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Village history

(altered according to the records written by Alfréd Koch, a chronicler in the first half of the 20th century)

The village of Brtníky belongs to the oldest settlements in the area of Šluknovský výběžek (Šluknov Hook). One of the notes recorded in Oberlausitzer Kirchengalerie states that by 1084 Wipprecht von Greitsch, the Lower Luž margrave, brought to Bohemia a lot of Germans from the areas of Thüringen and Frank. In the area now known as Lipová, they founded several settlements, such as Lipová, Mikulášovice or Lobendava, and Brtníky was probably among them.

Supported by recent archaeological evidence found near the Brtnický potok (Brtníky Brook), the first settlements appeared here in the New Stone Age, the Neolithic Period. The archaeological findings discovered here consist of a number of rough-worked flints.

The information about the settlement in the Slavonic Period is completely missing. In the Middle Ages the Šluknov and Lipová areas, as well as the Tolštejn Castle, belonged to the House of Berka. The Houses of Schleinitz, Slavata and Salm-Reifferscheidt followed later. The village was also mentioned in writing during the reign of Petr Berka in 1116. It was stated there that Petr Berka established a great bee-keeping farm between Plešný and Vlčí hora, which was called Zeidelweide. The bee-keepers, who kept the hives and colonies of bees, were called Zeidlers, a bee father- Bienvater, Bienweide. That is where Zeidler, the original name of the village, came from. After World War II and the displacement of German settlers, the village was given a Czech name of quite a similar meaning, Brtníky.

The mention of building a village chapel under the canon law comes from 1140-1146. According to another historical source, the first wooden church was built in 1240.

In the Middle Ages, during the reign of the House of Berka, several guardcastles were built in the surrounding rocks. The Brtnický hrádek (Little Brtníky Guardcastle), which is visited by tourists quite often, also belongs to these. The castle squads guarded the trade routes and, later on, also some glass works and furnaces built deep in the forest. Some remains of places to make charcoal and tar remind us of another way to make a living in this area at that time.

During the Hussite Wars people from Brtníky hid from infiltrating troops in the surrounding forest. There is a christening stone in the forest near the village which comes from that time. The written records of it spring from no later than the year 1423. This place served as a religious and spiritual site for many following centuries. There is also a stony altar carved in a rock near here.

The very first notes of the school in Brtníky come from 1579.

In 1642, Swedish troops swept through Brtníky. On their way to the settlement of Panský, an innocent gardener called Engel was caught and, as he was a spy, he was cut into pieces as a warning to others. In the place where the inhabitants of Brtníky buried him afterwards, a shamrock-shaped peace-offering cross can still be seen these days.

During the Thirty Years War, as well as during the Seven Years War (1756) and the Austro-Prussian War (1866) the local people hid nearby in a large rock cornice called Velký pruský tábor (Great Prussian Camp) (it is on a green marked path for tourists).

The plague column was erected in 1682. At that time most inhabitants of the village died of plague. Today the column is a part of a corner of a garage on a green marked path for tourists leading from Brtníky to Šternberk. It was moved and put by Klinger, a manufacturer, after it had been found during some building work at the beginning of the 20th century. According to different sources, it may be the Column of Holy Trinity made under order of the Brotherhood of Holy Trinity. The mission of this Brotherhood was to keep catholic traditions alive during the reformation.

In the centre of the village St. Martin, there used to stand a beautiful baroque church built in 1714-1717. Its octagonal tower was really unique. At that time there were 1,200 inhabitants in the village who helped self-sacrificingly build the church. After the year 1945 the church fell into disrepair and in 1975 it was pulled down under communist representatives' instructions.

Near the church on the crossroads, there used to stand the historical Pruský dům (Prussian House). This unique wooden building was built in 1600 and it was protected as a historical monument at the beginning of the 20th century. Unfortunately, this house, as well as most sights, was doomed to destruction in the postwar period. It was completely dismantled and used as firewood. Its replica is kept in the Folk Art Museum in Dresden. The National Park is aspiring to construct a replica of the house in its original place, which would serve as an information point for tourists.

The settlement of Kopec (formerly Hemmehübel) used to be a part of Brtníky. It had a long tradition of bell casting at address number 36. For instance, Zachariáš Dittrich, a renowned bell-founder who left for Prague in 1740 and acquired reputation there, came from here.

In the place of a former windmill (Mühleberg, Křížový vrch - Cross Hill today), a chapel was built up by the Brotherhood of Holy Trinity in the year 1768. The Calvary settled here in 1801. After 1945, the Calvary was brought to ruin and the little chapels completely dilapidated. Thanks to some local people, several holiday cottagers, and later on with the initiative of the Local Council of Staré Křečany, the Chapel of Holy Trinity, Little Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre and Calvary were rebuilt and restored in the late nineties of the 20th century.

In 1771 Count F.V.Salm-Reifferscheid had the Manor of Šternberk built for his wife, the Countess of Šternberk, in the woods near Brtníky. Originally a hunting lodge, this used to be a trip destination for visitors of Brtníky for centuries. The state enterprise Česká pošta, which owned the property up to the end of the nineties of the 20th century, let this protected national monument be dismantled - paradoxically, after a complete restoration - in 1995.

In the year of 1839 Johan Klinger founded a traditional knitting manufacture in Brtníky. The knitted products of finest quality produced by the Klinger´s family in Brtníky, Mikulášovice, Křečany, as well as in Wienna, became famous all over Europe. In that time Brtníky was going through its great prosperity period and had a population of almost 3,000 people. At the beginning of the 20th century a railway called Severní česká průmyslová dráha (North Czech Industrial Railway) was built by Italian constructors. In the settlement, there were three big factories and, aside from that, it was also a well-renowned and frequented summer resort, which helped the local people make living.

After the year 1945 the sort of local inhabitants changed in grain. The original German population was displaced and replaced by a disparate population from many different parts of former Czechoslovakia. A lot of houses were left empty. The time period after 1948 meant a decline in all its respects for Brtníky. All the manufacturing, as well as tradesmen, disappeared bit by bit. The school and nursery were also closed down. The number of inhabitants has fallen to 261 at present. In the settlement of Kopec, there are 7 permanently registered inhabitants. After 1948 more than one hundered houses were demolished, one by one, including some rare cultural monuments and two big factories. Brtníky had not even seen such bad times during the wars and pestilence as it did under the forty-year sway of Communists.

Nowadays, at the beginning of the third millenium, Brtníky represents the starting point for the visitors of a new national park called České Švýcarsko (Bohemian Switzerland). After several decades of decline the historical monuments are being restored (e.g. chapels, the Calvary and small sacral monuments such as wayside crosses), plenty of houses, mainly holiday houses and cottages, have been nicely rebuilt and repaired while maintaining the original design. That is the way the village is returning among frequented summer resorts. The visitors´ favourite destinations are the picturesque Brtnický potok (Brtníky Brook) and Vlčí potok (Wolf Brook) valleys, the Křinice valley, the Brtnický hrádek (Little Brtníky Guardcastle) and Vlčí hora (Wolf Mountain) with its look-out tower. In winter the area of icefalls is a very popular and attractive place to visit.


Playing with the Index Terms

Index Terms are the terms that we use to describe the subject matters of the document in hand. These terms are the index keys assigned to the document. The keys are to facilitate the search and retrieval of the documents. Using the terms that are listed in the previous post, we can come out several interesting points:

1. By looking at the list of index terms shown in the surrogate records (catalogue records), we can have a better understanding of the subject matters of the document being described. For example, if we see the terms ‘Haze’ and ‘Health advices’ appear in the record, we know that document is about some health tips when haze comes, and not economic impact of haze. That is something free text search cannot offer.

2. If our imaginative collection grows, we may need to control the words and phrases used in the index terms. We may need to create notes to indicate the scope of use of the terms. We may start to build a thesaurus.

3. We can try to create a map for all these terms. Draw a big circle at the centre and put the word ‘Haze’ in the circle. This becomes the central topic. Draw bubbles to contain each index term and draw lines to connect them together. You will start to see some branches linking the central topic and the subtopics. We should see some hierarchical relationships between the terms. In some cases, we may need to create new terms to connect the nodes and branches. Instead of putting the central topic at the centre, we can put it at the top of an organisation chart. This is a good exercise. You will benefit from it.


Jacob Ezell Improves Recovery Time, Velocity, And Performance

On September 10th 2016, Jacob Ezell threw 100 pitches over six innings to defeat the Eastside Diamond Hoppers in a pivotal playoff game. It was his first start since July 8th where he lasted just four innings and gave up four runs on 72 pitches. Ezell was the opening day starter for manager Greg Grall's Utica Unicorns. However, after just seven starts, Grall moved Ezell to the bullpen due to inconsistency and inability pitch deep into games.

Ezell's ability to throw six innings and 100 pitches in his final start of the year was a product of a 4-month success story that sheds light on the recovery cycle of a pitcher and how that plays a role on player performance and the decision-making of coaches.

We first met Jacob at the 2016 United Shore Professional Baseball League open tryout. He was recently released from the Frontier League and in hopes of a job with the newly formed USPBL. His initial tryout video can be seen below.

