Community Based Engineering Framework

The four elements of the CBE framework guide the process of applying engineering design to a problem in your community. The framework begins with identifying a suitable community problem and ends with explaining a solution designed and prototyped by students.

Four Key Elements of the Community-Based Engineering Framework

A. Unpack the Problem

Identify community problems and determine which might be solved through engineering design. Choose a particular problem, identify the specific community needs, and make a list of criteria and constraints.

B. Research and Plan a Solution

Brainstorm potential solutions to the problem. Investigate scientific phenomena related to the problem and its potential solutions. Consult resources to plan a specific solution that might meet the criteria and constraints.

C. Construct and Test a Prototype

Construct a prototype that demonstrates a solution. Test the prototype to see if it stays within the constraints and fulfills the criteria. Make changes and test again.

D. Explain and Redesign

Generate explanations for what does and does not work about the prototypes. Make recommendations for next steps for solving the community problem.

CBE Lesson Sequence

Overview of the Community-Based Engineering Strategy

The CBE framework provides a guiding structure for a Community Based Engineering curriculum module. Here we share more details about how to make CBE happen in the classroom. We recommend a sequence of six lessons, each with a set of student learning objectives in sync with the CBE framework. Each lesson can be planned to take place over several short class sessions or in one longer single session.

Student Learning Objectives

Learning objectives for each of these lessons and the alignment with standards.

Lesson 1

Describe engineering as a process of using creativity, science, and mathematics to design and test different solutions to a problem or different ways to change a situation that people want to change.

Lesson 2

a) Identify an engineering problem in the classroom, school, or neighborhood.

b) Research the problem to generate criteria for successfully solving it, and determine limits on the materials and time that can be used to solve it.

Lesson 3

These should be identified and decided by the facilitator depending on the science, math, and technology concepts and tools to be explored in the class.

Lesson 4

a) Work both individually and collaboratively to plan a solution to an engineering problem in the community.

b) Predict how well the planned solution will work.

Lesson 5

Construct, test, and reflect on a prototype solution to an engineering problem in the community.

Lesson 6

Provide explanations for the designs and solutions with justifications in written and oral format.


Hint: keep it simple, like life twain

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Daily Inspiration - Quotes to Live By

Javier Valle-Riestra Quotes and Sayings

I hope you find great value in these Quotes by Javier Valle-Riestra from my large collection of motivational and inspirational quotes and sayings.

Manuel Rosales is being unjustly persecuted.
He won't return to Venezuela under these circumstances,
because Peru will never expel him.
- Javier Valle-Riestra

Manuel is still today a good friend.
- Klaus Schulze

I write novels because there is something I don't understand in reality.
- Manuel Puig

It's essential not to have an ideology,
not to be a member of a political party.
While the writer can have certain political views,
he has to be careful not to have his hands tied.
- Manuel Puig

If I'm working with an allegory, a fantasy,
it can be developed in synthetic terms.
- Manuel Puig

I haven't been the kind of writer about whom book-length
academic studies have been written.
- Manuel Puig

In a country like France, so ancient,
their history is full of outstanding people,
so they carry a heavy weight on their back.
Who could write in French after Proust or Flaubert?
- Manuel Puig

Your E-Mail Address:
Your Name:

If we accept the rule of those who think they are the
bosses and lords of Mexico,
nothing will change for the people on the bottom.
- Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador

I love the season changes.
- Richard Manuel

For someone who writes fiction, in order to activate
the imagination and the unconscious,
it's essential to be free.
- Manuel Puig

Tardiness in literature can make me nervous.
- Manuel Puig

I play patterns.
I'll make up a pattern and just play it.
- Richard Manuel

I would very much like to become a best-selling author.
- Manuel Puig

When I raced with Mercedes, I thought I'd learn German.
But my wife didn't want to live in Germany.
- Juan Manuel Fangio

My stories are very somber, so I think I need the comic ingredient.
Besides, life has so much humor.
- Manuel Puig

fine for quick consumption, but they have survived
50 years and are still growing.
- Manuel Puig

I believe that people who don't achieve anything in
life are isolated and resent those that are successful.
- Manuel Puig

One performs a very different act when reading a movie
and when reading a novel.
Your attention behaves differently.
- Manuel Puig

There are no managers like there used to be managers.
- Richard Manuel

If a spectator with a philosophical mind,
somebody accustomed to reading books,
gets the same kind of information in a movie,
he might not fully understand it.
- Manuel Puig

I felt the need to tell stories to understand myself.
- Manuel Puig

I only understand realism.
- Manuel Puig

Kafka truly illustrates the way the environment oppresses the individual.
He shows how the unconscious controls our lives.
- Manuel Puig

It's my own personal unconscious that ultimately creates
the novel's aesthetic facade.
- Manuel Puig

I am very interested in what has been called bad taste.
I believe the fear of displaying a soi-disant bad taste
stops us from venturing into special cultural zones.
- Manuel Puig

I've never seen a worse situation than that of young
writers in the United States.
The publishing business in North America is so commercialized.
- Manuel Puig

In film, you can't go into analytical explorations
because the audience will reject that.
- Manuel Puig

Modern American cinema seems to me superficial.
The intention is to understand a certain reality,
and the result is nothing but a photographing of that reality.
- Manuel Puig

I don't want to name names, but the least I can say
about rock and roll is that I'm suspicious.
- Manuel Puig

It's a positive force.
- Manuel Puig

My greatest aspiration was always to live in the tropics.
- Manuel Puig

The translator's task is to create, in his or her own language,
the same tensions appearing in the original.
That's hard!
- Manuel Puig

What's better, a poetic intuition or an intellectual
work? I think they complement each other.
- Manuel Puig

Hazard not your wealth on a poor man's advice.
- Don J. Manuel

I locate that special problem in a character and then try to understand it.
That's the genesis of all my work.
- Manuel Puig

The essayist has to follow a certain intellectual pattern.
The novelist has the advantage of using fantasy,
of being subjective.
- Manuel Puig

We're not going to meddle in the internal life of other
peoples and other governments,
because we don't want them meddling in ours.
- Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador

I am only interested in bad taste if I can enjoy a
gruesome tango or watch a movie that makes me cry.
- Manuel Puig

I don't have traceable literary models because I haven't
had great literary influences in my life.
- Manuel Puig

I have written every one of my novels to convince somebody of something.
- Manuel Puig

He who advises you to be reserved to your friends wishes
to betray you without witnesses.
- Don J. Manuel

you do well.
- Juan Manuel Fangio

The driver of a racing car is a component.
and I changed gear so hard that I damaged my hand.
- Juan Manuel Fangio

I like the beauty of Faulkner's poetry.
But I don't like his themes, not at all.
- Manuel Puig

I had stories that needed more space than the hour
and a half or two hours a movie gives you.
- Manuel Puig

In my time, you needed to speak a little Italian,
and that was it.
- Juan Manuel Fangio

Whenever I write, I'm always thinking of the reader.
- Manuel Puig

I began teaching in New York because I needed to stay
in the United States and didn't have my immigration papers in order,
so working for a university was a way of resolving the issue.
- Manuel Puig

Teaching is a good distraction, and I am in contact with young people,
which is very gratifying.
- Manuel Puig

My only fantasy about writing was that in my old days,
after directing many masterpieces, I would write my memoirs.
- Manuel Puig

We should try to understand our innermost needs.
We shouldn't use irony to reduce their power.
- Manuel Puig

Contrary to what Kafka does, I always like to refer
all of my fictions to the level of reality,
He, on the other hand, leaves them at an imaginary level.
- Manuel Puig

It doesn't matter that the way of life shown by Hollywood was phony.
It helped you hope.
- Manuel Puig

