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75397
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau worked with the Fox Broadcasting Company.
[ { "id": "Fox_Broadcasting_Company", "score": 0.6964335441589355, "text": "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized as FOX ) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox . The network is headquartered at the 20th Century Fox studio lot on Pico Boulevard in the Century City section of Los Angeles , with additional major offices and production facilities at the Fox Television Center in nearby West Los Angeles and the Fox Broadcasting Center in the Yorkville neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City . It is the third largest major television network in the world based on total revenues , assets , and international coverage . Launched on October 9 , 1986 as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , NBC and CBS ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated broadcast network in the 18 -- 49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007 -- 08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either over-the-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League telecasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for cable and satellite providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . The network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox , and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ." }, { "id": "Nikolaj_Coster-Waldau", "score": 0.7490886449813843, "text": "Nikolaj Coster-Waldau ( -LSB- neɡ̊olaɪ̯ kʰʌsd̥ɐ ˈʋald̥ɑʊ̯ -RSB- ; born 27 July 1970 ) is a Danish actor , producer and screenwriter . He graduated from Danish National School of Theatre in Copenhagen in 1993 . Coster-Waldau 's breakthrough performance in Denmark was his role in the film Nightwatch ( 1994 ) . Since then he has appeared in numerous films in his native Scandinavia and Europe in general , including Headhunters ( 2011 ) and A Thousand Times Good Night ( 2013 ) . In the United States , his debut film role was in the war film Black Hawk Down ( 2001 ) , playing Medal of Honor recipient Gary Gordon . He then played Detective John Amsterdam in the short-lived Fox television series New Amsterdam ( 2008 ) , as well as appearing as Frank Pike in the 2009 Fox television film Virtuality , originally intended as a pilot . He became widely known to a broad audience for his current role as Ser Jaime Lannister , in the HBO series Game of Thrones . In 2017 , he became one of the highest paid actors on television and earned # 2 million per episode of Game of Thrones ." } ]
[ { "id": "New_Amsterdam_(TV_series)", "score": 0.6715633273124695, "text": "New Amsterdam is an American television drama which aired for eight episodes in 2008 on Fox . The series starred Nikolaj Coster-Waldau as `` John Amsterdam '' ( real name Johann van der Zee ) , an immortal Dutch man born in 1607 , who has lived in New York City on and off since he was 14 years old , and who is a homicide detective in the present day . The series was nominated for an Emmy for Main Title Design .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Fox_Channel_(Germany)", "score": 0.666923463344574, "text": "Fox ( also known as Fox Channel or FOX Channel Germany ) is a German pay-tv-channel dedicated to television drama series . The channel heavily features American and British drama series from the major broadcast networks and premium cable networks . They are broadcast without interruptions with both German and English audio .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Fox_(channel)", "score": 0.6550617814064026, "text": "Fox is a brand name used by a number of different television channels throughout the world , all owned or licensed by 21st Century Fox .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Fox_News", "score": 0.6541366577148438, "text": "Fox News ( officially known as the Fox News Channel ) is an American basic cable and satellite news entertainment television channel owned by the Fox Entertainment Group , a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox . The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas , New York City , New York . The channel was created by Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch , who hired former Republican Party media consultant and CNBC executive Roger Ailes as its founding CEO . It launched on October 7 , 1996 , to 17 million cable subscribers . Fox News grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become a dominant cable news network in the United States . Rupert Murdoch is the current chairman and acting CEO of Fox News . Fox News Channel has been accused of biased reporting and promoting the Republican Party . Critics have cited the channel as detrimental to the integrity of news overall . Fox News employees have responded that news reporting operates independently of its opinion and commentary programming , and have denied bias in news reporting . The network has also been accused of permitting sexual harassment and racial discrimination by on-air hosts , executives , and employees , paying out millions of dollars in legal settlements . The company is currently under federal investigation for its harassment settlements and other alleged misconduct . As of February 2015 , approximately 94,700,000 US households ( 81.4 % of cable , satellite & telco customers ) receive the Fox News Channel .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Fox_(Poland)", "score": 0.6514951586723328, "text": "Fox is a Polish TV channel which broadcasts mainly American series produced by 20th Century Fox Television . Fox HD was launched on November 6 , 2010 at 20:00 . Since that day it has been available in two DTH platforms : n and Cyfrowy Polsat . SD version of the channel was launched in January 2011 and is available in cable television companies and since February 2011 also in Cyfrowy Polsat . The channel 's accessibility is being expanded .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Fox_(Spain)", "score": 0.6512428522109985, "text": "Fox is a Spanish television channel owned by Fox International . The channel broadcasts American imports with both Spanish and English audio soundtracks .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "List_of_programs_broadcast_by_Fox", "score": 0.64666348695755, "text": "The Fox Broadcasting Company , commonly referred to as the Fox network or simply Fox , is an American commercial broadcasting television network owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox . Though it was officially launched on October 9 , 1986 , Fox began its official primetime setup on April 5 , 1987 , with the series Married ... with Children and The Tracey Ullman Show airing that night . As of October 2012 , Fox maintains 19.5 hours of programming per week . The animated comedy series The Simpsons is one of Fox 's most popular shows , becoming the network 's first series to rank among the top 30 highest-rated shows of a television season after its original debut , and is the longest running sitcom , as well as animated series , of all time , contributing to the channel 's success . According to Lanford Beard of Entertainment Weekly , `` The Simpsons turned Fox from the little network that could into the little network that could not be ignored . '' The science fiction television series The X-Files also contributed to the network 's success , which led to two spin-offs Millennium and The Lone Gunmen . Fox began airing in high-definition on September 12 , 2004 , with a series of National Football League ( NFL ) American football games . Fox had a programming block for children titled Fox Kids , which ran from September 8 , 1990 to September 7 , 2002 . Unlike the `` three larger networks '' , which aired primetime programming from 8 to 11 p.m. ( EST ) Mondays to Saturdays and 7 to 11 p.m. ( EST ) Sundays , Fox has traditionally avoided programming in the 10 p.m. ( EST ) time interval , leaving that hour to affiliates to program locally . On April 21 , 2012 , Fox celebrated its 25th anniversary , with a two-hour television special featuring people related to Fox and its shows . It presented Fox 's programs 24 , American Idol , Cops , Family Guy , Married ... with Children , The Simpsons , and The X-Files , among other programs . The network 's adult cartoons are listed under the Animation Domination banner , which is a Sunday night programming block . Fox is a full member of the North American Broadcasters Association ( NABA ) and the National Association of Broadcasters ( NAB ) .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Fox_(Finland)", "score": 0.6420058012008667, "text": "Fox ( formerly SuomiTV ) is a Finnish entertainment TV channel owned and produced by Fox Networks Group ( FNG ) Nordic . The channel was acquired by FNG Nordic in January 2012 , and then relaunched as the current incarnation on 16 April that year . Fox is freely available in Finland both over-the-air and through cable , as it bases its funding on television advertisements . It is FIC Nordic 's first channel that does not operate on subscriber fees . The channel provides a free catch up service through its online platform FOXPlay", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_Fox_Feature_Syndicate_publications", "score": 0.6410583853721619, "text": "Fox Feature Syndicate is an American comic book company .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "21st_Century_Fox", "score": 0.6403133869171143, "text": "Twenty-First Century Fox Inc. ( stylized as 21st Century Fox , simply known as Fox , and also called 21CF ) is an American multinational mass media corporation based in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . It was one of two companies formed from the 2013 spin-off of the publishing assets of News Corporation , as founded by Rupert Murdoch in 1979 . 21st Century Fox is the legal successor to News Corporation dealing primarily in the film and television industries and is currently the world 's fourth largest media conglomerate ( after Comcast , The Walt Disney Company and Time Warner ) . The other company , the `` new '' News Corporation , holds Murdoch 's print interests ( both owned by him and his family via a family trust with 39 percent controlling interest in each ) . The company 's assets include the Fox Entertainment Group -- owners of the 20th Century Fox film studio and Fox television network , and among other assets , pan-Asian pay channel operator STAR TV ; and on December 9 , 2016 , 21CF announced a bid for full control of United Kingdom-based Sky Plc , whose independent directors supported the deal .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Fox_(UK_and_Ireland)", "score": 0.6384971141815186, "text": "Fox ( stylised as FOX ) is a television channel in the United Kingdom and Ireland , owned by 21st Century Fox . It launched on 12 January 2004 and was originally known as FX ( in line with the American channel of the same name ) . Featuring a mix of animated comedies and American drama series , the channel 's age demographic is adults aged 18 to 35 years old .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Fox_(Norway)", "score": 0.6368317008018494, "text": "Fox is a Norwegian entertainment television channel owned and produced by Fox Networks Group ( FNG ) Nordic . It was launched on March 21 , 2012 as Fox Crime , and changed to current name on July 1 , 2013 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Fox_(Greece)", "score": 0.6272210478782654, "text": "Fox is Fox Networks Group 's ( formerly Fox International Channels ) general entertainment basic cable channel , and is available in several local languages in over 200 million homes across 125 countries outside the United States . The product has a growing roster of original programming and local productions . Fox Greece launched on 1 October 2012 replacing FX . The channel is available to subscribers of NOVA Greece , Cosmote TV , Vodafone TV and Cyta TV . The channel also broadcasts in Cyprus with the same schedule as Greece and it is available to subscribers of NOVA Cyprus , CytaVision , Cablenet and PrimeTel PLC. . The brand delivers a varied programming schedule that includes comedy , drama , science fiction , action and animation . The program of Fox Greece has included series such as The Simpsons , The Walking Dead , Homeland , Sons of Anarchy , How I Met Your Mother and 24 .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Fox_(Netherlands)", "score": 0.6264967322349548, "text": "Fox is a Dutch general entertainment channel owned by Eredivisie Media & Marketing CV in which Fox Networks Group Benelux has a 51 % share . It launched on 19 August 2013 . The channel has a line-up consisting of television series , sporting events and films .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Fox_Sports_(United_States)", "score": 0.6258188486099243, "text": "Fox Sports is the programming division of the Fox Broadcasting Company , owned by 21st Century Fox , that is responsible for sports broadcasts on the network , and its dedicated regional and national sports cable channels . The flagship entity of 21st Century Fox 's Fox Sports Media Group division , it was formed in 1994 with Fox 's acquisition of broadcast rights to National Football League ( NFL ) games . In subsequent years , it has televised the National Hockey League ( 1994 -- 1999 ) , Major League Baseball ( 1996 -- present ) , NASCAR ( 2001 -- present ) , Bowl Championship Series ( 2007 -- 2010 ) , Major League Soccer ( 2015 -- present ) , the USGA Championships ( 2015 -- present ) , NHRA ( 2016 -- present ) , the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women 's World Cup ( starting in 2015 ) .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Nicolas_Coster", "score": 0.6251633763313293, "text": "Nicolas Dwynn Coster ( born December 3 , 1933 ) is a British-born American actor , most known for his work in daytime drama and as a character actor on nighttime television series , such as Buck Rogers in the 25th Century and Star Trek : The Next Generation .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Fox_(Hungary)", "score": 0.6248834133148193, "text": "Fox is a basic cable television channel broadcasting in Hungary , operated by Fox International Channels and launched on 4 February 2014 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Fox_Channel_Asia", "score": 0.623884916305542, "text": "Fox is an Asian Entertainment TV channel , owned and produced by Fox Networks Group , subsidiaries of 21st Century Fox . In Japan , the channel launched in February 1998 along with other Fox channels such as Fox Crime and Fox Life ( now FOX bs238 ) . In Asia , the channel was in test broadcast on December 2009 , broadcasting US TV series in loop . The first Asian provider who carried Fox was SkyCable in the Philippines which launched the channel on 5 January 2010 , followed by StarHub TV in Singapore on 1 February 2010 . Other TV providers across the region followed thereafter . Around early-to-mid-February 2012 , the Fox wordmark was changed to the Fox HD wordmark ( pictured ) for all Fox commercials on all Fox channels in the Asian and Filipino television provider networks , including channels which are not in HD . This change is similar to the one done to STAR World . The reason for this change is unknown . Started in May 2014 , all FOX commercials are now added the Facebook page near the time and date showing . The reason of this change is unknown . Fox Japan and Fox Korea are considered separated from the main feed as they have different programming . However , they are closely linked as they shared most of their commercials and the programming are nearly the same . Fox Taiwan was officially launched on September 1 , 2012 , as FOX Showbiz replacing Channel V Taiwan . This feed 's broadcast Asian programming and some of American series reruns with Chinese subtitles , and FOX HD Asia feed are available through MOD and some of cable providers . The feed was renamed Fox Taiwan in January 2014 and broadcast both local and foreign programmes .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "List_of_Fox_television_affiliates_(by_U.S._state)", "score": 0.619630753993988, "text": "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( Fox ) is an American broadcast television television network owned by 21st Century Fox which was launched in October 1986 . , the network currently has 17 owned-and-operated stations , and current affiliation agreements with 177 other television stations . This article is a listing of current Fox affiliates in the continental United States and U.S. possessions ( including subchannel affiliates , satellite stations and select low-power translators ) , arranged alphabetically by state , and based on the station 's city of license and followed in parentheses by the Designated Market Area if it differs from the city of license . Also included is a listing of Fox-branded cable channels outside of the United States . There are links to and articles on each of the broadcast stations and international channels , describing their histories , local programming and technical information , such as broadcast frequencies . The station 's advertised channel number follows the call letters . In most cases , this is their virtual channel ( PSIP ) number . Stations listed in boldface are owned and operated by Fox through its subsidiary Fox Television Stations ( excluding owned-and-operated stations of MyNetworkTV , unless the station simulcasts a co-owned Fox O&O station via a digital subchannel ) .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "List_of_former_Fox_television_affiliates", "score": 0.6191971302032471, "text": "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( Fox ) is an American broadcast television network that was launched in October 1986 . Throughout its history , the network has many owned-and-operated and affiliated stations . This article is a table listing of former Fox stations , arranged alphabetically by state , and based on the station 's city of license as well as its Designated Market Area ; it is also accompanied by footnotes regarding the present network affiliation of the former Fox-affiliated station ( if the station remains operational ) and the current Fox affiliates in each of the listed markets , as well as any other notes including the reasons behind each station 's disaffiliation from the network . There are links to and articles on each of the stations , describing their histories , local programming and technical information , such as broadcast frequencies . The station 's advertised channel number follows the call letters . In most cases , this is their virtual channel ( PSIP ) number , which may match the channel allocation that the station originally broadcast on during its prior affiliation with the network .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
150448
Roman Atwood is a content creator.
[ { "id": "Roman_Atwood", "score": 0.8248872756958008, "text": "Roman Bernard Atwood ( born May 28 , 1983 ) is an American YouTube personality , comedian , vlogger and pranker . He is best known for his vlogs , where he posts updates about his life on a daily basis . His vlogging channel , `` RomanAtwoodVlogs '' , has a total of 3.3 billion views and 11.9 million subscribers . He also has another YouTube channel called `` RomanAtwood '' , where he posts pranks . His prank videos have gained over 1.4 billion views and 10.3 million subscribers . Both of these channels are in the top 100 most subscribed on YouTube , and he became the second YouTuber after Germán Garmendia to receive two Diamond Play Buttons for his two channels ." } ]
[ { "id": "Brett_Atwood", "score": 0.6767212748527527, "text": "Brett Atwood is a website editor , content strategist and former print and online journalist whose writings have appeared in Billboard , Rolling Stone , Vibe , The Hollywood Reporter and other publications . Atwood has held managing editor positions at leading Internet sites Amazon.com , Secondlife.com and RealNetworks . In 2001 , Atwood 's career shifted to include academia . He is currently the director of the Integrated Strategic Communication at Everett ( ISC ) program and an associate professor at the Edward R. Murrow College of Communication at Washington State University . He holds an M.A. degree in communication from University of the Pacific in Stockton , California .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Dave_Roman", "score": 0.6570407748222351, "text": "Dave Roman is an American writer and artist of webcomics and comics .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Jeff_Atwood", "score": 0.6559258699417114, "text": "Jeff Atwood is an American software developer , author , blogger , and entrepreneur . He writes the computer programming blog Coding Horror . He co-founded the computer programming question-and-answer website Stack Overflow and co-founded Stack Exchange , which extends Stack Overflow 's question-and-answer model to subjects other than programming . Atwood 's most recent project as of 2012 is the development of Discourse , an open source Internet discussion platform .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Roman_Dent", "score": 0.6546711325645447, "text": "Roman Dent is an American documentary film , and music video director based in Los Angeles , California . He started his film career directing music videos as a teen in his home town of Nashville , Tennessee . He is best known for co-founding Platinum Atlantic , a stable of original content developers and producers in Los Angeles , and for his documentary film Driven .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Nicolas_Atwood", "score": 0.6371228098869324, "text": "Nicolas Atwood is an American animal rights activist based in West Palm Beach , Florida . He maintains the Malaysia-registered Bite Back direct-action website , which is associated with the Animal Liberation Front . __ TOC __", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Roman_Balleza", "score": 0.632656455039978, "text": "Roman Balleza ( born March 18 , 1984 ) , better known as Roman X , is a Los Angeles -- based songwriter , producer , musician , and DJ . He and Dan Vikta make up the record production duo Rockystronic , producing pop , hip hop , rock and electronic music .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Roman_Kemp", "score": 0.6321401000022888, "text": "Roman Kemp ( born 28 January 1993 ) is an American -- born British television and radio presenter . He is best known for working on the Capital FM radio station . He was also the social media correspondent for The X Factor UK 2016 .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Ryan_Atwood", "score": 0.6291036009788513, "text": "Ryan Francis Atwood is a fictional character on the FOX television series The O.C. , portrayed by Benjamin McKenzie . A troubled teenager from Chino , California , he is the main protagonist of the show , an outcast who is given a second chance when the wealthy Cohen family takes him in .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Brian_Atwood", "score": 0.6250841617584229, "text": "Brian Atwood ( August 4 ) is an American shoe designer . He studied at the Fashion Institute of Technology before becoming a model . He gave Versace management a handwritten resume which led to a job offer .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "The_Rebel_Media", "score": 0.6235506534576416, "text": "The Rebel Media ( stylized as TheREBEL.media and shortened to The Rebel ) is a Canadian right-wing online political and social commentary media platform founded in February 2015 by former Sun News Network host Ezra Levant . Former Sun News Network parliamentary correspondent Brian Lilley and former Sun News reporter Faith Goldy later joined the outlet . Gavin McInnes is also a contributor . Levant argued that his online production would be unencumbered by the regulatory and distribution difficulties faced by Sun News Network and that its lower production costs would make it more viable . A crowdfunding campaign raised roughly $ 100,000 for the project . The Rebel Media broadcasts its content on the Rebel Media YouTube channel and website . As of May 14 , 2017 , the YouTube channel of the Rebel Media has more than 720,000 subscribers .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Shari_Roman", "score": 0.622107207775116, "text": "Shari Roman is an American artist , author , screenwriter and director .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Christian_Roman", "score": 0.6202887892723083, "text": "Christian Roman is an American animator , storyboard artist , producer and director . He is known for directing and executive producing the first season of the Disney Channel show American Dragon : Jake Long . He also designed the main characters and directed all 26 episodes of Disney 's Fillmore ! . Before Disney , he was a storyboard artist and storyboard supervisor on The Simpsons , during which time he wrote ` How to Storyboard The Simpsons Way ' . He graduated from Boston University College of Fine Arts in 1991 with a degree in painting . He is currently a story artist at Pixar .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Art_Atwood", "score": 0.61985844373703, "text": "Art Atwood ( December 27 , 1973 -- September 11 , 2011 ) was an American IFBB professional heavyweight bodybuilder .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Film_Roman", "score": 0.6179315447807312, "text": "Film Roman is an American animation studio owned by Waterman Entertainment , the production company of producer Steve Waterman . Founded by veteran animator and director Phil Roman in 1984 , it is best known for producing source animation for series such as The Simpsons ( 1992 -- 2016 ) , King of the Hill and Family Guy for 20th Century Fox Animation , as well as Garfield and Friends and various Garfield animated television specials .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "YouTube", "score": 0.6172515153884888, "text": "YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno , California . The service was created by three former PayPal employees -- Chad Hurley , Steve Chen , and Jawed Karim -- in February 2005 . Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$ 1.65 billion ; YouTube now operates as one of Google 's subsidiaries . The site allows users to upload , view , rate , share , add to favorites , report and comment on videos , subscribe to other users , and it makes use of WebM , H. 264/MPEG -4 AVC , and Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos . Available content includes video clips , TV show clips , music videos , short and documentary films , audio recordings , movie trailers and other content such as video blogging , short original videos , and educational videos . Most of the content on YouTube has been uploaded by individuals , but media corporations including CBS , the BBC , Vevo , and Hulu offer some of their material via YouTube as part of the YouTube partnership program . Unregistered users can only watch videos on the site , while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos and add comments to videos . Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old . YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense , a program which targets ads according to site content and audience . The vast majority of its videos are free to view , but there are exceptions , including subscription-based premium channels , film rentals , as well as YouTube Red , a subscription service offering ad-free access to the website and access to exclusive content made in partnership with existing users . , there are more than 400 hours of content uploaded to YouTube each minute , and one billion hours of content is watched on YouTube every day . , the website is ranked as the second most popular site in the world by Alexa Internet , a web traffic analysis company .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Tom_Atwood", "score": 0.6168927550315857, "text": "Tom Atwood ( born 1971 ) is an American fine art , portrait , and celebrity photographer , best known for his 2005 book Kings in Their Castles . The New Yorker has praised the `` refreshing clarity and modesty '' of his work .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Hugh_Atkin", "score": 0.6166766881942749, "text": "Hugh Atkin is an Australian lawyer and notable producer of Internet viral videos . Atkin began producing videos for YouTube in 2007 , and his videos have appeared on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation 's Unleashed website .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "The_Raven_(Harold_Kionka)", "score": 0.6165474653244019, "text": "The Raven is involved with Web television , Internet radio , and Citizen journalism . The Raven claims to have reported on Daytona Beach events via video broadcasts through a Web TV station as far back as 2000 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Charles_L._Atwood", "score": 0.6153431534767151, "text": "Charles `` Chuck '' L. Atwood is the Vice Chairman of the Board of Harrah 's Entertainment", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "William_Atwood", "score": 0.6130024790763855, "text": "William Atwood ( c. 1650 -- 1712 ) was an English lawyer , known also as a political and historical writer .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
214861
History of art includes architecture, dance, sculpture, music, painting, poetry literature, theatre, narrative, film, photography and graphic arts.
[ { "id": "History_of_art", "score": 0.8190008401870728, "text": "The history of art is the history of any activity or product made by humans in a visual form for aesthetical or communicative purposes , expressing ideas , emotions or , in general , a worldview . Over time visual art has been classified in diverse ways , from the medieval distinction between liberal arts and mechanical arts , to the modern distinction between fine arts and applied arts , or to the many contemporary definitions , which define art as a manifestation of human creativity . The subsequent expansion of the list of principal arts in the 20th century reached to nine : architecture , dance , sculpture , music , painting , poetry ( described broadly as a form of literature with aesthetic purpose or function , which also includes the distinct genres of theatre and narrative ) , film , photography and graphic arts . In addition to the old forms of artistic expression such as fashion and gastronomy , new modes of expression are being considered as arts such as video , computer art , performance , advertising , animation , television and videogames . The history of art is a multidisciplinary branch of the arts and sciences , seeking an objective examination of art throughout time , classifying cultures , establishing periodizations , and observing the distinctive and influential characteristics of art . The study of the history of art was initially developed during the Renaissance , with its limited scope being the artistic production of Western civilization . However , as time has passed , it has imposed a broader view of artistic history , seeking a comprehensive overview of all the civilizations and analysis of their artistic production in terms of their own cultural values ( cultural relativism ) , and not just western art history . Today , art enjoys a wide network of study , dissemination and preservation of all the artistic legacy of mankind throughout history . The 20th century has seen the proliferation of institutions , foundations , art museums and galleries , in both the public and private sectors , dedicated to the analysis and cataloging of works of art as well as exhibitions aimed at a mainstream audience . The rise of media has been crucial in improving the study and dissemination of art . International events and exhibitions like the Whitney Biennial and biennales of Venice and São Paulo or the Documenta of Kassel have helped the development of new styles and trends . Prizes such as the Turner of the Tate Gallery , the Wolf Prize in Arts , the Pritzker Prize of architecture , the Pulitzer of photography and the Oscar of cinema also promote the best creative work on an international level . Institutions like UNESCO , with the establishment of the World Heritage Site lists , also help the conservation of the major monuments of the planet ." } ]
[ { "id": "Timeline_for_invention_in_the_arts", "score": 0.7739838361740112, "text": "Timelines of inventions display the development and progression of art , design , architecture , music and literature .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Art", "score": 0.7660961747169495, "text": "Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual , auditory or performing artifacts ( artworks ) , expressing the author 's imaginative or technical skill , intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power . In their most general form these activities include the production of works of art , the criticism of art , the study of the history of art , and the aesthetic dissemination of art . The oldest documented forms of art are visual arts , which include creation of images or objects in fields including painting , sculpture , printmaking , photography , and other visual media . Architecture is often included as one of the visual arts ; however , like the decorative arts , or advertising , it involves the creation of objects where the practical considerations of use are essential -- in a way that they usually are not in a painting , for example . Music , theatre , film , dance , and other performing arts , as well as literature and other media such as interactive media , are included in a broader definition of art or the arts . Until the 17th century , art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences . In modern usage after the 17th century , where aesthetic considerations are paramount , the fine arts are separated and distinguished from acquired skills in general , such as the decorative or applied arts . Art may be characterized in terms of mimesis ( its representation of reality ) , expression , communication of emotion , or other qualities . During the Romantic period , art came to be seen as `` a special faculty of the human mind to be classified with religion and science '' . Though the definition of what constitutes art is disputed and has changed over time , general descriptions mention an idea of imaginative or technical skill stemming from human agency and creation . The nature of art and related concepts , such as creativity and interpretation , are explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Art_history", "score": 0.7660004496574402, "text": "Art history is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts , i.e. genre , design , format , and style . This includes the `` major '' arts of painting , sculpture , and architecture as well as the `` minor '' arts of ceramics , furniture , and other decorative objects . As a term , art history ( its product being history of art ) encompasses several methods of studying the visual arts ; in common usage referring to works of art and architecture . Aspects of the discipline overlap . As the art historian Ernst Gombrich once observed , `` the field of art history -LSB- is -RSB- much like Caesar 's Gaul , divided in three parts inhabited by three different , though not necessarily hostile tribes : ( i ) the connoisseurs , ( ii ) the critics , and ( iii ) the academic art historians '' . As a discipline , art history is distinguished from art criticism , which is concerned with establishing a relative artistic value upon individual works with respect to others of comparable style , or sanctioning an entire style or movement ; and art theory or `` philosophy of art '' , which is concerned with the fundamental nature of art . One branch of this area of study is aesthetics , which includes investigating the enigma of the sublime and determining the essence of beauty . Technically , art history is not these things , because the art historian uses historical method to answer the questions : How did the artist come to create the work ? , Who were the patrons ? , Who were his or her teachers ? , Who was the audience ? , Who were his or her disciples ? , What historical forces shaped the artist 's oeuvre , and How did he or she and the creation , in turn , affect the course of artistic , political , and social events ? It is , however , questionable whether many questions of this kind can be answered satisfactorily without also considering basic questions about the nature of art . Unfortunately the current disciplinary gap between art history and the philosophy of art ( aesthetics ) often hinders this inquiry . Art history is not only a biographical endeavor . Art historians often root their studies in the scrutiny of individual objects . They thus attempt to answer in historically specific ways , questions such as : What are key features of this style ? , What meaning did this object convey ? , How does it function visually ? , Did the artist meet their goals well ? , What symbols are involved ? , and Does it function discursively ? The historical backbone of the discipline is a celebratory chronology of beautiful creations commissioned by public or religious bodies or wealthy individuals in western Europe . Such a `` canon '' remains prominent , as indicated by the selection of objects present in art history textbooks . Nonetheless , since the 20th century there has been an effort to re-define the discipline to be more inclusive of non-Western art , art made by women , and vernacular creativity .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "The_arts", "score": 0.7646637558937073, "text": "The arts is a general term for the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures . Major constituents of the arts include literature -- including poetry , novels and short stories , and epic poetry ; performing arts -- among them music , dance , and theatre ; culinary arts such as baking , chocolatiering , and winemaking ; media arts like photography and cinematography , and visual arts -- including drawing , painting , ceramics , and sculpting . Some art forms combine a visual element with performance ( e.g. film ) or artwork with the written word ( e.g. comics ) . From prehistoric cave paintings to modern day films , art serves as a vessel for storytelling and conveying humankind 's relationship with its environment .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Art_history_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.7613909840583801, "text": "Art history may refer to : Art history , the academic study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts Art History , an academic journal of the Association of Art Historians History of art , the history of the visual arts of painting , sculpture and architecture", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Art:_A_History_of_Painting,_Sculpture,_and_Architecture", "score": 0.7398322820663452, "text": "Art : A History of Painting , Sculpture , and Architecture is a two volume collection of general art history written by Frederick Hartt . Volume I goes from the paleolithic cave paintings to late medieval art . Volume II starts at the Renaissance and ends with modern art . It was originally published in 1976 by Harry N. Abrams . Incorporated , New York , with 1,271 illustrations , including 157 in full color and 28 with gold , 34 maps created especially for this work . Six timelines , 3 in each volume , relate important historical and cultural events to the arts of their period .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "History_of_architecture", "score": 0.7277030944824219, "text": "The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions , regions , overarching stylistic trends , and dates . The branches of architecture are civil , sacred , naval , military , and landscape architecture .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "History_of_art_criticism", "score": 0.7260037660598755, "text": "The history of art criticism , as part of art history , is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts , i.e. genre , design , format , and style , which include aesthetic considerations . This includes the `` major '' arts of painting , sculpture , and architecture as well as the `` minor '' arts of ceramics , furniture , and other decorative objects . As a term , the history of art history ( also history of art ) encompasses several methods of studying and assessing the visual arts ; in common usage referring to works of art and architecture . Aspects of the discipline overlap . As the art historian Ernst Gombrich once observed , `` the field of art history -LSB- is -RSB- much like Caesar 's Gaul , divided in three parts inhabited by three different , though not necessarily hostile tribes : ( i ) the connoisseurs , ( ii ) the critics , and ( iii ) the academic art historians '' . As a discipline , the history of art criticism is distinguished from art criticism , which is concerned with establishing a relative artistic value upon individual works with respect to others of comparable style , or sanctioning an entire style or movement from the standpoint of its history and of its major scholars . It is also distinguished from art theory or `` philosophy of art '' , which is concerned with the fundamental nature of art . One branch of this area of study is aesthetics , which includes investigating the enigma of the sublime and determining the essence of beauty . Technically , art history is not these things , because the art historian uses historical method to answer the questions : How did the artist come to create the work ? , Who were the patrons ? , Who were his or her teachers ? , Who was the audience ? , Who were his or her disciples ? , What historical forces shaped the artist 's oeuvre , and How did he or she and the creation , in turn , affect the course of artistic , political , and social events ? It is , however , questionable whether many questions of this kind can be answered satisfactorily without also considering basic questions about the nature of art . Unfortunately the current disciplinary gap between art history and the philosophy of art ( aesthetics ) often hinders this . The history of art criticism is not only a biographical endeavor . The history of art criticism often roots its studies in the scrutiny of individual objects . It attempt to answer in historically specific ways , questions such as : What are key features of this style ? , What meaning did this object convey ? , How does it function visually ? , Did the artist meet their goals well ? , What symbols are involved ? , and Does it function discursively ? The historical backbone of the discipline is a celebratory chronology of beautiful creations commissioned by public or religious bodies or wealthy individuals in western Europe . Such a `` canon '' remains prominent , as indicated by the selection of objects present in art history textbooks . Nonetheless , since the 20th century there has been an effort to re-define the discipline to be more inclusive of non-Western art , art made by women , and vernacular creativity .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Art_History_(journal)", "score": 0.7256313562393188, "text": "Art History is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Association of Art Historians . The journal was established in 1978 . Art History provides an international forum for research relating to all aspects of the historical and theological study of painting , sculpture , architecture , design and other areas of visual culture .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "History_of_literature", "score": 0.7217435240745544, "text": "The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment , enlightenment , or instruction to the reader/listener/observer , as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces . Not all writings constitute literature . Some recorded materials , such as compilations of data ( e.g. , a check register ) are not considered literature , and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Arts_of_Iran", "score": 0.7052410244941711, "text": "The arts of Iran are one of the richest art heritages in world history and encompasses many traditional disciplines including architecture , painting , literature , music , weaving , pottery , calligraphy , metalworking and stonemasonry . There is also a very vibrant Iranian modern and contemporary art scene , as well as cinema and photography . For a history of Persian visual art up to the early 20th century , see Persian art , and also Iranian architecture .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Visual_arts", "score": 0.7011139988899231, "text": "The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics , drawing , painting , sculpture , printmaking , design , crafts , photography , video , filmmaking , and architecture . Many artistic disciplines ( performing arts , conceptual art , textile arts ) involve aspects of the visual arts as well as arts of other types . Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design , graphic design , fashion design , interior design and decorative art . Current usage of the term `` visual arts '' includes fine art as well as the applied , decorative arts and crafts , but this was not always the case . Before the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century , the term ` artist ' was often restricted to a person working in the fine arts ( such as painting , sculpture , or printmaking ) and not the handicraft , craft , or applied art media . The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement , who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms . Art schools made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts , maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of the arts . The increasing tendency to privilege painting , and to a lesser degree sculpture , above other arts has been a feature of Western art as well as East Asian art . In both regions painting has been seen as relying to the highest degree on the imagination of the artist , and the furthest removed from manual labour -- in Chinese painting the most highly valued styles were those of `` scholar-painting '' , at least in theory practiced by gentleman amateurs . The Western hierarchy of genres reflected similar attitudes .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "1000s_in_art", "score": 0.7003525495529175, "text": "The decade of the 1000s involved some significant events in art .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Oxford_History_of_Art", "score": 0.6995915770530701, "text": "The Oxford History of Art is a monographic series about the history of art , design and architecture published by Oxford University Press . It combines volumes covering specific periods with thematic volumes . The history is divided into histories of Western Art , Western Architecture , World Art , Western Design , Photography , Western Sculpture , Themes and Genres , and a critical anthology of art writing . The entire work consists of over 30 volumes .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Index_of_painting-related_articles", "score": 0.6920648813247681, "text": "Below is a list of topics in painting .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Gardner's_Art_Through_the_Ages", "score": 0.6913285255432129, "text": "Gardner 's Art Through the Ages is an American textbook on the history of art , with the 2004 edition by Fred S. Kleiner and Christin J. Mamiya . The 2001 edition was awarded both a McGuffey award for longevity and the `` Texty '' Award for current editions by the Text and Academic Authors Association . No other book has received both awards in the same year . The first edition published in 1926 was written by Helen Gardner . It , like all following editions , was organized chronologically beginning with `` The Birth of Art '' in the Upper Paleolithic and progressing in a mainly chronological sequence to the contemporary period . Gardner 's initial edition was ahead of its time in that along with the Western canon of European art , it examined the art of other cultures . This broader view has influenced artists like Roy Lichtenstein as a student with its coverage not only of China , Japan , and Africa , but The Americas and the South Pacific as well . It continues to be a required text for introductory classes in art history for American students to this day .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Art_Historical_Photo_Archives", "score": 0.6891969442367554, "text": "Art historical photo archives ( or photoarchives ) are collections of reproductions of works of art that document paintings , drawings , prints , sculpture , architecture and sometimes installation photos . They are essential resource tools for the study of art history . Image collections deepen understanding of specific objects of art and the careers of individual artists as they also provide the means for a comparative approach to the study of artists ' works , national schools and period styles . The documentation that accompanies the images can also reveal patterns of art collecting , art market fluctuations and the changeable nature of public opinion . Photo archives build their collections and gather documentation for the works of art they record through purchases , gifts and photography campaigns . Information about ownership , condition , attribution , and subject identification is recorded at the time of acquisition and is frequently updated .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Classificatory_disputes_about_art", "score": 0.6878664493560791, "text": "Art historians and philosophers of art have long had classificatory disputes about art regarding whether a particular cultural form or piece of work should be classified as art . Disputes about what does and does not count as art continue to occur today .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Narrative_art", "score": 0.6872073411941528, "text": "Narrative art is art that tells a story , either as a moment in an ongoing story or as a sequence of events unfolding over time . Some of the earliest evidence of human art suggests that people told stories with pictures . However , without some knowledge of the story being told it is very hard to read ancient pictures because they are not organized in a systematic way like words on a page , but rather can unfold in many different directions at once . Static images in any artistic medium do not naturally lend themselves to telling stories as stories are told over time ( diachronic ) and pictures are seen all at once ( synchronic ) . Although there are some common features to all narrative art , different cultures have developed idiosyncratic ways to discern narrative action from pictures . Prior to the advent of literacy most narrative art was done in a simultaneous narrative style with very little overarching organization . Once literacy developed in different parts of the world pictures began to be organized along register lines , like lines on a page , that helped define the direction of the narrative . This method of linking scenes together led to other ways of telling stories in the 20th century , namely the newspaper , comic strips and comic books . In painting in traditional Western art since the Renaissance , the concept of history painting covers most narrative scenes . Narrative is generally easier to represent in painting and relief in sculpture than in sculpture in the round , where depicting several figures becomes complicated , though the Roman Sperlonga sculptures are a lavish exception .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Visual_arts_of_Sri_Lanka", "score": 0.686029314994812, "text": "Visual arts in Sri Lanka refers to a variety of visual art forms , including as painting , drawing , sculpture architecture and other visual arts from the ancient time to modern Sri Lanka . The history of visual art of Sri Lanka has long history , starting from the 2nd or 3rd century BC to the present day .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
156709
Adrienne Bailon is an accountant.
