History of Campus Demonstrations & Rallies

A guide detailing historical events on the campus of Eastern Michigan University related to student protest and demonstrations

Campus Demonstration records

For additional materials please review the Campus Demonstration records [04.CD]. The collection includes materials pertaining to the conflicts, protests, rallies, and movements at Eastern Michigan University. The bulk of the material is dated 1968 to 1970 and relates to race relations in the context of the Civil Rights movement, as well as anti-war/violence demonstrations in response to the conflict in Vietnam. Materials include correspondence, meeting minutes, clippings, pamphlets, and newsletters. Link to the collection finding aid here: http://goo.gl/WfDPBq

        The United States officially entered into the war in Vietnam in 1965, when President Johnson signing the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. From the beginning there was widespread opposition from American citizens about entering into the war. While fear of communism was strong, the Korean War was still in the American citizens’ minds. Many oppositions rose from the Vietnam War being the first “television war” or the first “living room war.”  For the first time footage of the war was being broadcast into the homes of American television viewers. While most of the footage was deemed “family-friendly” and was not particularly graphic, it did give Americans a glimpse into what was happening in a way they would not have otherwise seen. Most of the opposition and protest of the war in Vietnam came from America’s youth.

       The sixties and seventies were all about social progress and cultural change and it was the youth of America making the change. The youth in America had more power than ever before and they used it.  Peace, love, and freedom are the trademarks of the era and the Anti-Vietnam war protests that took place are perfect examples of this attitude. College students in particular had a lot to say about President Johnson’s and President Nixon’s policies concerning Vietnam and used their First Amendment rights to show their dissent. The students at Eastern Michigan University (EMU) were no exception: sit-ins, marches, strikes, rallies, guest speakers, underground newspapers, campus organizations, and other forms of protest were all methods in which EMU students and the nation used to showed their dissent with the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

Project Credit

The History of Campus Demonstrations guide was created by Aleesa Wright as part of her course work for HIST489L4.


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Question: Is Weight Gain A Side Effect Of Abilify?

Does Abilify affect you sexually?

Clinical Points Adjunctive aripiprazole is associated with modest beneficial effects on sexual functioning in some patients, especially women..

What is the best antidepressant for weight loss?

Does Abilify cause weight gain?

Does Abilify make you hungry?

Atypical antipsychotics may boost your appetite or change how your body uses energy. This may lead to weight gain. Sometimes, these drugs can raise your blood sugar or cholesterol levels. That can make it more likely that you’ll have diabetes and heart disease.

What can you not take with Abilify?

The following medications may increase the levels and effects of aripiprazole:The antibiotic clarithromycin (Biaxin®)Antidepressants, such as fluoxetine (Prozac®), paroxetine (Paxil®), and nefazodone.Antifungals, such as fluconazole (Diflucan®), ketoconazole (Nizoral®), and itraconazole (Sporanox®)More items…

What does Abilify do to a normal person?

Does 5mg Abilify cause weight gain?

In clinical trials of adolescent patients with bipolar mania, aripiprazole has been shown to be associated with weight gain after 4 weeks of treatment.

How long does 5mg Abilify stay in your system?

Can you lose weight while on antipsychotics?

Various interventions can help and a psychiatrist will be able to offer advice on these. Many people taking antipsychotics can lose some weight with simple changes to their diet and lifestyle. Losing even a small amount of weight can have important health benefits.

What is the most common side effect of Abilify?

Is 10mg of Abilify a lot?

Does Abilify make you feel high?

Among the resulting side effects are euphoria, increased orgasmic activity and pathological addictions that include compulsive gambling, shopping, binge eating and sexual behavior. While full dopamine agonists bind to the complete range of receptors, Abilify – a “partial” agonist – binds only to certain receptors.

How does Abilify make u feel?

Aripiprazole may make you feel very sleepy but may also make it hard to get to sleep. Sleepiness has been shown to affect young people more than adults. See how it affects you for the first few days of taking it.

Does Abilify calm you down?

Should I take Abilify at night or in the morning?

An increased suicidality risk was not demonstrated with antidepressants compared with placebo in adults older than 24 years of age should abilify be taken in the morning or at night a reduced risk was observed in adults 65 years of age or older.

Can you stop Abilify cold turkey?

Although this medication is not classified as addictive, your body may become used to having this drug in its system. As such, you should not stop taking this prescribed medication abruptly; see your doctor before reducing or discontinuing Abilify.

Can Abilify worsen depression?

Anyone who takes Abilify may be monitored by their doctor for new or worsening depression and suicidal thoughts or behaviors. If you’re taking Abilify, your doctor may also recommend that your family members also watch for any changes in your mood.

How much weight do you gain on Abilify?


Science - May 13, 2020

Compound in basil, fennel and aniseed harms DNA

Tessa Louwerens

Estragole, a compound that is found naturally in various herbs and spices, including basil, star anise and fennel, can damage DNA.

© Shutterstock

This could possibly lead to cancer, according to PhD candidate Shuo Yang in the Toxicology group. ‘Previous studies showed that estragole can cause tumours in rodents,’ says Yang.  ‘It has been banned since then as a food additive but it is still found naturally in various foodstuffs.’ Estragole is metabolized in the liver to form 1’-sulfoxyestragole. This metabolite binds to DNA, thereby forming what are known as DNA adducts. Yang: ‘If the adducts can’t be repaired in time by the cell, they accumulate in the DNA. That affects cell division, which can lead to cancer.’ However, Yang only looked at the effect on the DNA in her study, not at tumour formation.

Previous studies showed that estragole can cause tumours in rodents
Shuo Yang, PhD student Toxicology

Not repaired
It is known from previous research that these DNA adducts remain for a while and that they may not be recognized by the cell’s repair mechanism. Yang studied the structural changes that occur in the DNA’s double helix. To do this, she exposed rat liver cells to 50 μM of estragole. ‘This dosage is high enough to produce adducts but still low enough to be biologically relevant.’
In addition to cell analysis, Yang also used computer simulations to predict what would happen to the DNA if adducts were formed. ‘The simulation results were in line with the results from our cell experiments. We found that most of the adducts that were formed did not cause any obvious changes to the DNA structure. That may explain why the repair mechanism misses them.’

Tip of the iceberg
So no more basil on our pasta? The dosages Yang used in her experiments were much higher than the average daily intake. Even so, changes in the DNA can accumulate over time, especially if they are not being repaired. What is more, we are not talking about just one food component. Yang thinks this might be the tip of the iceberg. ‘We now know that estragole has a possible carcinogenic effect on liver cells. But our food has far more components that could trigger or inhibit the formation of adducts. I would like to investigate that interaction further.’

Also read:


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LED Egyptian Pyramid Light

Height: 5cm / 2 inches

Base: 6x6cm / 2.4x2.4 inches

The earliest temple obelisk still in its original position is the 68-foot (20.7 m) 120-metric-ton (130-short-ton) red granite Obelisk of Senusret I of the XIIth Dynasty at Al-Matariyyah in modern Heliopolis.

The obelisk symbolized the sun god Ra, and during the religious reformation of Akhenaten it was said to have been a petrified ray of the Aten, the sundisk. It was also thought that the god existed within the structure.

It is hypothesized by New York University Egyptologist Patricia Blackwell Gary and Astronomy senior editor Richard Talcott that the shapes of the ancient Egyptian pyramid and obelisk were derived from natural phenomena associated with the sun (the sun-god Ra being the Egyptians' greatest deity). The pyramid and obelisk's significance have been previously overlooked, especially the astronomical phenomena connected with sunrise and sunset: the zodiacal light and sun pillars respectively.


Which Is The Example Of Flow In Economics?

What is stock and flow with examples?

A flow shows change during a period of time whereas a stock indicates the quantity of a variable at a point of time.

Examples of stocks are: wealth, foreign debts, loan, inventories (not change in inventories), opening stock, money supply (amount of money), population, etc..

What is stock and flow resources?

Stock resources are resources that can be permanently expended, and are therefore non-renewable, and whose quantity is usually expressed in absolute amounts rather than in rates. … Flow resources are not permanently expendable, i.e., they are renewable, under usual circumstances; they are resources that are replaced.

What are the three main participants in a closed economy?

What is the best money flow indicator?

The best-known indicator in this category is Granville’s Obv. Later variations include Markstein’s volume price trend (Vpt) and the volume flow indicator (Vfi), which I introduced in my June 2004 Stocks & Commodities article (see “Suggested reading” at the end of this article).

How do you read money flow?

Positive Money Flow is the sum of the Positive Money over the specified number of periods. Negative Money Flow is the sum of the Negative Money over the specified number of periods. The Money Ratio is then calculated by dividing the Positive Money Flow by the Negative Money Flow.

Which is example of flow?

The definition of a flow is an act of moving or running smoothly, a movement of water or the continuous moving of ideas, stories, etc. An example of a flow is a steady movement through the development of a research paper. An example of a flow is the movement of a stream.

What is the other name of money flow?

What is another word for cash flow?takerevenuewagesbuncegategrossissuemoney receivedpayments receivedpurse141 more rows

Is GDP a stock or flow?

