5 core responsibilities of being a restaurant manager

5 core responsibilities of being a restaurant manager

Being a manager in the food service industry is known to be both taxing and demanding, as it often requires endless hours of work and careful management of employees. Whether it’s dealing with customers or suppliers, every aspect becomes the responsibility of the manager. Here are 5 of the responsibilities that make the career of a restaurant manager what it is.

1. Maintain a strict system among employees

The restaurant industry is known for its often temporary staff and wide range of job titles within every company. Managers are responsible for all of these, many times even the back of house staff too. In order to run the business successfully, employees need a reliable manager and clear duties, which are determined by the manager. Proper training is also essential in this department to provide professional service at all times. Untrained employees are visible from a mile away, and are not what you want in a restaurant.

2. Ensure the highest standard of customer service

Since customers are what keep a business afloat (beyond the staff), all staff need to be dedicated to excellent customer service. It becomes the manager’s job to maintain this work ethic and refuse to accept anything less for the sake of the business. This refers not only to the treatment of customers, but also the handling of issues and making sure everything from their welcome to their exit shows dedication and consideration.

3. Stay on top of product and supply orders

One thing that can ruin a restaurant is if there is not enough stock of any given option on the menu. The manager has to make sure everything is ordered in time and that regular stock take takes place to stay ahead of the process. A customer being told there is no stock of something on the menu is the last impression you want to make.

4. Educate yourself on every aspect of restaurant finances and admin

This is probably one of the biggest responsibilities as it reveals the success of the restaurant at any given time. Finances need to be monitored and managed on a daily to monthly basis, keeping turnover and expenditure in mind at all times. Something as simple as incorrect counting of cash or poor bookkeeping could have devastating effects on the business.

5. Market the restaurant to constantly attract new customers

Even the restaurants with endless amounts of regular customers need to bring in new customers everyday. Simple marketing tools like specials, unique features, impeccable appearance and social media all contribute towards making a name for the restaurant and attracting new faces. A restaurant with a great reputation is definitely more likely, and extra effort on the part of the manager goes a long way in the industry.


Jesus, The Refugee

Jesus in Egypt by Eugene Girardet

In response to President Donald Trump’s executive order halting refugees from various war-torn nations in the Middle East, a number of people have stated their opposition to his actions, some declaring that Jesus was himself a refugee.  For example, Al Sharpton made this claim and Fox News was quick to deride him.  As Fox News states, “There’s one problem though: Sharpton’s tweet is not exactly accurate, at least according to the Bible.”  One of their readers declared, “…they went to pay Taxes in Egypt. They went home. YOU need to pay your taxes and learn Bible!!”  Another writes, “Jesus Christ, whose parents were good taxpaying citizens, was no refugee and Al Sharpton, tax evading cheat, is no reverend.”

Although I don’t have any political affinity for Al Sharpton, I would argue that he is correct and that Fox News and their readers are the ones who need to read or reread their Bibles.  Don’t believe me?  Well, according to the Gospels, Joseph and Mary went to Bethlehem as a result of the Roman census.

True, at that time, they were not refugees, merely following the Roman law and returning to Joseph’s hometown for the census.  However, according to the book of Matthew, when King Herod hears of the birth of Jesus (who he thought might end up challenging his rule,) he ordered his soldiers to find Jesus and ultimately kill him.

What is a refugee?  Well, defines a refugee as “a person who flees for refuge or safety, especially to a foreign country, as in time of political upheaval, war, etc.”

Did Jesus and his parents travel to a foreign country?  Yes, to Egypt.  Did they flee for their safety due to either political upheaval or war?  Yes, as the king sought to kill Jesus for political reasons.

Given that Jesus and his parents fit the dictionary definition of a refugee, how can anyone argue that they were anything other than refugees?  In fact, the Bible tells us that they stayed in a foreign land until King Herod was dead, thus ending the political threat against their lives.

Whether you agree or disagree with President Trump’s action to prevent refugees coming into the United States from several Middle Eastern countries, if you make the claim that Jesus was not a refugee and that Al Sharpton is Biblically illiterate for calling him one, instead of making him look foolish, you display your own stunning lack of Biblical knowledge.

A Killers’ Christmas

If you read last year’s posts entitled “‘Tis the Season Part I & II” you know that I don’t care much for the Christmas season.  Unlike our increasingly amoral and immoral society it’s not the Christian aspect I mind, but the focus on materialism, greed, and the well-spread lie of the man in the red suit.  If Jesus were to return to Earth during our supposed celebration of his birth, I think he would be appalled.

Anyway, for the last four years, the band The Killers releases a Christmas themed song  with the proceeds to benefit the charity Product Red.  Regardless if you support their charity of choice, isn’t the spirit of selfless giving a better representation of the meaning behind Jesus’ birth?  Of these, my favorite by far is 2007’s “Don’t Shoot Me Santa”.  I find the thought of a neurotic Santa bent on vengeance terribly amusing as it stands in stark contrast to the traditionally jolly and benevolent character children are taught to both honor and worship.  Although the song is great, the video adds so much more to the story.

After watching the video, I immediately signed on my iTunes account and purchased the video to share with friends and family.  So I hope you enjoy it as much as I do.

Forget Easter

Until next time!


"Irresponsible" cowbirds and the decline of songbirds

By Samuel Truax

A male cowbird on a metal post. (Paul A. Johnsgard)Just like human society, avian society has many individual personalities. There are those raucous types, like crows and jays, loudly quarreling among themselves as they accomplish their duties of survival and procreation. There are those like doves, that quietly go about doing their prescribed duties. With their lovely melodies, various songbirds bring enjoyment to humans as they accomplish their tasks. And then there are those who seem to be completely irresponsible in accomplishing their life duties, without the redeeming qualities of lovely feathers or beautiful songs, like the brown-headed cowbird.

How has the brown-headed cowbird established such a reputation for irresponsibility? The book “Birding” states that “The brown-headed cowbird’s most famous, or infamous, attribute is that it is a brood parasite.” That is, “the female lays eggs in the nests of other birds and takes no part in the rearing of her young.” And the female cowbird is not even concerned about who raises her offspring. “Brown-headed cowbird eggs have been recorded in the nests of 220 species, ranging from ducks to hummingbirds.” Even more extreme, studies find that “they remove the eggs of the host bird on some occasions.”

The cowbird developed these seemingly irresponsible habits by evolving a nomadic lifestyle. Cowbirds followed the once massive buffalo herds through their migration cycles, feeding on insects and seeds stirred up by the constant movement of the buffalo herds, and so were never in one place long enough to build and tend to their own nest. In fact their name comes from the buffalo cows they associated with.

From their position in the grasslands, the female cowbird could easily spot nests for her eggs in the shrubbery and undergrowth that occur where the forest edge abuts the grassland. Normally the nests deeper into the forests were not used. The female cowbird would deposit her eggs in the selected nest and then move on with the herd. Though a seemingly irresponsible trait much criticized by humans, this was a behavior well adapted to the conditions of life in which the cowbirds evolved. The species survived, and, though some harm was done to other affected bird species, that harm was typically minimal due to the constant migration of the cowbirds as they followed the bison.

However, the habitat changes that occurred with the arrival of European settlement in America, such as the replacement of migrating buffalo with confined cattle, expanded the conditions suitable for the brown-headed cowbird, at the expense of the birds whose nests they used. The European settlers also cleared trees for crop fields and pastures, creating more and more forest edge suitable for host nest selection by the female cowbird. The cowbird population increased very substantially and, according to some studies, continues to increase, if not in actual numbers, then certainly in range. A study by the Audubon Society concluded that even as the cowbird’s range continues to expand, their actual population has declined 1 percent from 1966 to 1996. Regardless of whether the cowbird population is stable or increasing, its expanding range allows parasitism of many more species, some that are poorly adapted to avoid such behavior.

A female cowbird on a wooden fencepost. (Paul A. Johnsgard)While cowbird eggs have been recorded in the nests of 220 species of birds, and cowbirds have been fledged by 150 different species, they primarily target the nests of vireos, warblers and some sparrow species. These birds have a tendency to nest in brushy undergrowth typical of the forest edge.

The cowbird eggs have a shorter gestation period than their hosts, so they often hatch before the host species. Cowbird hatchlings are usually larger and more aggressive during feeding by the host parent, and they are often aggressive toward the young of the host species. This can cause the death of the young of the host species, and when combined with occurrences when the female cowbird actually removes the eggs of the host from the nest, the habits of the cowbird are causing a great deal of stress on the populations of some species. Interestingly, some bird species recognize and remove cowbird eggs from their nests. In some cases, engaging in what is called “mafia behavior,” the cowbird will return to the nest and destroy all of the host species eggs, sometimes even tearing the nest apart.

The black-capped vireo is on the Endangered Species List. Studies indicate that the primary cause of the endangerment of the species is nest parasitism. The second most important cause of the endangerment, after habitat destruction, of the Kirtland’s warbler, is nest parasitism. Recovery plans for the endangered golden-cheeked warbler include a cowbird-trapping program and the control of cowbird populations. Such control methods are controversial.

Studies of Bell’s vireo in South Dakota concluded that they “are very common victims of brown-headed cowbird parasitism, and are in decline in many regions.” In New Mexico it was found that Bell’s vireo “suffers from low productivity due to brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds.” In some years, nest failures have exceeded 90 percent in the Carlsbad population.