[ { "id": "Adrienne_Bailon", "score": 0.6491296887397766, "text": "Adrienne Eliza Houghton ( née Bailon ; born October 24 , 1983 ) is an American singer-songwriter , recording artist , actress , dancer and television personality . Adrienne Bailon first became publicly known when she rose to fame as one of the founding members and singer of both 3LW ( 1999 -- 2007 ) and Disney 's The Cheetah Girls ( 2003 -- 2008 ) . Bailon recorded a debut solo album which was later shelved . Since then , Bailon has stated that she plans to record a Spanish-language solo album . Aside from her work in 3LW and The Cheetah Girls , Bailon went on to develop her own acting career with roles in The Cheetah Girls films , Coach Carter and the MTV film All You 've Got . Aside from her work in film , she has also guest starred in numerous television series including the Disney Channel series That 's So Raven and The Suite Life of Zack & Cody . Bailon has established a solo music career , contributing two solo tracks , including `` What If '' , to The Cheetah Girls : One World soundtrack as well as the Confessions of a Shopaholic soundtrack , and numerous other guest musical ventures . Bailon co-stars alongside television personality , model and actress Julissa Bermudez in their own reality series , Empire Girls : Julissa and Adrienne which airs on the Style Network . Adrienne met Julissa on the set of the 2006 film All You 've Got . Currently , Bailon is one of the hosts of syndicated talk show The Real along with former fellow Disney Channel star Tamera Mowry , Jeannie Mai , and Loni Love , which premiered on July 15 , 2013 . Bailon 's career , spanning over 16 years with both 3LW and The Cheetah Girls , has helped her sell a combined 5.6 million recording albums worldwide ." } ]
[ { "id": "Accounting", "score": 0.611997127532959, "text": "Accounting or accountancy is the measurement , processing and communication of financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations . The modern field was established by the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli in 1494 . Accounting , which has been called the `` language of business '' , measures the results of an organization 's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users , including investors , creditors , management , and regulators . Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants . The terms `` accounting '' and `` financial reporting '' are often used as synonyms . Accounting can be divided into several fields including financial accounting , management accounting , external auditing , tax accounting and cost accounting . Accounting information systems are designed to support accounting functions and related activities . Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization 's financial information , including the preparation of financial statements , to external users of the information , such as investors , regulators and suppliers ; and management accounting focuses on the measurement , analysis and reporting of information for internal use by management . The recording of financial transactions , so that summaries of the financials may be presented in financial reports , is known as bookkeeping , of which double-entry bookkeeping is the most common system . Accounting is facilitated by accounting organizations such as standard-setters , accounting firms and professional bodies . Financial statements are usually audited by accounting firms , and are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ( GAAP ) . GAAP is set by various standard-setting organizations such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board ( FASB ) in the United States and the Financial Reporting Council in the United Kingdom . As of 2012 , `` all major economies '' have plans to converge towards or adopt the International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Hedge_accounting", "score": 0.604114830493927, "text": "Hedge accounting is an accountancy practice .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Brigitte_Alepin", "score": 0.6015342473983765, "text": "Brigitte Alepin is an author , media personality and tax expert born in Quebec in 1966 . She holds a bachelor 's degree in accounting from Université du Québec à Montréal ( 1986 ) with an award for excellence , a master 's degree in taxation from Université de Sherbrooke ( 1990 ) with a grant from the Canadian Research Fund , and a Master of Public Administration from Harvard University ( 2005 ) . At Harvard , she worked on a special project entitled `` The adaptation of our tax systems to globalization . '' She is an outspoken critic of corporate tax evasion and fiscal inequality . She has acted as an expert advisor on tax policies to the Canadian government and various Canadian and international organizations . In 2016 , Alepin was recognized as one of the 50 most influential tax experts in the world , by the magazine International Tax Review .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Accountant_General", "score": 0.5990427732467651, "text": "Accountant General or Accountant-General is , or was , the name of a government post in several countries .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Bookkeeping", "score": 0.5980479717254639, "text": "Bookkeeping is the recording of financial transactions , and is part of the process of accounting in business . Transactions include purchases , sales , receipts , and payments by an individual person or an organization/corporation . There are several standard methods of bookkeeping , such as the single-entry bookkeeping system and the double-entry bookkeeping system , but , while they may be thought of as `` real '' bookkeeping , any process that involves the recording of financial transactions is a bookkeeping process . Bookkeeping is usually performed by a bookkeeper . A bookkeeper ( or book-keeper ) is a person who records the day-to-day financial transactions of a business . He or she is usually responsible for writing the daybooks , which contain records of purchases , sales , receipts , and payments . The bookkeeper is responsible for ensuring that all transactions whether it is cash transaction or credit transaction are recorded in the correct daybook , supplier 's ledger , customer ledger , and general ledger ; an accountant can then create reports from the information concerning the financial transactions recorded by the bookkeeper . The bookkeeper brings the books to the trial balance stage : an accountant may prepare the income statement and balance sheet using the trial balance and ledgers prepared by the bookkeeper .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Amatino_Manucci", "score": 0.5961331725120544, "text": "Amatino Manucci gave us the earliest extant accounting of double-entry bookkeeping . Manucci kept the accounts for Giovanni Farolfi & Company , a merchant partnership based in Nîmes , France . The writing , entirely in Manucci 's hand , is neat , legible , and mostly well preserved . Financial records from 1299 -- 1300 survive that he kept for the firm 's branch in Salon , Provence . Although these records are incomplete , they show enough detail to be identified as double-entry bookkeeping . These details include the use of debits and credits and duality of entries . `` No more is known of Amatino Manucci than this ledger that he kept . ''", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Parliamentary_Budget_Officer", "score": 0.5937568545341492, "text": "The Parliamentary Budget Officer ( PBO ) provides independent analysis to Canadian Parliament on the state of the nation 's finances , the government 's estimates and trends in the Canadian economy ; and upon request from a committee or parliamentarian , estimates the financial cost of any proposal for matters over which Parliament has jurisdiction .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Canadian_Payroll_Association", "score": 0.591649055480957, "text": "The Canadian Payroll Association ( CPA ) has been representing employers ' payroll interests since 1978 , through its core purpose of Payroll Compliance through Education and Advocacy and its values of Community , Professionalism and Authoritative Compliance Knowledge . Professional payroll administration is mission-critical because of the magnitude of the remuneration by employers and the breadth of the legislative compliance requirements . Canada 's 1.5 million employers count on payroll professionals to annually pay $ 901 billion in wages and taxable benefits , $ 305 billion in federal and provincial statutory remittances , and $ 169 billion in health and retirement benefits , as well as produce 26 million T4s , 9 million T4As , and 7 million RL-1s - all while complying with over 200 regulatory requirements .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Entity_concept", "score": 0.5898857116699219, "text": "In accounting , a business or an organization and its owners are treated as two separately identifiable parties . This is called the entity concept . The business stands apart from other organizations as a separate economic unit . It is necessary to record the business 's transactions separately , to distinguish them from the owners ' personal transactions . This helps to give a correct determination of the true financial condition of the business . This concept can be extended to accounting separately for the various divisions of a business in order to ascertain the financial results for each division . `` The entity view holds the business ` enterprise to be an institution in its own right separate and distinct from the parties who furnish the funds '' Proprietor An example is a sole trader or one-man business ( proprietorship ) : the sole trader takes money from the business by way of ` drawings ' : money for his own personal use . Despite it being his business and technically his money , there are still two aspects to the transaction : the business is ` giving ' money and the individual is ` receiving ' money . Even though there is no other legal distinction between the sole trader and the business , and the sole trader is liable for all of the debts of the business , business transactions will probably still be taxed separately from personal transactions , and the proprietor of the business may also find it useful to see the financial results of the business . For these reasons , the affairs of the individuals behind a business should be kept separate from the affairs of the business itself .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Jamie_Baillie", "score": 0.5892237424850464, "text": "Jamie Baillie ( born April 28 , 1966 ) is the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia . He is a Chartered Accountant and the former President and CEO of Credit Union Atlantic . Prior to entering politics , he led Credit Union Atlantic to consecutive years of higher profits and dividends for members and was named one of Atlantic Canada 's top 50 CEOs for five years running . He is a member of Atlantic Business Magazine 's Hall of Fame and in 2010 he was named a Fellow Chartered Accountant , the highest designation for that profession . Baillie has also worked as a Senior Partner with Robertson Surrette , an executive search firm located in Halifax , and was the Vice-President of Finance for CitiGroup Properties . In 2002 , Premier John Hamm called upon Baillie to serve as his Chief of Staff . Baillie acted as a principal advisor to Hamm and played a key role on a number of initiatives , including improvements to public education and the preparation and presentation of balanced budgets .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "President_of_the_Treasury_Board", "score": 0.5883210897445679, "text": "The President of the Treasury Board chairs the Treasury Board of Canada and is responsible for accounting for the government 's fiscal operations .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "L._Denis_Desautels", "score": 0.5859007239341736, "text": "L. Denis Desautels , ( born May 14 , 1943 ) is a Canadian accountant , corporate director , and former Auditor General of Canada . Born in Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville , Quebec , Desautels received a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the McGill University Desautels Faculty of Management in 1964 and became a Chartered Accountant in 1966 . In 1964 , he joined the Montreal accounting firm of Clarkson Gordon ( now Caron Bélanger Ernst & Young ) . While working in the Ottawa office he participated in an exchange program with the office of the Auditor General . From April 1 , 1991 until March 31 , 2001 he was the Auditor General of Canada . He has served on the board of directors of CARE Canada , the Laurentian Bank of Canada , Groupe Jean Coutu ( PJC ) Inc. , Bombardier Inc. and Alcan Inc. .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Chartered_Professional_Accountant", "score": 0.5850802063941956, "text": "Chartered Professional Accountant ( CPA ) ( comptable professionnel agréé ) is a professional designation that is replacing those granted by the three former accounting bodies in Canada : Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants ( CA ) , Certified General Accountants Association of Canada ( CGA ) and Certified Management Accountants of Canada ( CMA ) . Progress towards full adoption of the designation is substantially complete , as of May 2017 . The designation , with related unified professional bodies , is in effect in Bermuda and all Canadian jurisdictions with the exception of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "American_Institute_of_Certified_Public_Accountants", "score": 0.5844107270240784, "text": "Founded in 1887 , the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ( AICPA ) is the national professional organization of Certified Public Accountants ( CPAs ) in the United States , with more than 418,000 members in 143 countries in business and industry , public practice , government , education , student affiliates and international associates . It sets ethical standards for the profession and U.S. auditing standards for audits of private companies , non-profit organizations , federal , state and local governments . It also develops and grades the Uniform CPA Examination . The AICPA maintains offices in New York City ; Washington , DC ; Durham , NC ; and Ewing , NJ . The AICPA celebrated the 125th anniversary of its founding in 2012 . The AICPA 's founding defined accountancy as a profession characterized by educational requirements , professional standards , a code of professional ethics , and alignment with the public interest .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Bench_Accounting", "score": 0.5836116671562195, "text": "Bench Accounting , branded as Bench , is a four-year-old fintech company that automates accounting tasks to organize the financials of small businesses , independent contractors , and entrepreneurs . Bench was founded by Forbes 30 Under 30 winner Ian Crosby , along with Jordan Menashy , Adam Saint , and Pavel Rodionov in 2012 . Unlike traditional accounting solutions , the company provides subscription access to proprietary , cloud-based software in combination with in-house bookkeepers to serve their clients . Bench has raised $ 33M in funding to date , services thousands of business owners across the United States , and currently employs 250 people out of its North American headquarters .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Patricia_McKay", "score": 0.5835183262825012, "text": "Patricia A. McKay is a Partner with the public accounting firm of Templeton & Company which provides accounting , audit , tax and consulting services to clients from its South Florida offices in West Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale . Prior to joining Templeton , she served as the Executive Vice President and the Chief Financial Officer of Office Depot , where she had also served on its Board of Directors . Prior to that position , she was the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Restoration Hardware . In addition , she has held senior finance leadership positions at AutoNation , and Dole Food Company . She began her career with an international accounting firm where she served as an audit manager . In 2007 , she was recognized as one of the `` 100 Most Influential People in Finance '' by Treasury & Risk Magazine . Most recently , she was nominated as an Influential Business Woman by The South Florida Business Journal , inducted into the FAU National Alumni Association Hall of Fame and serves on the FAU Foundation Board . McKay holds a bachelor 's degree in Business Administration from Florida Atlantic University .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Canadian_Public_Accountability_Board", "score": 0.5813603401184082, "text": "The Canadian Public Accountability Board ( `` CPAB '' ) ( Conseil canadien sur la reddition de comptes ) is a national body organized by the Canadian Securities Administrators ( `` CSA '' ) which oversees Canadian accounting firms performing auditing work .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Accountant_in_Bankruptcy", "score": 0.5804138779640198, "text": "The Accountant in Bankruptcy ( AiB ) is the Scottish government agency responsible for administering the process of personal bankruptcy and corporate insolvency , administering the Debt Arrangement Scheme ( DAS ) , and implementing , monitoring and reviewing government policy in these and related areas , for example Protected Trust Deeds and diligence . It reports to the Scottish Government 's Minister for Business , Innovation and Energy , who is Paul Wheelhouse . The agency is based in Pennyburn Road , Kilwinning , Ayrshire .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "ATB_Financial", "score": 0.5789073705673218, "text": "Alberta Treasury Branches , doing business as ATB Financial , is a financial institution and Crown corporation owned by the Province of Alberta . ATB operates in Alberta only , providing financial services to nearly 700,000 Albertans and Alberta-based businesses . ATB has 172 branches and 135 agencies , serving a total of 243 communities in Alberta . Wealth management services are offered under the name ATB Investor Services or ATBIS . ATB has more than 5,300 employees . Headquartered in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada , with total assets of C$ 43.1 billion ( 2015 Annual Report ) , ATB is the largest Alberta-based financial institution . ATB is not a chartered bank , and unlike all banks operating in Canada , ATB is regulated entirely by the Government of Alberta , under the authority of the Alberta Treasury Branches Act , RSA 2000 , c. A-37 , and Treasury Branches Regulation 187/97 . The legislation is modeled on the statutes and regulations governing other financial institutions and other guidelines to financial institutions issued by the federal Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions and the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation . ATB Financial is one of fifteen financial institutions that participates in Canada 's Large Value Transfer System .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Association_of_Chartered_Certified_Accountants", "score": 0.5777716040611267, "text": "Founded in 1904 , the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants ( ACCA ) is the global professional accounting body offering the Chartered Certified Accountant qualification ( ACCA or FCCA ) . From June 2016 , ACCA recorded that it has 188,000 members and 480,000 students in 178 countries . ACCA 's headquarters are in London with principal administrative office in Glasgow . ACCA works through a network of 100 offices and centres and more than 7,100 Approved Employers worldwide , who provide employee development . The term ` Chartered ' in ACCA qualification refers to the Royal Charter granted in 1974 . Chartered Certified Accountant is a legally protected term . Individuals who describe themselves as Chartered Certified Accountants must be members of ACCA and if they carry out public practice engagements , must comply with additional regulations such as holding a practising certificate , carrying liability insurance and submitting to inspections . The Association of Authorised Public Accountants ( AAPA ) , one of the British professional bodies for public accountants , has been a subsidiary of ACCA since 1996 . ACCA works in the public interest , assuring that its members are appropriately regulated . It promotes principles-based regulation . ACCA actively seeks to enhance the value of accounting in society through international research . It takes progressive stances on global issues to ensure accountancy as a profession continues to grow in reputation and influence .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
129629
Homeland is an American television spy thriller based on the Israeli television series Prisoners of War.
[ { "id": "Prisoners_of_War_(TV_series)", "score": 0.7393524646759033, "text": "Prisoners of War ( original title in ) is an Israeli television drama series made by Keshet and originally aired on Israel 's Channel 2 from March to May 2010 . A second season aired in Israel from October to December 2012 , and a third season is planned . The series was created by Israeli director , screenwriter and producer Gideon Raff . In 2010 it won the Israeli Academy Award for Television for Best Drama Series . The programme was acquired by 20th Century Fox Television before it aired in Israel , and was adapted into the acclaimed series Homeland for Showtime in the United States . In India it was officially adapted as finite 126 episode television series P.O.W. - Bandi Yuddh Ke by Nikhil Advani in 2016 with Hatufim creator Gideon Raff consulting for the series ." }, { "id": "Homeland_(TV_series)", "score": 0.8005852699279785, "text": "Homeland is an American spy thriller television series developed by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa based on the Israeli series Prisoners of War ( Original title חטופים Hatufim , literally `` Abductees '' ) , which was created by Gideon Raff . The series stars Claire Danes as Carrie Mathison , a Central Intelligence Agency officer with bipolar disorder , and Damian Lewis as Nicholas Brody , a U.S. Marine Corps Scout Sniper . Mathison had come to believe that Brody , who was held captive by al-Qaeda as a prisoner of war , was `` turned '' by the enemy and poses a threat to the United States . The series is broadcast in the U.S. on the cable channel Showtime , and is produced by Fox 21 Television Studios ( formerly Fox 21 ) . It premiered on October 2 , 2011 . The first episode was made available online , more than two weeks before the television broadcast , with viewers having to complete game tasks to gain access . On October 22 , 2013 , Showtime renewed Homeland for a fourth season , which premiered on October 5 , 2014 . On November 10 , 2014 , Showtime renewed the series for a 12-episode fifth season that premiered on October 4 , 2015 . On December 9 , 2015 , the series was renewed for a sixth season . The sixth season debuted on January 15 , 2017 . The series has also been renewed for a seventh and eighth season ; the eighth is planned to be the series ' final season by the creators . The series has received generally positive reviews , and has won several awards , including the 2012 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series , and the 2011 and 2012 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama , as well as the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Lead Actress in a Drama Series for Damian Lewis and Claire Danes , respectively ." } ]
[ { "id": "Homeland_(season_2)", "score": 0.701431155204773, "text": "The second season of the American television drama series Homeland premiered on September 30 , 2012 on Showtime and concluded on December 16 , 2012 , consisting of 12 episodes . The series is loosely based on the Israeli television series Hatufim ( English : Prisoners of War ) created by Gideon Raff and is developed for American television by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Homeland_(season_3)", "score": 0.6986897587776184, "text": "The third season of the American television drama series Homeland premiered on September 29 , 2013 on Showtime , and concluded on December 15 , 2013 , consisting of 12 episodes . The series is loosely based on the Israeli television series Hatufim ( English : Prisoners of War ) created by Gideon Raff and is developed for American television by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Homeland_(season_6)", "score": 0.6877373456954956, "text": "The sixth season of the American television drama series Homeland premiered on January 15 , 2017 , and concluded on April 9 , 2017 , on Showtime , consisting of 12 episodes . The series is loosely based on the Israeli television series Hatufim ( English : Prisoners of War ) created by Gideon Raff and is developed for American television by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Homeland_(season_5)", "score": 0.6871485710144043, "text": "The fifth season of the American television drama series Homeland , premiered on October 4 , 2015 , and concluded on December 20 , 2015 , on Showtime , consisting of 12 episodes . The series is loosely based on the Israeli television series Hatufim ( English : Prisoners of War ) created by Gideon Raff and is developed for American television by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa . The fifth season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on January 10 , 2017 . Set two years after the previous season , Carrie is no longer working for the CIA , and is working for a philanthropic foundation in Berlin , the Düring Foundation . The season includes several real world subjects in its storylines , including ISIS , Vladimir Putin , Bashar al-Assad , the Charlie Hebdo shooting , Edward Snowden , and the European migrant crisis .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Homeland_(season_4)", "score": 0.6822184324264526, "text": "The fourth season of the American television drama series Homeland premiered on October 5 , 2014 , and concluded on December 21 , 2014 , on Showtime , consisting of 12 episodes . The series is loosely based on the Israeli television series Hatufim ( English : Prisoners of War ) created by Gideon Raff and is developed for American television by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa . The fourth season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on September 8 , 2015 , and became available for streaming on Hulu on August 1 , 2016 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Rodina_(TV_series)", "score": 0.6805976629257202, "text": "Rodina ( Родина Homeland ) is a Russian political thriller television series developed by Pavel Lungin and Timur Weinstein based on the Israeli series Hatufim , which was created by Gideon Raff , and it is a second adaptation after the American adaptation Homeland by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa . The series stars Viktoriya Isakova as Anna Zimina , a Federal Security Service ( FSB ) officer and Vladimir Mashkov as Alexey Bragin , a Russian Marine Corps sniper . Anna had come to believe that Alexey , who was held captive by Chechen terrorists as a prisoner of war , was `` turned '' by the enemy and threatened the Russian Federation . The series is broadcast in the Russian Federation on channel Russia-1 , and is produced by WeiT Media . The first episode aired on March 16 , 2015 . The series was a ratings hit , with the premiere the network 's highest-rated show in two years .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Gideon_Raff", "score": 0.6776347160339355, "text": "Gideon `` Gidi '' Raff ( גדעון '' גידי '' רף born 1973 ) is an Israeli film and television director , screenwriter , and writer . He is best known for the award-winning 2010 Israeli television drama series Prisoners of War ( which he created , wrote and directed ) and its acclaimed US adaptation , Homeland ( for which he won two Primetime Emmy Awards in 2012 ) .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Hostages_(U.S._TV_series)", "score": 0.6724659204483032, "text": "Hostages is an American drama television series that aired on CBS as part of the 2013 -- 14 American television season . Developed for American television by Alon Aranya and Jeffrey Nachmanoff , it is based on the Israeli series of the same name created by Omri Givon and Rotem Shamir and produced by Chaim Sharir , which premiered on October 13 , 2013 , almost three weeks after the American version 's premiere . Jeffrey Nachmanoff wrote and directed the pilot episode for the American version . The series premiered on September 23 , 2013 and ended on January 6 , 2014 . On May 10 , 2014 , CBS announced the cancellation of Hostages after one season .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Pilot_(Homeland)", "score": 0.6651291847229004, "text": "`` Pilot '' is the first episode of the psychological thriller TV series Homeland . It originally aired on Showtime on October 2 , 2011 . The episode focuses on the return home of Marine Sergeant Nicholas Brody ( Damian Lewis ) , rescued after eight years as a prisoner-of-war in Afghanistan . While Brody is celebrated as a hero , CIA officer Carrie Mathison ( Claire Danes ) believes Brody to actually be acting as a sleeper agent for al-Qaeda . The pilot was universally acclaimed by critics and was the highest-rated drama premiere on Showtime since 2003 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Carrie_Mathison", "score": 0.6646971106529236, "text": "Carrie Anne Mathison , played by actress Claire Danes , is a fictional character and the protagonist of the American television drama/thriller series Homeland on Showtime , created by Alex Gansa and Howard Gordon . Carrie is a CIA officer who , while on assignment in Iraq , learned from a CIA asset that an American prisoner of war had been turned by al-Qaeda . After a U.S. Marine sergeant named Nicholas Brody is rescued from captivity , Mathison believes that he is the POW described to her . Carrie 's investigation of Brody is complicated by her bipolar disorder and results in an obsession with her suspect . For her performance as Mathison , Claire Danes has received several major acting awards , including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series , the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Television Series Drama , the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series , the Satellite Award for Best Actress -- Television Series Drama , and the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama . She is the second actress to win all the five main TV acting awards for her performance in the Lead Drama Actress categories .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "The_Prisoner", "score": 0.6551259756088257, "text": "The Prisoner is a 17-episode British television series first broadcast in Canada beginning on 6 September 1967 then in the United Kingdom on 29 September 1967 and in the United States on 1 June 1968 . It stars and was co-created by Patrick McGoohan , and combines spy fiction with elements of science fiction , allegory and psychological drama . The series follows a British former secret agent who is abducted and held prisoner in a mysterious coastal village resort , where his captors try to find out why he abruptly resigned from his job . Although the show was sold as a thriller in the mould of the previous series starring McGoohan , Danger Man ( 1960 -- 68 ; retitled as Secret Agent in the US ) , its combination of 1960s countercultural themes and surrealistic setting had a far-reaching influence on science fiction and fantasy TV programming , and on narrative popular culture in general . A TV miniseries remake aired on the US cable channel AMC between 15 and 17 November 2009 . This was followed by another remake as an audio drama in 2015 by Big Finish Productions .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Nicholas_Brody", "score": 0.6466231346130371, "text": "GySgt . Nicholas `` Nick '' Brody , played by actor Damian Lewis , is a fictional character on the American television series Homeland on Showtime , created by Alex Gansa and Howard Gordon . Brody was a USMC Sergeant who was held as a prisoner of war by al-Qaeda terrorists for eight years . Following his rescue and return home , Brody is hailed as a war hero and promoted to gunnery . However , a CIA officer , Carrie Mathison , suspects that Brody was turned by al-Qaeda , and tries to stop him from potentially committing a terrorist act . Between the first and second season , he was elected to Congress . In the third season , he was executed by Iranian authorities after completing a CIA plot against the Iranian Revolutionary Guard .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "The_Americans_(2013_TV_series)", "score": 0.6460258364677429, "text": "The Americans is an American television period drama series created and produced by former CIA officer Joe Weisberg . The series premiered in the United States on January 30 , 2013 on the cable network FX . Set in the early 1980s during the Cold War , The Americans is the story of Elizabeth ( Keri Russell ) and Philip Jennings ( Matthew Rhys ) , two Soviet KGB officers posing as an American married couple living in the northern Virginia suburbs of Washington , D.C. , with their children Paige ( Holly Taylor ) and Henry ( Keidrich Sellati ) and their neighbor Stan Beeman ( Noah Emmerich ) , an FBI agent working in counterintelligence . On May 25 , 2016 , FX set an end-date for the series by renewing it for a fifth and sixth season . The 10-episode sixth and final season is slated to air in 2018 .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "List_of_Quantico_characters", "score": 0.6440890431404114, "text": "Quantico is an American television series created by Joshua Safran and produced by ABC Studios .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "American_Odyssey", "score": 0.6433621048927307, "text": "American Odyssey ( known in the UK under its original title Odyssey ) is an American thriller television series which premiered on April 5 , 2015 , on NBC . Created by Peter Horton , Adam Armus and Kay Foster , the series revolves around the discovery by a U.S. Army team on a secret mission in Mali , that a major U.S. company has been funding Islamist terror groups , and the subsequent cover-up of this revelation , which involves the attack and killing of the team of U.S. soldiers by private military contractors dispatched by the same company . The series stars Anna Friel , Peter Facinelli , Jake Robinson , Jim True-Frost , Treat Williams , Nate Mooney , Elena Kampouris , Daniella Pineda , Sadie Sink , Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje and Omar Ghazaoui . It is envisioned by the creators as a modern-day take on Homer 's Odyssey . On June 30 , 2015 , NBC cancelled the series after one season .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "The_Prisoner_(2009_miniseries)", "score": 0.6427047848701477, "text": "The Prisoner is a 2009 television miniseries based on the 1960s TV series The Prisoner . The series concerned a man who awakens in a mysterious , picturesque , but escape-proof village . It was co-produced by American cable network AMC with British channel ITV , who now hold the rights to the original series .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Spy_(2004_TV_series)", "score": 0.6370457410812378, "text": "Spy is a British television programme originally made by Wall to Wall for BBC Three in 2004 . It has been one of the most-exported United Kingdom television shows ; according to the Producers ' Alliance for Cinema and Television ( PACT ) , it had been sold to 129 countries by April 2005 . The series follows a group of real-life volunteers as they are trained by former spies in espionage techniques , including maintaining a false identity , surveillance , persuasion and recruitment . The programme 's psychological challenges , dramatic tension , high production values , and personable cast led to its being called ` the most addictive thing on TV at the moment ' by The Daily Telegraph . The series further develops a format that first appeared in the Wall to Wall television productions Spymaster ( 2002 ; UK ) and Spymaster USA ( 2003 ; USA ) . SPY : A Handbook , a companion book written by Harry Ferguson , a trainer featured on the show , was published in 2004 by Bloomsbury in the UK ( ISBN 0-7475-7523-1 ) .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "The_Spy_(TV_series)", "score": 0.6354137659072876, "text": "The Spy is an upcoming television drama series written and directed by Gideon Raff based on the life of Israel 's top spy Eli Cohen in Syria . The series is a co-production between Canal + and Netflix , with Canal + airing the show in France , and Netflix streaming the show internationally outside of France .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Representative_Brody", "score": 0.6333978176116943, "text": "`` Representative Brody '' is the tenth episode of the first season of the psychological thriller TV series Homeland . It originally aired on Showtime on December 4 , 2011 . Brody is approached with an opportunity for a Congress seat . In an attempt to close in on Walker , the CIA targets the diplomat who made contact with him .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "The_Prisoner_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.6311647295951843, "text": "The Prisoner is a 17-episode British television series broadcast in the UK from 29 September 1967 to 1 February 1968 . Starring and co-created by Patrick McGoohan , it combined spy fiction with elements of science fiction , allegory , and psychological drama . Since its debut , the series ' enduring popularity has led to its influencing and being referenced in a range of other media , such as the film The Truman Show , and the television shows Lost and The X-Files . The producer of The X-Files called The Prisoner `` the Gone with the Wind of its genre . '' The Guardian wrote that `` Without The Prisoner , we 'd never have had cryptic , mindbending TV series like Twin Peaks or Lost . It 's the Citizen Kane of British TV -- a programme that changed the landscape . '' For references to The Prisoner in other media see The Prisoner in other media .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
33078
The Boston Celtics play their home games at TD Garden.
[ { "id": "Boston_Celtics", "score": 0.7977895736694336, "text": "The Boston Celtics ( -LSB- ˈsɛltɪks -RSB- ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 and one of eight NBA teams ( out of 23 total teams ) to survive the league 's first decade , the team is owned by Boston Basketball Partners LLC . The Celtics play their home games at the TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The franchise 's 17 championships are the most of any NBA team , and account for 24.3 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding in 1946 . As a percentage of championships won , the Celtics are the most successful franchise to date in the major four traditional North American professional sports leagues . The Celtics have played the Lakers a record 12 times in the finals , including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 , where the Celtics have won nine meetings ( but only two since 1980 ) . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Their mascot ` Lucky the Leprechaun ' is a nod to the team 's Irish heritage and to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics rose again after struggling through the 1990s to win a championship in 2008 with the help of Kevin Garnett , Paul Pierce , and Ray Allen in what was known as the new `` Big Three '' era , following the original `` Big Three '' era of the 1980s that featured Larry Bird , Kevin McHale , and Robert Parish . After the end of the second `` Big Three '' era , general manager Danny Ainge began a rebuilding process with the help of new head coach Brad Stevens , who led the Celtics to a return to the playoffs in 2015 , 2016 , and 2017 . During the 2016 -- 17 season , the Celtics clinched the top seed in the Eastern Conference playoffs ." } ]
[ { "id": "List_of_Boston_Celtics_head_coaches", "score": 0.7491040229797363, "text": "The Boston Celtics are an American professional basketball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The team is owned by Wycliffe Grousbeck and coached by Brad Stevens , with Danny Ainge as the general manager . Founded in 1946 , their 17 NBA Championships are the most for any NBA franchise , and their eight consecutive NBA championships from 1959 to 1966 represent the longest consecutive championship winning streak of any North American professional sports team to date . They play their home games in the TD Garden . There have been 17 head coaches for the Boston Celtics franchise . The Celtics won their first NBA championship in the 1957 NBA Finals under the coaching of Red Auerbach . Auerbach is the franchise 's all-time leader in the number of regular-season and playoff wins as a coach . Auerbach and Bill Fitch were included in the Top 10 Coaches in NBA history . Fitch was the 1979 -- 80 NBA Coach of the Year and also led the Celtics to a championship that year . Auerbach led the Celtics to nine championships , in 1957 , 1959 , 1960 , 1961 , 1962 , 1963 , 1964 , 1965 , and 1966 . He was also the 1965 -- 65 Coach of the Year . K.C. Jones led the Celtics to two championships , in 1984 and 1986 . Alvin Julian and Auerbach have been inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame as coaches . Bill Russell , Tom Heinsohn , Tom Sanders , Dave Cowens , K.C. Jones , Chris Ford and M. L. Carr have played and coached for the Celtics . John Russell , Alvin Julian , Heinsohn , Sanders , Carr , and John Carroll spent their entire coaching career with the Celtics . Doc Rivers , led the team to one NBA championship .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "History_of_the_Boston_Celtics", "score": 0.745447039604187, "text": "The Boston Celtics are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . Founded in 1946 as a charter member of the Basketball Association of America , the Celtics then moved into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) in 1949 , as said league was formed by the merger of the BAA merged with the National Basketball League . Currently playing in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference , the Celtics have the most NBA titles with 17 championships . Eleven of those occurred between 1957 and 1969 , with a dynasty led by center Bill Russell and coach/general manager Red Auerbach . The Celtics won two more titles in the 1970s under coach Tom Heinsohn , and three more in the 1980s under the leadership of forward Larry Bird . After a 22-year drought , the Celtics got their latest title in 2008 .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "1974–75_Boston_Celtics_season", "score": 0.7340335845947266, "text": "The 1974 -- 75 Boston Celtics season was the 29th season of the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The Boston Celtics were one of a handful of teams to play home games in four arenas . Their main venue was Boston Garden , but three home games were played at the Hartford Civic Center , three at the Providence Civic Center and one at the Springfield Civic Center .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_Boston_Celtics_accomplishments_and_records", "score": 0.7318812608718872, "text": "This is a comprehensive list of the accomplishments and records of the Boston Celtics . The Boston Celtics are an American professional basketball team currently playing in the National Basketball Association .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "2017–18_Boston_Celtics_season", "score": 0.7291768193244934, "text": "The 2017 -- 18 Boston Celtics season will be the 72nd season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . It would also mark the first time a team with a winning record would own the # 1 pick of an NBA draft since the 1994-95 Orlando Magic .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Boston_Garden", "score": 0.7287831902503967, "text": "Boston Garden was an arena in Boston , United States . Designed by boxing promoter Tex Rickard , who also built the third iteration of New York 's Madison Square Garden , it opened on November 17 , 1928 as `` Boston Madison Square Garden '' ( later shortened to just `` Boston Garden '' ) and outlived its original namesake by 30 years . It was above North Station , a train station which was originally a hub for the Boston and Maine Railroad and is now a hub for MBTA Commuter Rail and Amtrak trains . The Garden hosted home games for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as well as rock concerts , amateur sports , boxing and professional wrestling matches , circuses , and ice shows . It was also used as an exposition hall for political rallies such as the speech by John F. Kennedy in November 1960 . Boston Garden was demolished in 1998 , three years after the completion of its new successor arena , TD Garden .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Sports_Museum", "score": 0.7263541221618652, "text": "The Sports Museum ( also known as The Sports Museum of New England ) is a non-profit museum currently located in the TD Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . The museum was founded in 1977 in nearby Cambridge , Massachusetts before eventually moving to Boston to the Garden , which has been home to Celtics and Bruins for twenty years . The museum 's exhibits focus on the history of various sports in the Boston area , including the Boston Bruins , Boston Celtics , Boston Red Sox , New England Patriots , Boston Marathon , New England Revolution , boxing , college sports , and others . The museum features diverse sports memorabilia , curiosities , and life-size sculptures of Bobby Orr , Larry Bird , Carl Yastrzemski and Ted Williams by Rhode Island sculptor Armand LaMontagne . The museum is normally open daily between 10 AM and 4 PM , but may close when an event or game is scheduled in the Garden . It is located on a subway stop . According to the museum 's mission statement : `` At The Sports Museum , we celebrate the character of Boston sports -- the unique brand of teamwork , determination , responsibility , courage , fairness , and other qualities of character possessed by our teams and athletes that make Boston `` The Greatest Sports City in America . '' Equally important , we use this distinctly rich heritage to help build character in kids so that they can stand strong in the face of drugs , violence , and other dangers . ''", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "List_of_Boston_Bruins_general_managers", "score": 0.7232168912887573, "text": "The Boston Bruins , a professional ice hockey team based in Boston , Massachusetts , has had eight general managers in its team history . The franchise is a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The franchise was founded in 1924 and entered the NHL as the first American-based expansion team , playing its initial seasons at the still-active Boston Arena . It is an Original Six team , along with the Toronto Maple Leafs , Detroit Red Wings , New York Rangers , Montreal Canadiens and Chicago Blackhawks . Its home arena is the 17,565-person capacity TD Garden , where it has played since 1995 , after leaving the Boston Garden .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "North_Station", "score": 0.722445547580719, "text": "North Station is a major transportation hub located at Causeway and Nashua Streets in Boston , Massachusetts , United States . It is one of the city 's two inbound terminals for Amtrak and MBTA Commuter Rail trains , the other being South Station . The main concourse of North Station is located at the street level immediately below TD Garden , a major sports venue in Boston that is home to the Boston Bruins hockey team and the Boston Celtics basketball team . The arena is also used for rock concerts and other events , taking advantage of the extensive transportation connections at the site .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "1985–86_Boston_Celtics_season", "score": 0.721684455871582, "text": "In 1985 -- 86 , the Boston Celtics won 67 games , going 40 -- 1 at home ( 37 -- 1 at the Boston Garden , 3 -- 0 at the Hartford Civic Center ) , which would be tied 30 years later by the San Antonio Spurs in 2016 , and were one win shy of tying their franchise record of 68 wins set in 1972 -- 73 . Larry Bird won his third consecutive MVP award and Bill Walton won the Sixth Man of the Year Award . McHale missed an 18-game stretch during the season due to injury , and during his absence the Celtics record was 15 -- 3 . They won their 16th championship and the last for 22 years , defeating the Houston Rockets in six games in the NBA Finals , and had won 82 combined regular season and playoff games , a record that stood until the Chicago Bulls did it 10 years later . The team 's season roster is featured in the video games NBA 2K16 and NBA 2K17 .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "2016–17_Boston_Celtics_season", "score": 0.7148041129112244, "text": "The 2016 -- 17 Boston Celtics season was the 71st season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The team obtained the No. 1 seed in the Eastern Conference for the first time since 2008 when they won the NBA title . At 53 -- 29 , they finished with the lowest winning percentage of a No. 1 seed since the Detroit Pistons in 2007 . In the playoffs , the Celtics defeated the Chicago Bulls in the First Round in six games , advancing to the Semifinals , where they then defeated the Washington Wizards in seven games , advancing to the Eastern Conference Finals , where they lost to the Cleveland Cavaliers in five games .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Boston_Bruins", "score": 0.7146569490432739, "text": "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team and is the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . Their home arena is the TD Garden , where they have played since 1995 . The Bruins began play in the NHL on December 1 , 1924 . The first facility to host them was what was then known as the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) -- the world 's oldest ( built 1909 -- 10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition -- and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "2015–16_Boston_Celtics_season", "score": 0.7073608636856079, "text": "The 2015 -- 16 Boston Celtics season was the 70th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The Celtics finished the year at 48 -- 34 , their best record since their 2011 -- 12 season and their first winning season since 2013 . Isaiah Thomas was voted to play in the 2016 NBA All-Star Game . For the second straight season under Brad Stevens , the Celtics qualified for the playoffs , this time as the number 5 seed . However , the Celtics once again did not make it out of the first round as they were stopped by the Atlanta Hawks in six games .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "2014–15_Boston_Celtics_season", "score": 0.7054520845413208, "text": "The 2014 -- 15 Boston Celtics season is the 69th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . On March 9 , 2015 , the Celtics passed the previous season 's win total of 25 with a 100 -- 90 win over the Miami Heat . On April 13 , 2015 , the Celtics qualified for the playoffs for the 7th time in the last 8 seasons and for the first time since 2012 -- 13 . Their season ended after being swept in the first round playoff series by the Cleveland Cavaliers .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Celtics–Lakers_rivalry", "score": 0.6987049579620361, "text": "The Celtics -- Lakers rivalry is a National Basketball Association ( NBA ) rivalry between the Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers . Both the Celtics and the Lakers are the two most storied franchises in the NBA , and the rivalry has been called the best in the NBA . The Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers have met a record 12 times in the NBA Finals , starting with their first Finals meeting in . They would both go on to dominate the league in the 1960s and 1980s , facing each other six times in the 1960s , three times in the 1980s as well as two times in the late 2000s . The rivalry had been less intense since the retirements of Magic Johnson and Larry Bird in the early 1990s , but in it was renewed as the Celtics , led by the big three of Paul Pierce , Kevin Garnett , Ray Allen , and the Lakers , led by NBA MVP Kobe Bryant met in the Finals for the first time since , with the Celtics winning the series 4 -- 2 . They met again in the 2010 NBA Finals , which the Lakers won in 7 games . The two teams have won the two highest numbers of championships , the Celtics 17 , the Lakers 16 ( 11 as the L.A. Lakers and 5 as the Minneapolis Lakers ) ; together , they account for 33 of the 71 championships in NBA history .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Celtics-Raptors_rivalry", "score": 0.6973674297332764, "text": "The Celtics -- Raptors rivalry is a National Basketball Association ( NBA ) rivalry between the Boston Celtics and the Toronto Raptors . Over the last two full seasons , plus the first third of this one , the Raptors hold a 7-3 advantage over the Celtics . Last night the Raptors beat the Celtics after a stirring comeback in the second half . At one point Toronto was down 16 points ( in the second quarter ) ; later they faced a nine-point deficit in the fourth . There were stretches that looked mighty grim . Until , that is , a couple of Raptors -- mainly DeMar DeRozan and Jonas Valanciunas , with an assist from Kyle Lowry -- decided to put the team on their metaphorical backs and save the day . Before the game , the word `` rivalry '' was tossed around -- mostly by reporters -- in relation to the nascent competitive grudge between Boston and Toronto . Both teams are in the Atlantic division ( which admittedly means nothing these days ) and both have been on similar ascendant timelines . The Raptors turnaround began in late 2013 , while the Celtics started their climb into relevance the following season . Both teams have respected and long ( ish ) tenured coaches -- Brad Stevens is in his fourth year in Boston , Dwane Casey working on his sixth in Toronto . Both , most importantly , have a solid identity and aspirations for greater success . ( And , it goes without saying , but : both have little chance of beating LeBron James and Cavaliers in any significant way as currently constructed . ) Category : Toronto Raptors Category : Boston Celtics", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Original_Celtics", "score": 0.6958065032958984, "text": "The Original Celtics were a barnstorming professional basketball team in the 1920s . There is no relation to the modern Boston Celtics . The Original Celtics are often credited with extending the reach of basketball across America and for establishing the importance of aggressive defensive play . As a group , the team was enshrined into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1959 . At various times in their existence , the team played in the ABL , the Eastern Basketball League and the Metropolitan Basketball League .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Celtics–Knicks_rivalry", "score": 0.6930446028709412, "text": "The Celtics -- Knicks rivalry is a National Basketball Association ( NBA ) rivalry between the Boston Celtics and the New York Knicks . The Celtics and Knicks are two of only three remaining charter franchises ( the other being the Golden State Warriors ) from the inaugural Basketball Association of America , which began operations in 1946 . The rivalry mirrors the fierce competition between the Boston and New York City sports teams , as evidenced by the Bruins-Rangers rivalry , Red Sox -- Yankees rivalry and Jets -- Patriots rivalry . Boston and New York City are only 190 miles apart , and both cities ' professional sports teams are among the most historic in professional sports history . The Celtics and Knicks were both established in 1946 as charter franchises of the Basketball Association of America , and are the two oldest teams still playing in their original city today .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Sports_in_Worcester,_Massachusetts", "score": 0.6913817524909973, "text": "Worcester , Massachusetts is home to minor league sports teams and NCAA Division 1 college and university sports , most notably The College of the Holy Cross . Other professional teams that have moved on from the city include the New England Blazers , a Major League Lacrosse team that played at the Worcester Centrum during the 1980s , the Bay State Bombardiers of the Continental Basketball Association , who played in the Worcester Memorial Auditorium from 1984 to 1986 , the Worcester Ice Cats , an American Hockey League franchise and developmental team for the National Hockey League 's St. Louis Blues who played in the DCU Center ( originally Worcester Centrum ) from 1994 to 2005 , and the Worcester Sharks , an American Hockey League franchise and developmental team for the NHL 's San Jose Sharks . Many historic and local sporting events have occurred in Worcester such as the first official Ryder Cup golf tournament at Worcester Country Club in 1927 .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Celtics–76ers_rivalry", "score": 0.6868008971214294, "text": "The Celtics -- 76ers rivalry is an National Basketball Association ( NBA ) rivalry between the Boston Celtics and the Philadelphia 76ers . The two teams have the most meetings in the NBA playoffs , playing each other in 19 series , with the Celtics winning 12 of them . The 76ers are considered to be the Celtics ' second greatest rival , after the Los Angeles Lakers .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
6744
The Ten Commandments is an epic film.