- Don J. Manuel

I still don't know how to read music.
- Richard Manuel

A crazy man finishes in the cemetery.
- Juan Manuel Fangio

My pleasure was to copy, not to create.
- Manuel Puig

I started writing movie scripts.
They excited me a lot, but I didn't like them when
they were finished because they were simple copies
of the films I saw in childhood.
- Manuel Puig

to his or her own point of view.
If he or she doesn't have a personal point of view,
it's impossible to be a creator.
- Manuel Puig

If the novelist shares his or her problems with the characters,
he or she is able to study his personal unconscious.
- Manuel Puig

I do believe that reading can help you understand what
you're writing and see what others are doing.
But sometimes the desire for more information can act as an inhibitor.
- Manuel Puig

Hitchcock makes it very clear to us.
There's an objective and a subjective camera,
- Manuel Puig

I allow my intuition to lead my path.
- Manuel Puig

What better model of a synthesis than a nocturnal dream? Dreams simplify,
don't they?
- Manuel Puig

I'm not a best-seller, but through translations,
I've accumulated some money.
- Manuel Puig

I don't think humor is forced upon my universe;
it's a part of it.
- Manuel Puig

Ironically, Latin American countries,
in their instability, give writers and intellectuals
the hope that they are needed.
- Manuel Puig

All of my problems are rather complicated -
I need an entire novel to deal with them,
not a short story or a movie.
It's like a personal therapy.
- Manuel Puig

I didn't choose literature.
Literature chose me.
There was no decision on my side.
- Manuel Puig

I'm not terribly happy about rock and roll.
Certain rock music is uninspiring, numbing;
it makes you feel like an idiot.
- Manuel Puig

Women rule our lives, don't they?
- Juan Manuel Fangio

Quotes and Sayings

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If there are a series of successive meltdowns that cannot be contained, Japan and the world will be faced with challenges on a scale not seen since World War II.

Seventeen miles below the surface of the Pacific Ocean and 80 miles east of the city of Sendai on the main Japanese island of Honshu, an earthquake along a fault in the Earth’s surface and a subsequent tsunami rocked the very foundation of Japan. It registered 8.9 on the Richter Scale when it struck on March 11 but has been revised to a 9 on the scale developed by Charles Richter in 1935 to measure the magnitude of an earthquake.

Previously, the highest recorded Richter Scale quake, a 9, happened in Chile in 1960. Now that the Japanese earthquake has been elevated to a 9, it will enter the record books but as the world knows, it is the devastation, not the number, which has captured our attention. As the Japanese prime minister reminded the world, this is the greatest disaster to hit Japan since the end of World War II.

Geologists fear that it is only a matter of time before the West Coast of the United States is struck, which was the case in Alaska in March 1964. But let’s say there is a quake, followed by a 50-foot wall of water that hits California. However devastating the impact on the land, infrastructure, population and economy of the region affected, the rest of the nation would not be shut down. But Japan’s land mass is very different. The entire series of islands are slightly less than the size of California. It is a tightly packed nation with 126.5 million people, less than half of the population of the United States with its 310 million. When one visits Japan, you are never far from the Japanese Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The earthquake moved this island nation 12 feet eastward and also caused a 6.5-inch shift in the rotation of the Earth.

The most pressing problem of Armageddon proportions comes from the possible meltdown of three or more nuclear reactors at the Fukushima site, which is located in Sendai, the city most affected. There has already been a “partial meltdown” of two of the reactors and more than 200,000 people have been evacuated from the surrounding area.

If the partial meltdowns can be contained and other nuclear plants do not start to have the same problems due to a lack of electrical power to cool the reactors, Japan will recover. However, it will not happen in a matter of months. The disaster had already taken a very heavy toll on the economy. With a GDP of $5 trillion, it is the third largest economy. What drives its growth is exports of cars, heavy machinery and electrical products. Fortunately, many of its major auto companies have factories overseas but the key components come from Japan. The Japanese know if they cannot get the situation under control as fast as possible, other nations could pick up a large portion of its market share. This happened to the United Kingdom in the wake of World War II.

Working in Japan’s favor is also the nature of its people who are highly disciplined and patient. There is no concern Japan will fall into chaos or the government will fall. The Japanese also know that they will not be abandoned by the world. Random acts of nature bring out the best in the human community. But if there are a series of successive meltdowns that cannot be contained, Japan and the world will be faced with challenges on a scale never before seen with the exceptions of the destruction caused by World War II in Asia, Europe and the USSR. We can only hope we have seen the worst of the disaster. For the Japanese, we are reminded of the words of Winston Churchill; the coming together of “all the terrible ifs.”

Messenger Post


Disrespect Blocks Mercy of The Lord

Srimad Bhagavatam 10.44.40-51 - Disrespect Blocks Mercy of The Lord (download mp3)
by Shubha Vilas Prabhu at ISKCON Chowpatty

SB 10.44.40
tasyanuja bhrataro ’stau
abhyadhavann ati-kruddha
 bhratur nirvesa-karinah

Kamsa’s eight younger brothers, led by Kanka and Nyagrodhaka, then attacked the Lords in a rage, seeking to avenge their brother’s death.

SB 10.44.41
tathati-rabhasams tams tu
 samyattan rohini-sutah
ahan parigham udyamya
 pasun iva mrgadhipah

As they ran swiftly toward the two Lords, ready to strike, the son of Rohini slew them with His club just as a lion easily kills other animals.

SB 10.44.42
nedur dundubhayo vyomni
 brahmesadya vibhutayah
puspaih kirantas tam pritah
 sasamsur nanrtuh striyah

Kettledrums resounded in the sky as Brahma, Siva and other demigods, the Lord’s expansions, rained down flowers upon Him with pleasure. They chanted His praises, and their wives danced.

SB 10.44.43
tesam striyo maha-raja
tatrabhiyur vinighnantyah
 sirsany asru-vilocanah

My dear King, the wives of Kamsa and his brothers, aggrieved by the death of their well-wishing husbands, came forward with tearful eyes, beating their heads.

SB 10.44.44
sayanan vira-sayayam
 patin alingya socatih
vilepuh su-svaram naryo
 visrjantyo muhuh sucah

Embracing their husbands, who lay on a hero’s final bed, the sorrowful women loudly lamented while shedding constant tears.

SB 10.44.45
ha natha priya dharma-jña
tvaya hatena nihata
 vayam te sa-grha-prajah

[The women cried out:] Alas, O master, O dear one, O knower of religious principles! O kind and compassionate protector of the shelterless! By your being slain we have also been slain, together with your household and offspring.

SB 10.44.46
tvaya virahita patya
 puriyam purusarsabha
na sobhate vayam iva

O great hero among men, bereft of you, its master, this city has lost its beauty, just as we have, and all festivity and good fortune within it have come to an end.

SB 10.44.47
anagasam tvam bhutanam
 krtavan droham ulbanam
tenemam bho dasam nito
 bhuta-dhruk ko labheta sam

SB 10.44.48
sarvesam iha bhutanam
 esa hi prabhavapyayah
gopta ca tad-avadhyayi
 na kvacit sukham edhate

Lord Krsna causes the appearance and disappearance of all beings in this world, and He is their maintainer as well. One who disrespects Him can never prosper happily.

SB 10.44.49
sri-suka uvaca
raja-yosita asvasya
 bhagavaḻ loka-bhavanah
yam ahur laukikim samstham
 hatanam samakarayat

Sukadeva Gosvami said: After consoling the royal ladies, Lord Krsna, sustainer of all the worlds, arranged for the prescribed funeral rites to be performed.

SB 10.44.50
mataram pitaram caiva
 mocayitvatha bandhanat
krsna-ramau vavandate
 sirasa sprsya padayoh

Then Krsna and Balarama released Their mother and father from bondage and offered obeisances to them, touching their feet with Their heads.

SB 10.44.51
devaki vasudevas ca
 vijñaya jagad-isvarau
krta-samvandanau putrau
 sasvajate na sankitau

Devaki and Vasudeva, now knowing Krsna and Balarama to be the Lords of the universe, simply stood with joined palms. Being apprehensive, they did not embrace their sons.

