Champlain College Online Student Stories: Leslie

Leslie had been out of school for forty years when she enrolled in Champlain College Online. A small business owner for almost two decades, she decided to pursue a new career, but after going on her first interview, she realized despite her years of work experience, she did not have the credentials or skills needed to be truly successful in a corporate atmosphere. However, she was hired nonetheless, and her new employer happened to be a truED Alliance partner. When she learned about the program, which enables employees of Champlain partner organizations to pursue their degrees for significantly reduced tuition rates, she reached out to Champlain College right away to apply and complete her degree online.

While Leslie says she would have made the choice to finish her degree whether or not she had access to the truED benefit, she does acknowledge how easy the truED program made it for her to make the decision, and that it motivated her to get started sooner rather than later. She said it was as simple as saying one day, "I've decided to go back to school," reaching out to one of our admissions reps, and after her application was submitted, within a day or two, being registered to start classes just a few weeks later.

"I can't say enough how fabulous Champlain has been and how the online program has just played so well into my life and can do so much for so many people."

Leslie was able to maximize transfer credits from prior educational experiences, even though they were decades old, and thus was able to complete her Bachelor's in Integrated Studies in just two short years as a part-time student while also working full-time. As a working professional, attending on-campus classes would have been a challenge, so the fact that Champlain offered high-quality online courses was a big factor in her decision to enroll: she loved the fact that she could work all day, then come home and take her classes when it was convenient for her. She liked that she could work at her own pace, and had the option to take one class or multiple per semester depending on her situation.

Going into her degree program, Leslie's biggest fear was that her lack of experience with computers was going to be an obstacle to her success. She wasn't sure if her computer skills were going to be strong enough to allow her to attend classes completely online, but she relied on the support team in place to assist Champlain College Online students, from advisors to technical support, and found that they were always willing to help her out and teach her what she needed to know. She credits her Champlain experience with greatly improving her computer skills, which are a necessity for working in today's technology-driven world.

While she enjoyed her classwork, she also acknowledges that her courses were challenging on many levels. Above all, they require you to be very organized, and to make the time commitment necessary to do well. Leslie found success in setting aside a minimum of a couple of hours every night to attend classes, and spending time on assignments and on preparation for the week ahead during the weekends. She notes that work and life commitments always threaten to get in the way, so it's important to be disciplined and stick to a schedule to make sure everything gets done. It helped that she genuinely enjoyed and looked forward to the discussions that arose on the course message boards, and felt as though she got to know her classmates and became friends with them despite being in a virtual classroom.

Leslie has found that, since completing her degree program, she's gained more confidence in her abilities in using computers and other technology, in presenting herself in interviews, and in communicating with colleagues. She also believes that, because they were so applicable to her day-to-day work, the classes that she took will allow her to move ahead in her new field and achieve professional success. Leslie was so motivated and inspired by her Champlain College experience that, once she completed her undergraduate degree, she applied for and was accepted to the online Master's in Human Relations and Organizational Development degree program, which she will begin this fall.

Coming out of her program, Leslie is truly appreciative of the truED program and Champlain College Online, which are giving so many people the chance to finish their college degrees after long periods away from the classroom, like her, or starting out for the first time.


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Optical properties
D 6000
Syntheses, Band Structures and Optical Properties of Zn3B2O6 and KZn4B3O9.
The title compounds are synthesized by known high temperature solution reactions
22- 009 —
and their structures are determined by single crystal XRD. Zn3B2O6 crystallizes in the
monoclinic space group C2/c with Z = 8 and KZn4B3O9 in the monoclinic space group
P2/c with Z = 2. The UV/VIS diffuse reflection and fluorescence spectra of both compounds are given. DFT calculations show that both compounds are isolators with direct
band gaps. The calculated total and partial density of states indicate that the top valence
bands are contributions from the mixings of O-2p, B-2p and Zn-3d states and low conduction bands mostly originate from Zn-4s states. The B—O bonds are purely covalent
and Zn—O bonds are mostly ionic. The calculated optical response functions indicate
that these two compounds have light transmission widths from the near UV to the IR
region, and the average refractive indices are 1.41 and 1.39 for Zn3B2O6 and KZn4B3O9,
respectively. — (CHEN, D.-G.; CHENG*, W.-D.; WU, D.-S.; ZHANG, H.; ZHANG,
Y.-C.; GONG, Y.-J.; KAN, Z.-G.; Solid State Sci. 7 (2005) 2, 179-188; State Key Lab.
Struct. Chem., Fujian Inst. Res. Struct. Matter, Chin. Acad. Sci., Fujian, Fuzhou
350002, Peop. Rep. China; Eng.) — Schramke
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In the last week of January the Ontario Power Authority (OPA) initiated stakeholder consultation regarding an initiative to explore the sale of Environmental Attributes (EAs) that it holds pursuant to the contracts it has with suppliers of electricity. This rather sudden policy development appears to be the result of direction from the provincial government that will likely be reflected in a formal “Direction” from the Minister of Energy to the OPA in the near future.

The OPA has, through its various agreements with suppliers of renewable and other power, been gathering EAs over the last several years. In fact, until this recent change in direction it has taken the general position that it would not negotiate the terms related to EAs in its contracts nor would it consider divesting itself of the EAs or any rights related to them. While there are a number of reasons for the OPA’s position, principle among them has likely been the inability to determine a reliable value of attribution to EAs.

“Environmental Attribute” is defined in OPA contracts for the purchase of power in Ontario. The definition includes interests or rights related arising out of attributes or characteristics relating to the environmental impacts associated with the generation facility in question. In includes, but is not limited to, carbon offsets, renewable energy certificates and other credits related to emissions from facilities.

In reaching out to stakeholders in January the OPA began a conversation with those with interests and experience with EAs in Ontario in order to more completely understand market dynamics related to the definition and value of EAs as well as to gather feedback on the concept of using, and procurement of, a Program Manager in order to enter the EA market as a vendor.

Numerous issues need to be considered by the OPA in embarking on this initiative. There is little understanding at this point of time what exactly the OPA owns as well as the quantity and quality of those “things”. Additionally, thought will need to be given to what mechanism to use for the sale of the products as well how they are registered, tracked and audited.

One of the most significant limitations described by the OPA is the current position of the Government that EAs sold must be retired within the province of Ontario. Specifically, the OPA has advised stakeholders that EAs shall not be traded into other markets or used to offset emissions. The OPA is seeking information from stakeholders on how it is expected that such a limitation would impact the value of the EAs being sold. Stakeholders have pointed out that value would be negatively effected by such restrictions. It remains to be seen whether such input will result in a change of this position.

It appears that the approach currently favoured by the OPA is to competitively procure a Program Manager to sell EAs on its behalf into the voluntary market over a time limited pilot period (proposed as being 18 months). Under this approach a single entity would procure a certain volume of EAs (a small portion of those held by the OPA) and share revenues for any EAs sold above the original bid/purchase price.

The OPA is seeking comments on this proposal by February 7th, 2011.

What has changed to motivate the development of this program is not entirely clear. The sale of EAs is not required as a result of the FIT or other programs any more than it was before, nor are market conditions so favourable as to make this a commercial imperative (to maximize value for the ratepayers of the province). There are those who are suggesting that the coming provincial fall election and the rising price of power may have had a role in the timing of the initiative.

While it is unclear exactly what all the impacts of the sale of EAs will be for power suppliers with contracts with the OPA, there may be requirements for additional information to support the OPAs quantification and quality management of the EAs it plans to sell. The power sector will need to watch the developments related to this initiative carefully as it proceeds.

The other group stakeholders that will have a keen interest in the outcome of the OPAs deliberations will be the potential purchasers of EAs. Given the absence of a compliance regime in Ontario for most EAs, and the stated mandate of the OPA to sell into the voluntary market, it is anticipated that most interested buyers will be motivated by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) commitments or programs.

One challenge for the OPA will be the fact that CSR motivated purchasers are already buying carbon offsets, renewable energy certificates and similar instruments across North America. The existence of a geographically unconstrained and competitive market (from a price point of view) will have an impact on the OPAs ability to maximize value of the EAs it owns and to generate interest in the products it looks to sell.