[ { "id": "The_Ten_Commandments_(1956_film)", "score": 0.7531421780586243, "text": "The Ten Commandments is a 1956 American biblical epic film produced , directed , and narrated by Cecil B. DeMille , shot in VistaVision ( color by Technicolor ) , and released by Paramount Pictures . The film is based on Prince of Egypt by Dorothy Clarke Wilson , Pillar of Fire by J.H. Ingraham , On Eagle 's Wings by A.E. Southon , and the Book of Exodus . The Ten Commandments dramatizes the biblical story of the life of Moses , an adopted Egyptian prince who becomes the deliverer of his real brethren , the enslaved Hebrews , and therefore leads the Exodus to Mount Sinai , where he receives , from God , the Ten Commandments . The film stars Charlton Heston in the lead role , Yul Brynner as Rameses , Anne Baxter as Nefretiri , Edward G. Robinson as Dathan , Yvonne De Carlo as Sephora , Debra Paget as Lilia , and John Derek as Joshua ; and features Sir Cedric Hardwicke as Sethi , Nina Foch as Bithiah , Martha Scott as Yoshebel , Judith Anderson as Memnet , and Vincent Price as Baka , among others . Filmed on location in Egypt , Mount Sinai and the Sinai Peninsula , the film was DeMille 's last and most successful work . It is a partial remake of his 1923 silent film of the same title , and features one of the largest sets ever created for a film . The film was released to cinemas in the USA on 5 October 1956 and , at the time of its release , was the most expensive film ever made . In 1957 , the film was nominated for seven Academy Awards including Best Picture , winning the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects ( John P. Fulton , A.S.C. ) . Charlton Heston was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture ( Drama ) for his role as Moses . Yul Brynner won the National Board of Review Award for Best Actor for his role as Rameses and his other roles in Anastasia and The King and I . It is also one of the most financially successful films ever made , grossing approximately $ 122.7 million at the box office during its initial release ; it was the most successful film of 1956 and the second-highest-grossing film of the decade . According to Guinness World Records , in terms of theatrical exhibition it is the seventh most successful film of all-time when the box office gross is adjusted for inflation . In 1999 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . The film was listed as the tenth best film in the epic genre . Network television has aired the film in prime time during the Passover/Easter season every year since 1973 . The last credited actor in the movie still alive is Joanna Merlin ." } ]
[ { "id": "The_Ten_Commandments_(miniseries)", "score": 0.7076997756958008, "text": "The Ten Commandments is a 2006 miniseries that dramatizes the biblical story of Moses . It ran on the ABC TV network . The series was filmed in Egypt , Mount Sinai , and the Sinai Peninsula .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Ten_Commandments", "score": 0.694220244884491, "text": "The Ten Commandments , also known as the Decalogue , are a set of biblical laws relating to ethics and worship , which play a fundamental role in Judaism , Christianity , and Islam . The commandments include instructions to worship only God , to honour one 's parents , and to keep the sabbath , as well as prohibitions against idolatry , blasphemy , murder , adultery , theft , dishonesty , and coveting . Different religious groups follow different traditions for interpreting and numbering them . The Ten Commandments appear twice in the Hebrew Bible , in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy . Modern scholarship has found likely influences in Hittite and Mesopotamian laws and treaties , but is divided over exactly when the Ten Commandments were written and who wrote them .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology", "score": 0.6859034299850464, "text": "The Ten Commandments are a series of religious and moral imperatives that are recognized as a moral foundation in several of the Abrahamic religions , including Catholicism . As described in the Old Testament books Exodus and Deuteronomy , the Commandments form part of a covenant offered by God to the Israelites to free them from the spiritual slavery of sin . According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church -- the official exposition of the Catholic Church 's Christian beliefs -- the Commandments are considered essential for spiritual good health and growth , and serve as the basis for Catholic social justice . A review of the Commandments is one of the most common types of examination of conscience used by Catholics before receiving the sacrament of Penance . The Commandments appear in the earliest Church writings ; the Catechism states that they have `` occupied a predominant place '' in teaching the faith since the time of Augustine of Hippo ( AD 354 -- 430 ) . The Church had no official standards for religious instruction until the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 ; evidence suggests the Commandments were used in Christian education in the early Church and throughout the Middle Ages , but with inconsistent emphasis . The lack of instruction in them by some dioceses formed the basis of one of the criticisms launched against the Church by Protestant reformers . Afterward , the first Church-wide catechism in 1566 provided `` thorough discussions of each commandment '' , but gave greater emphasis to the seven sacraments . The most recent Catechism devotes a large section to interpret each of the commandments . Church teaching of the Commandments is largely based on the Old and New Testaments and the writings of the early Church Fathers . In the New Testament , Jesus acknowledged their validity and instructed his disciples to go further , demanding a righteousness exceeding that of the scribes and Pharisees . Summarized by Jesus into two `` Great Commandments '' that teach love of God and love of neighbor , they instruct individuals on their relationships with both . The first three commandments demand respect for God 's name , observation of the Lord 's Day and prohibit the worship of other gods . The others deal with the relationships between individuals , such as that between parent and child ; they include prohibitions against lying , stealing , murdering , adultery and covetousness .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_religious_films", "score": 0.6779494881629944, "text": "This is a list of films with religious themes .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Epic_film", "score": 0.6755922436714172, "text": "Epic film is a style of filmmaking with large scale , sweeping scope , and spectacle . The usage of the term has shifted over time , sometimes designating a film genre and at other times simply synonymous with big budget filmmaking . Like epics in the classical literary sense it is often focused on a heroic character . An epic 's ambitious nature helps to set it apart from other types of film such as the period piece or adventure film . Epic historical films would usually take a historical or a mythic event and add an extravagant setting and lavish costumes , accompanied by an expansive musical score with an ensemble cast , which would make them among the most expensive of films to produce . The most common subjects of epic films are royalty , and important figures from various periods in world history .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "The_Ten_Commandments_(1945_film)", "score": 0.6742557883262634, "text": "The Ten Commandments ( Italian : I dieci comandamenti ) is a 1945 Italian drama film directed by Giorgio Walter Chili . It features an ensemble of Italian actors in episodes based on the Ten Commandments . It was made during the German occupation of Rome , which brought a halt to all ongoing work at Italian film studios . Only two films made with Vatican support went into production at the time , providing employment for actors and technicians . The other film was Vittorio De Sica 's The Gates of Heaven . Their work on the films enabled them to refuse demands that they relocate north to work in the Venice-based film industry of the puppet Italian Social Republic . The lengthy production process meant that it was n't released until long after Rome had been liberated by Allied forces .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Ten_Commandments_(2007_film)", "score": 0.666111409664154, "text": "The Ten Commandments is a 2007 American computer animated film directed by John Stronach and Bill Boyce . The film was released to theaters on October 19 , 2007 and on DVD on February 5 , 2008 .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "The_Ten_Commandments:_The_Movie", "score": 0.6656586527824402, "text": "The Ten Commandments is a Brazilian movie of 2016 released by Rede Record in association with Paris Filmes . The film is an adaptation of the eponymous television series presented by Rede Record in 2015 , with new footage and different developments of which were shown in its last chapter on television . The adaptation was written by Vivian de Oliveira and directed by Alexandre Avancini , with the same cast as the soap opera . The film was widely released by Universal Church of the Kingdom of God ( UCKG ) , but a news report in São Paulo showed empty screening rooms at the premiere of the film , despite the tickets sold at the box office . It was reported that in Recife a single buyer associated with the UCKG bought all the tickets for all showings of the film in its first two weeks , more than 20,700 tickets . UCKG officially denied the negative reports about the film . During pre-order the film broke several records . In two weeks more than 2 million tickets were sold , and it was also shown at more screens in Brazil , over 1,000 , than any previous film . However , it was poorly received by critics . The UCKG was criticised for heavily promoting the film at their services , and asking those attending for money to buy tickets for those who could not afford them ; pastors at church services distributed envelopes with the Ten Commandments logo , and asked for them to be filled with money and returned to help the `` cause '' , interspersed with stressing the importance of tithing 10 % of salary , plus extra donations , every month .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Land_of_the_Pharaohs", "score": 0.648063063621521, "text": "Land of the Pharaohs is a 1955 American epic film in Cinemascope , directed and produced by Howard Hawks and starring Jack Hawkins as Pharaoh Khufu ( also known as Cheops ) and Joan Collins as his second wife Nellifer , in a fictional account of the building of the Great Pyramid . Novelist William Faulkner was one of the three screenwriters . The film literally had a cast of thousands ( Warner Bros. press office claimed there were 9,787 extras in one scene ) and was one of Hollywood 's largest-scale , ancient world epics , in the spirit of The Robe , The Ten Commandments , Ben Hur , and others . The film was shot on location in Egypt and in Rome 's Titanus studios .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Dekalog", "score": 0.6435775756835938, "text": "Dekalog ( -LSB- dɛˈkalɔg -RSB- , also known as Dekalog : The Ten Commandments and The Decalogue ) is a 1989 Polish television drama series directed by Krzysztof Kieślowski and co-written by Kieślowski with Krzysztof Piesiewicz , with music by Zbigniew Preisner . It consists of ten one-hour films , inspired by the Ten Commandments . Each short film explores one or several moral or ethical issues faced by characters living in an austere apartment block in modern Poland . The series is Kieślowski 's most acclaimed work , has been said to be `` the best dramatic work ever done specifically for television '' and has won numerous international awards , though it was not widely released outside Europe until the late 1990s . Filmmaker Stanley Kubrick wrote an admiring foreword to the published screenplay in 1991 .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "The_Bible_in_film", "score": 0.6394504308700562, "text": "Stories from the Bible have frequently been used in films . There are sound reasons for motion picture producers to turn to the Bible as source material . The stories , in the public domain , are already familiar to potential audiences . They contain sweeping , but relatively straightforward , narratives of good versus evil , and feature crowd-pleasing battles , sword fights , natural disasters , and miracles .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "The_Bible:_In_the_Beginning...", "score": 0.6363138556480408, "text": "The Bible : In the Beginning ... is a 1966 American-Italian religious epic film produced by Dino De Laurentiis and directed by John Huston . It recounts the first 22 chapters of the biblical Book of Genesis , covering the stories from Adam and Eve to the binding of Isaac . Released by 20th Century Fox , the film was photographed by Giuseppe Rotunno in Dimension 150 ( color by DeLuxe Color ) , a variant of the 70mm Todd-AO format . It stars Michael Parks as Adam , Ulla Bergryd as Eve , Richard Harris as Cain , John Huston as Noah , Stephen Boyd as Nimrod , George C. Scott as Abraham , Ava Gardner as Sarah , and Peter O'Toole as the Three Angels . In 1967 , the film 's score by Toshiro Mayuzumi was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score . The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures included the film in its `` Top Ten Films '' list of 1966 . De Laurentiis and Huston won David di Donatello Awards for Best Producer and Best Foreign Director , respectively .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "List_of_works_influenced_by_One_Thousand_and_One_Nights", "score": 0.6358416676521301, "text": "The Middle Eastern story collection One Thousand and One Nights has had a deep influence on culture around the world .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Vatican's_list_of_films", "score": 0.6351925730705261, "text": "In 1995 , on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of cinema , the Vatican compiled a list of 45 `` great films '' . The 45 movies are divided into three categories : religion , values , and art .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "The_Three_Musketeers_(1961_film)", "score": 0.6341202855110168, "text": "The Three Musketeers is a 1961 film adaptation of the novel by Alexandre Dumas , père which consists of two parts . The script keeps close to the classic French novel . The director treats all the classic characters with respect , not making fun of any of them , although there is humour when d'Artagnan rides his peculiar horse and when Planchet supplies wine for the heroes . The film 's remarkable location shots were made in Bois de Boulogne , around and in the Château de Guermantes in Seine-et-Marne and in Semur-en-Auxois ( department Côte-d'Or ) . The settings , costumes and props are very elaborate and provide the impression of historic accuracy . Bernard Borderie and his crew demonstrated here already the qualities which later contributed substantially to the success of his series of five costume drama films about Anne Golon 's heroine Angelique . Since Bernard Borderie had already made several Lemmy Caution films he was an expert for fighting scenes . In comparison to the likewise brilliant fencing the dancer Gene Kelly ( An American in Paris , Xanadu ) had provided as `` d'Artagnan '' in an earlier adaptation , the fencing in this film looks less like dancing and more dangerous . But of course Borderie also knew how to present a fist fight . When d'Artagnan defends Mme Bonacieux against a couple of the cardinal 's thugs , the director does not only use dramatic sound effects but furthermore lets Barray 's punches look more explosive by taking out frames very precisely when he is about to hit . He is also capable of making us believe an outnumbered man could really win the day if only certain circumstances are given , because in Borderie 's films the thugs are often so overly keen on decking the hero that they actually hinder each other to succeed .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "The_Shepherd_King", "score": 0.6333849430084229, "text": "The Shepherd King is a 1923 American silent religious film produced and distributed by the Fox Film Corporation . It is based on the 1904 Broadway play The Shepherd King by Wright Lorimer ( 1874-1911 ) and Arnold Reeves ( 1870-1935 ) . Top Fox director J. Gordon Edwards shot the movie , a sumptuous production for sure , with a primarily Italian cast and he filmed in Middle Eastern countries such as Palestine , Jerusalem and Egypt . The resulting movie was festooned with too many intertitles , had a nearly all foreign cast who most Americans did n't know and also came up against direct competition from Cecil B. DeMille 's The Ten Commandments ( 1923 ) which told much the same story .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "The_Great_Commandment", "score": 0.6331721544265747, "text": "The Great Commandment is a 1939 American Christian film directed by Irving Pichel , which portrays the conversion to Christianity of a young Zealot , Joel , and the Roman soldier Longinus through the teachings of Jesus in his Parable of the Good Samaritan . It was co-produced by Rev. James K. Friedrich and released by Cathedral Films in 1939 . Its theatrical release was in 1941 by Twentieth Century Fox .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "King_of_Kings_(1961_film)", "score": 0.6329128742218018, "text": "King of Kings is a 1961 American Biblical epic film made by Samuel Bronston Productions and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . Directed by Nicholas Ray , the film is a dramatization of the story of Jesus Christ from his birth and ministry to his crucifixion and resurrection , with much dramatic license .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Ten_Commandments_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6322372555732727, "text": "The Ten Commandments are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship , which play a fundamental role in Judaism and most forms of Christianity . Ten Commandments may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "The_Nth_Commandment", "score": 0.6293758153915405, "text": "The Nth Commandment is a 1923 silent drama film directed by Frank Borzage and starring Colleen Moore . It is based on a story , The Nth Commandment , by Fannie Hurst , a well-known novelist of the day . The film 's title jests somewhat Cecil B. DeMille 's upcoming epic The Ten Commandments ( 1923 ) which was released later that same year . An incomplete copy of the film is in the Library of Congress collection .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
226034
Tetris has sold millions of physical copies.
[ { "id": "Tetris", "score": 0.7951690554618835, "text": "Tetris ( , pronounced -LSB- ˈtɛtrʲɪs -RSB- ) is a tile-matching puzzle video game , originally designed and programmed by Russian game designer Alexey Pajitnov . It was released on June 6 , 1984 , while he was working for the Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre of the Academy of Science of the USSR in Moscow . He derived its name from the Greek numerical prefix tetra - ( all of the game 's pieces contain four segments ) and tennis , Pajitnov 's favorite sport . Tetris was the first entertainment software to be exported from the USSR to the US , where it was published by Spectrum HoloByte for Commodore 64 and IBM PC . The Tetris game is a popular use of tetrominoes , the four-element special case of polyominoes . Polyominoes have been used in popular puzzles since at least 1907 , and the name was given by the mathematician Solomon W. Golomb in 1953 . However , even the enumeration of pentominoes is dated to antiquity . The game ( or one of its many variants ) is available for nearly every video game console and computer operating system , as well as on devices such as graphing calculators , mobile phones , portable media players , PDAs , Network music players and even as an Easter egg on non-media products like oscilloscopes . It has even inspired Tetris serving dishes and been played on the sides of various buildings . While versions of Tetris were sold for a range of 1980s home computer platforms as well as arcades , it was the hugely successful handheld version for the Game Boy launched in 1989 that established the game as one of the most popular ever . Electronic Gaming Monthly '' 's 100th issue had Tetris in first place as `` Greatest Game of All Time '' . In 2007 , Tetris came in second place in IGN 's `` 100 Greatest Video Games of All Time '' . In January 2010 , it was announced that the Tetris franchise had sold more than 170 million copies , approximately 70 million physical copies and over 100 million copies for cell phones , making it the best selling paid-downloaded game of all time . On 14 March 2014 , The Tetris Company announced a deal to bring Tetris '' to two of the latest hardware platforms , the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 , in partnership with Ubisoft ( publishing ) and SoMa Play ( development ) , to coincide with the franchise 's 30th anniversary ." } ]
[ { "id": "Tetris_(Atari)", "score": 0.7281334400177002, "text": "Tetris ( styled TETЯIS ) is a puzzle game developed by Atari Games and originally released for arcades in 1988 . Based on Alexey Pajitnov 's Tetris , Atari 's version features the same gameplay as the computer editions of the game , as players must stack differently shaped falling blocks to form and eliminate horizontal lines from the playing field . The game features several difficulty levels and two-player simultaneous play . Atari later ported the game to the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) and released an unlicensed NES version in 1989 under its Tengen brand . However , there were issues with the title 's publishing rights . After much legal wrangling , Nintendo itself ended up with the rights to publish console versions of Tetris , leaving Atari with only the rights to arcade versions . As a result , the Tengen game was only on the shelf for four weeks before Atari was legally required to recall the game and destroy any remaining inventory of its NES version . Nintendo produced its own version for the Game Boy as well as the NES . Both versions were commercially successful and Nintendo held the Tetris license for many years . With less than 100,000 copies known to exist , the Tengen release has since become a collector 's item , due to its short time on the market . Various publications have since noted that Tengen 's Tetris was in some ways superior to the official NES release , especially since the Tengen game featured a two-player simultaneous mode not available in Nintendo 's game .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "List_of_best-selling_Game_Boy_video_games", "score": 0.7228721380233765, "text": "The best-selling video game of all-time on the Game Boy and Game Boy Color is Tetris . First released in Japan on June 14 , 1989 , Tetris was often released as a pack-in game for the original Game Boy , and went on to sell in excess of 35 million units worldwide . The second best-selling Game Boy games are Pokémon Red , Green and Blue , which sold over 31 million units combined , followed by the best-selling Game Boy Color games Pokémon Gold and Silver , which sold over 23 million units in total . The top five is rounded out by the platform 's first Super Mario title , Super Mario Land , which sold over 18 million copies worldwide , and Pokémon Yellow , which has sold over 14 million units in total . A total of 53 Game Boy and Game Boy Color games sold one million units or more . Of those , 19 titles were developed by internal Nintendo divisions . Aside from these , the developers with the most million-selling titles are Game Freak , Rare and Tose , with five games each in the top 53 . Nintendo published 44 of these 53 games . Other publishers with multiple million-selling entries include Konami ( three games ) , Bandai and Enix ( two games each ) . The most popular franchises on Game Boy are Pokémon ( 84.54 million combined units ) , Tetris ( 38.12 million combined units ) , Super Mario ( 34.39 million combined units ) , Donkey Kong ( 12.55 million combined units ) and Kirby ( 10.91 million combined units ) .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Tetris_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.7191852927207947, "text": "Tetris is the Soviet tile-matching puzzle video game released in June 1984 . Tetris may also refer to other variations of the 1984 game : Tetris ( Atari ) , 1988 version developed by Atari Games , released for arcade and the NES Tetris ( Game Boy ) , 1989 version released for the Game Boy Tetris ( Electronic Arts ) , 2006 version released by Electronic Arts for multiple platforms Tetris ( Nintendo 3DS ) , 2011 version also known as Tetris : Axis , released for the Nintendo 3DS", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Tetris_2_(1993_video_game)", "score": 0.7166933417320251, "text": "Tetris 2 ( known in Japan as Tetris Flash テトリスフラッシュ ) is a video game published in 1993 and 1994 by Nintendo for the Game Boy , Nintendo Entertainment System and Super Nintendo Entertainment System .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "The_Tetris_Company", "score": 0.7005500793457031, "text": "The Tetris Company , LLC ( TTC ) is based in Hawaii and is owned by Henk Rogers and Alexey Pajitnov . The company is the exclusive licensee of Tetris Holding LLC , the company that owns Tetris rights worldwide and the Tetris Company licenses the Tetris brand to third parties .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Tetris_DS", "score": 0.6889104247093201, "text": "is a Touch ! Generations puzzle game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS . THQ announced Tetris DS before E3 2005 , and scheduled it to make an appearance at the show . However , the company decided to cancel the game , and Nintendo released their own make of Tetris DS in March 2006 . Part of the Tetris game series , the game supports up to ten players locally ( with just one Nintendo DS game cartridge ) and supported two or four player battle modes online with the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service ( this service has since been discontinued for all Nintendo DS games as of May 2014 ) . Tetris DS features several new modes of play , each with a different Nintendo theme . Themes include Super Mario Bros. , The Legend of Zelda , Metroid , Balloon Fight , Donkey Kong , and Yoshi 's Cookie . Multiplayer gameplay also incorporates items to be used competitively .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Tetris_Dekaris", "score": 0.6839197874069214, "text": "Tetris Dekaris or Giant Tetris is an arcade game released in Japan by Sega that features a giant version of the classic game Tetris . The arcade cabinet features two giant vibrating joysticks with the right joystick being slightly lower than the left one . The playing field is 6 cells wide by 7 cells high as opposed to almost universal 10 cells wide by 20 high . The game can be played with up to two players . Category :2009 video games Category : Arcade games", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Tetris_2_(1990_video_game)", "score": 0.6758198738098145, "text": "Tetris 2 is a 1990 video game by František Fuka ( Fuxoft ) . It is inspired by a Soviet game Tetris . It is considered to be the most successful game developed by Fuka .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Tetris_Friends", "score": 0.6736443042755127, "text": "Tetris Friends is an online Tetris game developed by Tetris Online , Inc. . Registered users are able to compare their scores with their friends and with the entire community . It is the only official Flash implementation of Tetris made by the Tetris company itself . It at the time was the only official tetris platform that had advertisements played before a match Tetris Friends has over a million registered users . Tetris Friends features 6 single player modes and 5 multiplayer modes . Coins are earned for playing any of the games modes . The coins can be used to unlock new skins and Tetrimino styles . The version available on Facebook only has 4 of the modes available on the official website and it has no coin system , but it does feature a special mode available only on Facebook . All game modes except Tetris 1989 and N-Blox use the SRS rotational system , feature the hold function which allows players to save a block for future use , and have a four Tetrimino preview that allows players to see the next few upcoming blocks .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Tetris_effect", "score": 0.6723124980926514, "text": "The Tetris effect ( also known as Tetris Syndrome ) occurs when people devote so much time and attention to an activity that it begins to pattern their thoughts , mental images , and dreams . It takes its name from the video game Tetris . People who played Tetris for a prolonged amount of time could find themselves thinking about ways different shapes in the real world can fit together , such as the boxes on a supermarket shelf , the buildings on a street , or hallucinating pieces being generated and falling into place on an invisible layout . In this sense , the Tetris effect is a form of habit . They might also dream about falling tetrominos when drifting off to sleep or see images of falling tetrominos at the edges of their visual fields or when they close their eyes . In this sense , the Tetris effect is a form of hypnagogic imagery .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Elektronorgtechnica", "score": 0.6695902943611145, "text": "Elektronorgtechnica ( also spelled Electronorgtechnica , Электроноргтехника ) , better known abbreviated as ELORG , is the former Soviet state owned organization on export and import of computer hardware and software . It was controlled by the Ministry of Foreign Trade . ELORG was responsible for the licensing and development of the popular video game Tetris . As the game was owned by the state ( Tetris was written by salaried programmers at the Soviet Academy of Sciences ) , all rights to the game worldwide were handled by ELORG . The company was also associated with the export of Soviet design calculators , Electronika being one brand that was exported , rebranding them as ELORG products . ELORG is now reportedly a privatised Russian company which has retained the rights to the `` Tetris '' trademark . ELORG was a partner in The Tetris Company which licences the Tetris name to game companies , along with Tetris creator Alexey Pajitnov and businessman Henk Rogers . The Tetris Company has since acquired full control over the Tetris mark . Tetris has evolved into one of the most timeless video games of the century . It can be played on nearly every video game console and computer operating system . Its legacy spans beyond the scope of its time , era , and graphics - the unique puzzle-like nature of the game has allowed it to stand the test of time and generations alike as it is a game of the ages still being reproduced for modern systems . Tetris , itself , was developed by a Russian computer engineer named Alexey Pajitnov in June 1984 during his employment at the Soviet Academy of Sciences . The name Tetris was derived from the words `` tetromino '' and `` tennis . '' As for the Russians in later years , no one made big money from Tetris except for the Soviet government . As the USSR broke up , the people at ELORG and the Academy scattered across the country .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "The_New_Tetris", "score": 0.6687138676643372, "text": "The New Tetris is a puzzle video game for the Nintendo 64 . The game was developed by H2O Entertainment and published by Nintendo , based on the latter 's popular Tetris series . The game was originally released on July 31 , 1999 , in North America . The game is notable for showing scenic fly-bys of famous structures ( for examples the Sphinx , the Pantheon , Saint Basil 's Cathedral , a Mayan temple , and others ) rendered in realtime . This is relatively difficult for the Nintendo 64 hardware to accomplish at the quality that is achieved . The New Tetris also features a multiplayer mode with up to four players and an ethnically themed electronic dance music soundtrack by Neil Voss , who also composed the award-winning music for Tetrisphere .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Tetri", "score": 0.6667028665542603, "text": "Tetri is a fractional currency used in the country of Georgia . It was put into circulation in 1995 . The name tetri ( `` white '' ) was adopted from the term describing golden , silver or copper coins known in ancient and medieval Georgia . The plural of the term `` tetri '' is `` tetrebi . '' However , the Georgian language uses the singular form when the quantity is specified , so in practice the plural of `` tetri '' is just `` tetri . '' 100 tetri = 1 lari .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_video_games", "score": 0.665502667427063, "text": "The best-selling video game of all-time on Sony 's original PlayStation console is Gran Turismo . A sim racing game developed by Polyphony Digital , Gran Turismo was originally released in Japan on December 23 , 1997 , and went on to sell 10.85 million copies worldwide . The second game in the series , 1999 's Gran Turismo 2 , sold 9.37 million units to become the third best-selling PlayStation game of all-time . The second best-selling title on the console is Final Fantasy VII , which sold just shy of 10 million units . Tekken 3 is the fourth best-selling PlayStation game , with over 8.3 million units sold , while Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone is fifth . A total of 110 PlayStation games have sold one million units or more . Of those , 41 titles were published in one or more territory by Sony Computer Entertainment ( SCEI ) . Other publishers with multiple million-selling games include Electronic Arts ( 13 games ) , Capcom ( nine games ) , Eidos Interactive and Namco ( seven games each ) . The developer with the most games to sell a million copies or more is Square , with ten titles in the list of 110 . The most popular franchise on PlayStation is Tomb Raider ( 25.9 million combined units ) , followed by Final Fantasy ( 24.15 million units ) , Crash Bandicoot ( 21.79 million units ) and Gran Turismo ( 20.22 million units ) . As of March 31 , 2007 , a total of 962 million units of PlayStation software had been shipped worldwide .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Tetris_Plus", "score": 0.6639556288719177, "text": "is a puzzle video game developed by Natsume and published by Jaleco for arcades exclusively in Japan in 1996 , and was ported to the Game Boy , Sega Saturn , and PlayStation later that year . The game would be followed by a sequel , Tetris Plus 2 , in 1997 . There was supposed to be a port on the Nintendo 64 , however that version was never released .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Tetris_(Game_Boy)", "score": 0.6627873778343201, "text": "is a puzzle video game for the Game Boy released in 1989 . It is a portable version of Alexey Pajitnov 's original Tetris and it was bundled in the North American and European releases of the Game Boy itself . It was the first game compatible with the Game Link Cable , a pack-in accessory that allowed two Game Boys to link together for multiplayer purposes . A colorized remake of the game was released on the Game Boy Color entitled . A Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console version of Tetris was released in December 2011 and lacks the multiplayer functionality . It was delisted from the Nintendo eShop after December 31 , 2014 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_commercial_failures_in_video_gaming", "score": 0.6616414785385132, "text": "As a hit-driven business , the great majority of the video games industry 's software releases have been commercial failures . In the early 21st century , industry commentators made these general estimates : 10 % of published games generated 90 % of revenue ; that around 3 % of PC games and 15 % of console games have global sales of 100,000 + a year , with even this level insufficient to make high-budget titles profitable ; and that about 20 % of games make a profit . Some of these have drastically changed the video game market since its birth in the late 1970s . For example , the failures of E.T. and Pac-Man for the Atari 2600 contributed to the video game crash of 1983 . Some games , despite being commercial failures , are well received by certain groups of gamers and are considered cult games . Many of these games live on through emulation .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "3D_Tetris", "score": 0.6591053009033203, "text": "3D Tetris is a puzzle video game developed by Technology and Entertainment Software and published by Nintendo . It was initially released for the Virtual Boy on March 22 , 1996 in North America only . The game allows players to control multiple falling blocks , rotating and positioning them to clear layers in a `` Well '' . The game is similar to other Tetris games , but uses a three-dimensional playing field as opposed to the traditional two-dimensional view . The game contains multiple modes and gametypes , as well as different difficulty settings and levels , which change different aspects of the gameplay . Parts of 3D Tetris , such as the blocks , are rendered as 3D wire-frame models . A version of the game entitled , meaning literally Polygonal Block , was to be released in February 1996 in Japanese markets , but never emerged . The game received a range of negative and positive reviews .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Tetris_Blitz", "score": 0.6589157581329346, "text": "Tetris Blitz is a variant of Tetris published by Electronic Arts . Category : Tetris", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Tetris_Ultimate", "score": 0.656607985496521, "text": "Tetris Ultimate is a puzzle video game developed by SoMa Play and published by Ubisoft . Ubisoft partnered with The Tetris Company to develop the game to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Tetris franchise .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
40190
Cyndi Lauper won the Best New Artist award at the 27th Grammy Awards in 1985.
[ { "id": "Cyndi_Lauper", "score": 0.7181520462036133, "text": "Cynthia Ann Stephanie `` Cyndi '' Lauper ( born June 22 , 1953 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress and LGBTQ activist . Her career has spanned over 30 years . Her debut solo album She 's So Unusual ( 1983 ) was the first debut female album to chart four top-five hits on the Billboard Hot 100 -- `` Girls Just Want to Have Fun '' , `` Time After Time '' , `` She Bop '' , and `` All Through the Night '' -- and earned Lauper the Best New Artist award at the 27th Grammy Awards in 1985 . Her success continued with the soundtrack for the motion picture The Goonies and her second record True Colors ( 1986 ) . This album included the number one single `` True Colors '' and `` Change of Heart '' , which peaked at number 3 . Since 1989 , Lauper has released nine studio albums and participated in many other projects . In 2010 , Memphis Blues , became Billboard 's most successful blues album of the year , remaining at # 1 on the Billboard Blues Albums chart for 13 consecutive weeks . In 2013 , Lauper won the Tony Award for Best Original Score for composing the Broadway musical Kinky Boots , making her the first woman to win the category by herself . The musical was awarded five other Tonys including Tony Award for Best New Musical . In 2014 , Lauper was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album for the cast recording . In 2016 , the West End production won Best New Musical at the Olivier Awards Lauper has established herself as a pop culture icon selling over 50 million records and 20 million singles . She has won awards at the Grammys , Emmys , Tonys , the New York 's Outer Critics Circle , MTV Video Music Awards ( VMAs ) , Billboard Awards , and American Music Awards ( AMAs ) . An inductee into both the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Hollywood Walk of Fame , Lauper is one of the few singers to win three of the four major American entertainment awards ( EGOT ) . Lauper won the inaugural Best Female Video prize at the 1984 VMAs for Girls Just Want To Have Fun . This music video is recognized by MTV , VH1 and Rolling Stone Magazine as one of the greatest ever music videos of the era . She is featured in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum 's Women Who Rock exhibit . Her debut album is included in Rolling Stone '' 's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , while Time After Time is included in Vh1 's list of the 100 Best Songs of the Past 25 years . VH1 has ranked Lauper No. 58 of the 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll '' . Lauper has been celebrated for her humanitarian work , particularly as an advocate for LGBT rights in the United States . Her charitable efforts were acknowledged in 2013 when the singer was invited as a special guest to attend US President Barack Obama 's second-term inaugural ." } ]
[ { "id": "American_Music_Awards_of_2000", "score": 0.656587541103363, "text": "The 27th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 17 , 2000 .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Grammy_Award_for_Best_New_Artist", "score": 0.6393618583679199, "text": "The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "MTV_Video_Music_Award_Japan_for_Best_New_Artist", "score": 0.6303814649581909, "text": "Best New Artist", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "She's_So_Unusual", "score": 0.6253563165664673, "text": "She 's So Unusual is the debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Cyndi Lauper , released on October 14 , 1983 by Portrait Records . The album was re-released in 2014 to commemorate its 30th anniversary , and was called She 's So Unusual : A 30th Anniversary Celebration . The re-release contains demos and remixes of previously released material , as well as new artwork . In 1978 , Lauper formed the band Blue Angel . The band soon signed a recording contract with Polydor Records ; however , their debut album , Blue Angel , was a commercial failure . The band parted ways after firing their manager , who sued Lauper for $ 80,000 and forced her into bankruptcy . Lauper went on to sing in many New York night clubs , and caught the eye of David Wolf , who became her manager and subsequently got her signed to Portrait Records . The album is primarily new wave-based , with many of the songs being influenced by synthpop and pop rock . Upon its release , the album received positive reviews from music critics , who noted Lauper 's unique vocals . Lauper earned several awards and accolades for the album , including two Grammy Awards at the 27th Grammy Awards , one of which was for Best New Artist . She 's So Unusual peaked at number four on the Billboard 200 chart and stayed in the chart 's top forty for 65 weeks . It has sold over 6 million copies in the United States and 16 million copies worldwide . This makes it Lauper 's best-selling album to date and one of the best-selling albums of the 1980s . The album ranked at # 487 on Rolling Stone 's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2003 , and ranked at # 41 on Rolling Stone 's list of Women Who Rock : The 50 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2012 . Seven singles were released from the album , with `` Girls Just Want to Have Fun '' becoming a worldwide hit and her first song to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 . `` Time After Time '' became her first number-one hit on the chart and experienced similar success worldwide . Lauper found success with the next two singles as well , with both `` She Bop '' and `` All Through the Night '' peaking in the top five . This makes Lauper the first female singer to have four top five singles on the Hot 100 from one album . She 's So Unusual was promoted by the Fun Tour throughout 1983 and 1984 .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_New_Artist", "score": 0.6242610216140747, "text": "The MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist have been given out since the first annual MTV Video Music Awards in 1984 . From then to 2006 , the award was named Best New Artist in a Video . In 2007 its name was changed to Best New Artist , as the category underwent a format change to award the artist 's body of work for the full year rather than a specific video . For the 2008 ceremony , though , while the award retained its 2007 name , it returned to the format of awarding a specific video rather than the artist 's full body of work . The category was later renamed Artist to Watch through 2013 to 2015 while still keeping the format of an award going to a certain video . Five artists who won the award , Eurythmics , Nirvana , Eminem , Avenged Sevenfold and Gym Class Heroes , were technically ineligible since the winning song did not come off of their respective debut records , which were released in 1981 , 1989 , 1996 , 2001 and 2004 , respectively . Justin Bieber is the youngest artist to win this award or any Video Music Award at the age of 16 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "49th_Annual_Grammy_Awards", "score": 0.6190135478973389, "text": "The 49th Annual Grammy Awards was a ceremony honoring the best in music for the recording year beginning September 15 , 2005 and ending September 14 , 2006 in the United States . The awards were handed out on Sunday , February 11 , 2007 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles . The Dixie Chicks were the night 's biggest winners winning a total of five awards . Mary J. Blige received the most nominations , with eight . Don Henley was honored as MusiCares Person of the Year two nights prior to the show on February 9 , 2007 . The show won an Emmy for Outstanding Lighting Direction ( electronic , multicamera ) for VMC Programming .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Country_Music_Association_Award_for_Entertainer_of_the_Year", "score": 0.6185035109519958, "text": "The Country Music Association Awards is a major awards show in country music , with the highest honor being the award for entertainer of the year . In 1972 , Loretta Lynn became the first female artist to be honored with this award . Since then , only 6 female artists have ever won this award . Along with Loretta Lynn , Dolly Parton , Barbara Mandrell , Reba McEntire , Shania Twain and Taylor Swift are the six female artists to win entertainer of the year ( however , all-female group the Dixie Chicks have also received the honor ) , with Barbara Mandrell and Taylor Swift being the only female artists to ever win it twice .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "41st_Annual_Grammy_Awards", "score": 0.6178810000419617, "text": "The 41st Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 24 , 1999 at Shrine Auditorium , Los Angeles . They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 1998 . Lauryn Hill was the main recipient , winning a total of 5 awards including Album of the Year and Best New Artist . Her album was the first Hip Hop act ever to win the coveted award . Also the ceremony was known as the `` Grammy Year of Women '' , every artist nominated for Album of the Year were all female ( including Garbage , with Shirley Manson as the headsinger ) . Madonna won four awards while musicians the Dixie Chicks , Vince Gill , Alanis Morissette & Shania Twain won two apiece . Celine Dion also received two awards both for `` My Heart Will Go On '' , which received a total of four awards . It is widely remembered for Ricky Martin 's performance of `` La Copa De La Vida '' / `` The Cup of Life '' .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "44th_Annual_Grammy_Awards", "score": 0.6146255135536194, "text": "The 44th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 27 , 2002 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , California . The main recipient was Alicia Keys , winning five Grammys , including Best New Artist and Song of the Year for `` Fallin ' '' . U2 won four awards including Record of the Year and Best Rock Album .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Memphis_Blues_(album)", "score": 0.6130996942520142, "text": "Memphis Blues is the tenth studio album by American singer Cyndi Lauper . Regarded as a continuation of her 2008 comeback the album was a nominee for the Grammy Awards 2010 and was released on June 22 , 2010 . According to the Brazilian daily newspaper O Globo , the album had sold 600,000 copies worldwide by November 2010 . Memphis Blues was voted the 7th best album of 2010 by the New York Post , and it went on to become Billboard 's biggest selling blues album of 2010 . To support the album , Lauper made her biggest tour ever , the Memphis Blues Tour , which had more than 140 shows and covered every continent of the world except , obviously , Antarctica .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "American_Music_Awards_of_1985", "score": 0.6108383536338806, "text": "The 12th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 28 , 1985 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "True_Colors_(Cyndi_Lauper_album)", "score": 0.6057125329971313, "text": "True Colors is the second album by American pop singer Cyndi Lauper , released on September 15 , 1986 . The album produced several hits as `` True Colors '' , `` Change of Heart '' , and `` What 's Going On '' reached the top twenty of the Billboard Hot 100 , with the first two becoming top 5 hits . Upon its release , the album received generally positive reviews from music critics . The album earned Lauper several awards and accolades , including two nominations at the 29th Grammy Awards . True Colors peaked at number four on the Billboard 200 chart .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_Song", "score": 0.6051560044288635, "text": "The Grammy Award for Best Country Song ( sometimes known as the Country Songwriter 's Award ) has been awarded since 1965 . The award is given to the writer ( s ) of the song , not to the artist , except if the artist is also the songwriter . There have been several minor changes to the name of the award : From 1965 to 1968 it was known as Best Country & Western Song From 1969 to 1983 it was awarded as Best Country Song In 1984 it was awarded as Best New Country Song From 1985 to the present it has again been awarded as Best Country Song Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for music released in the previous year .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "27th_Young_Artist_Awards", "score": 0.6047233939170837, "text": "The 27th Young Artist Awards ceremony , presented by the Young Artist Association , honored excellence of young performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film and television for the year 2005 , and took place on March 25 , 2006 at the Sportsmen 's Lodge in Studio City , Los Angeles , California . Established in 1978 by long-standing Hollywood Foreign Press Association member , Maureen Dragone , the Young Artist Association was the first organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television , theater and music .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Britney_Spears", "score": 0.6046885848045349, "text": "Britney Spears is an American singer and actress . Her debut studio album ... Baby One More Time was released by Jive Records in 1999 . The album spawned songs such as '' ... Baby One More Time '' , `` Sometimes '' and `` Born To Make You Happy '' . Spears earned Grammy nominations for the Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance categories in 2000 , eventually winning her first Grammy award in 2005 for her single `` Toxic '' in the Best Dance Recording category . As `` Pop 's Ultimate Femme Fatale '' , she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at age 21 , the youngest recording artist in history to receive the honour . In 2002 Spears topped the Forbes Celebrity 100 list and in 2012 she was named by Forbes as The Top-Earning Women in Music . Spears received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards . In 2016 , she was awarded the Billboard Millennium Award . Among others , she was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award at the 2009 Teen Choice Awards and first ever Icon award given at the 2017 Radio Disney Music Awards . Spears ' accolades include one Grammy Award , seven Guinness Book of World Records , six MTV Video Music Awards , eight MTV Europe Music Awards , one American Music Award , seven Billboard Music Awards , three NRJ Music Awards , three World Music Awards , one MTV Asia Awards , one MTV Australia Awards , one MTV Video Music Brasil , nine Teen Choice Awards , two Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Award , six People 's Choice Awards , among others . Spears has topped the list of most searched celebrities seven times in 12 years , a record since the inception of the internet .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Beyoncé", "score": 0.6046813726425171, "text": "Beyoncé is an American singer , songwriter , actress , and entrepreneur . Throughout the course of her solo career , Beyoncé has won 24 MTV Video Music Awards , making her the most-awarded artist in the award show history . Beyoncé is also the most-awarded artist at the BET Awards and the Soul Train Awards . With a total of 22 awards and 62 nominations from the Grammy Awards for her music ( as a solo artist and with Destiny 's Child ) , she is the most nominated woman and the second most-awarded woman in Grammy history . In 2007 , Beyoncé received the International Artist of Excellence award by the American Music Awards . The following year , she received the Legend Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Arts at the World Music Awards . At the 2011 Billboard Music Awards , Beyoncé received the inaugural Billboard Millennium Award . Beyoncé received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards and the CFDA Fashion Icon Award in 2016 . In 2017 , Beyoncé won a Peabody Award for Entertainment . Although music is her primary source of accomplishment she has also received nominations and awards for other successes in retail , image , philanthropy , film , and television , including four Primetime Emmy Award nominations and a nomination for a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy for her role in the movie Dreamgirls .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Alison_Krauss", "score": 0.6046748757362366, "text": "Alison Maria Krauss ( born July 23 , 1971 ) is an American bluegrass-country singer and musician . She entered the music industry at an early age , winning local contests by the age of ten and recording for the first time at fourteen . She signed with Rounder Records in 1985 and released her first solo album in 1987 . She was invited to join the band with which she still performs , Alison Krauss and Union Station ( AKUS ) , and later released her first album with them as a group in 1989 . She has released fourteen albums , appeared on numerous soundtracks , and helped renew interest in bluegrass music in the United States . Her soundtrack performances have led to further popularity , including the O Brother , Where Art Thou ? soundtrack , an album also credited with raising American interest in bluegrass , and the Cold Mountain soundtrack , which led to her performance at the 2004 Academy Awards . As of 2016 , she has won 27 Grammy Awards from 42 nominations , tying her with Quincy Jones as the most awarded living recipient , second only to classical conductor Georg Solti , who holds the record for most wins with 31 . She is the most awarded singer and the most awarded female artist in Grammy history . At the time of her first , the 1991 Grammy Awards , she was the second-youngest winner ( currently tied as the ninth-youngest ) .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "47th_Annual_Grammy_Awards", "score": 0.6021583080291748, "text": "The 47th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 13 , 2005 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles . They were hosted by Queen Latifah , and televised in the United States by CBS . They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year . Ray Charles , whom the event was dedicated in memory of , posthumously won five Grammy Awards while his album , Genius Loves Company , won a total of eight . Usher received eight nominations and won three including Best Contemporary R&B Album for his diamond selling album Confessions . Britney Spears received her first Grammy of Best Dance Recording for her 2004 smash hit `` Toxic '' .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "53rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards", "score": 0.6018556356430054, "text": "The 53rd Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 13 , 2011 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles . They were broadcast on CBS with a rating of 26.6 million viewers . Barbra Streisand was honored as the MusiCares Person of the Year two nights prior to the telecast on February 11 . Nominations were announced on December 1 , 2010 and a total of 109 awards were presented . Most of the awards were presented during the pre-telecast , which took place at the Los Angeles Convention Center next to the Staples Center , where the main telecast took place . The eligibility period was September 1 , 2009 to September 30 , 2010 . For the third year , nominations were announced on prime-time television as part of `` The GRAMMY Nominations Concert Live ! -- Countdown to Music 's Biggest Night '' a one-hour special broadcast live on CBS from Club Nokia at L.A. Live . Arcade Fire won Album of the Year for The Suburbs becoming the first indie act to do so , and surprising many viewers and critics . Baba Yetu composed and arranged by Christopher Tin won Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist ( s ) , is the first Grammy given to a piece of music written for a Video Game . Esperanza Spalding was awarded Best New Artist . Lady Antebellum won five awards including Record of the Year and Song of the Year for `` Need You Now '' . Other multiple winners include : David Frost , John Legend , Lady Gaga , Jay-Z , and Jeff Beck with three awards each . The Black Keys , Eminem , Herbie Hancock , Alicia Keys , The Roots , Christopher Tin and BeBe Winans won two awards each . The television broadcast of the 53rd Grammy Awards marked the last awards show for the Grammy 's executive producer , John Cossette , before his death on April 26 , 2011 .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "43rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards", "score": 0.6014638543128967, "text": "The 43rd Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 21 , 2001 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , California . Several artists earned three awards on the night : Steely Dan 's haul included Album of the Year for Two Against Nature ; U2 took home the Record of the Year and Song of the Year for Beautiful Day ; Dr. Dre won Producer of the Year , Non-Classical & Best Rap Album for Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP ; Eminem himself also received three awards , out of four nominations ; Faith Hill took home Best Country Album for the album Breathe , Best Female Country Vocal Performance for the song 's title track and for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals with Tim McGraw for `` Let 's Make Love '' .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
76253
There is a movie called The Hunger Games.