If all flows are instantly perishable, there would be no stocks. Thus, the stocks we see at any one point of time are what are left over from past inflows at various stages of depreciation. For example, GDP is a flow because it is the sum of all the flows during a year.

What is stock example?

Examples of Stocks in Play If Grandma’s has a total of 100 shares, and you buy 1 share, you now own 1% of the company. If Grandma’s becomes popular nationwide, hypothetically, the stock price will increase. If Grandma’s pies are deemed unhealthy, less people might buy the pies, resulting in a stock price decline.

What are the two main flows in an economy?

Money flow and real flow are the two main aspects of the circular flow of income economic model. Both refer to exchanges of goods and services for money, but the two concepts differ in how they refer to the opposite sides of these exchanges as they relate to individuals and companies.

What are the main flows in an economy?

Production, consumption and exchange are the three main activities of the economy. … Both production and consumption, in turn, depend upon exchange. Thus these two flows are interrelated and interdependent through exchange.

Is money a flow variable?

The weath of any economic unit is its assets (the things that it owns, including IOUs from other economic units) minus its liabilities (what it owes to other units). Wealth is measured in dollars at a point in time and is a stock variable. Saving is measured in dollars per unit time and is a flow variable.

Which one is not a flow variable?

National wealth is not an example of flow variable. It is a stock since it is measured at a point of time. National wealth is not time dimensional. It is not measured over a specified period of time like flow.

What’s another word for capital?

SYNONYMS FOR capital 4 principal, investment, assets, stock.

What is a flow in economics?

Thus, a stock refers to the value of an asset at a balance date (or point in time), while a flow refers to the total value of transactions (sales or purchases, incomes or expenditures) during an accounting period. … Capital is a stock concept which yields a periodic income which is a flow concept.

Is money a stock variable?

Money supply is a stock variable because it is expressed at a particular point of time.

What is the three main flows in the economy?

The three major flows in the economy are total production, total income and total spending. There are two sets of markets in a simple economy: goods markets and factor markets. In the simple circular flow of economic activity, “real” flows of goods and factors, and financial flows, move in opposite directions.

What is flow in stock market?


The belated F1 2020 Season Review

UEFA Nations League Preview

In 2018, we have already had the euphoria and emotions of what turned out to be an amazing month of football in Russia. The domestic league seasons have started up again and now they have reached the first break in the season. That means the return of International football. Normally, European sides will begin their qualification campaign for the next major tournament but instead, they will be embarking on a new competition in the UEFA Nations League.

The Story behind the Nations League

The UEFA Nations League has its beginnings seven years ago, at the 2011 UEFA Strategy Meeting in Cyprus. This is when the discussions and consultations began regarding having a third major tournament to go alongside the European Championship (EUROs) and the World Cup. The discussions continued through meetings at the Top Executive Committee (TEP). It was not until March 2014, at the XXXVII UEFA Ordinary Congress in Astana, Turkey where the tournament was unanimously adopted. read more

Review: Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup

What a month of football we had this summer! 736 players representing 32 nations and 64 matches later, the 2018 World Cup was spectacular! It was expected to be a heavily politicised tournament but apart from the Pussy Riot pitch invasion in the final, that did not happen. It was expected to be shrouded in racism, it wasn’t. Video Assistant Referee (VAR) played its part but the football did the talking as records and titans fell while as a nation, we unified, daring to dream that ‘football’s coming home’. Eventually, it was France who triumphed in Russia after one of the most memorable world cups in living memory.

The story of Russia 2018

Denis Cheryshev scored a brace as hosts Russia hammered Saudi Arabia. [Image from The Japan Times].

After Robbie opened the World Cup, it was down to the hosts to start the tournament against Saudi Arabia. The two were the lowest ranked sides of the tournament but that did not show for Russia as Yuri Gazinsky headed in the opener, a Denis Cheryshev brace including a stunning injury-time set the hosts on their way to a 5-0 win which was rounded off by an Aleksandr Golovin free-kick! read more

2018 World Cup Russia Preview

Football could have been coming home this summer but it was not to be. Instead, when Russia hosts Saudi Arabia, they will kick start the 2018 World Cup. 736 players representing 32 nations from five continental football federations will be competing on this, the biggest stage in football and after a mammoth month of football (64 games between 14th June and 15th July), 23 players will have played their part I crowning their national side, World Champions!

The geographical spread of the host cities in Russia. [Image from Sky Sports].

With this being Russia’s first hosting of a major international football tournament, a number of new stadiums were built. With Russia spanning 17.1 million square km and two continents, it is mostly concentrated in European Russia (West of the Ural mountains) with the exception of Ekaterinburg that will see football. From St. Petersburg in the north to Sochi in the south on the Caspian Sea, from Yaketerinburg in the east to Kaliningrad in the west, the world cup spans a diameter of 7.1 million square miles. The tournament spans four different time zones and has 12 stadiums being used from 11 cities with the capital, Moscow the only city to be using two stadiums. read more


Question: How Many 4×6 Fit On A Sheet?

How many 5×7 can fit on a 8.5 x11?

two 5x7you can make a canvas though in PS at 8.5×11 and resize your two 5×7 photos to fit in the space..

What size is 4×6?

How do I print 4×6 in Word?

IMO, the best approach is to specify the actual Paper Size for the Word document itself: Format> Document> Page Setup> Paper Size. If there is a 4×6 dimension listed for your printer, select it there.

Is 4×6 the same as 2×3?

How do you print 5×7 on 8.5 x11?

Thanks for any help you can give me.Go to File>new>blank file. … Crop picture A to 5×7, then copy/paste A to the blank file.Crop picture B to 5×7, then copy/paste B to the blank file.Use the move tool to position A & B.You should have 3 layers: Background layer, Layer with A, and Layer with B.

How many 4×6 can fit on a 8.5 x11?

If you are using 8.5×11 paper it is physically impossible to print four 4×6 photos on a page. If you total 6+6 inches = 12″, 1″ inch larger than the 11″ of the page, and that without having any borders between the photos.

How many 4×6 fit 8×10?

Rowan, they fit. 2 x 4 = 8. Two 4 x 6 photos = 6 x 8.

How do I print 4×6 on 8.5 x11?

How do I print a 2×2 photo on a 4×6?

How to print 2 passport pictures on one 4×6 photo paperGo to File>new blank file. … Open your picture file.Crop your picture to 2×2 ” with the crop tool. … Go to Select>all, then Edit>copy to put it on the clipboard.Go back to the blank file from step #1, then Edit>paste.Position the picture with the move tool.More items…•

Can 2 5×7 fit on one page?

You can’t fit two 5×7 prints on an 8.5×11 piece of paper because of printer margins and whatnot. … The 7 inch side is on the 8.5inch side of the paper and the top 5 inch side is on the 11 inch side next to another 5 inch side of the other picture.

What is the size of 5×7 prints?

13x18cmActual size of Photo 5×7″ (13x18cm)

How do I make a 4×6 photo an 8×10?

Choose constrained aspect ratio and put in width=2 height=3 for 4×6, width=4 height=5 for 8×10, width=2.5 height=3.5 for 5×7. Then draw the regtangle selection on the part you want to keep on the photo and go to image> crop (you can move the selection around before cropping). Voila!

How do I shrink a Word document to 4×6?

Here’s how:Open the document containing the announcement.Press [Ctrl]P.In the Zoom section, click the Scale To Paper Size drop-down arrow.Scroll to and select the desired sheet size.Enter how many copies you want and then click OK.

How do I print 4×6 photos?

How do I print a passport size photo 4×6?

Creating a 4×6 with multiple passport photos Press CTRL+A to select all of the image and press CTRL+C to copy the image. Click Image > Canvas Size. Adjust the Canvas Size to 6in width by 4in height to print on 4×6 photo paper.

What aspect ratio is 4×6?

If not, here it is: an aspect ratio of 3:2 matches the aspect ratio of a standard 4×6 inch print. Just multiply the aspect ratio by two: 3*2 = 6 and 2*2 = 4. What this really means: when you take photos with a camera that has a 3:2 sensor, none of the prints that you make at 4×6 will get cropped.

How do you print 4×6 on a letter?

1 – select the photos and hit the Print window. 2 – in the next window select Paper Size= US letter and Print Size=4×6. This will give you 2 per page.


In the 5th installment of the UP Stop COVID Deaths webinar series, Dr. Rontgene M. Solante, one of the top infectious diseases experts in the country, shared his insights on the impact of COVID-19 on the control of TB, HIV, and other infections based on the San Lazaro hospital experience.


Herbal Support for PMS

Premenstrual Syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome, also known as PMS, is a condition that is commonly experienced among women during their reproductive years. In fact, three out of four women are believed to suffer from PMS to some degree.1,2 While symptoms vary per individual, some are considered to be manageable while others are severe enough to interfere with overall quality of life. We will review the individual herbs that have can support women during PMS and how we've combined them to formulate our Women's Cycle Comfort.

What Is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)?