However, the Audubon study does not indicate that these conditions are quite as serious as other scientists believe. The study did find the black-capped vireo experienced a 90 percent nest parasitism in Texas. A study of Bell’s vireo and the yellow-breasted chat showed they had 80 percent to 90 percent of their nests parasitized. And the lazuli bunting had 50 percent of their nests parasitized in a Montana study. But these high rates of parasitism did not necessarily indicate the rates of nest failure, according to the Audubon study, because by the mid-summer season, some of the victimized birds will renest and produce a successful brood. And in studies of lazuli buntings and yellow warblers, parasitized nests were just as successful as nonparasitized nests in certain conditions. The Audubon study concludes, “Conservationists and the public tend to overestimate the significance of parasitism as a major cause of declining songbird populations.”

Cowbird control includes trapping the birds or killing them at roosting sites. The Audubon study questions the need for and the effectiveness of cowbird control. And their questioning includes the statement that “Cowbird control is expensive.” A recent study by the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center argues that habitat changes, more than direct control, might be a more effective solution: “Keys to discouraging cowbird parasitism or controlling populations of brown-headed cowbirds in the Great Plains are maintaining large expanses of grassland, eliminating foraging areas (e.g., feedlots) and perch sites, and reducing the extent of overgrazed pastures.”

The expense of cowbird control is only a small portion of the expense of protecting and reestablishing the endangered songbirds that are affected by the parasitism of the brown-headed cowbird. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has established the 21,436-acre Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge west of Austin, Texas, with the primary purpose of aiding the recovery of the black-capped vireo and the golden-cheeked warbler. The Leon River Restoration Project in Central Texas also targets the recovery of these two species, and the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma is primarily intended to assist black-capped vireo recovery. These are large expenses and do not include other projects or work being done to assist the Kirtland’s warbler and other seriously endangered species that are victimized by both cowbird and human behavior. These Wildlife Refuges are primarily paid for by excise taxes on hunting and fishing activities and benefit many species of flora and fauna beyond the primary species objectives, so these large expenses provide more good results then just offsetting the effects of cowbird parasitism.

Yes, we might consider cowbird behavior to be irresponsible. But surely we humans have been far more irresponsible with our stewardship of Mother Earth. They are unlikely to change. Are we?

Immigration in Nebraska


Chargeback Specialist I

Company Name:
Responsible for research and resolution of customer charge backs. Requires detailed transaction research, analytical skills, and documentation of actions taken including phone calls to merchants, cardholders, and others as appropriate. Applies bank and card industry regulations and practices in resolving disputes. May also compile aggregate statistics on charge backs for use by the company in identifying patterns and improving overall customer service.
Job Requirements
Develops and applies the basic skills appropriate to research, process, and resolve chargeback/reversal requests for 3 or more dispute reason codes specific to 1 of the supported card brands, by utilizing established processes in a multi-client/system environment and adhering to association regulations.
Gathers and analyzes cardholder and/or merchant account transactions to determine if the disputed transactions are covered under federal regulations, organizes supporting information, and applies appropriate credit/debit adjustments to accounts based on the final result of arbitration.
Works basic assignments from work queues as directed. Assists with the segmentation of pending requests from various work queues into the appropriate work flow based on request type and complexity.
Begins to develop an intermediate knowledge, pertaining to a single card brand (i.e. Visa/MasterCard/Discover/Amex), and federal regulations governing credit card chargebacks and reversals through training, online research of regulations, and adhering to department processes and procedures.
Minimum Qualifications
This position is located in McDonough, GA.
High School Diploma or Equivalent -
Preferred Qualifications
0-2 years related work experience handling dispute resolutions throughout the association lifecycle. Experience in Chargebacks and Disputes preferred.
Role Expectations
SKILLS / KNOWLEDGE - Acquires and applies job skills and learns company policies and procedures to complete assigned routine tasks.
Skills / Knowledge - Working knowledge of association and card industry regulations
Job: Managed Services (Call Center)
Organization: Total System Services, Inc.
Title: Chargeback Specialist I
Location: GA-McDonough
Requisition ID: 92637

Don't Be Fooled


The Observatory

The Inequality Observatory is an independent structure, set up by the Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology (CIES), at the University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE-IUL). CIES is in charge of the scientific coordination and the on-going operation of the Inequality Observatory, having as partners the Institute of Sociology, at the University of Porto (IS-UP), and the Centre for Social Studies, at the University of Azores (CES-UA). The Observatory’s activities are carried out by a permanent team and a wider group of researchers collaborating on a voluntary basis.

The Observatory focuses its activities on social inequality issues. In addition to promoting scientific knowledge in this field, it has the mission of making available to the public accurate and updated information and analyses on inequality, fostering citizenship and contributing to the design and evaluation of public policies. The Inequality Observatory is, therefore, a tool for scientific research and knowledge dissemination.

Social inequalities are multidimensional. They are rarely related to a single factor. It is possible to identify inequalities in a large number of social spheres: in employment, income and wealth, education, qualification and skills, gender and age, race and ethnicity, health and lifestyles, among others. This multidimensional character of inequality is one of the most striking features of contemporary societies.

The Portuguese society is no exception to this general framework. The progress observed in the country, at multiple levels, during the recent decades, did not prevent the persistence of various inequalities, while others emerged or became more visible and intolerable in the course of the country’s modernization and development path. With the crisis that emerged in 2008, social inequalities have been increasing in many domains.

The Observatory aims to study inequalities in different dimensions and at different levels, using statistical indicators, international comparison and a wide range of constantly updated research and studies.

The Inequality Observatory is a founding member of the European Network Inequality Watch, which has the participation of other observatories and similar institutions from several countries.

This website was designed as a platform for a wide diversity of information on social inequality issues. It is a portal providing access to different kinds of information such as indicators and studies, publications and interviews, events and links.

Renato Miguel do Carmo (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)

Scientific Council:
António Dornelas † (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)
António Firmino da Costa (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)
Carlos Farinha Rodrigues (ISEG-UTL)
Fernando Luís Machado (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)
Gilberta Rocha (CES-UA)
João Ferreira de Almeida (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)
João Teixeira Lopes (IS-FLUP)
Nuno de Almeida Alves (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)
Paulo Pedroso (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)
Renato Miguel do Carmo (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)
Rui Pena Pires (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)

Frederico Cantante (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)
Ana Rita Matias (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)
Daniela Craveiro (CICS-UM)
Nuno Nunes (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)
Rosário Mauritti (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)
Susana Martins (CIES, ISCTE-IUL)

instituições parceiras


Mission: To Seek and Share Inspiration

Concertos for Orchestra

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LEARN MORE: Nominated for Two Grammys!

Since its founding, the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra (CSO) has maintained an unfaltering commitment to programming and commissioning new works, resulting in a substantial contribution to the standard orchestral repertory.

This rich oeuvre encompasses a wide range of composers, from Aaron Copland to Philip Glass. As part of the CSO’s 2015.2016 season, three exciting international composers were commissioned to compose new Concertos for Orchestra, showcasing the virtuosity, style, and sound of the CSO, thus furthering a genre championed by the likes of Béla Bartók and Witold Lutosławski. The resulting three works featured on this recording represent the culmination of this exciting project, and once again affirms the CSO’s core value of being a place of experimentation.

LENGTH: 34:25

Zhou Tian was born in Hangzhou, China, on December 22, 1981 and currently serves on the faculty of Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan.

The piece was written as a love letter to the symphony orchestra, with passages ranging from epic to extremely intimate. It is scored lushly and mostly tonally through four parts: “Glow” (a voyage to splendidness from a simple theme); “Indigo” (a musical postcard from a walk in the forest one late summer night); “Seeker’s Scherzo” (a restless game to find the true theme); and “Intermezzo - Allegro” (a fierce rhapsody that begins with a lyrical fugue). Behind the power and edginess, there is an unmistakable sense of romanticism in the music, which is also one quality that I found to be true of the Cincinnati Symphony. (Zhou Tian)

Zhou Tian came of age in a new China marked by economic reforms, and was in the United States by his 20th birthday and naturalized in 2015. His teachers here were all American-born, including Jennifer Higdon, Creative Director of the Cincinnati Symphony’s 2012.2013 Boundless Series. He maintains strong ties with his native country, where his choral suite The Grand Canal was performed in 2009 during a nationally televised celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

The third-movement scherzo, “Seeker’s Scherzo”, is based on a lighthearted melody that becomes much more intense in the course of its development, with the momentum continuing unabated right up to the energetic ending. The finale begins with a lyrical “Intermezzo,” in which a growing fugue is formed by the principal players of strings and winds. A timpani solo marked appassionato ushers in the fast tempo. Over a series of rhythmic ostinatos, a vigorous Allegro con brio develops, becoming more and more excited as it progresses. Then Zhou suddenly reduces the orchestration for a prolonged build-up of the entire orchestra, followed by a comeback of the main theme, leading directly to the triumphant conclusion.

LENGTH: 26:37

ORCHESTRATION: 3 flutes (incl. piccolo and alto flute), 2 oboes (incl. English horn), 3 clarinets (incl. E-flat clarinet and bass clarinet), 2 bassoons (incl. contrabassoon), 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum, 2 bongo drums, cymbals a2, gong, marimba, snare dum, 4 tam-tams, 5 tom-toms, tubular bells, vibraphone, whip, xylophone, harp, celeste, piano, strings

Thierry Escaich was born in Nogent-sur-Marne, France on May 8, 1965. A virtuoso organist, he serves at the historic church of St. Étienne-du-Mont in Paris, where one of his predecessors was Maurice Duruflé. He is also an award-winning composer of more than a hundred works that have been performed internationally. The composer calls Psalmos a sinfonia concertante for orchestra

Writing for the British daily The Guardian, music critic Rian Evans recently described the music of Thierry Escaich as “César Franck or Fauré on speed.” This somewhat flippant formulation calls attention to two important aspects of the French composer’s style: first, that he reconnects with 19th-century traditions and second, that there is nothing “retro” about this orientation since he completely reshapes what he takes over. Escaich may bring back elements of tonality that had been almost banned from French music in recent decades, but he handles tonality in a highly original way, with a unique sense of harmony and vibrant, energetic rhythms.