It will be important for interested stakeholders to ensure that the OPA is aware of their thoughts and concerns as matters develop and to follow developments in the near future.


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Pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal columella.

Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor) is the most common benign neoplasm of the salivary glands. It is considered to occur primarily in the major salivary glands, such as the parotid and submandibular glands. It is much less common in the minor salivary glands, and rarely occurs at other sites, such as larynx, pharynx, trachea, lacrimal gland, and sinonasal… CONTINUE READING


Joey Pigza Loses Control - May 4, 2010

Tanglewreck - April 22, 2010

I just read a thrilling book Tanglewreck by: Jeanette Winterson.This book made me feel like I was Silver, the main character. I felt like I had traveled into the book. I have a connection from this book to another book. In this book, Silver has to go through many adventures and she always meets difficutlies in each one. In another book I read, the main character also has to go through many adventures and just like Silver, he meets difficulty in each one. This connection has helped me understand how hard it is to go through each and every adventure. This is a just right book because I can understand most of the text without any difficulties.

Silver, one of the main characters changed throughout the story. In the beginning of the book, Silver was a shy girl who would listen to almost anyone. Then, throughout the rest of the book, Silver gradually changes into a bold and brave girl who went on many adventures. I think Silver changed because she gradually realizes that there was a very dangerous but important task right in front of her and that she has to complete it. Another character that changed was Silver's aunt Mrs. Rokabye. In the beginning of the book, Mrs. Rokabye was a character that was as mean and stubborn aas steel. Towards the end of the book, she begins to get softer and nicer but she does change completly. I think what made her change was love. She fell in love with a man and began to show her nice side to Silver.

I think that the problem of the story is that Silver needed to find the Timekeeper before it went into the wrong hands. This problem was resolved by Silver finding the Timekeeper and going back to her beloved house, Tanglewreck. One thing I would change in the book is to let Silver go back to her parents. In the beginnning of the book, everyone thought that Silver's parents were dead, but at the end, they soon realize that Silver's parents were caught in a Timestorm. Right before Silver finds the Timekeeper, she sees her parents but refuses to stay with them for she had to find the Timekeeper. At the end, she did not go back to them because she wanted to go back to where her real home was, Tanglewreck. I think that the author's message is that anything is impossible. Because it seemed impossible for Silver, a girl that isn't even a teenager, to find a clock that can control time.

Corey's Underground Railroad Diary - March 3, 2010

I read a very emotional book called Corey's Underground Railroad Diary by Sharon Dennis Wyeth. I have a connection to another book I read. It's called The Underground Railroad. In this book, it talks about how Corey went through all the procedures in the Underground Railroad. In the other book, it tells all about how the procedures work. This book is an alright book for me. It was between the lines of easy and just right.

Corey is one of the main characters in the book and he is a character that changed a lot. this is because throughout the story, he became braver and braver. At first, he was a little scared of his master and how he would find out that Corey could write. Soon, he plucked the courage to run away with his mother. His mother was pregnant but Corey felt brave enough to help his mother in escaping from slavery. What made Corey change? Corey changed because he felt that he had to be like his father. Brave and Fearless. His mother is also another character that changed. She changed the same way Corey did. This is because in the beginning his mother was also scared of running away. After a while of Corey's encouraging energy, his mother finally agreed to be brave and run away with Corey. So that's what they did. Throughout the journey, Corey's mother hurt her ankle but still continued to run away with Corey. I think Corey was the one that made his mother change. He encouraged his mother to keep on running even if she has to face difficulties.

The problem of the story was resolved by Corey, his mother, his father, and the new baby, going to Canada to spend the rest of their life in freedom. I would change the part of the book were Aunt Queen doesn't run away with Corey. I think that if Aunt Queen ran away with Corey, the story would be more interesting. I think the author's message is that nothing is impossible. This is because even though Corey's mother was pregnant, she still succeeded in running away with Corey.

38 Weeks Till Summer Vacation - March 1, 2010

I just read a fantastic book called "38 Week Till Summer Vacation" by Mona Kerby. This book made me feel really excited as I read it because after every page, I want to read the rest of the book more and more. I have a connection to another book I read. In that book, there was also a bully in the class in the beginning of the book. Then, at the end of the book, the bully turns really nice just like Jimmy Lee had. This connection helped me understand how people can change suddenly. Sometimes, you need to help them, and sometimes they just change themselves. This book was not a just right book for me. It is an easy book since there wasn't any challenging words or anything that I couldn't understand.

Jimmy Lee is a main character that changed. In the beginning of the book, he was all naughty and rude. He even stole Nora Jean's soap dog. Nora Jean had put a lot of effort into the soap dog and she was really mad when she found out that Jimmy Lee stole it. Towards the end of the book, Jimmy Lee became quiet and nice. He actually saved Nora Jean's life. She was eating a piece of pizza so fast that she choked. She could hardly breathe when Jimmy Lee can in and squeezed her really hard. The piece of pizza fell out of her mouth and she was saved. I do not think anything made Jimmy Lee change. Another main character that changed is Nora Jean. This is because in the beginning of the school year, Nora Jean was eager for school to end. As the year passed, Nora Jean realized that school wasn't so bad after all. I think she changed because of the fun things that has happened throughout the school year and how Jimmy Lee's behavior changed.

The problem of the story is that Jimmy Lee was a rude person and disliked Nora Jean a lot. It was resolved by Jimmy Lee changing into a kind person that wasn't so rude. He was honest with Nora Jean and admitted that he was the one that stole her soap dog. I felt relieved when Jimmy Lee started to calm down and not be so rude. I would change the book by putting some reasons why Jimmy Lee started to change. This is because there is not a lot of information about this. I think the author's message for this story is that people that are unfriendly can become friendly if you give them enough time.

The Face On The Milk Carton - December 13, 2009

I really enjoyed the book The Face On The Milk Carton by Caroline B. Cooney. This book made me feel very excited as I read each and every page. This is because there is always something to find out about how Janie(the main character) got kidnapped. I have a connection to this book from an article I heard about. In this article, about 100 kids with rich parents got kidnapped. All from the same few schools. The kidnappers demanded money from the kid's parents and once they got the money, some kids got sent home, and some kids got killed. This helped me understand this book because I know how Janie must have felt when she realized that she had been kidnapped. This book is a Just Right book to me because I can understand most of the text and it is not easy nor hard.

One main character that changed throughout the story is a girl named Janie. In the beginning of this book, when she found out she was kidnapped, she was determined to find her old family. At the end of the book, she really didn't want to know where her old family was because she realized that she was perfectly fine in the family she currently was. Janie changed because she slowly realized that she couldn't bear to part away from the family she was currently living with. Another character that changed was a boy named Reeve. In Janie's mind he turned from a clueless and annoying person to a smart and kind person. Janie was the person who made him change because ever since he started to like Janie and was inspired to study harder and become a nice person.

The problem of the story is that Janie finds out that she had been kidnapped 12 years ago. She longs to find her real parents and see who they really are. This problem was resolved by Janie going to New Jersey(where she was kidnapped). She looked up in the phone book and found that there was only one family that had the last name Spring(before Janie was kidnapped, her name was Jennie Spring). She followed the adress that was listed on the phone book and found that the people walking in and out of that house looked very much like her. At is point, Janie tried to forget that she was kidnapped but it poping up into her mind. I would change the ending of this book. In this book, the ending was that Janie called her old family(the Springs) and said a few words. They were"Hi. It's your daughter. Me. Jennie" I would make the ending longer by showing how the Springs family reacted. This is because after the last paragraph of the book, I still couldn't breath a sign of relief. I wanted to know what happened. I think that the author's message of this book is that sometimes, you may want something very badly, but at the end, you'll never want to think about it.

Sign Of The Beaver Summary/ December 1st, 2009

There was no sound in the forest except for Matt's voice."Bye mom. Bye dad. Bye Sarah." Matt waved at his family as he wiped a tear away from his eye. They were going to leave for 6 months to the hospital were Matt's mom would be having a baby. Taking the last glimpse of his parents, he went into the cabin. After a few days, a Indian called Saknis came into Matt's cabin and offered him some food. Matt was so happy that he wanted to give him a present. The only thing he had was the book "Robinson Crusoe" and quickly presented in to Saknis. Saknis was impressed that Matt could read and made an agreement with Matt. Matt would teach Saknis' grandson and in return, Saknis would give Matt some food to survive. The next day, Saknis' grandson Attean came and sat down at Matt's table... unwillingly.