As the female body prepares itself for possible pregnancy, changes in hormone levels occur which affect the organs of the reproductive system. After the egg is released from the follicle during the ovulatory phase, the follicle begins to break down and becomes the corpus luteum. This causes an increase in the hormone progesterone which will thicken the lining of the uterus in order nurture the fertilized egg. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels will drop. This will cause the uterine lining to shed resulting in bleeding or the start of menstruation.

Literature defines PMS as behavioral, psychological and physical symptoms that occur roughly seven to ten days before a woman starts her menstrual cycle.3,4  Although the exact cause is not fully understood, PMS symptoms are believed to be triggered by various factors including fluctuation of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, decreased serotonin levels, calcium and magnesium deficiencies and excess aldosterone (antidiuretic hormone).4

Commonly reported symptoms include breast swelling and tenderness, water retention and weight gain, headache, increased appetite or food cravings, changes in bowel movement, pain in the lower back and pelvic region, fatigue, and acne. Many women also experience cognitive and emotional symptoms that may be due to the changes in serotonin levels including anxiety, depression, difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, irritability, a sudden urge to cry and mood swings. While not as common, women have reported non-specific symptoms such as palpitations, vertigo, migraine headaches and exacerbation of other conditions such as allergies.4

Conventional treatment of PMS may include over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may also be prescribed for emotional disturbances such and anxiety and irritability.4  There are, however, more natural options available that will ease various symptoms experienced during PMS and the menstrual cycle. Women have used wild herbs such as black cohosh and chaste tree as support and comfort for these issues for centuries. Kava is another herb to consider when addressing physical and emotional imbalances. Let’s take a closer look at how these herbs work:

black cohosh

Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa)

Black cohosh has traditionally been used for various ailments including difficult child birth, menstrual cramps, menopause as well as rheumatism.Black cohosh is believed to act as a phytoestrogen and therefore thought to provide hormone balancing benefits. Although there is no actual estrogen in the plant, it binds to estrogen receptors causing the body to respond as if hormone was present. Balancing hormones may reduce a number of symptoms associated with PMS as well as menopausal discomforts such as hot flashes.

chaste tree

Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus)

Chaste tree is another herb with documented use for women’s health including PMS, breast tenderness, regulation of menstrual cycles, emotional disturbances and more. It has also been traditionally used as a hormone modulator but works slightly different than black cohosh. Chaste tree is believed to inhibit prolactin and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) while promoting the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH).5 As a result of the LH increase, “progesterone will also increase which may promote balance between estrogen and progesterone levels,”5  potentially causing a reduction in symptoms.

kava kava

Kava-kava (Piper methysticum)

Kava has been traced back hundreds of years being used as a ceremonial drink in the islands of the Pacific Ocean. It has numerous traditional uses and benefits due to its active constituent, kavalactones. These benefits include acting as a pain reliever, sedative, anxiety-reducer, antispasmodic, local anesthetic and more. 7 While there are limited studies on Kava’s specific effects on PMS symptoms, a three-month randomized study found that it helped improve mood, particularly anxiety, in perimenopausal women.6  Another study found that kava improved symptoms of anxiety, tension and restlessness after switching over from benzodiazepine treatment.8 Kava’s calming and pain reducing effects may greatly benefit women who experience both physical and emotional distress during PMS.

These beneficial herbs can be found in Women’s Cycle Comfort from Wise Woman Herbals. This traditional formulation supports healthy mood balance and cyclical symptoms during times of PMS. If you are currently on prescription hormones, make sure to speak with your doctor before starting these or any supplement to determine if they are a right fit for you. For optimal PMS symptom support, consider additional lifestyle changes such as increased exercise, movement or stretching, getting more hours of sleep, and reducing consumption of alcohol, tobacco, refined sugar and processed foods.

About the Author

Dr. Yasamine Farshad is the Practitioner Education Manager for Wise Woman Herbals® where she coordinates educational events and content for health care practitioners. Dr. Farshad received her Doctorate in Naturopathic Medicine from the Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine in Tempe, Arizona and received her Bachelor of Science in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from the University of Arizona. Dr. Farshad also teaches anatomy and physiology for Herbal Wisdom Institute where she received her herbalist certification. She focuses on nature cure using botanical medicine and nutrition.

1. US Department of Health and Human Services, O. (2018, March 16). Premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Retrieved from https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome#13

2. Steiner, M. (2000). Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: guidelines for managementJournal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience; 25(5): 459–468.

3. Shaw, S., Wyatt, K., Campbell, J., Ernst, E., & Thompson‐Coon, J. (2018). Vitex agnus castus for premenstrual syndrome. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews2018(3), CD004632. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004632.pub2

4. Pinkerton, J., MD. (2019, July). Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). Retrieved 2020, from https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/menstrual-abnormalities/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

5. Mayo, J., MD, FACOG. (1998). Black Cohosh and Chasteberry: Herbs Valued by Women for Centuries. CLINICAL NUTRITION INSIGHTS; Advanced Nutrition Publications, 6(15). doi:http://www.acudoc.com/black_cohosh_and_chasteberry.PDF

6. Cagnacci, A., Arangino, S., Renzi, A., Zanni, A. L., Malmusi, S., & Volpe, A. (2003). Kava-Kava administration reduces anxiety in perimenopausal women. Maturitas44(2), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5122(02)00317-1

7. Singh, Y. N., & Singh, N. N. (2002). Therapeutic potential of kava in the treatment of anxiety disorders. CNS drugs16(11), 731–743. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200216110-00002

8. Malsch, U., & Kieser, M. (2001). Efficacy of kava-kava in the treatment of non-psychotic anxiety, following pretreatment with benzodiazepines. Psychopharmacology157(3), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130100792


What really happened at the so-called Mohenjo Daro massacre?

Was the Mohenjo Daro ‘Massacre’ Real?

Mohenjo-daro, Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan. ( suronin /Adobe Stock)

Numerous other skeletons were found within layers of rubble, ash, and debris, or lying in streets in contorted positions that suggested the agonies of violent death.

A Violent Massacre?

Or Were They Victims of Flood and Disease at Mohenjo Daro?

Skeletal remains of the so-called Mohenjo Daro massacre. ( George Dales )

Is this Evidence of Atomic War?

One such individual is David Davenport, British Indian researcher, who spent 12 years studying ancient Hindu scripts and evidence at the site where the great city once stood. In his book Atomic Destruction in 2000 B.C. he reveals some startling findings: the objects found at the site appeared to be fused, glassified by a heat as high as 1500°C, followed by a sudden cooling. Within the city itself there appeared to be an ‘epicenter’ about 50 yards wide, within which everything was crystallized, fused, or melted, and 60 yards from the center the bricks are melted on one side indicating a blast.

In his book Riddles of Ancient History , A. Gorbovsky reported the discovery of at least one human skeleton in the area with a level of radioactivity approximately 50 times greater than it should have been due to natural radiation. Davenport claimed that what was found at Mohenjo Daro corresponded exactly to what was seen at Nagasaki and Hiroshima.

Davenport's theory was met with intense interest from the scientific community. Professor Antonio Castellani, a space engineer in Rome said: “it's possible that what happened at Mohenjo Daro was not a natural phenomenon”.

Since there was no indication of a volcanic eruption at Mohenjo-Daro, or another disaster that could explain such features, Davenport suggested that the ancient city and its last inhabitants were obliterated by a blast from an ancient weapon, likened to an atomic bomb . The History Channel’s Ancient Aliens series gave credence to the idea, and so the ancient weapon theory immediately ignited.

Proponents were quickly drawn to an alleged quotation from the Indian epic Mahabharata, published by Erich von Däniken in Chariots of the Gods , which speaks of doom and destruction:

... (it was) a single projectile
Charged with all the power of the Universe.
An incandescent column of smoke and flame
As bright as the thousand suns
An iron thunderbolt,
A gigantic messenger of death,
Which reduced to ashes
The entire race of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas.

...The corpses were so burned
As to be unrecognizable.
The hair and nails fell out;
Pottery broke without apparent cause,
And the birds turned white.

After a few hours
All foodstuffs were infected... escape from this fire
The soldiers threw themselves in streams
To wash themselves and their equipment.

The streets of Mohenjo Daro ( Syed /Adobe Stock Deriv.) with an explosion in the background. (Liz Leafloor)

But is everything as it seems?

Separating Fact from Fiction

A thorough keyword search through English translations of the Mahabharata reveals no such passage, and yet it appears in more than 30 books and across thousands of online articles.

Rather than being entirely fictitious, the passage is composed of a merging together of various unrelated passages scattered throughout the 200,000-verse epic, some of which are also questionable English translations of a questionable French translation of the original Sanskrit. When viewed in their original context, they are a little less convincing. For example, one passage reads:

“When the next day came, Camva actually brought forth an iron bolt through which all the individuals in the race of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas became consumed into ashes. Indeed, for the destruction of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas, Camva brought forth, through that curse, a fierce iron bolt that looked like a gigantic messenger of death. The fact was duly reported to the king. In great distress of mind, the king (Ugrasena) caused that iron bolt to be reduced into fine powder.” (Mausala Parva, sec. 1)

I am sure most would agree that this cannot be taken as evidence for an ancient nuclear blast.