Thus end the purports of the humble servants of His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada to the Tenth Canto, Forty-fourth Chapter, of the Srimad-Bhagavatam, entitled “The Killing of Kamsa.”


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Bone & Joint Health

Joint pain treatment depends entirely on the cause of the joint pain. Arthritis can be a cause of joint pain, as can bursitis, tendinitis, muscle injuries, cartilage injuries, and simple overuse. The process of joint pain treatment often begins with a trip to the doctor who will determine what the cause of the pain is and discuss potential options for treatment to alleviate the pain and correct the underlying cause of the pain. Joint pain treatment options run the gamut from simple rest to joint replacement surgery, though most problems can be treated with simple procedures or processes.

Arthritis is a common cause of joint pain, and unfortunately has no cure. Arthritis occurs when the cartilage and ligaments in the joint begin to wear out, allowing the joint to move excessively and inflammation to occur. Arthritis sufferers often focus on pain management as part of their joint pain treatment, since no cure is available. Anti-inflammatory medication can be taken, as can painkillers, and ice and heat can be applied to the joint to alleviate pain. Regular stretching and exercise is also recommended for some people, though overdoing exercise can actually exacerbate the condition rather than help it.

Tendinitis and bursitis are other common causes of pain in the joints, and the joint pain treatment for these conditions often includes the RICE treatment: rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Tendinitis occurs when the tendons that connect muscles to bone become inflamed due to overuse or unnatural movement, and bursitis occurs when bursae become inflamed; bursae are sacs that contain synovial fluid, and they are meant to act as a cushion between moving parts in a joint. Anti-inflammatory medications can be used to help treat both conditions, and if the bursitis is particularly bad, a doctor may choose to cut out part of the sac to alleviate pressure.

Muscles that surround the joint can also lead to joint pain, especially when those muscles tighten and affect how the joint moves. Joint pain treatment in this case may involve the RICE treatment, and it will also likely involve conditioning exercises and regular stretching exercises to strengthen the muscles and prevent them from tightening up so easily. Weaker muscles tend to tighten easily, since muscles tighten when they are tired. Tight muscles can pull on tendons, which can in turn stress the bones in the joint, leading to unnatural or excessive movements.


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Как споделяме вашите лични данни с трети страни?

  • Booking.com: Обединихме усилия с Booking.com B.V. с адрес Herengracht 597, 1017 CE Амстердам, Холандия (www.booking.com) (наричана по-долу Booking.com), за да ви предлагаме нашите услуги за онлайн резервации. Въпреки че ние предоставяме съдържанието в този уебсайт и вие правите резервация директно при нас, резервациите се обработват през Booking.com. Следователно информацията, която въвеждате в този уебсайт, също ще бъде споделяна с Booking.com и нейните партньори. Тази информация може да включва лични данни, като например вашето име, данните ви за контакт, данните ви за плащане, имената на гостите, които пътуват с вас, както и всички предпочитания, които сте посочили при резервирането. За да научите повече за корпоративното семейство на Booking.com, посетете За Booking.com.
  • Booking.com ще ви изпрати имейл с потвърждение, имейл преди пристигане и ще ви предостави информация за района и нашето място за настаняване. Освен това Booking.com ще ви предоставя международно обслужване на клиенти денонощно от своите местни офиси на повече от 20 езика. Споделянето на вашите данни със служителите за обслужване на клиенти на Booking.com в целия свят им дава възможност да ви отговарят, когато имате нужда от съдействие. Booking.com може да използва данните ви за технически, аналитични и маркетингови цели, както е описано по-подробно в Декларацията за поверителност на Booking.com. Това означава, че данните ви може да бъдат споделяни и с други членове на групата от компании Booking Holdings Inc. за анализ, за да ви предоставят свързани с пътувания оферти, които може да представляват интерес за вас, и да предоставят персонализирано обслужване. Ако е необходимо съгласно приложимите закони, Booking.com първо ще иска съгласието ви. Ако данните ви бъдат прехвърлени в държава извън Европейската икономическа зона, Booking.com ще сключи договорни споразумения, за да гарантира, че личните ви данни продължават да са защитени съгласно европейските стандарти. Ако имате въпроси относно обработването на личните ви данни от Booking.com, моля, свържете се с dataprotectionoffice@booking.com.
  • BookingSuite: Вашите лични данни може да бъдат споделяни с BookingSuite B.V. със седалище Herengracht 597, 1017 CE Амстердам, Нидерландия – компанията, която управлява този уебсайт и уебсайта suite.booking.com.


Quaker Studies

New Location Notice

This essay examines three themes relating to the beliefs and actions of Mary Morris Knowles (1733-1807) as a devout Quaker woman, incorporates new research and places her in multiple contexts within eighteenth-century Quakerism. Considering Knowles in relation to the themes of self and collective identity, her concepts and practices of womanhood in the private, social and public spheres and her theology and religious practices raises new questions about Quakerliness, or ways of being a Quaker. How wide and diverse was the spectrum of behavior considered appropriate for a Quaker woman and did it change over time? Was it possible for Knowles to be devout as well as worldly and did that make her a 'gay' Quaker? The answers to these questions indicate the need for further research to assess various ways of being a Quaker in eighteenth-century England and the extent and prevalence of Quietism.

you may Download the file to your hard drive.


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SUVs and trucks continue to power profits for Detroit automakers. Image source: General Motors.

This week marked the continuation of a couple of trends within the automotive industry. First, General Motors (NYSE:GM) continued the trend of Detroit automakers' posting of strong profits thanks to high sales of SUVs and full-size trucks during 2015. GM's EBIT-adjusted figure reached $2.8 billion during the fourth quarter, which was a record fourth-quarter performance and helped drive a record full-year EBIT-adjusted number of $10.8 billion.

The other trend that continued today was that Wall Street continues to despise automotive stocks, despite record profits, and General Motors' stock price promptly declined about 4% during the company's conference call. Let's dig into some of the fourth-quarter and full-year highlights.

Starting from the top
General Motors' global deliveries increased 4.4% during the fourth quarter thanks to retail sales that increased 14.2% in China and deliveries that rose 8.6% in North America. That would have equated to a $2.4 billion increase in GM's top-line global revenue during the fourth quarter, except it was offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange -- GM's fourth-quarter revenue was flat year over year at $39.6 billion.

For the full year, the negative net foreign currency exchange impact was a whopping $9.3 billion, bringing GM's full-year revenue to $152.4 billion from 2014's $155.9 billion. However, holding exchange rates constant, GM's net revenue in 2015 would have increased by $5.8 billion over 2014 levels.

As previously mentioned, GM's fourth-quarter EBIT-adjusted number was a record $2.8 billion, driven by an EBIT-adjusted margin of 7%, which was also a fourth-quarter record. Excluding one-time items, GM's diluted earnings per share checked in with a 17% increase to $1.39 during the fourth-quarter, which was far stronger than the average analyst estimates of $1.20 compiled by Bloomberg.

Even better for investors is that GM continues to return value to shareholders. GM handed over roughly $5.7 billion to shareholders in 2015 -- $3.5 billion from its share repurchase program and $2.2 billion in common stock dividends.

GM also remained on track to generate roughly $5.5 billion of efficiencies by 2018, and management noted that it achieved non-raw-material and logistics cost savings in excess of $2 billion last year. It's important for investors to keep an eye on this, as the savings are expected to offset brand and technology investments going forward.

Beyond the numbers
Looking past the quarterly figures, which were certainly strong, GM's four brands performed well globally. Chevrolet grew its retail share faster than any other full-line automotive brand in the U.S. in 2015, with retail sales increasing 9%. General Motors also regained its No. 1 position in China, with retail sales increasing 5% to a record 3.6 million units last year. Cadillac sales managed to post an 8% sales gain globally last year, compared with 2014, driven by strength in its two critical markets: the U.S. and China. Lastly, Buick set its global sales record for the third consecutive year, partly driven by selling a record number of crossovers in the U.S. market.