More recent French composers who are frequently mentioned as having influenced Escaich include Ravel, Messiaen and Dutilleux; yet this virtuoso organist and improviser is equally steeped in the music of J.S. Bach. Psalmos, his new work written for the CSO, is based on chorale melodies familiar from the works of Bach (as well as other representatives of the German Lutheran tradition), but it takes those chorale melodies to places they have never been before.

The work opens with a solo flute playing “Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland” (“Now come, Saviour of the Heathens”; the melody is based on the Gregorian hymn “Veni creator gentium”). Escaich had previously used this same chorale in his Evocation III for organ (2008), a work that, in the words of another British reviewer, did not handle his source material with “kid gloves,” and subjected it to “treatment that ranges from tender caresses to the aural equivalent of thwacking it with a blunt instrument.” The same description applies, to some extent, to the new piece as well: after the theme is introduced softly in a slow introduction, it receives a much more dramatic treatment in the ensuing “Vivacissimo.” After small fragments from the theme enter over an agitated repeated-note accompaniment, the chorale is presented in a sharply profiled rhythmic version by the trumpets and trombones. Then, a long, drawn-out decrescendo leads to a more lyrical statement of the chorale melody on the horn, punctuated by the magical sounds of the vibraphone, celesta, harp and piano. The music seems to ‘float away’ at the end, connecting to the second movement, marked “Andante un poco rubato.” Intertwining declamatory melodies played by three solo strings (violin, viola, cello and, later, three cellos or three violas) prepare for “O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden” (“O sacred head, now wounded”), the principal chorale in Bach’s St. Matthew Passion, played here by the woodwind choir and horns. The trumpets immediately respond with “Ein’ feste Burg ist unser Gott” (“A mighty fortress is our God”). Both chorale melodies are treated very freely; their development culminates in a dramatic climax that subsides as the oboe brings back “Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland.” A rhapsodic cello solo brings this movement to its close.

The third movement (“Allegro giocoso”) plays the role of the scherzo in this four-movement sinfonia concertante. Over an excited ostinato in mixed meters played by the marimba and the vibraphone, we hear various chorale-like fragments until, finally, “Nun komm’” bursts forth one more time on violas and cellos accompanied by low winds and piano, followed by “Ein’ feste Burg” on trumpets. The ostinato gives way to a hymn-like statement of this most famous of Lutheran chorales, transitioning into the final “Allegro”, a colorful fantasy on the same melody. The work ends in a glorious tutti, with a unison C played in triple forte, reviving— and re-validating—a traditional closing gesture that nevertheless sounds very 21st century in this context.

LENGTH: 34:52

ORCHESTRATION: 3 flutes (incl. piccolo), 3 oboes (incl. English horn), 3 clarinets (incl. bass clarinet), 3 bassoons (incl. contrabassoon), 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, snare drum, crotale, cymbals a2, anvil, triangle, xylophone, vibraphone, glockenspiel, high hat, bass drum, guiro, whistle, suspended cymbals, castanets, tom-tom, brake drum, tambour de basque, 2 suspended cymbals, 3 wood blocks, harp, piano, strings

Sebastian Currier was born in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, on March 16, 1959, and grew up in Providence, Rhode Island. He currently serves as Artist-in-Residence at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.

FLEX is a 35-minute, six-movement “concerto for orchestra” by an American composer who has been equally acclaimed on both sides of the Atlantic. Performed by the Berlin Philharmonic and championed by the great German violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter, Sebastian Currier’s music has also been embraced by many major American symphony orchestras and chamber ensembles. In 2007, the composer received the Grawemeyer Award from the University of Louisville, informally known as the “Nobel Prize” of music. This honor only confirmed Currier’s prominent position in the new-music world of the early 21st century.

In his Cincinnati commission, Currier combines high-energy, driving rhythms with dazzling instrumental colors and transparent musical structures that make the layering of the musical material relatively easy to follow, without ever becoming predictable.

The first movement, “In the Spotlight,” features individual orchestral instruments taking turns “in the spotlight” with short virtuoso phrases, as if taking solo bows one after another, against the background of a rhythmic ostinato (“obstinately” repeated figure) in the strings. The title of the second movement, “Fifteen Versions of the Same Phrase,” describes exactly what happens in the music. The phrase in question, which echoes a trumpet melody from the first movement, is introduced by the solo clarinet. One of its recurrent elements, the triplet (group of three equal notes) provides an audible link to the other movements. As this brief theme is repeated fourteen more times by various instruments, the dynamics, harmonization, sound color and rhythm are all significantly altered while the melodic line remains unchanged.

The third movement, “Micro-Variations,” continues the variation idea in a less direct way. Here as before, the musical material is composed of small melodic-rhythmic units, which seem related to earlier material, but the development of those units incorporates a wider range of textures and characters than was the case before.

The fourth movement is entitled “Echoes, Canons, and a Minuet.” The theme, derived from the earlier triplet idea, is subjected to some intricate contrapuntal procedures. The final portion, the “minuet,” relates to the classical dance form only indirectly; instead of the typical melodic and rhythmic formulas usually found in minuets, the classics are merely hinted at: it is the gentle and elegant demeanor of the theme that alludes to bygone times.

Movement 5, “Alone and Together,” juxtaposes solo and tutti in a rather dramatic way. The earlier triplet idea reappears in a number of new guises as a succession of solos—reminiscent of a play where each character has his or her turn to speak—is followed by a quartet for flute, clarinet, trumpet and cello.

Movement 6, “Group Dynamics,” brings the whole orchestra together in a vibrant texture of intense rhythmic activity. Yet individual voices soon begin to assert themselves within the group, which won’t reunite until the concluding section of the piece.

—Peter Laki

Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra Music Director Louis Langrée is one of the most sought-after conductors in the world today. Under his musical leadership, the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra (CSO) has undertaken a multitude of innovative artistic projects garnering praise from audiences and critics alike. The French conductor also serves as Music Director of Lincoln Center’s Mostly Mozart Festival, a position he has held since 2002.

Mr. Langrée has conducted the Berlin, London and Vienna Philharmonics, as well as period-instrument ensembles such as the Freiburg Baroque Orchestra, Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, and Orchestre des Champs-Elysées. He has a longterm relationship with the Metropolitan Opera and Vienna State Opera, and has conducted at the Munich State Opera and Milan’s La Scala.

Festival appearances have included the Vienna Festival, Mozartwoche Salzburg, BBC Proms, Glyndebourne Festival, and Aix-en-Provence Festival. Deeply committed to music of our time, Mr. Langrée has conducted world premieres by such composers as Magnus Lindberg, Manfred Trojahn, Daníel Bjarnason, and Caroline Shaw.

Mr. Langrée’s first commercial recording with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra featured Copland’s A Lincoln Portrait (narrated by Dr. Maya Angelou) and world premieres by Nico Muhly and David Lang. Mr. Langrée’s recordings have received several awards from Gramophone and Midem Classical. La Traviata, recorded at the Aix-en-Provence Festival with the London Symphony Orchestra for Virgin Classics, was released on DVD and awarded a Diapason d’Or.

Louis Langrée is a Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur and a Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres.

The Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra (CSO), which also performs as the Cincinnati Pops, is one of America’s finest and most versatile ensembles. With a determination for greatness and a rich tradition that dates back over 120 years, the internationally acclaimed CSO attracts the best musicians, artists and conductors from around the world to Cincinnati. With new commissions and groundbreaking initiatives like LUMENOCITY®, One City, One Symphony®, and the MusicNOW Festival collaboration, the Orchestra is committed to being a place of experimentation.


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Antigone (The Oedipus Plays) | Discussion Questions 41 - 50

In Antigone what does Creon's response to Teiresias in Episode 5 reveal about his personality?

Creon's response to his trusted prophet, Teiresias, reveals the full breadth of Creon's blindness and arrogance. Rather than listen (as he promised to in Episode 1) to an adviser, he hears advice he doesn't like and throws a tantrum in response, accusing Teiresias of taking bribes for money. Creon's response also shows how out of touch with reality he has become, increasingly paranoid that others are out to get him. Haemon's cautions from Episode 3 begin to take hold as well, showing Creon to be a ruler who listens to no one but himself, which puts all his citizens and family at risk. Even though Creon eventually realizes his error his realization comes too late, which again shows how his hubris is a tragic flaw.

How do the Chorus's views of Creon change over the course of Antigone?

The Chorus starts out skeptical of Creon's intentions, telling him in Episode 1 that "it seems to me you now control all laws concerning those who've died and us as well—the ones who are still living." What they are politely hinting at here is that he may have overstepped his bounds with the gods, since to deny a body burial and funeral rites is to defy the gods' will. They also try to deflect the task of protecting Creon's proclamation to "younger men," realizing that the citizens of Thebes won't support it. They also advise Creon that he would be wise to listen to the advice of Haemon about reversing Antigone's punishment. By the end of the play the Chorus finds it difficult to truly pity Creon since he brought on his tragic fate through his own actions. In the Exodus they sadly remind him (and the audience) that the "boasts of arrogant men bring on great blows of punishment."

In Antigone what does Creon's preoccupation with money reveal about his character?

Creon's preoccupation with money and bribery reflect the fundamental distrust he feels for those around him who don't tell him what he wants to hear. Since he can't rationalize that the guard and Teiresias might be right in their stories, he jumps to wild conclusions in order to maintain what he wants to see and believe. If Creon has so little faith in those who are trying to help him, it makes it hard to trust him as a leader—he appears paranoid and suspicious rather than welcoming of advice and insight. He sees trust as something that can be bought and sold rather than earned.