But what of the crystallized objects, fused together as though exposed to an intense blast of heat?  This one is not so mysterious. The so-called bomb blast ‘epicenter’ is the ancient dumping ground for broken pots that were often made by vitrifying sand in high-temperature kilns.

As for the irradiated bodies, unfortunately this appears to be nothing more than a fictional account put through the rumor mill, with no original source quoted against the claims. Despite the skeletal remains being extensively studied down to the finest details, not a single scientific paper reports on the discovery of radiation.

But scientific papers aside, common sense dictates that the 15-foot (4.5m) high walls that can be seen in Mohenjo Daro today, would not have survived a nuclear blast !

Explaining the Forty-Four

For the massacre theory to hold up as a valid explanation for the scattered skeletal remains of the forty-four, Dr Dales points out that we need a lot more than the odd and haphazard positioning of the remains: “Where are the burned fortresses, the arrowheads, weapons, pieces of armor, the smashed chariots and bodies of the invaders and defenders?”, he asks in his paper The Mythical Massacre at Mohenjo Daro . The answer is that despite extensive excavations at Mohenjo Daro, none were ever found.

Fortunately, science has progressed immensely since the time of the first excavations of Mohenjo Daro, and there now exist precise methods for dating human bones, as well as identifying signs of violent death, and these new methods eventually provided a nail in the coffin to Wheeler’s long-accepted theory.

In the 1980s, biological anthropologist K.A.R. Kennedy and colleagues studied the collection of skeletal remains, and found no evidence of violent death. They concluded that the massacre theory had been incorrectly based on archaeological evidence of disorderly disposal of the dead, rather than on skeletal evidence of trauma.

They concluded that the Mohenjo Daro massacre theory had been incorrectly based on archaeological evidence of disorderly disposal of the dead, rather than on skeletal evidence of trauma. ( George Dales )

Further evidence unravelling the massacre theory came in the form of more precise dating assigned to different layers of ruins at Mohenjo Daro, as well as to the skeletons themselves. Dating of the remains showed that some of the individuals had died much earlier on, in the Intermediate Period. In fact, it is believed there could be up to 1,000 years in between the time that some of the individuals died, meaning there was no single tragedy that killed the forty-four, and in fact, they may all have died very uneventful and natural deaths!

More Mysteries at Mohenjo Daro

This may come as somewhat of a disappointment to those that love a dramatic story of widespread devastation from an ancient weapon of mass destruction or from an invasion of marauding barbarians, but not all the mystery surrounding Mohenjo Daro has been eliminated.

Archaeologists still remain perplexed as to why such an advanced civilization would bury their dead without any apparent funerary rituals or without even positioning them neatly in a grave. It is almost as though they were tossed in a hole and buried in whatever position they landed. This is quite in contrast to the order and attention to detail that is seen in the rest of the city, and so far, remains unexplained.

And then there is the question of where the rest of the inhabitants are? Archaeologists estimate that at its peak, Mohenjo Daro was home to some 40,000 people. So why only forty-four bodies? To date, no cemetery has ever been found in Mohenjo Daro or its surrounds. If such a site is ever found, it may offer the key to answering many of the questions that still remain about this impressive civilization.

Archaeologists estimate that at its peak, Mohenjo Daro was home to some 40,000 people. ( suronin /Adobe Stock)

Mohenjo Daro May be Lost Forever

Although it has survived for five millennia, Mohenjo Daro now faces imminent destruction. While the intense heat of the Indus Valley, monsoon rains, and salt from the underground water table are having damaging effects on the treasured site, it is the visitors that flock in their thousands to the site that are the biggest threat. Adding to the problem is a lack of funding, public indifference, and government neglect. The government even approved a festival being held at the site back in 2014, where tents, lights and stages where hammered into the walls of the delicate ruins.

Mohenjo Daro is already in an incredibly fragile condition. It is estimated that at its current rate of degradation, the World Heritage listed site could be gone within 20 years . Experts are now saying that the only way to save it is to rebury the city. The loss of Mohenjo Daro would not only be a great national tragedy for Pakistan, it would be a loss to the entire world.

Top Image: Mohenjo Daro archaeological site, Pakistan. ( Syed/Adobe Stock) Skeletal remains from the so-called massacre. ( George Dales )

By Joanna Gillan

The only theory I believe is the flooding. Those bodies, I don't know what they are from but a nuclear bomb is really pushing the envelope.

The history of the human race is a story of bitter struggle to survive and to rule. In the process, eliminating those who are unacceptable in terms of racial, linguistic and cultural differences. Thus peace has reigned for a very short time of 8% in the entire span of human history. In terms of statistics and significance, any natural factor capable of destruction must be so large that if it occurs, it will destroy 3/4 of the human race in almost a single instance. For such a catastrophe to occur, the chances are very remote. The most common factor for the destruction of any race is primarily violence and violence only. NOTHING can be more efficient. TO IGNORE THIS BASIC CONCEPT and to blame nature for the disappearance of a civilization is absolutely shameful. Satellite images can fool everyone. Give credence based on backup evidence and include history of the land.
The Indus civilization was pillaged and plundered, its citizens put to the sword, similar to what an Assyrian king recorded in his edicts,'I cut their throats like the throats of lambs and kids". When two different cultures clash, they fight to eliminate each other, there is no room for compromise, unless the two are equally strong and come to terms. This did not happen in the Indus. It was pure massacre. The Vedic culture which has been in existence from the beginings of Indian history did not have the faintest idea about who lived before them. The Vedic people knew nothing about writing, town planning, architecture, attached toilets, protected water supply, waste and water drainage system or toys. It is absurd to believe that a people with such a high level of advancement did not know how to deal with drought and floods(even today we do not know despite all the local and foreign technology). It is funny that the supporters of the Vedic culture claim that the Indus civilization was their handiwork, and everyday some new claims are being made. I am an amateur. I have been studying the Indus script for almost 30 years. I have deciphered some of the signs, including the 'fish' sign. The 'fish' sign represents the women of the Indus culture. The results show that they are directly linked to Sumerian culture. To conclude, one can safely say that the Vedic people arrived in India after the death of the Indus culture. Then who destroyed the Indus culture? It must have been a fierce WARRIOR RACE who did not want to settle in India and looked for other pastures for looting and ransacking. All this talk about climate change destroying the Indus civilization is in poor taste and is a bad joke on the public. As for the Sarsvathi civilization I cannot comment, because I dont know.

But there is growing evidence of a time when the planets of our solar system were much closer, and fought one another with lightning-bolt weapons. And we may be seeing the return of such massive, cosmic lightning-bolts. Twenty six people, most of whom were not directly in the bolt's path, were recently killed by a single strike in India. An entire herd, over 300, reindeer were killed in Norway last year. In summer. Water in the ground was blamed for spreading the power of the electricity. Where were those Mohenjo Daro victims found? What was their orientation? Water has long been the key to 'the power of God'. This is what was going on in the contest between Elijah and the priests of Ba'al. The priests of Ba'al used electrically insulating dry wood and oil, thinking that this would make their sacrifice more flammable. Elijah used green wood and water. And all this took place atop a mountain, a natural lightning-rod.

It's all about electricity.

i think the place was blone up by a nuke from the future

Look up the Oklo Natural Nuclear Disaster. In Africa in 1972 there was a 'nuclear explosion' made by natural causes. It is a possible explanation.

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A Beginner’s Guide to Optimum Nutrition

A Beginner’s Guide to Optimum Nutrition

Whether you’re just starting on your fitness journey, have been working at it for quite some time, or even consider yourself a gym veteran, you don’t have to be an elite supplement enthusiast to know who Optimum Nutrition is...and there’s a good reason for it. Yep, we’re talking about the leading American brand who has been manufacturing premium supplements for over 30 years and has taken home the gold medal for both supplement and protein of the year for 10 years and counting. Keen to find out everything you need to know about Optimum Nutrition’s top 3 products? Let’s get started!

1. Optimum Nutrition - Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein

If you’ve heard of Optimum Nutrition, you’ve no doubt heard of Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein. These two names generally go hand in hand. Why? Well, Optimum Nutrition’s long-standing reputation is mostly credited to the release of their premium protein, Gold Standard 100% Whey aka the world’s best selling whey protein.

What is it?

To keep it simple: Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard 100% Whey is a fast-digesting protein best consumed post-workout to enhance muscle recovery and growth.

Whey protein delivers amino acids to the body, which are the building blocks for muscle growth and repair. As whey is a complete protein source, it contains all nine essential amino required for protein synthesis. Whether you’re a bodybuilder, athlete, sporting professional or simply a fitness enthusiast, Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein caters to the high protein demands and goals of all fitness levels.