What's next?
Despite posting a solid fourth-quarter and extremely strong full-year results, the market refuses to give any love to GM, or any automotive stock for that matter. That's primarily because investors are concerned that new vehicle sales in North America are peaking, and since North America drives the profits for automakers, it's a primary concern.

With that said, perhaps the most important takeaway from GM's fourth-quarter presentation was its argument that sales in North America could plateau at strong levels for years, similar to what happened in the early 2000s, rather than peak and decline significantly. GM suggests that a plateau of around 17 million vehicles annually would create a very healthy industry that would continue to drive high profitability in the years ahead.

Only time will tell, but hopefully for automotive investors, GM's plateau argument proves true and automakers begin to trade at more respectable multiples during this era of record-setting profitability.


Being too smart raises depression risk: study

PEOPLE who are too smart for their jobs are putting themselves at risk of depression, according to a new study.

The study looked at information from more than 16,600 employed people aged between 25 and 61 from 21 countries around Europe.

Researchers measured participants' level of depression based on a survey.

They found those who were "over-educated" - had more years of study than their job required - were at increased risk of mental illness.

This could be because they aren't stimulated by their jobs and can't use all their acquired skills, said researcher Prof Piet Bracke, a sociology expert from Ghent University in Belgium.

These employees also have less status and prestige and tend to have unbalanced support networks (rely on others more than other rely on them), which could compound the problem, Prof Brake told the website, LiveScience.

Having a number of highly educated people in the one country can have a negative effect on the mental health of the entire population.

In countries where more education did not provide significantly more job security or salary, even those with degrees who had jobs that matched their skill level saw declines in their mental health on average, Prof Bracke said.

"If the economic returns of education decrease, it affects the mental health of all the well-educated," he explained.

However, Prof Brake made it clear that he was not discouraging higher education.

"At the country level, if the number of people with university education continues to rise, [and] if there isn't an equivalent upgrading of the labor market, it will deteriorate the mental health of the population."

While people may start out with a job that they are overqualified for in the beginning of their career, they need opportunities to move upward in their field within a few years, or they could experience declines in mental health, he said.

The findings were revealed this week at the American Sociological Association meeting.

WATCH: Boy injured after being run over by 4WD

WATCH: Boy injured after being run over by 4WD

The Chronicle understands the boy had upper abdominal injuries

Fire fighters on scene at Brooweena

Fire fighters on scene at Brooweena

This fire broke out about 3pm and crews are working to contain it

WATCH: Cattle escape after truck rollover west of Maryborough

WATCH: Cattle escape after truck rollover west of...

A Maryborough couple has been transported to Hervey Bay Hospital.

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Japan-Myanmar Relations

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe Meets with the President of Myanmar

December 14, 2017

On December 14, commencing at 6:10 p.m. for approximately 40 minutes, Mr. Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan, held a meeting with H.E. Mr. Htin Kyaw, President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, during his visit to Japan. The overview of the meeting is as follows. Additionally, the meeting was attended by Mr. Yasutoshi Nishimura, Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary, Mr. Yohei Sasakawa, Special Envoy of the Government of Japan for National Reconciliation in Myanmar, and others. Following the meeting, Prime Minister Abe and President Htin Kyaw held a joint press statement, and Prime Minister Abe and Mrs. Abe then hosted a dinner. Approximately 60 invitees who have ties with Myanmar attended the dinner, and the conversations covered a broad range of issues related to strengthening the relationship between the two countries, in a very friendly atmosphere.

1. Opening remarks

Prime Minister Abe welcomed President Htin Kyaw, thanked him for attending the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Forum 2017, and explained that he is aware President Htin Kyaw has deep ties to Japan that date from his father’s era, and that together with the President he intends to advance the traditionally friendly relationship with Myanmar. Prime Minister Abe appreciated that Myanmar’s current administration is moving forward with building a democratic nation, explained that Japan will continue to provide its full support by bringing together the public and private sectors, and stated that he will support the peace process with the cooperation of Special Envoy Sasakawa, who also attended the meeting. In response, President Htin Kyaw expressed thanks for Japan’s warm hospitality, and stated that he is grateful for the invitation to visit, including the invitation to this UHC Forum. President Htin Kyaw explained that the support for the peace process being extended by the Government of Japan and Special Envoy Sasakawa is significant and he expressed his appreciation and gratitude, along with requesting continued support.

2. Universal Health Coverage (UHC)

Prime Minister Abe expressed thanks for the address President Htin Kyaw gave at the UHC Forum 2017, explained that Myanmar is a priority country for Japan’s UHC support, and will support the realization of UHC. Additionally, Prime Minister Abe stated that in order to realize UHC, Japan will support the establishment of regional general hospitals in Dawei and elsewhere, and a specialist hospital in Yangon. Furthermore, Prime Minister Abe explained that together with technical support in such areas as regional basic health, infectious diseases and medical engineers, Japan will also implement fine-tuned support, and is scheduled to provide equipment essential to establishing a blood bank in Rakhine State in January next year. In response, President Htin Kyaw stated that the Government of Myanmar is pursuing initiatives with the aim of achieving UHC in 2030, and expressed thanks for Japan’s support in the health field.

3. Bilateral cooperation

Prime Minister Abe stated the following:

(1) Under the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy, Japan intends to contribute to the stability and prosperity of Myanmar and the region as a whole as a result of enhancing regional connectivity and other initiatives.

(2) Concerning contributions totaling JPY800 billion from Japan’s public and private sectors, Japan will pick up the pace of cooperation centering on the development of Yangon City, transportation and electricity.

(3) In order to promote cultural exchanges, Japan is preparing to provisionally establish the Japan Foundation, Yangon this fiscal year. Taking this opportunity, Japan intends to strengthen support for Japanese language learning through initiatives such as cooperating on teacher training.

In response, President Htin Kyaw expressed gratitude for Japan’s support while acknowledging that the various supports from Japan are important to Myanmar’s nation-building. Furthermore, President Htin Kyaw asked that Prime Minister Abe and Mrs. Abe visit Myanmar, and Prime Minister Abe replied that he hopes to visit at an appropriate time.

4. Situation in Rakhine State

(1) Prime Minister Abe explained that he is concerned about the human rights and humanitarian situation in Rakhine State, and stated that he expects the Government of Myanmar continues its own investigation into alleged human rights violations and takes necessary measures. Prime Minister Abe stated that he hopes progress will be made with the Government of Myanmar’s efforts to restore security with full respect for human rights, expand access for humanitarian support and return and resettle displaced persons, and encouraged further efforts by the Government of Myanmar to steadily implement the recommendations in the report from Annan’s Advisory Commission which is also important. In addition, Prime Minister Abe explained that he was encouraged that H.E. Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi, State Counsellor of Myanmar, spoke of “achieving results and showing them to the international community,” and said he hopes the Government of Myanmar will transparently present progress with its initiatives to the international community, and expects that they will be steadily implemented. Furthermore, Prime Minister Abe welcomed the Myanmar-Bangladesh agreement on repatriation.

(2) In response, President Htin Kyaw expressed gratitude for Japan’s understanding of the difficult situation in Rakhine State, explained that he is aware the international community attaches importance to the investigation on alleged human rights violations, and stated that if the investigation finds evidence of human rights violations the Government of Myanmar will respond appropriately and according to the law. President Htin Kyaw also explained that the Government of Myanmar is moving to implement the Annan Advisory Commission’s recommendations and understands the concerns being expressed by the international community including Japan, and stated that Myanmar is responding accordingly.

(3) Following that, Prime Minister Abe stated that Japan will implement immediate support by paving the road between Maungdaw and Rathedaung in Rakhine State, and explained that Japan also intends to establish a power line approximately 35 kilometers north from Maungdaw City in order to broadly supply electricity to people in the border region. With regard to education also, Prime Minister Abe announced that Japan will build around 15 schools. Furthermore, Prime Minister Abe stated that private-sector support is also beginning to increase, and noted that Japanese companies are participating in projects in the telecommunications field. Prime Minister Abe stated that the public and private sectors will together support peace and stability in Rakhine State.