Ezell Side Eval.gif
Ezell back gif.gif

Ezell displayed one of the most talented arms in his tryout class and was quickly offered a contract to the Utica Unicorns. From the start, he was the unanimous choice to be the Unicorns opening day starter.  As protocol with each pitcher who made a team roster, we studied Ezell's shoulder range-of-motion patterns, pitching delivery, and training routines to gain a sense of his current functionality at that time.

Two key statistics stood out to us right away; the correlation between Ezell's DVS Score ( 12) and his current level of shoulder function (TAM -9) and the relationship between his velocity (91/93) and his stretch angle (50º).

The DVS Score allows us to profile the future health and performance implications surrounding Ezell's pitching delivery.  Ezell's DVS Score of 12 signifies each time he throws a baseball he's statistically more at risk compared to the average MLB pitcher. Also, his shoulder function further proved his current pitching delivery was placing more stress on his throwing shoulder as indicated by the 9 degrees of motion deficit in his throwing shoulder compared to his non-throwing shoulder.

Ezell's current level of velocity output combined with his stretch angle led us to believe he had the ability to significantly improve his average velocity throughout the duration of the USPBL season. For those of you who are unfamiliar with our stretch angle, a stretch angle is a degree of measurement used to forecast a pitcher's ability to generate more or less velocity based upon their current mechanics.  Therefore, by determining Ezell's shoulder was under more stress but was still able to produce a high level of output we concluded that by addressing specific aspects of his delivery and implementing the USPBL Throwing Program, we would gradually influence his rate of recovery and work towards increasing a higher level of performance.

In the inaugural game of the United Shore Professional Baseball League, Ezell pitched 4 innings, gave up 1 run, 1 hit, 1 walk, and struck out 6 hitters. Impressive stat line to begin the season but what the box score doesn't indicate is the gradual velocity drop once Ezell approached 50 pitches in the third inning, and a significant decrease in the 4th inning. Ezell was on a pitch count to start the season ( max 75 pitches) but seemed noticeably fatigued around 50+ pitches.  I positioned myself directly behind home plate for his first start; wanting to track the flight and action of his pitches.  As he began to approach 50 pitches, you could see a noticeable change in Ezell's fastball starting to run out of the zone and consistently fall behind hitters. Ezell battled, made some big pitches, but from a scouting perspective, was a much different pitcher in the 3rd and 4th inning comparatively to the 1st and 2nd.

Jacob Ezell's early season pitching delivery seen from a side camera angle.

Jacob Ezell's early season pitching delivery seen from a back camera angle.

We were curious to see the role 60 high-intensity pitches placed on the recovery cycle of Ezell's shoulder and elbow.  As with all pitchers in the USPBL, we tracked their shoulder ROM patterns on a daily basis. In particular, we specifically wanted to focus on the degrees of shoulder motion lost after a pitcher has thrown in a game situation. In Ezell's case, he started the game with 162º of motion in his throwing shoulder with a 5º deficit in his throwing shoulder compared to this non-throwing shoulder. Immediately after his start, we found he had 158º of motion in his throwing shoulder and an 11º deficit in his throwing shoulder compared to his non-throwing shoulder.

In the days following his start, Ezell experienced prolonged pain and soreness in his throwing arm. "At the beginning of the season when I was starting I was sore almost till the day before each start so about 4 days" Ezell stated. When asked "did you typically throw through soreness"? He responded, "I  would throw through soreness, but it wasn't anything too strenuous that I wasn't able to throw with, I knew my body and arm."

Far too common in the culture of pitching, pitchers and coaches make the mistake of thinking you must throw through soreness to speed up recovery and get your arm loose again. When a muscle is sore, it most likely has undergone some form of damage, which is going to decrease its ability to produce force. This scenario means that the excess stress from throwing will be transferred to other tissues in the body that aren't equipped to handle it.  For the muscle to regain its full strength and function, proper recovery time is a must. Therefore, in the meantime, it's important for a pitcher to scale their throwing regimen to avoid further injury, and expedite the recovery process. Based on the protocols within the USPBL Throwing Program and Ezell's soreness levels, he didn't throw a baseball until 4 days after his first start. Typically a starting pitcher throwing more than 50+ pitches should be relieved of all acute arm soreness 48 hours after a game. Ezell, through the first two weeks, often wasn't entirely relieved of arm soreness until after 72 hours post game.

Image 1: As a product of the DVS System and creating better timing in his delivery, Ezell placed less stress on his throwing arm and was able to maintain greater functionality and therefore greater range of motion in his throwing shoulder 24 hours after a game.

The cycle of inconsistency continued throughout Ezell's next start, and so did his slow recovery period. We began to infuse the DVS Arm Care System into his daily regimen which accounted for a significant portion of his routine due to his limited throwing set forth by his soreness protocols. However, since his actual throwing was limited post game, we also begin a gradual process to align Ezell's shoulder's and pelvis better as he initially began his pitching delivery. The transition can be seen in the image to the right.

Ezell's front shoulder had a tendency to dip forward as he broke his hands which ultimately led to his throwing arm catching up late as his front foot made contact with the ground. We know that improving the arm position at foot strike can have many benefits most importantly on the ability of the shoulder to tolerate more stress as the throwing arm accelerates forward. With an improved arm position we hoped to accomplish two primary goals; a faster rate of recovery for the throwing arm and improved performance in games.

It's often difficult to make adjustments to the pitching delivery in a season, especially if the movement disrupts a timing pattern that has existed within the delivery for an extended duration. However, Ezell's adjustment was simplistic and made possible in a short period  due to his understanding of what he needed his body to do.

Over the next few weeks, Ezell saw improved shoulder function as a product of using the DVS Arm Care System, The USPBL Throwing Program, and minor mechanical adjustments. If you look at the table below, you can see his DTAM (total motion in throwing arm) gradually improved over the course of June and into July.  "

As the weeks progressed, the improved shoulder patterns remained stable and consistently improved over 10º (158º to 176º) in a 5 week period. With the improved total motion in Ezell's shoulder, the recovery time began to shorten from 72 hours to 48 hours as Ezell entered into July.

Although Ezell was improving the health of his throwing arm throughout June, his performance remained irregular; forcing manager Greg Grall to make a decision on his role as a starter.  "He would just get to a certain point in the game where his velocity and location would dip. He was more of a max effort type guy, and we knew if we put him in the bullpen we could possibly use him as a closer or a guy to come in and pitch multiple innings. Overall, we just thought he would be more consistent out of the bullpen", said Grall.

reliever: JULY 15TH - JULY 30TH

Table 4

Ezell officially became a reliever after his start on July 8th. We gave him a week off to continue to work on his pitching delivery and prepare a new throwing regimen that would prepare him for his role as a reliever. His improved recovery cycle indicated he would be capable of throwing every other game if need be.  All factors considered Grall opted for Ezell to be his primary reliever out of the bullpen in late-inning situations.

Although the box score may not reflect his improvements, we began to see a slight increase in Ezell's strike percentage, velocity, and action on his fastball and slider. During this period, and like most starters who move to the bullpen, Ezell's average fastball velocity climbed from 91.6mph to 92.5 mph.  With the addition of velocity (Table 5) and improved arm position (image 1) his fastball started to show signs of a more downward sinking action. With Ezell now throwing more frequently out of the bullpen, the opportunity created time for him to solidify his mechanical adjustments and comfort level in game situations. As July ended and August began, Ezell positioned himself to finish the season in a more consistent manner.

For the remainder of the season, Jacob Ezell turned into arguably the most consistent and reliable pitcher in the USPBL. From August 3rd to September 3rd, he had appeared in 11 games, pitched 12 innings, and didn't allow a run. The best part; he seemed to be getting stronger as the season wore on. His arm recovered faster, his fastball velocity increased, his strike percentage increased, and perhaps most important he became confident in his ability to get hitters out.  The video seen below highlights the mechanical pattern of Ezell's delivery on August 31st. In stark contrast his initial evaluation, you will notice the dramatic difference between the position of Ezell's shoulders as he breaks his hands and begins his movement towards the target.

May 17th, 2016

May 17th, 2016

August 31st, 2016

August 31st, 2016

As the playoffs approached, the Utica Unicorns became loaded with dominant arms coming out of the bullpen.  Joining Ezell, the Unicorns featured Andrew Potter and Mitch Aker; two right-handed pitchers featuring 95+ mph fastballs and nasty sliders. Once Ezell was pulled from the starting rotation in July, Seth Brenner became one of the most valued starting pitchers on the Unicorn staff. But as the season wound down, Brenner showed signs of fatigue and inconsistency heading into the final two weeks of the regular season.

Ezell pitching in the playoff game against the Eastside Diamond Hoppers

Ezell pitching in the playoff game against the Eastside Diamond Hoppers

In the first round of the playoffs, Grall made the gutsy decision to start Ezell. "Brenner was tired. The wear of tear of starting had caught up to him. We had been keeping a tight schedule on Ezell. Making sure he got his innings every other game. When it came down to it, we knew Ezell had started and with his improved confidence and stuff, we had to go with Ezell in the playoff game."  Grall said.