Let’s take a closer look…

  • 24g of whey protein - Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein’s protein content consists of primarily microfiltered Whey Protein Isolate, which is one of the purest forms of whey. Additionally, the protein blend also contains ion exchange Whey Protein Isolate, ultrafiltered Whey Protein Concentrate, and hydrolysed ‘Hydrowhey’ peptides. What does this mean for you? A high-quality protein source that is delivered to your working muscles rapidly, allowing your muscles to utilise the nutrients for recovery and growth. Likewise, you can enjoy a quality serving of ultra pure whey protein, without any other hidden nasties that might set you off course - including fillers and additives.

  • 5.5g of BCAAs - Branched Chain Amino Acids, more commonly known as BCAAs, are a group of three essential amino acids: Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine. BCAAs are referred to as ‘essential’ because your body cannot produce them on its own, unlike non-essential amino acids. As such, it’s important to source it from your diet. So, what do BCAAs do? BCAAs are most commonly taken to boost muscle growth and enhance performance and energy. Of the three, Leucine is suggested to play the most prominent role in enhancing your body’s ability to build muscle proteins, while isoleucine and valine play an important role in energy production.

  • 4g of Glutamine & Glutamic Acid - Put simply, glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is a building block of protein and a crucial part of the immune system. Glutamine aids immune function as it acts as a critical fuel source for immune cells, including white blood cells and certain intestinal cells. Additionally, it also helps to maintain muscle mass. Here’s why: If the body’s need for glutamine is greater than its ability to produce it, your body is more likely to break down your protein stores (including muscle) to release more glutamine. As such, supplementing with glutamine allows your body to maintain an adequate glutamine supply to reduce muscle breakdown.

2. Optimum Nutrition - Essential Amino Energy

If you’re looking for a little extra assistance to help you train longer and harder, Optimum Nutrition Essential Amino Energy is your go-to!

What is it?

Turns out that whey protein isn’t the only product Optimum Nutrition can excel in. Optimum Amino Energy is one of the most versatile amino acid products on the market, capable of being integrated into your daily routine as a morning pick-me-up (for those who struggle to get out of bed in the morning), a pre-workout (for those who need a little boost in the gym), intra-workout (for those who want to feed their muscles as they train), or to sip on throughout the day to enhance your BCAAs intake.

Optimum Nutrition Essential Amino Energy contains a powerful amino blend and energy blend to deliver essential amino acids to your body to facilitate muscle recovery, while simultaneously helping to enhance energy and focus to help you power through an intense workout.

Let’s take a closer look…

  • 5g of Amino Acids - The Amino Acid Blend found in Essential Amino Energy combines all of the essential amino acids (Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, and Valine) required for cellular health, optimal recovery and performance. However, essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body, which means they must be sourced from food or supplementation. The formula also contains amino acids, Taurine, Citrulline and Beta-Alanine, which have been added to help maximise muscle recovery, improve blood flow, enhance nutrient uptake and reduce fatigue.

  • 100mg of Caffeine - Essential Amino Energy contains naturally occurring caffeine sourced from green tea and green coffee, which supplies a natural and steady release of caffeine to enhance energy levels, performance output, and cognitive function.

  • L-Arginine and Citrulline - These two ingredients play an important role in boosting nitric oxide and subsequently vasodilation, whereby it relaxes the inner muscles of blood vessels, allowing them to widen and increase circulation. As a result, more blood, nutrients, and oxygen can reach your spent muscles to assist with recovery and growth.

  • Customisable - Whether you’re looking for a gentle morning pick me up or an intense pre-workout, Essential Amino Energy is designed to be easily customised to suit your needs. Simply adjust the serving size to adjust the energy - Choose between a standard two scoop serve containing 5g of amino acids and 100mg of caffeine or double down with four scoops and receive a generous serving of 10g of amino acids and 200mg of caffeine.

3. Optimum Nutrition - Gold Standard Pre-Workout

Focus, energy and endurance in one? You’ve got it!

Just as you’d expect, Optimum Nutrition has lived up to the iconic “Gold Standard” name with the launch of their Gold Standard Pre-Workout. Containing quality ingredients dosed specifically to enhance athletic performance, Gold Standard Pre-Workout is a must-have for anyone serious about reaching their goals.

Pre-workouts are designed to provide you with a clean and sustainable hit of energy to boost your workout output, allowing you to train harder and for longer. So, who is it for? Essentially anyone who needs a push getting out the front door or a little extra help taking their performance to the next level.

Let’s take a closer look...

  • Banned substance tested

  • Energy and focus complex - A combination of N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCL, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Caffeine and Citrus Bioflavonoids delivers intense alertness, energy and sharp focus, all from natural sources.

  • 1.5 grams of Beta-Alanine and 1.5g of L-Citrulline - Beta-Alanine and L-Citrulline have been added to the formula to help improve performance. So, what do they do? CarnoSyn, which is a patented and scientifically proven form of Beta-Alanine, assists with enhancing your physical working capacity and endurance, while simultaneously helping to delay fatigue. Beta-Alanine is a naturally occurring amino acid that is essential for muscle carnosine synthesis. Carnosine helps to delay the onset of muscle fatigue, which means your muscles are in a better state to train harder and for longer before tiredness kicks in. Likewise, L-Citrulline Malate is a key ingredient in many pre-workout formulas as it helps to reduce fatigue during high-intensity training and increase nitric oxide production, which in turn, helps to increase blood flow, which subsequently enhances the amount of nutrients reaching spent muscles to enhance muscle growth and recovery.

  • 3 grams of Creapure® Creatine Monohydrate and 25mg of AstraGin - Creapure and AstraGin have been added to the Muscle Matrix. Creapure Creatine Monohydrate is a German engineered product highly regarded as the purest form of Creatine Monohydrate available. Creatine Monohydrate is suggested to enhance explosive energy, as it’s linked to improvements in the availability of ATP, which is responsible for our ability to generate explosive movements. Additionally, AstraGin is a patented product renowned for its ability to enhance the absorption of key nutrients. When paired with Creapure, it allows your muscles to take full advantage of key nutrients at a much quicker rate.

Stay fuelled with the latest in health & fitness


Fitness in 2021

2021, I feel, is going to be the year to where things will start to return to normal, which is what we need after the year or longer that we have had. With that being said, I also predict that events and business will start to limit their people still and may have some new rules moving forward as many people will be worried about coming into something like COVID again.

This also rings true for many fitness places and personal trainers, at least speaking for myself and my future plans. If we have learned anything over the course of this past year is that we were not as clean pre-COVID as we are now. That is something that I feel will stay the same moving forward for many years to come.

Now, I know, the title of this blog is about Fitness this year and how it will be affected or why I would even talk about this, but I think it is important to preface where we think the world will be after COVID to know what the first steps with different businesses will be.

For fitness, I think that 2 things will start to happen once things open up and mask mandates are lifted. Number one and probably the most important one for Blades Fitness and other local gyms, membership acquisition is going to go through the roof! People have been in quarantine for so long, have started to gain a little weight, and with summer coming up they are wanting to get back into the gym and get back to where they are at.

Now, many people may be sitting here and thinking that home gyms and all of that are things of the future, but I am inclined to disagree with you and here is why. Let's look at the housing market and how crazy all of that is right now, why do we think that is? People have been stuck in one place for so long they get tired of it, bored with it, start to find a lot of things wrong with where they are at. So, they want to move. They want out of where they have been held up for so long, and I think this will be the case with health and fitness

As people, we thrive on being able to go out and do things and interact with people on a daily basis, and I think that will start to be the biggest thing especially this summer and moving into the fall.

All of this leads into the number 2 reason why fitness and health, I feel, will start to boom and really take off, and that is because it is something outside of the home. Like I talked about earlier, people want to get out and be able to go and do things and experience things, not only shop or eat or take trips, but also just go and do anything to get out and get healthy. This is where we are trying to capitalize on in the coming months with events starting to open up and the country starting to slowly open up, people are going out and doing things now. This is why we are talking about a gym now, why we are going to do more events and physical forms of marketing, and have our name and face out there.

2020 was the year where businesses suffered and many closed, along with lives lost and families torn apart. 2021 will be the year for new businesses to thrive off of new found freedom, families to be reunited, and life slowly but surely moving back to some form of normality. With that being said, we are going to be ahead of the curve and be prepared in the instance that things explode and business booms right off the bat. 2021 is our year, and we are ready to make our dreams a reality.

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• Kieumy, BOM, London

Updated: Mar 20, 2020

In the first issue of the series on Gut Health, we looked into why Gut Health is important. In this issue, I want to share with you the common reasons why people often have poor gut health. Recent researches have identified several factors that can optimise or weaken our gut health.

For instance our diets have a huge role to play in maintaining our gut health. Today, a large number of our population follow a Western diet, which has high contents of animal fat and protein, low contents of fibre. But the most important component in diet for healthy guts is fibre. Without fibre, we reduce the variety of good bacteria. When we eat fibre, bacteria create molecules that have the properties to be anti inflammatory. If we deprive those bacteria of their favourite food, they disappear.

The quality of our food is also important. Chemical additives used by food manufacturers to alter the food’s texture and increase its shelf-life impact our gut. For ex a study conducted with mice few years ago demonstrated that two particular dietary emulsifiers — carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80 — induced gut microbiota alteration and gut barrier dysfunction in mice, resulting in weight gain, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to assess food additives for their impact on gut health and make an effort to maintain a healthy diet consisting mainly of wholefoods.