(4) In response, President Htin Kyaw expressed gratitude for Japan’s support.

5. Challenges in the regional and international arenas

With regard to North Korea, the two leaders shared the view that they will maximize pressure on North Korea by all means and together will strengthen efforts to resolve North Korean issues. Prime Minister Abe called for understanding and cooperation on the abductions issue, and obtained President Htin Kyaw’s understanding.


When a marriage is moving towards its unfortunate conclusion, husbands and fathers tend to fall victim to various emotional traps. Frequently, husbands think they can make legal concessions to as a last-ditch effort to save their marriage by making grand gestures. Sometimes these gestures are monetary, meaning husbands will concede financial rights in an effort to win their wife back. Others can be even more costly, taking away precious time with their children. We at Tate Bywater Law want you to be aware of some of the most common emotional pitfalls we’ve seen in our many years of experience in the Vienna and Fairfax County regions.

Read All The Fine Print!

Often we see husbands eager to get the process done with as quickly as possible. This can result in agreeing to terms that sound good in name, such as a “reasonable right of parenting time”, but in reality that can mean any number of things when all the chips have fallen. For example, in Michigan, that typically means the father will alternate weekends and one afternoon during the week, which totals to less than 25% of the year. Does that still sound “reasonable” to you?

Don’t Go On The Offensive Too Quickly

On the other side of the coin, we’ve seen men be cognizant of the mistakes others have made, and have overcorrected by being too aggressive much too quickly. All of the financial facts must be on the table before any negotiations can even begin. Don’t make the mistake of making demands before formulating a strategy with your legal counsel. This can result in bitterness for both parties, which will only prolong the already painful process. Recognize that the process of divorce is more of a marathon than a sprint, and you must treat it as such.

Bite Your Tongue As Much As You Can

In this difficult time, the natural tendency for anyone is to point out the flaws and mistakes of their soon to be ex-spouse. The blame game is an easy trap to fall into, but must be avoided as much as possible. You don’t want to say anything that can come back and nip you in the backside. Slander (characterized by a perceived false allegation) and defamation (even on social media!) can cause someone to lose their job or social standing in a community group. You really don’t need another law suit on your hands, so it’s best to stay away from the temptation as much as possible.

Choosing The Right Divorce Attorney

You are going to want legal counsel that can keep a clear head and provide experienced guidance. Divorce is often a painful experience for everyone, so don’t make the mistake of finding a shark attorney that is too aggressive, who will only end up creating more strife in an already tumultuous environment. Our divorce attorneys at TATE BYWATER Law are committed to advocating for you, and sometimes that means protecting you even from yourself. With our experienced attorneys we will be aggressive when called for, and well measured when we can. You can count on us to provide elite representation at a time when you need it most. If you are looking for a family law attorney in the Fairfax or Prince William Counties, consider TATE BYWATER Law.


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African-Americans Celebrate Kwanzaa - 2003-12-23

The African-American festival of Kwanzaa begins on December 26, and is being celebrated around New York City with a host of feasts, storytelling and traditional African dances.

The seven-day holiday means "first fruits" in the East African language of Swahili, and celebrates African harvest customs.

Maulana Karenga, an educator, founded Kwanzaa in 1966 as a way of teaching people about the cultural heritage of African-Americans.

There are seven principles of Kwanzaa, drawn from ancient African traditions. There is one principle for each day of the festival, unity, self-determination, collective work, responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, and faith.

Tulani Kinard is a vocalist who will be performing this Kwanzaa prayer ritual at New York's Museum of Natural History on the first day of the festival. She says Kwanzaa is a time when families gather together to eat, and share stories and songs about each of the principles.

"There is a gathering of families to light candles on a kinara, and each candle represents each day. There is also a greeting, named Habaragani, which is in Swahili, and the answer is the principle for that day," he said.

Sduduza is a South African Zulu dancer and choreographer who came to the United States several years ago to promote African culture. He says the celebration of Kwanzaa promotes cultural understanding and exchange.

"It's part of people's history for one thing, it keeps the ritual alive. And for me, ritual is everything," he said.

Throughout the week, Sduduza will perform traditional South African songs, such as this one, which is a recital of self-praise of Zakadulu, an ancient king of the Zulu tribe.

During Kwanzaa family get-togethers, a unity cup is passed from person to person with each one saying something positive about the African-American community.


Full Scalers

These thought leaders implemented the Zero Suicide in Healthcare model and took it to scale as pioneers in their respective countries. These earliest adopters changed mainstream practice, and ensured widespread deployment. They were also significant contributors to the global learning community with their own unique customizations.

Many others followed in their respective nations, but they paved the way and proved the concept while providing mentoring and support.

04 full scalers


Art Archive: An Interactive Art Exhibit

Lauren Bessen, MFA ’06

default headshot

Name: Lauren Bessen

Graduation: 2006

Program: MFA

The Art Archive is an interactive exhibit of European modernist painting from 1910 to 1930, specifically tracing the development of expressionism, abstractionism, realism, and fantasy. It offers information about art historical movements as well as broader cultural and historical trends. The interface and information design were conceived to make viewers aware of the geographic and cultural context which framed and grounded each work exhibited. By visually incorporating multiple levels within a single screen, the project employed layering to compact the information.

After an initial introduction or title screen, the first stage of the interface uses dynamic layering to visualize the four possible paths of the selected art movements-realism, expressionism, abstractionism, and fantasy. Four differently colored translucent squares, each with an opaque thumbnail image of work representing each thread are aligned atop a world map. The thumbnail images are positioned so as not to obscure the map. Rolling over an individual thumbnail cues the reshuffi‚ing of the other thumbnails to enable the selected square to double in size which reveals additional text-based information. This action also prompts the dynamic appearance of artwork, in each instance an example of the particular art movement, translucently overlaid on the map. The sum effect of this action is akin to “coloring” the map with a particular art movement and thus highlighting the conceptual path or window of choice. Clicking on a square selects the movement and triggers the map to graphically highlight and zoom on the relevant geographic region, in every case centering on Europe.

Having framed the geographic location and artistic movement, the user is immersed within an interactive, scrolling timeline of work. Atop the focused map, thumbnails of artworks are arrayed across time. Ranging from 1910 to 1930, time is mapped across the x-axis while works of art are arranged on the y-axis. Dragging through time, works of art emerge and grow in size from the map layer and move to align themselves in time. The works organically appear and move out of their specific location of creation. Additionally, the map itself scales up and shifts to reframe itself to accommodate patterns in the growth of work. For instance, as a majority of work originates in particular cities or regions the map shifts and zooms to highlight this growth. In manipulating time, users dynamically and visually experience the growth and decay of art movements. Work accumulates unevenly, creating a staggered, graph-like representation of cultural production. While arranged by year, the thumbnails of works impart a sense of overall color or graphic quality shared across works and time.

Art Archive allows users to view famous works of early 20th century European art in their geographic, temporal and cultural contexts. As an interface, it begins to investigate the use of motion and interactivity to add depth to information visualization. The narrative quality of the animation conveys greater levels of information simultaneously than solely possible with static visual communication.

Keywords: European modernist painting, interaction exhibit


Applying for the program

Program Description

Program Participant Eligibility

The ACEAP Ambassador program is open to any U.S Citizens and U.S. Permanent Residents who is an amateur astronomer, planetarium educator, K-12 or college/university educator teaching astronomy as part of a curriculum or informal astronomy educator. ACEAP is a collaborative project between Gemini, NOAO, and NRAO, and as a result employees at these facilities are not eligible to receive ACEAP funding.

Program Goals

  2. Create a core network of individuals (Ambassadors) who will broadly disseminate knowledge and resources related to NRAO, NOAO and Gemini, and their astronomy-related activities in Chile.