In his last start and final appearance of the year, Jacob Ezell ended up throwing more innings, pitches, and had his best outing of the year. His efforts propelled the Utica Unicorns into the championship game which they eventually won.

The pitcher that took the mound on May 30th had now proven he could pitch well past 50 pitches, recover quickly, and started to show signs of being able to pitch at the next level.

The scope of Ezell's improvement over the last six weeks is remarkable and one of the greatest success stories that transpired during the 2016 USPBL season. One of the most significant values of the USPBL is Ezell was able to fail and struggle because of the league's commitment to his overall development. A plan was laid out for him in June, and as each day progressed, Ezell was making strides. " I learned how I could do a little less of the heavy weights and long toss and actually keep a healthier, stronger and more flexible arm. Also, the way they help me tweak some of my delivery, helped me become a more consistent pitcher. Helping me stay tall, stay back, getting my elbow up helped my overall command with every pitch a lot better. With those tweaks my average velocity increased and put less stress on my elbow and arm." says Ezell.

I don't think anyone expected him to finish as strong as he did, but you never know what a player is capable of until he's able to utilize the full spectrum of his talents.

Improvements are based over the duration of the 2016 season

  • DVS Score from 12 to 17
  • Strike percentage from 58% to 64%
  • Average fastball from 91.6mph to 93.3mph
  • Max Fastball from 94mph to 96mph
  • DTAM Difference -8.8º to 8.º
  • Shortened recovery window from 72 hours to 36 hours.

The improvements mentioned above can be made possible for a majority of players at all levels; most importantly the players that are trying to get signed to an affiliated club. But a pitcher must understand Ezell's route to his eventual success was only made possible by the order in which we focused his development.  If you want to continual success, there is no quick fix. You must be willing to understand the full spectrum of your development.

"Focus on mechanical efficiency, repeatability, and joint health, and as a product of those, you will find confidence, velocity, and success."


Servers by jDrones

CANbus for Ardupilot with UAVCAN and UC4H

(mike kelly) #101

It is really odd because I commented on your blog and it is not in my list of topics I have replied to either.

(ppoirier) #102

Yes, Randy made a correction and seems that when I approved , it has been trashed… they are working on it.

(James Pattison) #103

It’s back (at least for me) - someone else might check though.

(mike kelly) #104

Link works for me now too.

(ppoirier) #105

@olliw42 about the serial tunneling, as I wrote in my blog, I had issues with the Benewake sending hex code but all OK when using the ascii mode i.e. clear text values terminated with cr/lf.

As I am planning to use the Cheerson Optical Flw, this sensors sends hex code only, I suspect I will experience the same issue. Is this something we could try to fix ?

(OlliW42) #106

yes, we can try that
it however certainly has nothing to do with ascii or binary, the code is agnostic to this, and in fact for the gps it switches to ubx and is then binary, so you have seen it already yourself
I rather suspect the timing of how the data is packed into CAN frames. You can have a look at the BetaCopter code, the counterpart works essentially identically
one probably has to carefully look at how the data is streamed, my first guess is that in binary mode it expects a faster response to its packets, or that the library has a stricter timeouting, or that the tf stream is “interrupted” at an unfortunate point which the tf doesn’t like, or such
that’s the general disadvantage of the approach, it is probably not possible to devise on scheme which is kind of “guaranteed” to work for all
when you look at the stream with UAVCAN GUI one probably can see quickly where things go wrong
you, thus, should definitely try the other device. it has nothing to do with ascii vs binary

(Rick James) #107

@olliw42 how does this work for adding a new sensor, for example, the sdp33 airspeed sensor? Do you (personally) have to manually add the driver to the firmware and then compile the hex?

If so, too bad there isn’t a way to use something with external storage and sideload the needed driver in the correct format.

(OlliW42) #108

this would be so
but if you think about it that’s how CAN is desgined

(OlliW42) #109

I took a look at the tfmini protocol, to see why there might have been issues. I’m going to refer to the standard data format in the following (i.e. what I believe is what you called hex or binary). It is actually really a very short data frame, so this shouldn’t give any problems. However, there might be an issue with a 100 Hz update rate (a rate significantly faster than what I’ve anticipated then I did the tunnel :wink: ): The code uses a timeout of 10 ms to decide if some incoming data should be send out, so it could collide in unfortunate ways with the 100 Hz update rate. Two possible solutions:
I don’t yet fully understand the TFMini settings, but it seems to me it’s possible to achieve a data rate lower than 100 Hz. If so, I think this would be a quick first test, to see if the instabilities go away with lower rate.
Second, one could change the code to use e.g. a timeout of 8 ms, or 5 ms, or to actually make it a parameter (this timeout acts as a kind of delay to data streams which have such short data telegrams). If that should be still relevant to you, I’m happy to do the code changes.
What remains a bit unclear to me is why this would happen for the standard but not the clear text Pixhawk format, but such tests probably would show.

(btw, I’ve ordered me a TFmini, I realized that a down-facing distance sensor would be a cool addition to my copter :slight_smile: )

(ppoirier) #110

Yes , I will test with slower data output period , as is defined in Benewake guide :


Literature as a Compass

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Date(s) - 05/28/2017
10:00 am - 11:00 am

Historic Campbell House

Please join us this Sunday for a commentary, Literature as a Compass, by Mary Alice Dillman.
Literature unveils truth about a moral and ethical direction humans can take, like a compass that can point a way to live. Short episodes in literature will illustrate the moral sense of the ten principles of Exodus 20. Memorial Day will be observed in the service.
Jonalyn and Christopher Snyder will return as featured musicians.


With their round, harmonious expression, the classic Hoptimists are an eternal reminder to us to be positive and optimistic. The colours are bright and cheery, and the figures' indomitable little hop raises people's spirits far and wide.

The girl, in her nice dress represented by a long spring, has smiling eyes glancing to the side. The boy has attentive eyes, a little "tuft" on his head, a short spring and long trousers. Bimble and Bumble were originally available in two versions – an original version and a baby version, measuring 13 and 7 centimetres respectively. Mega Bumble now extends a whopping 23 centimetres into the air, while Junior, the latest member of the family, sneaks in somewhere in between at a height of 10 centimetres.


Get involved in yast-network.

Hi, and thank you for your interest.

Translation project for yast-network currently contains 657 strings for translation and is being translated into 77 languages. Overall, these translations are 51.6% complete.

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7th and 8th grade writing assignments

Write a poem about graduation.

In particular, seventh grade writing standards specify these key markers of proficiency: Image showing a famous character from the past the modern version of where they once lived. Why or why not? Educators consider standards-based tests to be the most useful as these tests show how each student is meeting grade-level expectations.

Developed by classroom teachers, Time4Writing targets the fundamentals of writing. Then look at what you have written, what would you not have noticed had you just sat at home and done this exercise?

Our 9th Grade Homeschool Curriculum Picks

Take notes from relevant and authoritative sources such as guest speakers, periodicals, and online searches. Why did you not feel guilty, do you think?

Prentice Hall

In this vein, students consider the purposes of intergovernmental organizations, international non-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, and multinational corporations.?

After hearing nothing all summer and Habitat not calling our required quarterly meeting againmy husband called a meeting to find out what was going on. Send me an email at hi[at]jeremydavid. Write about a situation when this was definitely NOT a good thing!

Tell me about a news event you found really interesting.

7th Grade Writing Prompts

Do you consider yourself to be a good test-taker? What about this career appeals to you? How frequently do you take photos? Seventh grade students use available technology to support aspects of creating, revising, editing, and publishing texts.

Essays contain formal introductions, ample supporting details e. They are free to use under a Creative Commons License.

Life of the People in Antebellum Society Chapter Then, try to follow each set of directions. Seventh grade students develop an interpretation exhibiting careful reading, understanding, and insight. Why might it be better to holiday in a tent than a luxury hotel?

Fourth grade students learn about the daily lives, adventures, and accomplishments of all its different cultures and how this energy formed the state and shaped its history. Easy Peasy All-in-One Homeschool 34 Comments I told you around this time last year that my family was getting a Habitat for Humanity house, an ADA compliant house that my son in a wheelchair would be able to get around in.

Have you ever bumped into someone you really wanted to impress when you were looking at your worst? These are learnings that are necessary for good civic behavior in the classroom and the larger society. For more information about general learning objectives for seventh grade students including math and language arts, please visit Time4Learning.

Ask and evaluate questions for research. Tell me about something which fascinates you, but not most people. It begins with a selective review of the Age of Exploration, the colonial period and the American Revolution.

Research and Inquiry In seventh grade, students select and use reference materials and resources as needed for writing, revising, and editing final drafts. I made a video about 25 Innovative Journaling Ideas for Kids. Get more ideas for teaching 7th grade from Dayle Timmons. Give reasons for your answer.

Spelling —Use knowledge of spelling rules, orthographic patterns, generalizations, prefixes, suffixes, and roots, including Greek and Latin root words. For example, reading four short stories that take place during the Civil War to prepare them for studying the Civil War in eigth grade or, read five science articles to prepare them to work with current events in science class.The goals of the CCSS ELA are broken out by grade and subject area, including Reading: Literature, Reading: Informational Text, Writing, Speaking and Listening, and Language, as well as expectations in additional subject areas such as science and technology, history, and further writing areas.