[ { "id": "The_Hunger_Games_(film)", "score": 0.7962174415588379, "text": "The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins . It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , with a screenplay by Ross , Collins , and Billy Ray . The film stars Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Lenny Kravitz , Stanley Tucci , and Donald Sutherland . The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem , where boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 must take part in the Hunger Games , a televised annual event in which the `` tributes '' are required to fight to the death until there is only one survivor . Katniss Everdeen ( Lawrence ) volunteers to take her younger sister 's place . Joined by her district 's male tribute , Peeta Mellark ( Hutcherson ) , Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under the guidance of former victor Haymitch Abernathy ( Harrelson ) . Development of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force , which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier . Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay . The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow . The main characters were cast between March and May 2011 . Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011 , with filming taking place in North Carolina . The Hunger Games was shot entirely on film as opposed to digital . The film was released on March 21 , 2012 , in some European countries and in the US on March 23 , 2012 , in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters . Japan received it last , on September 28 . When the film released , it set records for opening day ( $ 67.3 million ) and opening weekend for a non-sequel . At the time of its release , the film 's opening weekend gross ( $ 152.5 million ) was the third-largest of any movie in North America . It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends . The film was a massive box-office success by grossing over $ 694 million worldwide against its budget of $ 78 million , making it the third-highest-grossing film in the United States and ninth-highest-grossing worldwide of 2012 . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 18 , 2012 . With 7,434,058 units sold , the DVD was the best-selling DVD of 2012 . A sequel , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , was released on November 22 , 2013 , in the United States . The Hunger Games received positive reviews from critics , with praise for its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of Katniss , though there was criticism of the film 's use of shaky cam in the action sequences . Like the novel , the film has been noted for its similarities to other works , such as Robert Sheckley 's short story `` Seventh Victim '' and its Italian film adaptation The 10th Victim , the Japanese novel Battle Royale and its film adaptation , and the Shirley Jackson short story `` The Lottery '' , with some criticizing The Hunger Games for being derivative of such works . Collins stated in an interview that her novel and screenplay drew on sources of inspiration such as the myth of Theseus , Roman gladiatorial games , reality television , and the desensitization of viewers to media coverage of real-life tragedy and war , not to think as just an audience member , `` Because those are real people on the screen , and they 're not going away when the commercials start to roll . '' The song `` Safe & Sound '' won a Grammy Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song . For her performance , Lawrence won the Saturn Award for Best Actress , the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie , the Empire Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress ." } ]
[ { "id": "List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Hunger_Games_film_series", "score": 0.7514213919639587, "text": "The Hunger Games film series consists of four science-fiction adventure films based on The Hunger Games novels by the American author Suzanne Collins . The four films , entitled The Hunger Games , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 and The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 , were released serially worldwide between March 2012 and 2015 . The first one was directed by Gary Ross , while the other three were directed by Francis Lawrence . Distributed by Lionsgate and produced by Nina Jacobson , it stars Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson and Liam Hemsworth as the three leading characters , Katniss Everdeen , Peeta Mellark and Gale Hawthorne , respectively . Every film was a financial success and achieved blockbuster status . The Hunger Games grossed over $ 694 million worldwide against its budget of $ 78 million , making it the third-highest-grossing film in the United States , only behind The Avengers and The Dark Knight Rises , and ninth-highest-grossing worldwide of 2012 . The Hunger Games : Catching Fire topped the highest-grossing film at the domestic box office of 2013 . It also grossed over $ 865 million worldwide and is currently the highest-grossing entry in The Hunger Games series . The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 ranked second at the domestic office of 2014 , grossing $ 337 million , while over $ 755 million worldwide . Part 2 has grossed $ 281 million in North America , with a total of $ 652 million worldwide . Overall , the film series received positive reception from critics . The Hunger Games scored a 84 % rating based on a sample of 277 reviews on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes with an average of 7.2 / 10 . The second entry performed even better with critics , garnering an approval rating of 89 % , with an average of 7.5 / 10 . The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 scored a 65 % rating based on 237 reviews , while Part 2 had a 70 % rating , with average of 6.5 / 10 , based on 231 reviews . The Hunger Games film series received awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , screenplay and the performances of Jennifer Lawrence . As of February 2016 , it has received a total of 55 awards from 140 nominations . The series won nine MTV Movie Awards out of twenty-six nominations , seven People 's Choice Awards out of eight nominations and received three Grammy Awards and Golden Globe Awards nominations , winning a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media for `` Safe & Sound '' .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "The_Hunger_Games_(novel)", "score": 0.7511204481124878, "text": "The Hunger Games is a 2008 dystopian novel by the American writer Suzanne Collins . It is written in the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen , who lives in the future , post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North America . The Capitol , a highly advanced metropolis , exercises political control over the rest of the nation . The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl aged 12 -- 18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death . The book received mostly positive responses from major reviewers and authors . It was praised for its plot and character development . In writing The Hunger Games , Collins drew upon Greek mythology , Roman gladiatorial games , and contemporary reality television for thematic content . The novel won many awards , including the California Young Reader Medal , and was named one of Publishers Weeklys `` Best Books of the Year '' in 2008 . The Hunger Games was first published in hardcover on September 14 , 2008 , by Scholastic , featuring a cover designed by Tim O'Brien . It has since been released in paperback and also as an audiobook and ebook . After an initial print of 200,000 , the book had sold 800,000 copies by February 2010 . Since its release , The Hunger Games has been translated into 26 languages , and publishing rights have been sold in 38 territories . The novel is the first in The Hunger Games trilogy , followed by Catching Fire ( 2009 ) and Mockingjay ( 2010 ) . A film adaptation , directed by Gary Ross and co-written and co-produced by Collins herself , was released in 2012 .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "The_Hunger_Games_(film_series)", "score": 0.7385386824607849, "text": "The Hunger Games film series consists of four science fiction dystopian adventure films based on The Hunger Games trilogy of novels , by the American author Suzanne Collins . Distributed by Lionsgate and produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , it stars Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss Everdeen , Josh Hutcherson as Peeta Mellark , Woody Harrelson as Haymitch Abernathy , Elizabeth Banks as Effie Trinket , Philip Seymour Hoffman as Plutarch Heavensbee , Stanley Tucci as Caesar Flickerman , Donald Sutherland as President Snow and Liam Hemsworth as Gale Hawthorne . Gary Ross directed the first film , while Francis Lawrence directed the next three films . The first three films set records at the box office . The Hunger Games ( 2012 ) set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film . The Hunger Games : Catching Fire ( 2013 ) set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November . The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 ( 2014 ) had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014 . The films , including The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 ( 2015 ) , received a positive reception from critics , with praise aimed at its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of the main protagonist , Katniss Everdeen . The Hunger Games is the 16th highest-grossing film franchise of all time , having grossed over US$ 2.9 billion worldwide .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "The_Hunger_Games", "score": 0.7350688576698303, "text": "The Hunger Games is a trilogy of young adult dystopian novels written by American novelist Suzanne Collins . The series is set in The Hunger Games universe , and follows young characters Katniss Everdeen and Peeta Mellark . The novels in the trilogy are titled The Hunger Games ( 2008 ) , Catching Fire ( 2009 ) , and Mockingjay ( 2010 ) . The novels have all been developed into films , with the film adaptation of Mockingjay split into two parts . The first two books in the series were both New York Times best sellers , and Mockingjay topped all US bestseller lists upon its release . By the time the film adaptation of The Hunger Games was released in 2012 , the publisher had reported over 26 million Hunger Games trilogy books in print , including movie tie-in books . The Hunger Games universe is a dystopia set in Panem , a country consisting of the wealthy Capitol and 12 districts in varying states of poverty . Every year , children from the districts are selected to participate in a compulsory annual televised death match called The Hunger Games . The novels were all well received . In August 2012 , the series ranked second , beaten only by the Harry Potter series in NPR 's poll of the top 100 teen novels , which asked voters to choose their favorite young adult books . On August 17 , 2012 , Amazon announced The Hunger Games trilogy as its top seller , surpassing the record previously held by the Harry Potter series . , the trilogy has sold more than 65 million copies in the U.S. alone ( more than 28 million copies of The Hunger Games , more than 19 million copies of Catching Fire , and more than 18 million copies of Mockingjay ) . The Hunger Games trilogy has been sold into 56 territories in 51 languages to date .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "The_Hunger_Games:_Mockingjay_–_Part_1", "score": 0.7221777439117432, "text": "The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 is a 2014 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Francis Lawrence with a screenplay by Peter Craig and Danny Strong . It is the first of two films based on Suzanne Collins ' novel Mockingjay , the final book in The Hunger Games trilogy , and the third installment in The Hunger Games film series , produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik and distributed by Lionsgate . The film features an ensemble cast that includes Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Julianne Moore , Philip Seymour Hoffman , Jeffrey Wright , Stanley Tucci , and Donald Sutherland . Principal photography for both parts of the film began on September 23 , 2013 , in Atlanta , before moving to Paris for two weeks of filming and officially concluding on June 20 , 2014 , in Berlin . The story continues to follow Katniss Everdeen ; having twice survived the Hunger Games , Katniss finds herself in District 13 . Under the leadership of President Coin and the advice of her trusted friends , Katniss reluctantly becomes the symbol of a mass rebellion against the Capitol and fights to save Peeta and a nation moved by her courage . It is the sequel to The Hunger Games : Catching Fire and was followed by the concluding entry , The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 . Mockingjay -- Part 1 was released on November 21 , 2014 in the United States . Like its predecessors , the film was a commercial success grossing $ 55 million on its opening day , making it the largest opening day of 2014 and the sixth-largest in November . The film went to the No. 1 spot during its opening weekend with a $ 273.8 million worldwide gross , becoming the biggest opening of 2014 and marking The Hunger Games film series as the only franchise to have three films earn over $ 100 million in a weekend . The film earned over $ 755 million worldwide , making it the second highest-grossing entry in The Hunger Games series . Part 1 received positive reviews from critics , who commended its acting and political subtext , but received criticism for its lack of action and for splitting the novel into two separate adaptations . It is the lowest-rated Hunger Games film of the franchise according to review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes . The film had garnered a nomination for Best Science Fiction Film at the 41st Saturn Awards . For her performance , Lawrence received a nomination for Best Actress in an Action Movie at the 20th Critics ' Choice Awards and a Saturn Award nomination . The song `` Yellow Flicker Beat '' also received a nomination for Best Original Song at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards and Critics ' Choice Awards .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "The_Hunger_Games:_Mockingjay_–_Part_2", "score": 0.7020456194877625, "text": "The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 is a 2015 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Francis Lawrence , with a screenplay by Peter Craig and Danny Strong . It is the fourth and final installment in The Hunger Games film series , and the second of two films based on the novel Mockingjay , the final book in The Hunger Games trilogy , by Suzanne Collins . Produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , and distributed by Lionsgate , the film features an ensemble cast that includes Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Julianne Moore , Philip Seymour Hoffman ( in his final film role ) , and Donald Sutherland . Principal photography on both parts of the film began on September 23 , 2013 in Atlanta , before moving to Paris for two weeks of back-to-back filming and officially concluding on June 20 , 2014 , in Berlin and at Babelsberg Studios , Germany . The story continues from The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 with Katniss Everdeen ( Jennifer Lawrence ) preparing to win the war against President Snow ( Donald Sutherland ) and the tyrannical Capitol . Together with Peeta , Gale , Finnick , and others she travels to the Capitol to kill Snow . However , President Coin ( Julianne Moore ) , the leader of District 13 and the rebellion , hides a bigger agenda that could not only jeopardize Katniss ' life , but the future of Panem . Mockingjay -- Part 2 was released on November 20 , 2015 in the United States , in 2D and IMAX , and internationally in 2D , 3D , RealD Cinema , and IMAX 3D in select territories ; it 's the only film in the series widely released in 3D . Falling below expectations internationally and domestically with a $ 102.7 million gross during its opening weekend in North America , the film had the sixth-biggest opening in 2015 , but held at number one at the international box-office for four consecutive weekends . The film grossed over $ 653 million worldwide , making it the lowest-grossing of the four films in the franchise , but still a commercial success . Part 2 was positively received by critics for its performances , screenplay , and action sequences , though it was criticized for splitting the final adaptation into two separate parts . The film had garnered a nomination for Best Fantasy Film at the 42nd Saturn Awards . For her part , Lawrence was awarded as the Favorite Movie Actress at the 2016 Kids ' Choice Awards and Best Hero at the 2016 MTV Movie Awards .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Hunger_Games_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.7015771269798279, "text": "The Hunger Games is a trilogy of adventure novels by Suzanne Collins . The Hunger Games may also refer to : The Hunger Games ( novel ) , the first novel in the trilogy The Hunger Games ( film series ) , the film series based on the novels The Hunger Games ( film ) , the first film in the series The Hunger Games , the annual competition that is central subject of the series The Hunger Games universe , the fictional universe in which the trilogy is set", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Katniss_Everdeen", "score": 0.6983320713043213, "text": "Katniss Everdeen is a fictional character and the protagonist of The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins . Her name comes from a plant with edible tubers called Sagittaria ( katniss ) , from Sagittarius the Archer , whose name means He that throws arrows in Latin . She is portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence in the film adaptations The Hunger Games , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 , and The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 . Katniss and her family come from District 12 , a coal-mining district that is the poorest and least populated district in the dystopian fictional autocratic nation of Panem . In the course of the first book , The Hunger Games , Katniss volunteers to replace her sister , Primrose `` Prim '' Everdeen , after she is reaped ( chosen ) to compete in the Hunger Games , a televised fight to the death . Katniss , following an alliance with Rue , a young tribute from District 11 who reminded Katniss of Prim but died in the arena , joins up with fellow District 12 tribute Peeta Mellark . The pair compete in the Games together . Katniss uses her knowledge of hunting and archery to survive , and the two become the victors after defying the Capitol 's attempt to force one to kill the other . Throughout the next two novels , Catching Fire and Mockingjay , Katniss becomes a galvanizing symbol of rebellion against the oppressive Capitol .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "The_Hunger_Games:_Catching_Fire", "score": 0.6867719292640686, "text": "The Hunger Games : Catching Fire is a 2013 American dystopian science fiction adventure film based on Suzanne Collins ' dystopian novel , Catching Fire ( 2009 ) , the second installment in The Hunger Games trilogy . The film is the sequel to The Hunger Games ( 2012 ) and the second installment in The Hunger Games film series , produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , and distributed by Lionsgate . Francis Lawrence directed the film , with a screenplay by Simon Beaufoy and Michael Arndt . Adding to the existing cast , the supporting cast was filled out with Philip Seymour Hoffman , Jeffrey Wright , Jena Malone , Sam Claflin , Lynn Cohen , Amanda Plummer , Alan Ritchson , and Meta Golding . Filming began on September 10 , 2012 , in Atlanta , Georgia , before moving to Hawaii . The plot of Catching Fire takes place a few months after the previous installment ; Katniss Everdeen and fellow District 12 tribute Peeta Mellark have returned home safely after winning the 74th Annual Hunger Games . Throughout the story , Katniss senses that a rebellion against the oppressive Capitol is simmering throughout the districts . The Hunger Games : Catching Fire was released on November 15 , 2013 , in Brazil ; November 20 in Finland , Sweden , and Norway ; November 21 in the United Kingdom ; and November 22 in IMAX , in the United States . The film set records for the biggest November opening weekend and biggest three - and five-day Thanksgiving box-office totals , surpassing the first film 's box office grosses . It ranks as the 14th highest-grossing film at the domestic box office and the highest-grossing film at the domestic box office of 2013 , becoming the first 2-D film since The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) to top the yearly box office , as well as having a lead female top the box office since The Exorcist ( 1973 ) . The film has grossed over $ 865 million worldwide and is the highest-grossing entry in The Hunger Games series . The film was followed by The Hunger Games : Mockingjay , a two-part sequel and finale of the franchise : Part 1 was released on November 21 , 2014 , in the United States , and Part 2 on November 20 , 2015 . Catching Fire received mostly positive reviews and is widely considered by critics to be an improvement over its predecessor , with the sentiment being that it 's `` a more-confident , more-polished movie '' ; praise also goes to Lawrence 's performance as Katniss . It 's the most critically acclaimed chapter in The Hunger Games series , according to review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes . The film also received numerous nominations , with a nomination for the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Action Film and a Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . For her performance , Lawrence was nominated a second time for the Empire Award for Best Actress as well as the Saturn Award and Broadcast Film Critics Association Award . The song `` Atlas '' was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media and a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "List_of_The_Hunger_Games_cast_members", "score": 0.6822627782821655, "text": "This list of cast members contains actors who portray characters appearing in the The Hunger Games film series based on the book series by Suzanne Collins .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Catching_Fire", "score": 0.6805464625358582, "text": "Catching Fire is a 2009 science fiction young adult novel by the American novelist Suzanne Collins , the second book in The Hunger Games trilogy . As the sequel to the 2008 bestseller The Hunger Games , it continues the story of Katniss Everdeen and the post-apocalyptic nation of Panem . Following the events of the previous novel , a rebellion against the oppressive Capitol has begun , and Katniss and fellow tribute Peeta Mellark are forced to return to the arena in a special edition of the Hunger Games . The book was first published on September 1 , 2009 , by Scholastic , in hardcover , and was later released in ebook and audiobook format . Catching Fire received mostly positive reviews , with reviewers praising Collins ' prose , the book 's ending , and the development of Katniss 's character . According to critics , major themes of the novel include survival , authoritarianism , rebellion and interdependence versus independence . The book has sold more than 19 million copies in the U.S. alone . A film adaptation , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , was released on November 22 , 2013 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Peeta_Mellark", "score": 0.6698394417762756, "text": "Peeta Mellark is a fictional character from The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins . He is portrayed by actor Josh Hutcherson in The Hunger Games film series . Peeta is the male tribute representing District 12 in the 74th annual Hunger Games , alongside female tribute Katniss Everdeen ( portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence ) . Together , they defy the rule that the Games may only have one victor , unintentionally inciting a rebellion against the authoritarian government of Panem .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Fictional_universe_of_The_Hunger_Games", "score": 0.6672577261924744, "text": "The Hunger Games universe is a fictional world appearing in The Hunger Games trilogy written by Suzanne Collins . It consists primarily of the fictional nation of Panem , its Capitol where the totalitarian government resides , and the outlying districts , numbered 1 to 12 , each with a different economy . In addition , there is the secretive District 13 , where a rebel force is building strength . The Hunger Games themselves are an annual event in which citizens from the districts , selected through a process called `` reaping '' , are forced to participate in a battle to the death . The universe also contains fictional flora and fauna , such as the Mockingjay , a bird whose mimicry is used as a plot device , and after whom the third book in the series is named .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Mockingjay", "score": 0.6619977355003357, "text": "Mockingjay is a 2010 science fiction novel by American author Suzanne Collins . It is the last installment of The Hunger Games , following 2008 's The Hunger Games and 2009 's Catching Fire . The book continues the story of Katniss Everdeen , who agrees to unify the districts of Panem in a rebellion against the tyrannical Capitol . The hardcover and audiobook editions of Mockingjay were published by Scholastic on August 24 , 2010 , six days after the ebook edition went on sale . The book sold 450,000 copies in the first week of release , exceeding the publisher 's expectations . It received a generally positive reaction from critics . The novel was adapted into two films , with The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 released in November 2014 and The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 released a year later .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Jennifer_Lawrence", "score": 0.6469336748123169, "text": "Jennifer Lawrence is an American actress who has received various awards and nominations , including one Academy Award , one BAFTA Award , three Golden Globe Awards , four Critics ' Choice Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , seven MTV Movie Awards , five People 's Choice Awards , and five Teen Choice Awards . After playing minor roles in several films and television shows , Lawrence starred in her first major role on the TBS sitcom The Bill Engvall Show ( 2007 -- 09 ) , which earned her a Young Artist Award for Outstanding Young Performer in a TV Series . In 2008 , she won the Premio Marcello Mastroianni at the 65th Venice International Film Festival for the drama The Burning Plain . For her breakout role in the 2010 acclaimed independent drama Winter 's Bone , she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . The film also garnered her Best Actress nominations from the Hollywood Foreign Press , BAFTA , SAG and Critics ' Choice award ceremonies , and won a Breakthrough Performance Award from the National Board of Review . In 2011 , she received several nominations for her portrayal of Mystique in X-Men : First Class , including the People 's Choice and Teen Choice Awards ceremonies . Lawrence won several awards for both her 2012 releases . For her performance in the comedy-drama Silver Linings Playbook , she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Comedy , the SAG Award for Outstanding Lead Actress and the Academy Award for Best Actress , becoming the second youngest winner in the category . The same year , she won the Saturn Award for Best Actress , the Empire Award for Best Actress , the MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance and the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie for portraying the heroine Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games . The following year , her performance in American Hustle ( 2013 ) won her the Golden Globe and BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actress and garnered her a nomination for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . From 2013 -- 15 , she received several awards and nominations for her performances in the other three films in The Hunger Games series , including the MTV Best Female Performance Award for Catching Fire , and three Critics Choice nominations for each films . The role of Katniss Everdeen made Guinness World Records to recognise Lawrence as the highest-grossing action heroine of all time . Her reprisal of Mystique in X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) earned her two People 's Choice Awards for Favorite Actress and Favorite Action Movie Actress . In 2015 , she starred as the eponymous inventor in the biopic Joy , which won her third Golden Globe Award in the Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical category and another Academy Award for Best Actress nomination , making her the youngest person to receive four Oscar nominations .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "List_of_Survivor_(U.S._TV_series)_tribes", "score": 0.6374565362930298, "text": "Survivor is an American reality television game show which strands between 16 and 20 players , depending on the season , in a remote location divided into two to four teams called tribes . Depending on the season , tribes are usually given a machete , a pot , water canteens , and a special water well created for the show . This well holds brackish water that the players need to boil prior to drinking , forcing tribes to make fire on their own or to win ( as a reward ) the tools needed to make fire . Tribes are encouraged to build shelters to protect themselves from the elements and to forage on the local flora and fauna for nourishment . In some seasons , tribes have started with food supplies ( typically rice ) provided by the show , while other seasons have given the tribes no additional help at the start of the game . Each tribe is given a unique name and color . Each player is given an elastic buff patterned with their tribe color and the logo for the current season . Players are required to wear their colored buff in a visible location at all times and must relinquish their old buff and obtain a new one if , as part of game play , they are switched from one tribe to another . Over the course of the show , the tribes compete against each other to win rewards and immunity from elimination . Later in the game , all remaining tribes are merged into one tribe for the final section of the game and the contestants compete individually rather than in tribes . Initial tribe divisions have been made in several ways over the years . Early seasons tended to feature tribes divided based on a roughly equal distribution of age and gender within each tribe . Several seasons have featured tribes split by age , racial background , past game experience , moral reputation , family lines , personal traits , occupational class , and/or gender . Divisions are generally made in advance by production , however , four seasons ( Thailand , Palau , Fiji , and Gabon ) have had the tribes formed during the first episode of the season . Tribes are given unique names and identifying tribe colors which are used on tribe flags , challenge courses , on-screen text and various other items .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "The_Hunger_Games:_Mockingjay", "score": 0.6349631547927856, "text": "The Hunger Games : Mockingjay may refer to : The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 , the first part of the two-part film . The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 , the second part of the two-part film . Mockingjay , the Suzanne Collins novel upon which both aforementioned films are based . Category : The Hunger Games ( film series ) Category : The Hunger Games", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Kara_Petersen", "score": 0.6317620277404785, "text": "Kara Petersen is an American stunt actress best known for her portrayal of the District 6 female tribute in the 2012 film , The Hunger Games , as well as several appearances in Disney and Nickelodeon sitcoms . She currently has been credited over 70 times since the start of her career . Petersen stands at four feet eleven inches , which has led her to be a double for many child actors . She has a background in both gymnastics and dancing , where she has also appeared as a gymnast and a body double in films and television about the sport .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "The_Hunger_Games:_Mockingjay,_Part_1_–_Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack", "score": 0.6316167116165161, "text": "The Hunger Games : Mockingjay , Part 1 -- Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the official soundtrack to the 2014 American science-fiction adventure film The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 curated by Lorde . The film is an adaptation of the 2010 novel by Suzanne Collins and is the third installment in the The Hunger Games film series .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "The_Maze_Runner_(film)", "score": 0.6294934153556824, "text": "The Maze Runner is a 2014 American dystopian science fiction action thriller film directed by Wes Ball , in his directorial debut , based on James Dashner 's 2009 novel of the same name . The film is the first installment in The Maze Runner film series and was produced by Ellen Goldsmith-Vein , Wyck Godfrey , Marty Bowen , and Lee Stollman with a screenplay by Noah Oppenheim , Grant Pierce Myers and T.S. Nowlin . The film stars Dylan O'Brien , Kaya Scodelario , Aml Ameen , Thomas Brodie-Sangster , Ki Hong Lee , Will Poulter , and Patricia Clarkson . The story follows sixteen-year-old Thomas , portrayed by O'Brien , who awakens in a rusty elevator with no memory of who he is , only to learn he 's been delivered to the middle of an intricate maze , along with a large number of other boys , who have been trying to find their way out of the ever-changing labyrinth -- all while establishing a functioning society in what they call the Glade . Development of The Maze Runner began in January 2011 when Fox purchased the film rights to Dashner 's novel with film studios Temple Hill Entertainment and TSG Entertainment . Principal photography began in Baton Rouge , Louisiana on May 13 , 2013 and officially concluded on July 12 , 2013 . The Maze Runner was released on September 19 , 2014 in the United States by 20th Century Fox . The film received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics , who considered it better than most young adult book-to-film adaptations , though the ending and the lack of plot clarity received some criticism . The film was also a commercial success , as it topped the box-office during its opening weekend with a $ 32.5 million debut , making it the seventh-highest grossing debut in September . The film earned over $ 348 million worldwide at the box-office , against its budget of $ 34 million . A sequel , Maze Runner : The Scorch Trials , was released on September 18 , 2015 in the United States .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
188923
Ryan Gosling has been to a country in Africa.
[ { "id": "Chad", "score": 0.6006671786308289, "text": "Chad ( -LSB- tʃæd -RSB- تشاد ; Tchad -LSB- tʃa ( d ) -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Chad ( ; `` Republic of the Chad '' ) , is a landlocked country in Central Africa . It is bordered by Libya to the north , Sudan to the east , the Central African Republic to the south , Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest and Niger to the west . It is the fifth largest country in Africa in terms of area . Chad has several regions : a desert zone in the north , an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south . Lake Chad , after which the country is named , is the largest wetland in Chad and the second-largest in Africa . The capital N'Djamena is the largest city . Chad 's official languages are Arabic and French . Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups . The religions of Chad are Islam ( at 55 % ) , followed by Christianity ( at 40 % ) . Beginning in the 7th millennium BC , human populations moved into the Chadian basin in great numbers . By the end of the 1st millennium BC , a series of states and empires had risen and fallen in Chad 's Sahelian strip , each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the region . France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa . In 1960 , Chad obtained independence under the leadership of François Tombalbaye . Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of a long-lasting civil war in 1965 . In 1979 the rebels conquered the capital and put an end to the south 's hegemony . However , the rebel commanders fought amongst themselves until Hissène Habré defeated his rivals . He was overthrown in 1990 by his general Idriss Déby . Since 2003 the Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation , with hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees living in and around camps in eastern Chad . Unsustainable high birth rates and a lack of agriculture let the country persist in poverty . While many political parties are active , power lies firmly in the hands of President Déby and his political party , the Patriotic Salvation Movement . Chad remains plagued by political violence and recurrent attempted coups d'état . Chad is one of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world ; most inhabitants live in poverty as subsistence herders and farmers . Since 2003 crude oil has become the country 's primary source of export earnings , superseding the traditional cotton industry ." }, { "id": "Ryan_Gosling", "score": 0.7234783172607422, "text": "Ryan Thomas Gosling ( born November 12 , 1980 ) is a Canadian actor and musician . He began his career as a child star on the Disney Channel 's Mickey Mouse Club ( 1993 -- 95 ) and went on to appear in other family entertainment programs including Are You Afraid of the Dark ? ( 1995 ) and Goosebumps ( 1996 ) . His first starring film role was as a Jewish neo-Nazi in The Believer ( 2001 ) , and he went on to star in several independent films , including Murder by Numbers ( 2002 ) , The Slaughter Rule ( 2002 ) , and The United States of Leland ( 2003 ) . Gosling came to the attention of a wider audience in 2004 with a leading role in the commercially successful romantic drama The Notebook . His performance as a drug-addicted teacher in Half Nelson ( 2006 ) was nominated for an Academy Award and his performance as a socially inept loner in Lars and the Real Girl ( 2007 ) was nominated for a Golden Globe Award . After a three-year acting hiatus , Gosling starred in the marital drama Blue Valentine ( 2010 ) , earning him a second Golden Globe nomination . Gosling co-starred in three mainstream films in 2011the romantic comedy-drama Crazy , Stupid , Love , the political drama The Ides of March , and the action thriller Driveand received two more Golden Globe nominations . Gosling 's directorial debut Lost River was released in 2014 to poor reviews . Greater success came to Gosling when he starred in two critically acclaimed filmsthe financial comedy-drama The Big Short ( 2015 ) and the musical La La Land ( 2016 ) . For the latter , he won a Golden Globe Award and received a second Oscar nomination . Gosling 's band , Dead Man 's Bones , released their self-titled debut album and toured North America in 2009 . He is a co-owner of Tagine , a Moroccan restaurant in Beverly Hills , California . He is a supporter of PETA , Invisible Children and the Enough Project and has traveled to Chad , Uganda and eastern Congo to raise awareness about conflicts in the regions ." } ]
[ { "id": "Mali", "score": 0.628739595413208, "text": "Mali ( -LSB- ˈmɑːli -RSB- -LSB- maˈli -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Mali ( République du Mali ) , is a landlocked country in West Africa . Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa , with an area of just over 1240000 sqkm . The population of Mali is 14.5 million . Its capital is Bamako . Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert , while the country 's southern part , where the majority of inhabitants live , features the Niger and Senegal rivers . The country 's economy centers on agriculture and fishing . Some of Mali 's prominent natural resources include gold , being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent , and salt . About half the population lives below the international poverty line of $ 1.25 ( U.S. ) a day . A majority of the population ( 90 % ) are Muslims . Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade : the Ghana Empire , the Mali Empire ( for which Mali is named ) , and the Songhai Empire . During its golden age , there was a flourishing of mathematics , astronomy , literature , and art . At its peak in 1300 , the Mali Empire covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France and stretched to the west coast of Africa . In the late 19th century , during the Scramble for Africa , France seized control of Mali , making it a part of French Sudan . French Sudan ( then known as the Sudanese Republic ) joined with Senegal in 1959 , achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation . Shortly thereafter , following Senegal 's withdrawal from the federation , the Sudanese Republic declared itself the independent Republic of Mali . After a long period of one-party rule , a coup in 1991 led to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic , multi-party state . In January 2012 , an armed conflict broke out in northern Mali , in which Tuareg rebels took control of by April and declared the secession of a new state , Azawad . The conflict was complicated by a military coup that took place in March and later fighting between Tuareg and Islamist rebels . In response to Islamist territorial gains , the French military launched Opération Serval in January 2013 . A month later , Malian and French forces recaptured most of the north . Presidential elections were held on 28 July 2013 , with a second round run-off held on 11 August , and legislative elections were held on 24 November and 15 December 2013 .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Zambia", "score": 0.6285322308540344, "text": "Zambia ( -LSB- ˈzæmbiə -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zambia , is a landlocked country in Southern Africa , neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Tanzania to the north-east , Malawi to the east , Mozambique , Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia to the south , and Angola to the west . The capital city is Lusaka , in the south-central part of Zambia . The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest , the core economic hubs of the country . Originally inhabited by Khoisan peoples , the region was affected by the Bantu expansion of the thirteenth century . After visits by European explorers in the eighteenth century , Zambia became the British protectorate of Northern Rhodesia towards the end of the nineteenth century . For most of the colonial period , Zambia was governed by an administration appointed from London with the advice of the British South Africa Company . On 24 October 1964 , Zambia became independent of the United Kingdom and prime minister Kenneth Kaunda became the inaugural president . Kaunda 's socialist United National Independence Party ( UNIP ) maintained power from 1964 until 1991 . Kaunda played a key role in regional diplomacy , cooperating closely with the United States in search of solutions to conflicts in Rhodesia ( Zimbabwe ) , Angola , and Namibia . From 1972 to 1991 Zambia was a one-party state with the UNIP as the sole legal political party under the motto `` One Zambia , One Nation '' . Kaunda was succeeded by Frederick Chiluba of the social-democratic Movement for Multi-Party Democracy in 1991 , beginning a period of social-economic growth and government decentralisation . Levy Mwanawasa , Chiluba 's chosen successor , presided over Zambia from January 2002 until his death in August 2008 , and is credited with campaigns to reduce corruption and increase the standard of living . After Mwanawasa 's death , Rupiah Banda presided as Acting President before being elected President in 2008 . Holding office for only three years , Banda stepped down after his defeat in the 2011 elections by Patriotic Front party leader Michael Sata . Sata died on 28 October 2014 , the second Zambian president to die in office . Guy Scott served briefly as interim president until new elections were held on 20 January 2015 , in which Edgar Lungu was elected as the sixth President . In 2010 , the World Bank named Zambia one of the world 's fastest economically reformed countries . The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) is headquartered in Lusaka .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Politics_of_Sierra_Leone", "score": 0.6282157897949219, "text": "Sierra Leone is a country located in West Africa , known officially as the Republic of Sierra Leone .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_companies_of_South_Africa", "score": 0.6241298913955688, "text": "South Africa is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded on the south by 2,798 km of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans , on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana and Zimbabwe , and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland , and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho . South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area , and with close to 56 million people , is the world 's 24th-most populous nation . The World Bank classifies South Africa as an upper-middle-income economy , and a newly industrialised country . Its economy is the second-largest in Africa , and the 34th-largest in the world . In terms of purchasing power parity , South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa . However , poverty and inequality remain widespread , with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$ 1.25 a day . Nevertheless , South Africa has been identified as a middle power in international affairs , and maintains significant regional influence . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in South Africa '' .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "List_of_companies_of_Sudan", "score": 0.623225748538971, "text": "Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa , bordered by Egypt to the north , the Red Sea , Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east , South Sudan to the south , the Central African Republic to the southwest , Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest . In 2010 , Sudan was considered the 17th-fastest-growing economy in the world and the rapid development of the country largely from oil profits even when facing international sanctions was noted by The New York Times in a 2006 article . Because of the secession of South Sudan , which contained over 80 percent of Sudan 's oilfields , the economic forecast for Sudan in 2011 and beyond is uncertain .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_African_films_of_2014", "score": 0.6228487491607666, "text": "The film industries of the 54 countries that make up Africa produced over two hundred feature films in 2014 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by an African country . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2014 . Nor does it include films made in countries such as France , Spain or the United Kingdom , which though they have territories in Africa are primarily non-African states , unless they are co-productions with African countries . Also included is an overview of the major events in African film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that have been particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for the release of Timbuktu , the first Mauritanian film ever nominated for the Academy Award for best foreign language film .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Egypt", "score": 0.6220934391021729, "text": "Egypt ( -LSB- ˈiːdʒɪpt -RSB- ; مِصر , مَصر , Kimi ) , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba to the east , the Red Sea to the east and south , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan , and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia , although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt . Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country , emerging as one of the world 's first nation states in the tenth millennium BC . Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing , agriculture , urbanisation , organised religion and central government . Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx , as well the ruins of Memphis , Thebes , Karnak , and the Valley of the Kings , reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide . Egypt 's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity , which has endured , and at times assimilated , various foreign influences , including Greek , Persian , Roman , Arab , Ottoman , and European . One of the earliest centres of Christianity , Egypt was Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country , albeit with a significant Christian minority . With over 92 million inhabitants , Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab world , the third-most populous in Africa ( after Nigeria and Ethiopia ) , and the fifteenth-most populous in the world . The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River , an area of about 40000 km2 , where the only arable land is found . The large regions of the Sahara desert , which constitute most of Egypt 's territory , are sparsely inhabited . About half of Egypt 's residents live in urban areas , with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo , Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta . Modern Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power , with significant cultural , political , and military influence in North Africa , the Middle East and the Muslim world . Egypt 's economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East , and is projected to become one of the largest in the 21st century . Egypt is a member of the United Nations , Non-Aligned Movement , Arab League , African Union , and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Angola", "score": 0.622035562992096, "text": "Angola -LSB- æŋˈɡoʊlə -RSB- , officially the Republic of Angola ( República de Angola -LSB- ɐ̃ˈɡɔlɐ -RSB- ; Kikongo , Kimbundu and Umbundu : Repubilika ya Ngola ) , is a country in Southern Africa . It is the seventh-largest country in Africa and is bordered by Namibia to the south , the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Zambia to the east , and the Atlantic Ocean to west . The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The capital and largest city of Angola is Luanda . Although its territory has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era , what is now the modern country of Angola was influenced by Portuguese colonisation , which began with , and was for centuries limited to , coastal settlements and trading posts established beginning in the 16th century . In the 19th century , European settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in the interior . As a Portuguese colony , Angola did not encompass its present borders until the early 20th century , following resistance by groups such as the Cuamato , the Kwanyama and the Mbunda . Independence was achieved in 1975 under a Marxist-Leninist one party state , backed by the Soviet Union and Cuba after a protracted anti-colonial struggle . However , the country soon descended into an even lengthier civil war that lasted until 2002 . It has since become a relatively stable unitary presidential republic . Angola has vast mineral and petroleum reserves , and its economy is among the fastest growing in the world , especially since the cessation of the civil war . In spite of this , the standard of living remains low for the majority of the population , and life expectancy in Angola is among the lowest in the world , while infant mortality rates are among the highest . Angola 's economic growth is highly uneven , with the majority of the nation 's wealth concentrated in a disproportionately small sector of the population . Angola is a member state of the United Nations , OPEC , African Union , the Community of Portuguese Language Countries , and the Southern African Development Community . A highly multiethnic country , Angola 's 25.8 million people span various tribal groups , customs , and traditions . Angolan culture reflects centuries of Portuguese rule , namely in the predominance of the Portuguese language and the Catholic Church , combined with diverse indigenous influences .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Namibia", "score": 0.6220066547393799, "text": "Namibia ( Republik Namibia Republiek van Namibië ) , is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean . It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north , Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east . Although it does not border Zimbabwe , a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River ( essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border ) separates the two countries . Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 , following the Namibian War of Independence . Its capital and largest city is Windhoek , and it is a member state of the United Nations ( UN ) , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Commonwealth of Nations . The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by the San , Damara , and Nama peoples . Since about the 14th century , immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion . Since then the Bantu groups in total , known as the Ovambo people , have dominated the population of the country and since the late 19th century , have constituted a large majority . In the late 19th century during European colonization , the German Empire established rule over most of the territory as a protectorate ( Schutzgebiet ) in 1884 . It began to develop infrastructure and farming , and maintained this German colony until 1915 , when South African forces defeated its military . After the end of World War I , in 1920 the League of Nations mandated the country to the United Kingdom , under administration by South Africa . It imposed its laws , including racial classifications and rules . From 1948 , with the National Party elected to power , South Africa applied apartheid also to what was known as South West Africa . In 1878 the Cape of Good Hope had annexed the port of Walvis Bay and the offshore Penguin Islands ; these became an integral part of the new Union of South Africa at its creation in 1910 . In the later 20th century , uprisings and demands for political representation by native African political activists seeking independence resulted in the UN assuming direct responsibility over the territory in 1966 , but South Africa maintained de facto rule . In 1973 the UN recognised the South West Africa People 's Organisation ( SWAPO ) as the official representative of the Namibian people ; the party is dominated by the Ovambo , who are a large majority in the territory . Following continued guerrilla warfare , South Africa installed an interim administration in Namibia in 1985 . Namibia obtained full independence from South Africa in 1990 . However , Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands remained under South African control until 1994 . Namibia has a population of 2.1 million people and a stable multi-party parliamentary democracy . Agriculture , herding , tourism and the mining industry -- including mining for gem diamonds , uranium , gold , silver , and base metals -- form the basis of its economy . The large , arid Namib Desert has resulted in Namibia being overall one of the least densely populated countries in the world .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Cinema_of_South_Africa", "score": 0.6188591122627258, "text": "The cinema of South Africa , often metonymously referred to as Joziwood , refers to the films and film industry of the nation of South Africa . Although few local productions are known outside South Africa itself , many foreign films have been produced about South Africa ( usually involving race relations ) . One exception was the film The Gods Must Be Crazy in 1980 , set in the Kalahari . This is about how life in a traditional community of Bushmen is changed when a Coke bottle , thrown out of an aeroplane , suddenly lands from the sky . The late Jamie Uys , who wrote and directed The Gods Must Be Crazy , also had success overseas in the 1970s with his films Funny People and Funny People II , similar to the TV series Candid Camera in the US . Leon Schuster 's You Must Be Joking ! films are in the same genre , and hugely popular among South Africans . Arguably , the most high-profile film portraying South Africa in recent years was District 9 . Directed by Neill Blomkamp , a native South African , and produced by Peter Jackson , the action/science-fiction film depicts a sub-class of alien refugees forced to live in the slums of Johannesburg in what many saw as a creative allegory for apartheid . The film was a critical and commercial success worldwide , and was nominated for Best Picture at the 82nd Academy Awards . Other notable exceptions are the film Tsotsi , which won the Academy Award for Foreign Language Film at the 78th Academy Awards in 2006 as well as U-Carmen e-Khayelitsha , which won the Golden Bear at the 2005 Berlin International Film Festival .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Ethiopia", "score": 0.6183928847312927, "text": "Ethiopia ( -LSB- ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə -RSB- ኢትዮጵያ , , ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ( የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ , yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk ) , is a country located in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast , Djibouti and Somalia to the east , Sudan and South Sudan to the west , and Kenya to the south . With over 100 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world , as well as the second-most populous nation on the African continent after Nigeria . It occupies a total area of 1,100,000 km2 , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa . Some of the oldest evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BC , Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history . During the first centuries AD , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . Ethiopia derived prestige with its uniquely successful military resistance during the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , becoming the only African country to defeat a European colonial power and retain its sovereignty . Subsequently , many African nations adopted the colors of Ethiopia 's flag following their independence . It was the first independent African member of the 20th-century League of Nations and the United Nations . In 1974 , at the end of Haile Selassie 's reign , power fell to a communist military dictatorship known as the Derg , backed by the Soviet Union , until it was defeated by the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front , which has ruled since about the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 . Ethiopia 's ancient Ge'ez script , also known as Ethiopic , is one of the oldest alphabets still in use in the world . The Ethiopian calendar , which is approximately seven years and three months behind the Gregorian calendar , co-exists alongside the Borana calendar . A majority of the population adheres to Christianity ( mainly the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and P'ent ` ay ) , while around a third follows Islam ( primarily Sunni Islam ) . The country is the site of the Migration to Abyssinia and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash . A substantial population of Ethiopian Jews , known as Bete Israel , resided in Ethiopia until the 1980s , but most of them have since emigrated to Israel . Ethiopia is a multilingual nation with around 80 ethnolinguistic groups , the four largest of which are the Oromiffa , Amhara , Somali , and Tigrayans . Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches . Additionally , Omotic languages are spoken by ethnic minority groups inhabiting the southern regions . Nilo-Saharan languages are also spoken by the nation 's Nilotic ethnic minorities . Ethiopia is the place of origin for the coffee bean which originated from the place called Kefa ( which was one of the 14 provinces in the old Ethiopian administration ) . It is a land of natural contrasts , with its vast fertile West , jungles , and numerous rivers , and the world 's hottest settlement of Dallol in its north . The Ethiopian Highlands are Africa 's largest continuous mountain ranges , and Sof Omar Caves contain Africa 's largest cave . Ethiopia has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa . Ethiopia is one of the founding members of the UN , the Group of 24 ( G-24 ) , the Non-Aligned Movement , G-77 and the Organisation of African Unity . Ethiopia 's capital city Addis Ababa serves as the headquarters of the African Union , the Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry , the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa , African Aviation Training HQ , the African Standby Force , and many of the global NGOs focused on Africa . In the 1970s and 1980s , Ethiopia suffered from civil wars and communist purges which devastated its economy . The country has begun to recover recently however , and now has the largest economy ( by GDP ) in East Africa and Central Africa . According to Global Fire Power , Ethiopia has the 42nd most powerful military in the world , and the third most powerful in Africa .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "List_of_companies_of_Zambia", "score": 0.6178925037384033, "text": "The Republic of Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa , neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Tanzania to the north-east , Malawi to the east , Mozambique , Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia to the south , and Angola to the west . The capital city is Lusaka , in the south-central part of Zambia . The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest , the core economic hubs of the country . The Zambian economy has historically been based on the copper-mining industry . The discovery of copper is owed partly to Frederick Russell Burnham , the famous American scout who worked for Cecil Rhodes .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Sierra_Leone", "score": 0.6137884855270386, "text": "Sierra Leone ( -LSB- sɪˈɛərə_lɪˈəʊni , _ - lɪˈəʊn -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone , is a country in West Africa . It is bordered by Guinea to the north-east , Liberia to the south-east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the south-west . Sierra Leone has a tropical climate , with a diverse environment ranging from savannah to rainforests . Sierra Leone has a total area of 71740 km2 and a population of 7,075,641 ( based on 2015 national census ) . Sierra Leone is officially made up of four administrative regions : the Northern Province , Eastern Province , Southern Province and the Western Area , which are subdivided into fourteen districts . Each district has its own elected local government . Freetown ( population 1,050,301 ) , located in the Western Area , is the capital , largest city and its economic and political centre . Bo ( population 306,000 ) , is the second largest city , and is located in the Southern Province , about 160 miles from Freetown . Kenema ( population 200,354 ) , located in the Eastern Province , is the third largest city and is about 190 miles from Freetown . Koidu Town ( population 128,074 ) , located in the diamond rich Kono District in the Eastern Province , is the fourth largest city , and is about 275 miles from Freetown . Makeni ( population 126,058 ) , located in the Northern Province , is the fifth largest of Sierra Leone 's five major cities , and is about 85 miles from Freetown . Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a directly elected president and a unicameral legislature . Sierra Leone became an independent Nation on 27 April 1961 from Britain , led by Sir Milton Margai , who was elected by landslide as the first prime minister of the new nation under parliamentary government . The current constitution of Sierra Leone was adopted in 1991 during the presidency of Joseph Saidu Momoh , though it has been amended several times . Since independence to present , Sierra Leone politics has been dominated by two major political parties ; the Sierra Leone People 's party ( SLPP ) and the All People 's Congress ( APC ) . The current president of SIerra Leone is Ernest Bai Koroma , a member of the APC party , who was elected in 2007 after defeating the ruling SLPP candidate , and he won reelection for his final term as president in 2012 . From 1991 to 2002 , the Sierra Leone civil war was fought and devastated the country . This proxy war left more than 50,000 people dead , much of the country 's infrastructure destroyed , and over two million people displaced as refugees in neighbouring countries . In January 2002 , then Sierra Leone 's president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah , fulfilled his campaign promise by ending the civil war , with help by the British Government , ECOWAS and the United Nations . More recently , the 2014 Ebola outbreak overburdened the weak healthcare infrastructure , leading to more deaths from medical neglect than Ebola itself . It created a humanitarian crisis situation and a negative spiral of weaker economic growth . The country has an extremely low life expectancy at 57.8 years . About sixteen ethnic groups inhabit Sierra Leone , each with its own language and customs . The two largest and most influential are the Temne and the Mende people . The Temne are predominantly found in the north of the country , while the Mende are predominant in the south-east . Sierra Leone has a significant minority of the Krio people , who are descendants of freed African American and West Indian slaves . Although English is the official language spoken at schools and government administration , the Krio language is the most widely spoken language across Sierra Leone and is spoken by 97 % of the country 's population . The Krio language unites all the different ethnic groups in the country , especially in their trade and social interaction with each other . Sierra Leone is a predominantly secular Muslim majority country , with the overall muslim population at 77 % of the population , though with an influential Christian minority at about 22 % . Sierra Leone is regarded as one of the most religiously tolerant nations in the world . Muslims and Christians collaborate and interact with each other very peacefully . Religious violence is very rare in the country . The major Christian and Muslim holidays are officially national holidays including Christmas and Eid Al Fitr . In politics , the overwhelming majority of Sierra Leoneans vote for a candidate without regard to whether the candidate is a Muslim or a Christian . Sierra Leone has relied on mining , especially diamonds , for its economic base . It is also among the largest producers of titanium and bauxite , a major producer of gold , and has one of the world 's largest deposits of rutile . Sierra Leone is home to the third-largest natural harbour in the world . Despite exploitation of this natural wealth , 70 % of its people live in poverty . Sierra Leone is a member of many international organisations , including the United Nations , the African Union , the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) , the Mano River Union , the Commonwealth of Nations , the African Development Bank , and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "List_of_companies_of_Tanzania", "score": 0.6106842756271362, "text": "Tanzania is a large country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region . Parts of the country are in Southern Africa . It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north ; Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west ; Zambia , Malawi , and Mozambique to the south ; and by the Indian Ocean to the east . Kilimanjaro , Africa 's highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . The country has the second largest economy in the East African Community and the twelfth largest in Africa . It is largely dependent on agriculture for employment , accounting for about half of the employed workforce . An estimated 34 percent of Tanzanians currently live in poverty . The economy has been transitioning from a command economy to a market economy since 1985 . Although total GDP has increased since these reforms began , GDP per capita dropped sharply at first , and only exceeded the pre-transition figure in around 2007 .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Lists_of_Zambia-related_topics", "score": 0.6096194386482239, "text": "Zambia , officially known as the Republic of Zambia -LSB- ˈæ.ə -RSB- , is a landlocked country in Southern Africa . The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Tanzania to the north-east , Malawi to the east , Mozambique , Zimbabwe , Botswana , and Namibia to the south , and Angola to the west . The capital city is Lusaka , located in the southeast of the country . The population is concentrated mainly around the capital and the Copperbelt to the northwest . Lists of Zambia-related topics include : List of airports in Zambia List of birds of Zambia Cities -- -- see List of settlements in Zambia List of Zambian companies Historical figures -- - see List of Zambians List of mammals in Zambia List of national parks of Zambia People -- - see List of Zambians List of political parties in Zambia Politicians -- - see List of Zambians List of Presidents of Zambia List of schools in Zambia List of settlements in Zambia Sportspersons -- - see List of Zambians Towns -- -- see List of settlements in Zambia List of Vice Presidents of Zambia List of Zambian parliamentary constituencies List of Zambians List of Zambia-related topics", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Lost_River_(film)", "score": 0.6095463633537292, "text": "Lost River is a 2014 American fantasy-neo-noir film written , produced and directed by Ryan Gosling , in his directorial debut . The film stars Christina Hendricks , Saoirse Ronan , Iain De Caestecker , Matt Smith , Ben Mendelsohn , Barbara Steele , and Eva Mendes . Principal photography began in Detroit on May 6 , 2013 . The film premiered in competition in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival , and was released in the United States on April 10 , 2015 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "James_Ryan_(actor)", "score": 0.6094724535942078, "text": "James Ryan is a South African actor , writer and director .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo", "score": 0.6069126129150391, "text": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo ( -LSB- ˈkɒŋɡəʊ -RSB- -LSB- kɔ̃ɡo -RSB- ; République démocratique du Congo ) , also known as DR Congo , DRC , DROC , Congo-Kinshasa or simply the Congo , is a country located in Central Africa . The DRC borders the Central African Republic and South Sudan to the north ; Uganda , Rwanda , Burundi and Tanzania to the east ; Zambia and Angola to the south ; the Republic of the Congo to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest . It is the second-largest country in Africa by area and eleventh largest in the world . With a population of over 80 million , the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country , the fourth most-populated nation in Africa and the eighteenth most populated country in the world . The territory of the DR Congo was first settled by humans around 90,000 years ago . Bantu peoples began migrating into the region in the 5th century and again in the 10th century . In the West of the region the Kingdom of Kongo ruled from the 14th to 19th centuries , while in the centre and East of the region the kingdoms of Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century . In the 1870s , before the onset of the Scramble for Africa , European exploration of the Congo was carried out , first led by Sir Henry Morton Stanley under the sponsorship of King Leopold II of Belgium . Leopold formally acquired rights to the Congo territory at the Conference of Berlin in 1885 and made the land his private property . He named it the Congo Free State . During the Free State the colonial military unit , the Force Publique , forced the local population into producing rubber , and from 1885 to 1908 millions of Congolese died as a consequence of disease and exploitation . In 1908 Belgium , despite initial reluctance , formally annexed the Free State from Leopold , which became the Belgian Congo . The Belgian Congo achieved independence on 30 June 1960 under the name Republic of the Congo ( Léopoldville ) . Congolese nationalist Patrice Lumumba was elected the first Prime Minister , while Joseph Kasa-Vubu became the first President . Conflict arose over the administration of the territory which became known as the Congo Crisis . The provinces of Katanga , under Moïse Tshombe , and South Kasai attempted to secede from the Congo . On 5 September 1960 , Kasa-Vubu dismissed Lumumba from office , encouraged by the United States and Belgium after Lumumba turned to the Soviet Union for assistance in the crisis . On 14 September , with U.S. and Belgian support , Lumumba was arrested by forces loyal to Army Chief of Staff Joseph-Désiré Mobutu , who had gained de facto control over the country through a coup d'état the same day , and on 17 January 1961 Lumumba was handed over to Katangan authorities and executed by Belgian-led Katangese troops . In 1965 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu , who later renamed himself Mobutu Sese Seko , officially came into power through a second coup . In 1971 he renamed the country Zaire . The country was run as a one-party state with his Popular Movement of the Revolution as the sole legal party . Mobutu 's government received considerable support from the United States for its anti-communist stance during the Cold War . By the early 1990s Mobutu 's government began to weaken . Disenfranchisement of the eastern Congolese Tutsi population led to a 1996 invasion led by Tutsi-ruled Rwanda , which began the First Congo War . On 17 May 1997 Laurent-Désiré Kabila , a leader of Tutsi forces from the province of South Kivu , became President , bringing about the end of Mobutu 's 32-year rule . Tensions between President Kabila and the Rwandan and Tutsi presence in the country led to the Second Congo War from 1998 to 2003 . Ultimately , nine African countries and around twenty armed groups became involved in the war , which resulted in the deaths of 5.4 million people . The two wars together devastated the country . President Laurent-Désiré Kabila was assassinated by one of his bodyguards on 16 January 2001 and was succeeded eight days later as President by his son Joseph Kabila . The Democratic Republic of Congo is extremely rich in natural resources but has had political instability , a lack of infrastructure , issues with corruption and centuries of both commercial and colonial extraction and exploitation with little holistic development . Besides the capital Kinshasa , the two next largest cities Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi are both mining communities . DR Congo 's largest export is raw minerals , with China accepting over 50 % of DRC 's exports in 2012 . , according to the Human Development Index ( HDI ) , DR Congo 's level of human development ranks 176 out of 187 countries .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Namib", "score": 0.6068885922431946, "text": "The Namib is a coastal desert in southern Africa . The name Namib is of Nama origin and means `` vast place '' . According to the broadest definition , the Namib stretches for more than 2000 km along the Atlantic coasts of Angola , Namibia , and South Africa , extending southward from the Carunjamba River in Angola , through Namibia and to the Olifants River in Western Cape , South Africa . The Namib 's northernmost portion , which extends 450 km from the Angola-Namibia border , is known as Moçâmedes Desert , while its southern portion approaches the neighboring Kalahari Desert . From the Atlantic coast eastward , the Namib gradually ascends in elevation , reaching up to 200 km inland to the foot of the Great Escarpment . Annual precipitation ranges from 2 mm in the most arid regions to 200 mm at the escarpment , making the Namib the only true desert in southern Africa . Having endured arid or semi-arid conditions for roughly 55 -- 80 million years , the Namib may be the oldest desert in the world and contains some of the world 's driest regions . The desert geology consists of sand seas near the coast , while gravel plains and scattered mountain outcrops occur further inland . The sand dunes , some of which are 300 m high and span 32 km long , are the second largest in the world after the Badain Jaran Desert dunes in China . Temperatures along the coast are stable and generally range between 9 - annually , while temperatures further inland are variable -- summer daytime temperatures can exceed 45 ° C while nights can be freezing . Fogs that originate offshore from the collision of the cold Benguela Current and warm air from the Hadley Cell create a fog belt that frequently envelops parts of the desert . Coastal regions can experience more than 180 days of thick fog a year . While this has proved a major hazard to ships -- more than a thousand wrecks litter the Skeleton Coast -- it is a vital source of moisture for desert life . The Namib is almost completely uninhabited by humans except for several small settlements and indigenous pastoral groups , including the Ovahimba and Obatjimba Herero in the north , and the Topnaar Nama in the central region . Owing to its antiquity , the Namib may be home to more endemic species than any other desert in the world . Most of the desert wildlife is arthropods and other small animals that live on little water , although larger animals inhabit the northern regions . Near the coast , the cold ocean water is rich in fishery resources and supports populations of brown fur seals and shorebirds , which serve as prey for the Skeleton Coast 's lions . Further inland , the Namib-Naukluft National Park , the largest game park in Africa , supports populations of African Bush Elephants , Mountain Zebras , and other large mammals . Although the outer Namib is largely barren of vegetation , lichens and succulents are found in coastal areas , while grasses , shrubs , and ephemeral plants thrive near the escarpment . A few types of trees are also able to survive the extremely arid climate .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Langstrand", "score": 0.6067454218864441, "text": "Langstrand ( Afrikaans and German for `` Long Beach '' , which the town is often called , too , among English-speaking tourists ) is a small beach resort on the Atlantic coast in western Namibia . Langstrand and its neighboring sister resort Dolfynstrand lies between Walvis Bay and Swakopmund . It is , for the most part , an upscale beach resort where many have beach homes to escape the interior heat in Namibia . The area came into recent fame because the Burning Shore Hotel , where Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt stayed during the end of her pregnancy with Shiloh , is located in Langstrand .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
138503
Stranger Things is set in Bloomington, Indiana.