Another element that impacts our gut healthy is antibiotics. They save life but they also negatively impact our microbiota. Furthermore, antibiotics given at a very young age can have drastic consequences later in life (risk of obesity, poorer immune system and allergies).

The mode of delivery also affects the microbiota. With perineal delivery, the baby swallows the microorganisms from the mother whereas babies delivered by caesarean present a different microbiota that will impact the rest of his life and which may not be compensated.

Follow our blog that is specifically focused on healthy eating and plant centric foods that can help improve your gut health!

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The Tragedy of Julius Cæsar (Classic Reprint)

13 octobre 2018|
The Tragedy of Julius Cæsar (Classic Reprint) de William Shakespeare
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Excerpt from The Tragedy of Julius C sar

The edition of this play embodies all the features of its predecessors, with several additions. Firstly, all movements have been printed in heavy type to enable them to be easily detected from the other matter secondly, the text has been pointed by means of perpendicular marks to indicate the pauses to be observed either after or before the word thus treated. These pauses may be short or long, and in most cases there is a note provided to indicate their necessary duration but where this does not occur the reader will be able to judge by the context what form of treatment is required. They do not occur at every obvious point, but only where the difference created by them, though at times slight, enables the line to be governed so as to discharge its proper value. This also applies to the words italicized for emphasis, which in some cases may be light and in others heavy, the slight inﬂexion sometimes giving the elliptical construction its proper solution. Thirdly, among the innovations comes the detailed description of the costumes. This will, it is hoped, prove of great value in a play which sometimes causes confusion and difficulty in the matter of apportioning the right costume to the right character. Beside the dress is placed its Latin name, so that readers can, if they so wish, continue their investigations in the classical dictionaries and study examples of the clothes that are frequently shown in the articles dealing with them. A glossary of the costumes not fully described in the text, but which are mentioned under their Latin names, is placed at the end of this preface, together with a plate. It contains a short description of the military, civil, male and female costumes, with instructions as to the winding of a full-sized toga. Two plates are also provided showing thirty-seven of the principal properties used in the play, each of which is brieﬂy described in an accompanying commentary. In short, this edition seeks to provide every means to facilitate a proper understanding of the play and its equipment.

About the Publisher

Titre :The Tragedy of Julius Cæsar (Classic Reprint)
Format :Couverture souple
Dimensions de l'article :120 pages, 9 X 6 X 0.25 po
Dimensions à l'expédition :120 pages, 9 X 6 X 0.25 po
Publié le :13 octobre 2018
Publié par :FB&C Ltd
Langue :anglais
Convient aux âges :Tous les âges
ISBN - 13 :9781330024454

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Social Media Influence On Elections Essay

1630 Words 7 Pages
Public exposure, social influences, and social media are three ways that the internet has impact on the public opinion in presidential elections. There is more information on the internet than there is anywhere else in the world, and can be added and viewed by anyone at any time. Social influences the public opinion and voting behaviors, via celebrities, culture, and emotions this. Social media also has a great influence on the public opinion and voting behaviors, through Twitter, Facebook, and Myspace. The internet does have influence on voting behaviors; however it does not have a more positive or negative influence on public opinion during presidential elections. The internet has both a positive and negative influence on public opinion and voting behaviors because voters are exposed to both true and false information on the internet in a timelier manner than any other type of media.
Being able to get information and providing information within minutes, and the ability to find
…show more content…
Social media has a positive influence on the public by bringing people within the same political parties together and allowing places for them to socialize from around the world. Facebook has many different political party groups that the public can join and learn, discuss, and follow on different issues and candidates during an election as well as meeting other people within their party. While social media bring a lot of positive influence on public opinion it can also bring much negative influence. Although social media is a great place for people to meet others that share their political views, it can also influence people to believe falsified information. Forums are another negative influence on public opinion. Although they are meant to be simple discussions or informative blogs, they tend to turn into a page of debate and

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Primary Tutor Lightning Squad

12 Apr 2021
10 May 2021
Contract Type
Full Time
We are recruiting several Primary Tutors, across the Lancashire region, to facilitate a literacy programme to small groups of children from Years 1 to 4. The Lightning Squad Literacy programme is a blended approach with in-person tutoring supported by an online tutoring platform in the form of half-hour daily sessions working with 4 pupils at a time to improve reading skills, fluency, comprehension, spelling and phonics. Since it is an established evidence-based programme, course content is provided and 2 days of paid training allows you to familiarise yourself with the course, set-up, assessment etc.

Training will be facilitated by Success for All and FFT, with all materials being provided such as a User guide, Participation book and course content in hard copies for your easy access when tutoring begins. Weekly check-in sessions whilst tutoring and a 5-day week technical helpline, will support you to deliver this successful programme.

This is an amazing tutoring role allowing you to learn from industry experts and gain a real sense of job satisfaction delivering an established and successful literacy programme. Since we envisage Tutoring programmes to play a vital role in Primary School education for the next 2 years, opportunities can be viewed as long-term, yet flexible.

General Purpose of the role:
To provide daily half-hours tuition sessions with 4 pupils at a time, in a face to face capacity, within a school setting, as directed and according to computer led instruction and material. To record data, participate in evaluations and compose reports as directed on pupil progress and outcomes.

Duties and Responsibilities:

* Oversee the overall tutoring project for assigned school and selected pupils

* Collect required data for project

* Implement methods for data quality assurance

* Write reports on implementation as needed with relevant data and information

* Assist in administrative duties related to assigned school/s and the project

* Participate in proactive team efforts to achieve pupil and school objectives

* Adhere to all policies and protocols of the school and Operam Education Group

* Act in a professional manner and with pupils and colleagues

* Perform other duties, as assigned to fulfil the role successfully

Education & Experience:

* Teaching qualification or experience as a HLTA

* Experience working within a primary school setting (essential)

* GCSEs in English Language, maths and a science at Grade C or above (essential)

* Driving license (desirable)

* Ability to use Microsoft Word in the creation, editing, and review of documents including formatting text and tables

* Ability to use Microsoft Excel in the creation and use of spreadsheets including sorting and filtering data, using basic formulas, and creating graphs

* Ability to use Microsoft Outlook for sending and receiving email, maintaining a work calendar, and scheduling appointments

Required Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities

* Organise data and accurately understand and report data

* Engage pupils in creative and versatile teaching style

* Establish and maintain effective working relationships

* Interact with pupils

* Manage multiple projects and tasks simultaneously

* Prioritise, organise, and delegate assignments

* Make administrative/procedural decisions and judgements

* Analyse and solve problems

* Work in a team-oriented environment and participate in all team meetings and assignments

Working Conditions:
Work is normally performed in school; however, online tutoring would occur in the event of any lockdown/isolation measures.Monday-Friday, full-time or variable hours available.
Benefits: Attractive pay rates, 2 days free training (paid work), evidence-based course content provided, long-term work opportunities available


Infants and Chiropractic Care in Palm Harbor

Why do parents take kids to be seen by a Chiropractor in Palm Harbor, especially infants?

It’s a great question, and one that I would have asked, before I truly understood the benefits and power of Chiropractic care.

The benefits of Chiropractic care continue to be researched and the evidence continues to stack up in its favor. One of the most recent published articles comes from the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, this study is called “Maternal Report of Outcomes of Chiropractic for Infants.” This was just released this year and like most other Chiropractic research the outcomes are astounding, but I’ll share those in a minute. First, we need to understand the role of Chiropractic.

Infants, toddlers, teenagers, and adults all function and are governed by the same innate laws.

For our bodies to develop, function, eat, talk, sleep, and HEAL our brain coordinates every aspect of our being. Our brain is essentially the master computer which controls it all. Unfortunately, we are not wi-fi or Bluetooth equipped, every message from our brain goes from the brain, down the spinal cord and out through the nerves to reach your organs and limbs. This is how our bodies function and communicate. This is true if you are a 1 day old or 100 years old. This is when Chiropractic comes in. If your brain, spinal cord, and nerves are critical to the functioning of your body, then who is checking and making sure that your nervous system is functioning optimally. Sadly, the medical community does not check for spinal interferences due to their philosophy of practice. The medical community checks for anything that might be of immediate danger to one’s life at the moment (and that’s good). In other words, they are disease focused. The Chiropractic philosophy is polar opposite. We focus on the persons nervous system and its function to prevent disease in the first place.

Chiropractic Care For The Whole Family in Palm Harbor

Most of us think well I’ll go to the Chiropractor in Palm Harbor when I have pain, and this is why it is a foreign concept to bring a child to the Chiropractor. But simply knowing the anatomy and knowing that the brain and nervous system control everything, at what point as a parent would you want to know if your child had any interference to the nervous system. 100% of all parents I ask say, “right away”. This is why parents who are exposed and educated to Chiropractic care bring their families to get checked by Chiropractors. Now back to the study…

The purpose of the study was to investigate mothers of infants and the outcomes of their infants’ overall condition pre and post-chiropractic care. Over 2000 mothers participated in the study and here are some of the areas that showed significant improvements: improved feeding behavior (nursing), decrease sleep issues, increase cervical range of motion, increased time in prone position (tummy time), decrease in excessive crying and a few other improvements. Interestingly maternal satisfaction and ratings also increased, moms reported fewer bouts of depression and anxiety. In total, 82% reported definite improvements of their infant’s global impression of change and 95% reported feeling that the care was cost-effective, and more than satisfactory. Last thing, 0 side effects were reported.