Throughout the story, Matt and Attean become good friends. They go on many hunting adventures and Matt was even allowed to go into the Indian village. At the end of the book, Attean has to follow the Indian's belief and go deep into the forest to find his manitou and become a man to go on real hunts. After a few days, Attean comes back, truly changed. He looked like a fully grown man and always had his back straight instead of slouching. Matt was amazed when he saw Attean but when Attean announced that the Indians were going to move away, Matt was broken hearted. He had relied on Attean being his friend forever and now Attean had to move. Then, Attean offered Matt to go with them and become his brother. Denying his offer, Matt thought about his family. The next day, Attean came back with his dog, a basket of maple sugar and snowshoes. They were all presents to Matt from Attean's grandmother, grandfather and even Attean himself. Delightfully, Matt took the presents and gave Attean his watch in return. Attean took it and the two boys said goodbye. A few days later, Matt spotted his family in the distance and hurriedly ran to hug them. His mother was thin and pale. Immediately, Matt spotted that there was no baby. Later on, he found out that the baby had died. From that day on, Matt, his dog, and his family lived together in the small cabin in the forest.

Whipping Boy Summary

"Whipping Boy!" The king would thunder right after Prince Horace also known as Prince Brat did a prank. Then, Jemmy would slump out and prepare to get whipped. One day, Jemmy got ready to go to bed when Prince Brat came in and demanded him to run away with him. Jemmy had no choice so agreed. Then together, they left the castle. Through the foggy path, they met Cutwater and Hold - Your - Nose - Billy, 2 cutthroats. They kidnapped them and quickly took them into a hut. Recognizing that Jemmy was the prince and Prince Brat was the whipping boy. Without hesitation, Jemmy made a plan the two boys escaped from the 2 cutthroat's clutches almost immediately.

Through the forest, they meet with Hold - Your - Nose - Billy and Cutwater several times but always find a way to escape them. Jemmy meets quite a lot of old rat catcher friends on the way to different areas. After a few adventures, the two boys become friends and happily go back to the castle. I think Sid Fleischman wrote this book to tell us about friendship and how people can change. Just like Jemmy and Prince Brat became friends and changed.


Sheena easton - my treasure is you

It is saying something when a song sounds great except for the particular singer who is belting it out. The belter here is Sheena Easton and the song in case is "My Cherie," which is like a melodic offspring of "Morning Train": smooth and repetitive so that it clings to the listener willingly or not. Easton 's vocals are so nasally and hyperactive on the song that it is nearly unbearable, yet so hard to shake off. That said, the rest of the album is pleasant and relaxing, sometimes danceable, though not very memorable. The flip side of the song "My Cherie" is that her voice is the best thing on the remaining tracks. The joyful energy is top-notch on "Next to You" and "Too Much in Love," along with slip-and-slide production quality. There is hardly reason to dislike any of the other tracks, they are friendly and not tragically sentimental, though they pass over non-affectingly. Sheena Easton has proved herself time and again with energetic singles, as well as charming, teary ballads. Her talent extends beyond the flakiness of "My Cherie," and with potential to drive to full force like the Scottish diva she is, why she has placed her stakes at a General Hospital soundtrack level is anyone's guess.

Sheena Easton - My Treasure Is YouSheena Easton - My Treasure Is YouSheena Easton - My Treasure Is YouSheena Easton - My Treasure Is You


I work in the area of formal methods based verification. This entails using mathematical logic based techniques to specify and verify designs. I’ve been interested for many years in understanding how methodology can have a positive impact on the performance of formal verification tools so we can continue to verify bigger and more complex designs.

At Imagination and previously at GM and ARM I’ve been pioneering new ideas and methods to increase the penetration and deployment of formal. For more details see my papers and patents. Previously when I worked in Universities my work included research in developing appropriate theoretical frameworks, and then implementing tools based around the theory that can be used in automatic or semi-automatic way.


about us

Welcome to Linkin Science

Linkin Science organizes a wide range of scientific events worldwide and thus evolving to be a hub for scientists, researchers, doctors , students, industries and delegates. We are dedicated to provide high-quality online Journals, Conferences, events and information, through unparalleled speaking sessions, workshops and unique face-to-face networking opportunities. This Scientific Networking creates meaningful relationships with like-minded professionals that elevate the conference experience for the participants. We value the research and other scientific prospects and works done by individuals.

We schedule different Medical, Health Care, clinical and engineering conferences to establish divergent platforms for delegates and other scientific researchers.Each conference, summit or executive briefing is tailored to the sector, topic and audience need. Our event structure varies depending on issue and market requirements. Keynote presentations delivered to all works for some content, whilst other conferences feature multiple breakout sessions, panels, roundtables and variable formats.

A team of highly skilled committee members dwell upon the trending topics of research to create a conference theme which can be used to exhibit ideas and research works among the scientific group laying the path for scientific discoveries .


Phonetics is concerned with how sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived. Phonology is concerned with how sounds
function in relation to each other in a language. In other words, phonetics is about sounds of language, phonology about sound systems of language. Phonetics is a descriptive tool necessary to the study of the phonological aspects of a language.
Phonetics and phonology are worth studying for several reasons. One is that as all study of language, the study of phonology gives us insight into how the human mind works. Two more reasons are that the study of the phonetics of a foreign language gives us a much better ability both to hear and to correct mistakes that we make, and also to teach pronunciation of the foreign language (in this case English) to others.Cornelia Hamann and Carmen Schmitz (2005).

This course thus studies language in terms of the sound and sound  systems therein. We explore the phonetic alphabet as a means to bettering our articulation of sounds and eventually words. The course will also prove to be an eye opener in terms of language learning in children as an L1 and in adults as an L2.


Basic animated gif's.

This pelastration approach is not contradictory to most basics of the Superstring theory and M-Brane theory.
(The essential difference is that the Kaluza-Klein approach contains in essence anti-unification elements.)

When we start from a MAMA-Brane which is unbreakable, and super-elastic (but has it's
limits in stretchability) then the Mama-Brane movements can self-create strings, which are thus parts of the brane.

The basic 'difference' to all previous scientific approaches is that the Brane (and following sub-branes) is unbreakable. That's essential.
Since the integrity of each system follows from the gravity membranea with separates and joins at the same time we come to this presentation:

The creation of a string can start on two levels: (1) starting via an outer bending of the Mama-Brane, or (2) starting via an inner bending of the Mama-Brane. (more).

This has implications on the further layering since the center tube will be different. (see layering paradoxes)

Essential is the possibility to couple parts of the Mama-Brane. This goes by complete penetrations (several types), called pelastrations. (Penetration + ELA + STRATION)

This new type of Branification approach explains the essential boundaries to understand 'gauge' levels of spin. Spin is thus caused by orientation or layer-history.

The essence of string theory: 'The subatomic particles we see in nature are nothing more than different resonances of the vibrating superstrings' is also respected in this approach. Resonances are however mechanical string-contacts, and not 'magic' fiels.

© Dirk Laureyssens, 2002/2003. All rights reserved.


February 27, 2017

Disney's ‘The Jungle Book' won the Oscar today for the best animation and we celebrate the film's Indian origin and more so, it's connect with Bengaluru.

The idea came about creating an adventure film in the jungles of Asia without going there and could the filmmakers make Mowgli and the animal characters believable?

Well, they did, and the way they did it is a story in itself.

Almost everybody around the world has grown up with the story of Mowgli, the little jungle boy in Rudyard Kipling's story ‘The Jungle Book'. Reared by wolves, the man cub's companions in the jungle include unforgettable characters such as Baloo the bear, Bagheera the panther and his sworn enemy Shere Khan the tiger.

The film's only live character was Mowgli, played by 13-year-old actor Neel Sethi. All the rest, including the classic animal characters, were primarily shot in a Los Angeles studio along with the insects buzzing around them, the mist in the jungle and sunlight falling between trees. All this work was created digitally by visual effects houses MPC and WETA DIGITAL.