[ { "id": "Stranger_Things", "score": 0.7205151319503784, "text": "Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created , written , directed and co-executive produced by the Duffer Brothers , as well as co-executive-produced by Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen . The first season stars Winona Ryder , David Harbour , Finn Wolfhard , Millie Bobby Brown , Gaten Matarazzo , Caleb McLaughlin , Natalia Dyer , Charlie Heaton , Cara Buono , and Matthew Modine , with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles . The second season will see Schnapp and Keery promoted to series regulars , along with the addition of Sadie Sink and Dacre Montgomery . Set in the fictional town of Hawkins , Indiana in the 1980s , the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy by his friends , older brother and traumatized mother and the local police chief , amid supernatural events occurring around the town including the appearance of a psychokinetic girl who helps the missing boy 's friends in their own search . The second season is set a year after the first , and deals with attempts of the characters to return to normal and consequences from that season . The Duffer Brothers developed the series as a mix of investigative drama alongside supernatural elements with childlike sensibilities , establishing its time frame in the 1980s and creating a homage #Noun to pop culture of that decade . Several themes and directorial aspects were inspired and aesthetically informed by the works of Steven Spielberg , John Carpenter , and Stephen King , among others . The series was released on Netflix on July 15 , 2016 . It received critical acclaim for its characterization , pacing , atmosphere , acting , soundtrack , directing , writing and homages to 1980s genre films . The series has received several industry nominations and awards , including winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2016 . On August 31 , 2016 , Netflix renewed the series for a second season of nine episodes , which is set to be released on October 31 , 2017 ." } ]
[ { "id": "Bloomington,_Minnesota", "score": 0.6495469212532043, "text": "Bloomington is the fourth largest city in the U.S. state of Minnesota . It is located in Hennepin County on the north bank of the Minnesota River , above its confluence with the Mississippi River . Bloomington lies 10 mi south of downtown Minneapolis . The city 's population is 88,299 , according to the 2016 Metropolitan Council estimates . Established as a post -- World War II housing boom suburb connected to the urban street grid of Minneapolis and serviced by two major freeways , Interstate 35W and Interstate 494 , Bloomington 's residential areas include upper-tier households in the western Bush Lake area and traditional middle-class families in its rows of single-family homes in the central to eastern portions . Large-scale commercial development is concentrated along the Interstate 494 corridor . Besides an extensive city park system , with over 1000 sqft of parkland per capita , Bloomington is also home to Hyland Lake Park Reserve in the west and Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge in the southeast . Bloomington has more jobs per capita than either Minneapolis or Saint Paul , due to the United States ' largest enclosed shopping center , the Mall of America . The headquarters of Ceridian , Donaldson Company , HealthPartners and Toro , and major operations of Express Scripts , Seagate Technologies and Wells Fargo Bank are also based in the city . The city was named after Bloomington , Illinois .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Indiana", "score": 0.6484859585762024, "text": "Indiana -LSB- ɪndiˈænə -RSB- is a U.S. state located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America . Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis . Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11 , 1816 . Before becoming a territory , varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years . Since its founding as a territory , settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York , Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio , and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states , particularly Kentucky and Tennessee . Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $ 298 billion in 2012 . Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns . Indiana is home to several major sports teams and athletic events including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts , the NBA 's Indiana Pacers , the WNBA 's Indiana Fever , the Indianapolis 500 , and Brickyard 400 motorsports races .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Indianapolis", "score": 0.6462765336036682, "text": "Indianapolis ( pronounced -LSB- ˌɪndi.əˈnæpəlᵻs -RSB- ) , is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County . It is in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States . With an estimated population of 855,164 in 2016 , Indianapolis is the third most populous city in the Midwest and 15th most populous in the U.S. . The city is the economic and cultural center of the Indianapolis metropolitan area , home to 2 million people , the 34th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. Its combined statistical area ranks 27th , with 2.38 million inhabitants . Indianapolis covers 372 sqmi , making it the 16th largest city by land area in the U.S. Founded in 1821 as a planned city for the new seat of the government of Indiana , Indianapolis was platted by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a 1 sqmi grid adjacent to the White River . The city grew beyond the Mile Square , as completion of the National Road and advent of the railroad solidified the city 's position as a manufacturing and transportation hub . Indianapolis is within a single-day drive of 70 percent of the nation 's population , lending to one of its nicknames as the `` Crossroads of America '' . Anchoring the 26th largest economic region in the U.S. , the city 's economy is based primarily on business services , transportation and logistics , education , financial services , hospitality and tourism , and distribution services . Indianapolis has developed niche markets in amateur sports and auto racing . The city is perhaps best known for annually hosting the world 's largest single-day sporting event , the Indianapolis 500 . Led by the Lilly Endowment , the city 's philanthropic community has been instrumental in the development of its cultural institutions , such as The Children 's Museum of Indianapolis and Indianapolis Museum of Art . The city is notable as headquarters for the American Legion and home to a significant collection of monuments dedicated to veterans and war dead , the most in the U.S. outside of Washington , D.C. . Since the 1970 city-county consolidation , known as Unigov , local government administration has operated under the direction of an elected 25-member city-county council headed by the mayor . Indianapolis is considered a `` high sufficiency '' global city .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Hoosier_Gym", "score": 0.6374334692955017, "text": "The Historic Hoosier Gym , located in Knightstown , Indiana , is most famous for being the central location for the 1986 basketball movie Hoosiers , starring Gene Hackman and Dennis Hopper . The gym has kept the same look as it did when the movie was filmed 30 years ago and has been turned into a museum and community center .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Stranger_Things_(film)", "score": 0.6373148560523987, "text": "Stranger Things is a 2010 American-British drama film directed by Eleanor Burke and Ron Eyal . It details the bond that grows between Mani , a homeless vagrant , and Oona , a lonely woman who allows him to stay in her garden shed . Critical reaction to the film has been positive , with The New York Times calling it `` unexpectedly profound '' .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_television_shows_and_movies_in_Minnesota", "score": 0.631740391254425, "text": "Many television shows and/or films have been filmed or set in the U.S. state of Minnesota .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Sleeping_Bag_(band)", "score": 0.6292054057121277, "text": "Sleeping Bag is an American alternative/indie rock band based out of Bloomington , Indiana , United States .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Bloomington_(film)", "score": 0.6185024380683899, "text": "Bloomington is a 2010 coming-of-age drama film about a former child actress ( Sarah Stouffer ) attending college in search of independence and who ends up becoming romantically involved with a female professor played by Allison McAtee . Their relationship thrives until an opportunity to return to acting forces her to make life-altering decisions .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Arlington,_Monroe_County,_Indiana", "score": 0.6180384755134583, "text": "Arlington is a neighborhood of the city of Bloomington in Monroe County , in the U.S. state of Indiana .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Sports_in_Indiana", "score": 0.6179754137992859, "text": "The state of Indiana is home to a number of professional and college sports teams , as well as prominent auto racing .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Stranger_Things_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6178746223449707, "text": "Stranger Things is a 2016 American science fiction horror Netflix series . Stranger Things may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Bloomington,_Illinois", "score": 0.6174250841140747, "text": "Bloomington is a city in Illinois , United States and the county seat of McLean County . It is adjacent to Normal , and is the more populous of the two principal municipalities of the Bloomington-Normal metropolitan area . The 2010 census showed the city had a population of 76,610 , making it the 12th most populated city in Illinois , and the fifth-most populous city in the state outside of the Chicago Metropolitan Area . Combined with Normal , the twin cities have a population of roughly 130,000 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Indianapolis_metropolitan_area", "score": 0.6151995658874512, "text": "Indianapolis -- Carmel -- Anderson or Indianapolis metropolitan area is an 11-county metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Indiana , as defined by the Office of Management and Budget . The metropolitan area is situated in Central Indiana , within the American Midwest . The metropolitan area is centered on the capital and most populous city of Indiana , Indianapolis . Indianapolis -- Carmel -- Anderson is the 34th most populous metropolitan area in the United States , and largest in the state of Indiana . As of 2014 , the population was 1,971,274 . Indianapolis also anchors the larger Indianapolis -- Carmel -- Muncie combined statistical area ( CSA ) , the 26th most populated , with 2,372,570 . The Indianapolis metropolitan area is part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis , which contains an estimated 59 million people .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Making_Monsters_(TV_series)", "score": 0.6149962544441223, "text": "Making Monsters is an American TV series which follows the work at Distortions , a company in Greeley , Colorado which produces frightening animatronics for haunted attractions . Since 2011 , the series airs on the Travel Channel annually from late September to late October , in the weeks before Halloween .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Eleven_(Stranger_Things)", "score": 0.6109806299209595, "text": "Eleven , presumably born as Jane Ives , also known as El and 011 , is a fictional character from the Netflix series Stranger Things . Portrayed by Millie Bobby Brown , she is a girl with psychokinetic abilities and a limited vocabulary .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Heartland_Film_Festival", "score": 0.6099750399589539, "text": "The Heartland Film Festival is a film festival held each October in Indianapolis , Indiana . First held in 1992 , its goal is to `` inspire filmmakers and audiences through the transformative power of film . ''", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Transportation_in_Indianapolis", "score": 0.6090604662895203, "text": "Indianapolis is served by many different kinds of transportation .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Finn_Wolfhard", "score": 0.6087417602539062, "text": "Finn Wolfhard is a Canadian actor and voice actor . He is best known for his starring role as Mike Wheeler in the supernatural Netflix series Stranger Things .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Marion,_Indiana", "score": 0.6074360013008118, "text": "Marion is a city in Grant County , Indiana , United States . The population was 29,948 as of the 2010 census . The city is the county seat of Grant County . It is named for Francis Marion , a Brigadier General from South Carolina in the American Revolutionary War . The city is the home of Indiana Wesleyan University , the largest evangelical Christian university in the Midwest and largest private university in Indiana -- if including online and regional campuses in Indiana , Kentucky , Ohio , and Illinois . The traditional campus enrolls approximately 2800 students . Since 2016 , Jess Alumbaugh has been Marion 's mayor . Marion is also noted for being the birthplace of actor James Dean , and cartoonist Jim Davis , though James Dean and Jim Davis were raised in nearby Fairmount . It was also the location of the wedding of actress Julia Roberts and singer Lyle Lovett in 1993 . The city is also the site of the infamous lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Madison,_Indiana", "score": 0.6071432828903198, "text": "Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Indiana , United States , along the Ohio River . Its estimated population was 12,247 as of 2016 . Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles of downtown Madison . Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville , Kentucky and Cincinnati , Ohio . Madison is one of the core cities of the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Madison metroplex , an area with a population of approximately 1.5 million . In 2006 , the majority of Madison 's downtown area was designated the largest contiguous National Historic Landmark in the United States -- 133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
129983
Ryan Seacrest is a person.
[ { "id": "Ryan_Seacrest", "score": 0.7623205184936523, "text": "Ryan John Seacrest ( born December 24 , 1974 ) is an American radio personality , television host and producer . He is best known for hosting the talent competition show American Idol , as well as the syndicated countdown program American Top 40 and the KIIS-FM morning radio show On Air with Ryan Seacrest . Seacrest began co-hosting Live with Kelly and Ryan on a permanent basis May 1 , 2017 . He received Emmy Award nominations for American Idol , and won an Emmy for producing Jamie Oliver 's Food Revolution ." } ]
[ { "id": "On_Air_with_Ryan_Seacrest", "score": 0.6861488819122314, "text": "On Air with Ryan Seacrest is an American syndicated radio program hosted by Ryan Seacrest . As of 2017 , the daily morning radio show airs on Los Angeles top 40 station KIIS-FM ; it was launched at the same time as the television show with the same name , although Seacrest had hosted a similar show in afternoon drive on sister station KYSR from 1995 until 2003 . The TV series ran for several months in 2004 , but nationwide syndication of the radio program would not start until 2008 , where a majority of its affiliates air it in the middays or afternoons . The radio show is broadcast from the KIIS-FM studios in Burbank , California . On Air with Ryan Seacrest is also syndicated through Premiere Networks on over 130 radio stations nationwide and in Canada . Although Seacrest began working in New York on May 1 , 2017 , as co-host of the Live with Kelly & Ryan on ABC , the KIIS-FM radio program will continue to air live from 6am to 10am Pacific Time , with Seacrest using a Manhattan studio .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "On_Air_with_Ryan_Seacrest_(TV_series)", "score": 0.6754017472267151, "text": "On Air with Ryan Seacrest was an American syndicated television talk show , which ran from January 12 , 2004 through September 17 , 2004 . It was distributed in the United States and Canada by Twentieth Television .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Brian_Dunkleman", "score": 0.6549534797668457, "text": "Brian Dunkleman ( born September 25 , 1971 ) is an American comedian and actor . He is best known as being co-host with Ryan Seacrest on the first season of American Idol '' , in 2002 .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Knock_Knock_Live", "score": 0.6466184258460999, "text": "Knock Knock Live is an American reality television series starring Ryan Seacrest that debuted on Fox as an entry in the 2015 -- 16 television season . It premiered on Tuesday , July 21 , 2015 live at 9pm ET , tape delayed at 9pm PT . In the show , Seacrest and guest celebrities would visit the homes of ordinary people who have done something special and give them a prize such as cash or a new car . Some would meet their celebrity crushes , or a random game would take place in their front yard or on their street . Seacrest said : `` We 've tailored all of our responses to hopefully put a smile on people 's faces and change their life a little bit . The fun thing about it , for me , is that this is a live show , so we do n't have an idea of what 's gon na happen . '' On July 30 , 2015 , Fox canceled the show after two episodes due to low ratings .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Live_with_Kelly_and_Ryan", "score": 0.6405181884765625, "text": "Live with Kelly and Ryan is an American syndicated morning talk show , hosted by Kelly Ripa and Ryan Seacrest . Executive produced by Michael Gelman , the show has aired since 1983 locally on WABC-TV in New York City and 1988 nationwide . As of 2016 , it is produced by WABC . With roots in A.M. Los Angeles and A.M. New York , Live began as The Morning Show , hosted by Regis Philbin and Cyndy Garvey ; the show rose to national prominence as Live with Regis and Kathie Lee , when Philbin was joined by Kathie Lee Gifford . That incarnation of the program ran for 12 years and continuing as Live with Regis and Kelly for another decade before Ripa , after hosting with guest co-hosts for nearly a year , was paired with former NFL star Michael Strahan . The franchise has had longstanding success and has won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show and Outstanding Talk Show Hosts . On January 19 , 2016 , the show was renewed through the 2019 -- 20 season . On February 12 , 2016 , a special episode focused on Ripa 's 15 years as part of the program . On April 18 , 2016 , Strahan and ABC announced that he was leaving the show to join ABC 's Good Morning America full-time . On May 1 , 2017 , it was announced that Ryan Seacrest will join Ripa as her new permanent co-host , succeeding Strahan . On April 10 , 2017 , it was announced that the series had been renewed until 2020 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_Saturday_Night_Live_episodes", "score": 0.6366291642189026, "text": "Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Ryan_Kelly_(singer)", "score": 0.633844792842865, "text": "Ryan John Kelly is an Irish singer .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "List_of_songs_in_Glee_(season_1)", "score": 0.6331549882888794, "text": "Glee is an American musical comedy-drama television series that airs on the Fox network in the United States . It focuses on the William McKinley High School glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit , while its members deal with relationships , sexuality and social issues . The show was created by Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan , and features many cover versions of songs performed on-screen by the characters . Murphy is responsible for selecting all of the songs used , and strives to maintain a balance between show tunes and chart hits , as he wants there to be `` something for everybody in every episode '' . Once Murphy selects a song , rights are cleared with its publishers by music supervisor P.J. Bloom , and music producer Adam Anders rearranges it for the Glee cast . Numbers are pre-recorded by the cast , while choreographer Zach Woodlee constructs the accompanying dance moves , which are then taught to the cast and filmed . Studio recordings of tracks are then made . The process begins six to eight weeks before each episode is filmed , and can end as late as the day before filming begins . At the beginning of the season , Murphy intended for the performances to remain reality-based , as opposed to having the characters spontaneously burst into song . As the season progressed , however , Glee began to utilize fantasy sequences , with paraplegic character Artie imagining himself dancing to `` The Safety Dance '' , and six separate characters performing a fantasy version of `` Like a Virgin '' . The first thirteen episodes of the season averaged five songs per episode . For the final nine episodes , the number of performances increased to eight . Murphy was surprised at the ease with which use of songs was approved by the record labels approached . Recording artist Rihanna offered her single `` Take a Bow '' for use at a reduced licensing rate , and other artists have offered use of their songs free . Madonna granted the show rights to her entire catalog , and the 2010 episode `` The Power of Madonna '' featured cover versions of eight of her songs . A series of Glee albums have been released through Columbia Records . Accompanying the first season were the studio albums Glee : The Music , Volume 1 , Glee : The Music , Volume 2 and Glee : The Music , Volume 3 Showstoppers , extended plays ( EP ) Glee : The Music , The Power of Madonna and Glee : The Music , Journey to Regionals , and the compilation album Glee : The Music , The Complete Season One , featuring 100 recordings from the season . Songs featured on the show are available for digital download through the iTunes Store up to two weeks before new episodes air , and through other digital outlets and mobile carriers a week later .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_songs_in_Glee_(season_5)", "score": 0.6327099204063416, "text": "Glee is an American musical comedy-drama television series produced by Fox . It focuses on the glee club New Directions , at the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima , Ohio . The show was created by Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan , and features many cover versions of songs sung on-screen by the characters . Murphy is responsible for selecting all of the songs used , and strives to maintain a balance between show tunes and chart hits , as he wants there to be `` something for everybody in every episode . '' Once Murphy selects a song , rights are cleared with its publishers by music supervisor P.J. Bloom , and music producer Adam Anders arranges it for the Glee cast . Numbers are pre-recorded by the cast , while the show 's choreographers ( Zach Woodlee in previous seasons ; Brooke Lipton and Mandy Moore in season 5 ) construct the accompanying dance moves , which are then taught to the cast and filmed . Studio recordings of tracks is then made . The process begins six to eight weeks before each episode is filmed , and can end as late as the day before filming begins .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "List_of_songs_in_Glee_(season_4)", "score": 0.6291384100914001, "text": "Glee is an American musical comedy-drama television series produced by Fox . It focuses on the glee club New Directions , at the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima , Ohio . The show was created by Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan , and features many cover versions of songs sung on-screen by the characters . Murphy is responsible for selecting all of the songs used , and strives to maintain a balance between show tunes and chart hits , as he wants there to be `` something for everybody in every episode . '' Once Murphy selects a song , rights are cleared with its publishers by music supervisor P.J. Bloom , and music producer Adam Anders rearranges it for the Glee cast . Numbers are pre-recorded by the cast , while choreographer Zach Woodlee constructs the accompanying dance moves , which are then taught to the cast and filmed . Studio recordings of tracks are then made . The process begins six to eight weeks before each episode is filmed , and can end as late as the day before filming begins .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Click_(game_show)", "score": 0.6231284737586975, "text": "Click is an American television game show based around computers and the then-relatively novel medium of the Internet . The youth-oriented series was created by Merv Griffin and hosted by Ryan Seacrest , with a female co-host who also served as announcer : Amber Bonasso in Season 1 , and Amber Willenborg in Season 2 . It aired in syndication from September 6 , 1997 , to August 1999 ; reruns aired for several years on Game Show Network .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Ultimate_Revenge", "score": 0.6230425238609314, "text": "Ultimate Revenge is a reality TV program about fulfilling the fantasy of anyone who wants to seek revenge on their nearest and dearest . Elaborate practical jokes were played on family and friends instigated by their own relatives and friends . It was hosted by Ryan Seacrest . Several episodes featured current radio talk show host Karel . It was shown on The New TNN from 2001 to 2003 . Ultimate Revenge premiered August 21 , 2001 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Ryan_Shore", "score": 0.622350811958313, "text": "Ryan Shore is a composer and songwriter for film , television , records , games , and theatre . He is a graduate of the Berklee College of Music and is the nephew of composer Howard Shore .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "List_of_songs_in_Glee_(season_3)", "score": 0.6208516359329224, "text": "Glee is an American musical comedy-drama television series produced by Fox . It focuses on the glee club New Directions , at the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima , Ohio . The show was created by Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan , and features many cover versions of songs sung on-screen by the characters . Murphy is responsible for selecting all of the songs used , and strives to maintain a balance between show tunes and chart hits , as he wants there to be `` something for everybody in every episode . '' Once Murphy selects a song , rights are cleared with its publishers by music supervisor P.J. Bloom , and music producer Adam Anders rearranges it for the Glee cast . Numbers are pre-recorded by the cast , while choreographer Zach Woodlee constructs the accompanying dance moves , which are then taught to the cast and filmed . Studio recordings of tracks are then made . The process begins six to eight weeks before each episode is filmed , and can end as late as the day before filming begins . For the first thirteen episodes of Glee first season , the show averaged five songs per episode , which increased to eight songs for the final nine episodes . In season two , Glee averaged six songs per episode . Murphy said in June 2011 that in season three , `` I think we 'll probably end up trying to do four '' songs per episode , but in actuality only one episode in the season was at or below that number , with the rest ranging from five to nine songs .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Glee", "score": 0.6203504204750061, "text": "Glee is an American musical comedy-drama television series that has aired on Fox since May 19 , 2009 . It has been nominated for a variety of different awards including thirty-two Emmy Awards ( six wins ) , eleven Satellite Awards ( five wins ) , nine Golden Globe Awards ( four wins ) , thirty Teen Choice Awards ( fourteen wins ) , three Writers Guild of America Awards , and three Directors Guild of America Awards . Amongst the wins for the series are a Satellite Award for `` Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy '' , a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series '' , and a People 's Choice Award for `` Favorite New TV Comedy '' . The series has an ensemble cast and several different Glee actors have received acting award nominations . Jane Lynch , Matthew Morrison , Lea Michele and Chris Colfer have all won Satellite Awards and been nominated for Golden Globe and Emmy Awards . Lynch has been nominated for eighteen individual awards ( winning eight ) , the most of any cast members . Several crew members have also been nominated for awards , with series creator Ryan Murphy nominated for three Writers Guild of America Awards and two Directors Guild of America Awards . As of , Glee has been nominated for over 150 awards , of which it has won more than 70 . __ TOC __", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Simon_Cowell", "score": 0.6201909184455872, "text": "Simon Phillip Cowell ( -LSB- ˈkaʊəl -RSB- ) ( born 7 October 1959 ) is an English reality television judge and producer , entrepreneur , and philanthropist . He is most recognised as a judge on the British TV talent competition series Pop Idol , The X Factor , and Britain 's Got Talent , and the American TV talent competition shows American Idol , The X Factor , and America 's Got Talent . Cowell is the principal founder and chief executive of the British entertainment company Syco . As a judge , Cowell often makes blunt and controversial comments , including insults and wisecracks about contestants and their singing abilities . He combines activities in both the television and music industries . Cowell has produced and promoted singles and albums for various singers that he has taken under his wing . He is currently appearing on the eleventh Series of Britain 's Got Talent and , recently , the thirteenth series of UK 's The X Factor along with the eleventh series of America 's Got Talent . In 2004 and 2010 , Time named Cowell one of the 100 most influential people in the world . In 2008 The Daily Telegraph ranked him sixth in their list of the `` 100 most powerful people in British culture '' .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_American_Idol_finalists", "score": 0.6158929467201233, "text": "American Idol is an American talent reality television series that first aired in 2002 . As of May 2015 , there have been fourteen seasons . Each season , the final round of competition features ten to thirteen singers . A total of 178 contestants have reached the finals of their season . The show 's age requirements have varied year-to-year . Of the finalists , 55 of them were under the age of 20 , including three winners and five runners-up . Season-one-winner Kelly Clarkson currently holds the record for the highest-selling album sales worldwide , with more than 25 million copies , while season-four-winner Carrie Underwood currently holds the record for the highest-selling album sales in the United States , with more than 13 million copies . In season one , Jim Verraros , an openly gay contestant , was told by Fox to remove all mentions of his homosexuality from his online journal as producers `` thought -LSB- he -RSB- was trying to gain more votes '' . During the second season , finalist Corey Clark was disqualified when it was revealed that he had been arrested and charged with resisting arrest , battery upon his sister , and criminal restraint . In season five , voters claimed that phone calls dialed for Chris Daughtry during the first few minutes of voting were misrouted to Katharine McPhee 's lines , when they heard her recorded message thanking them for voting for McPhee . In season seven , it was revealed that Carly Smithson held a prior label record deal with MCA Records . Reports suggested that MCA spent over $ 2 million promoting Smithson 's previous album which she made under the name Carly Hennessy . The album sold fewer than 400 copies . Smithson remained on the show , and placed sixth in her season . Jermaine Jones of season eleven was disqualified for having theft cases and outstanding warrants on Top 11 week .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Ryan_Dean", "score": 0.6151521801948547, "text": "Ryan Dean is an American actor and musician .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "List_of_Keeping_Up_with_the_Kardashians_episodes", "score": 0.6148887276649475, "text": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians is an American reality television series that has aired on E! since October 14 , 2007 . The series has aired twelve seasons , and focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian -- Jenner family . Its premise was originated with Ryan Seacrest , who additionally serves as an executive producer . The series focuses on sisters Kourtney , Kim , and Khloé Kardashian . It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian , their mother Kris Jenner , their step-parent Caitlyn Jenner , their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner , and Kourtney 's now ex boyfriend , Scott Disick . Khloé 's ex husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season , though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons , and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khloé . From season eight onward , Caitlyn 's children Brody and Brandon , and Brandon 's wife , Leah became recurring cast members . Keeping Up with the Kardashians is often criticized for emphasizing the `` famous for being famous '' concept and appearing to fabricate aspects of its storyline . The series has produced the spin-offs Kourtney and Kim Take Miami , Kourtney and Kim Take New York , Khloé & Lamar , Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons , Dash Dolls , I Am Cait , and Rob & Chyna . As of , 193 original episodes of Keeping Up with the Kardashians have aired over thirteen seasons", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Ryan_Howard_(The_Office)", "score": 0.613365113735199, "text": "Ryan Bailey Howard ( born March 5 , 1979 ) is a fictional character on the US television series The Office . He is portrayed by the show 's writer , director , and executive producer B. J. Novak , and is based upon Ricky Howard from the original British version of The Office ( as well as Neil Godwin , during the fourth season ) , although his role is significantly expanded to that of a main character .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
73170
Puerto Rico is not an unincorporated territory of the United States.