Does Antigone provide evidence to support Haemon's argument to Creon that an act of disobedience can also be admirable?

The play supports Haemon's claim that an act of disobedience such as Antigone's can also be admirable. Though the Chorus doesn't come right out and support Antigone's disobedience—since it is their duty to support Creon—they do commend her for taking fate into her own hands. The citizens of Thebes also support Antigone over Creon and find her actions admirable since they honor the laws of the gods, who demand proper burial and funeral rites for corpses. The audience can also find sympathy for Antigone as her reaction and decisions to honor a family member are relatable even if they are unlawful.

In Antigone in what ways is Antigone a feminist by modern standards?

Antigone would most likely be considered a feminist by modern standards. Even though the concept of feminism didn't exist in ancient Greece, Antigone refuses to bow to the gender roles that were cast for men and women of that era. Ismene cautions her in Episode 1: "We must remember that by birth we're women, and, as such, we shouldn't fight with men." Yet Antigone forges ahead with her plans despite the punishment she will face, and she doesn't back down from Creon even when he tries to shame her and get her to admit her guilt. Her confidence and stubbornness align her with the men of her era, so it's no wonder Creon finds her a threat.

In Antigone what is the effect on characterization of Antigone's agon, or debate, with Creon in Episode 2?

The agon, or debate, between Antigone and Creon in Episode 2 serves to show the distance between their beliefs about justice and law and how similar their stubborn mentalities are. An agon was the traditional means by which a debate was settled in the law courts of ancient Greece, and both Creon and Antigone state their beliefs in the hope of making the other understand their position. Creon accuses her of breaking a law, but Antigone reminds him, "Zeus did not announce those laws to me." As she sees it Zeus's laws override those of mortals such as Creon's, and so she is not worried about her punishment by him. She also reveals that she doesn't see death as a punishment—rather she welcomes it and insists she's "being charged with foolishness by someone who's a fool." It's notable that Creon's response is addressed to the Chorus rather than Antigone since he feels he doesn't need to defend his laws to a woman, and he changes the debate to be about her inferiority as a woman. Creon's remark shows Antigone as the one making a logical defense rather than an attack on gender in the way that Creon does.

In Antigone in what ways can Creon, rather than Antigone, be viewed as the main character of the play?

Although Creon serves as the antagonist of Antigone, he sets much of the action of the play into motion. In some ways Antigone serves as his antagonist since she successfully thwarts his plans to be a powerful ruler. Many of the scenes feature Creon, and other minor characters play off of him. Creon also undergoes a transformation in his personality, realizing only too late the errors of his ways and the importance of his family over his laws. In this way he can also be considered a tragic hero, or a character whose error in judgment brings about his downfall.

In Antigone how are the images of burials, caves, prisons, and the Underworld linked?

A burial, and a lack of one, are what set the plot of Antigone in motion and drive much of the conflict of the play. One of Antigone's brothers is given a proper burial and funeral rites, and one is left unburied and unmourned, an action that offends the gods. Creon also punishes Antigone by burying her alive in a cave, and Teiresias points out the paradox to Creon in Episode 5 that he chose to bury Antigone alive, underground, while he allows her brother's corpse to remain unburied above ground. These motifs create a great deal of linked imagery surrounding the ways that life and death intermix throughout the play. The purpose of these linked images shows how, even in life, one can be closely affected by death and how a prison can also be a tomb in the making. In many ways Antigone anticipates and welcomes her impending death, seeing herself as a martyr who will suffer her doomed imprisonment for a cause. Antigone sees the Underworld as more important than the world of the living since the majority of her family members have died and await her there. She reminds Creon in Episode 2, "In the world below perhaps [my] actions are no crime." This link between the living world and the Underworld is also important since mortals believed that all of their actions while living would have a direct impact on their lives (and the lives of their departed loved ones) in the Underworld.

In Antigone what does Antigone's shift in attitude in Episode 4 reveal about her character?

In Episode 4 Antigone undergoes a shift in her defiant attitude once she realizes that her death is imminent. Even though she has stated that she welcomes her punishment and the possibility of death in order to please the gods and be reunited with her departed family, Episode 4 finds her forlorn and hopeless, lamenting the life she is giving up as a future bride and mother. This portrayal of Antigone as vulnerable serves to reveal her as a more human and relatable character for the audience, who can surely understand her final apprehension and wistfulness. In effect Antigone shifts from an idealized, stubborn martyr to a complex woman with conflicting feelings about her decision.

In Antigone what is the effect of Creon's final lament in the Exodus?

Creon's last lines of the play reveal a man who is tormented by grief and guilt and who finally understands the full weight of his actions. He says, "How useless I am now. I don't know where to look or find support. Everything I touch goes wrong, and on my head fate climbs up with its overwhelming load." Creon's actions have left him utterly alone and without support or love, and he has no identity anymore as a leader, father, or husband, rendering him "useless." He also understands that, even though he brought about the consequences through his actions, fate in the form of divine punishment is paying him back. These lines serve to make Creon a more sympathetic character since he seems to have come to a fuller realization of his actions and their consequences and the tragedy that nothing he can do can change his fate.

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POLICE are using cartoon character Fred Flintstone's famous catchphrase in the fight against crime.

And the Cheshire Constabulary scheme has already gained national recognition after being highlighted in new weekly men's magazine Nuts.

The force's new criminal catcher - the Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) unit - alerts officers that offenders are on the move by the sound of Fred's voice.

It hones in on car number plates and, if the registration matches that of an offending car on the police computer, it blares out his catchphrase 'Yabba Dabba Doo!'.

Except, of course, Cheshire police want criminals to 'Yabba Dabba Don't'.

Officers are using the ANPR system to target those in stolen cars, those without tax or insurance, and persistent crooks who are travelling into the county.

Once identified, their vehicles are all intercepted, stopped and checked thoroughly.

And the message to offenders is: Don't bother travelling on our roads as you will be caught.

Superintendent Richard Strachan, of the Cheshire police road policing unit, said: 'This is just one of many ANPR initiatives we are conducting on a regular basis throughout the county.

'The new ANPR team helps officers to identify persistent criminals who think they are anonymous travelling on a packed motorway.

'We're here to tell them they're not and they'll be caught.'

Police have reassured motorists that the ANPR does not monitor vehicle speed.

It works by scanning passing motor registrations and checking them against police intelligence.

This identifies vehicles of interest to the police, such as stolen cars or those involved in crime.

When a suspicious vehicle is recognised, it can be the focus of targeted interception and further enquiries.


Personalized Prayers by Noam Weintraub

This week’s Parashah contains the source for Tefilat Ma’ariv. The Pasuk states, “VaYifga BaMakom VaYalen Sham,” “[Yaakov] encountered the place and spent the night there” (BeReishit 28:11), and the Gemara derives that the word VaYifga does not mean “encounter” in this case, but rather is an expression of prayer (Berachot 26b). The Gemara also explains that in this Seifer, Avraham institutes the prayer of Shacharit, and Yitzchak establishes the Tefilah of Minchah. These inferences of the Talmud lead to the following question: does Avraham Daven Minchah and Ma’ariv, and the other two Avot’s prayers merely serve as the sources for those Tefillot, or do Yitzchak and Yaakov actually institute Minchah and Ma’ariv? Similar to many of the answers of many Torah questions, the answer is subject to a Machloket.

According to Tosafot (ibid. s.v. Yitzchak Tikein), after Yitzchak begins Davening Minchah, Avraham does as well. However, neither Davens Ma’ariv, as neither would have seen Yaakov Daven that Tefilah. Conversely, according to the Penei Yehoshua, Avraham Davens Minchah and Ma’ariv as well because he observes the entire Torah, as the Pasuk states, “VaYishmor Mishmarti Mitzvotai Chukotai VeTorotai,” “[Avraham] observed My safeguards, My commandments, My decrees, and My Torahs” (BeReishit 26:5). Through these Tefilot, he is able to fulfill the Mitzvah of the Korbanot Tamid. However, Avraham ascribes a special importance to Shacharit, just as Yitzchak does with Minchah and Yaakov does with Ma’ariv.

These answers both raise additional questions. Why do Yitzchak and Yaakov either institute the new prayers of Minchah and Ma’ariv or add importance to them to supplement their

purposes of replacements for Korbanot? In addition, why does each forefather choose to pray at the time he does?

My brother, Rabbi Elon Weintraub, suggests that the time of day that each forefather prays corresponds to the attribute that he represents. Avraham Davens in the morning because he emphasizes the concept of Zerizut, excitement to do Mitzvot. He does so by waking up early to perform Mitzvot as the Pasuk describes regarding Akeidat Yitzchak, “VaYashkeim Avraham BaBoker,” “Avraham woke up early in the morning” (BeReishit22:3). Yitzchak institutes Minchah because it represents his attribute of Gevurah, strength. Minchah entails the difficulty of stopping one’s activity in the middle of the day to pray, and Yitzchak prays outdoors in the field during the day. Yaakov stresses Torah study, as the Torah describes him as an “Ish Tam Yosheiv Ohalim,” “A wholesome man, residing in tents [of Torah study]” (25:27). Rambam explains that Torah study is special at night because if one does not learn Torah at night, it is as if he has never learned Torah in his life (Hilchot Talmud Torah 3:13). Therefore, Yaakov prays during the night to emphasize his personal connection with that time.

Each of the Avot is able to channel his particular strength into fostering a stronger connection with Hashem. Hopefully, we can learn from them and use our God-given gifts to honor and serve HaKadosh Baruch Hu.