It was carried forward by Technicolor's Visual Effects (VFX) studio Moving Picture Company (MPC). The MPC branch of Bengaluru was intricately associated with this project from its inception. More than 100 artists and photographers worked together in Los Angeles and Bengaluru to bring about a global integration of this magnum opus.

The team used over 100,000 photographs of the Indian jungles, which were taken during the course of the project. These were primarily used to build the entire sets of the movie, which were so realistic that they almost blurred the lines between fact and fiction for the audience.

According to visual effects supervisor, Robert Legato, each shot was its own science project. “The precision of computer technology brought its own set of problems; how do you achieve something truly life-like and resist the urge to rely on digital perfection predictability?" (LATimes.com)

The crew behind the production wanted to attempt taking audiences to a place they would never encounter in their day-to-day life, and yet try to make it look and feel as believable as possible.

To achieve realistic behaviour and animal anatomy, teams of technicians and artists scrutinised animal movement for reference; the observations were then coupled with a specially designed MPC system that creates fur, skin, music and their relationship to each other.

The Oscar award is an acknowledgement of India's potential in the animation industry.

Text by Aditya Mendonca & Ankita Sarkar
Video courtesy: Technicolor MPC


On behalf of Sedgefield we would like to thank ALL emergency services for working so tirelessly in the background and ensuring Sedgefield and surrounds a relatively safe festive season.

There were moments when things could have gone wrong, with beaches closed several times due to shark sightings or extreme conditions during Spring tide, but for the most part locals and visitors were able to relax, with the general feeling that their backs were covered.

Picture:- Among those ‘Manning’ our beaches this season were Sedgefield lifeguards Annika, Amoré and Angelique Heunis, who made SA history by being the first set of triplets to pass their Life Guard Award Examination at the same time.


Fast Break!

5 quick questions for Romeo Langford

Posted on Feb 21 2018 in General

Romeo Langford is chasing Indiana scoring records as he and the rest of the New Albany High School basketball team pursue another state championship. But what Indiana’s top high school player does after he graduates this spring is garnering even more attention from fans and sports writers. Langford, the number five player in the country, answered five questions for Electric Consumer.

Q: How did you get started playing basketball?

A: I got started playing basketball at Coach [Jim] Shannon’s Kindergarten Basketball Camp at Mt. Tabor Elementary.

Q: How do you cope with the media scrutiny and the pressure of being one of the top high school basketball recruits in the country?

A: I really don’t pay a lot of attention to it. I let the fans and other people worry about the recruiting.

Q: You’ve narrowed your college choices to Indiana, Kansas and Vanderbilt. What factors will impact your decision of which college you will attend?

A: The main factors are the relationship my family and I have with the coach, and to decide which program is going to get the best out of me both on and off the court.

Q: If basketball were out of the picture, what career path would you pursue?

A: I would probably study to be an architect.

Q: What’s one thing most people wouldn’t know about you?

A: I used to play the trumpet in middle school, and I can still play it.


Forest Manor Sulęczyno, Jazz Festival in the Forest

ul. Żeromskiego 15
83-320 Sulęczyno

tel. : +48 58 68 44 060, +48 58 68 42 066, +48 512 709 781
access: paid
parking: paid
motel: on the spot

In the warm evening in July, when the sound of the saxophone is spreading throughout Sulęczyno should sit on the terrace of the restaurant "Lesny Dwor" and enjoy the taste of local dishes. The palace - manor complex of the eighteenth century, formerly the Haindestein residence and Łaszewski, is the oldest and most beautiful monument in Sulęczyno.  Lesny Dwor is truly an ideal place for people who appreciate silence, calm and blissful idleness in the surrounding birds singing, wind noise, the sound of rustling leaves and coastal waves of the lake. The annual outdoor music festival is a veritable paradise for jazz lovers. The initiators of the Jazz Festival in the Forest are two natives from Suleczyno  - Jacek Leszewski and jazz drummer Adam Czerwinski. The first festival took place in 1997 and from so far gained a reputation as one of the most romantic and melancholy jazz festivals in Poland. It hosted the most famous Polish jazz celebrities, among others John Ptaszyn Wroblewski, Zbigniew Namyslowski, Michal Urbaniak, Wojciech Karolak and many others.

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Leighton Buzzard Health Clubs

Health Clubs Leighton Buzzard: Utilize the hassle-free map directly below to locate health clubs named in the Leighton Buzzard town and area.

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Find Local Health Clubs in Leighton Buzzard Bedfordshire

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15 Century market cross, Leighton Buzzard - geograph.org.uk - 956627

Review of Leighton Buzzard:

Leighton Buzzard Facts:

Location: Bedfordshire (Beds), England, UK.

Population: 37,000

Set within the county of Beds in the East of England, the small town of Leighton Buzzard sits near to the county boundary between Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire, on the Grand Union Canal, it has a resident population of around 37,000 and a past going back to the times of the Romans, when the ancient A5 (then known as Watling St) passed by the town. Presently Leighton Buzzard is more or less joined to the adjacent town of Linslade and it is roughly halfway between Milton Keynes (Bucks) and Luton (Bedfordshire), it is found near to the Chiltern Hills (Chilterns) and has a substantial sand quarrying industry.

The History of Leighton Buzzard: It is felt that there existed settlements in or around what is now known as Leighton Buzzard way back in unrecorded times, early artifacts and coinage stumbled upon nearby show proof of this. The ancient Watling Street (fashioned by the Romans), now referred to as the A5, passed through the neighbouring towns of Dunstable and Hockliffe around about two thousand years back, and the Romans would have at least been aware of the Leighton Buzzard settlement as they passed it.

The Romans were followed by the Anglo-Saxons, and it was the Anglo-Saxons who used a market during the tenth century, and artefacts picked up suggest that they were inhabiting the local area almost certainly since the sixth century. The village as it was then was not documented until 906 when the Danes produced a peace treaty at Tiddenfoot, the 1086 Domesday Book documented Leighton Manor.

The parish of Leighton Buzzard, historically, comprised a substantially larger area than just the town itself, and comprised the settlements of Heath & Reach, Stanbridge, Billington and Eggington. The "Leighton" in the name of the town appears to originated from the old English for "a clearing in the woods", the "Buzzard" portion was not appended before the twelfth century after the Dean of Lincoln needed to differentiate it from a different "Leighton" that existed inside his diocese. The Manors of Leighton were tenanted to a variety of tenants over the ages, including the Leighs of Stoneleigh, who followed Charles I during the English Civil War (1642-1645).

Leighton Buzzard trainThe settlement grew even larger during the succeeding generations and the appearance of a canal and a railway in the Nineteenth Century saw it develop and evolve. Contemporary Leighton Buzzard is a successful market town that's witnessed greater development in recent years.

Also: Dropshort Marsh, Ouzel Meadows, Toddington Manor Gardens, Great Adventure Game, Rushmere Park, Leighton Linslade Virtual Museum, Whipsnade Zoo, Dunstable Downs, Ascott House, Tiddenfoot Leisure Centre, Pitstone Windmill, Leighton Lady Cruises, Pitstone Green Museum, Dunstable Leisure Centre, Bluebell Wood, Woburn Heritage Centre.

A selection of Leighton Buzzard streets and roads: Newman Way, Church Square, Brooklands Drive, Regent Street, Cleveland Drive, Carnation Close, Digby Road, Stratton Mews, Grange Close, Bassett Road, Lindler Court, North Street, Vandyke Road, Brookside Walk, Greenhill, Waterloo Road, Nelson Road, Ash Grove, St Leonard's Close, Carron Close, Garden Hedge, Stoke Road, Deverell Way, Aries Court, Shenley Close, Shenley Hill Road, Adaern Close, Greaves Way, Doggett Street, Ashlong Close, Oakley Green, The Gables, Ascot Drive, Southcourt Avenue, Dingle Dell, Dukes Ride, Woburn Place, West Street, Victoria Road, Bramble Close, The Wharf, Saturn Close, Millers Close, Wing Road, Hartwell Crescent, Wyngates, Cygnus Drive, Ash Grange, Ullswater Drive, Mentmore Gardens, Miletree Court.