7th Grade Writing

The best collection of FREE 7th grade writing prompts and seventh grade essay topics! Use these brand new 8th-grade writing prompts to help your students prepare for the coming year and stay focused on all the challenges that lie ahead. This page provides a summary of the key eighth grade curriculum and learning objectives for language arts, math, social studies, and science.

Oliver Wendel Holmes Middle School and Holmes International Humanities Magnet is located in Northridge, California. 8th Grade Writing Assignments and Activities You can assign a variety of activities in your language arts classroom that teach 8th graders to think creatively and critically.

Read on for some 8th .

7th and 8th grade writing assignments
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Advanced Disposal Services Scale Operator in Northville, Michigan

UPOSITION SUMMARY:Monitor and record waste volumes that enter the landfill site, and collect appropriate usage feesUPRIMARY DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:This list of duties and responsibilities is not all inclusive and may be expanded to include other duties and responsibilities as management may deem necessary from time to time.* Obtain information regarding material entering landfill or transfer station by greeting customers at the gate, visually confirming contents are appropriate for landfill or transfer station, and by either measuring the box size to determine volume or by weighing the truck to determine tonnage in order to properly bill the customer and track the total amount of waste entering the landfill or transfer station* Accept or reject load based on content and suggest possible alternatives based on personal disposal knowledge, special waste training and type of waste* Provide a receipt for the customer, and document the waste entering the landfill or transfer station by keying information into the computer and producing a ticket for the landfill or transfer station files and for the customer's records* Receive payment from customers and make changes when necessary* Handle special waste loads by processing required paperwork and notifying operations of an incoming special load via 2-way radio for proper dispatch* Balance the daily receipts to ensure accurate record keeping and appropriate billing* Answer the telephone and provide information to the general public regarding hours of operation, acceptable types of waste, location and directions to the landfill or transfer station, and prices associated with disposal* Maintain the pay booth by washing and tidying the floors, windows, bathroom, and equipment to maintain a positive image for employees and customers UKNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, AND ABILITIES:* Ability to communicate well with others and possess good telephone skills* Ability to perform basic math, including algebra, to measure volumes and quote/calculate pricing for the customer* Ability to learn to distinguish types of waste that may or may not be accepted by the landfill or transfer station UMINIMUM REQUIREMENTS:Education: High School Diploma, GED and/or equivalent work experienceYears of Experience: One year of relevant customer service or operations experience. Waste industry experience preferredUMACHINES, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE USED:* Usual office equipment including computer, phone, fax machine, copier and calculator* MS Office including Word, Excel and Outlook UWORK ENVIRONMENT:* Exposure to chemicals, dust, fumes and odors* Exposure to extreme weather conditions UTYPICAL PHYSICAL DEMANDS:* Ability to organize various office systems through adjusting, connecting, lifting, pulling, pushing, bending or folding for the purpose of proper records development and/or management* Ability to use a computer and related devices, such as a keyboard or mouse or other related equipment, throughout the workday while seated at a desk or workstation* Ability to view and discern type of waste inside vehicle from a platform. May require ability to climb ladder to inspect open top loads This job description is not a contract and does not affect the at-will nature of your employment relationship with Advanced Disposal. Furthermore, this job description is not intended to be all-inclusive and does not and cannot address every responsibility or duty you m


Investing in Skills for Inclusive Trade: WTO-ILO Study

2019 ias preliminary exam test series

A joint ILO-WTO study, “Investing in Skills for Inclusive Trade”, shows that boosting core work, technical and management skills can help countries and businesses meet the challenges of an ever more competitive global economy by reducing costs and improving the quality of products.

The authors point to evidence that countries with responsive skills development systems tend to be more successful in putting skills to use in tradable activities and thereby improving that country’s competitive position in the global economy.

While trade has helped lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty and been a crucially important tool for growth, development and job creation there are those who have been left behind. Improving the capacity of our workers and managers to respond to these changes is clearly the best way to foster more inclusive trade.

Providing the right skills is essential to reap the benefits of trade in increased productivity and better jobs, and to ensure that trade contributes to inclusive development. In a fast changing world of work it is more important than ever that skills development responds to current and emerging skills needs, enhancing outcomes for workers and firms both now and in the future.

The need for improving skills is present in both developed and developing countries as they seek to adapt to and find opportunities in a global economy which is going through a profound transformation, driven by political changes and the forces of trade integration and technological progress.

The authors point to four main mechanisms through which trade affects the relative demand for skills:

1. Trade raises demand for products in which countries have a comparative advantage. In countries with a comparative advantage in skill-intensive sectors, trade thus increases the demand for skilled workers.

2. International trade leads to the expansion of the most productive firms, which tend to employ relatively more skilled workers.

3. As the costs of offshoring fall, the least complex stages of production tend to relocate from high income to low-income economies.

4. Lower trade costs may be a catalyst for changes in production technology, including automation, which increase productivity and favour high-skilled labour in exporting and import-competing firms in both developed and developing countries.

Addressing the need for developing a more competitive workforce is a long-term process. In countries at all stages of development, continuing education and training, both at universities and in the form of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and on-the-job training can help workers and managers cope with the big changes in demand for skills which are in varying degrees triggered by globalization.

The authors find evidence of a range of policy approaches which have helped countries in responding effectively to these challenges, including:

Policy coherence: Enhancing skills and improving national competitiveness requires a range of policies and it is vital that they be coherent.

Social dialogue between government and the social partners: This is central to making skills systems responsive to the needs of industry, including those industries producing tradable goods and services.

Broad access to education, skills development and lifelong learning: Low-skilled workers, workers who lack transferable skills, workers whose learning skills are weak, and workers whose skills are at risk of obsolescence benefit less from trade and are vulnerable to technological change or to a trade-connected employment shock.

Targeted training for displaced workers and/or workers at risk of displacement: Reskilling may be required to allow workers to move to a different occupation or a significantly different job, whether because their original job became unnecessary or because change offers a good opportunity.

Investing in training for employed workers: Training for workers at all skill levels is a necessary part of implementing effective strategies, in order to underpin the capabilities needed in markets for tradable products and services.

Core work skills: Strong core work skills, such as team working and problem-solving, complement technical skills and are a vital underpinning for employability, and for business performance.

Skills needs analysis and anticipation: Forward-looking skills needs analysis and skills anticipation are needed to inform policy coherence and social dialogue, and to inform decision-making by all relevant partners.

Over recent decades, the global economy has experienced a profound transformation, mostly as a result of the joint forces of trade integration and technological progress, accompanied by important political changes.

Increased trade integration has helped to drive economic growth in both high- and low-income economies, lifting millions out of poverty in emerging and developing countries. Since the global financial crisis of 2007–08, however, trade, productivity and income growth have decelerated.

At the same time, trade is increasingly perceived as leaving too many individuals and communities behind. Reaping the benefits from global trade and effective integration into global markets goes hand in hand with the adoption of new technologies, improved forms of work organization and productivity increases.

Given the role of skills in trade, it is vital to put a strong emphasis on skills development. Human capital is one of the principal enablers of trade growth and economic diversification, and is also an important “buffer” facilitating the adjustment to more open trade.

Appropriate skills development policies are key to helping firms expand their export activities; they are also key to helping workers who lose their jobs make a smooth and rapid transition to new jobs with equal or higher wages. These two effects reinforce each other. For trade to grow, it needs to be more inclusive; and more exports offer more employment opportunities.

Skills development policies constitute one among many policy instruments available to governments to make trade inclusive by enabling firms and workers to participate in trade, by lowering adjustment costs and by distributing more evenly the benefits of trade and technological progress.

Other active labour market policies (ALMPs), such as job-search assistance or activation strategies, passive labour market policies such as unemployment insurance, and social policies, as well as complementary policies such as housing or credit market policies, can also be used to lower adjustment costs, while various instruments are available to redistribute the gains from trade or technology to those whose skills are less in demand because of those changes.

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Posted on December 16 2018

Fall gives its space to Winter, and we're embracing the change of the season, it means accepting a new transformation and a new beginning in our life circle.
Blooming to the warm sun of Spring is easier, but you could not enjoy that moment of openness if you didn't go through the Winter.

These days, with their light decreasing, are inviting you to be more present with your inner self and upgrade the level of your consciousness in your daily life.

These days are encouraging you to take care of your inner garden, your secret space.

Best Crystals to wear in Winter and Chakra to balance

You have not mistaken this invitation with a suggestion to close or cover your authenticity in any way.

Instead, this critical time of the year is the perfect occasion to make your ruts stronger, discover new sources and cleanse your communication channels.
Mind that health and joy came from the openness to receiving and giving when your energy flow without blocks or knots.

Winter not just prepare you for Spring, but also teaches you don't need to live a lonely life to fully embrace, understand and live more consciously.
Instead is the opposite, and I show you why immediately.