[ { "id": "Puerto_Rico", "score": 0.8363644480705261, "text": "Puerto Rico ( Spanish for `` Rich Port '' ) , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , `` Free Associated State of Puerto Rico '' ) and briefly called Porto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea . It is an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller ones such as Mona , Culebra , and Vieques . The capital and most populous city is San Juan . Its official languages are Spanish and English , though Spanish predominates . The island 's population is approximately 3.4 million . Puerto Rico 's rich history , tropical climate , diverse natural scenery , traditional cuisine , and attractive tax incentives make it a popular destination for travelers from around the world . Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people , the island was claimed in 1493 by Christopher Columbus for the Crown of Castile , and it later endured invasion attempts from the French , Dutch , and British . Four centuries of Spanish colonial government transformed the island 's ethnic , cultural and physical landscapes primarily with waves of African slaves , and Canarian , and Andalusian settlers . In the Spanish imperial imagination , Puerto Rico played a secondary , but strategic role when compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and Mexico . Such a distant administrative control continued right up until the end of the 19th century helping to produce a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined elements from the Natives , Africans , and Iberian people . In 1898 , following the Spanish -- American War , the United States appropriated Puerto Rico together with most former Spanish colonies under the terms of the Treaty of Paris . Puerto Ricans are considered natural-born citizens of the United States . However , Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress , which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950 . As a U.S. territory , American citizens residing on the island are disenfranchised at the national level and may not vote for president and vice president of the United States . However , Congress approved a local constitution , allowing U.S. citizens on the territory to elect a governor . A 2012 referendum showed a majority ( 54 % of those who voted ) disagreed with `` the present form of territorial status '' , with full statehood as the preferred option among those who voted for a change of status , although a significant number of people did not answer the second question from the referendum . A fifth referendum will be held in June 2017 , and `` Statehood '' and `` Independence/Free Association '' were initially the only available options . However , at the recommendation of the Department of Justice , a `` current territorial status '' option will be added . In early 2017 , the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis posed serious problems for the government . The outstanding bond debt had climbed to $ 70 billion at a time with 12.4 % unemployment . The debt had been increasing during a decade long recession . This was the second major financial crisis to affect the island after the Great Depression when the U.S. government , in 1935 , provided relief efforts through the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration . On May 3 , 2017 , Puerto Rico 's financial oversight board in the U.S. District Court in Puerto Rico filed the debt restructuring petition which was made under Title III of PROMESA ." } ]
[ { "id": "Puerto_Rico_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.7603914737701416, "text": "Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the United States in the Caribbean Sea . Puerto Rico may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Outline_of_Puerto_Rico", "score": 0.7450198531150818, "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Puerto Rico : The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is a self-governing unincorporated territory of the United States of America located in the northeastern Caribbean , east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands . The commonwealth comprises an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller islands and keys , the largest of which are Vieques , Culebra , and Mona . The main island of Puerto Rico is the least extensive but the third most populous of the four Greater Antilles : Cuba , Hispaniola , Jamaica , and Puerto Rico . Puerto Ricans often call the island Borinquen , from Borikén , its indigenous Taíno name . The terms boricua and borincano derive from Borikén and Borinquen respectively , and are commonly used to identify someone of Puerto Rican heritage . The island is also popularly known as `` La Isla del Encanto '' , which translated means `` The Island of Enchantment . ''", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Territories_of_the_United_States", "score": 0.7352102398872375, "text": "Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions directly overseen by the United States federal government ( unlike U.S. states , which share sovereignty with the federal government ) . These territories are classified by whether they are incorporated ( part of the United States proper ) and whether they have an organized government through an Organic Act passed by the U.S. Congress . Currently , the United States has sixteen territories , five of which are permanently inhabited : Puerto Rico , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands , the U.S. Virgin Islands , and American Samoa . They are classified as unincorporated territories . They are organized , self-governing territories with locally elected governors and territorial legislatures . Each also elects a non-voting member ( or resident commissioner ) to the U.S. House of Representatives . Eleven territories are small islands , atolls and reefs , spread across the Caribbean and Pacific , with no native or permanent populations . These are Palmyra Atoll , Baker Island , Howland Island , Jarvis Island , Johnston Atoll , Kingman Reef , Midway Islands , Bajo Nuevo Bank , Navassa Island , Serranilla Bank and Wake Island , which are claimed by the United States under the Guano Islands Act of 1856 . The status of some are disputed by Colombia , Haiti , Honduras , Jamaica , Nicaragua , and the Marshall Islands . The Palmyra Atoll is the only territory currently incorporated . Historically , territories were created to govern newly acquired land while the borders of the United States were still evolving . Most territories eventually attained statehood . Other territories administered by the United States went on to become independent countries , such as the Philippines , Micronesia , Marshall Islands and Palau . Micronesia , Marshall Islands and Palau gained independence under the Compact of Free Association ( COFA ) , which allows the U.S. full authority over aid and defense in exchange for continued access to U.S. health care , government services such as the FCC and United States Postal Service , and the right for COFA citizens to work freely in the United States and vice versa . Many organized incorporated territories of the United States existed from 1789 to 1959 ( the first being the Northwest and the Southwest territories , the last being the Alaska Territory and the Hawaii Territory ) , through which 31 territories applied for and were granted statehood . In the process of organizing and promoting territories to statehood , some areas of a territory demographically lacking sufficient development and population densities were temporarily orphaned from parts of a larger territory at the time a vote was taken petitioning Congress for statehood rights . For example , when a portion of the Missouri Territory became the state of Missouri , the remaining portion of the territory , consisting of the present states of Iowa , Nebraska and the Dakotas , most of Kansas , Wyoming , and Montana , and parts of Colorado and Minnesota , effectively became an unorganized territory .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Unincorporated_territories_of_the_United_States", "score": 0.7153493762016296, "text": "Under United States law , an unincorporated territory is an area controlled by the United States government which is not part of ( i.e. , `` incorporated '' in ) the United States . In unincorporated territories the U.S. Constitution applies only partially . In the absence of an organic law a territory is classified as unorganized . In unincorporated territories `` fundamental rights apply as a matter of law , but other constitutional rights are not available '' . Selected constitutional provisions apply depending on congressional acts and judicial rulings according to U.S. constitutional practice , local tradition and law . There are five inhabited US territories which are either organized or self-governing , but unincorporated . These are Puerto Rico , Guam , Northern Mariana islands , U.S. Virgin islands and American Samoa . There are also nine uninhabited US possessions , of which only Palmyra Atoll is incorporated . ( See Territories of the United States , Unorganized territory and insular area . )", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Capital_punishment_in_Puerto_Rico", "score": 0.715259850025177, "text": "Capital punishment in Puerto Rico , an unincorporated territory of the United States , is forbidden by law . However , a number of people were executed in the territory before abolition .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_lakes_of_Puerto_Rico", "score": 0.7060036659240723, "text": "This is a list of lakes in Puerto Rico . Puerto Rico is an island and an unincorporated territory of the United States .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico", "score": 0.7059964537620544, "text": "San Juan ( -LSB- ˌsæn_ˈhwɑːn -RSB- -LSB- saŋ ˈxwan -RSB- , Saint John ) is the capital and most populous municipality in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , an unincorporated territory of the United States . As of the 2010 census , it had a population of 395,326 making it the 46th-largest city under the jurisdiction of the United States . San Juan was founded by Spanish colonists in 1521 , who called it Ciudad de Puerto Rico ( `` Rich Port City '' ) . Puerto Rico 's capital is the second oldest European-established capital city in the Americas , after Santo Domingo , in the Dominican Republic . Several historical buildings are located in San Juan ; among the most notable are the city 's former defensive forts , Fort San Felipe del Morro and Fort San Cristóbal , and La Fortaleza , the oldest executive mansion in continuous use in the Americas . Today , San Juan is Puerto Rico 's most important seaport , and is the island 's manufacturing , financial , cultural , and tourism center . The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area , including San Juan and the municipalities of Bayamón , Guaynabo , Cataño , Canóvanas , Caguas , Toa Alta , Toa Baja , Carolina and Trujillo Alto , is about 2 million inhabitants ; thus , about half the population of Puerto Rico now lives and works in this area . San Juan is also a principal city of the San Juan-Caguas-Fajardo Combined Statistical Area . The city has been the host of events within the sports community , including the 1979 Pan American Games , 1966 Central American and Caribbean Games , events of the 2006 , 2009 and 2013 World Baseball Classics , the Caribbean Series and the Special Olympics and MLB San Juan Series in 2010 .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Insular_area", "score": 0.6973997354507446, "text": "An insular area is a territory of the United States of America that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the U.S. federal district of Washington , D.C. . Such areas are called `` insular '' from the Latin word insula ( `` island '' ) because they were once administered by the War Department 's Bureau of Insular Affairs , now the Office of Insular Affairs at the Department of the Interior . The term insular possession is also sometimes used . Congress has extended citizenship rights by birth to all inhabited territories except American Samoa , and these citizens may vote and run for office in any U.S. jurisdiction in which they are residents . The people of American Samoa are U.S. nationals by place of birth , or they are U.S. citizens by parentage , or naturalization after residing in a State for three months . Nationals are free to move around and seek employment within the United States without immigration restrictions but can not vote or hold office outside of American Samoa . Residents of insular areas do not pay U.S. federal income taxes but are required to pay other U.S. federal taxes such as import/export taxes , federal commodity taxes , social security taxes , etc. . Individuals working for the federal government pay federal income taxes while all residents are required to pay federal payroll taxes ( Social Security and Medicare ) . The U.S. State Department uses the term insular area to refer not only to these territories under the sovereignty of the United States , but also those independent nations that have signed a Compact of Free Association with the United States . While these nations participate in many otherwise domestic programs , they are legally distinct from the United States and their inhabitants are not United States citizens or nationals . U.S. insular areas can be incorporated territories ( i.e. , incorporated within all provisions of the U.S. Constitution ) or unincorporated territories ( areas in which the U.S. Constitution applies partially ) . From the organization of the Northwest Territory in 1789 , all areas not admitted as States were under the direct control of Congress as organized incorporated territories , with some political autonomy at the local level . Since the admission of Hawaii to the Union in 1959 , there have been no incorporated territories other than the uninhabited Palmyra Atoll ( formerly part of the Hawaii Territory , it was excluded from the act of admission ) . Several overseas unincorporated territories are now independent countries including the Philippines , the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of Palau . Unlike within the states , sovereignty over insular areas rests not with the local people , but in Congress . In most areas , Congress has granted considerable self-rule through an Organic Act which functions as a local constitution . The Northwest Ordinance grants territories the right to send a non-voting delegate to the U.S. Congress . The United States government is part of several international disputes over the disposition of certain maritime and insular sovereignties some of which would be considered territories . See International territorial disputes of the United States .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "United_States", "score": 0.696377158164978, "text": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. ) or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse . At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco . Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States ( OAS ) , and other international organizations . The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Implications_of_Puerto_Rico's_current_political_status", "score": 0.6908016204833984, "text": "The current political status of Puerto Rico has ramifications into many spheres of Puerto Rican life , and there are limits to the level of autonomy the Puerto Rican government has . For example , the Island 's government is not fully autonomous , and the level of federal presence in the Island is common place , including a branch of the United States Federal District Court . There are also implications relative to the American citizenship carried by people born in Puerto Rico . Specifically , although people born in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico are natural born US citizens , they are not Article 14 citizens . Puerto Ricans are also covered by a group of `` fundamental civil rights '' but , since Puerto Rico is not a state , Puerto Ricans are not covered by the full American Bill of Rights . As for taxation and representation , Puerto Ricans pay all U.S. federal taxes , although most bona fide residents of the island are not required to file federal income tax returns . Representation-wise , Puerto Ricans have no voting representative in the U.S. Congress , but do have a Resident Commissioner who has a voice in Congress ( but no vote except for committee-level voting ) . Puerto Ricans must also serve in the United States military with the same duties as a US citizen residing in the other 50 states .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_Puerto_Ricans_missing_in_action_in_the_Korean_War", "score": 0.6884196996688843, "text": "The United States Department of Defense has estimated that approximately 61,000 Puerto Ricans served in the military during the Korean War , most of them volunteers . A total of 122 Puerto Rican soldiers were among the 8,200 people listed as missing in action ( MIA ) . This total does not include people of Puerto Rican descent who were born in the mainland of the United States . Spain officially ceded Puerto Rico to the United States under the terms of the 1898 Treaty of Paris which concluded the Spanish -- American War . It is a United States territory and upon the outbreak of World War I , the Congress enacted the Jones -- Shafroth Act , which gave Puerto Ricans American citizenship with certain limitations ( for example , Puerto Ricans are not allowed to vote in presidential elections ) . Thousands of Puerto Ricans participated in these conflicts . Many lived and returned to their homeland , others either died or have been listed as missing in action . The term `` MIA '' dates from 1946 and refers to a member of the armed services who is reported missing following a combat mission and whose status as to injury , capture , or death is unknown . The missing combatant must not have been otherwise accounted for as either killed in action or a prisoner of war . The Korean War was one of two major conflicts which accounted for the most Puerto Ricans missing in action , the other being the Vietnam War .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Estado_Libre_Asociado_de_Puerto_Rico", "score": 0.6867769360542297, "text": "Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico -LSB- esˈtaðo ˈliβɾe asoˈsjaðo ðe ˈpweɾto ˈriko -RSB- is the official name of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico . Literally translated , it means `` Associated Free State of Puerto Rico '' . The official name was adopted in 1952 . Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the United States . Some authorities have stated that the official name Estado Libre Asociado constitutes an euphemism , that is , a term intended to give positive appearances to negative events or even mislead entirely , and have charged that the official name in English of `` Commonwealth '' constitutes a fig leaf , i.e. , a term used figuratively and associated with the covering up of an act that is actually embarrassing or distasteful with something of innocuous appearance .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "List_of_Puerto_Rican_military_personnel", "score": 0.684305727481842, "text": "Throughout history Puerto Ricans , including people of Puerto Rican descent , have gained notability as members of the military . They have served and have fought for many countries , such as Canada , Cuba , England , Mexico , Spain , the United States and Venezuela . Puerto Ricans have fought and defended their homeland against attacks from the Caribs and pirates . They fought against the invasions of foreign countries and defeated the British , French , and Dutch in doing so . They fought alongside General Bernardo de Gálvez during the American Revolutionary War in the battles of Baton Rouge , Mobile , Pensacola and St. Louis . and in Europe against the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Siege of Saragossa . Puerto Ricans such as Augusto Rodríguez , who resided in the United States in the mid-19th century , fought in the American Civil War . They also fought against the Spanish Empire . They fought for Mexico 's independence and in the Latin American wars of independence alongside Simón Bolívar . In Puerto Rico they revolted against Spanish rule and fought for Puerto Rico 's independence in the Grito de Lares and in the Intentona de Yauco . They also fought for Cuba 's independence in the Ten Years ' War alongside General Máximo Gómez and as members of the Cuban Liberation Army alongside José Martí . At the end of the 19th century , Puerto Ricans fought alongside their Spanish counterparts in the Spanish -- American War against the United States in the Battle of San Juan Hill ; in Cuba as members of the 1st , 2nd and 3rd Puerto Rican Provisional Battalions ; and in Puerto Rico when the American military forces invaded the island , in what is known as the Puerto Rican Campaign . They also fought against the `` Tagalos '' during the Philippine Revolution . Puerto Rico became a territory of the United States upon the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10 , 1898 . Upon the outbreak of World War I , the U.S. Congress approved the Jones -- Shafroth Act , which gave Puerto Ricans American citizenship with certain limitations . For example they were , and still are , not permitted to vote for the President of the United States , who is also the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces , while residing on the island . However , with American citizenship , many Puerto Ricans , with the exception of women , became eligible for the military draft .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "History_of_Puerto_Rico", "score": 0.6831658482551575, "text": "The history of Puerto Rico began with the settlement of the archipelago of Puerto Rico by the Ortoiroid people between 3,000 and 2,000 BC . Other tribes , such as the Saladoid and Arawak Indians , populated the island between 430 BC and 1000 AD . At the time of Christopher Columbus 's arrival in the New World in 1492 , the dominant indigenous culture was that of the Taínos . The Taíno people 's numbers went dangerously low during the later half of the 16th century because of new infectious diseases carried by Europeans , exploitation by Spanish settlers , and warfare . Located in the northeastern Caribbean , Puerto Rico formed a key part of the Spanish Empire from the early years of the exploration , conquest and colonization of the New World . The island was a major military post during many wars between Spain and other European powers for control of the region in the 16th , 17th and 18th centuries . The smallest of the Greater Antilles , Puerto Rico was a stepping-stone in the passage from Europe to Cuba , Mexico , Central America , and the northern territories of South America . Throughout most of the 19th century until the conclusion of the Spanish -- American War , Puerto Rico and Cuba were the last two Spanish colonies in the New World ; they served as Spain 's final outposts in a strategy to regain control of the unicorn island territories , the Spanish Crown revived the Royal Decree of Graces of 1815 . The decree was printed in Spanish , English and French in order to attract Europeans , with the hope that the independence movements would lose their popularity and strength with the arrival of new settlers . Free land was offered to those who wanted to populate the islands on the condition that they swear their loyalty to the Spanish Crown and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church . In 1898 , during the Spanish -- American War , Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States . The first years of the 20th century were marked by the struggle to obtain greater democratic rights from the United States . The Foraker Act of 1900 , which established a civil government , and the Jones Act of 1917 , which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens , paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico 's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952 . However , the political status of Puerto Rico , a Commonwealth controlled by the United States , remains an anomaly .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Puerto_Rico_(Pando)", "score": 0.6826961040496826, "text": "Puerto Rico is a small town in Bolivia with a nearby airport , located in the Manuripi-Heath Amazonian Wildlife National Reserve . Category : Populated places in Pando Department", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Insular_Cases", "score": 0.6823033690452576, "text": "The Insular Cases are a series of opinions by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1901 , about the status of U.S. territories acquired in the Spanish -- American War . The Supreme Court held that full constitutional protection of rights does not automatically ( or ex proprio vigore -- i.e. , of its own force ) extend to all places under American control . This meant that inhabitants of unincorporated territories such as Puerto Rico -- `` even if they are U.S. citizens '' -- may lack some constitutional rights ( e.g. , the right to remain part of the United States in case of de-annexation ) . The Court also established the doctrine of territorial incorporation , under which the Constitution applied fully only in incorporated territories such as Alaska and Hawaii , whereas it applied only partially in the newly unincorporated Puerto Rico , Guam and the Philippines . The term `` insular '' signifies that the territories were islands administered by the War Department 's Bureau of Insular Affairs .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "United_States_politics_and_the_political_status_of_Puerto_Rico", "score": 0.6822582483291626, "text": "Both major United States political parties , ( the Democratic and the Republican parties ) , have expressed their support for the U.S. citizens in Puerto Rico to exercise their right to self-determination , with the Republican Party platform explicitly mentioning support for right to statehood and the Democratic Party platform expressing explicitly broader support for right to self-determination . Puerto Rico has been under U.S. sovereignty for over a century and Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917 , but the island 's ultimate status still has not been determined and its 3.9 million residents still do not have voting representation in their national government . The following are the appropriate section from the respective 2012 , 2008 , 2004 , and 2000 party platforms :", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Guam", "score": 0.6818227171897888, "text": "Guam ( -LSB- ˈɡwɑːm -RSB- or -LSB- ˈɡwɒm -RSB- Chamorro : Guåhån -LSB- ˈɡʷɑhɑn -RSB- formally the Territory of Guam ) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States . Located in the western Pacific Ocean , Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government . The capital city is Hagåtña and the most populous city is Dededo . In 2015 , 161,785 people resided on Guam . Guamanians are American citizens by birth . Guam has an area of 210 sq mi ( 544 km ² ) and a population density of 770/sq mi ( 297/km ² ) . It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia . Among its municipalities , Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 3,691 / sq mi ( 1,425 / km ² ) , whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 119/sq mi ( 47/km ² ) . The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 m above sea level . The Chamorros , Guam 's indigenous people , settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago . Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to visit the island on March 6 , 1521 . Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers , like Diego Luis de San Vitores , a Catholic missionary . Between the 16th century and the 18th century , Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons . During the Spanish -- American War , the United States captured Guam on June 21 , 1898 . Under the Treaty of Paris , Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10 , 1898 . Guam is among the seventeen Non-Self-Governing Territories of the United Nations . Before World War II , Guam and four other territories -- American Samoa , Hawaii , Wake Island , and the Philippines -- were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean . On December 7 , 1941 , hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor , Guam was captured by the Japanese , who occupied the island for thirty months . During the occupation , Guamanians were subjected to beheadings , forced labor , rape , and torture . Guam endured hostilities when American forces recaptured the island on July 21 , 1944 ; Liberation Day commemorates the victory . Since the 1960s , the economy has been supported by two industries : tourism and the United States Armed Forces .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Puerto_Rico_(Misiones)", "score": 0.6798928380012512, "text": "Puerto Rico is the capital city of the , in the Misiones Province of Argentina . It is located at 26 ° 48 ' south latitude and 55 ° 01 ' west longitude , along the Paraná River . It limits to the south with the city of Capioví , at east and north with the Garuhapé and to the east west with Paraguay . Strategically located along Route 12 , it is half way between the Iguazu Falls and the province 's capital Posadas . With almost 12.500 hectares , the city has a population of around 20.000 people , mainly composed of European immigrants . Category : Populated places in Misiones Province Category : Populated places established in 1919", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States", "score": 0.6792117953300476, "text": "The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states ( four of which use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full , legal state name ) , a federal district ( where the nation 's seat of government -- Washington , D.C. -- is located ) , five major territories , and various possessions . The 48 contiguous states and Washington , D.C. , are in central North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwestern part of North America ( also bordering Canada ) and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific . The territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . States are the primary subdivisions of the United States , and possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution , such as regulating intrastate commerce , running elections , creating local governments , and ratifying constitutional amendments . Each state has its own constitution , grounded in republican principles , and government , consisting of three branches : executive , legislative , and judicial . All states and their residents are represented in the federal Congress , a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives . Each state is represented by two Senators , while Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census . Additionally , each state is entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the Electoral College , the body that elects the President of the United States , equal to the total of Representatives and Senators in Congress from that state . Article IV , Section 3 , Clause 1 of the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union . Since the establishment of the United States in 1776 , the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50 . Each new state has been admitted on an equal footing with the existing states . As provided by Article I , Section 8 of the Constitution , Congress exercises `` exclusive jurisdiction '' over the federal district , which is not part of any state . Prior to passage of the 1973 District of Columbia Home Rule Act , which devolved certain Congressional powers to an elected mayor and council , the district did not have an elected local government . Even so , Congress retains the right to review and overturn laws created by the council and intervene in local affairs . As it is not a state , the district does not have representation in the Senate . However , since 1971 , its residents have been represented in the House of Representatives by a non-voting delegate . Additionally , since 1961 , following ratification of the 23rd Amendment , the district has been entitled to select three electors to vote in the Electoral College . In addition to the 50 states and federal district , the United States has sovereignty over 14 territories . Five of them ( American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands , Puerto Rico , and the U.S. Virgin Islands ) have a permanent , nonmilitary population , while nine of them ( the United States Minor Outlying Islands ) do not . With the exception of Navassa Island , Puerto Rico , and the U.S. Virgin Islands , which are located in the Caribbean , all territories are located in the Pacific Ocean . Navassa Island is claimed by Haiti . One territory , Palmyra Atoll , is considered to be incorporated , meaning the full body of the Constitution has been applied to it ; the other territories are unincorporated , meaning the Constitution does not fully apply to them . Ten territories ( the Minor Outlying Islands and American Samoa ) are considered to be unorganized , meaning they have not had an Organic Act enacted by Congress ; the four other territories are organized , meaning they have had an Organic Act that has been enacted by Congress . The five inhabited territories each have limited autonomy in addition to having territorial legislatures and governors , but residents can not vote in federal elections . California is the most populous state , with 38,332,521 residents ( 2013 estimate ) ; Wyoming is the least populous , with an estimated 582,658 residents . The District of Columbia , with an estimated 646,449 residents as of 2012 , has a higher population than the two least populous states ( Wyoming and Vermont ) . The largest state by area is Alaska , encompassing 665,384 square miles ( 1,723,337 square kilometers ) , while the smallest is Rhode Island , encompassing 1,545 square miles ( 4,002 square kilometers ) . The first state to ratify the current Constitution was Delaware , which it did on December 7 , 1787 , while the newest state is Hawaii , which was admitted to the Union on August 21 , 1959 . The largest territory in terms of both population and size is Puerto Rico , with 3,725,789 residents as of the 2010 Census and a total area of 5,325 square miles ( 13,792 square kilometers ) . The most recent entity to come under the sovereignty of the United States in its current form is the Northern Mariana Islands , which formally did so on November 3 , 1986 .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
179616
Michael Giacchino composed the score for Doctor Strange.
[ { "id": "Michael_Giacchino", "score": 0.7854518294334412, "text": "Michael Giacchino ( -LSB- dʒakˈkiːno -RSB- ; born October 10 , 1967 ) is an American composer of music for films , television and video games . He composed the scores to the television series Lost , Alias and Fringe , the video ' game series Medal of Honor and Call of Duty and many films such as The Incredibles , Ratatouille , Up , Mission : Impossible - Ghost Protocol , Dawn of the Planet of the Apes , Jurassic World , Inside Out , Star Trek Beyond , Doctor Strange , Rogue One and Spider-Man : Homecoming . Giacchino has received an Emmy Award and multiple Grammy Awards , as well as a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for his work on Up ." } ]
[ { "id": "Lost_Original_Television_Soundtracks", "score": 0.7105004787445068, "text": "The orchestral score of Lost is composed , orchestrated , and produced by Michael Giacchino and has been released on a series of soundtrack albums by Varèse Sarabande .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "The_Incredibles_(film_score)", "score": 0.7044926881790161, "text": "The Incredibles is the soundtrack album to the 2004 Disney-Pixar film of the same name composed by Michael Giacchino . The Incredibles is the first Pixar film to be scored by Michael Giacchino . Brad Bird was looking for a specific sound as inspired by the film 's design -- the future as seen from the 1960s . John Barry was the first choice to do the film 's score , with a trailer of the film given a rerecording of Barry 's theme to On Her Majesty 's Secret Service . However , Barry did not wish to duplicate the sound of some of his earlier soundtracks ; the assignment was instead given to Michael Giacchino . The complete orchestral score was released on November 2 , 2004 , three days before the film opened in theaters . It won numerous awards for Best Score and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media . Music used for the film 's trailers but not available on the soundtrack album includes `` On Her Majesty 's Secret Service '' , from the Propellerheads album Decksandrumsandrockandroll , as well as excerpts from the David Arnold project Shaken and Stirred : The David Arnold James Bond Project . The animated short Jack-Jack Attack , which accompanied the film 's DVD release also features the `` Alla Turca '' movement from Mozart 's Piano Sonata No. 11 , 4th movement of Eine kleine Nachtmusik and Dies irae from Requiem .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Doctor_Strange_(film)", "score": 0.6777997612953186, "text": "Doctor Strange is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the fourteenth film of the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) . The film is directed by Scott Derrickson , who wrote the film with Jon Spaihts and C. Robert Cargill , and stars Benedict Cumberbatch , Chiwetel Ejiofor , Rachel McAdams , Benedict Wong , Michael Stuhlbarg , Benjamin Bratt , Scott Adkins , Mads Mikkelsen , and Tilda Swinton . In Doctor Strange , surgeon Stephen Strange learns the mystic arts from the Ancient One after a career-ending car accident . Various incarnations of a Doctor Strange film had been in development since the mid-1980s , until Paramount Pictures acquired the film rights in April 2005 , on behalf of Marvel Studios . Thomas Dean Donnelly and Joshua Oppenheimer were brought on board in June 2010 to write a screenplay . In June 2014 , Derrickson and Spaihts were hired to direct and re-write the film , respectively . Cumberbatch was chosen for the eponymous role in December 2014 , necessitating a schedule change to work around his other commitments . This gave Derrickson time to work on the script himself , for which he brought Cargill on to help . The film began principal photography in November 2015 in Nepal , before moving to the United Kingdom , Hong Kong , and concluding in New York City in April 2016 . Doctor Strange held its world premiere in Hong Kong on October 13 , 2016 , and was released in the United States on November 4 , 2016 , in 3D and IMAX 3D . The film has grossed over $ 677 million worldwide , and was met with positive reviews from critics . It also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Star_Trek_Beyond_(soundtrack)", "score": 0.6686115860939026, "text": "Star Trek Beyond : Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2016 film , Star Trek Beyond , composed by Michael Giacchino . The soundtrack album was released in physical form on July 29 , 2016 , through Varèse Sarabande , as the follow-up to the critically successful 2009 soundtrack album Star Trek and the 2013 soundtrack album Star Trek Into Darkness .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Spider-Man:_Homecoming_(soundtrack)", "score": 0.6650590300559998, "text": "Spider-Man : Homecoming ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ) is the film score to the Columbia Pictures / Marvel Studios film Spider-Man : Homecoming composed by Michael Giacchino . The soundtrack album will be released by Sony Masterworks on July 7 , 2017 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Strange_Magic_(film)", "score": 0.6588726043701172, "text": "Strange Magic is a 2015 American computer-animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film directed by Gary Rydstrom , produced by Lucasfilm , with feature animation by Lucasfilm Animation and Industrial Light & Magic . The film 's screenplay was written by Rydstrom , David Berenbaum , and Irene Mecchi , from a story by George Lucas inspired by William Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream . The film stars Alan Cumming , Evan Rachel Wood , Kristin Chenoweth , Maya Rudolph , and Alfred Molina . The score was composed by Marius de Vries and includes contemporary songs , such as `` Love Is Strange '' . Lucas had been working on developing the project for 15 years before production began . The film is the first Lucasfilm production to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios , after the parent company 's purchase of the studio in 2013 . Touchstone Pictures released the film on January 23 , 2015 . The film grossed $ 13.6 million worldwide .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Jurassic_World:_Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack", "score": 0.6575127243995667, "text": "Jurassic World : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to Jurassic World composed by Michael Giacchino . The album was released digitally and physically on June 9 , 2015 by Back Lot Music .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Star_Trek_Into_Darkness_(soundtrack)", "score": 0.6571206450462341, "text": "Star Trek Into Darkness : Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2013 film , Star Trek Into Darkness , composed by Michael Giacchino . The score was recorded over seven sessions at the Sony Scoring Stage in Culver City , California , on March 5 -- 9 and April 2 and 3 , 2013 . It was performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony in conjuncture with Page LA Studio Voices . The soundtrack album was released in physical form on May 21 , 2013 , through Varèse Sarabande , as the follow-up to the critically successful 2009 soundtrack album Star Trek .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Up_(film_score)", "score": 0.649108350276947, "text": "Up is the original score album , featured on the 2009 film of the same name composed by Michael Giacchino . This is his third feature film for Pixar after The Incredibles and Ratatouille . Giacchino wrote a character theme-based score that the filmmakers felt enhanced the story of the film . Up received positive reviews from music critics and won major awards . Despite being well regarded , Up was not released as a compact disc ( CD ) until 2011 , when it became available via Intrada Records . The score album was nominated to multiple awards . It earned two Grammy Awards : Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture , Television or Other Visual Media and Best Instrumental Composition for `` Married Life '' , at the 2010 ceremony . The score also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score at 67th Golden Globe Awards , the Academy Award for Best Original Score at the 82nd Academy Awards , and the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music . Up was the first Disney film since Pocahontas to win the Academy Award for Best Original Score , spanning a gap of 14 years , and the first Pixar film to win the award . It also became one of few scores to win an Oscar , a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and a Grammy .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher's_Stone_(soundtrack)", "score": 0.6384738683700562, "text": "The soundtrack to Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( or Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone in the United States , India , and Pakistan ) was released on 30 October 2001 . The film 's score was composed and conducted by John Williams . The soundtrack was nominated for Best Original Score at the 74th Academy Awards . The film introduces many character-specific themes ( leitmotifs ) that are used in at least one sequel as well , although most of the themes are only used again in Chamber of Secrets . These themes include two themes for Voldemort , two themes for Hogwarts , a Diagon Alley theme , a Quidditch theme , a flying theme , two friendship themes , and the main theme ( `` Hedwig 's Theme '' ) . This main theme can be found in all of the films although not usually in its unaltered state . The soundtrack was certified gold in Canada ( 50,000 units ) by the Canadian Recording Industry Association on 14 December 2001 . It was also certified gold in Japan for 100,000 units by the RIAJ . In 2002 , the soundtrack was nominated for Best Original Score at the 74th Academy Awards in which Williams took part in conducting the ceremony . However , Williams lost to Howard Shore 's score of The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring . The soundtrack was performed at Air Lyndhurst Studios and Abbey Road Studios in London . It entered the Billboard 200 at 48 and also charted at 2 on the Top Soundtracks Chart . In UK , the album charted at number 19 .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Doctor_Strange", "score": 0.637243926525116, "text": "Stephen Vincent Strange , M.D. is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by artist Steve Ditko and writer Stan Lee , the character first appeared in Strange Tales # 110 ( cover-dated July 1963 ) . Doctor Strange serves as the Sorcerer Supreme , the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats . Inspired by stories of black magic and Chandu the Magician , Strange was created during the Silver Age of Comics to bring a different kind of character and themes of mysticism to Marvel Comics . The character 's origin story relates that he was once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon . After a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery , he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One . After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts . Along with knowing many powerful spells , he has a costume with two mystical objects -- the Cloak of Levitation and Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers . Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet , Wong , and a large assortment of mystical objects . He takes up residence in a mansion called the Sanctum Sanctorum , located in New York City . Later , Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme . In 2008 , Doctor Strange was ranked 83rd in Wizards `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , and in 2012 was ranked 33rd in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' . He was also ranked 38th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes '' . The character was first portrayed in live-action by Peter Hooten in the 1978 television film Dr. Strange . Benedict Cumberbatch stars as the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in the role in the 2016 film Doctor Strange .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Mission:_Impossible_III_(soundtrack)", "score": 0.6357192993164062, "text": "Mission : Impossible III -- Music from the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is a soundtrack album for the 2006 film Mission : Impossible III , composed by Michael Giacchino . Unlike the previous two films in the series , there was no album released containing the film 's contemporary music .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "The_Incredibles", "score": 0.6355838179588318, "text": "The Incredibles is a 2004 American computer-animated superhero film written and directed by Brad Bird , produced by Pixar Animation Studios , and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The film follows a family of superheroes who are forced to hide their powers and live a quiet suburban life . Mr. Incredible 's desire to help people draws the entire family into a battle with his longtime enemy -- Syndrome , who was once his fan and now plots to wipe out every single superhuman being on Earth with his killer robot . Bird , who was Pixar 's first outside director , developed the film as an extension of 1960s comic books and spy films from his boyhood and personal family life . He pitched the film to Pixar after the box office disappointment of his first feature , The Iron Giant ( 1999 ) , and carried over much of its staff to develop The Incredibles . The animation team was tasked with animating an all-human cast , which required creating new technology to animate detailed human anatomy , clothing and realistic skin and hair . Michael Giacchino composed the film 's orchestral score . The film premiered on October 27 , 2004 , at the BFI London Film Festival and had its general release in the United States on November 5 , 2004 . The film performed well at the box office , grossing $ 633 million worldwide during its original theatrical run . The Incredibles was met with high critical acclaim , garnering high marks from professional critics , and provoking commentary on its themes . The film received the 2004 Annie Award for Best Animated Feature , along with two Academy Awards . It became the first entirely animated film to win the prestigious Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation . A sequel , The Incredibles 2 , is scheduled for release on June 15 , 2018 .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Let_Me_In:_Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack", "score": 0.6335291862487793, "text": "Let Me In : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is a soundtrack album for the film of the same name . It was released by Varèse Sarabande on October 12 , 2010 . The soundtrack was composed by Academy Award winner Michael Giacchino .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Michael_Marcuzzi", "score": 0.628288984298706, "text": "Michael Marcuzzi is a visual effects artist . He won a 2017 Annie Award in Outstanding Achievement , Animated Effects in a Live Action Production for his work on Doctor Strange . Marcuzzi won the award along with Georg Kaltenbrunner , Thomas Bevan , Andrew Graham and Jihyun Yoon .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Jihyun_Yoon", "score": 0.6229154467582703, "text": "Jihyun Yoon is a visual effects artist . He won a 2017 Annie Award in Outstanding Achievement , Animated Effects in a Live Action Production for his work on Doctor Strange . Yoon won the award along with Georg Kaltenbrunner , Michael Marcuzzi , Thomas Bevan and Andrew Graham .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Profondo_Rosso_(soundtrack)", "score": 0.6226332187652588, "text": "The soundtrack to the film Deep Red was mainly composed and performed by the Italian progressive rock band Goblin . Director Dario Argento had originally contacted jazz pianist and composer Giorgio Gaslini to score the film , but he was unhappy with his output , deeming it `` awful '' . After failing to get Pink Floyd to write music for the film , Argento turned back to Italy and found Goblin . In the final score , only three of Gaslini 's original themes were retained ; however , in the film 's original theatrical release , Gaslini was given full composer credit for the entire score , while Goblin were wrongly credited only as performers -LSB- i.e. `` Music by Giorgio Gaslini , performed by Goblin '' -RSB- . This was corrected in subsequent home video releases .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Speed_Racer_(soundtrack)", "score": 0.6170461177825928, "text": "Speed Racer : Original Motion Picture Score is the soundtrack of the film of the same name , which is based on the Japanese anime and manga series Speed Racer by Tatsunoko Productions . The score was composed by Michael Giacchino . It was originally released on May 6 , 2008 by Varèse Sarabande . In Japan , it was released by Geneon Entertainment on June 25 , 2008 . The orchestral score is performed by Hollywood Studio Symphony . Along with it an updated version of the `` Go , Speed Racer , Go '' theme song performed by Ali Dee and the Deekompressors was used in the film 's ending credits . In 2007 , its rights were purchased by The Wachowski Brothers , the writer , producers and film 's directors , for use in the film . `` Go , Speed Racer , Go '' was released as a single in the same day of soundtrack 's release . The soundtrack overall has been well received by music critics .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Shawn_Pierce", "score": 0.6165384650230408, "text": "Shawn Pierce is a television score composer .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Andrew_Graham_(effects_artist)", "score": 0.6155259013175964, "text": "Andrew Graham is a visual effects artist . He won a 2017 Annie Award in Outstanding Achievement , Animated Effects in a Live Action Production for his work on Doctor Strange . Graham won the award along with Georg Kaltenbrunner , Michael Marcuzzi , Thomas Bevan and Jihyun Yoon .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
207456
Stranger than Fiction is a film.
[ { "id": "Stranger_than_Fiction_(2006_film)", "score": 0.784289538860321, "text": "Stranger than Fiction is a 2006 American fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Marc Forster , produced by Lindsay Doran , and written by Zach Helm . The film stars Will Ferrell , Maggie Gyllenhaal , Dustin Hoffman , Queen Latifah , and Emma Thompson . The main plot follows Harold Crick ( portrayed by Ferrell ) , a nondescript white-collar worker who begins hearing a disembodied voice narrating his life as it happens -- seemingly the text of a novel in which it is stated that he will soon die -- and he frantically seeks to somehow prevent that ending . The film was shot on location in Chicago , and has been praised for its innovative , intelligent story and fine performances . Ferrell , who came to prominence playing brash comedic parts , garnered particular attention for offering a restrained performance in his first starring dramatic role ." } ]
[ { "id": "Stranger_than_Fiction_(2000_film)", "score": 0.7139690518379211, "text": "Stranger Than Fiction is a 2000 comedy-thriller film directed by Eric Bross and starring Mackenzie Astin .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Truth_Stranger_Than_Fiction", "score": 0.7098485231399536, "text": "Truth Stranger Than Fiction is a 1915 drama film featuring Harry Carey .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Stranger_than_Fiction_(Five_Finger_Death_Punch_song)", "score": 0.693440854549408, "text": "`` Stranger than Fiction '' is a song by American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch . It was included as one of the three bonus tracks on the re-release of their debut album , The Way of the Fist . It was released as the third single from their The Way of the Fist on September 17 , 2008 .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Fictional_film", "score": 0.6911060810089111, "text": "Fictional film , fiction film or narrative film is a film that tells a fictional or fictionalized story , event or narrative . In this style of film , believable narratives and characters help convince the audience that the unfolding fiction is real . Lighting and camera movement , among other cinematic elements , have become increasingly important in these films . Great detail goes into the screenplays of narratives , as these films rarely deviate from the predetermined behaviours and lines of the classical style of screenplay writing to maintain a sense of realism . Actors must deliver dialogue and action in a believable way , so as to persuade the audience that the film is real life .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Stranger_than_Fiction_(John_Surman_album)", "score": 0.6878702044487, "text": "Stranger than Fiction is an album by English saxophonist John Surman featuring John Taylor , Chris Laurence and John Marshall recorded in 1993 and released on the ECM label .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Stranger_than_Fiction_(compilation_album)", "score": 0.6805950999259949, "text": "Stranger Than Fiction is an album by various performers , most of whom are professional writers and amateur singers , released in 1998 on Kathi Kamen Goldmark 's `` Do n't Quit Your Day Job '' Records . This album is an offshoot of the Rock Bottom Remainders , aka the Wrockers ( `` writer '' + `` rocker '' ) . The artists on Stranger Than Fiction include not only many of the Remainders , such as bestselling authors Stephen King , Amy Tan and Dave Barry , but also rock critics Dave Marsh , Ben Fong-Torres and Greil Marcus , film critic Leonard Maltin and such literary heavyweights as Norman Mailer and Maya Angelou . Warren Zevon contributed liner notes and a variety of famous musicians played on the tracks , including Zevon , Jeff `` Skunk '' Baxter of the Doobie Brothers , and Jerry Jeff Walker . Proceeds from this project were contributed to a variety of charities promoting literature and literacy .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Stranger_than_Fiction_(Ultra_Nate_album)", "score": 0.6802416443824768, "text": "Stranger than Fiction is the fourth album by singer-songwriter , Ultra Nate . This album was released on April 24 , 2001 on the label , Strictly Rhythm .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Film", "score": 0.6786284446716309, "text": "A film , also called a movie , motion picture , theatrical film , or photoplay , is a series of still images which , when shown on a screen , creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon . This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession . The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry . A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera ; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques ; by means of CGI and computer animation ; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects . The word `` cinema '' , short for cinematography , is often used to refer to the industry of films and filmmaking or to the art of filmmaking itself . The contemporary definition of cinema is the art of simulating experiences to communicate ideas , stories , perceptions , feelings , beauty or atmosphere by the means of recorded or programmed moving images along with other sensory stimulations . Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process and then shown through a movie projector onto a large screen . The adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates . Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the entire process of production , distribution , and exhibition from start to finish . Films recorded in a photochemical form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack , which is a graphic recording of the spoken words , music and other sounds that accompany the images . It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected . Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures . They reflect those cultures , and , in turn , affect them . Film is considered to be an important art form , a source of popular entertainment , and a powerful medium for educating -- or indoctrinating -- citizens . The visual basis of film gives it a universal power of communication . Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer . Some have criticized the film industry 's glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women . The individual images that make up a film are called frames . During projection of traditional films , a rotating shutter causes intervals of darkness as each frame , in turn , is moved into position to be projected , but the viewer does not notice the interruptions because of an effect known as persistence of vision , whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed . The perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon . The name `` film '' originates from the fact that photographic film ( also called film stock ) has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures . Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture , including picture , picture show , moving picture , photoplay , and flick . The most common term in the United States is movie , while in Europe film is preferred . Terms for the field , in general , include the big screen , the silver screen , the movies , and cinema ; the latter is commonly used in scholarly texts and critical essays , especially by European writers . In early years , the word sheet was sometimes used instead of screen .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Stranger_than_Fiction:_True_Stories", "score": 0.6760399341583252, "text": "Stranger Than Fiction : True Stories ( published in the United Kingdom & Australia as Nonfiction ) is a non-fiction book by Chuck Palahniuk , published in 2004 . It is a collection of essays , stories , and interviews written for various magazines and newspapers . Some of the pieces had also been previously published on the internet . The book is divided into three sections : `` People Together '' , articles about people who find unique ways of achieving togetherness ; `` Portraits '' , interviews and short essays mostly about famous people ; and `` Personal '' , autobiographical pieces . An abridged audiobook version read by the author was released at the same time as the print edition . An unabridged version co-read by Dennis Boutsikaris was released later .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Stranger_than_Fiction_(Kevin_Gates_album)", "score": 0.6732118129730225, "text": "Stranger Than Fiction is the debut commercial mixtape by the American rapper Kevin Gates . It was published on July 16 , 2013 . The release peaked at number 37 on the U.S. Billboard 200 , selling 8,000 copies in the first week . The album was a contractual obligation with Breadwinners Records , after Gates had signed with Atlantic Records earlier in the year .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Mockumentary", "score": 0.6718460321426392, "text": "A mockumentary ( a portmanteau of mock and documentary ) or docucomedy is a type of movie or television show depicting fictional events but presented as a documentary . These productions are often used to analyze or comment on current events and issues by using a fictional setting , or to parody the documentary form itself . While not always comedic , comedic mockumentaries are common . A dramatic mockumentary ( sometimes referred to as docufiction ) should not be confused with docudrama , a fictional genre in which dramatic techniques are combined with documentary elements to depict real events . Mockumentaries are often presented as historical documentaries , with B roll and talking heads discussing past events , or as cinéma vérité pieces following people as they go through various events . Examples emerged during the 1950s when archival film footage became relatively easy to locate . A very early example was a short piece on the `` Swiss Spaghetti Harvest '' that appeared as an April fools ' joke on the British television program Panorama in 1957 . The term `` mockumentary '' , which originated in the 1960s , was popularized in the mid-1980s when This Is Spinal Tap director Rob Reiner used it in interviews to describe that film . Mockumentaries are often partly or wholly improvised , as an unscripted style of acting helps to maintain the pretense of reality . Comedic mockumentaries rarely have laugh tracks , also to sustain the atmosphere , although exceptions exist .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Stranger_than_Fiction_(Bad_Religion_album)", "score": 0.6672448515892029, "text": "Stranger than Fiction is the eighth full-length studio album ( tenth release overall ) by Bad Religion , released in 1994 ( see 1994 in music ) .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "The_Stranger_(1984_film)", "score": 0.6654744744300842, "text": "The Stranger is a South Korean film .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Docufiction", "score": 0.6613912582397461, "text": "Docufiction ( or docu-fiction ) , often confused with docudrama , is the cinematographic combination of documentary and fiction , this term often meaning narrative film . It is a film genre which attempts to capture reality such as it is ( as direct cinema or cinéma vérité ) and which simultaneously introduces unreal elements or fictional situations in narrative in order to strengthen the representation of reality using some kind of artistic expression . More precisely , it is a documentary contaminated with fictional elements , in real time , filmed when the events take place , and in which the main character or characters -- often portrayed by non-professional or amateur actors -- are essentially playing themselves , or slightly fictionalized versions of themselves , in a fictionalized scenario . In this sense , docufiction may overlap to an extent with some aspects of the mockumentary format , but the terms are not synonymous . A film genre in expansion , it is adopted by a number of experimental filmmakers . The new term docufiction appeared at the beginning of the 21st century . It is now commonly used in several languages and widely accepted for classification by international film festivals . Either in cinema or television , docufiction is , anyway , a film genre in full development during the first decade of this century . The word docufiction is also sometimes used to refer to literary journalism ( creative nonfiction ) .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Stranger_Than_Fiction_(Keith_LeBlanc_album)", "score": 0.6577903628349304, "text": "Stranger Than Fiction is the second album by drummer Keith LeBlanc , released in 1989 by Enigma Records .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Stranger_Things_(film)", "score": 0.6517773270606995, "text": "Stranger Things is a 2010 American-British drama film directed by Eleanor Burke and Ron Eyal . It details the bond that grows between Mani , a homeless vagrant , and Oona , a lonely woman who allows him to stay in her garden shed . Critical reaction to the film has been positive , with The New York Times calling it `` unexpectedly profound '' .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Stranger_than_Fiction_(Bad_Religion_song)", "score": 0.6438195109367371, "text": "`` Stranger than Fiction '' is a song by American punk rock band Bad Religion , featured on their 1994 album with the same title . It was also the album 's third single and is widely considered to be one of their best known songs . More than a decade after its release , `` Stranger Than Fiction '' remains one of the band 's concert staples . The live version also appears on their 2006 live DVD Live at the Palladium . At a Bad Religion concert in 1996 , frontman Greg Graffin sang `` I wan na know why Gurewitz cracked , sometimes truth is stranger than fiction '' , referring to then-former and now-current guitarist Brett Gurewitz , as opposed to `` I want to know why Hemingway cracked , sometimes truth is stranger than fiction '' .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "List_of_films_featuring_fictional_films", "score": 0.642716646194458, "text": "A body of films feature fictional films as part of their narrative . These are also called films within films .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Pseudo-documentary", "score": 0.6412048935890198, "text": "A pseudo-documentary is a film or video production that takes the form or style of a documentary film but does not portray real events . Rather , scripted and fictional elements are used to tell the story . The pseudo-documentary , unlike the related mockumentary , is not always intended as satire or humor . It may use documentary camera techniques but with fabricated sets , actors , or situations , and it may use digital effects to alter the filmed scene or even create a wholly synthetic scene .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Science_fiction_film", "score": 0.6326476335525513, "text": "Science fiction film ( or sci-fi ) is a genre that uses speculative , fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science , such as extraterrestrial lifeforms , alien worlds , extrasensory perception and time travel , along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft , robots , cyborgs , interstellar travel or other technologies . Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues , and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition . In many cases , tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held . The genre has existed since the early years of silent cinema , when Georges Melies ' A Trip to the Moon ( 1902 ) employed trick photography effects . The next major example in the genre was the film Metropolis ( 1927 ) - being the first feature length science fiction movie . From the 1930s to the 1950s , the genre consisted mainly of low-budget B movies . After Stanley Kubrick 's landmark 2001 : A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ) , the science fiction film genre was taken more seriously . In the late 1970s , big-budget science fiction films filled with special effects became popular with audiences after the success of Star Wars and paved the way for the blockbuster hits of subsequent decades .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
3
Chris Hemsworth appeared in A Perfect Getaway.