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This webpage ought to be relevant for nearby towns, hamlets and villages e.g: Linslade, Bragenham, Heath and Reach, Briggington, Hockliffe, Battlesden, Great Brickhill, Clipstone, Slapton, Stanbridge, Stoke Hammond, Billington, Soulbury, Horton, Dunstable, Stewkley, Grove, Burcott, Milton Bryant, Little Brickhill, Little Billington, Toddington, Eaton Bray, Eggington, Mentmore, Wingrave, Wing, Tebworth, Wingfield, Cheddington, Houghton Regis, Luton. Map - Weather


What Makes a Hero?

September 11, 2008
By Evie Clapp Clapp, Westfield, IN

What causes a person to be known as a hero to others? Is it the fact that their strength rivals that of a life-long body builder without any training? Or is it because their courage takes them across the world, straight into the front lines? Both of these examples apply to a hero we have been introduced to lately, Odysseus. However, these feats are accomplished in a world of make believe. Not every person can be as strong as this hero. But, we can all be courageous in our own way. We cannot face physical monsters; such as Scylla or the sirens. Yet, one can face a medical monster. The amount of courage they posses may help differentiate death and life. This very reason is why my hero is Lily Mathews.
Four years ago, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. Her reaction was one that most of us would have in such a case; fear, denial, and sadness. “I could have sworn my heart stopped,” she said when the church heard the news. “What will happen to my kids?” Her thought of how others would deal with this news over her own daily life is a rippled reflection of Odysseus’ worry for his crew. She also refused to give up, taking up her sword for the battle: the prize was her life.
Lily had to undergo surgery to remove the tumor before she was started on chemotherapy. She took the news well; it meant that she still had the chance to live a normal life again. Lily displayed courage on that operating board, rivaling that of Odysseus the brave. After she came out of surgery, the doctors worried that she might not make it past the end of the week. When my parents came to visit, she smiled and told them, “Don’t worry about me. Tell the church that, as well.” In the end, she pulled through. She could even go home sooner, her first chemotherapy session scheduled.
Once she returned home, her life was completely thrown off balance. Lily had to go into the hospital on Mondays for her treatments. She generally slept the rest of the day. Her strict schedule for cleaning, playing with her daughter, helping her son with homework, and even her social time had to be completely changed. “I am just so tired now,” she admitted when I was sent to deliver tomatoes to her house. Her adjustment takes mental and spiritual strengthâ€”as strong, if not stronger, than Odysseus. The cancer went away after a year, and Lily’s life returned to normal.
Life spun out of control once more for Lily this past year. Her cancer was back, and with a vengeance. Instead of reappearing in her breasts, it sprung back to life in her lungs. The doctors discovered it too late for surgery. She now has to receive chemotherapy for the rest of her life. Her body reacted badly to the treatment the first time, and many of her friends among the church worried that the reaction to it would be the same. Yet, she pushed on with faith at her side, much like Odysseus during the battle with the suitors.
Lily’s body reacted well to the therapy, and she continues her life as normal. “The only reason I am different from any other stay-at-home mom is because I wear a wig,” she laughed when I asked her how she was getting along. She plans to live a long life, and Lily swears her cause of death would not be from the cancer. “I will die a happy, little old lady in my 100s.” She plans to take up a sword in one hand and a bible in the otherâ€”fighting against the disease using courage and faith as her weapons. This is what sets her apart from other heroes: she is neither the strongest nor the bravest, but she refuses to give up until the day she dies. That is why she is my hero, and is inspiration to anyone who hears her story.

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Teenage steroid abuse stories

Outpatient treatment is also an option for many alcohol abusers. Outpatient treatment centers are designed to provide abusers with a place to explore their destructive behavior. Many outpatient treatment centers provide anonymous group meetings, as well as other programs to help alcohol abusers overcome their issues. With outpatient treatment, individuals are not placed in a controlled environment and may be vulnerable to outside temptation during treatment. Typically, this type of treatment is ideal for individuals who have successfully completed an inpatient treatment program.

One reason why many individuals abuse substances is that they are attempting to self-medicate an existing mental health condition. Such people can be aware or unaware of their problem. They may just feel that something is not quite right in life. Those who are suffering from conditions such as depression or anxiety may find that they find temporary relief by turning to alcohol or other drugs. This approach may help in the short-term, but ultimately it can lead to a dual diagnosis. Not only do they still have a mental health problem, but also an addiction to deal with as well. Anyone who abuses these substances can also develop a mental health problem as a result. This may encourage them to escalate their usage.

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Interview with Scott Warren (author of Vick's Vultures)

Good morning, all. Please join me in welcoming Scott Warren to the Ruins, here to talk about Vick's Vultures, which releases tomorrow.

Q: Thanks for taking the time to stop by today, Scott. For those who haven't made your literary acquaintance, please tell us a little about yourself and give us an idea of what we can expect of Vick’s Vultures.

A: Well I’m 28, living in Huntsville Alabama and currently daylighting as a UAV or Drone pilot full-time. I come from a fairly technical background and you can expect to see a little bit of that in Vick’s Vultures. The book itself is written in 3rd person limited from several points of view, and at 60,000 words you can probably tackle it in a couple evenings of steady reading.

Q: Now, I know the elevator pitch for Vick’s Vultures mentioned Firefly and Mad Max, and you’ve said you were influenced by John Scalzi and Paul Honsinger, but what other genre influences went into crafting the tone and feel of the story?

A: Terry Pratchett and the Discworld have been the biggest influence to my tone. The idea that a book can be fun and fantastic while still being real and handling realistic issues helps ground the characters so that the reader is never caught off guard and or rudely transitioned when those hard military sci-fi elements brush up against the greater backdrop of space opera melodrama.

Q: You’ve taken an interesting approach with the novel, relegating humanity to the role of symbiotic boogeymen . . . a mouse among lions. I love the idea, and it seems completely plausible to me, but what made you approach the story from that angle?

A: It was always the intent to explore the period directly after humanity encounters aliens and finds them largely indifferent, if not outright hostile. Lots of novels cover first contact (usually followed by a desperate struggle against extinction) or already established, IE the Scalzi novels mentioned earlier.
Q: Without getting into spoilers, what can you tells us about the alien races readers are set to encounter?

A: Of course! To understand the galactic landscape of Vick’s Vultures, the most important races, known as the Big Three, are the Malagath, the Dirregaunt, and the Kossovoldt. All three fight for control of the Orion Spur, the band of stars connecting the Perseus and Sagittarius arms of the galaxy where Earth happens to reside. Of those three, the Malagath and the Dirregaunt feature prominently. The Malagath are an empirical expansionist race, spreading their dominion across the stars. They fight in large formations like ships of the line. The Dirregaunt are an ancient race of ambush predators, they wait patiently and strike with overwhelming force at the opportune moment. Also featured are the Grah’lhin, a hive-mind where instead of existing as a separate entity, the brain of the queen is spread telepathically across the minds of the drones via quantum entanglement. They provide humanity’s biggest local threat, and are in a similar position on the technological power curve. We also have the Jenursa, humanity’s greatest friend in the stars, resembling something between a slug and a jellyfish.

Q: If we can turn the clock back for a moment, what can you tell us about your debut with the Sorcerous Crimes Division series? How did that come about, and did you always intend for it to be a series?

A: The best way to answer this is again to recall back to the Discworld. The City Watch saga was a huge influence, and also serialised police dramas like The Wire and especially Flashpoint. When I was writing my first novel I had no idea if I would even be able to finish it, let alone continue writing a second (The rough draft for Sorcerous Crimes Division Book 2 was finished last month, by the way). So I knew I had to have a story both self-contained enough for the reader to have the full experience, but open enough that there were plenty of threads to follow. Between the base novel Devilbone and the two companion novelettes, Stone Atlas and Hand of Davamosse, there are a lot of places to explore.

Bonus points for the Flashpoint mention - an amazing series that really deserved more respect south of the border.

Q:In the two years since you first published Devilbone, what are some of the strangest or weirdest reactions you’ve had from readers?

A: Lots of messages about typos! Devilbone was self-edited because I wanted to experience every stage of the process, which I think ended up hurting the finished project. Rest assured that Vick’s Vultures has been put through the wringer by the talented and thorough John Adamus. But I was really surprised how overwhelmingly positive the reception was, especially because it was my first serious attempt at really writing anything.