The 3 Stages to Self-Flourish this Winter

what to do & best crystals to wear

To better understand the journey that Mother Nature suggests during the winter, try to think about you like a flower. You and a peony look different, but your lives have many things in common.

Winter encourages you to check the level of your grounding and make it more robust and deep these days.
That's the time to understand better what calm and mindfulness mean.

All wild creatures on the planet know that they have to wait during the winter.
And that's what they do.

It doesn't mean you have to stay on your couch all day long to embrace the suggestion of Mother Nature!
You're human, so it encourages you to focus your attention on the inner side of yourself intensifying a free and intimate dialogue with your roots.

If Summer is the season of body expansion outwards, Winter is the season of the expansion towards the inland.

This is the moment to go back to your roots, check how they feel and take care of them.
They're the foundation of your temple, never forget that.
Taking care of your roots focusing on driving fresh energy to the inside doesn't mean building a wall between you and the outside world.

Staying alone for too long is never positive.
We're on this planet to share our joy and learning each other, as every living creature one planet does.

So the recommendation here is to drive your inner eyes to your core, maintaining your skin sensitive and reactive on everything happens around.

How to Take Action:

best Crystals to wear to sustain your culture

This season could be challenging, not just because of the Holiday Season when you may have extra things to do even if your days still has 24 hours, but also because of the natural light and temperature decreasing.
These things combining could bring in anxiety and stress.

If you find yourself in this position, take this chance to work with one of the most vibrant and helpful crystal on the planet, Garnet.
Garnet encourages you to strengthen your foundation and dispelling stress, so you feel your physical, etheric and emotional body more stable and relaxed.

If you wear a ring, I suggest you wear Garnet
on the index, if you want to focus your attention on dive deeper in your core and learning from what you find to grow your self esteem and leadership.
on the thump, if you need to change some attitude or develop your relationship, also in business.

If you prefer to wear necklace I recommend to wear garnet as a pendant with 80 cm - 31,5 in - chain so your Amulet will be at the center of your body.
Mind that you can wear your talisman also in contact with your skin or on your underwear, not just on your skirt.

What happens when you drive your energy to the inner side taking care of the warm and soft earth where your ruts are grounded?

Your foundation becomes even more stable, your ruts are more fresh and robust.
This is a perfect assumption of what we call "transformation".

Thanks to your mind and actions you're able to grow and create a new journey, a new beginning within yourself.

Here is where the transformation, the evolution begins.
Is where the nourishment you get from the Earth, becomes part of your experiences evolving on what we feel, emotions.

"Transformation" is inevitable in life, but if you want it also means "evolution" you have to take with us one of the vital tools of every love warriors: a genuine trust.

Even more often I see people sharing "distrust attitudes", especially with posture and facial expression.
Curved shoulders (closed), flexion at the level of the stomach and back that tends to draw a bow.

Mind that your body suggests to your mind how to deal with every event in life. These unconscious postures are dangerous because they physically block the 5° and 2° Chakra.
This approach doesn't come from the emotional blocks, instead of from the idea to protect us from outside aggression. This idea that we have to protect ourselves from everything is becoming much more popular and also many crystal therapists suggest to protect the body from every sort of negativity.
However, you have to be careful to don't exceed in this practice.
It could mean building too many walls around you, anding up to close your body in a bubble.

Living a healthy life means consciously work towards growing and expansion, not constriction or implosion. Living a healthy life is also sharing our emotions, knowledge, and energy and learn from the exchange with others.
So make sure to distinguish between protect and close your body to the Universe.

How to Take Action:

best Crystals to wear to encourage transformation

Everything is about flow and connection.

Make sure to keep the doors of your emotional temple open so wind can go in and out, bringing fresh air and life into it.
This wind moves everything bringing vitality, and it's positive even when it seems to mess up your favorite rooms!

Make sure to visit your temple and see what happens there regularly, you can always find a treasure!

When you feel you have to grow your connection and relation with your emotions and feelings (meaning establish a deeper connection with your emotions) make sure to wear a top quality Citrine as an Amulet.

Carrying the power of the Sun, Citrine encourages new experiences and explorations attracting wealth and prosperity.
It also encourages you to be more generous and positive.

It's also excellent to overcome depression and reduces the sensitivity to criticism supporting creativity and self-expression.

Or if you feel this winter as a sort of handbrake for everything about physical action and vitality, make sure to wear Pyrite at least for one week, it teaches you how to overcome laziness and listlessness discovering how this season is magic and productive.

Which is the primary goal of cultivating, and growing?
It's sharing the fruits you get from that time with others and also yourself.

This is the way to experience how our energy shifted and how we feel better than before.

The invitation you get from Winter is really unique because at one side it leads you to an intimate communication with your inner core, at the other side it guides you to share yourself with others with balanced empathy, and a joyful sense of community.

That's why this is the perfect time to let the turquoise Chakra free from armors and boundaries.
For example, if you feel you're close into your emotional cocoon, or there's a sense of tension and anxiety in your office and you avoid your co-workers, or you feel the urgency to resolve conflicts or debate with others, that's the perfect time to challenge yourself to melt all these limitations.

How to Take Action:

best Crystals to share your truth

When the channel between the turquoise Chakra (5°Chakra) and Heart is blocked you can't share the truth of the Heart.

That's completely normal after trauma or separation, but this could bring a sort of emotional deafness when it remains closed for too much.

When you need to:
cleanse the precious channel between Heart and Throat
stimulate the thymus gland, located between the Heart and the Throat Chakra
re-establish the connection with your emotions
raise balanced empathy

I recommend bringing with you an Amulet with the powerful Chrysocolla making sure to choose, as always, a vibrant piece for you.

The powerful ray of Chrysocolla gives you access to repressed emotions lighting the way to experiences we forgot and providing the opportunity to release stagnant energies.
This process is a boost to continue to walk on your journey towards higher consciousness and spiritual evolution.

If you choose to wear your Chrysocolla as a necklace you have the opportunity to have this powerful stone close to your heart so their dialogue is direct and close.

If you prefer ring, I recommend to wear Chrysocolla on the finger ring, the channel of self expression, Love and Relationship.

Hope this article can help you during the coldest time of the year because you can discover and develop a new and warm fire inside yourself <3

With All Love

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Early Fiction in England

Curatore: Laura Ashe
Formato: EPUB con DRM
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A brilliant new anthology that shows how fiction was reinvented in the twelfth century after an absence of hundreds of years. Essential for all students of medieval literature, Early Fiction in England includes extracts by Geoffrey of Monmouth, Wace, Marie de France, Chaucer and many others, in new translations and with illuminating introductions.

Before the twelfth century, fiction had completely disappeared in Europe. In this important and provocative book, Laura Ashe shows how English writers brought it back, composing new tales about King Arthur, his knights and other heroes and heroines in Latin, French and English. Why did fiction disappear, and why did it come to life again to establish itself the dominant form of literature ever since? And what do we even mean by the term 'fiction'? Gathering extracts from the most important texts of the period by Wace, Marie de France, Chaucer and others, this volume offers an absorbing and surprising introduction to the earliest fiction in England.

The anthology includes a general introduction by Laura Ashe, introductions to each extract, explanatory notes and other useful editorial materials. All French and Latin texts have been newly translated, while Middle English texts include helpful glosses.

Laura Ashe is a University Lecturer in English and Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford. Her first book Fiction and History in England, 1066-1200 (Cambridge University Press, 2007) has been followed by numerous articles and edited collections; she is now writing the newOxford English Literary History vol. 1: 1000-1350 (Oxford University Press).


Miranda Davis

Miranda DavisMiranda recently started her insurance career with Midwest Heritage in October.  Miranda was raised in Chariton, Iowa. What Miranda enjoys most about working for Midwest Heritage is the company values.  Miranda previously worked at the Hy-Vee Distribution Center and she appreciates how Midwest Heritage mirrors the same values as Hy-Vee. In her free time she enjoys sports, spending time with her boyfriend Alex, and seeing her friends and family. Miranda is excited to be a part of the Midwest Heritage team!


Nebraska Court Surety Bonds

A court surety bond is a blanket term for all surety bonds that are required for proceedings in a court of law. These bonds are used to ensure the fulfillment of a court-appointed task or reduce the risk of financial loss. They have a multitude of purposes but can be divided into two categories: Judicial and Fiduciary bonds.

Judiciary Surety Bonds are used in civil court cases and typically protect against financial loss as a result of a court ruling. A plaintiff or defendant may be required to provide a surety bond to protect the other party from loss because of a judge’s decision prior to final judgement. The underwriting process for this type of bond can be rigorous due to the underwriter’s inability to easily predict the outcome of court rulings, making this type of bond difficult to qualify for. The most common judiciary bonds are appeal bonds, bail bonds and cost surety bonds.

Fiduciary Surety Bonds, also known as probate bonds, are required for individuals appointed by the court to care for others or manage other’s assets. These bonds guarantee that the individual appointed by the court will fulfill their duties, per the court’s expectations, and ethically handle assets assigned to them. This bond will typically cover the amount of assets the person is handling to ensure proper protection. The most common fiduciary bonds are custodian bonds, executor bonds and guardianship bonds.