[ { "id": "Chris_Hemsworth", "score": 0.7403294444084167, "text": "Chris Hemsworth ( born 11 August 1983 ) is an Australian actor . He is known for playing Kim Hyde in the Australian TV series Home and Away ( 2004-07 ) and Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe since 2011 . Hemsworth has also appeared in the science fiction action film Star Trek ( 2009 ) , the thriller adventure A Perfect Getaway ( 2009 ) , the horror comedy The Cabin in the Woods ( 2012 ) , the dark-fantasy action film Snow White and the Huntsman ( 2012 ) , the war film Red Dawn ( 2012 ) , and the biographical sports drama film Rush ( 2013 ) . In 2015 , he starred in the action thriller film Blackhat , had a comedic role in the fifth installment of National Lampoon 's Vacation series , Vacation , and headlined the biographical thriller film In the Heart of the Sea . The following year , Hemsworth had a supporting role in Sony 's reboot of Ghostbusters . Hemsworth will reprise his role as George Kirk in the upcoming Star Trek sequel ." } ]
[ { "id": "The_Getaway_(1972_film)", "score": 0.6678603887557983, "text": "The Getaway is a 1972 American neo-noir crime film directed by Sam Peckinpah . The screenplay by Walter Hill was based on the 1958 novel of the same name by Jim Thompson . Starring Steve McQueen , Ali MacGraw , Ben Johnson , Al Lettieri , Sally Struthers , Jack Dodson , and Slim Pickens , the film tells the story of convicted robber Carter `` Doc '' McCoy ( McQueen ) , who orders corrupt politician Jack Beynon ( Johnson ) a release from prison through his wife , Carol McCoy ( MacGraw ) . In exchange , Doc masterminds a bank heist organized by Beynon . A series of double-crosses ensues , and the McCoys attempt to flee from their pursuers to Mexico . The film marks the second collaboration between McQueen and Peckinpah after Junior Bonner , also released the same year . Jim Thompson was originally tapped by McQueen and producer David Foster to write the film adaptation of his book ; he wrote the script in four months . Due to creative differences , however , McQueen replaced him with Walter Hill ; he wrote the script in six weeks . Filming commenced on February 7 , 1972 , and was shot on location in Texas . During production , McQueen and MacGraw began an affair . Likewise , McQueen and Peckinpah would get involved in heated arguments due to the latter 's increasing alcohol intake . Originally scored by longtime collaborator Jerry Fielding , Peckinpah became unimpressed with Fielding 's soundtrack and he hired Quincy Jones to rescore it . Jones was then nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score for his workthe only nomination the film has received . The Getaway was released on December 13 , 1972 . A box office hit earning over $ 36 million in the United States alone , the film was one of the most financially successful productions of Peckinpah 's and McQueen 's careers , notwithstanding generally negative reception from critics upon its premiere . The film was remade in 1994 , with Alec Baldwin and Kim Basinger in the starring roles .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Luke_Hemsworth", "score": 0.6278349161148071, "text": "Luke Hemsworth ( born 5 November 1980 ) is an Australian actor who is known for his role as Nathan Tyson in the TV series Neighbours and Ashley Stubbs in the HBO sci-fi series Westworld .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Liam_Hemsworth", "score": 0.6273625493049622, "text": "Liam Hemsworth ( born 13 January 1990 ) is an Australian actor . He played the role of Josh Taylor in the soap opera Neighbours and as Marcus on the children 's television series The Elephant Princess . In American films , Hemsworth starred in The Last Song ( 2010 ) , as Gale Hawthorne in The Hunger Games film series ( 2012-2015 ) , and as Jake Morrison in Independence Day : Resurgence ( 2016 ) . Hemsworth 's older brothers , Luke and Chris , are also actors .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Getaway_(film)", "score": 0.6232579350471497, "text": "Getaway is a 2013 American action thriller film starring Ethan Hawke , Selena Gomez and Jon Voight . Directed by Courtney Solomon and written by Gregg Maxwell Parker and Sean Finegan , the film is distributed by Warner Bros. , the last Dark Castle Entertainment film to be released by Warner Bros. , as Universal Studios took Dark Castle over in 2013 . Though originally reported to be a remake of the 1972 film The Getaway , the film is actually an original story . This is the first film directed by Solomon in eight years , with his last being 2005 's An American Haunting .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Thor_(film)", "score": 0.6218191981315613, "text": "Thor is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the fourth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was directed by Kenneth Branagh , written by Ashley Edward Miller & Zack Stentz and Don Payne , and stars Chris Hemsworth , Natalie Portman , Tom Hiddleston , Stellan Skarsgård , Colm Feore , Ray Stevenson , Idris Elba , Kat Dennings , Rene Russo and Anthony Hopkins . The film sees Thor , the crown prince of Asgard , banished to Earth and stripped of his powers after he reignites a dormant war . As his brother , Loki , plots to take the throne for himself , Thor must prove himself worthy and reclaim his hammer Mjolnir . Sam Raimi first developed the concept of a film adaptation of Thor in 1991 , but soon abandoned the project , leaving it in `` development hell '' for several years . During this time , the rights were picked up by various film studios until Marvel Studios signed Mark Protosevich to develop the project in 2006 , and planned to finance it and release it through Paramount Pictures . Matthew Vaughn was originally assigned to direct the film for a tentative 2010 release . However , after Vaughn was released from his holding deal in 2008 , Branagh was approached and the film 's release was rescheduled into 2011 . The main characters were cast in 2009 , and principal photography took place in California and New Mexico from January to May 2010 . The film was converted to 3D in post-production . Thor premiered on April 17 , 2011 , in Sydney , Australia and was released on May 6 , 2011 , in the United States . The film was a financial success and received positive reviews from film critics . The DVD and Blu-ray sets were released on September 13 , 2011 . A sequel , Thor : The Dark World , was released on November 8 , 2013 . A third film , Thor : Ragnarok is set to be released on November 3 , 2017 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "A_Perfect_World", "score": 0.6210277676582336, "text": "A Perfect World is a 1993 crime drama road film directed by Clint Eastwood , and starring Kevin Costner as an escaped convict who befriends a young boy ( T.J. Lowther ) , and ends up embarking on a road trip with the child . Eastwood co-stars as a Texas Ranger in pursuit of the convict .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Cash_(2010_film)", "score": 0.6208494901657104, "text": "Cash ( stylized as Ca $ h ) is a 2010 American independent crime-thriller film directed by Stephen Milburn Anderson that stars Sean Bean and Chris Hemsworth .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "A_Perfect_Man_(2013_film)", "score": 0.6124874949455261, "text": "A Perfect Man is a 2013 film .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "The_Getaway_(1994_film)", "score": 0.6065309643745422, "text": "The Getaway is a 1994 crime film directed by Roger Donaldson . The screenplay was written by Walter Hill and Amy Holden Jones , based on the Jim Thompson novel of the same name . The film stars Alec Baldwin and Kim Basinger , with Michael Madsen , James Woods , and Jennifer Tilly in supporting roles .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Vacation_(2015_film)", "score": 0.6049166917800903, "text": "Vacation is a 2015 American comedy film written and directed by Jonathan Goldstein and John Francis Daley ( in their directorial debuts ) . It stars Ed Helms , Christina Applegate , Skyler Gisondo , Steele Stebbins , Leslie Mann , Chris Hemsworth , Beverly D'Angelo , and Chevy Chase . It is the fifth installment of the Vacation film series serving as both a modernized reboot and a sequel to the original four films . It is also the second not to carry the National Lampoon name after Vegas Vacation , and was released by New Line Cinema and Warner Bros. on July 29 , 2015 . the film has received negative reviews from critics but it was a box office success , earning $ 104.9 million on a $ 31 million budget .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Red_Dawn_(2012_film)", "score": 0.6025675535202026, "text": "Red Dawn is a 2012 American war film directed by Dan Bradley . The screenplay by Carl Ellsworth and Jeremy Passmore is based on the 1984 film of the same name . The film stars Chris Hemsworth , Josh Peck , Josh Hutcherson , Adrianne Palicki , Isabel Lucas , and Jeffrey Dean Morgan . The film centers on a group of young people who defend their hometown from a North Korean invasion . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer announced its intention to remake Red Dawn in May 2008 and subsequently hired Bradley and Ellsworth . The principal characters were cast the following year and the film went into production in September 2009 in Mount Clemens , Michigan . Originally scheduled to be released on November 24 , 2010 , the film was shelved because of MGM 's financial troubles . While in post-production , the invading army and antagonists were changed from Chinese to North Korean in order to maintain access to China 's box office . FilmDistrict bought the worldwide distribution rights in September 2011 and the film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2012 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Matt_Damon_filmography", "score": 0.600428581237793, "text": "Matt Damon is an American actor , producer and screenwriter . He made his screen debut at the age of 18 with a minor role in the 1988 film Mystic Pizza . After appearing in a series of supporting parts in much of the 1990s , Francis Ford Coppola cast Damon as the lead of the 1997 legal drama The Rainmaker . His breakthrough came later that year when he played the title role of an unrecognized genius in Good Will Hunting , a drama which he also co-wrote with Ben Affleck . Damon and Affleck won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and Damon was nominated for Best Actor . He followed it by playing the title roles of a soldier in Steven Spielberg 's war drama Saving Private Ryan ( 1998 ) and of the criminal Tom Ripley in the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , both of which gained critical and commercial success . Damon 's profile continued to expand in the 2000s , as he took on starring roles in two lucrative film franchises . He featured as a con man in Steven Soderbergh 's Ocean 's Trilogy ( 2001 -- 07 ) and played the titular spy Jason Bourne in four of the five films in the Bourne series ( 2002 -- 16 ) . Damon co-wrote , co-edited and starred in the drama Gerry in 2002 , which polarized film critics . He played an energy analyst in the thriller Syriana in 2005 , and the following year , he collaborated with Leonardo DiCaprio and Martin Scorsese in the acclaimed crime drama The Departed . He portrayed the rugby player Francois Pienaar opposite Morgan Freeman 's Nelson Mandela in the sports drama Invictus ( 2009 ) , which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor . Damon continued to gain praise for his collaborations with Soderbergh on the crime film The Informant ! ( 2009 ) and the drama Behind the Candelabra ( 2013 ) . In the former , he played the whistleblower Mark Whitacre and in the latter , he played Scott Thorson , the disgruntled lover of Liberace , for which he received an Emmy Award nomination . In 2012 , Damon and Affleck launched the production company Pearl Street Films . Their first projectthe drama Promised Landwhich Damon co-wrote and starred with John Krasinski , performed below expectations . His biggest commercial successes in the 2010s came with the western True Grit ( 2010 ) , and the science fiction films Elysium ( 2013 ) and The Martian ( 2015 ) . In the latter , which earned over $ 630 million to become his highest-grossing release , Damon played a botanist stranded on Mars , for which he received an Oscar nomination and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . With box office receipts of over $ 3 billion in North America , Damon ranks among Hollywood 's most commercially successful actors . Damon has featured as a guest star in the television shows Will & Grace ( 2002 ) , Entourage ( 2009 ) and 30 Rock ( 2010 -- 11 ) , among others . A production company he formed in 2000 with Affleck and Sean Bailey , named LivePlanet , produced Project Greenlight ( 2001 -- 05 , 2015 ) , a television series that helps newcomers develop their first film . Damon has served as the executive producer of a number of projects directed by the winners of the show . In addition , he has narrated several documentaries , including The People Speak ( 2009 ) and Inside Job ( 2010 ) .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "The_Town_(2010_film)", "score": 0.5999113917350769, "text": "The Town is a 2010 American crime drama film co-written , directed by and starring Ben Affleck , adapted from Chuck Hogan 's novel Prince of Thieves . It also stars Rebecca Hall , Jon Hamm , Jeremy Renner , Blake Lively , Titus Welliver , Pete Postlethwaite and Chris Cooper and follows a group of Boston bank robbers who set out to get one final score by robbing Fenway Park . The film premiered on September 8 , 2010 at the Venice Film Festival before being released in the United States on September 17 , 2010 to positive reviews . Renner was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance , while Postlethwaite was posthumously nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "The_Perfect_Score", "score": 0.5998122096061707, "text": "The Perfect Score is a 2004 American teen heist film directed by Brian Robbins , starring Erika Christensen , Chris Evans , Bryan Greenberg , Scarlett Johansson , Darius Miles , and Leonardo Nam . The film focuses on a group of six high school students whose futures will be jeopardized if they fail the upcoming SAT exam . They conspire to break into the ETS building and steal the answers to the exam , so they can all get perfect scores . The film deals with the themes of one 's future , morality , individuality , and feelings . The Perfect Score has similarities to other high school films , including The Breakfast Club ( 1985 ) and Dazed and Confused ( 1993 ) , which are often referenced throughout the film . However , the film was panned by most critics and performed poorly at the box office .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Perfect_(film)", "score": 0.5969757437705994, "text": "Perfect is a 1985 American romantic drama film starring John Travolta and Jamie Lee Curtis , directed by James Bridges . The film was based on a series of articles that appeared in Rolling Stone magazine in the late 1970s , chronicling the popularity of Los Angeles health clubs amongst single people .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Paranoia_(2013_film)", "score": 0.5942507982254028, "text": "Paranoia is an American thriller film directed by Robert Luketic . Barry L. Levy and Jason Hall wrote the screenplay , loosely based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Joseph Finder . It stars Liam Hemsworth , Gary Oldman , Amber Heard , and Harrison Ford . The film was released on August 16 , 2013 , and grossed $ 13.8 million . It was described as `` clichéd and unoriginal '' on Rotten Tomatoes , where it has a 6 % approval rating .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe_film_actors", "score": 0.5884605646133423, "text": "The Marvel Cinematic Universe is a media franchise and shared fictional universe that is the setting of superhero films independently produced by Marvel Studios , based on characters that appear in Marvel Comics publications . Phase One of the franchise includes five films , featuring four different superhero properties , leading up to a crossover in the 2012 film Marvel 's The Avengers . The franchise 's Phase Two features three sequel films to properties that appeared in Phase One , as well as two new film properties , and the crossover Avengers : Age of Ultron , which released in 2015 . Phase Three will feature four sequel films to previous properties , and four new film properties , as well as the two-part crossover event Avengers : Infinity War and its untitled sequel . As the franchise is composed of films adapted from a variety of Marvel Comics properties , there are multiple lead actors : Robert Downey , Jr. stars as Tony Stark / Iron Man in the films Iron Man ( 2008 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , and Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) ; Chris Hemsworth plays Thor in Thor ( 2011 ) , Thor : The Dark World ( 2013 ) , and Thor : Ragnarok ( 2017 ) ; and Chris Evans portrays Steve Rogers / Captain America in Captain America : The First Avenger ( 2011 ) , Captain America : The Winter Soldier ( 2014 ) , and again in Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) , where he is joined by Downey as Stark . All three actors star in The Avengers ( 2012 ) , and reprise their roles in Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) , and the untitled Avengers sequel ( 2019 ) . Edward Norton headlined The Incredible Hulk ( 2008 ) , playing Bruce Banner / Hulk , but did not reprise the role in the Avengers films , being replaced by Mark Ruffalo . Ruffalo also stars in Thor : Ragnarok . Chris Pratt portrays the lead character , Peter Quill / Star-Lord , in Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) , and returns for its sequel , Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 ( 2017 ) , while Paul Rudd and Michael Douglas star as Scott Lang / Ant-Man and Hank Pym / Ant-Man , respectively , in Ant-Man ( 2015 ) ; Rudd also stars in Captain America : Civil War . Benedict Cumberbatch portrays Stephen Strange in Doctor Strange ( 2016 ) , while Tom Holland portrays Peter Parker / Spider-Man in Spider-Man : Homecoming ( 2017 ) and Chadwick Boseman portrays T'Challa / Black Panther in Black Panther ( 2018 ) , after both first appearing in Captain America : Civil War . Downey joins Holland in Spider-Man : Homecoming , while Cumberbatch joins Hemsworth in Thor : Ragnarok . Evangeline Lilly will rejoin Rudd and Douglas from Ant-Man as Hope van Dyne / Wasp in Ant-Man and the Wasp ( 2018 ) , and Brie Larson will portray Carol Danvers / Captain Marvel in Captain Marvel ( 2019 ) . Pratt , Cumberbatch and Holland also appear in Avengers : Infinity War and its untitled sequel , with Lilly also appearing in its sequel . Samuel L. Jackson had cameo and supporting appearances as Nick Fury in several of the early films in the franchise , before co-starring in The Avengers . Other cast members who recur across multiple films and series within the franchise include Hayley Atwell , Paul Bettany , Don Cheadle , Idris Elba , Jon Favreau , Tom Hiddleston , William Hurt , Scarlett Johansson , Anthony Mackie , Elizabeth Olsen , Gwyneth Paltrow , Jeremy Renner , Stellan Skarsgård , Cobie Smulders and Sebastian Stan . The list below is sorted by film and the character 's surname , as some characters have been portrayed by multiple actors . All characters that have made appearances in other MCU media , such as the short films , television series , and the digital series WHIH Newsfront and Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot , are noted .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "The_Getaway", "score": 0.5858721137046814, "text": "The Getaway may refer to :", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Ashton_Kutcher", "score": 0.5848789811134338, "text": "Christopher Ashton Kutcher ( -LSB- ˈkʊtʃər -RSB- born February 7 , 1978 ) is an American actor and investor . Kutcher began his career as a model and began his acting career portraying Michael Kelso in the Fox sitcom That '70s Show , which aired for eight seasons . He made his film debut in the romantic comedy Coming Soon and became known by audiences in the comedy film Dude , Where 's My Car ? , which was a box office hit . In 2003 , Kutcher appeared in romantic comedies Just Married and My Boss 's Daughter and , the same year , he created , produced , and hosted Punk 'd which aired on MTV for five seasons until its revival in 2012 . In 2004 , Kutcher starred in the lead role of the psychological film The Butterfly Effect and gained public recognition . Kutcher subsequently appeared in more romantic comedies , including Guess Who ( 2005 ) , A Lot Like Love ( 2005 ) , What Happens in Vegas ( 2008 ) , and No Strings Attached ( 2011 ) . From 2011 to 2015 , he starred as Walden Schmidt on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men . In 2013 , Kutcher portrayed Steve Jobs in the biographical film Jobs .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Cut_Bank_(film)", "score": 0.5839831233024597, "text": "Cut Bank is a 2014 American thriller film directed by Matt Shakman and written by Roberto Patino . Starring Liam Hemsworth , Billy Bob Thornton , John Malkovich , Teresa Palmer , and Michael Stuhlbarg , the film was selected to be screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . It was released in the United States on April 3 , 2015 , in a limited release and through video on demand by A24 Films .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
93956
Selena recorded music.
[ { "id": "Selena", "score": 0.7628798484802246, "text": "Selena Quintanilla-Pérez ( -LSB- seˈlena kintaˈniʝa ˈpeɾes -RSB- or -LSB- seˈlena kintaˈniʎa ˈpeɾeθ -RSB- April 16 , 1971 -- March 31 , 1995 ) was an American singer , songwriter , spokesperson , model , actress , and fashion designer . Called the Queen of Tejano music , her contributions to music and fashion made her one of the most celebrated Mexican-American entertainers of the late 20th century . Billboard magazine named her the `` top Latin artist of the '90s '' and the `` best selling Latin artist of the decade '' . Media outlets called her the `` Tejano Madonna '' for her clothing choices . She also ranks among the most influential Latin artists of all-time and is credited for catapulting a music genre into the mainstream market . The youngest child of the Quintanilla family , she debuted on the music scene in 1980 as a member of the band Selena y Los Dinos , which also included her elder siblings A.B. Quintanilla and Suzette Quintanilla . Selena began recording professionally in 1982 . In the 1980s , she was often criticized and was refused bookings at venues across Texas for performing Tejano music -- a male-dominated music genre . However , her popularity grew after she won the Tejano Music Award for Female Vocalist of the Year in 1987 , which she won nine consecutive times . Selena signed with EMI Latin in 1989 and released her self-titled debut album the same year , while her brother became her principal music producer and songwriter . Selena released Entre a Mi Mundo ( 1992 ) , which peaked at number one on the U.S. Billboard Regional Mexican Albums chart for 19 nonconsecutive weeks . The album 's commercial success led music critics to call the album the `` breakthrough '' recording of her musical career . One of its singles , `` Como La Flor '' , became one of her most popular signature songs . Live ! ( 1993 ) won Best Mexican/American Album at the 1994 Grammy Awards , becoming the first recording by a Tejano artist to do so . In 1994 , Selena released Amor Prohibido , which became one of the best-selling Latin albums in the United States . It was critically acclaimed as being responsible for Tejano music 's first marketable era as it became one of the most popular Latin music subgenres at the time . Selena began recording English-language songs for her crossover album . Aside from music , Selena was active in her community and donated her time to civic causes . Coca-Cola appointed her its spokesperson in Texas . Selena became a sex icon ; she was often criticized for wearing suggestive outfits in light of her comments about being a role model for young women . Selena and her guitarist , Chris Pérez , eloped in April 1992 after her father raised concerns over their relationship . On March 31 , 1995 , Selena was shot dead by Yolanda Saldívar , her friend and former employee of her Selena Etc. boutiques . Saldívar was cornered by police when she attempted to flee , and threatened to kill herself , but was convinced to give herself up and was sentenced to life in prison with a possible parole after 30 years . Saldívar is currently incarcerated at the Mountain View Unit in Gatesville , Texas . Two weeks later , George W. Bush -- governor of Texas at the time -- declared Selena 's birthday Selena Day in Texas . Her posthumous crossover album , Dreaming of You ( 1995 ) , debuted atop the Billboard 200 , making Selena the first Latin artist to accomplish this feat . In 1997 , Warner Bros. released Selena , a film about her life and career , which starred Jennifer Lopez as Selena and Lupe Ontiveros as Saldívar . , Selena has sold over 60 million albums worldwide ." } ]
[ { "id": "List_of_people_influenced_by_Selena", "score": 0.7145125269889832, "text": "Selena Quintanilla-Pérez ( April 16 , 1971 -- March 31 , 1995 ) was an American Tejano singer , songwriter , spokesperson , actress and fashion designer . She was born in Lake Jackson , Texas , 54 miles south of Houston , and her family moved to Corpus Christi after declaring bankruptcy . Her father , a musician before her birth , formed his children into Selena y Los Dinos ( with A.B. Quintanilla on bass , Suzette Quintanilla on drums and Selena singing ) when he discovered her musical talent . Selena received the Tejano Music Award for Female Vocalist of the Year for nine consecutive years , beginning in 1987 . She signed her first major contract with EMI Latin in 1989 , releasing four Spanish-language albums which were milestones in the Latin music industry . EMI Latin then wanted her to release a crossover album , transitioning from Spanish - to English-language pop songs . On March 31 , 1995 , Selena was shot and killed by Yolanda Saldivar , her friend and the former manager of her boutiques . Reaction to her death was compared to the grief following the deaths of musicians John Lennon and Elvis Presley and U.S. president John F. Kennedy . Selena 's greatest influences were Donna Summer , Madonna , Gloria Estefan , Paula Abdul and Michael and Janet Jackson . According to music critics her Tejano sound incorporated contemporary R&B , disco and funk , and her roots in American pop music were believed by Ed Morales to have been inspired by Summer and Diana Ross . Selena credited Michael Jackson for inspiring her to follow in his footsteps after she saw him perform at a 1984 Astrodome concert . Onstage , she wore fashions inspired by Abdul , Madonna and Janet Jackson . Selena 's husband , Chris Pérez , said that she was `` open-minded '' toward all musical genres , rock in particular . Since her death in 1995 , entertainers have cited the singer 's influence on their careers in interviews , speeches , books and music .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Selena_Gomez_discography", "score": 0.7111207246780396, "text": "American singer Selena Gomez has released two studio albums , one compilation album , one extended play , ten singles ( including three as a featured artist ) , six promotional singles and eight music videos . In 2008 , Gomez first signed to Hollywood Records . Gomez 's first EP , Another Cinderella Story , was released on June 16 , 2009 , by Razor & Tie . She released her first solo album , Stars Dance ( 2013 ) , which debuted atop the US Billboard 200 chart , and also reached number one in Canada . It was preceded by the release of its lead single , `` Come & Get It '' , which reached the top ten in the United States , Canada and the United Kingdom . Having spent six years with Hollywood Records , Gomez signed a recording contract with Interscope Records in 2014 . To officially end her contract with Hollywood Records , Gomez released the compilation album For You ( 2014 ) . Her second studio album , Revival , was released on October 9 , 2015 , and went on to become her second consecutive number one album on the Billboard 200 . The album peaked within the top ten in several countries , including Australia , Canada and New Zealand . Three of its singles -- `` Good for You '' , `` Same Old Love '' and `` Hands to Myself '' -- peaked within the top ten in the United States and Canada . As of May 2017 , Gomez has sold 24.3 million songs and 3.4 million albums in the United States , including her releases with The Scene .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Greatest_Hits_(Selena_album)", "score": 0.7012509703636169, "text": "Greatest Hits is a collection of most of the English songs by the late American Tejano-pop singer Selena . It contains all of her English songs from her Dreaming of You album , as well as both regularly and posthumously released English songs she had made throughout her career . `` Do n't Throw Away My Love '' is a remix of `` My Love '' . There are two English songs that Selena recorded but did not appear on the album : `` Call Me '' , and `` Give Me One More Chance '' both from the 1984 Selena y los Dinos album .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Anthology_(Selena_album)", "score": 0.7012258768081665, "text": "Anthology is a three-disc/three-cassette box set that provides a comprehensive overview of Selena 's brief career . The set is divided into three parts -- a disc of mariachi , a disc of cumbia and a disc of pop recordings , many of which are in English . Most but not all are either Remix , Club Remix , or different style , and version of all songs listed here .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Lo_Mejor_de...Selena", "score": 0.6995701789855957, "text": "Lo Mejor de ... Selena ( The Best of ... Selena ) is a double disc compilation album by American singer Selena . It was released posthumously in the United States on March 31 , 2015 by EMI Latin and Universal Music Latin Entertainment . The album was released after the commercial and chart success of Enamorada de Ti ( 2012 ) , which featured several Latin music acts lending their voices for the remix album . The recording features six number one United States Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart singles by the singer -- `` Buenos Amigos '' , `` Donde Quiera Que Estés '' , `` Amor Prohibido '' , `` Bidi Bidi Bom Bom '' , `` No Me Queda Más '' , `` Fotos y Recuerdos '' , and the U.S. Billboard Latin Pop Airplay chart single `` I Could Fall in Love '' . The album debuted and peaked at number two on the U.S Billboard Top Latin Albums . A year after its release , the recording peaked at number one on the Latin Pop Albums chart , giving Selena her first number one album in four years . Lo Mejor de ... Selena also debuted and peaked at number 102 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart , her highest charting album since 1999 's All My Hits/Todos Mis Exitos . The recording earned the singer the Top Latin Albums Artist of the Year , Female . As of July 2016 , the album has sold 42,000 album-equivalent units .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Revival_(Selena_Gomez_album)", "score": 0.6986222863197327, "text": "Revival is the second studio album by American singer Selena Gomez . It was released on October 9 , 2015 , by Interscope and Polydor Records . Gomez began planning the project in 2014 , at which time she left her previous label Hollywood Records and subsequently joined Interscope and Polydor , and continued work into 2015 . The record was inspired by the work of a range of artists , especially Christina Aguilera 's second studio album Stripped ( 2002 ) , and Gomez 's trip to Mexico , where she defined the album 's sound . Working with a handful of songwriters , Gomez co-wrote twelve out of the sixteen tracks that made the album 's track lists . The album reflects her journey since 2013 , including the media scrutiny on her personal life . As executive producers , Gomez , Danny D , and Tim Blacksmith collaborated with producers including Hit-Boy , Rock Mafia , and Stargate to achieve her desired new sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily pop record , being the genre showcased in form of dance-pop and midtempo electropop , connected by a tropical beach sound and lyrics that discuss love and confidence . Revival was included on several year-end lists of best albums . The record debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with first-week earnings of 117,000 units , of which 85,000 were pure album sales . In doing so , it became Gomez 's second consecutive number-one album , after Stars Dance ( 2013 ) . It was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting one million album-equivalent units ( including albums sales , streaming and track-equivalent units ) sold in the United States . With its singles `` Good for You '' ( featuring rapper A$ AP Rocky ) and `` Same Old Love '' both reaching number five and `` Hands to Myself '' charting at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 , Revival is further distinguished as Gomez 's first record to house multiple top 10 singles in the United States ; all of which became her first three number-one singles on the Mainstream Top 40 chart . Gomez promoted the album with several televised performances and embarked on her Revival Tour in May 2016 , which visited North America , Asia and Oceania . However , for health reasons , it was canceled in August .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Live!_The_Last_Concert", "score": 0.6965122818946838, "text": "Live : The Last Concert was recorded on February 26 , 1995 , at the Houston Astrodome . The concert was performed entirely live in front of more than 65,000 people . The music performed was mostly from Selena 's last Spanish album , Amor Prohibido . Live : The Last Concert was re-released as a DVD in 2004 . The album has been certified Platinum ( Latin type ) by RIAA with shipments of 200,000 copies . The album was a success earning the singer a 2002 Billboard Latin Music Award nomination for Pop album of the year , Female .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Selena:_Greatest_Hits", "score": 0.6963843107223511, "text": "Selena : Greatest Hits , is a 2003 American music film starring Jennifer Lopez , which is a tribute to Selena 's music . It was released on August 5 , 2003 and both English and Spanish are used . It is set in Joshua Tree , California .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Selena_(soundtrack)", "score": 0.6961023807525635, "text": "Selena : The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the film Selena , starring Jennifer Lopez and featuring unreleased songs by Selena , including `` Where Did the Feeling Go ? '' , `` Only Love '' , `` Is It the Beat ? '' and `` Disco Medley '' . Although this is the official soundtrack of the film , it does not feature most of the songs heard throughout the film from artists like Depeche Mode , Guns N ' Roses , John Waite and Yuri .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Ones_(album)", "score": 0.6953157186508179, "text": "Ones ( Unos ) is a compilation album by American Tejano singer Selena , released in the United States on October 1 , 2002 by EMI Latin . It was released on November 11 , 2002 in Spanish-speaking countries , while the limited edition included a bonus DVD of her music videos . Ones was released building on the popularity of the 1997 biographical film Selena . The singer 's father Abraham Quintanilla , Jr. and sister Suzette Quintanilla told CBS TV host Julie Chen that the album was aimed at Selena 's new generation of fans . Ones was released as part of the Selena : 20 Years of Music collection -- a nine-disc series of her studio , live , soundtrack and compilation albums . The recording features six number one singles namely , -LSB- `` Amor Prohibido ( song ) , Amor Prohibido '' -RSB- , `` Bidi Bidi Bom Bom '' , `` No Me Queda Más '' , `` Fotos y Recuerdos '' , and her duets with Alvaro Torres on `` Buenos Amigos '' and the Barrio Boyzz on `` Donde Quiera Que Estés '' . Selena 's brother , A.B. Quintanilla III , remixed three of her singles ( `` Amor Prohibido '' , `` Como la Flor '' and `` Si Una Vez '' ) into a medley mash-up entitled `` Con Tanto Amor Medley '' , the same tracks found on the album . The track was released as a promotional single to radio stations , and received a mixed response from music critics . The album also received a mixed reception , with Jon O'Brien of AllMusic noting that the record label ignored Selena 's self-titled debut album from the track listing on Ones . The recording peaked at number two on the US Billboard Top Latin Albums and number one on the Latin Pop Albums charts . Ones peaked at number 159 on the Billboard 200 chart and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , signifying shipments of 500,000 copies in the United States .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_number-one_Billboard_Top_Latin_Albums_from_the_1990s", "score": 0.6893391013145447, "text": "The Billboard Top Latin Albums chart , published in Billboard magazine , is a record chart that features Latin music sales information . The data is compiled by Nielsen SoundScan from a sample that includes music stores , music departments at electronics and department stores , Internet sales ( both physical and digital ) and verifiable sales from concert venues in the United States . During the 1990s , there were 36 number-one albums in this chart , which was first published on July 10 , 1993 . One album peaked at number one in the first year of publication : Mi Tierra , by Cuban singer-songwriter Gloria Estefan . The album also peaked at number 27 on the Billboard 200 , and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . It won the Best Traditional Tropical Album award at the Grammy Awards of 1994 . Mi Tierra spent 25 weeks at number one in 1993 and 33 weeks at this position in 1994 . Segundo Romance by Mexican singer Luis Miguel also peaked at number one ; this album was at the top for 29 consecutive weeks , starting in late 1994 . It won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album in 1995 , defeating albums from singers Cristian Castro , Plácido Domingo , Juan Gabriel and Tejano music group La Mafia ; the latter also peaked at number one on March 1995 with their live album Éxitos En Vivo . Five albums by Tex-Mex music performer Selena reached number one on the chart ; her album Amor Prohibido was number one during four separate stretches , including a 16-week stay at the top that started three weeks after her death . After this stretch , it was replaced by her first English-language album titled Dreaming of You , which also debuted at number one in the Billboard 200 , making Selena the first Hispanic singer to debut at the top of this chart and the second-highest debut of the year after Michael Jackson 's HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I. On its release date , the album sold over 175,000 copies , a record for a female pop singer , and sold two million copies in its first year . This album became the first to peak at number one in three calendar years ( 1995 -- 1997 ) . Three best-of collections by the singer , entitled Siempre Selena , Anthology and All My Hits - Todos Mis Exitos Vol . 1 also topped the chart . The self-titled debut album by Enrique Iglesias was atop the chart for 11 weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album at the 39th Grammy Awards . Two albums related to the song `` Macarena '' hit the top spot of the chart : Macarena Non Stop by Los del Río , which spent four non-consecutive weeks at number-one , starting on August 3 , 1996 , and Macarena Mix , a compilation album with music by Sandalo , Manolos , El Lupe and The Sacados , which spent nine weeks at number-one from September 21 through November 16 , 1996 . Dance with Me: Music from the Motion Picture Tango by Julio Iglesias , the last number-one album of 1996 , spent 10 weeks at the top of the chart and became the best-selling Latin album of 1997 . Romances by Luis Miguel won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album , debuted at number 14 in the Billboard 200 , and spent 11 non-consecutive weeks at number one on this chart . In 1998 , the compilation album released for the film Dance with Me , which starred Vanessa L. Williams and Chayanne , became the first soundtrack to reach the top spot of this chart . Dance with Me: Music from the Motion Picture Buena Vista Social Club , produced by Ry Cooder , also peaked at number one and won the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Performance . Me Estoy Enamorando by Alejandro Fernández spent nine weeks at the top of the chart and ended the year as the best-selling Latin album of 1998 . Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira with ¿ Dónde Están los Ladrones ? , her first number-one album , spent 11 weeks at number one , received a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Latin Rock/Alternative Album and was certified platinum in the United States by the RIAA . Marco Antonio Solís peaked at number one for the first time on this chart with his album Trozos de Mi Alma , which was certified gold by the RIAA and was produced by Bebu Silvetti . Ricky Martin was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album for Vuelve , which spent 26 non-consecutive weeks at the top of the chart between 1998 and 1999 . Latin rock performer Santana debuted and peaked at number one with Supernatural during the only week that the album appeared on this chart . The album was removed from the chart the following week after it was determined by Billboard to not meet the requirement for an album to have at least 50 % of its recordings in Spanish .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "A_Selena_Tribute", "score": 0.6834079027175903, "text": "`` A Selena Tribute '' is a tribute song performed by American singer and actress Jennifer Lopez . The track was performed live during the 2015 Billboard Latin Music Awards as a homage for American singer Selena , backed by her former band Los Dinos . It was released the following day on 3 May 2015 as a digital download . The single consists of a medley of six Selena 's songs : `` Como la Flor '' , `` Bidi Bidi Bom Bom '' , `` Amor Prohibido '' , `` I Could Fall in Love '' and `` No Me Queda Mas '' .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Selena_Live!", "score": 0.6828466057777405, "text": "Live ! or Selena Live ! is a live album by American Tejano pop singer Selena , which was released on May 4 , 1993 by EMI Latin . The album was re-released on September 22 , 2002 as being part of the Selena : 20 Years of Music collection ; which included spoken liner notes by her family , friends and her former band members Selena y Los Dinos . Live ! includes three cumbia-influenced studio tracks , while the rest of the album consists of live versions of previously released songs . The album was recorded during a free concert at the Memorial Coliseum in Corpus Christi , Texas , on February 7 , 1993 . It was certified gold ( Latin type ) by the Recording Industry Association of America in its first year , double platinum ( Latin type ) in 1995 , and gold ( standard ) in 2002 . Live ! led Selena to win a Grammy Award for Best Mexican/American Album at the 36th Grammy Awards , the first Tejano musician to do so . It had won two awards from the 1994 Billboard Latin Music Awards , and three awards at the 1994 Tejano Music Awards . Live ! peaked at number one on the US Regional Mexican Albums , number two on the Top Latin Albums and number 79 on the Billboard 200 . Soon after the release of Live ! , the album received mostly positive reviews from music critics who claimed the album was `` foreshadowing '' Amor Prohibido ( 1994 ) , and that Selena was the Mexican equivalent of Madonna . The album spawned three singles , which were simultaneously in the top five positions on the Hot Latin Tracks chart .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "All_My_Hits_Vol._1", "score": 0.6820259690284729, "text": "All My Hits/Todos Mis Exitos Vol . 1 is a compilation of Selena 's greatest songs . It also features a commemorative gold rose pin with her name on it . The radio versions of `` Dreaming of You '' are 4:21 and 4:49 .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Selena_(film)", "score": 0.680134117603302, "text": "Selena is a 1997 American biographical musical drama film written and directed by Gregory Nava about the life and career of the late Tejano music star Selena , a recording artist well known in the Mexican American and Hispanic communities in the United States and Mexico before she was murdered by Yolanda Saldívar , the president of her fan club , at the age of 23 . The film stars Jennifer Lopez in her breakout role as Selena . Her father Abraham Quintanilla Jr. ( who served as the producer in the film ) is played by Edward James Olmos and Constance Marie plays Selena 's mother Marcella Quintanilla . Selena was released on March 21 , 1997 in the United States to positive reviews from critics and audiences .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Murder_of_Selena", "score": 0.6788215637207031, "text": "Selena Quintanilla-Pérez ( April 16 , 1971 -- March 31 , 1995 ) was an American singer who achieved international fame as a member of Selena y Los Dinos and for her subsequent solo career . Her father and manager , Abraham Quintanilla Jr. , appointed Yolanda Saldívar president of Selena 's fan club in 1991 after Saldívar had repeatedly asked permission to start one . In January 1994 , Saldívar was promoted to manager of the singer 's boutiques . Selena 's employees , fashion designer , and cousin began complaining about Saldívar 's management style . In January 1995 , Quintanilla , Jr. began receiving telephone calls and letters from angry fans who had sent membership payments and had received nothing in return . He began investigating their complaints and found evidence that Saldívar had embezzled $ 60,000 from the fan club and the boutiques using forged checks . After the Quintanilla family confronted her , Saldívar bought a gun , lured Selena to a motel room , and shot her in the back . Although doctors tried to revive Selena , she was pronounced dead from loss of blood and cardiac arrest . The Latino community was deeply affected by the news of Selena 's death ; some people traveled thousands of miles to visit her house , boutiques , and the crime scene , while churches with large congregations of Latinos held prayers in her name . All major television networks in the United States interrupted their regular programming to break the news . The public 's reaction to Selena 's death was compared to those that followed the deaths of John Lennon , Elvis Presley , and John F. Kennedy . Some Americans who were unaware of the singer and her popularity criticized the attention she and her murder received from both the media and the Latino community . Radio personality Howard Stern mocked Selena 's murder , burial , and her mourners and criticized her music , playing her songs with gunshots in the background , causing an uproar among the Latino population . On April 12 , 1995 -- two weeks after her death -- then-Texas governor George W. Bush declared her birthday Selena Day in Texas . Some Americans were offended because Selena Day that year coincided with Easter . At the time of Selena 's death , Tejano music was one of the most popular Latin music subgenres in the United States . She was called the `` Queen of Tejano music '' and became the first Latino artist to have a predominantly Spanish-language album -- Dreaming of You ( 1995 ) -- debut and peak at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart . After her death , the popularity of Tejano music waned . During Saldívar 's trial for the murder -- called the `` trial of the century '' and the most important trial for the Latino population -- she said she accidentally shot Selena while attempting suicide . Saldívar was found guilty of murder and was sentenced to life imprisonment . Jennifer Lopez was cast as Selena in a 1997 biopic film about her life and became famous after the film 's release . Spanish-language networks in the U.S. often broadcast documentaries about Selena on the anniversary of her death ; they are among the most-watched programs in the history of American television and often score high ratings .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Billboard_Top_Latin_Albums", "score": 0.6751987338066101, "text": "Top Latin Albums is a record chart published by Billboard magazine and is labeled as the most important music chart for Spanish language , full-length albums in the American music market . Like all Billboard album charts , the chart is based on sales . Nielsen SoundScan compiles the sales data from merchants representing more than 90 percent of the U.S. music retail market . The sample includes sales at music stores , the music departments of electronics and department stores , direct-to-consumer transactions , and Internet sales of physical albums or digital downloads . A limited array of verifiable sales from concert venues is also tabulated . To rank on this chart , an album must have 51 % or more of its content recorded in Spanish . Listings of Top Latin Albums are also shown on Telemundo 's music page through a partnership between the two companies . Before this chart , all Latin music information was featured on the Latin Pop Albums chart , which began on June 29 , 1985 , and is still running along with the Regional Mexican Albums and Tropical Albums chart . The Latin Pop Albums chart features music only from the pop genre , while the Regional Mexican Albums chart includes information from different genres like duranguense , norteño , banda and mariachi , and the Tropical Albums includes different genres particularly salsa , merengue , bachata , and cumbia . In 2005 , another chart ; Latin Rhythm Albums was introduced in response to growing number of airplays from reggaeton . On the week ending January 31 , 2017 , Billboard updated the methodology to compile the Top Latin Albums chart into a multi-metric methodology to include track equivalent album units and streaming equivalent albums units . The first album to appear at number-one on this chart was Mi Tierra by Gloria Estefan on July 10 , 1993 . This album spent 58 non-consecutive weeks at the top of this chart , a record that stands to date . Mexican singers Marco Antonio Solís holds the record for the most number-one albums by an artist overall with 10 . Fellow Mexican performers Los Temerarios is the group with the most chart-toppers , eight . Jenni Rivera is the female artist with most number-one albums with 8 . Leading after Rivera , is Selena , with 7 number-one albums . Selena 's album Dreaming of You is the only album to peak at number one during three different calendar years ( 1995 -- 97 ) .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Selena_y_Los_Dinos", "score": 0.6748853921890259, "text": "Selena y Los Dinos ( Selena and the Guys ) was the band in which Tejano music singer Selena performed , until her murder on March 31 , 1995 . Selena fronted the band since 1980 , started by her father Abraham Quintanilla , Jr. . When Selena was signed with EMI Latin , EMI president José Behar told Selena that the world wanted Selena , not Los Dinos . Selena then began releasing her studio albums under her own logo title Selena and not Selena y Los Dinos . Before Selena was signed with EMI , the band had sold more than 80,000 copies in the state of Texas alone , with the Tejano labels GP , Cara Records , Manny , and Freddie Records before 1989 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Dame_Un_Beso", "score": 0.6743374466896057, "text": "`` Dame un beso '' ( English Translation : Give Me a Kiss ) is a song written by A.B. Quintanilla and Ricky Vela who were both in the band at the time . Selena 's brother `` AB Quintanilla '' was tired of the same old songs that his father would choose and write that AB took over and wrote almost all of Selena 's songs . `` Dame Un Beso '' was released on Selena 's third album Alpha in 1986 from `` Manny Labels '' . Soon after its released , Selena then 15 appeared on the Tejano Music Awards that same year and won an award for both `` Female Vocalist of the year '' and `` Performer of the year '' . For that success `` Dame Un Beso '' was released as a vinyl , LP , and EP in 1986 . Selena 's third album Alpha led Selena to win the award for `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' at 1987 Hispanic Music Awards . `` Dame Un Beso '' has been released since after Selena 's death in 1995 . Selena 's father still released the song in today 's albums .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Through_the_Years/A_Traves_de_los_Años", "score": 0.6740270853042603, "text": "Through the Years/A Traves de los Años is a collection of Selena 's greatest hits . It was released on April 3 , 2007 . It comes as a CD/DVD set that includes Selena 's songs , unreleased performances , and also an unreleased track titled `` Feelings '' recorded when she was 7 years old . The album peaked at number 28 on the Latin Album Chart and was certified Gold .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
53133
Robert J. O'Neill was born April 10, 1976.
[ { "id": "Robert_J._O'Neill_(U.S._Navy_SEAL)", "score": 0.6666757464408875, "text": "Robert J. `` Rob '' O'Neill ( born April 10 , 1976 ) is a former United States Navy sailor . A former U.S. Navy SEAL and special warfare operator , O'Neill is best known for claiming to have fired the head shots that killed Osama bin Laden during the raid on his Abbottabad compound on May 1 , 2011 ." } ]
[ { "id": "Eric_O'Neill", "score": 0.6157882809638977, "text": "Eric Michael O'Neill ( born March 3 , 1973 ) is an American former FBI counter-terrorism and counterintelligence operative . He worked and was entitled as an Investigative Specialist with the Special Surveillance Group ( SSG ) and played a major role in the arrest , conviction , and life imprisonment of FBI agent Robert Hanssen for spying on behalf of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation . He is a public speaker and security expert who currently lectures internationally about espionage and national security , cybersecurity , fraud , corporate diligence and defense , hacking , pursuing dreams and surviving Hollywood .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Michael_O'Neill_(actor)", "score": 0.6156371235847473, "text": "Michael O'Neill ( born May 29 , 1947 ) is an American actor .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Bob_Neill", "score": 0.6112006306648254, "text": "Robert James MacGillivray Neill ( born 24 June 1952 ) is a British barrister and Conservative Party politician . He has served as the member of parliament ( MP ) for Bromley and Chislehurst since a by-election on 29 June 2006 , following the death of the previous incumbent Eric Forth . He served as a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Communities and Local Government from 14 May 2010 to 4 September 2012 .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Edward_J._O'Neill_(Rhode_Island_politician)", "score": 0.6038019061088562, "text": "Edward J. O'Neill is an Independent member of the Rhode Island Senate , representing the 17th District ( Lincoln , North Providence , and Pawtucket ) since 2008 .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Michael_E._O'Neill", "score": 0.6021305918693542, "text": "Michael E. O'Neill ( born 1946 ) is an American business executive . He is currently the chairman of Citigroup .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Robert_J._O'Neill", "score": 0.5986392498016357, "text": "Robert John O'Neill , ( born 5 November 1936 ) is an Australian historian and academic . He is Chair of the International Academic Advisory Committee at the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney , was director of the International Institute for Strategic Studies , based in London , from 1982 to 1987 , and Chichele Professor of the History of War at the University of Oxford from 1987 to 2000 .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "William_O'Neill_(Ohio_judge)", "score": 0.5970480442047119, "text": "William `` Bill '' Michael O'Neill ( born May 6 , 1947 ) is an American lawyer , judge and political figure . He was elected to the Ohio Supreme Court in 2012 , for a term beginning January 2013 . He served as an appellate judge on the Ohio Eleventh District Court of Appeals for 10 years . Twice , O'Neill was the Democratic nominee for U.S. Representative in .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Eunan_O'Neill", "score": 0.5948442816734314, "text": "Eunan O'Neill ( born Newry , County Down , 12 August 1982 ) is an Irish television presenter .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Jim_O'Neill_(investor)", "score": 0.5926092267036438, "text": "Jim O'Neill is an American investment banker and former official at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . He currently serves as managing director at Peter Thiel 's Mithril Capital in Silicon Valley .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Emmett_O'Neill", "score": 0.5918440222740173, "text": "Robert Emmett O'Neill ( January 13 , 1918 -- October 11 , 1993 ) , was an American professional baseball player and former Major League Baseball pitcher . He played with the Boston Red Sox , Chicago Cubs and the Chicago White Sox . He batted and threw right-handed during his baseball career . He attended college at Saint Mary 's College of California .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Con_O'Neill_(actor)", "score": 0.5901890993118286, "text": "Robert `` Con '' O'Neill ( born 15 August 1963 ) is an English actor and singer . He began his acting career at Liverpool 's Everyman Youth Theatre . He was awarded the Laurence Olivier Theatre Award in 1988 for `` Best Actor in a Musical '' for his performance in Willy Russell 's Blood Brothers , and was nominated for Broadway 's 1993 Tony Award as Best Actor ( musical ) for Blood Brothers . In the 1980s he had a walk-on role in another British series , One Summer as `` Jackson '' . He starred in Dancin ' Thru the Dark , the 1990 film adaptation of Russell 's Stags and Hens . In 1992 , he played `` Cougar Glass '' opposite Jude Law in the world premiere of Philip Ridley 's The Fastest Clock in the Universe . In 2006 , he starred as Aston in a tour of Sheffield theatres ' production of Harold Pinter 's The Caretaker , alongside David Bradley and Nigel Harman . In 1999 he starred in The Last Seduction II . In 2008 he appeared in Criminal Justice a five-part TV drama on the BBC , playing the part of Ralph Stone , a solicitor . He played the part of Joe Meek in both the 2008 film and 2005 play of Meek 's life , Telstar : The Joe Meek Story . In 2011 , he took the role of dock worker Eddie Carbone in Arthur Miller 's A View From the Bridge at the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester ( from 18 May to 25 June 2011 ) . This portrayal won the 2011 Manchester Theatre Award for Best Actor . He played St. Paul in the 2013 mini-series The Bible . He portrays Val Pearson in the BBC Three sitcom Uncle ( 2014 to 2017 ) . He played Cliff in Cucumber , an eight-part TV drama series broadcast on Channel 4 . in 2015 . Between 6 February and 7 March 2015 he starred in the 35th-anniversary staging of Willy Russell 's Educating Rita at The Liverpool Playhouse . He appears as Neil Ackroyd in the second series of the BBC television series Happy Valley . In 2016 , O'Neill played the part of Joe Brierley in the second series of Ordinary Lies and also appeared in 2 episodes of the Doctor Who spin-off Class .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Ryan_O'Neill_(soccer)", "score": 0.5901340842247009, "text": "Ryan O'Neill , born April 26 , 1978 in Lima , Pennsylvania is an American former professional soccer midfielder .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Robert_O'Neill_(footballer)", "score": 0.5883501768112183, "text": "Robert O'Neill ( Born 3 April 1883 -- 25 July 1961 ) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Andrew_O'Neill", "score": 0.5882055163383484, "text": "Andrew O'Neill ( born 14 September 1979 ) is a comedian , musician , presenter , and writer . He lives in London .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Mike_O'Neill_(ice_hockey)", "score": 0.5867528319358826, "text": "Michael Anthony O'Neill ( born November 3 , 1967 ) is a retired professional ice hockey goaltender .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Paul_O'Neill_(rock_producer)", "score": 0.5852170586585999, "text": "Paul O'Neill ( February 23 , 1956 -- April 5 , 2017 ) was an American music composer , lyricist , producer , and songwriter .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Paul_O'Neill_(gymnast)", "score": 0.5843558311462402, "text": "Paul O'Neill ( born May 8 , 1965 ) is an American gymnast most noted for his work on rings .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "J._Patrick_O'Neill", "score": 0.5822548270225525, "text": "J. Patrick O'Neill ( born January 14 , 1971 ) is an American attorney and Democratic member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives , representing the 59th District since 2005 . He is currently serves on the House Committees on Judiciary , and Rules . On February 11 , 2010 , he was elected as Majority Whip of the House of Representatives", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Patrick_O'Neill_(handballer)", "score": 0.5822453498840332, "text": "Patrick O'Neill ( born March 20 , 1956 ) is an American former handball player who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics . In 1976 O'Neill was part of the American team which finished tenth in the Olympic tournament . He played two matches .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Brian_J._O'Neill", "score": 0.5819175243377686, "text": "Brian J. O'Neill ( born December 23 , 1949 ) is a Republican Councilman representing the Tenth District on the City Council of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He has served since 1980 . O'Neill was first elected to Council in 1979 , when he defeated incumbent Councilman Mel Greenberg on a campaign built on Greenberg 's perceived apathy for the position . He introduced the Philadelphia blunt ban in May 2006 , which was adopted and signed by the mayor . He is currently the Council 's Minority Leader .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
228271
The Silence of the Lambs was a film starring Scott Glenn.