Q: As an aviator and former submariner, clearly you have some unique life experiences to draw upon in your writing. How much of your career comes through in your stories or your characters?

A: Quite a bit actually. I think Paul H. Honsinger is really the master of submarines in space with the Man of War saga, but Vick’s Vultures explores the idea as well. It’s important to remember that the Condor is actually a civilian ship, not a military vessel. The biggest aspects that come through are the technical details associated with identifying, tracking, and engaging other ships.

Q: I know part of your approach to writing is to have the complete story arc laid out before you begin writing a word of narrative, but do you ever find that the story itself pushes you in a direction you hadn’t anticipated? Do the characters ever wrest control of the narrative?

A: Oh absolutely. The outline will only get you so far, and you really don’t know who your characters actually are until you get to the next part of your outline and say “No, she wouldn’t do this.” Or “this arc can’t happen here”. Invariably my outlines at the end of the book are 50%-60% of the original plan and 40%-50% new additions.

Q: Before we let you go, what’s next for you? Do you have a sequel to Vick’s Vultures in the works? A new Sorcerous Crimes Division novel? Something completely different, perhaps?

A: As I mentioned, the rough draft for Sorcerous Crimes Division Book 2 is already complete. Vick’s Vultures book 2 is underway.

Good to hear. Thanks again to Scott for stopping by, and check out my review tomorrow!

About the Author

Scott Warren got his start in writing while living in Washington during the summer of 2014 when he entered the world of speculative fiction by writing Sorcerous Crimes Division, followed shortly by Vick’s Vultures.

Mr. Warren blends aspects of classic military fantasy and science fiction with a modern, streamlined writing style to twist tired tropes into fresh ideas. He believes in injecting a healthy dose of adventure into the true-to-life grit and grime that marks the past decade of science fiction, while still embracing the ideas that made science fiction appeal to so many readers.

As a UAV Pilot, and former submariner, Scott draws on his military and aviation experiences to bring authenticity to his writing while keeping it accessible to all readers. Scott is also an artist, contributing his skills to board games, role playing games, and his own personal aerial photography galleries.

Mr. Warren currently resides in Huntsville, AL.

About the Book

Vick’s Vultures by Scott Warren
Parvus Press
Publication date: 10/4/2016

In the far future, alien technology captured by the Union Earth Privateers has fueled Earth's tenuous expansion from a single planet to a handful of systems across the Orion Spur.

Victoria Marin, captain of the U.E. Condor, and her crew of Vultures have been running dry for months. In danger of losing her command and her credibility if she can't locate fresh salvage, she locks onto the distress signal of an alien ship in hopes of valuable cargo. What she finds instead is First Prince Tavram, the heir apparent to one of the largest empires in known space. Tavram's ship has been crippled after narrowly escaping an ambush and his would-be assasin is coming to finish the job.


23 November 2016 - 20:11

Juliano and Missharvey's Misrepresented Interviews Analyzed: Part 2

In a recent editorial published by BBC News, the issue of sexism in esports was addressed in an exceptionally poor manner.

In a recent editorial published by BBC News, the issue of sexism in esports was addressed in an exceptionally poor manner. Through interviews conducted with Stephanie “missharvey” Harvey and Julia “Juliano” Kiran, the major news outlet intended on pushing an agenda portraying esports as a misogynist industry aimed at degrading the careers and aspirations of female players. Harvey is a player for Counter Logic Gaming Red and Kiran is the in-game leader of Team Secret.

This is Part Two of a two-part feature. The following will address and analyze the misconceptions evident in the video media.

The Video

A minute into the video, the phrase “sexism is a big problem in esports; female gamers feel they are not taken seriously,” is shown while melancholy tune is sung in the background. Following the screen showing these sentences, Kiran can be heard saying “That’s a big problem in general of attitudes towards female gamers, you know? They would say ‘Yeah, she’s really good for being a girl’...It’s always felt like we are not a real scene for females. A lot of the community looks at it like it’s just a side game, and that we don’t really count in the world’s top players,” Meanwhile, a quick clip of cheerleaders dancing at the eSports World Cup is shown.

This segment of the video seems to be trying to place Kiran’s attitude about the Counter-Strike: Global Offensive esports scene towards the grand scheme of the esports community. I agree with juliano about the issue of the prejudice towards female teams in CS:GO, but there’s also the issue of them segregating themselves from the “co-ed” tournaments that anyone is welcome to participate in (as long as they earn a spot by qualifying). Besides that, Kiran’s quote was inserted in that time slot in order to further the narrative of “sexism in esports” that BBC is pushing. This is the first of many times that her quotes were taken out of context. As a side note, I think the clip of the cheerleaders was thrown in to suggest objectification of females at esports events, which is not true.

After Juliano’s initial bit, missharvey mentioned, “because there’s so little female gamers in esports, it’s still a high level boys club. So, you’re automatically judged and analyzed for being different. I really believe we need strong, stubborn women to compete because it’s not easy. And still today, I’m not that respected in my community because I’m a woman.”

Throughout this excerpt, clips of men are shown in the foreground with women off to the side and in the audience. One particular clip that stood out to me involved the camera being pointed up from the ground onto the stage towards a team of guys, signifying dominance and superiority. Why would BBC want a random camera angle like that at the eSports World Cup if they’re one of the largest media brands in the world? Why else would they have small media bits of random spectators in the crowd at an esports event? (Especially since they’re not trying to get crowd reactions, like twitch streams). My assumption is that their malintent is driven by imposing a narrative that suggests that esports is openly sexist.

Later on, attendees, both male and female, of the eSports World Cup were interviewed and their answers were featured. “The majority is 90% men,” and “as you can see, there are men, men, men. If you are looking for a girl, there are not a lot,” are some quotes taken from spectators. The nastiest quote taken displayed a guy saying, “the men are a big responsibility because we were the first visually in gaming,” as FIFA (a soccer game) is being played in the background. Given the (real) context of Kiran and Harvey’s interviews alongside random spectators interviews, there’s no reason for one to follow the other. The players’ interviews were more about the Counter-Strike community, and not the general gaming community.

The next segment of the video has text that states, “female players can get a lot of attention, but also a lot of abuse.” Harvey is then shown saying, “the way I get harassed is often about how they would rape me and about what they would do to my body, and mostly about why I don’t deserve to be there because I use my sexuality. So, it’s all extremely graphic and horrible stuff.” Meanwhile, text graphics pop-up while she’s speaking and they contain obscenities of what people would say with Counter-Strike being played in the background. Yes, I agree that the abuse is a legitimately large problem in gaming, but many of the phrases, such as “you belong in the kitchen,” do not fit what Harvey was actually saying. To add onto that, the viewer can tell Harvey was cut off mid-sentence because her intonation was higher as she said “horrible stuff.”

Kiran is then featured mid-match saying, “it can be all about the looks, the fact that we are really bad at the game…” with Harvey after her stating, “I get in trouble for not having cleavage. It’s extremely toxic...It’s so hard to live through the comments and try not to read any, but it’s impossible to shut off from the attacks.” Again, Kiran and Harvey seem to be referring to the CS:GO scene and how toxic it can be online on platforms such as Twitter and Twitch, not in-person.

“There’s probably a tournament every weekend, and I think it’s going to keep rising because it’s accessible to anyone, and I think it’s going to get closer and closer to what sports are making…what we see right now is that there are millions of dollars at tournaments,” said Harvey. Kiran then said, “I think that a love of companies have realized that making esports bigger relies on getting more females into gaming. Most of the money comes from promotions and prize money, which is not that high. I wish there were no gap between males and females because it’s a game. It will be cool to see something that male and female genders are working together on.”

The leading conclusion by Harvey seems to hint to a topic unrelated to the theme of “sexism.” She’s acknowledging the growth of esports into a mainstream aspect of everyday life. Kiran on the other hand, is implying the presence of a wage gap in the CS:GO esport. To her oversight, this is only apparent because of the existence of female-only tournaments. I touched on this more in Part One of this feature series.

As a message to BBC, if you’re going to attempt to defame gaming and esports because of misconceived ignorance and few bad apples, at least do so in a way that isn’t subliminally obvious. Many of us aren’t unintelligent, blind followers of propagating media.

What are your thoughts on this controversy? Give us your thoughts below or with a tweet @GAMURScom.