- Including ideas from Rav Moshe Weinberg

Booting Ourselves Up by Rabbi Chaim Poupko

Below Minimum Wage? By Moshe Kollmar


Inverse Functions

An inverse function goes the other way!

Let us start with an example:

The Inverse Function goes the other way:

The inverse is usually shown by putting a little "-1" after the function name, like this:

We say "f inverse of y"

So, the inverse of f(x) = 2x+3 is written:

(I also used y instead of x to show that we are using a different value.)

Back to Where We Started

The cool thing about the inverse is that it should give us back the original value:

banana f() to apple f()-inverse back to banana
When the function f turns the apple into a banana,
Then the inverse function f-1 turns the banana back to the apple

Using the formulas from above, we can start with x=4:

f(4) = 2×4+3 = 11

We can then use the inverse on the 11:

f-1(11) = (11-3)/2 = 4

And we magically get 4 back again!

We can write that in one line:

f-1( f(4) ) = 4

"f inverse of   f of 4   equals 4"

f-1( f(x) ) = x

f( f-1(x) ) = x

Start with:

And then:

f(4) = 2×4+3 = 11

So we can say:

f( f-1(11) ) = 11

"f of   f inverse of 11   equals 11"

Solve Using Algebra

We can work out the inverse using Algebra. Put "y" for "f(x)" and solve for x:

The function:   f(x) = 2x+3
Put "y" for "f(x)":   y = 2x+3
Subtract 3 from both sides:   y-3 = 2x
Divide both sides by 2:   (y-3)/2 = x
Swap sides:   x = (y-3)/2
Solution (put "f-1(y)" for "x") :   f-1(y) = (y-3)/2

This method works well for more difficult inverses.

Fahrenheit to Celsius

A useful example is converting between Fahrenheit and Celsius:

To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius:f(F) = (F - 32) × 59
The Inverse Function (Celsius back to Fahrenheit):f-1(C) = (C × 95) + 32

For you: see if you can do the steps to create that inverse!

Inverses of Common Functions

It has been easy so far, because we know the inverse of Multiply is Divide, and the inverse of Add is Subtract, but what about other functions?

Here is a list to help you:

Inverses Careful!
add <=> Subtract
Multiply <=> Divide Don't divide by zero
1x <=> 1y x and y not zero
x2 <=> sqrt-y x and y ≥ 0
xn <=> nth-root-y or y^(1/n) n not zero
(different rules when n is odd, even, negative or positive)
ex <=> ln(y) y > 0
ax <=> loga(y) y and a > 0
sin(x) <=> sin-1(y) -π/2 to +π/2
cos(x) <=> cos-1(y) 0 to π
tan(x) <=> tan-1(y) -π/2 to +π/2

(Note: you can read more about Inverse Sine, Cosine and Tangent.)

Did you see the "Careful!" column above? That is because some inverses work only with certain values.

Example: Square and Square Root

When we square a negative number, and then do the inverse, this happens:

Square:(−2)2 = 4
Inverse (Square Root): √(4) = 2

But we didn't get the original value back! We got 2 instead of −2. Our fault for not being careful!

So the square function (as it stands) does not have an inverse

But we can fix that!

Restrict the Domain (the values that can go into a function).

Example: (continued)

Just make sure we don't use negative numbers.

In other words, restrict it to x ≥ 0 and then we can have an inverse.

So we have this situation:

No Inverse?

Let us see graphically what is going on here:

To be able to have an inverse we need unique values.

Just think ... if there are two or more x-values for one y-value, how do we know which one to choose when going back?

General Function
General Function
notNo Inverse

Imagine we came from x1 to a particular y value, where do we go back to? x1 or x2?

In that case we can't have an inverse.

But if we can have exactly one x for every y we can have an inverse.

Bijective Function
Bijective Function
notHas an Inverse

A function has to be "Bijective" to have an inverse.

Domain and Range

So what is all this talk about "Restricting the Domain"?

domain and range graph

In its simplest form the domain is all the values that go into a function (and the range is all the values that come out).

As it stands the function above does not have an inverse, because some y-values will have more than one x-value.

doman and range

But we could restrict the domain so there is a unique x for every y ...

doman and range

... and now we can have an inverse:

Note also:

Let's plot them both in terms of x ... so it is now f-1(x), not f-1(y):

doman and range

f(x) and f-1(x) are like mirror images
(flipped about the diagonal).

In other words:

The graph of f(x) and f-1(x) are symmetric across the line y=x

Example: Square and Square Root (continued)

First, we restrict the Domain to x ≥ 0:

x^2 vs square  root x
And you can see they are "mirror images"
of each other about the diagonal y=x.

x^2 vs -square  root x

Note: when we restrict the domain to x ≤ 0 (less than or equal to 0) the inverse is then f-1(x) = −√x:

Which are inverses, too.

Not Always Solvable!

Example: f(x) = x/2 + sin(x)

We cannot work out the inverse of this, because we cannot solve for "x":

y = x/2 + sin(x)

y ... ? = x

Notes on Notation

Even though we write f-1(x), the "-1" is not an exponent (or power):

f-1(x) different to... f(x)-1
Inverse of the function f   f(x)-1 = 1/f(x)
(the Reciprocal)


Course plan

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Environmental Engineering BA (A), Environmental Engineering EkoT2, 7.5 Credits

General data

Code: MÖ014G
Subject/Main field: Miljöteknik
Cycle: First cycle
Progression: (A)
Credits: 7.5
Answerable department: Department of Ecotechnology and Sustainable Building Engineering
Answerable faculty: Faculty of Science, Technology and Media
Established: 3/3/2010
Date of change: 3/8/2016
Version valid from: 3/15/2016

The course objective is that the student will obtain knowledge about technology and technical practices that help reduce environmental impact and efficient use of natural resources.

Course objectives

After completion of the course the student should be able to:
- explain basic environmental engineering concepts
- explain basic principles to minimize environmental impact
- explain different technologies for renewable energy generation
- be able to make basic energy systems calculations
explain different transportation systems and its environmental effects
- discuss and calculate air pollution
- explain problems around solid and hazardous waste management
- explain and calculate ionizing radiation

The course contains the following: Material and energy balances, energy resources, renewable energy, waste management, air pollution control, transportation systems analysis, ionizing radiation.

Entry requirements

Environmental engineering BA (A) 7.5 credits
(OB 8)

Selection rules and procedures

Examination form

Written web based exam. Written assignments and oral presentations during the course.

Grading criteria can be found at

Grading system

Course reading

Required literature

Author: Mackenzie L. Davis, Susan J. Masten.
Title: Principles of environmental engineering and science
Edition: 3
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
Comment: 848 pp, ISBN: 978-1-259-06047-2


P.S. Realistic CAS-002 questions pool are available on Google Drive, GET MORE: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1i-DSDDbU7Ij9pDq-9iid94VozRUrxe72

New CompTIA CAS-002 Exam Dumps Collection (Question 13 - Question 22)

New Questions 13

A. Only security related alerts should be forwarded to the network team for resolution.

Answer: C

New Questions 14

The Information Security Officer (ISO) is reviewing new policies that have been recently made effective and now apply to the company. Upon review, the ISO identifies a new requirement to implement two-factor authentication on the companyu2019s wireless system. Due to budget constraints, the company will be unable to implement the requirement for the next two years. The ISO is required to submit a policy exception form to the Chief Information Officer (CIO). Which of the following are MOST important to include when submitting the exception form? (Select THREE).

A. Business or technical justification for not implementing the requirements.

B. Risks associated with the inability to implement the requirements.

D. All section of the policy that may justify non-implementation of the requirements.

A. E. A revised DRP and COOP plan to the exception form.

G. Current and planned controls to mitigate the risks.

Answer: A,B,G

New Questions 15

In a situation where data is to be recovered from an attackeru2019s location, which of the following are the FIRST things to capture? (Select TWO).

A. Removable media

B. Passwords written on scrap paper

C. Snapshots of data on the monitor

D. Documents on the printer

E. Volatile system memory

F. System hard drive

Answer: C,E

New Questions 16

Answer: B

New Questions 17

An organization has had six security incidents over the past year against their main web application. Each time the organization was able to determine the cause of the incident and restore operations within a few hours to a few days. Which of the following provides the MOST comprehensive method for reducing the time to recover?

A. Create security metrics that provide information on response times and requirements to determine the best place to focus time and money.

B. Conduct a loss analysis to determine which systems to focus time and money towards increasing security.

C. Implement a knowledge management process accessible to the help desk and finance departments to estimate cost and prioritize remediation.

D. Develop an incident response team, require training for incident remediation, and provide incident reporting and tracking metrics.

Answer: D

New Questions 18

A security consultant is called into a small advertising business to recommend which security policies and procedures would be most helpful to the business. The business is comprised of 20 employees, operating off of two shared servers. One server houses employee data and the other houses client data. All machines are on the same local network. Often these employees must work remotely from client sites, but do not access either of the servers remotely. Assuming no security policies or procedures are in place right now, which of the following would be the MOST applicable for implementation? (Select TWO).

A. Password Policy

B. Data Classification Policy

C. Wireless Access Procedure

D. VPN Policy

E. Database Administrative Procedure

Answer: A,B

New Questions 19

A. Insecure direct object references, CSRF, Smurf

B. Privilege escalation, Application DoS, Buffer overflow

C. SQL injection, Resource exhaustion, Privilege escalation

D. CSRF, Fault injection, Memory leaks

Answer: A

New Questions 20

A business wants to start using social media to promote the corporation and to ensure that customers have a good experience with their products. Which of the following security items should the company have in place before implementation? (Select TWO).