Program Participant Commitment

Ambassadors agree to take part in all essential program-related activities, which include:

  1. Pre-travel phone and video conferences. From the time of selection to departure for Chile, we anticipate a total of six phone/video conferences and training sessions. The phone/video conferences are normally held using a video conference software such as Skype, Google Chat, Zoom Meeting, etc., and can take place after business hours at a pre-agreed time, with a general duration of an hour.
  2. Training sessions. The training sessions topics will include guidance on traveling internationally, getting the most out of your camera, using social media to get the word out, how to tailor presentations to the target audience, developing press releases and articles to the target audience, and guidance on engaging the news media.
  3. Pre- and post-evaluations activities. Engage in pre- and post-program evaluation activities.
  4. Travel to Chile and be able to meet all health criteria for a high-altitude visit. The expedition includes visiting high altitude based facilities, like the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), located at an altitude of 2,200 meters (7,200 feet). The Gemini South telescope, located on Cerro Pachón at an altitude of 2,700 meters (8,900 feet), and ALMA, a new radio telescope array in the Chilean Atacama desert, located at an altitude of 5,000 meters (16,400 feet). For this reason, Ambassadors are asked to visit their primary care physician to discuss the trip and any medical concerns or precations that might be necessary or recommended. Prior to traveling to the high site (16,400 feet) at ALMA, all Ambassadors must sign a waiver and pass an onsite medical assessment. The high-altitude medical assessment normally includes pulse, blood oxygen levels, and blood pressure. For health and safety reasons, you must be medically cleared prior to traveling to the high site.
  5. Complete a minimum of seven outreach events. Outreach events include, but are not limited to, presentations to K through post-secondary students or public, virtual presentations, online blog, article for newsletter, newspaper, or magazine, presentation at professional meetings, etc.

Program Benefits

All Ambassadors will receive significant training in STEM communication, as well as the recognition that comes from being one of the few individuals chosen for ACEAP. Ambassadors will also receive a $500 stipend for completion of the seven-outreach events.

Program Costs and Expenses

While similar programs can cost in excess of $6,000, ACEAP works to keep costs low for program participants. While some participant’s Chile in-country expenses are paid for by the NSF grant, in other cases ACEAP Ambassadors self-fund, or their institutions pay for their expenses. ACEAP is currently exploring sustainable models and as a result, different rules apply depending on selection status. In all cases ACEAP Ambassadors are responsible for their own round trip airline ticket to Santiago, Chile from the U.S., related baggage fees, supplemental health insurance, any related medical expenses while in Chile, lodging upgrades while in Chile, entertainment, and meals and transportation outside of program agenda. Cost for in-country expenses for self-funded or institution-funded participants range from $2,200 – $4,400.

The ACEAP Ambassador’s institution, or a sponsor organization, may be a source of funding to support individual costs and expenses. All Ambassadors will receive significant training in STEM communication, as well as the recognition that comes from being one of the few individuals chosen for ACEAP. The long-term benefits to institutions or sponsors may significantly outweigh the investment of funds on behalf of the ACEAP Ambassador or their institution. Check with your institution to see if professional development funds might be available to cover individual costs.


Lewis Hamilton: Could a vegan diet hamper his ‘racing edge’?

Formula 1

Lewis Hamilton leads the 2017 Formula 1 driver standings by 28 points

Lewis Hamilton is going vegan.

The three-time Formula 1 world champion announced he was taking up the plant-based diet before the Singapore Grand Prix earlier this month.

His reasons behind the change are commendable but could such a significant alteration to his diet at this stage of the season compromise his racing edge?

Is it wise to switch diet during a tense title battle?

With three wins from his last three races, Hamilton has just started to take control of the drivers’ championship as he pursues a fourth world title.

He is 28 points ahead of nearest rival Sebastian Vettel with six races remaining but his decision to make a pretty significant change to his diet could hamper him.

Dr Rob Child is a performance biochemist who has worked with McLaren and Ferrari in Formula 1 as well as Tour de France cyclists and Olympic athletes, advising them on diet and nutrition.

“I think it is a bad idea to switch mid-season,” he told BBC Sport.

“Quite often changing a diet does throw up some issues that take some time to resolve. Ultimately during that period his performance could be compromised.

“It is a close battle in the championship and you are looking to gain every advantage you can wherever possible. Such changes are made during the off season with the athletes I work with rather than during the season.”

What is veganism?
It is a plant-based diet, meaning no animal produce is consumed. That means no meat, fish, eggs or dairy products
More than 500,000 people in the UK are vegan. That’s more than three times as many as 10 years ago
Going vegan is a personal choice. Opinions on ethics and environmentalism often play a major role but there are also health benefits to the diet

So could Hamilton lose his ‘racing edge’?

One of Hamilton’s strongest attributes as a Formula 1 driver is his aggression.

The Briton knows when to push a rival hard but not to the extent that he compromises his own drive. Well, more often than not anyway.

It is his ability to blend caution with aggression that has enabled him to calmly claw back Vettel’s early season advantage and take control of the title battle.

However, in the short term it would seem, that aggressiveness could become compromised by any change of diet.

“An additional issue with a vegan diet is that it reduces free testosterone levels,” added Child.

“This hormone contributes to aggression, which can be beneficial in racing and also helps muscle recovery and strength. A large drop in testosterone could reduce Lewis’ ‘racing edge’ and could slow his recovery after training and races.”

Saturated fat provides you with cholesterol, important in the production of testosterone. Vegan and vegetarian diets tend to be lower in saturated fat than meat-based diets with a small number of non-animal based foods such as coconut and avocado providing saturated fat.

However, Heather Russell, a dietician for the Vegan Society, says: “Studies have shown that that vegan nutrition can support normal testosterone levels.

“The balance of fats in our diets influences the level of cholesterol in our blood. Saturated fat increases cholesterol, whereas unsaturated fat reduces it.

“Research suggests that vegan diets tend to be lower in saturated fat than other dietary patterns, which helps to explain why they have been linked to lower cholesterol, and lower rates of heart disease.”

However, fatigue could also become an issue for Hamilton in the short term as his body adapts to a diet change.

“It is very difficult to maintain body iron stores if you are a vegan athlete,” said Child.

“Iron is important in terms of oxygen transport from the blood into the muscle. If iron levels are compromised again that could result in him feeling more fatigued after or even during races.

“If not in the immediate term – as I assume his iron and testosterone levels are fine at the moment – but over the course of maybe a month then they could certainly drop in response to taking a vegan diet.”

“All of those things are going to potentially compromise his race performance.”

Plenty have made a plant-based diet work

Hamilton is walking down a path a number of high-profile athletes have already taken.

Tennis stars Venus and Serena Williams both went fully vegan in 2012 and a few months later they combined to win the doubles at the London Olympics. Novak Djokovic has adopted a mostly vegan lifestyle and last year opened a vegan restaurant.

Bournemouth and England footballer Jermain Defoe has also transitioned to veganism after reading that the diet could help the 34-year-old extend his playing career.

There are also several snooker players who are vegans. Like F1 drivers, they have to concentrate and be alert for long periods of time.

An F1 driver burns around 1,500kcals on race day, meaning they will need to consume around 4,000kcals to maintain weight

“The amount of fruit I am having now has really given me a big boost, especially with practising,” said former world number one Neil Robertson, who switched to a vegan diet in 2014.

“During long hours of practice I don’t feel tired. I find it much easier to maintain concentration from what I had previously. I don’t feel lethargic or tired anywhere near as much.

“Lewis Hamilton will benefit greatly, especially long term as well. It seems to be that athletes on a plant-based diet are extending their careers a lot longer than people would think. There are people in their 40s, 50s and even 60s doing things that they just shouldn’t be able to do.

“It is really good of him to come out about it as well. When you have arguably the best F1 driver in the world advocating it and giving it a go it is great for everyone. He is inspirational and an idol to a lot of people.”