Author’s Twitter Page: @junioritis

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Menu INRA Logo institutions

SPS - Saclay Plant Sciences

Etienne Delannoy

INRA research scientist

Etienne Delannoy

Main research interests

My research focuses on the regulation of organelle gene expression during stress responses with a particular emphasis on the role of the members of the pentatricopeptide repeat protein (PPR) family. Through genetics, interactomics and transcriptomics approaches and their integration using bioinformatics and biostatistics, my aim is to infer the plastid and mitochondrial gene networks and to understand how they cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. I’m also interested in how some pathogens can use PPR proteins to manipulate organelle gene expression during infection.

Selection of 3 major recent publications

Zaag R, Tamby JP, Guichard C, Tariq Z, Rigaill G, Delannoy E, Renou JP, Balzergue S, Mary-Huard T, Aubourg S, Martin-Magniette ML, Brunaud V. GEM2Net: from gene expression modeling to -omics networks, a new CATdb module to investigate Arabidopsis thaliana genes involved in stress response. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Jan 28;43 (Database issue):D1010-7.

Delannoy E, Fujii S, Colas des Francs C, Brundrett M, Small ID (2011) Rampant gene loss the in the underground orchid Rhizanthella gardneri highlights evolutionary constraints on plastid genomes. Mol Biol Evol 28(7):2077-2086

Delannoy E, Le Ret M, Faivre-Nitschke SE, Estavillo G, Bergdoll M, Taylor NL, Pogson B, Small ID, Imbault P, Gualberto JM. (2009) Arabidopsis tRNA adenosine deaminase (TADA) is responsible for editing the wobble nucleotide of chloroplast tRNAArg(ACG), a modification essential for efficient chloroplast translation. The Plant Cell 21(7):2058-71

Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2)
Bâtiment 630
Rue de Noetzlin
Plateau du Moulon
91405 Orsay


Nightmare House

Nightmare House - Douglas Clegg I know Doug, and I had already read this book. But re-reading it by listening to the audio version, I spooked myself to the point that I turned on the dome light in my car and checked to make certain no one was hiding in the back seat. :D


Osho Kundalini Meditation Effects

Align your body through

these state Andhra Pradesh. Snuggled at the forces of darkness are your present moment that makes the way for bulimia. The foundation of the Regenetics Method and Reiki. Consider striking up my friend sees the same spiritual contact.

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Existential meditation sit down and in its furnace you have decided on what you need to release as a cocaine addiction. What we set in motion for objects like rivers and mountains but where land

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The object of focus.

I’ll fail”

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Exactly the same in the dream.


Linear History

by Arthur Mampel

Would she bring me a dictionary
and she did;
the word in question

was “linear.” I recall
some professor
saying the Hebrew wrote

a linear history that went
straight to the heart
of the matter, without

the complexity of diversion,
without the cloudy logistics
of true science,

a history of story and metaphor
so much finer than the dull
telling of reality,

filling the mind
with questions

diverting it to less
important views that confuse
and gloss over the mysterious.

A crow on a straight flight over land
is like the soul’s
undaunted quest for place.


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Chinese zodiac

Here's my attempt at using geometrical shapes to form animal figures. I chose the 12 animals of the Chinese Zodiac as a starting point.

For the uninitiated, the Chinese Zodiac (生肖, pronounced Sheng Xiao) is the classification scheme that assigns an animal to each year in a repeating twelve-year cycle.


Hinduism › Rama » Ancient origins

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Hinduism › Antique Origins

Definition and Origins

by Cristian Violatti
published on 11 May 2013
Shiva Nataraja (Lord of the Dance) (Peter F)
Unlike other religious traditions, Hinduism does not originate in a single founder, a single book or a single point in time. It contains many different beliefs, philosophies and viewpoints, not always consistent with each other. These apparent contradictions strike only those who are not familiar with this tradition: the Hindu insight claims that the Oneness expresses itself in many different forms.
Hinduism is often labelled as a religion, but it is actually more than that: it is a vast and complex socio-religious body which, in a way, reflects the complexity of Indian society. A rich geography, many languages and dialects, lots of different creeds, racial diversity, all these elements have shaped Hinduism and made it so heterogenic. The lack of unifying overall religious authority and the total absence of a book claiming supreme truth and dogmas have contributed to the diversity of Hinduism as well. It is fair to mention that even the texts we find in Hinduism that claim some sort of divine inspiration do not declare their view to be better than any other and they all exist together in a tolerant fashion. The many manifestations of Hinduism go from highly intellectual philosophies concerning numerous and puzzling metaphysical concerns, many rituals, mental and physical exercises such as Yoga to simple, almost childlike, tales and legends.

This tradition has come down to us from prehistoric times. The foundations of Hinduism can be found in the teachings of anonymous ancient sages or rishis, which were originally transmitted orally. We know very little about Hinduim beyond what can be learned from the Vedas, a collection of hymns and other ritual texts composed in different periods. These texts contain a lot of material including the teachings of the early sages. The oldest evidence of religious practices in India date back approximately to 5500 BCE. It is a mistake to reduce all early Hinduism to Vedic religion: there were many other non-Vedic religious traditions in early Hinduism which have left no early texts and that can be known to some extent by archaeological evidence.
Just like Zoroastrianism and Judaism (the other two major world religions also coming to us from prehistoric times), Hinduism has received numerous shocks that threatened its foundations and it has resiliently survived all of them. Judaism and Zoroastrianism also survived the many impacts they received, but Judaism failed to absorb Christianity, its all-conquering offspring, which after just a couple of centuries clearly overshadowed it, and there are only around 200,000 Zoroastrian believers left today. The basis of Hinduism has been hit, sometimes even smashed, by many sects, movements and systems of thought: in the worst case scenarios it receded for a while, only to return more powerful than before. Movements challenging the authority of the priestly orthodoxy, irreligious schools such as the Charvaka, atheist traditions like Jainism, the Buddhistagnostic approach, nihilists and skeptics denouncing the cunning behind the sacrificial fees, all of these beliefs weakened Hinduism for some time and were eventually absorbed, recycled and merged into the enormous body of this old Indic faith.

We read in the Brahmanas, a group of sacred priestly texts attached to the Vedas :
The eye is the truth. If two persons come disputing with each other [...] we should believe him who said 'I have seen it', not him who has said 'I have heard it.'
Hinduism attaches a very special value to the the darsán (a sanskrit word meaning sight), of gurus, leaders, saintly persons and even holy places and holy images. According to the Hindus, darsán is a two-way flow of vision. While the devotee sees the god, so too the god sees the devotee, and the two can make contact through their eyes. When the images of the gods are made, its eyes are the last part to be completed. It is not until the image is consecrated that its eyes are finally opened with either the touch of a paintbrush or using a golden needle. Popular gods like Shiva and Ganesha have a third eye located in their forehead. The god Brahma, the Thousand-Eyes, often has four heads and looks in all directions at once. This emphasis on the vision and the image dominates the Hindu's relation to the gods, appearing to be just the opposite of many other religions.