Pacific Surety Proudly offers Court Surety Bonds in the following states:

Please select a state

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Sold in Northern Liberties

Christian was the best realtor that we had to sell our property in Northern Liberties! He was the only one that was realistic in the sale price of our home which was sold close to the asking price. He was responsive (text and phone), patient and willing to come up with other ways to complete the sale. We would definitely use him again.


FHA Loan ProgramHaving a home, as in a physical dwelling, is a fundamental basis for the right to a life of dignity, safety, and security. Feeling at home is vital for good mental and physical health, as it makes you feel more “included”. Renting or owning a house in a neighborhood enhances a person’s private and social life. Simply put, home ownership both a necessity and aspiration that all people share.

The relationship between homelessness and mental illness can be argued based on these circumstances. Having a mental health problem can cause a person to become homeless, and homelessness can cause or exacerbate existing mental health issues.

Homelessness in the US

Several studies report that depression rates are much higher in the homeless population. Rates of hospitalizations are much more pronounced among poor or homeless people. In a 2015 report published by the Nation Alliance to End Homelessness, between 2 to 3 million people in the US experienced an episode of homelessness.

And this number continued to rise as the global financial crisis materialized. By 2014, the number dropped to a million people, an improvement attributed to the passing of the HEARTH Act, which channeled funds to a nationwide homeless assistance system.

There are nearly 100,000 chronically homeless people in the US and many more of them who live in permanent housing still remain poor. But, on a positive note, many family households who experienced homelessness and moved from one transitional shelter to another were able to secure jobs and buy their own homes through the FHA loan program.

Ending Homelessness

Homelessness, much like mental illnesses, is not something you can fix overnight. While like mental illnesses, homelessness is not a hopeless condition. By providing assistance and the economic resources to attain stability, they can bounce back and live a meaningful life.

READ  Pointers to Help Cut Down on Currency Exchange Costs

Psychologists and advocates consider both homelessness and mental illnesses as a matter of public health, which means that we must redouble our efforts to address homelessness and conditions associated with it. In cases like these, psychologists play an important role in identifying the root causes or specific circumstances that push people with mental health problems to being homeless.

But putting an end to homelessness requires cooperation between various members of the community. Temporary shelters are nothing but band-aid solutions. What experts suggest is a more holistic way of bringing back safety and stability to homeless people’s lives.


In Wicca the boline (also spelled bolline) is a white-handled ritual knife, one of several magical tools used in Wicca. Unlike the athame, which in most traditions is never used for actual physical cutting, the boline is used for cutting cords and herbs, carving candles, etc. It has a small, straight or crescent-shaped blade and a handle which is traditionally white in colour.[1]

The boline has been adopted by several other modern forms of witchcraft including Eclectic Wicca. Amongst these later traditions opinions vary as to whether the boline is truly a magical tool or is merely of utilitarian purpose. Sometimes a knife called a kirfane (spellings vary) is used, for roughly the same purposes as the boline[2]. This is similar to the name Kirpan traditionally given to the sacred dagger of the Sikh religion.

From the Key of Solomon: the Artano and Bolino are top left of the image.Many of the Bolines advertised in on-line 'magick shops' have a characteristic crescent shape, and are described as being for harvesting herbs. This crescent shape is reminiscent of the sickle described in the Key of Solomon, a medieval grimoire which is one of the sources for modern Wicca[5].. Confusingly, an Italian version of the Key of Solomon has a hook-shaped knife called an artano (a possible root for athame) and a straight, needle-shaped blade called a bolino. When the name 'Boline' was first used to describethe crescent-shaped blade is not clear.


Migration of birds essay definition

Birds Migration Birds are flying creatures that like to stay in warm places. The movement of birds flying from one place to another is called migration. The dexterity of the birds body make Spring migration is an especially good time for those that feed birds in their backyard to attract species they normally do not see.

Offering a variety of food sources, water, and adding natural food sources to the landscape can make a Migration is the movement of an animal from one region, or habitat, to another. This happens at regular periods of time, and during a particular season. Birds migrate twice a year, once in spring and again in fall. ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about the Migration of Birds: 1. Definition of Bird Migration 2. Types of Bird Migration 3. Causes 4.

Guiding Mechanisms 5. Disadvantages. Contents: Definition of Bird Migration Types of Bird Migration Causes of Migration Guiding Mechanisms in Bird Navigation Disadvantages of Bird Migration 1.

How can the answer be improved? The migration of these birds is a natural phenomenon. They have to do that in order to maintain ecological balance and most importantly, to survive. However, the natural phenomenon is always followed by harsh repercussions that are unavoidable. Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food.

Birds The earliest birds of which we have any record were descended from reptiles and lived about a hundred and thirty million years ago. These first birds had tails like lizards and teeth in their jaws. Over a period of many millions of years, the wings developed at the expense of the tail and the teeth disappeared. Thus birds as we know the today

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Teaching Philosophy as the Search for Complication

Most students in philosophy classrooms in the United States are taking their first and only philosophy course. Why is it their only one?

There are lots of reasons, but here I’m just going to address one: students’ impression that philosophy is a waste of time. This is an opinion a few students have shared with me over the years, and one sees it thrown around a fair amount in various popular discussions of philosophy. Philosophy may ask interesting questions, but in most philosophy classrooms, these questions never get decisively settled. So what’s the point of all that philosophy? If all the proposed answers have problems, why bother going through them?

This is not an unreasonable view. In general, questions are for answering. And in most other college courses, questions are satisfactorily answered. But in philosophy courses—especially at the introductory levels—they are not, and it’s hard to see how they could be.

Thinking that philosophy is pointless may deter students from taking additional philosophy courses, or may get them to disengage from their current one.

What should philosophy professors do about this?

One thing I’ve tried over the past couple of years in my lower-level courses is a complete reframing in my account to the students of what we’re doing when we’re doing philosophy. One of the most important things studying philosophy can do, I tell them, is reveal that everything is much more complicated than they’ve been led to believe. This is in part evidenced by the astonishing range of questions we can raise about our beliefs, and by the surprising range of answers to these questions—answers which in turn raise further complications.

Framing philosophy as the search for complication turns aspects of philosophy courses that students tend to see as failures into successes.

For example, in my Contemporary Moral Problems course, which for many students is their first ever philosophy course, one topic I often cover is abortion. We read from authors who disagree with each other not just on the permissibility of abortion but also on what’s important in discussions of abortion. After this unit, students are left with more questions and uncertainty about abortion than before, realizing that certain moves they were led to think settle disputes over abortion really just get the conversation about it started. Philosophy has not shown them which position is correct. That could seem like a failure. But if the point of covering abortion was to show just how complicated an issue it is, then we see how we’ve ended up with a success.

I emphasize at the start of the term and repeatedly throughout it that our job as philosophers is to discover how much more complicated various matters are than what they’ve been told by politicians, the press, their families, their religious authorities. Lessons on various topics and arguments are organized to highlight the variety and difficulty of questions they raise. By downplaying the importance of coming to conclusive answers, not coming to them during the course is not seen as a disappointment.

What we do in philosophy courses at this level is like mapping a territory; it isn’t a problem when the map is more complicated than you thought it was going to be. And now you have a more accurate map to what we’re interested in exploring.

Does this work? I admit I don’t have concrete evidence that it does. I do seem to have had fewer instances of students complaining about the point of philosophy. And there seems to be broader and more consistent participation in class, perhaps owing to the class being more about questions and complications than on coming to have some position or another. As a teacher, I feel like I’m doing a better job: the course is unified around a defensible thesis, evidence for which accrues with each topic, that is valuable for the students to understand.

The idea of philosophy complicating matters is one that will be familiar to any philosopher, but I hadn’t seen it suggested as the organizing theme of a course, and thought I’d share my thoughts about and experience with it. Discussion welcome.

Victor Vasarely, “Tridim”

related: “The Intellectual Achievement of Creating Questions

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The number 14 in carbon 14 dating Mature sex meeting no hidden costs

Posted by / 21-Sep-2017 00:04

The number 14 in carbon 14 dating

As of July 2015, no similar study has been conducted on a global basis.[81] * From 1979–2014, the three temperate datasets posted above differed from one another by an annual average of 0.13ºF (0.07ºC).

The largest gap between any of the datasets in any year was 0.38ºF (0.21ºC), and the smallest gap was 0ºF/C: * To reconstruct global average temperatures in the era before instrumental measurements were made on a global scale, scientists use proxies that respond to changes in climate, such as the widths of tree rings and certain elements of the geological record, to estimate temperature variations in the past.[83] [84] * The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific body established in 1988 by the United Nations and World Meteorological Organization.

A caveat of this finding is that it is based upon weather balloon data, which “must be treated with great caution, particularly at [higher] altitudes….”[214] [215] states that the “sign and the magnitude of the global mean cloud feedback depends on so many factors that it remains very uncertain.” This is because some types of clouds trap heat while others reflect it.[217] [218] [219] found that ice clouds (also called cirrus clouds[220]) exert a “strongly negative” feedback to temperature changes, regardless of whether these changes are increases or decreases.