A. The company must dedicate specific staff to act as social media representatives of the company.

B. All staff needs to be instructed in the proper use of social media in the work environment.

C. Senior staff blogs should be ghost written by marketing professionals.

D. The finance department must provide a cost benefit analysis for social media.

E. The security policy needs to be reviewed to ensure that social media policy is properly implemented.

F. The company should ensure that the company has sufficient bandwidth to allow for social media traffic.

Answer: A,E

New Questions 21

The Chief Information Officer (CIO) is reviewing the IT centric BIA and RA documentation. The documentation shows that a single 24 hours downtime in a critical business function

will cost the business $2.3 million. Additionally, the business unit which depends on the critical business function has determined that there is a high probability that a threat will materialize based on historical data. The CIOu2019s budget does not allow for full system hardware replacement in case of a catastrophic failure, nor does it allow for the purchase of additional compensating controls. Which of the following should the CIO recommend to the finance director to minimize financial loss?

A. The company should mitigate the risk.

B. The company should transfer the risk.

C. The company should avoid the risk.

D. The company should accept the risk.

Answer: B

New Questions 22

C. Instrument the operational network; simulate extra traffic on the network; analyze net flow information from all network devices; document the baseline volume of traffic.

Answer: A

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FPSC Patrol Officer NH&MP Past Paper Page-8

71) In which year Dr. Abdul Salam was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics?
(A) 1973
(B) 1975
(C) 1979
(D) 1983

72) CPU stands for
(A) Central Processing Unit
(B) Central Programming Unit
(C) Control Processing Unit
(D) Control Programming Unit

73) What is Black Hole?
(A) Hypothetical region of the space
(B) Hole in California
(C) Sink hole in the lake
(D) Region between mantle and crest of the earth

74) Who discovered Penicillin
(A) Alexander Flaming
(B) Louis Pasteur
(C) Nell Boher
(D) None of these

75) One meter is equal to
(A) 100 millimeter
(B) 1000 millimeter
(C) 500 millimeter
(D) 10000 millimeter

76) When a book is sold for Rs 76 the gain is 52%. The gain when it is sold for Rs 74 is?
(A) 44%
(B) 48%
(C) 46%
(D) 50%

77) The length of the longest pole that can be placed in a room 12 m long and 9 m wide and 8 m high is
(A) 12 m
(B) 14 m
(C) 17 m
(D) 21 m

78) A rectangle has a length of 10 cm and a perimeter of 30 cm. Find the width of the rectangle
(A) 5 cm
(B) 10 cm
(C) 15 cm
(D) 20 cm

79) Working 8 hours a day, a work is done in 5 days. For how many hours a day the work is done if it is finished in 4 days?
(A) 8 hrs
(B) 10 hrs
(C) 12 hrs
(D) 16 hrs

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This visually dramatic land, created by the forces of the ice age, continues to be sculptured by nature.  The Sleeping Bear Dunes were a landmark for early Indians and sailors as well as today's astronauts on their space flights.

French fur traders inhabited the area in the 1800s.  In the 1800s, the Great Lakes became major avenues of commerical shipping. Docks were built on the Manitou Island to furnish cord wood to fuel the ships.  The first mainland Leelanau County settler established a trading post in 1847 near the mouth of the Crystal River.  The wife of one of the early settlers admired the trees covered with grape vines and named the community "Glen Arbor."

In 1886, D.H. Day bought large tracts of land including all of Glen Haven.  He fervently beleived in and promoted hte area's future.  HE produced lumber at his Glen Lake sawmill, replanted trees for second growth, planted fruit orchards and established a cannery at his dock in Glen Haven.

People have been drawn to the beauty of the area for many years, including many writeres and artists who have established homes and galleries here.  The creation of the 72,000 acre Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in 1971 assured that future generations would also be able to experience and enjoy the unique, pristine beauty of this land.


Thursday, 6 March 2014

Scan Line Seed Fill Algorithm

A seed pixel on a span is popped from a stack containing the seed pixel.
The span containing the seed pixel is filled to the right and left of seed pixel along a scan line until a boundary is found.
The algorithm remembers the extreme left and the extreme right pixel in the span as xleft and xright.
In the range of xleft ≤ x ≤ xright the scan lines immediately above & immediately below the current scan line are examined to see if they completely contain either boundary pixels or previously filled points. If these scan lines do not contain either boundary or previously filled pixels, then in the range Xleft ≥ x ≥ Xright the extreme right pixel in 0each span is marked as a seed pixel and pushed onto the stack.
The Seed Fill Algorithms assume that at least one pixel is interior to a polygon or region is known. The algorithm then attempts to find and color or fill all other pixels interior to the region.
1).Start with a point known to be contained within the polygon. This is the seed.
2).Set the buffer for this seed and draw it.


Search for survivors after Italian motorway collapse kills 26

A fire service spokesperson told AFP that the bridge had mostly fallen on rail tracks 100 metres below and that cars and trucks had fallen with the rubble.

More than 400 people were evacuated from 11 buildings located near or below the still-standing of the bridge, the city said.

"People living in Genoa use this bridge twice a day", said Deputy Transport Minister Edoardo Rixi, who is from the city. "Obviously for me, it is not", said Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini, head of the right-wing League, part of the ruling coalition.

Authorities said at least 30 cars and three heavy duty vehicles were on the 80-metre section of the bridge that collapsed.

Davide Capello, a soccer player, was on a motorway bridge in Genoa in Italy when it collapsed.

Asked about the collapse on a live broadcast, Mr Salvini responded: "We should ask ourselves whether respecting these (budget) limits is more important than the safety of Italian citizens".

It is not yet clear what caused the bridge to collapse, which came as maintenance work was being done on the bridge and as the Liguria region experienced torrential rainfall.

"There has not been sufficient maintenance and checks, and safety work for many bridges and viaducts and bridges in Italy constructed - nearly all - during the 1960s", he said.

After the collapse in Genoa, several people were pulled from the rubble alive, according to Italian media reports. It called for a "Marshall Plan" to fix or replace tens of thousands of bridges and viaducts built in the 1950s and 1960s.

Transportation Minister Danilo Toninelli called the collapse "an enormous tragedy", adding that if negligence played a role, "whoever made a mistake must pay".

Autostrade, a unit of infrastructure group Atlantia that is controlled by the Benetton family, manages the section of the toll highway that collapsed. The prosecutor's office in Genoa said it was ready to open a criminal inquiry.

Mr Brencich had already raised the alarm over the danger posed by the bridge in 2016, calling its span "a failure of engineering".

A former goalkeeper for Italian Serie A club Cagliari survived the deadly collapse of a motorway viaduct in Genoa on Tuesday despite going down with the bridge in his vehicle and finishing among the rubble.

A witness told Sky Italia television he saw "eight or nine " vehicles on the bridge when it collapsed in what he said was an "apocalyptic scene".

The disaster occurred on a highway that connects Italy to France and other vacation resorts on the eve of a major Italian holiday on Wednesday, Ferragosto, and traffic would have been heavier than usual as many Italians travelled to beaches or mountains.

"This bridge has had quite a lot of maintenance work", said Ian Firth, past president of the UK-based Institution of Structural Engineers, and a structural engineer specialising in bridges.

As cranes moved in to shift truck-sized chunks of broken concrete, hundreds of firefighters searched for survivors, while public shock and grief turned to anger over the state of the 1.2 km-long bridge, completed in 1967 and overhauled two years ago.


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Why Teamwork Matters at Every Level Essay

When teams start missing deadlines, employers need to know the main obstacles that are preventing workers from delivering on time. Leaders need this information so they can create impactful changes that help teams collaborate more fully. But what if employers instead create issues by perpetuating bad teamwork?

The July 2016 from VitalSmarts found a disparity between how employers and employees perceive competition. While leaders say they value teamwork in the workplace, employees say they believe employers really want to see staff compete with one another.

It's time to clear up the confusion: Let’s take a look at some of the biggest obstacles hurting teamwork and how employers can improve collaboration in the workplace.

Use real-time visuals.

To function effectively as a team, workers must understand how they function within the bigger picture. People might disengage if they don’t realize how integral their work is to the larger operation.

Start tracking performance data and share it with employees so they develop a deeper understanding of how they fit into the company.Employees acknowledge how important this is to their performance. Zenger Folkman’s 2014  study looked at 2,700 employers and employees and learned that 72 percent of employees said they thought their performance would improve if managers provided corrective feedback.

Showing employees how their role matters can motivate and inspire them to improve their performance. Feedback also allows workers to see their progress. Employers can use real-time performance analytics to initiate constructive dialogue with employees, including solutions-oriented feedback as part of the discussion. These sit-downs should be ongoing so employees can stay on task and address potential teamwork issues if and when they arise.

Encourage solutions-oriented thinking.

When problems arise, how do teams react? What is the employee mindset? Do team members feel as if they’re scraping by and merely putting out fires?

Focus on shifting their perspective. Employees should look for solutions and stay positive, especially when pressure is high.

Teams plagued by negativity and pessimism are more prone to missing deadlines. The optimist thinks about how to overcome challenges instead of complaining about roadblocks.

Employees should collaborate and confront these obstacles by asking what will be most productive in the moment. Trigger optimism when challenges arise, then break the large concern down into smaller, more manageable tasks. Finally, make a collective decision on how each person will contribute in the new approach.

Properly delegating duties is key to improving teamwork. Train supervisors and managers on prioritizing asks, align their assignments with employee strengths and always include detailed instructions on how to move forward. Set up employees for success.

Implement transparency.