Abrahamanic religions are dominated by the notion that One is better than many: One God, One Book, One Son, One Church, One Nation of God. In Hinduism, the more the better: many gods, many books, many sages, many insights.
In this ever-growing community of endless gods and goddesses, the roles of the gods and even their hierarchy are somehow diffuse. Some gods get more attention than others and different accounts suggest different hierarchies. Olympian gods, who had a clear hierarchy, may look greedy and envious compared with the tolerant gods of Hinduism.
Agni, Indra, Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu and Ganesha are just a few examples of very important Hindu gods that were regarded at different times and by different sects as the most important gods. Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma were part of a holy Hindu trinity (trimurti). Shiva is sometimes associated with the destruction process and Vishnu as the creator who takes the remains destroyed by Shiva in order to regenerate what has been destroyed. For the Ganapatya Hindu sect, Ganesha is the most important deity. Ganesha is highly recognizable with his elephant head and human body, representing the soul ( atman ) and the physical ( maya ) respectively. He is also the patron of writers, travellers, students, commerce, and new projects (for which he removes obstacles from one's path) and is rather fond of sweets, to the slight detriment of his figure.
Krishna manifesting his full glory to Arjuna

Krishna manifesting his full glory to Arjuna

Trying to answer the big questions of life, Hinduism offers several different accounts for the origin of the universe. Here we also see traces of the complexity of Hinduism: the question has been approached in so many different ways.
One account says the universe came into existence as a result of the sacrifice of a primeval being, Purusha, who existed even before time. The gods appear to have been his children. Purusha is dismembered by the gods. Purusha's mind became the Moon, his eyes the Sun, the Sky came from his head, and the Earth came from his feet.
There is a famous creation quote in the Rig- Veda which suggests a certain skepticism on whether the origin of the universe is a knowable topic.
What covered in, and where? and what gave shelter? Was water there, unfathomed depth of water? [...]
(Rig-Veda 10.129.1-7)
It seems quite an extraordinary idea that even the gods, even the Highest Seer in the Highest Sky, could possibly not know it all.
There is another account on how the universe started, which has no equivalent in any other tradition. The universe is actually the dream of a god who after 100 Brahma years, dissolves himself into a dreamless sleep, and the universe dissolves with him. After another 100 Brahma years, he recomposes himself and begins to dream again the great cosmic dream. Meanwhile, there are infinite other universes elsewhere, each of them being dreamt by its own god.
This idea could actually reverse the cause and the effect, since humans may not be the result of the dreams of the gods, but rather the gods may be the result of the dreams of humans.

Rama › Who Was

Definition and Origins

by Mark Cartwright
published on 13 September 2015
Rama & Hanuman (Sowrirajan)
Rama (or Ramacandra) is the seventh avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. His adventures, notably the slaying of the demon king Ravana, are recounted in the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata and in the Ramayana, the oldest Sanskrit epic, written sometime in the 5th century BCE but with some later additions. Lord Rama, considered by many Hindus to be based on an historical figure, is perhaps the most virtuous hero from Hindu mythology and he, along with his wife Sita, are a picture of purity and marital devotion. Further, the adventures of Rama illustrate above all the importance and rewards of fulfilling one's pious duty or dharma.

Rama's father is King Dasaratha, a prince of the solar race, and his mother is Queen Kausalya. Rama was born at the end of the Second Age or Treta-yuga and he came into the world specifically at the bidding of the gods to deal with the fearsome multi-headed demon Ravana, the king of Lanka (modern Sri Lanka). The great god Vishnu answered the gods' call and appeared in a sacrificial fire made by Dasaratha. The pious king was presented with a pot of nectar, and he gave half of it to Kausalya who produced half-divine Rama as a consequence. Rama had three half-brothers – Bharata, Lakshmana, and Shatrughna - all with some, albeit lesser, divine qualities. Rama's favourite brother and great companion was Laksmana, son of Sumitra, while his loyal servant was the monkey warrior Hanuman (or Hanumat).

Rama's first adventure occurred when the sage Visvamitra asked for help in fighting a demon or raksasa. Rama and Laksmana, leaving their childhood home at Ayodhya capital of the northern kingdom of Koshala, followed Visvamitra to his home and there killed Taraka, a terrible female demon. In gratitude Rama was given divine weapons, and he set off for more adventures, ending up in Mithila. There Janaka the king of Videha hosted our hero, and he met the king's beautiful daughter Sita (also called Janaki or Maithili). The king had promised the princess in marriage to anyone who could manage to bend a huge bow which had once been the weapon of the great god Shiva. Rama, with his divine strength, did more than just bend the bow but broke it in half and so won the hand of Sita, his first and most revered wife.

Rama's succession to the throne of Ayodhya was made difficult by his mother's hunchback slave Manthara. Jealous of Rama, she soured the opinion of Kaikeyi, Dasaratha's second wife, and convinced her to persuade her husband to instead make Bharata heir to the throne. On top of this slight Rama was exiled from the kingdom for fourteen years. So, accompanied by Sita and his ever faithful companion Laksmana, Rama went to live in the far south in Citrakuta, deep in the Dandaka forest.Meanwhile, Dasaratha died, but Bharata, seeing the injustice of Rama's treatment, decided not to become king but instead to search for and return Rama to his rightful home and birthright. When the two brothers met once again, Rama obstinately refused to return to Ayodhya until he had fulfilled his father's wishes and served out his fourteen years of exile. After much discussion, Bharata agreed to act as regent until that time, and to prove to his subjects Rama's decision, he took his brother's shoes as a symbol of Rama's royal status.
Rama, Sita, & Laksmana

Rama, Sita, & Laksmana

Rama did not stay still in the remainder of his exile but visited many sages. Eventually, he ended up at Pancavati along the river Godavari, an area plagued by demons. One in particular, Surpanakha, the sister of Ravana, fell in love with Rama, and when her advances were resisted, she attacked Sita in revenge. Laksmana was the first to react and cut off the ears and nose of Surpanakha. Not best pleased with this treatment, the enraged demoness gathered an army of demons to attack the trio. In an epic battle Rama defeated them all; however, Surpanakha was not finished with the matter and she persuaded Ravana that Sita was a girl worth fighting for. Accordingly, the demon king sought out Rama's home, and while Rama was distracted in the hunt for a deer (who was actually Ravana's magician Maricha in disguise), abducted Sita, taking her back to Lanka in his aerial chariot to be kept captive in his beautiful Ashoka garden.
Rama followed in hot pursuit but met several troublesome distractions along the way. The first was the headless monster Kabandha. Killing the creature, its departing soul proved more helpful and advised Rama that before confronting Ravana, our hero should enlist the help of Sugriva, king of the monkeys. Finding on their arrival at Sugriva's capital Kiskindha that the king had lost his throne to his brother Balin, Rama helped restore Sugriva to power. A grateful Sugriva gave Rama use of an army and enlisted the help of Hanuman, who besides being an able general was the son of the wind and able to leap huge distances and take any form he wished. It was he who magically transported Rama and his force to Lanka, crossing the rock bridge built by the skilled general Nala, son of Visvakarma, which became known as Rama's Bridge.
Ravana the Demon King

Ravana the Demon King

A series of titanic battles between Rama's forces and the demons followed, but eventually Ravana was slain, Lanka fell to Rama's army, and our hero was reunited with his wife. Rama was not entirely convinced that his wife had remained loyal to him during her abduction, but Sita determined to prove her honour by a test of fire, indeed the divine fire of Agni, no less.Escaping the flames unscathed, Rama realized he had misjudged Sita, and the couple headed back for Ayodhya where Rama reclaimed his throne and began a golden era of government.
According to the Uttara Kanda the story continues with Rama still harbouring suspicions about his wife's virtue during her captivity with Ravana. Rama thus exiles Sita to live with the sage Valmiki, and it is there that she bears him twin sons, Kusa and Lava. Eventually the sons return to Ayodhya where Rama recognizes his offspring and, in a fit of remorse, recalls the wronged Sita. In the Ramayana everyone lives happily ever after at this point, but in the Uttara Kanda the tale is not quite finished. Still proclaiming her innocence, Sita now swears her virtue on the earth itself which then promptly swallows her by opening beneath her feet. Rama, now even more distraught, vows to follow his wife to heaven, but Time appears to him in the guise of an ascetic and calls for him to remain and fulfil his duty on earth. Nevertheless, Rama wades into the river Sarayu and from there is welcomed into heaven by Brahma.

Rama remains a figure of worship across India and South-east Asia but especially in Oude and Bihar. He has, for example, a magnificent temple at Ramesvaram, notable for its 17th century CE columned corridor. In addition, the Ramanandis are the largest and perhaps strictest Vaishnava monastic order. Rama is also considered by some Buddhists to be an avatar of Buddha, and sculptures of the hero sometimes appears on the exterior of Buddhist temples.
In art Rama is always youthful and typically has green or blue skin, holds a bow and arrows, and wears a yellow robe. He is most often seen with Sita, Laksmana, and Hanuman – collectively known as Rama's family or Rama Parivara. Episodes from the Ramayana are especially popular in Hindu sculpture, wall paintings, and art in general, most of all forest scenes with Rama hunting the deer and the epic battle with Ravana.

Article based on information obtained from these sources:
with permission from the Website Ancient History Encyclopedia

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Arcana Small Cottage In A Clearing

Arcana Small Cottage In A Clearing