A caveat of this finding is that the feedback process operates “on a time scale of weeks,” and “it is not obvious whether similar behavior would occur on the longer time scales associated with global warming.”[221] [222] * Other feedbacks that may have “a substantial impact on the magnitude, the pattern, or the timing of climate warming” include snow coverage, temperature gradients in Earth’s atmosphere, aerosols, trace gases, soil moisture changes, and ocean processes.[223] * Per a 2003 report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, between the mid-1970s and late 1990s, apparent food consumption per person increased by 15% worldwide, 25% in developing countries, and more than 36% in China.

Hopefully it will give some insight into the science and the people behind it.[129] [130] Look at the instrumental record!

One of these was a series of buoys, each containing thermometers located ten feet above the water and at one foot below the water.

The study found that water temperatures increased on average by 0.23ºF (0.13ºC) per decade between 19, while air temperatures cooled by 0.02 to 0.09ºF (0.01 to 0.06ºC) per decade during the same period.[78] examined the locations of 1,007 of the 1,221 monitoring stations used to determine average surface temperature changes across the continental United States.

The following map shows these productivity changes, with green signifying higher vegetation productivity and red lower: Plants need water, light, warmth, nutrition and CO2 to grow.

the number 14 in carbon 14 dating-45the number 14 in carbon 14 dating-20the number 14 in carbon 14 dating-66

* This graph is called the “hockey stick graph” because the curve looks like a hockey stick laid on its side (click on the footnote for a graphic illustration).[92] The red part of the curve represents modern instrument-measured surface temperatures, the blue represents proxy data, the black line is a smoothed average of the proxy data, and the gray represents the margin of error with 95% confidence.[93] [94] * This graph has been the subject of disputes in scientific journals,[100] [101] congressional hearings,[102] [103] and legal proceedings including a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit.[104] [105] Just Facts presently does not have the resources to conclusively assess all the competing claims on this issue, but the facts we have verified are as follows: medieval warmth,” and shows the following graph of temperature changes for the Northern Hemisphere over the past 1,300 years.


Emily Ortiz
Principal (530) 633-2591
Karen Roberts
Secretary (530) 633-2591
Maribel Vergara Clerk (530) 633-2591
Kelley Gordon
Nurse (530) 633-2591
Click on the name of the person above to e-mail them. If it takes you to Outlook, and your computer has a different e-mail browser, you will have to copy and paste the e-mail address of the person you wish to contact.


Sunday Dinners: Not Yo Mama's Porridge from Cath at Peace Meals

A note from Katie: Cath was a fellow Mitchell Scholar and is a good friend from my Belfast days. She's the founder and driving force behind Peace Meals, an exciting organization focused on bringing people together for healing and community building around food. She's currently in culinary school to become a Natural Foods Chef, and shares today's recipe in the spirit of healthy eating and joyful living that makes her such an inspiration. (Scroll to bottom of post for recipe card)

Forget Quaker Oats. It’s time to add some variety, culinary panache, and nutrients to breakfast (or lunch or dinner or study time snack or whenever you eat oatmeal.) Did you know that there are many other grains that pack a whole lot more punch than simple rolled oats? And don’t even mention those microwave packets of instant oats + refined sugars + other unpronounceable flavorings.

I promise you, buying grains in bulk and cooking a batch for the week will save you time AND money – two things we all need more of, right? Cook up a big batch of this porridge and save it in the fridge for as long as you want, taking servings out when you start to get munchy. Use sweet or savory toppings and you’ve got a complete meal.

Why not oats?

Cath Hosting a Peace meals event

Cath Hosting a Peace meals event

I mean, nothing against oats (or the peaceful Quakers…). But there are other grains out there that have tons more fiber (keeping your plumbing system and blood sugar in balance), tons more vitamins and minerals, and tons more protein. It is always a good idea to start your day off with protein, which energizes you, gets your brain primed, and keeps you feeling fuller longer…so you don’t crash and reach for that Poptart at 11am.

 Where will I get these non-Quaker grains?

You can usually find these grains in bulk at health foods stores, or more and more frequently in packets at your local grocery. You may be surprised at how affordable they are, and how long they last you.

A secret you never learned in Home Economics

Always soak your grains. “Excuse me??” you may ask. “Who has time to wait for grains to soak…I mean, that’s why I’ve been eating instant oats with freeze-dried blueberries all this time.” But something your high school Home Ec teacher never told you: soaking is necessary to neutralize the phytates in the grain. Phytates bind to some minerals like iron and calcium and can slow or block absorption. So, soaking makes grains more digestible makes the nutrients more available and cuts down on cooking time.

So, measure out the portion you want to cook and cover with water, plus about a teaspoon of an acid like vinegar or lemon juice. Leave to sit at least 4 hours, preferably overnight. When you want to cook, drain and rinse and add fresh water. Bring to a boil then turn down the heat to a simmer. Simmer for 20-40 minutes, depending on the grain. As a general rule: 1 cup grain + 2 cups water, but watch and taste periodically. Basically It’s done when it’s soft enough to chew.

Sooo…what grains are we talking about?

Here’s a few of my favorites, and why (oh yeah, they’re all gluten free too!)…

  1. Millet. Rich in energy-boosting iron, B vitamins and amino acids (AKA protein).
  2. Quinoa. This is a complete protein, so it will keep you fuller longer. It has tons of calcium, iron, phosphorous, B vitamins and vitamin E (good for skin and nails!). This is my breakfast porridge of choice, if I had to be biased.
  3. Amaranth. Even though the seeds are TINY, it packs a protein punch. According to Elenore Bendel-Zahn, “1 cup cooked amaranth provides over half of your daily protein needs, is higher in calcium then milk (cup for cup) and packs incredible amounts of minerals and vitamins. Amaranth was the sacred grain of the Aztecs and highly revered for it’s energizing properties.” SOURCE:
  4. Buckwheat. Buckwheat (not related to wheat at all), is also a complete protein, and has tons of calcium. It’s also great with fiber, so it has a longer transit time in your gut, which stabilizes the blood sugar and keeps you feeling fuller longer.
  5. Brown Rice. Rice is a breakfast staple in many Asian countries. Go for brown rice, which is a whole grain with more fiber. It is also super cheap, but be sure to soak it overnight as it could take up to 45 minutes to cook!

But a bowl of porridge seems so…boring.

Not so! Add toppings any way you want.

Even better: tell your friends you’re cooking up a big batch of hot porridge and ask them to each bring a topping, potluck-style. See the crazy combinations that happen, as well as the friendships that blossom naturally around the table. I used to have Porridge and Pancake parties in college and it was fun to see how creative people got…or what they needed to clean out of their cupboards.

Sunday Dinners Porridge

I mean, really, what’s better than a soul-warming bowl of porridge on a wintry day? So go amp up your porridge game!


Pupae and larvaeMany of these insects, such as mosquito and blood worm, can live in low oxygenated water and so they may be found in the bottom of a pond or in water sources such as water butts for collecting rainwater.

Many, like the mosquito have a larvae and pupae stage in their life cycle. The larvae stage is very active and they swim in a wiggly movement and then return to the surface. The mosquito larva (left) have a breathing tube to breathe at the surface. The larvae start off tiny and then they grow, moulting their skin 5 times.

Adult midgeThe larvae then develop into pupae that look like a curled up form of the larva. This is a non-feeding stage and inside the pupae the adult is beginning to develop (similar to a butterfly chrysalis) but the mosquito pupa is still active.

Eventually the newly formed adult will emerge at the surface of the water. The newly emerged adult will rest on the surface of the water for a short time to allow itself to dry and all its body parts to harden. The wings have to spread out and dry properly before it can fly. This is a very vulnerable stage for the adults and many will be eaten by predators or become trapped on the surface of the water.

If you watch through the Winterbourne Stream cam, when the water level is high, you will see a swarm of midges flying above the water These adult flies will mate and soon lay eggs in the water to start a new life cycle.

Many of the adults will be eaten by insect-eating birds that are attracted to ponds and ditches in search of food. These can be an important source of food for nesting birds, including the reed warblers that nest in the heart of reeds.

The adult insects can be seen swarming low over the surface of still or slow moving water and these may be eaten by swallows and house martins that can fly low over the water to grab a flying insect.

Many of these midge larvae can live in low oxygenated water so you might find them in your water butt or in a container that has filled with rainwater. Carefully catch some of the larvae and examine them with a magnifying glass or using a USB microscope. Some of the larvae have breathing tubes (e.g. mosquito) and others (blood worm larva) have gills.


Einbock Chopstar Cereal Hoe

Einbock Chopstar Cereal Hoe

Robert Herrod and his son James run a 460-acre organic farm in the Taunton area, as well as tending to a broiler flock of 80,000 birds. The decision to remove chemical inputs from the soil reduced costs but also raised concerns about weed control, which had led to the Herrods removing wheat from the rotation Read More…

What our customers say

    Phil Emmett

    Robert Herrod


APSN Network Survey: Report of Findings

Considerable human and technological capacity is required on part of State safeguards authorities to be able to effectively implement their safeguards obligations. In effort to prioritize its activities, APSN carried out two surveys to obtain a better understanding of safeguards needs in the region and to establish a baseline of available training capabilities. The Safeguards Needs Survey was designed to identify all training needs of APSN member states including those of immediate priority. The Training Providers Survey was designed to determine available resources and interest to meet those needs. Together, the surveys enable APSN to optimize available training resources and ensure that the highest priority training needs are met.