This is why 1000’s of families seek care for their families. Not because a study says it is good, but because they have seen the difference with their kids and their family. I hope you consider having your family checked. It is one of the best gifts you can give them, the gift of health.

Call Ignite Chiropractic & Wellness in Palm Harbor today to schedule an appointment.

8:00am - 10:30am
3:00pm - 6:00pm

11:00am - 1:00pm

8:00am - 10:30am
3:00pm - 6:00pm

3:00pm - 6:00pm

8:00am - 10:30am

Ignite Chiropractic & Wellness
2661 East Lake Road
Palm Harbor, FL 34685
(727) 216-6775


Apostates, Hybrids, or True Jews?: Jewish Christians and Jewish Identity in Eastern Europe, 1860-1914

By Raymond Lillevik

ISBN: 9780227174937

This book explores the relationship between Christian faith and Jewish identity from the perspective of three Jewish believers in Jesus living in eastern and central Europe before World War I: Rudolf Hermann (Chaim) Gurland, Christian Theophilus Lucky (Chaim Jedidjah Pollak), and Isaac (Ignatz) Lichtenstein. They were all rabbis or had rabbinic education, and were, in different ways, combining their faith in Jesus as Messiah with their Jewish identity. The book offers a biographical study of the three men and an analysis of their understanding of identity. This analysis considers five categories of identification: the relation of Gurland, Lucky, and Lichtenstein to Jewish tradition, to the Jewish people, to Christian tradition, to the Christian community, and to the network of Jewish believers in Jesus. Lillevik argues that Gurland, Lucky, and Lichtenstein transcended essentialist as well as constructionist ideas of Jewish and Christian identity in very different ways.

Additional information

Dimensions229 × 153 mm

Trade InformationJPOD

About the Author

Raymond Lillevik (PhD) is lecturer in Kristen Videregående skole in Nordland, Nesna, in Norway.

List of Illustrations
Foreword by Oskar Skarsaune

1. Introduction
     Jewish Believers in Jesus: The Road Less Taken
     Previous Research
     Method: A Narrative and Analytical Approach
     Constructing Identities
     The Problematic Term “Jewish Christian”
     Jewish Identification: Sergio DellaPergola

2. Eastern European Jews between 1860 and 1914 and the
Christian Missions
     The Term “Eastern Europe”
     The Jews
     Christian Mission Work to the Jews

3. The Biographies of Gurland, Lucky, and Lichtenstein
     Rudolf Hermann (Chaim) Gurland (1831-1905)
     Christian Theophilus Lucky/Chaim Jedidjah Pollak (1854-1916)
     Rabbi Isaac Lichtenstein (1825-1908)

4. Analyzing the Relationship between Jewish Identity and Faith in Jesus
     The Relation to Judaism and the Jewish Tradition
     The Relation to the Jewish People
     The Relationship to the Christian Tradition and Doctrines
     The Relation to the Christian Community
     The Relationship to Jewish-Christian Groups and Individuals

5. Conclusion
     Three Jewish-Christian Identities
     Further Perspectives

Appendix: The False Doctrines of Talmud
     Text: “False doctrines of the Talmud”

Index of Subjects and Names

Endorsements and Reviews

This fascinating, groundbreaking, and much-needed study of these three pioneers highlights their contribution to nineteenth-century Hebrew Christianity and to Messianic Judaism today. Lillevik tells their stories, traces their theological development, and explores the challenges they posed and faced. Through the lens of history and comparative analysis, his careful scholarship calls for renewed attention to the role of Jewish believers in Jesus as the bridge between church and synagogue. Read, reflect, and enjoy!
Richard Harvey, Hebrew Bible and Jewish Studies, All Nations Christian College, Hertfordshire

Lillevik’s book is a timely and pioneering study of three Jewish-Christian leaders of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. How did they negotiate the difficult challenge of combining two apparently incompatible identities, Jewish and Christian? Lillevik addresses this question with great empathy and methodical finesse. No one has presented and studied these three leaders in such breadth and depth before. His book will remain a landmark study of Jewish-Christian identities in the modern period.
Oskar Skarsaune, Norwegian School of Theology, Oslo, Norway


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Quartz: Common, But Not Conventional

Green quartz
Specimen of green variety of quartz, possibly aventurine, extracted from the Lechang Mine, Guangdong Province, China. (Géry PARENT, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons)

Editor’s Note: During the year-long celebration of Rock & Gem’s 50th Anniversary, we’ll be revisiting various articles from our archives and bringing them back for an encore publication. This article was initially published in the August 2001 issue of Rock & Gem and written by our esteemed Senior Consulting Editor Bob Jones.

Of all the minerals found on Earth, quartz is the most common. It occurs in almost every type of rock. It comes in five common yet different crystallized forms and many more non-crystalline forms. It is valuable in industry and communications. And it accepts other minerals, which give it colors and patterns that far exceed the beauty of any other mineral.

Quartz has long been the cornerstone of the gem and lapidary industry and the collecting hobby. We would be hard-pressed (even in 2020) to find many people who don’t have some variety of it in their collections.

This mineral has a relatively simple chemical structure. It is made of an atom of silicon (one of Earth’s most common elements) and two of oxygen (its most common element). Together, they form molecules that take the shape of a tetrahedron, rather like a pyramid with one corner pulled out to distort the whole. These, in turn, attach in a spiral fashion, forming beautiful hexagonal crystals that usually have pyramidal, or pointed, terminations.

Rutilated quartz
Specimen of rutilated quartz was discovered in Ibitiara, Bahia, Northeast Region, Brazil, with needle-like rutile inclusions creating a golden color visible within the transparent quartz. (Didier DESCOUENS, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons)

Quartz Formation

If the quartz approaches pure silicon dioxide, it is clear and colorless, with air bubbles and miscellaneous impurities accounting for the milky hue often seen in quartz. If, however, other metal ions — iron or aluminum — become part of the internal arrangement, the potential for color is there.

When atoms combine to form molecules, they usually do so by sharing electrons, bonding them together. If everything balances electrically, the atom is stable and neutral. But when aluminum is present in quartz, it replaces some of the silicon atoms, and they differ in their electron balance. Silicon shares four of its electrons with two oxygen atoms in rock crystal. Aluminum, taking the place of silicon, has only three electrons it can share with two oxygen atoms. This electron difference makes the quartz susceptible to outside energies. Introduce a bit of radioactivity, and the quartz containing aluminum becomes a smoky color — one of the most popular varieties of quartz. We can make smoky quartz by bombarding clear quartz with radiation, something often done with Arkansas quartz.

Iron is another metallic element that can get into the atomic structure of quartz and affect the color. Iron is unusual because it can have four electrons to share, like silicon, or it can have only two or three, like aluminum. If it shares three electrons, the quartz can take on a yellow color. We call that citrine. If the iron has four electrons to share due to an unusual case of radiation, it will take on an amethyst (purple) color. We can change amethyst to citrine by heat-treating the quartz to disturb the electron arrangement.

Rose quartz
In this specimen of rose quartz, extracted from the Lavra Berilo Branco mine, Doce Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, it appears to have deposited in two phases, creating the difference in the color saturation of this 3.89 x 3.82 x 2.15-inch specimen. (Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com)

The final color we see in crystallized quartz — the least common of the group — is rose. Various research has shown that the reason for the lovely, limpid pink color may have to do with the presence of titanium. Additionally, the Gemological Institute of America reports, “Research has shown that rose quartz owes its delicate pink color to microscopic inclusions of aligned silicate mineral fibers.” Again, the interaction of electrons produces the color emissions we see.

As you know, there are other colors of crystallized quartzes: green and blue, among others. These colors are largely due to inclusions, though citrine and amethyst quartz, as I mentioned, can be changed to green by heat-treating the stone.

Family Structure

The other quartz family of minerals falls under the heading cryptocrystalline quartz, a name that simply means it forms in crystals too small to see without magnification. That definition is a bit of an oversimplification, given that the submicroscopic crystals are fiber-like in most cases.

Clear cluster of quartz crystals
An exceptionally clear cluster of quartz crystals recovered from the McEarl Mine, Garland County, Arkansas. (Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com)

This variety’s main form is chalcedony, followed by agate, jasper, carnelian, sard, heliotrope, and onyx, among others. Within this grouping, there is a division. The agates are fibrous in structure, while jasper and flint are grainy quartzes.

Chalcedony is a particularly appealing gem material, as it is hard and easy to work and can come in a rainbow of colors, depending on impurities. The forms of iron in chalcedony color it red, yellow, orange, or brown. Copper minerals impart a blue shade, while nickel makes it green. Its formation mode can produce lovely alternating layers of colors that can be wildly patterned in bands, swirls, dots, and eyes. It is this multicolored, patterned chalcedony that is most popular with the lapidary.

