that the back right legs does not sit precisely straight and is situated slightly turning inward. This does not affect the way the table sits on the floor and is purely aesthetic. Secondly, the top has previously had a repair where a diamond shape of wood has been inserted, this does not affect the overall beauty of the table\n\nHeight - 45cm\n\nWidth - 105cm\n\nDepth - 49cm\n\nAntique Walnut Coffee Table", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9988218545913696}
{"content": "Inquire - The neck pillow - 2000\n\n\n70’s Krautrock and German 90’s progressive, influenced, by the most important bands in Anglo-Saxon neoprog, are, in my view, the most rigid styles in the progressive genre, with a tendency to musical advance in single large steps, few concessions to melody, and an abundant use of synthetic or electronic sounds. That makes this prog-rock a somewhat cold experience. And when I say \"cold\" I do not want you to read something negative, but something different, full of importance, but which maybe requires from us a subtle shift in our hearing sense from what the intense melodies we are used to. Maybe it is our Latino-Mediterranean character…who knows!!.\n\n\nSo… it seems to me that you already guess the origin of the group of which I would like to speak now. Let me present, which I find, an excellent example of the German progressive genre, a band with a number of positive elements that shows the quality level of one of the countries (Germany) that is more in love with the progressive, Inquire. They present us their second work, arranged and produced by themselves. A second album that merges in a masterful way the best and darkest moments of key neoprog bands such as IQ, Pallas or Marillion, with a completely unmistakable and immaculate sound in monumental developments, where the memories of Eloy are constant. A band that experiences a quite significant change from their first CD, Within, released in 1999. A very well arranged album more directed toward \"old\" Neoprogressive structures. \"The Neck Pillow\" is a more elaborated and compact album, with ingredients that give them one of the biggest virtues in progressive, an own personality.\n\n\"The Neck Pillow tells the strange love story of two unusual individuals that fall inside society and search for an escape from the destruction of ordinary life\".\n\nA sentence that inspires the album, developed from an idea extracted of the movie Die Bettwurst (The neck pillow in German) and that gives sobriety to the CD. A concept that transforms into dark musical developments, with a suspense touch and darkness of very attractive progressive \"thriller\". A band that advances in a very leisurely way, maybe slow, that shows a surprising precision and lets us appreciate clearly each musician's work. With Dieter Cromen (guitar, voices, bass), Robert Köhler (keyboards), Thomas Kohls (battery, percussion) and Uli Mückenheim (bass).\n\nA good example is their first track \"Die Bettwurst\" (20:44) where the sound of gulls recreates a port where the two main characters meet, starting from then the great progressive machine. The guitar of Dieter Cromen dominates a great puzzle where pieces are added with a crushing forcefulness, great intensity, with dark voices that make us shiver, and moments of more dynamism where they give more speed creating developments closer to conventional neoprog The work of Thomas Kohls to the drums is excellent, marking the time of a song that touches in many times silence and in others delirium in intensity. A piece that in spite of its length, doesn't become long. Keyboards help from a decisive way to the creation of atmospheres, and never sound in excess. I already tell you, it seems an album thought and created by architects, where nothing lacks and everything fits to perfection. \"Circles\" (17:39) follows the same pattern, although in this case guitars prevail with more intensity, being only beaten by a drummer that doubles with fierceness leaving moments of metallic fervor. The introduction of sample elements, in the form of a ghastly voice in some moments contributes to maintain our tension. This puzzle doesn't have as many pieces as the previous one, it is more lineal although not less interesting. \"The death of ase\" (2:28) opens a more lyrical parenthesis, with an intense melody by MrCromen riffing with intensity developing a beautiful song that abandons the darkness and adds some more melody. With \"Swidwin\" (7:09) we follow the trail of the previous song and we enjoy the richest melodies in the whole CD, with a melancholic flavor, and where the links of the music of Inquire with the bands that we mentioned in the beginning, as IQ, are shown. With a guitar sound a la Mike Holmes. By the way, the voice, always an important issue in the neo prog seas, is completely correct, potent but with control, without falling into dangerous strident moments. \"Die Bettwurst's second part\" (16:22) almost closes the album, and it is certainly the continuation of the song that opens up the CD. The resemblance is evident, although in this part rhythms are quicker and somewhat fresher. From the start, guitars are indefatigable, with more optimistic rhythms. The voice covers many passages with sobriety. A voice that is to highlight in relation to the first album Within, much more mature and even. The history doesn't finish badly at all, not leaving us a rough mouth flavor. \"Die Berliner Bettwurst\" (1:57) closes the album in a funny way with the voice singing a German traditional song, accompanied by the accordion and followed by the guitar.