Embracing a transparent culture can help get team members on the same page. When employees don’t trust their employer, they might tend to be pessimistic or their performance may suffer. Either can cause teams to miss their deadlines.

Employee distrust is not as uncommon as one would think. One quarter of the 1,562 workers surveyed for the American Psychological Association's  reported that they didn't trust their employer. Only about half believed their employer was open and up-front with them.

Solutions come easier when companies are transparent. That’s why it’s best to share important information such as performance metrics and progress reports. This practice not only teaches accountability but also shows respect and trust.

Transparency makes it easier to align projects and tasks because the big picture is obvious to everyone. When major company news breaks — such as department mergers or an upcoming acquisition — employees and management can brainstorm on how to best prepare and execute an effective plan.

Start recognizing employees.

An employee recognition program is a great tool to further engage and motivate workers — it can help boost job satisfaction and keep productivity high.

Encourage employees to recognize their peers, as well. The

Need essay sample on "Why Teamwork Matters at Every Level"? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you for only $ 13.90/page

 surveyed more than 200,000 employees. Participants reported that an employee’s peers are the No. 1 reason they go the extra mile at work.

All levels of employees should participate in peer recognition, and that includes managers who celebrate their fellow managers’ successes. When colleagues uplift their teammates, everyone feels motivated and teamwork improves. This reinforces how the collective efforts of each individual can yield success on a larger scale.

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We’re Hiring: Community Action Director

We’re Hiring: Community Action Director

Position is available now and will remain open until filled.

Front and Centered is a statewide, communities of color coalition working to achieve environmental justice by asserting policy solutions that center equity and racial justice. Our members are the leadership of communities first and worst hit by environmental and climate impacts: communities of color and indigenous communities. Together, we are working to build the power and capacity of a statewide movement for racial, economic, and environmental justice. We do this by growing our members’ leadership and power to change laws, reverse destruction of the environment and our communities, rebalance the economy and political power, and build up healthy communities.

We envision a future where our communities and the earth are healed and thriving, our people have dignified work and the building blocks of opportunity and prosperity, and our government values, respects, and represents us. We are working for sovereignty, resilience, and self-sufficiency for our communities so that future generations can thrive. We strive to make racial inequities on all issues a thing of the past, and to ensure that people of color and indigenous people are at the forefront of building equitable, democratic systems and policies that work for their communities.

We believe that fundamental changes are required to achieve environmental justice and healthy, thriving, equitable futures for communities of color and indigenous communities in Washington State. We believe that sustainable, meaningful solutions to environmental and climate issues threatening everyone in Washington State cannot be created without maximizing the wisdom of indigenous communities and communities of color. We believe that our future depends on solutions created by communities who have been historically marginalized and most impacted by environmental and climate hazards.

Front and Centered seeks an experienced Community Action Director to complete the following scope of work:

Scope of Work

●        Develop and execute a statewide organizing strategy to support collaboration and greater engagement, action and momentum across the state for environmental justice, including a likely ballot measure in 2018.

●        Convene members in statewide gatherings, organize monthly planning meetings and weekly strategic calls with other contractors of Front & Centered and as needed to advance the coalition and specific campaigns.

●        Assess and provide strategic recommendations for engaging communities of color in key parts of Washington state, and execute a plan to build the membership of Front & Centered and to increase the overall participation and level of action toward forwarding the priorities of the coalition.

●        Understand, communicate, and engage organizations on issues such as energy conservation and clean energy deployment, toxics prevention and recovery, the health of Puget Sound, and more.

Internal Relationship Building and Engagement (30%)

●        Engage F&C members on key issues through appropriate and effective communication and participation tactics.

●        Educate and train F&C members on key topics, which can include organizing routine meetings, webinars and calls.

●        Foster input and ownership of priorities by coordinating routine Listening Sessions as needed on key topics. Work with F&C members to engage their base. Coordinate with Program Director on content.

External Relationship Building (30%)

●        Identify key players with whom we should build a relationship.

●        Create power maps to identify who and what influences these key individuals or stakeholders.

●        Reach out to and meet individually and/or together with F&C members with key decision makers, including, legislators, the Governor, state agencies heads and relevant staff.

●        Keep notes and files relevant to this work, including high points of conversations, in addition to following up with people with expected or necessary content to keep them informed or engaged.

Strategic campaign management (30%)

●        Develop and implement strategies to leverage F&C members in coordinated and collective action to move shared policy priorities.

●        Support the capacity of lead groups to engage on priority issues, collaboratively strategize with groups on how best to leverage their base.

●        Identify key geographic or demographic gaps and how to fill them by finding, meeting with, engaging and suggesting capacity needs for groups on the ground.

Administrative (10%)

●        Administer the Front and Centered Steering Committee, including meeting logistics, agenda and supporting documents, participations, meeting notes and follow-up.

●        Manage contractors

●        Other duties as assigned

Qualifications and Compensation

Minimum qualifications

●        A minimum of 3 years full time experience developing and managing campaigns, coalitions, ballot measures, or legislative initiatives to engage the public or grassroots to support public policies, political candidates, or social change efforts

●        A minimum of 3 years of experience in community organizing

●        Knowledge and expertise in working with diverse communities and building effective and inclusive campaigns, coalitions and efforts

●        Strategic understanding of the political process and proven capacity to engage public/voters to shape policy making

●        Strong written and verbal communication skills

●        BA or equivalent

Desired Skills and Qualifications

●        Statewide organizing experience or working across geographies

●        Deep knowledge and passion for social movements, environmental justice and racial justice

●        Ability to travel and attend meetings on weekends and evenings.

●        Highly organized and resourceful with a strong attention to detail

●        Experience using digital organizing techniques leveraging social media

●        Ability to speak and write in additional language prevalent in Washington State or demonstrated experience working with multilingual communities

●        Team player capable of working both collaboratively and independently

Compensation highly competitive.  High flexibility on schedule.  Minimum of 30 hours per week, maximum of full time.

All additional travel and operational costs incurred will be covered by Front and Centered.  We are an equal opportunity employer and strongly encourage people of color, women, and LGBTQ individuals to apply. Front and Centered is fiscally sponsored for this work through the Latino Community Fund.

Interested individuals should send an email to coordinators@frontandcentered.org with a subject line, “Front and Centered Community Action Director” and attach a letter of interest, and resume.


What is prognathism and how can it be treated?

What is prognathism and how can it be treated?

oral surgery Manchester IAPrognathism is a fancy word that means incorrect bite in which the upper or lower jaw protrudes excessively from the rest of the facial structure. A maxillary prognathism more commonly known as an overbite, while a mandibular prognathism is an underbite.

Not only does prognathism have an unpleasant effect on the patient’s appearance, but it also can limit the smile’s functionality. It can be harder to chew, speak and even breathe properly when you have an overbite or underbite.

In order to correct a prognathism, patients should consult with an oral surgeon to learn more about the recommended interventions to achieve the desired treatment goals. This type of specialist is well-versed in the structures of the jaw and face, including understanding their ideal balance and proportions.

Oral surgery is often recommended in cases of prognathism in order to reposition the jaws into a proper bite. However, these surgical procedures may be performed in an outpatient setting with the patient under general anesthesia, and your surgeon will use the most innovative techniques in order to reduce or eliminate unsightly scarring. After they are “re-set” to the preferred positioning, the jaws will be held in place by plates and screws that direct the jaw’s regrowth as desired.

Prognathism is often accompanied by misaligned teeth, so orthodontic treatment is typically indicated in addition to oral surgery in such cases. If you are wearing braces and also planning to correct a malocclusion, your oral surgeon and orthodontist will collaborate closely on the treatment timeline and sequencing. This approach may mean an extended time in active treatment for the patient, but it is a worthwhile investment of your time in order to get a more attractive smile.

Prognathism can have a negative effect on your smile’s appearance and functioning, but it can be addressed. If you are dissatisfied with an overbite or underbite, contact our office to schedule an evaluation and learn how you might improve your smile.


How can we help you?

in Autoresponder

How Do I Edit an Autoresponder?

If you would like to edit an Autoresponder, start by navigating to the “Automations” tab. Then select the Autoresponder group, where the Autoresponder email you would like to edit is located.

Select the Autoresponder email, and select “Edit” located in the top right-hand corner.

Please Note: Edits made to your Autoresponder messages will go out to new subscribers only, and will not be sent out to any users currently going through your Autoresponder series.

Make sure that once you edit your Autoresponder message that you confirm it, otherwise it will be placed in “Draft” mode and not sent out properly.


The truth about belly fat

The claim: A growling belly during your workout may be a sign you’re cheating yourself out of a greater calorie burn, according to new research published in the Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport.

The research: For the study, 10 “recreationally active” college-age women (so, not athletes) of normal body weight were given a high-protein meal (45 percent protein), low-protein meal (15 percent), or no food at all before walking on a treadmill. The women who ate the high-protein meal an hour prior to working out burned more calories per minute than the women who ate nothing. (No difference was found between the low-protein group and the fasting women.) The additional calorie burn amounted to 185 calories over the following 24-hour period.

What it means: “The body will use more calories when you have additional calories to expend (i.e., after eating),” says lead study author Ashley Binns, a Ph.D. student. Assuming you ate the same amount of total daily calories, the additional calorie burn could add up to a 15-pound weight loss over the course of a year. Although fasting before exercise has previously been used as a method for weight loss, the body breaks down muscle and/or fat as fuel sources if you don’t eat food prior to exercising, says Binns. “This could potentially result in muscle weight loss.” And less muscle ultimately means less calorie burn.