Any other challenges?

Fortunately for Hamilton, as a driver for one of the best teams in Formula 1 he will be guided by nutritional experts who will no doubt prepare meal plans to minimise any potential side effects of a dietary change.

However, they will still have to overcome some pretty tricky challenges.

One of the most significant of those will be ensuring he takes on enough Omega-3 fatty acids and in particular those that are found almost exclusively in fish.

What are the omega-3 fatty acids?
A-linolenic acid (ALA), which are found in plant oils
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are both commonly found in marine oils
The body can convert ALAs into EPA and DHA but does so in only small amounts (less than 10%)
Nuts and flaxseeds are excellent Omega-3 foods but they only contain ALAs and not EPA and DHAs

“One of the key things is provision of the long chain Omega-3 fatty acids and really they only come from oily fish such as salmon, fresh tuna etc,” added Child.

“These acids have a fundamental role in brain function and information processing, which are skills that he tests to the limit when he is racing a car. The fact it will be very difficult to obtain those from his diet isn’t such a good thing looking at his mental performance side.”

There is, however, an option for Hamilton.

Seaweed contains both EPA and DHA, albeit in lower quantities. While that suggests Hamilton would likely need to eat a significant amount of it to get close to the amount provided by fish, he could also reach the level by using algae supplements.

“Vegans can obtain ALA, the essential omega-3 fat, by including a really rich source in their daily diet, such as walnuts, ground linseeds, chia seeds and hemp seeds, and using vegetable (rapeseed) oil as their main cooking oil,” adds Russell.

“Although it’s not thought to be an essential part of a vegan diet, long-chain omega-3 fats called DHA and EPA can be obtained through microalgae supplementation.”

The right or wrong choice for Hamilton?

The timing of Hamilton’s dietary change may not be ideal but there are plenty of high-profile athletes who have successfully transitioned to a vegan diet, thriving even.

And while several studies suggest testosterone levels are lower in those on a plant-based diet than in those on a meat-based one, research by the British Journal of Cancer


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بربط برثن برج

بُرْثُنٌ, of the lion, (AZ, T,) and of any animal of prey, (AZ, Aṣ, T, Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) and of birds, (Aṣ, Ṣ,) [The toe; i. e.] what corresponds to the إِصْبَع of a man; (AZ, Aṣ, T, Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) [in the Lex. of Golius, as on the authority of the Ṣ, and in that of Freytag, idem quod انملة in homine; but this is a mistake, app. occasioned by a mistranscription in a copy of the Ṣ;] and the مِخْلَب is its claw, i. e., nail: (AZ, Aṣ, T, Ṣ:) or the paw (كَفّ), (M, Ḳ,) altogether, (M,) with the أَصَابِع [or toes]: (M, Ḳ:) or the claw, i. e. nail, of the lion, (Lth, T, M, Ḳ,) likened to the instrument for perforating leather; (Lth, T;) and of [all] animals of prey, and of birds that do not prey, corresponding to the ظُفْر of man: Th says, of man, it is [termed] the ظُفْر; of animals having the kind of foot called خُفّ, the مَنْسِمْ; of solidhoofed animals, the حَافِر; of cloven-hoofed animals, the ظِلْف; of beasts and birds of prey, the مِخْلَب; and of birds that do not prey, and of dogs and the like, the بُرْثُن; though it may be also used [in like manner] of all animals of prey: (Mṣb:) [but properly] it is of birds that do not prey, as the crow-kind, and the pigeon; (M;) and sometimes, of the [lizard called] ضَبّ, (Ṣ, M,) and of the rat, or mouse, and of the jerboa: (M:) and is, in the pl. form, (M, TA,) which is بَرَاثِنُ, (T, Ṣ, M, TA,) metaphorically applied, by Sá'ideh Ibn-Jueiyeh, to the fingers of a man gathering honey [deposited by wild bees in a hollow of a rock]. (M,* TA.)

word: بُرْثُنٌ(signification - A2)

بُرْثُنُ الأَسَدِ also signifies † A certain brand, or mark made with a hot iron, upon camels, (Ḳ, TA,) in the form of the claw of the lion. (TA.)

word: بُرْثُنٌ(signification - A3)

This, also, is the name of a sword of Marthad Ibn-'Alas. (Ḳ.)

word: بُرْثُنٌ(signification - A4)

[بُرْثُنَةٌ seems to signify the same as بُرْثُنٌ or بَرَاثِنُ: for] Temeem are termed in a trad. the بُرْثُمَة and بُرْجُمَة of the tribes of Mudar; and El-Khaṭṭábee says that it should be the بُرْثُنَة, i. e. † [The claw, or] the claws; meaning thereby their impetuous valour, and strength: but برثمة may be a dial. var. of برثنة, or the م may be substituted for the ن for the purpose of assimilation [to برجمة]. (TA.)


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classification –

  • Leukemia: The Different Types

    Leukemia occurs due to development of mutations of DNA in the white blood cells. It’s not yet still clear what causes the mutations to grow. These mutations causes the cells to develop and divide too fast than normal to maintain their life. The most common change in DNA in...


How to avoid plagiarism: advice for students

Today the search for information is much less labor-intensive than its processing and analysis. Therefore, in the preparation of work, it is often quite possible to limit the use of the Internet, which does not develop the analytical skills of students. As a result, the performance of the work is meaningless, since its main task is not being carried out. Students can motivate their unwillingness to analyze the questions of the given topic by the fact that they will still not be able to achieve the quality of work that more experienced people achieve.

New religious movements: concept and specificity

The concept of new religious movements (NRMs) today for religious studies is quite common. But at the same time, different authors put into this concept a somewhat different meaning. The term of the NRM, for all its correctness, is rather vague and does not reflect in itself the totality of features inherent in a whole class of phenomena united under the NRM: the very name carries in itself just one sign - its novelty. However, using the term automatically raises the question of drawing a line between "old" religions and "new" ones.

Bindi What Means the Dot on the Forehead of Indian Women

The mysterious East beckons the Western man with its traditions, cultural features, magnificence of dresses and ornaments, and the beauty of women. Here, for example, the point on the forehead of Indian women, called bindi, is one of the secrets that attracts us, and sometimes just does not give us rest: why do Oriental women apply this mark? What is this: an unusual decoration or a way to convey some important information to others? Today, bindi is a popular ornament not only among Indians, but also women from other countries, and a traditional spot bearing a certain meaning.

Religion and theories of its origin

The problem of religion is very important for a complete understanding of its essence and meaning. If we want to know a certain phenomenon or thing thoroughly, we will definitely ask the question: where, why, how and when they arose, and only after receiving the answer to the question, we will gain knowledge of this phenomenon. This also applies to religion.

What is Karma?

The followers of this Mahayana believe their sacred publication Sutra (that the teachings of flawless intellect). She's regarded as a sin of this Buddha himself. On account of the excessive issues of comprehending, the Buddha's contemporaries set it into storage at the Snake Palace from the midst planet, and as soon as the ideal time arrived into receptive those directions into humans, the wonderful Buddhist thinker attracted back them into the entire world of individuals.

Apocalyptic and millenarian movements

Planet and domestic religions possess a loaded ago that they will have an incredible number of followers. These religions are closely correlated with culture, history, religious daily life, habits and customs of all general individuals for many centuries and possibly even millennia. Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam have come to be a benchmark point while in the extraordinary accomplishments and regular life span.

Beliefs and practices

Nontraditional religions are commonly dispersed inside the terms of the social and spiritual catastrophe, whenever the older significance process continues to be wrecked, and also the newest platform have perhaps not yet established. From the countries written about the website of the previous Soviet Union, the game of missionaries of overseas unconventional religions using large financial funds is stepped down.

The totality of Islam

Even the Quran would be the major holy book of Muslims. As stated by the Muslim heritage, the Koran can be really a duplicate of the retained in paradise. Throughout the life span of Muhammad, just real individual documents of sermons had been all made. Subsequent to the passing of this Holocaust and all those of the followers that recalled by hub his sermons, the duty was supposed to produce distinct texts in one publication.