Agates’ Quartz Foundation

The history of agate as a gemstone is longer than almost any other gem. It was gathered from streams in ancient times and used for jewelry. By the time the Romans controlled the world, the first great agate beds were being exploited around Idar and Oberstein, Germany. A huge agate gem business evolved there, outlasting the Roman and succeeding empires until the local supply dried up. At that point, German emigrants went searching for new supplies, and the great agate fields of South America opened.

Citrine quartz
A macro view of a specimen of citrine variety of quartz. (Géry PARENT, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons)

For the most part, the Brazilian agate fields produce gems that lack bright colors. But agate is porous enough to be treated with heat or dyes to produce lovely, banded material; since each layer of chalcedony agate varies slightly in porosity, the dyes are selectively absorbed.

In the 1940s, one of the great sources of agates, naturally colored in a riot of hues, was opened up in northern Mexico. This material ranks as some of the better agate ever found. The source was volcanic formations, primarily in the state of Chihuahua. The agates here are so beautiful that they require special attention in an article such as this. The only problem today is availability.

Seventy years ago, Mexican fortification agates were readily available and possible to collect for the adventuresome. By 2001, the large beds of Mexican agate were nearly played out or closed to collecting. Where agates may still be found, they must be hard-won from the enclosing volcanic rock and can be hunted only with permission.

Light smoky quartz
A well-terminated example of light smoky quartz with phantom inclusions found in Seminário Farm, Joaquim Felício, Minas Gerais, Brazil. (Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com)

There are several agate beds in Mexico. The agates are often named for the source of locality, with Laguna, Coyamito, Gallego, Sueco, Apache, and Apache Flame agates among the best known. There are countless other sources of agate in Mexico, but these areas are the most notable. Gem material from each of these areas is distinctively colored and stunning.

What I like most about Mexican agates are the internal patterns they contain. Each stone is unique. Some are strictly fortification agates, with a series of concentric bands of varying width and color, yet with a pattern uniformity. Others have concentric rings of color with a point in the center, which is why this variety of agate is called “eye agates.” These eyes develop when internal, stalactitic growths in the agate are cut across the grain. If cut along their vertical axes, the pattern consists of two parallel bands of matching colors, slowly tapering to a rounded point. Some of the eyes have a small, hollow tube in the center where solutions may have entered or where some slender, needle-like crystal, now gone, gave rise to the stalactite form.

Scattered within many agates are color dots and streaks. Some are large enough to be seen with the unaided eye. Most are best seen under 10x magnification as bright dots or spots or colors that give the band’s overall color shade. These small concentrations of color have been shown to be largely iron compounds, with some manganese compounds as a second color source. In a few cases, snow-white dots are seen, which are usually bits of colorless quartz.

Japan law twin quartz
A transparent quartz variety Japan law twin specimen, measuring more than a foot across, was found in the hills outside Joaquim Felicio, Brazil. (Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com)

The fascinating feature of many agates is the “escape tube.” This is a bulbous shape that starts within the banding and extends toward and sometimes to the agate’s rim. These tubes are sometimes narrow in the center with a bulging tip. If they touch the rim of the agate, they spread out in a funnel-like form.

For a long time, these escape tubes were thought to be the avenue through which the silica solutions entered the hollow geode or gas pocket in lava. These solutions were credited with creating the banding for which these agates are prized. However, modern studies have shown that the reverse is actually true.

The elongated structures actually are escape tubes. As the agate formed from a silica gel material, increasing pressure caused the remaining solutions to probe and penetrate the agate layers that had already formed at their weakest point. This movement to reach the rim of the agate so as to relieve the building pressure caused the existing, fresh layers to be dragged toward the flow of the escape. So, when you look carefully at an agate with an escape tube, you can readily see the distorting effect this movement has created. The regular fortification pattern is pulled like taffy into unusual and irregular forms. All of this adds to the internal beauty of that agate. Couple that with a nice quartz crystal lining in the center of the agate and you have something quite attractive.

One of the most beautiful quartz forms used in jewelry is quite valuable, even though the quartz is an ordinary milky white. Of course, the fact that it has stringers and veins of gold running through it may account for its higher-than-usual value. Called “gold in quartz,” this lovely material is contrasting snow-white and rich, buttery yellow. It can be slabbed and polished, then used as cabochons, for beads, or as an inlay gem material, among other uses. Set in rings and brooches, it is an instant conversation piece, and when used to make jewelry boxes and ornamental objects of art, it is quite elegant. Much of the “gold in quartz” comes from California’s mines, though it may be expected any place gold occurs in white quartz veins.

Tiger's Eye quartz
A polished slab of tiger’s eye, with striking chatoyant bands, from the Mt. Brockman Station, Pilbara, Western Australia. (Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com)

As long as people collect gems and minerals, there is going to be an attraction to quartz. Many collect only that singular species, which is understandable, given that there are myriad sources the world over. It comes in a great variety of wonderfully showy crystallized forms and in several attractive colors. The massive varieties can be riotously colored and patterned agates or richly colored solid gems suitable for almost any form of jewelry making.

No wonder quartz is and always will be one of the most popular minerals.

Author: Bob Jones

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Are You Getting Anxious Over Anxiety Depression

People who exert too much of their brain power usually exhaust not only their physical strength when engaging in in to many activities, they also tend to over extend their brains up to the point when it becomes plain that they need to take some time out to relax and recharge their batteries. A lot of busy people cannot fathom the idea of relaxing and taking time off from work, as well as their worries, this can result in them having nervous breakdowns, anxiety depression and all sorts of mental illnesses that can cause a person's sanity to go haywire. Fortunately, if you're one of those poor unfortunate ones who are unable to destress and are constantly worried and fussing over things, there are various cures and treatments for treating anxiety depression. Anxiety depression is actually characterized by all sorts of irregularities and erratic behavior, this is usually due to certain stress triggers that which cause the person to have undue jitters and stress.

Also, a lot of people who tend to get easily nervous over stressful activities are prone to having anxiety depression, its just a matter of being strong-willed when it comes to facing difficult and stressful activities. It may be pretty hard to overcome at first, but trying to be calm and cool in times of extreme pressure is what'll actually help to save your mental health from going on a totally downward spiral. When it comes to effectively curing one's self from a mental illness, one must keep in mind that you have to be actually honest with yourself and assess what kind of depression or mental illness you actually have, go to reputable psychiatrist to get yourself diagnosed correctly and get the right depression treatment for yourself.

Here are the various types of depression: Manic or Bipolar depression - characterized by sudden and extreme changes in one's mood wherein one minute the sufferer is in an elevated state of euphoria,while the next minute (day or week) he or she is in a state of complete depression. Postpartum depression - this is characterized by a prolonged sadness and a feeling of emptiness which some women experience following child birth. This is usually the result of the physical stress of child birth, and an uncertain sense of responsibility towards the new born baby . Dysthimia - characterized by a slight similarity with depression, although this time, it's been proven to be a lot less severe, but of course with any case, should be treated immediately. Cyclothemia - has some similarity with Manic or Bipolar depression wherein the individual suffering from this mental illness may occasionally suffer from severe changes in their mood. Seasonal Affective Disorder - characterized by falling in a rut only during specific seasons (i.

e. Winter, Spring, Summer or Fall). Studies however, prove that more people actually fall in to a rut during the Winter and Fall seasons than at other times of the year.

But the type of depression that has been proven to be quite common among people is anxiety depression. Anxiety Depression is characterized by the state of being overly anxious about things. Anxiety, a supposedly normal behavior that'll actually help a person adjust more to a certain stressful activity, such a first date jitters or a grueling exam the following day.

Anxiety actually helps you get psyched up towards facing certain "difficult situations"; anxiety therefore is actually a good thing. Anxiety Depression however, is simply the opposite, not to be easily dismissed as a "case of the nerves"; Anxiety Depression is in actuality an illness that can be caused from the biological makeup of an individual, or in other words, a hereditary illness. Also, there are actually various types of Anxiety depression, each having its own unique characteristics. Take for example Generalized Anxiety Disorder or GAD, this kind of Anxiety Depression is a lot more complicated than the average Anxiety Depression, in spite of possibly being a day-to-day habit for those who suffer this kind of Anxiety Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder actually makes the individual more paranoid than usual, anxiety attacks are more frequent, and even absurd at times.

Sufferers can even be anxious for no apparent reason. People suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder exhibit a number of symptoms, from lack of sleep, to being unable to relax, getting tired easily, cannot concentrate on what they're doing and even suffering from depression. This kind of Anxiety depression is still curable; just a little work will actually do the trick. Consult a reputable Cognitive Behavior Therapist who will help by giving the individual the therapy that a sufferer needs to help him or her loosen up, and also prescribe any medication that may help help them to calm them down and relax.

Paul Winter writes articles on various subjects and is the editor of ArticlesRus.Net and ArticleBazaar.Net

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