In the midst of many programs and existing weight loss products, many people think that the weight loss process is really a difficult process and that you will need specialists and people who have tested or even investigated. but this is not the caseThe Internet has many weight loss apps, which provide skills and suggestions for weight loss tips. The best tips on weight loss can help you get here, which can improve your whole health and reduce your weight.

Eat a balanced diet

You really should not ignore any food group. You always have a 7-day diet plan for slimming. Carbohydrate, protein and even fat are essential for efficient operation of the body – there is no need to completely eliminate them. It is important to eat the right types of these products. When it comes to fat, make sure you get the right type of fat and balanced saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated. They include fatty acids found in fatty fish such as salmon.

Regular push-ups and throws

You need to get regular push-ups and pressure plans. It helps in making muscles in the body. Make a specific set of exercises to cut every part of the body. To make more muscles, keep throwing free weight in each hand. Also, while push-ups, keep your back and legs in a straight line to make them more effective. This combination of exercises will help you lose weight during the week.

Adopting a Fast Weight Loss Program

Despite adhering to all weight loss plan guidelines, and, weight loss tips people often have difficulty in achieving goals. If this is the case for you, then use a professional fast weight loss program that will take care of your hormones. Hormones control the rate of fat burning in your body. Thanks to the good weight loss program, the body can burn calories every minute. Choosing the best and testing program to lose weight is important. If you follow the given instructions, your extra pounds will be easily and quickly disappearing.

Always take healthy weight loss foods

The first sign of getting rid of fat changes in nutrient habits which you should replace unhealthy foods with healthy weight loss foods every day. These may include green vegetables, fearsome foods such as red rice and wheat bread. It is also worth noting on the types of meat and fish that do not keep fat. They are musk lean that can be eaten with other foods that produce the effects of fat burning in the body.

Drink lots of water

Drinking in large quantities of water is the fastest way to lose weight. Drink as much water as you can, but avoid beverages that have high calorific value. You should also avoid high sodium content and carbohydrate products, because they want to keep water in the body. Water is an ideal beverage that does not contain calories, carbohydrates or sodium content. Moreover, it helps the body to get rid of toxins and improves metabolism. You can make it more interesting by adding mint leaves or lemon leaves.

Adopt low carb diet plan for weight loss

Generally, when a person enters one of these 30-day meal plans to lose weight, it is an effort to get better health. Occasionally it is done on personal request, while at other times therapists can write this form of diet to fight the disease potential. Apart from this, you will start making more lean muscles on the body. There is more fat than body muscle, it is very fast to burn calories, which means that you can burn calories, while another important thing of the resting process before eating is that these diets It helps you to control blood sugar. Diabetes is often kept on helping these plans help in reducing the need for insulin.

Replace carbohydrates with vegetables

If you prefer to eat a lot of white bread, pasta and white rice, stay away from them for at least a week. Instead of replacing them with vertebrate products, bring more vegetables to the plate. Avoiding all types of carbohydrates will reduce the waist. Since simple carbohydrates are easily digested, you have a tendency to starve, which causes excessive irritation. On the other hand, complex carbohydrate digestion in vegetables requires more time, and you do not feel like eating for long periods of time.

Cardio exercises for 30 minutes

By exercising cardio for at least 30 minutes a day, you can quickly burn calories and lose weight. Apart from this, if you decide to practice cardio in which many muscles are included at the same time, then you will burn more calories. You should stop losing weight in your nutrition program, you should add a more common exercise to increase metabolism and increase energy levels. You can join the exercises; To teach the fitness trainer or home level.

Adequate sleep

Gold is a favorite, fast weight loss, because it is the easiest. Do not underestimate the power of adequate sleep. This is essential for your overall weight loss plans. Similarly, having enough sleep for less than eight hours helps in ensuring leptin level balance and is supported in weight reduction:

Choose a simple and easy cardio vascular exercise

If you want to lose weight by unwanted fat instead of muscle and water, the best way to get it is to burn it with aerobic exercise. A good example of a simple and easy cardio exercise is a quick walk. You can walk outside or inside the treadmill. If you are a newbie, you can start with 10 minutes per week, with 10 minutes per session.

Design an effective nutrition plan for weight loss strategy

If you want to achieve fast weight loss results and you want to get this weight from unwanted fat, you need to provide the body with the necessary food to do the right thing. It contains the daily calories and the optimum amount of all the macronutrients and micronutrients that you want every day. The easiest and easiest way is to divide what you eat and four equal meals. After doing this, start eating every meal every four hours.

Eat lots of fibres

By eating a wide range of fibre-rich products, the digestive tract will help to move food more efficiently through the intestine. Not only this, but the fibre is also stored in the intestines and you feel full, which means that you will eat more wisely. Increasing daily weight loss diet foods like fibre is a great idea, and it is also quite simple; There are many natural foods such as oats, vegetables and fruits. The average person can lose about 10 pounds annually by doubling his fibre intake! Will, not this easy way to help you in your effort to lose weight?

Do not eat in the night

This is one of the easiest and to quick weight loss but most of us do not pay attention to this. If you are trying to lose weight, then Nighttime Snacks is one of the worst habits. It can add empty calories to your diet, not only to stop weight loss but also to gain benefits. After dinner, we eat high fat and calorie foods, such as ice cream or potato chips, and generally, we are sitting in front of the TV. This is a bad connection because the TV is distracting you, so you eliminate more food.

Add proteins to your diet

Adding foods such as lean protein to weekly weight loss diet can make you feel that you are not on the diet, even if you are in fact. Proteins feel full, so you have less chance of having more food or snacking during meals. To keep your hunger in the bay, add some protein to each meal and feel satisfied. The healthy proteins you can use are low-fat yoghurt, peanut butter, eggs, beans, nuts and lean meat. Nuts and peanut butter have high levels of fat, and although it is a healthy fat, small portions should be kept.

Control your environment

Just keep your home with good food, not gadgets. If they are not there then you can not eat cookies. Fill your Pantry healthy products that you like, or fewer calorie versions of them, you can not eat without them. Sugar-free gel-o and pudding, and frozen curd to meet your sweet spot, but still, they can increase the weight if you eat too much, so too much grip and different parts to control order parts. Do not buy are great. Also, if you are at a party, there is no problem, just keep going

Eat a little less

You really do not want to have some foods that do not need to: To reduce the amount of what you eat and you can still lose considerable weight having good weekly meal plans for weight loss. It does not include breakfast and desserts: If you eat every night, you do not lose weight, but if you apply this principle to regular food, it can make a big difference. For example, in the dining room, you have only one bowl of noodles if you have two or usually eat steak instead of half full. You’ll cut out the calories and see the results.

Take the right weight loss drinks

These beverages claim that in ways of weight loss, suppressing appetite burns metabolism and calories. These drinks are usually dietary cocktails, usually with fewer calories, micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. The most important weight loss drinks are:

O Ice-cold water – Because our body needs to burn calories to warm the cold water in our body temperature, ice cold water helps in the number of calories burned every day.

O Milk – Calcium in the milk increases the fat breakdown in fat cells. A moderate amount of milk, 3-4 servings a day, can help you lose 30-50% of your body weight.

O Green tea: Drinking 3-5 cup green tea a day can burn 35-40% fat during the day, increase the rate of metabolic rate.

Low-calorie weight loss shakes

Low-calorie weight loss shakes has become very popular and it is advised to use excessive weight and obesity to use a controlled diet and reduce calorie intake to about 500-900 calories a day. Liquid cocktails with a high protein diet usually contain vitamins and minerals which can be obtained in a normal diet.

Loss of body weight is much easier than we thought; In fact, most of us know some of this immediate urgency in order to lose weight but fail to do so again and to consider the great variety of existing solutions. It is not possible for some to follow a certain weight loss plan and continue to shift from one losing one’s plan to another, while the whole process is largely dependent on motivation

https:// www.healthline .com/nutrition/how-to-lose-weight-as-fast-as-possible
https:// www.cosmopolitan .com/health-fitness/advice/…/drop-5-pounds-in-a-week-050…
https:// skinnyms .com/15-quick-weight-loss-tips/


A bit more than a year ago, the KDE community decided to focus on a few goals. One of those goals (the most important one as far as I’m concerned) is to increase the users’ control over their private data.

KDE developers and users have always been a privacy-minded bunch. But due to all the fun things that have happened in the recent years, we had to switch to the next gear.

We have seen new projects like KDE Itinerary (by Volker), Plasma Vault (by yours truly), Plasma Mycroft (by Yuri and Aditya), etc. There has also been a lot of work to improve our existing projects like KMail.

Now, this post is not about any of these.

It is about a KDE Privacy developer sprint organized by Sando Knauß.

The sprint will be held in Leipzig (Germany) from 22. 3. to 26. 3. and all privacy-minded contributors are invited to join.