\n\n\nOnce finished, I wonder it is really worthwhile to follow the big neoprog bands as Arena or Pallas that in their last albums have only repeated the same \"cliché\". In my opinion what is needed is a good mace blow, so that, without letting neoprog disappear, the structures are shackled and rebuilt in a different way, to reinvent again the genre. And that is how Inquire has made this album. It is not risky, but it is completely different. A good album that requires patience, because with time it becomes more interesting.\n\nauthor - date - rating - label\n\nJordi Costa - June 2000 -   - Independent Release", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.5865988731384277}
{"content": "Another Sad Result of the Coronavirus\n\nGiven the terrible effects of the Coronavirus on patients and their families throughout the world and the damage done to our economy and that of the rest of the world, it is hard to imagine how much more damage it can cause.  But there is one additional damage that will become clear as we go forward in time.  The coronavirus is going to indirectly damage those who have been the victims of medical malpractice.\n\nCoronavirus: Dramatic photos show medics fighting on the front line -  Business Insider\n\nYou must live under a rock, if you don’t know what heroic work doctors and nurses on the front lines of treating coronavirus patients have been doing.  They have literally been putting their lives on the line to protect us from the virus and to help those who are sick.  Those who work in emergency rooms and ICU’s are appearing on television and are rightly being hailed as heroes by the media.  They are going above and beyond what we normally think of when we think of doctors and nurses.  Thank you to all of them.\n\nSo how does this relate to those who have been injured by medical malpractice?  As I have observed before, it is difficult for an injured person to obtain a verdict against a doctor or hospital.  Over the last decade or so, doctors and hospitals have won about 85% to 90% of all malpractice cases that went to trial throughout the United States.  That figure applies to Arizona cases as well.  This is true even when the evidence of malpractice is clear.  In other posts, I have talked about some of the reasons for this.  This problem is about to get monumentally worse for people injured by medical malpractice.\n\nJurors are people who are trying to do the right thing.  Being human beings, they are subject to the same subconscious biases we all are.  These subconscious biases affect the way they receive evidence in medical malpractice cases.  One of the most significant of these biases is the confirmation bias.\n\nWikipedia describes it in this way, “Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or strengthens one’s prior personal beliefs or hypotheses. It is a type of cognitive bias. People display this bias when they gather or remember information selectively, or when they interpret it in a biased way. The effect is stronger for desired outcomes, or emotionally charged issues, and for deeply entrenched beliefs.”\n\nWhen jurors sit in malpractice cases, they don’t give the same weight to all the evidence they receive.  Their prior beliefs act as filters to the evidence being presented by the two sides.  If evidence supports a belief the juror holds, that evidence is accepted and given substantial weight.  On the other hand, if the evidence goes against a belief, the evidence is either ignored or given only slight weight.  When jurors believe, as they will certainly do now, that doctors and nurses are “good guys” who are saving us from danger, they will be very reluctant to accept evidence showing that the doctor or nurse carelessly caused an injury to a patient.  It will be much easier for them to conclude that the injury was just one of those things for which no one was at fault or that there was some other explanation besides fault on the part of the doctor or nurse.   They may even resent the patient who comes in and seeks to show negligence on the part of someone who does so much for society.\n\nI expect that this favorable view of doctors and nurses will extend, not just to those who have served so heroically in this crisis, but to all doctors and nurses, no matter how far removed they were from the front lines.\n\nIt has been difficult for many years for victims of medical malpractice to obtain fair compensation for their injuries.  It is not going to get any easier for the foreseeable future.\n\n\nPosted in Doctors, Hospital Negligence, Hospitals, medical errors, Medical Malpractice, medical malpractice cases, medical malpractice claims, medical malpractice lawsuits, medical mistakes, Nurses, plaintiff, trial, Verdicts |", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.789184033870697}
{"content": "Repositioning & development of an operating model for a mixed-use resort in the Middle East\n\nIn a destination in which supply soared and prices declined, this mixed-use sport, family, and military resort lost more and more market share. By identifying the strengths of the property and the gaps in the market, G&B Travel and Hospitality chose fitting target market segments and repositioned the property on the market.\n\nAdditionally, a process efficiency analysis along the guest journey helped reduce time spent on moot tasks not adding value to guests from the target segments. By redesigning the operating model and governance structure with the holding company, further efficiencies were gained and synergies created.\n\nNewly positioned with an efficient and best practice operation, the resort is well placed to persist in a highly competitive market place.", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9999865293502808}