Patent Number: 6,253,305

Title: Microprocessor for supporting reduction of program codes in size

Abstract: A microprocessor is provided for supporting reduction of codes in size, wherein instructions are extended in units of 0.5 word from a basic one word code. A word of instruction, fetched from an external memory, is transferred to a decoding register via instruction buffers and a selector both operate in units of half words, then is decoded by a decoder. A storage unit stores a state of an instruction stored in an instruction buffer. A controlling unit controls the selector so that the instructions are transferred from instruction buffers to the decoding register in units of half words based on a direction from the decoder and the states stored in the storage unit.

Inventors: Matsuzaki; Toshimichi (Minoh, JP), Deguchi; Masashi (Nara, JP), Hamaguchi; Toshifumi (Takatsuki, JP), Tanase; Yutaka (Kyoto, JP), Matsumoto; Masahiko (Nagaokakyo, JP)

Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

International Classification: G06F 9/30 (20060101); G06F 9/38 (20060101); G06F 9/318 (20060101); G06F 009/22 ()

Expiration Date: 06/26/2018


Throwback Thursday: Adding volume to a pattern

Over the past weeks I have been showing you how to draft a skirt block, as part of The Skirt Series.

Now that it is complete, it is time to start making the pattern your own.

Last week I showed you how to draft an A-line skirt, by relocating the fullness of the dart to the hemline, using the cut and spread technique.

Today I will show you how to add more volume to the skirt block, using this same technique. You can use this same method to add fullness to just about any pattern piece: sleeves, trousers, blouses and jackets, and many more.

Mark the cut and spread lines

1. I am using my skirt block to demonstrate this tutorial. The darts have already been moved, as shown in this tutorial. As always, it is best to have a copy of your pattern, without seam allowance. It is much easier to make adjustments with seam allowance removed.

2. Draw three lines (this is only a suggestion, you could use more or less) down the length of your pattern, roughly parallel to the centre front. Space them out, with roughly even gaps between them.

3. You will be cutting these lines, to add volume to the pattern. Wherever there is a line, this is where more fabric will be added - that's why it is best that they are evenly spaced.

4. Take your scissors and cut along the first guideline, from the hemline up towards the waistline.

5. Do not cut all the way through the pattern. Stop a few millimeters (1/16 in) from the waistline, leaving a 1-2mm "hinge" to keep the two pieces together.

How much volume to add?

Think about how much volume you are wanting to add to the pattern overall. You may want to do this by eye (just cut along the line and then spread until it looks as though enough volume has been added), or by an exact amount. If you are just opening up a hemline, I would say that doing it by eye is fine. But if, for example, the hip-line of a pattern is too tight and you are spreading the pattern to accommodate this, then I would suggest finding an exact amount so that you don't get any surprises.

If you have found an exact amount, you will need to divide this figure by four, as the volume will need to be distributed between the four pieces that make up the skirt pattern (front right, front left, back left and back right). Then divide the number again, by the number of guidelines you have on your pattern piece.

For example, if you would like to add an overall 30cm to the hemline, you will be adding 7.5cm to each pattern piece. If I was to add this to my pattern used as an example, I would divide this 7.5cm by my three guidelines, meaning I would open up each guideline by 2.5cm.

Cut and spread

6. Slide a separate piece of pattern paper under your pattern, so that you will have something to stick the pattern to once you make the adjustments. Spread the hemline by the amount worked out in the previous step. Use tape or glue to secure in place.

7. Repeat process for the other lines, spreading each opening by the same amount as the first.

Check pattern

8. Redraw the waistline with a smooth curve.

9. Redraw the hemline with a smooth curve.

10. Check the the hemline meets the side seam and the centre front with a right angle. This will help you get a nice smooth hemline between front and back pattern pieces.

Complete the pattern

The pattern is done and you can now add seam allowance. If the pattern is a bit of a mess, with all that tape and extra paper, then simply trace a copy onto a seperate piece of paper.

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Turtle Bridge

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Sea Lab 2021

Sea Lab 2021 Help Dr. Quinn swim through the dangerous sea bed and stop Stormy from fixing a cable.

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CyberSWAT Save the hostages before its too late by crushing all the terrorists with your mech.

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Castle Of Cards

Castle Of Cards Make castles using playing cards - Try to make pyramids, The Eiffel Tower, etc.

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Pingo Help Pingo arrange the stars horizontally or vertically avoiding the dangers and proceed further.

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Family Screening Room

Length: 162 minutes

Synopsis: The newest film from James Cameron (“Titanic”) is set in the future on another planet. Jake, a paraplegic war veteran is brought to another planet, Pandora, which is inhabited by the Na'vi, a humanoid race with their own language and culture. Those from Earth find themselves at odds with each other and the local culture.

Violence/scary rating: 4

Sexual-content rating: 2

Profanity rating: 2.5

Drugs/alcohol rating: 3

Family Time rating: 3. As long as your kids can handle violence and tense moments (think “Star Wars”), they should be OK seeing this. It’s quite long, though, so keep that in mind.

Tip of the Week

FishfulThinking.com offers parents these tips to help strengthen these important life skills in children:

- Optimism: Host a "savoring party." Invite some kids and their parents to your house and ask each to bring something for the group to savor. It could be food, a piece of music, art, clay, a kaleidoscope - almost anything that brings satisfaction and enjoyment. Place the items to be savored on the floor and provide paper and crayons. Ask each parent/child team to pick an item to savor and write down in five minutes as many words as they can think of to describe what they are savoring. At the end, give each team the opportunity to share their list.

- Emotional awareness: Create a feeling collage. Choose a feeling with your child and then help him or her find pictures from magazines, family photos, drawings or words that illustrate that feeling. Paste them on a piece of paper and post the collage on a wall in your home.

- Goal setting/hope: Create a "My Goal Road Map." Help your child choose a realistic, achievable goal. Print "My Goal Road Map" on a large sheet of paper and have your child write a specific sentence describing the goal beneath the title. Circle the sentence and decorate it so it is clear this is where your child wants to go. Write the word "start" in the bottom right-hand corner and draw a series of footprints between the word "start" and the goal in the upper left-hand corner. In each footprint, help your child write a short description of a step he or she can take toward reaching the goal.

- Resilience: Focus on praising not just your child's successes, but the process he or she followed to achieve success. For example, if they perform well on a test, instead of saying "You're so smart," try "You studied really hard for that test."

- Empowerment: Turn everyday activities into a mastering moment for your child. Choose activities like returning a library book or going to the market and give your child a job to do. For example, at the market have your child count all the yellow items in your basket. When cleaning up the play room, have your child pick up everything that is square or blue.

-- ARA

Book Report

“Never Smile at a Monkey: And 17 Other Important Things to Remember,” by Steve Jenkins

Ages: 4-8

Pages: 32

Synopsis: When it comes to wild animals, everyone knows that there are certain things you just don’t do. It's clearly a bad idea to tease a tiger, pull a python's tail or bother a black widow spider. But do you know how dangerous it can be to pet a platypus, collect a cone shell or touch a tang fish? Some creatures have developed unusual ways of protecting themselves or catching prey, and this can make them unexpectedly hazardous to your health. In this fascinating picture book by Steve Jenkins, you'll find out what you should never do if you encounter one of these surprisingly dangerous animals. This book was Amazon.com’s No. 1 book in the category of 2009 Picture Books.

Did You Know

According to USA.gov, here are the most popular New Year’s resolutions. Did your family make any of these? Let us know what you resolved to do in 2010.

- Lose weight

- Manage debt

- Save money

- Get a better job

- Get fit

- Get a better education

- Drink less alcohol

- Quit smoking now

- Reduce stress overall

- Reduce stress at work

- Take a trip

- Volunteer to help others

GateHouse News Service