The bottom line: Plan to eat a high-protein snack an hour before your workout to burn more calories during exercise. The exact amount of protein you should consume is still up for debate, though, says Binns. “Many studies suggest consumption of upward of 30 grams of protein spread throughout the day across three meals is ideal for maintenance of weight and/or weight loss.” Good high-protein foods include protein drinks, egg whites, peanut butter, or Greek yogurt. An example of a breakfast that meets the 45 percent protein used in the study: one whole egg and two egg whites, plus two pieces of toast with butter and orange juice.

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2 item(s)

Phoenician style glass vase
This distinctive glass vase was hand-blown in Israel, in the style of ancient Phoenician glass. Shadowy blues, purples, and blacks swirl around this handsome piece made from recycled bottles.
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• Fashion Design (BFA)

    Nolan Bellavance

    This women’s wear collection is inspired by my own story, along with the resilience and strength of my grandmother and her empowered nature. The essence of the collection is that of someone coming from somewhere wild and secluded and maintaining their identity in a completely different, fast-paced culture, while always looking forward.


As a graduate of Columbia University, I was amused by Joseph Vallely's references to both the university and New York-Presbyterian Hospital as underground Republican institutions (letter, Sept. 14, "Why didn't Clinton seek public care?")

Vallely's letter was certainly the first time that I have heard "Republican" as a term used to describe Columbia.

Columbia University has long been considered a left-leaning institution. Despite a 250-year history, the university is perhaps best known for its Vietnam War protests when, in April of 1968, thousands of students occupied five buildings and shut down the campus for a week.

In contrast, the appointment of Dwight Eisenhower as president of Columbia in his pre-White House days, as Vallely discusses in his letter, fosters comparatively little attention in the university's history.

The liberal leanings of the university are apparent to this day. Some of the world's most pre-eminent and liberal scholars, including Dennis Dalton and Edward Said , have recently been on the Columbia faculty.

Earlier this month, an article in the university's daily newspaper referred to the school's Republican students as "a minority group on a historically liberal campus." Vallely's argument contradicts the reality of a campus where the Republican voice is minute at best.

I encourage Vallely to do more fact-checking before he makes incorrect assumptions simply for partisan benefit. At the very least, it would have supported his argument to acknowledge that New York-Presbyterian Hospital is the teaching hospital for
Cornell University as well as for Columbia, and that as such, its relationship with both institutions cannot be overlooked.

Only then can we begin to address reasons as to why former President Clinton may have chosen New York-Presbyterian. Of course, it is possible that Clinton just wanted the best health care available, but that argument hardly makes for an interesting partisan debate.


The solitude of Latin America

The famous literary style of Gabriel García Márquez was rooted in his politics. Delivering his Nobel Lecture in Stockholm in 1982, he addressed the legacy of colonialism – and his hopes for a better world

June 1, 2014 · 11 min read

Days before accepting the Nobel Prize for literature in 1982, Gabriel García Márquez was interviewed in Mexico. He expressed qualms about dressing in ‘a tail coat, a colonial costume’ to receive honours in Stockholm. His mood was heavy as he pondered ways to ‘break through the clichés about Latin America’.

In a speech coursing 500 years of colonial history, Márquez broke through. He captured the sorrow and unextinguished creativity he’d witnessed, been part of, on his home continent. He asked Europeans to see Latin Americans as people, living in diverse ways outside the hegemonic imagination.

He perceived historical continuity between 1492 and 1982. Three decades since his speech and a few weeks after his death, imperialism offers no shortage of haunting imagery. If Márquez were describing the landscape today, he might mention mass graves filled with bodies of migrants near the US-Mexico border. During the past few years of the ‘drug war’ (2007-2013), 120,000 people have been killed in Mexico, often with firearms smuggled from the US.

Despite inspiring mobilisations such as the Cochabamba ‘water wars’ in 2000, multinationals still want to buy and sell the stuff of life. A water industry article titled ‘South America’s Water Colonization’ touts ‘privatisation progress’ as of 2011; that the Spanish-owned Proactiva was risking social movement backlash to operate in eight Latin American countries was seen as an advance. Meanwhile, glacial retreat causes a water shortage in the Andes that threatens the Aymara people, whose resilient farming communities, 4,000 metres above sea level, survived even the Spanish conquest.

Our political moment requires people to process unconscionable realities and invent a new way forward. Márquez’s words could guide us in this for some time.

Eleven years ago, the Chilean Pablo Neruda, one of the outstanding poets of our time, enlightened this audience with his word. Since then, the Europeans of good will – and sometimes those of bad, as well – have been struck, with ever greater force, by the unearthly tidings of Latin America, that boundless realm of haunted men and historic women, whose unending obstinacy blurs into legend. We have not had a moment’s rest. A promethean president, entrenched in his burning palace, died fighting an entire army, alone; and two suspicious airplane accidents, yet to be explained, cut short the life of another great-hearted president and that of a democratic soldier who had revived the dignity of his people. There have been five wars and 17 military coups; there emerged a diabolic dictator who is carrying out, in God’s name, the first Latin American ethnocide of our time. In the meantime, 20 million Latin American children died before the age of one – more than have been born in Europe since 1970. Those missing because of repression number nearly 120,000, which is as if no one could account for all the inhabitants of Uppsala. Numerous women arrested while pregnant have given birth in Argentine prisons, yet nobody knows the whereabouts and identity of their children, who were furtively adopted or sent to an orphanage by order of the military authorities. Because they tried to change this state of things, nearly 200,000 men and women have died throughout the continent, and over 100,000 have lost their lives in three small and ill-fated countries of Central America: Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala. If this had happened in the United States, the corresponding figure would be that of 1.6 million violent deaths in four years.

One million people have fled Chile, a country with a tradition of hospitality – that is, 10 per cent of its population. Uruguay, a tiny nation of two and a half million inhabitants, which considered itself the continent’s most civilised country, has lost to exile one out of every five citizens. Since 1979, the civil war in El Salvador has produced almost one refugee every 20 minutes. The country that could be formed of all the exiles and forced emigrants of Latin America would have a population larger than that of Norway.

And if these difficulties, whose essence we share, hinder us, it is understandable that the rational talents on this side of the world, exalted in the contemplation of their own cultures, should have found themselves without valid means to interpret us. It is only natural that they insist on measuring us with the yardstick that they use for themselves, forgetting that the ravages of life are not the same for all, and that the quest of our own identity is just as arduous and bloody for us as it was for them. The interpretation of our reality through patterns not our own, serves only to make us ever more unknown, ever less free, ever more solitary. Venerable Europe would perhaps be more perceptive if it tried to see us in its own past. If only it recalled that London took 300 years to build its first city wall, and 300 years more to acquire a bishop; that Rome laboured in a gloom of uncertainty for 20 centuries, until an Etruscan king anchored it in history; and that the peaceful Swiss of today, who feast us with their mild cheeses and apathetic watches, bloodied Europe as soldiers of fortune, as late as the 20th-century. Even at the height of the Renaissance, 12,000 lansquenets in the pay of the imperial armies sacked and devastated Rome and put 8,000 of its inhabitants to the sword.

© The Nobel Foundation 1982

Rout and rebellion

Review: Witches, Witch-Hunting and Women

“Utopia is all around us”

Jonny Gordon-Farleigh of STIR magazine talks to Ruth Potts about the power of utopian thinking in an age of crisis.


Ms. Boyd

Degrees and Certifications:

Bachelor's Degree- University of Minnesota (2010) K12 ELL License- Hamline University (2014) Master's of Teaching- Hamline University (In progress) If you have any questions or need information about ELL service, ELL testing, or eligibility, please contact me.

Ms. Boyd

My name is Sarah Boyd and I am one of the elementary ELL teachers here at AIMS.

My goal is to build on their strengths and develop their English language skills in the areas of listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

I was born in South Korea, but have lived in the Twin Cities since childhood. My hobbies include reading, travel, cooking, and drawing.

As an ELL student your child spends most of their day in the general education classroom. In addition, they will work with me at a certain time of the day or week to support their language needs.

Instructional support is provided primarily during reader’s workshop or writer’s workshop. ELL teachers provide targeted language instruction and learning strategies to students to make grade level content more accessible.

Even though your child’s English development is important, their home language and culture is just as important. Please keep using your home language with your child.

Learn more about the district's MLL department and ELL programs here: http://mll.spps.org/


MSP welcomes crime figure drop

Alasdair Allan MSP
Alasdair Allan MSP

Western Isles MSP Alasdair Allan, has welcomed new figures that show crime in the islands has dropped by a staggering 60 per cent since 2007.

The statistics show that 444 crimes were recorded by Police Scotland for 2014-15 in the Western Isles.

This is down from 478 the previous year, and represents a massive 60 per cent reduction to the 1,125 crimes recorded in 2006-07.

The Western Isles currently has the second lowest rate of crime nationwide.

Commenting, Alasdair Allan said: “This is fantastic news for everyone in the Western Isles.

“Recorded crime has been steadily dropping over the past eight years and we are now seeing the lowest levels of crime for a generation.

“With the islands having the second lowest rate of recorded crime in Scotland, this cements our reputation as one of the safest places in the country and one of the best to bring up children in.

“These figures are a testament to the incredible work our dedicated police officers do to keep our communities safe.

Approach to crime

“The SNP Government’s approach to crime is paying off and we are seeing the benefits of the 1,000 extra police officers that have been recruited since 2007.

“This is in stark contrast to the rest of the UK where, in the same period of time, they have seen the loss of 15,000 police officers.

“Having more officers on the beat is a crucial factor in preventing crime and making people feel safer in their communities.

“It is worth noting that we would not have had a single one of these 1,000 extra officers had the Labour party been returned to office.

“I have no qualms in supporting the additional officers, whose contribution to reducing crime in our communities cannot now be disputed.”