{"content": "Graphic helps identify what triggers you emotionally in relationships\n\nKnowing your triggers helps you manage your emotions.\n\nGraphic helps identify what triggers you emotionally in relationships\nvia Blessing Manifesting / Instagram\n\n\n\nIf you've survived trauma or live with a condition like borderline personality disorder (BPD), relationships can be difficult at first. You may find yourself suddenly angry at a friend when they decline a social invitation or feeling like you don't matter if your therapist says the wrong word in a session.\n\nThese intense reactions are usually triggered by an underlying emotion.\n\nYour friend canceling might make you feel unloved or lonely. The trick to managing intense emotions in relationships is identifying those triggers.\n\nInspired by a post Wyrick saw on social media from the Gottman Institute, which focuses on relationships, she created a graphic titled \"What Triggered Me\" to help you get to the bottom of what you're feeling.\n\nThe graphic includes phrases like, \"I felt powerless,\" \"I felt frustrated,\" \"I felt lonely\" and \"I felt forgotten\" to help you identify what you might be feeling in your relationships.\n\nBy pinpointing what you're feeling in the moment, you'll be able to communicate what you need more effectively.\n\nIn addition to her triggers list, Wyrick creates a wide range of charts, graphics, workbooks and tools to help you manage your mental health and prioritize self-care.\n\nHer work is bright and colorful on purpose to encourage people to think differently about mental health.\n\nRELATED: The first razor designed to shave other people is great news for millions of caregivers\n\n\"It can be difficult to talk about our mental health challenges,\" Wyrick told The Mighty. \"By sharing cute and colorful graphics I aim to make mental health topics less shameful and more shareable! The same thing goes for self-care. While self-care includes things like spa days and massages there are other aspects to it as well.\"\n\nWyrick's website, Blessing Manifesting, includes a variety of mental health- and self-care-themed worked. You can share one of Wyrick's self-care cat graphics or check out her self-care journaling prompts if you get stuck in your writing.\n\nShe also created a series of workbooks, including one for getting through a break-up and another for managing your anxiety. Wyrick said her favorite project is designed to broaden how we think of self-care, a self-love workbook and planner she has been creating for seven years.\n\nRELATED: 12 non-threatening leadership strategies for women\n\n\"The most impactful resource I've created so far has been my Self-Love Workbook + Planner,\" Wyrick said. \"There's a misconception around self-care being all about pampering and indulgence so it's important to talk about the other aspects like learning how to set social boundaries, discovering how to process emotions in a healthy way, and that reaching out for help sometimes can be hard yet worth it.\"\n\nBy creating engaging and helpful resources, such as the \"What Triggered Me\" list to help you identify emotional triggers in relationships, Wyrick hopes others will also be inspired to embrace self-care as an important aspect of supporting your mental health.\n\n\"I didn't fully understand how transformative self-care could be until it started to affect my anxiety and depression,\" Wyrick said. \"Learning how to love and care for myself on every level changed my life and I hope to inspire others to love themselves just as fully.\"\n\nThis article was originally published by our partners at The Mighty and was written by Renee Fabian.\n\n\nTemwa Mzumara knows firsthand what it feels like to watch helplessly as a loved one fights to stay alive. In fact, experiencing that level of fear and vulnerability is what inspired her to become a nurse anesthetist. She wanted to be involved in the process of not only keeping critically ill people alive, but offering them peace in the midst of the unknown.\n\n\"I want to, in the minutes before taking the patient into surgery, develop a trusting and therapeutic relationship and help instill hope,\" said Mzumara. Especially now, with Covid restrictions, loved ones are unable to be at the side of a patient heading to surgery which makes the ability to understand and quiet her patients' fears such an important part of what she does.\n\nTemwa | Heroes Behind the Masks presented by CeraVe www.youtube.com\n\nDedicated to making a difference in the lives of her patients, Nurse Mzumara is one of the four nurses featured in Heroes Behind the Masks, a digital content series by CeraVe® that honors nurses who go above and beyond to provide safe and quality care to their patients and communities.\n\nKeep Reading Show less\n\n\n\n\nKeep Reading Show less\nPhoto by Daniel Schludi on Unsplash\n\n\n\n\nPhoto by ismail mohamed - SoviLe on Unsplash\n\n\n\nKeep Reading Show less", "pred_label": "__label__1", "pred_score_pos": 0.9722505807876587}