[ { "id": "The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_(film)", "score": 0.7891985774040222, "text": "The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jodie Foster , Anthony Hopkins , and Scott Glenn . Adapted by Ted Tally from the 1988 novel of the same name by Thomas Harris , his second to feature the character of Dr. Hannibal Lecter ; a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer , the film was the second adaptation of a Harris novel featuring Lecter , preceded by the Michael Mann-directed Manhunter in 1986 . In the film , Clarice Starling , a young U.S. FBI trainee , seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Lecter to apprehend another serial killer , known only as `` Buffalo Bill '' . The Silence of the Lambs was released on February 14 , 1991 , and grossed $ 272.7 million worldwide against its $ 19 million budget . It was only the third film , the other two being It Happened One Night and One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , to win Academy Awards in all the top five categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director , and Adapted Screenplay . It is also the first ( and so far only ) Best Picture winner widely considered to be a horror film , and only the third such film to be nominated in the category , after The Exorcist in 1973 and Jaws in 1975 . The film is considered `` culturally , historically or aesthetically '' significant by the U.S. Library of Congress and was selected to be preserved in the National Film Registry in 2011 . A sequel titled Hannibal was released in 2001 with Hopkins reprising his role , followed by two prequels : Red Dragon ( 2002 ) and Hannibal Rising ( 2007 ) ." } ]
[ { "id": "Scott_Glenn", "score": 0.7464200854301453, "text": "Theodore Scott Glenn ( born January 26 , 1941 ) , better known as Scott Glenn , is an American actor . His roles have included Wes Hightower in Urban Cowboy ( 1980 ) , astronaut Alan Shepard in The Right Stuff ( 1983 ) , Emmett in Silverado ( 1985 ) , Commander Bart Mancuso in The Hunt for Red October ( 1990 ) , Jack Crawford in The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) , Roger in Training Day ( 2001 ) , Ezra Kramer in The Bourne Ultimatum ( 2007 ) , Kevin Garvey , Sr. in The Leftovers ( 2014 -- 2017 ) and as Stick in both Daredevil ( 2015 -- ) and The Defenders ( 2017 ) .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Hannibal_(film)", "score": 0.7064966559410095, "text": "Hannibal is a 2001 American crime thriller film directed by Ridley Scott , adapted from the novel of the same name by Thomas Harris . It is the sequel to the 1991 Academy Award -- winning film The Silence of the Lambs in which Anthony Hopkins returns to his role as the iconic serial killer , Hannibal Lecter . Julianne Moore co-stars , in the role first held by Jodie Foster , as FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling . The film had a difficult and occasionally troubling pre-production history . When the novel was published in 1999 , The Silence of the Lambs director Jonathan Demme , screenwriter Ted Tally , and actress Jodie Foster all declined to be involved in its adaptation . Ridley Scott became attached as director after the success of Gladiator ( 2000 ) , and eventually signed onto the project after reading the script pitched by Dino DeLaurentiis , who produced Manhunter ( 1986 ) , based on the 1981 Harris novel Red Dragon . After the departure of Foster and screenwriter Tally , Julianne Moore took on Foster 's role while David Mamet and Steven Zaillian wrote the screenplay . Set ten years after The Silence of the Lambs , Hannibal follows Starling 's attempts to apprehend Lecter before his surviving victim , Mason Verger ( Gary Oldman ) , captures him . It is set in Italy and the United States . The novel Hannibal drew attention for its violence . Hannibal broke box office records in the United States , Australia , Canada and the United Kingdom in February 2001 , but was met with a mixed critical reception .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_(novel)", "score": 0.6961845755577087, "text": "The Silence of the Lambs is a novel by Thomas Harris . First published in 1988 , it is the sequel to Harris ' 1981 novel Red Dragon . Both novels feature the cannibalistic serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter , this time pitted against FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling . Its film adaptation directed by Jonathan Demme was released in 1991 to box office success and critical acclaim .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Slaughter_of_the_Innocents_(film)", "score": 0.6683906316757202, "text": "Slaughter of the Innocents is a 1993 thriller starring Scott Glenn and Jesse Cameron-Glickenhaus with supporting roles from Kevin Sorbo and Armin Shimerman . A then-unknown Aaron Eckhart has a bit part . The film is set in the Arches National Park of Moab , Utah , and Cleveland , Ohio , USA .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Darla_(dog)", "score": 0.6611957550048828, "text": "Darla ( 1975-1992 ) was a Bichon Frise and animal actress most known for her role as Precious in the 1991 thriller , The Silence of the Lambs .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Buffalo_Bill_(character)", "score": 0.6565557718276978, "text": "Jame Gumb ( known by the nickname Buffalo Bill ) is a character and the primary antagonist of Thomas Harris 's 1988 novel The Silence of the Lambs and its 1991 film adaptation , in which he is played by Ted Levine . In the film and the novel , he is a serial killer who murders overweight women and skins them so he can make a `` woman suit '' for himself .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Silence_(2016_film)", "score": 0.6452688574790955, "text": "Silence is a 2016 historical period drama film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Jay Cocks and Scorsese , based upon the 1966 novel of the same name by Shūsaku Endō . Set in Nagasaki , Japan , the film was shot entirely in Taiwan around Taipei . The film stars Andrew Garfield , Adam Driver , Liam Neeson , Tadanobu Asano and Ciarán Hinds . The plot follows two 17th century Jesuit priests who travel from Portugal to Japan to locate their missing mentor and spread Catholic Christianity . The story is set in the time of Kakure Kirishitan ( `` Hidden Christians '' ) , following the suppression of the Shimabara Rebellion ( 1637 -- 1638 ) of Japanese Roman Catholics against the Tokugawa shogunate . A long-time passion project for Scorsese , which he developed for over 25 years , the film premiered in Rome on November 29 , 2016 , and was released in the United States on December 23 , 2016 . The American Film Institute selected Silence as one of its ten Movies of the Year . The film also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Cinematography at the 89th Academy Awards . Silence is the last of Scorsese 's trilogy of film epics about religious figures struggling with challenges to faith , following The Last Temptation of Christ and Kundun .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Red_Dragon_(film)", "score": 0.6436517238616943, "text": "Red Dragon is a 2002 American psychological horror film based on the novel of the same name by Thomas Harris , featuring psychiatrist and serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter . It is a prequel to The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) and Hannibal ( 2001 ) . The novel was originally adapted into the film Manhunter ( 1986 ) . The film was directed by Brett Ratner and written for the screen by Ted Tally , who also wrote the screenplay for The Silence of the Lambs . It stars Anthony Hopkins as Lecter , a role he played twice before in The Silence of the Lambs and Hannibal , and Edward Norton as FBI agent Will Graham . The film also stars Ralph Fiennes , Harvey Keitel , Emily Watson , Mary-Louise Parker , and Philip Seymour Hoffman .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Clarice_Starling", "score": 0.6372848153114319, "text": "Clarice M. Starling is a fictional character who appears in the novels The Silence of the Lambs and Hannibal by Thomas Harris . In the film adaptation of The Silence of the Lambs , she was played by Jodie Foster , while in the film adaptation of Hannibal , she was played by Julianne Moore . Clarice Starling , as portrayed by Foster , was ranked the sixth greatest protagonist in film history on AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes and Villains , making her the highest-ranking heroine .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Thomas_Harris", "score": 0.6338737607002258, "text": "Thomas Harris ( born April 11 , 1940 ) is an American writer , best known for a series of suspense novels about his most famous character , Hannibal Lecter . All of his works have been made into films , the most notable being the multi-Oscar-winning The Silence of the Lambs , which became only the third film in Academy Award history to sweep the Oscars in major categories .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Chicago_Film_Critics_Association_Awards_1991", "score": 0.6334009170532227, "text": "4th CFCA Awards Best Film : Silence of the Lambs The 4th Chicago Film Critics Association Awards were announced on March 5 , 1992 during a ceremony at The Pump Room . They honored the finest achievements in 1991 filmmaking . The nominees were revealed in January 1992 . Thelma & Louise and Barton Fink tied for the most nominations with six each . The Silence of the Lambs earned the most awards ( 5 ) , including Best Film .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "The_Silence_of_the_Lambs", "score": 0.6333807706832886, "text": "The Silence of the Lambs or Silence of the Lamb may refer to : The Silence of the Lambs ( novel ) , a 1988 novel by Thomas Harris The Silence of the Lambs ( film ) , a 1991 film directed by Jonathan Demme based on the novel and starring Jodie Foster and Anthony Hopkins `` Silence of the Lamb '' ( Veronica Mars ) , a 2005 television episode of Veronica Mars Waldsinfonie : The Silence of the Lamb , a 1993 Autopsia CD", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Silence_of_the_Lamb_(Veronica_Mars)", "score": 0.6304988265037537, "text": "`` Silence of the Lamb '' is the eleventh episode of the first season of the American mystery television series Veronica Mars . Written by Jed Seidel and Dayna Lynne North and directed by John Kretchmer , the episode premiered on UPN on January 4 , 2005 , as the series ' first episode in the new year . The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars ( Kristen Bell ) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective . In this episode , Veronica helps Cindy `` Mac '' Mackenzie ( Tina Majorino ) find and reconnect with her birth parents and siblings . Meanwhile , Keith ( Enrico Colantoni ) is temporarily reassigned to the sheriff 's department in order to help with a case involving a serial killer .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "National_Board_of_Review_Awards_1991", "score": 0.6262529492378235, "text": "63rd National Board of Review Awards Best Picture : The Silence of the Lambs The 63rd National Board of Review Awards , honoring the best in filmmaking in 1991 , were announced on 16 December 1991 and given on 24 February 1992 .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Black_Mass_(film)", "score": 0.6222640872001648, "text": "Black Mass is a 2015 American biographical crime drama film directed by Scott Cooper and written by Mark Mallouk and Jez Butterworth , based on the 2001 book Black Mass : The True Story of an Unholy Alliance Between the FBI and the Irish Mob by Dick Lehr and Gerard O'Neill . The film has an ensemble cast including Johnny Depp , Joel Edgerton , Benedict Cumberbatch , Kevin Bacon , Jesse Plemons , Peter Sarsgaard , Rory Cochrane , Adam Scott , Dakota Johnson and Corey Stoll . The film follows the criminal career of infamous American mobster James `` Whitey '' Bulger ( Depp ) . Principal photography of the film began on May 19 , 2014 in Boston , and wrapped on August 1 , 2014 . It had its world premiere at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival and was released by Warner Bros. worldwide on September 18 , 2015 . It received generally positive reviews and grossed $ 99 million .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Kenneth_Utt", "score": 0.6217882633209229, "text": "Kenneth Utt ( July 13 , 1921 -- January 19 , 1994 ) , was an American film producer and unit production manager , notable for producing The Silence of the Lambs , for which he won an Oscar for Best Picture .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Hannibal_(Harris_novel)", "score": 0.6217461824417114, "text": "Hannibal is a novel by American author Thomas Harris , published in 1999 . It is the third in his series featuring Dr. Hannibal Lecter and the second to feature FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling . The novel takes place seven years after the events of The Silence of the Lambs and deals with the intended revenge of one of Lecter 's victims . It was adapted as a film of the same name in 2001 , directed by Ridley Scott . Elements of the novel were incorporated into the second season of the NBC television series Hannibal , while the show 's third season adapted the plot of the novel .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Brooke_Smith_(actress)", "score": 0.6213230490684509, "text": "Brooke Smith ( born May 22 , 1967 ) is an American actress , known for her role as Dr. Erica Hahn on the ABC medical drama series Grey 's Anatomy , and for her role as Catherine Martin in the 1991 horror film The Silence of the Lambs . Smith is playing the recurring role of Sheriff Jane Greene in the A&E horror series Bates Motel .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "List_of_American_films_of_1991", "score": 0.6205807328224182, "text": "A list of American films released in 1991 . The Silence of the Lambs won the Academy Award for Best Picture .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Ron_Bozman", "score": 0.6199206113815308, "text": "Ron Bozman is an American film producer who won an Academy Award for Best Picture in 1991 for the film The Silence of the Lambs .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
15812
Peggy Sue Got Married is a Egyptian film released in 1986.
[ { "id": "Francis_Ford_Coppola", "score": null, "text": "Francis Ford Coppola ( -LSB- pronˈkoʊpələ -RSB- born April 7 , 1939 ) , also credited as Francis Coppola , is a semi-retired American film director , producer , and screenwriter . He is considered to have been a central figure of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking . After directing The Rain People ( 1969 ) , he co-wrote the 1970 film Patton , earning the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay along with co-writer Edmund H. North . His directorial prominence was cemented with the release in 1972 of The Godfather , a film which revolutionized movie-making in the gangster genre , earning praise from both critics and the public before winning three Academy Awards -- including his second Oscar ( Best Adapted Screenplay , with Mario Puzo ) , Best Picture , and his first nomination for Best Director . He followed with The Godfather Part II in 1974 , which became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture . Highly regarded by critics , it brought him three more Academy Awards : Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Director and Best Picture , and made him the second director , after Billy Wilder , to be honored three times for the same film . The Conversation , which he directed , produced and wrote , was released that same year , winning the Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival . He next directed 1979 's Apocalypse Now . While notorious for its lengthy and strenuous production , the film was widely acclaimed for its vivid and stark depiction of the Vietnam War , winning the Palme d'Or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival . Coppola is one of only eight filmmakers to win two Palme d'Or awards . While a number of Coppola 's ventures in the 1980s and 1990s were critically lauded , he has never quite achieved the same commercial success with films as in the 1970s . His most well-known films released since the start of the 1980s are the dramas The Outsiders and Rumble Fish ( both 1983 ) , the crime-drama The Cotton Club ( 1984 ) , and the horror film Bram Stoker 's Dracula ( 1992 ) ." }, { "id": "Peggy_Sue_Got_Married", "score": 0.7504236698150635, "text": "Peggy Sue Got Married is a 1986 American comedy-drama film directed by Francis Ford Coppola starring Kathleen Turner as a woman on the verge of a divorce , who finds herself transported back to the days of her senior year in high school in 1960 . The film was written by husband and wife team Jerry Leichtling and Arlene Sarner . The film was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actress ( Turner ) , Best Cinematography , and Best Costume Design . In addition , Turner was nominated for Best Foreign Actress at the Sant Jordi Awards ." } ]
[ { "id": "Peggy_Sue_Got_Married_(musical)", "score": 0.6107849478721619, "text": "Peggy Sue Got Married is a musical adapted from the Francis Ford Coppola film of the same name . The book was written by Arlene Sarner and Jerry Leichtling , music composed by Bob Gaudio , with lyrics by Jerry Leichtling . The musical opened in the West End in August 2001 starring Ruthie Henshall as Peggy Sue of the title , and earned her an Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Peggy_Sue_Got_Married_(song)", "score": 0.6102264523506165, "text": "`` Peggy Sue Got Married '' is a song written and performed by Buddy Holly . It was posthumously released in 1959 as a 45-rpm single with `` Crying , Waiting , Hoping '' . It refers to his song hit `` Peggy Sue '' . It was one of the first sequels of the rock era .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Brainerd_Jones", "score": 0.5556711554527283, "text": "Brainerd Jones ( 1865-1949 ) was an American architect who designed and built most of the architecturally significant buildings in Petaluma , California . Jones is best known for designing three Carnegie libraries in Sonoma County , two of which are still remain standing and listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Jones also has seven other buildings which he contributed to and nine of which are on the National Register . The overall importance and character of the Petaluma downtown can be partially attributed to Brainerd Jones ' contribution . In Santa Rosa , Jones also designed many significant buildings including the Exchange Bank ( now destroyed ) , the Saturday Afternoon Club , the Petaluma Women 's Club building , the Lumsden House , and the Oates-Comstock House . The D Street area has a wealth of important old houses , many of which are attributed to Brainerd Jones , including the Byce House , used for the filming of Peggy Sue Got Married ; the Reynaud House as well as four other brick homes . Jones is known for his use of native stone in his buildings . Other examples include : the 1917 Petaluma and Santa Rosa Electric Railway Depot ( now the West County Museum ) in Sebastopol , the 1922 addition to the C.C. Silk Mill in Petaluma , the 1911 remodel of the McNear Building in Petaluma and part of the McClay Building , the 1920 Petaluma Post Office ( now a retail store ) , the Simon Pinschower House in Cloverdale , and the 1922 Petaluma Golf and Country Club Clubhouse . A number of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . Works include ( attribution ) : Ellis-Martin House , 1197 E. Washington St. Petaluma , CA ( Jones , Brainerd ) , NRHP-listed Free Public Library of Petaluma , 20 Fourth St. Petaluma , CA ( Jones , Brainerd ) , NRHP-listed Healdsburg Carnegie Library , 221 Matheson St. Healdsburg , CA ( Jones , Brainerd ) , NRHP-listed W. H. Lumsden House , 727 Mendocino St. Santa Rosa , CA ( Jones , Brainerd ) , NRHP-listed Erskine McNear B. , 121 Knight Dr. San Rafael , CA ( Jones , Brainerd ) , NRHP-listed Old Petaluma Opera House , 147 -- 149 Kentucky St. Petaluma , CA ( Jones , Brainerd ) , NRHP-listed Petaluma Silk Mill , 420 Jefferson St. Petaluma , CA ( Jones , Brainerd ) , NRHP-listed Sebastopol Depot of the Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railway , 261 S. Main St. Sebastopol , CA ( Jones , Brainerd ) , NRHP-listed", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "I_Married_Marge", "score": 0.5480549931526184, "text": "`` I Married Marge '' is the twelfth episode of The Simpsons ' third season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 26 , 1991 . In the episode , Marge worries that she may yet again be pregnant and drives to Dr. Hibbert 's office . While anxiously waiting , Homer begins to tell Bart , Lisa , and Maggie the story of how he and Marge got married and how Bart was born . Written by Jeff Martin and directed by Jeffrey Lynch , `` I Married Marge '' was the second flashback episode of The Simpsons after season two 's `` The Way We Was '' . It features cultural references to The Empire Strikes Back , Charlie 's Angels , and Ms. Pac-Man . The title of the episode is a play on the American television series I Married Joan . Since airing , `` I Married Marge '' has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 11.9 and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired . The episode was the first of three about the births of the Simpsons children , this one covering Bart 's birth , with Lisa 's covered in `` Lisa 's First Word '' in the fourth season , and Maggie 's covered in the sixth season episode `` And Maggie Makes Three '' . The episode also expands upon the family 's origins as a result of Marge falling pregnant with Bart , briefly referred to in `` The Way We Was '' , and introduces key moments , such as Bart 's conception at a Mini-Golf course , which would ultimately become a major part of the series ' canon .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Let's_Get_Married_(1937_film)", "score": 0.5405159592628479, "text": "For other works with the same name , see Let 's Get Married ( disambiguation ) . Let 's Get Married is a 1937 American comedy film starring Ida Lupino , who plays the daughter of a political consultant , Joe Quinn ( Walter Connolly ) .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Land_of_the_Pharaohs", "score": 0.5398237109184265, "text": "Land of the Pharaohs is a 1955 American epic film in Cinemascope , directed and produced by Howard Hawks and starring Jack Hawkins as Pharaoh Khufu ( also known as Cheops ) and Joan Collins as his second wife Nellifer , in a fictional account of the building of the Great Pyramid . Novelist William Faulkner was one of the three screenwriters . The film literally had a cast of thousands ( Warner Bros. press office claimed there were 9,787 extras in one scene ) and was one of Hollywood 's largest-scale , ancient world epics , in the spirit of The Robe , The Ten Commandments , Ben Hur , and others . The film was shot on location in Egypt and in Rome 's Titanus studios .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Goodbye_Mr._Loser", "score": 0.5392597317695618, "text": "Goodbye Mr. Loser is a 2015 Chinese comedy film directed by Yan Fei and Peng Damo , and starring Shen Teng , Ma Li , Yin Zheng , Ai Lun , Wang Zhi , Tian Yu , Song Yang , Chang Yuan and Li Ping . The film is based on a play of the same name . It was released on September 30 , 2015 . Some critics have accused the film of containing similar plot elements as the 1986 American film Peggy Sue Got Married . The directors later denied these allegations . Starring a cast of largely non-film comedians , the film became an enormous sleeper hit in China and was fueled by explosive word of mouth .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "The_Marriage_(TV_series)", "score": 0.5390760898590088, "text": "The Marriage is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from July to August 1954 . The series is noted as the first prime-time network television series to be broadcast regularly in color . Broadcast live by NBC for seven episodes in the summer of 1954 , the series stars real-life couple Hume Cronyn ( who also produced the show ) and Jessica Tandy as a New York lawyer and his wife with two children , played by Susan Strasberg and Malcolm Brodrick .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Al_Motazawegoon", "score": 0.5324503779411316, "text": "Al Motazawegoon ( المتزوجون , `` The Married Couples '' ) is an Arabic play , conceived , produced and performed in the various theaters of Egypt . The cast included several yesteryear Egyptian theater icons such as Samir Ghanem and Sherin . The play received great adulation and praise from critics and audiences alike . It provided great relief to Egyptian audiences plagued by economic collapse and poverty . Fast forward to more than 30 years after its inception and performance , Al Motazawagezoon has gone on to become a cult comedy theatrical classic , and it has managed to attract and impact thousands of Arabs for its realistic portrayals of marital issues , class differentiation and the attitudes of Egyptian men and women of that particular time . The play was performed in the year 1978 and was credited with resurrecting Egyptian comedy theatre in an age of decline for both Egyptian theatre and film .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Peggy_Lipton", "score": 0.5293763279914856, "text": "Margaret Ann `` Peggy '' Lipton ( born August 30 , 1946 ) is an American actress and former model . Lipton became an overnight success through her best-known role as flower child Julie Barnes in the ABC counterculture television series The Mod Squad ( 1968 -- 1973 ) for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Television Series Drama in 1970 . Her career in almost fifty years in television , film , and on stage has included appearances in various other television series , most notably in the role of Norma Jennings in David Lynch 's surreal Twin Peaks . Lipton was married to the musician/producer Quincy Jones and is mother to their two daughters , Rashida Jones and Kidada Jones , who also became actresses .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "The_Purple_Rose_of_Cairo", "score": 0.5246252417564392, "text": "The Purple Rose of Cairo is a 1985 American romantic fantasy comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen , and starring Mia Farrow , Jeff Daniels , and Danny Aiello . Inspired by Sherlock , Jr. , Hellzapoppin ' , and Pirandello 's Six Characters in Search of an Author , it is the tale of a film character named Tom Baxter who leaves a fictional film of the same name and enters the real world . The film was released on March 1 , 1985 to critical acclaim . It won the BAFTA Award for Best Film , while Allen received several screenwriting nominations , including an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award and a Writers Guild of America Award . Allen has ranked it among his best films , along with Stardust Memories and Match Point .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Rachel_Getting_Married", "score": 0.5234730839729309, "text": "Rachel Getting Married is a 2008 drama film directed by Jonathan Demme , and starring Anne Hathaway , Rosemarie DeWitt , Bill Irwin and Debra Winger . The film was released in the U.S. to select theaters on October 3 , 2008 . The film opened the 65th Venice International Film Festival . The film also opened in Canada 's Toronto International Film Festival on September 6 , 2008 . Hathaway received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for her performance in the film .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Peggy_Carlisle", "score": 0.5230740904808044, "text": "Peggy Carlisle was a British actress .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Janie_Gets_Married", "score": 0.5202423930168152, "text": "Janie Gets Married is a 1946 American comedy film directed by Vincent Sherman and written by Agnes Christine Johnston . The film stars Joan Leslie , Robert Hutton , Edward Arnold , Ann Harding , Robert Benchley and Dorothy Malone . The film was released by Warner Bros. on June 22 , 1946 . This is a sequel to 1944 's Janie . Hutton , Arnold , Harding and Benchley reprise their earlier roles , but Leslie replaces actress Joyce Reynolds in the title role .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Al_Maslaha", "score": 0.5199568271636963, "text": "An Egyptian movie directed by Sandra Nashaat .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "The_Prince_of_Egypt", "score": 0.5189111232757568, "text": "The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short . Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics . Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "1986_in_archaeology", "score": 0.5187989473342896, "text": "The year 1986 in archaeology involved some significant events .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "My_Wife_Got_Married", "score": 0.5187882781028748, "text": "My Wife Got Married is a 2008 South Korean film . Directed by Jeong Yoon-soo and starring Kim Joo-hyuk and Son Ye-jin in the lead roles , the film is adapted from a bestselling novel of the same name by Park Hyun-wook .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "The_Color_Purple_(film)", "score": 0.5186578035354614, "text": "The Color Purple is a 1985 American period drama film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Menno Meyjes , based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name by Alice Walker . It was Spielberg 's eighth film as a director , and was a change from the summer blockbusters for which he had become famous . The film was also the first feature-length film directed by Spielberg for which John Williams did not compose the music . The film starred Danny Glover , Desreta Jackson , Margaret Avery , Oprah Winfrey ( in her film debut ) , Adolph Caesar , Rae Dawn Chong , and featured Whoopi Goldberg ( also in her film debut ) as Celie Harris-Johnson . Filmed in Anson and Union counties in North Carolina , the film tells the story of a young African American girl named Celie Harris and shows the problems African American women faced during the early 20th century , including domestic violence , incest , pedophilia , poverty , racism , and sexism . Celie is transformed as she finds her self-worth through the help of two strong female companions .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "1986_in_animation", "score": 0.517983615398407, "text": "Events in 1986 in animation .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
57330
Andy Roddick lost 5 Master Series between 2002 and 2010.
[ { "id": "Andy_Roddick", "score": 0.67323899269104, "text": "Andrew Stephen `` Andy '' Roddick ( born August 30 , 1982 ) is an American former professional tennis player . He became a Grand Slam singles champion , and world number one , when he won the title at the 2003 US Open , defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero in the final . Despite several more years as one of the world 's best players that would remain his only Grand Slam triumph . He is the most recent North American male player to win a Grand Slam singles event , the most recent to reach the top ranking , and the most recent to claim the year-end world No. 1 ( 2003 ) . Roddick reached four other Grand Slam finals ( Wimbledon in 2004 , 2005 , and 2009 , and the US Open in 2006 ) , losing to Roger Federer every time . Roddick was ranked in the top 10 for nine consecutive years between 2002 and 2010 , at year 's end , and won five Masters Series in that period . He is married to Brooklyn Decker , a former Sports Illustrated swimwear model and actress . On August 30 , 2012 , during the 2012 US Open and on his 30th birthday , Roddick announced that he would retire after the tournament . Following a fourth-round defeat by Juan Martín del Potro , Roddick retired from the sport with the aim of focusing on his foundation , the Andy Roddick Foundation , in future years . In 2015 , Roddick played for the Austin Aces in World Team Tennis . This was his eighth season in World Team Tennis and the fifth team he has played for ." } ]
[ { "id": "2011_Australian_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6395530104637146, "text": "Roger Federer was the defending champion , but lost in the semifinals to Novak Djokovic , who went on to win the tournament by defeating Andy Murray 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 3 in the final . It was Djokovic 's 2nd title at the Australian Open . Federer was vying to win five Australian Open titles in the Open Era . Rafael Nadal , the 2009 champion , had the chance to become the first man since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four Grand Slam tournaments at once , having won the French Open , Wimbledon and U.S. Open in 2010 , but he lost in the quarter-finals against compatriot David Ferrer . This feat was ultimately achieved by Djokovic at the 2016 French Open .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "2013_Sony_Open_Tennis_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6392557621002197, "text": "Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion , but lost in the fourth round to Tommy Haas which as of 2017 is his most recent loss in Miami . This championship was the first since the tournament 's inception that no American was featured in the quarterfinals , with the last player from the US , Sam Querrey , beaten in the fourth round by Tomas Berdych . This meant that it was also the first all-European final eight at the Miami Masters . Andy Murray won his second Miami Masters title ( after 2009 ) , defeating David Ferrer in the final , 2 -- 6 , 6 -- 4 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 1 ) .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "2017_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6391993165016174, "text": "Novak Djokovic was the defending champion , but lost in the semifinals to Rafael Nadal . Nadal went on to win his 5th Madrid Open title , beating Dominic Thiem in the final , 7 -- 6 ( 10 -- 8 ) , 6 -- 4 . With the win Nadal ties Djokovic with 30 Masters 1000 singles titles .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "2015_French_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6380667686462402, "text": "Rafael Nadal was the five-time defending champion , but Novak Djokovic defeated him in the quarterfinals . This was just Nadal 's second career defeat here and ended his record win streak of 39 matches . Nadal had won all six of their prior matches here , each during one of his record nine title runs . Also , Stan Wawrinka defeated 2009 champion Roger Federer in the quarterfinals , meaning that for the first time since 2004 , neither Nadal nor Federer reached the final and won the title . Wawrinka defeated Djokovic in the final , 4 -- 6 , 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 4 , to win his first French Open and second Grand Slam title . During both of his title runs he defeated the top two seeds .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Andy_Murray_career_statistics", "score": 0.6372154951095581, "text": "Andy Murray is a professional tennis player who is the current world No. 1 in the ATP rankings . He is the reigning Olympic champion , having won the men 's singles tennis tournament at the 2016 Rio Olympics . In 2016 , he became the first man to win singles titles at ( 1 ) a grand slam , ( 2 ) Olympic gold , ( 3 ) Masters 1000 event , and ( 4 ) the ATP World Tour Finals . He has reached eleven grand slam finals in total : he won the 2016 Wimbledon Championships , 2013 Wimbledon Championships and the 2012 US Open , and finished as runner-up at the 2008 US Open , the 2010 , 2011 , 2013 , 2015 and 2016 Australian Opens , at Wimbledon in 2012 and the 2016 French Open . Murray made his professional tennis debut on the main tour in Barcelona in 2005 . So far in his career , Murray has won 45 singles titles . This includes three Grand Slam titles , 14 Masters 1000 Series titles ( placing him ninth on the all-time list ) , two gold medals at the Olympics , and a title at the ATP Finals . He also has two exhibition titles medal in the mixed doubles with Laura Robson . He has won over $ 58 million US dollars in prize money . Below is a list of career achievements and titles won by Andy Murray .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "2010_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6368793845176697, "text": "The Men 's Singles event at the 2010 saw Rafael Nadal , the World No. 1 and 2nd seed , defeat 12th seed Tomáš Berdych , 6 -- 3 , 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 4 , in the final to win his second Wimbledon title , and his eighth Grand Slam title overall . Roger Federer was the defending champion , but Berdych knocked him out in the quarterfinals en route to his final appearance . This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men 's singles final , and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage , having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals ( of which he won all but three ) . This was also the first time since 2003 , when Mark Philippoussis lost to Roger Federer , that a player other than Nadal , Federer , or Andy Roddick played in the Wimbledon final . Berdych became the first Czech man to reach the final since Ivan Lendl in 1987 Wimbledon Championships . For the first time ever at Wimbledon , there were no English players in the men 's singles competition , although Great Britain was represented by two players from Scotland : fourth seed Andy Murray and wildcard Jamie Baker . The first round match between John Isner and Nicolas Mahut set a new record for the longest tennis match in history ( in both time and total of games ) . Isner won the match , taking the final set 70 -- 68 after a total of 11 hours and 5 minutes play across three days . The two faced each other again in the first round the following year , with Isner taking that match 7 -- 6 , 6 -- 2 , 7 -- 6 .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "2008_Western_&_Southern_Financial_Group_Masters_–_Singles", "score": 0.6355197429656982, "text": "Roger Federer was the defending champion , but lost in the third round to Ivo Karlović . Andy Murray won in the final 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 4 ) , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 5 ) , against Novak Djokovic , to claim his first ATP Masters title .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "2005_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6345301866531372, "text": "Roger Federer defeated Andre Agassi 6 -- 3 , 2 -- 6 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 1 ) , 6 -- 1 in the final to win the Men 's Singles tennis title at the 2005 US Open . This was the first US Open that future champions Novak Djokovic , Andy Murray and Stan Wawrinka competed in the main draw . Noteworthy in this tournament was a strong performance by the American men , despite former champion and world # 1 Andy Roddick losing in the first round . Wildcard James Blake made the quarterfinal , upsetting # 2 Rafael Nadal in the third round before eventually losing to Agassi in a five-set match . Unheralded American Robby Ginepri , whose run was enhanced by Roddick 's early defeat , made it all the way to the semi-final and lost to Agassi in another five - setter .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "2015_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6345248222351074, "text": "Marin Čilić was the defending champion , but lost to Novak Djokovic in the semifinals . Djokovic went on to win the title , defeating Roger Federer in the final , 6 -- 4 , 5 -- 7 , 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 4 . By reaching the final , Djokovic became the third man to reach all four major Grand Slam finals in the same year in the Open Era after Rod Laver and Federer . Earlier that year , he won the Australian Open and Wimbledon and lost to Stan Wawrinka at Roland Garros . This was the first time since the 2010 US Open that Andy Murray was beaten before the quarter-finals of a Grand Slam tournament , losing to Kevin Anderson in the fourth round . This ended a streak of 18 consecutive Grand Slam quarter-finals ( he missed the 2013 French Open due to injury ) . This was also the last Grand Slam tournament for former top fifteen players Mardy Fish and Jarkko Nieminen .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "2005_Australian_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6344748735427856, "text": "Roger Federer was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Marat Safin despite holding a match point in the fourth set . Safin won the title , defeating home player Lleyton Hewitt in the final , 1 -- 6 , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 4 . It was Safin 's second and last Grand Slam title , having also won the 2000 U.S. Open . The final attracted a large number of viewers in Australia , averaging 4.05 million viewers . The viewing audience remains one of the highest in Australian viewing history . This tournament was the first Grand Slam in which future world No. 1 Novak Djokovic competed in the main draw , where Djokovic lost to Safin in the first round , and the last Australian Open where Andre Agassi competed in the main draw . It was also the last Grand Slam where either Federer , Djokovic , or Rafael Nadal failed to make the finals until the 2014 US Open , a span of 38 events .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "2003_Roger_Federer_tennis_season", "score": 0.6344019770622253, "text": "Tennis player Roger Federer won his first Grand Slam title in the 2003 Wimbledon Championships , which he won it over Mark Philippoussis , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 5 ) , 6 -- 2 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 3 ) . Federer won his first and only doubles Masters Series 1000 Event in Miami with Max Mirnyi , and made it to one singles Masters Series 1000 final in Rome on clay , which he lost . Federer made it to nine finals on the ATP Tour , of which he won seven , including the 500 series events at Dubai and Vienna . Lastly , Federer won the Year-End Championships over Andre Agassi .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "2003_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6342067122459412, "text": "Pete Sampras was the reigning champion , but he retired from professional tennis in August of that year . Andy Roddick claimed his first and only Grand Slam title , defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero , 6 -- 3 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 2 ) , 6 -- 3 , in the final . Roddick is the most recent American male singles player to win the US Open singles title as well as any other Grand Slam singles title . This was the first US Open where Rafael Nadal appeared in the main draw , and this was also the final Grand Slam appearance of former top 5 player and Slam champion Michael Chang in the tournament .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "2012_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6341902017593384, "text": "Novak Djokovic was the defending champion , but he was defeated in the final by Andy Murray 7 -- 6 ( 12 -- 10 ) , 7 -- 5 , 2 -- 6 , 3 -- 6 , 6 -- 2 in 4 hours 54 minutes , equalling the record for the longest US Open final in history . By defeating Djokovic , Murray claimed his first Grand Slam title , becoming the first British man since Fred Perry , winner of the US Open in 1936 , to win a Grand Slam championship , after having been runner-up on four previous occasions . Andy Roddick , the 2003 champion , played his last professional match here before retirement , losing to Juan Martín del Potro in the fourth round and bringing a close to his 13-year career . The 2012 tournament marked the first time since the 2004 French Open that neither Roger Federer nor Rafael Nadal reached the semifinals of a Grand Slam event .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "2012_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6340057849884033, "text": "Novak Djokovic was the three-time defending champion , but lost in the semifinals to Andy Murray.Roger Federer won his fifth Dubai title , defeating Murray 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 4 in the final .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "2004_NASDAQ-100_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6338685154914856, "text": "Andre Agassi was the three times defending champion but lost in the fourth round to Agustín Calleri . Agassi 's win over Max Mirnyi in the 3rd round was his record 20th consecutive win at the Miami Open . Andy Roddick won the final 6 -- 7 ( 2 -- 7 ) , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 1 after Guillermo Coria was forced to retire . The third round match between Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer marks the first time they faced each other .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "ATP_World_Tour_250_series", "score": 0.6335439085960388, "text": "The ATP World Tour 250 series ( previously known as the ATP World Series and ATP International Series ) is the fifth highest tier of men 's tennis tournament after the four Grand Slam tournaments , ATP World Tour Finals , ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , and ATP World Tour 500 . The series includes 40 tournaments , with 250 rankings points awarded to each singles champion -- which accounts for the name of the series . Draws consist of 28 , 32 , or 48 for singles and 16 for doubles .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "2009_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6334783434867859, "text": "Rafael Nadal was the defending champion , but withdrew from the tournament due to knee tendinitis . In the final , Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the longest men 's singles final ( in terms of games played ) in Grand Slam tournament history with 77 games , breaking the record of 71 games set at the 1927 Australian Open . The match also had the longest fifth set ( 16 -- 14 ) in a major men 's singles final , surpassing the 11 -- 9 fifth set in the 1927 French Open final . The match took 4 hours and 17 minutes to complete , and the fifth set alone lasted 95 minutes . By winning his 15th Major , Roger Federer surpassed Pete Sampras 's record of 14 major titles . In a rare occurrence , Roddick lost despite only having his serve broken once , in the very last game of the match . As a result , Federer regained the No. 1 ranking for the first time since August 2008 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "List_of_ATP_Tour_Top-level_tournament_singles_champions", "score": 0.6334225535392761, "text": "Grand Slam tournaments , the Masters series , the ATP Finals , and the Olympics are considered the four highest tiers of men 's tennis since the introduction of the ATP Tour in 1990 . This is a list of the men 's singles champions at these events . The chart will help in visualizing which players were the most dominant across multiple years and events . Each entry has an asterisk linking to the tournament of that year . IW = Indian Wells , MI = Miami , MC = Monte Carlo , MA/HA = Madrid/Hamburg , RO = Rome , CA = Canada , CI = Cincinnati , SH/MA = Shanghai/Madrid ( Stockholm , Essen , Stuttgart ) , PA = Paris , OG = Olympic Gold The 4th Masters Series tournament was played in Hamburg through 2008 but moved to its current location in Madrid in 2009 . The 8th Masters Series tournament has had a very turbulent history . It was played in Stockholm from 1990 to 1994 , Essen in 1995 , Stuttgart from 1996 to 2001 , and Madrid from 2002 to 2008 before moving to its current location in Shanghai in 2009 . The Masters Series tournaments are listed in chronological order , except that Cincinnati and Canada were switched in 1996 only , and Rome and Madrid/Hamburg were held in reversed order from 2000 to 2010 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "2009_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "score": 0.6325671076774597, "text": "Roger Federer was the five-time defending champion , but was defeated by Juan Martín del Potro in the final , 3 -- 6 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 5 ) , 4 -- 6 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 4 ) , 6 -- 2 . This was del Potro 's first major title . Federer was trying to win his sixth consecutive US Open title since Bill Tilden in 1925 during the Pre-Open era . He was also vying the first man to win Grand Slams in clay , grass and hard court on the same calendar year after he won the French Open and Wimbledon earlier that year and also could become the first player trying to win French Open , Wimbledon and US Open in the same calendar year since Rod Laver in 1969 . He was on a 41-match winning streak at Flushing Meadows prior to defeat to del Potro . It also was the only major not won by the Big Four between the 2005 Australian Open and the 2014 Australian Open , a span of 35 events . This was also where former champion Marat Safin made his final grand slam appearance . In addition , no American player reached the quarterfinals for the first time in US Open history .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "2006_Stella_Artois_Championships_–_Singles", "score": 0.6325017213821411, "text": "Andy Roddick was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to James Blake . Lleyton Hewitt won in the final 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 4 against Blake .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
52432
As the Vietnam War raged in 1969, Yoko Ono and her husband John Lennon did not have two week-long Bed-Ins for Peace.
[ { "id": "Bed-In", "score": 0.7747795581817627, "text": "As the Vietnam War raged in 1969 , Yoko Ono and her husband John Lennon held two week-long Bed-Ins for Peace , one at the Hilton Hotel in Amsterdam and one at Fairmont The Queen Elizabeth in Montreal , each of which were intended to be non-violent protests against wars , and experimental tests of new ways to promote peace . The idea is derived from a `` sit-in '' , in which a group of protesters remains seated in front of an establishment until they are evicted , arrested , or their demands are met . The public proceedings were filmed , and later turned into a documentary movie . The film Bed Peace was made available for free on YouTube in August 2011 by Yoko Ono , as part of her website `` Imagine Peace '' ." } ]
[ { "id": "Yoko_Ono", "score": 0.6746222376823425, "text": "Yoko Ono ( born February 18 , 1933 ) is a Japanese multimedia artist , singer , songwriter , and peace activist who is also known for her work in performance art and filmmaking . She performs in both English and Japanese . She is the second wife and widow of singer-songwriter John Lennon of the Beatles . Ono grew up in Tokyo and studied at Gakushuin . She withdrew from her course after two years and rejoined her family in New York in 1953 . She spent some time at Sarah Lawrence College , and then became involved in New York City 's downtown artists scene , including the Fluxus group . She first met Lennon in 1966 at her own art exhibition in London , and they became a couple in 1968 . With their performance Bed-Ins for Peace in Amsterdam and Montreal in 1969 , Ono and Lennon famously used their honeymoon at the Hilton Amsterdam as a stage for public protests against the Vietnam War . She brought feminism to the forefront in her music , influencing artists as diverse as the B-52s and Meredith Monk . Ono achieved commercial and critical acclaim in 1980 with the chart-topping album Double Fantasy , a collaboration with Lennon that was released three weeks before his death . Public appreciation of Ono 's work has shifted over time , helped by a retrospective at a Whitney Museum branch in 1989 and the 1992 release of the six-disc box set Onobox . Retrospectives of her artwork have also been presented at the Japan Society in New York City in 2001 , in Bielefeld , Germany , and the UK in 2008 , Frankfurt , and Bilbao , Spain , in 2013 and MOMA in New York City in 2015 . She received a Golden Lion Award for lifetime achievement from the Venice Biennale in 2009 and the 2012 Oskar Kokoschka Prize , Austria 's highest award for applied contemporary art . As Lennon 's widow , Ono works to preserve his legacy . She funded Strawberry Fields in Manhattan 's Central Park , the Imagine Peace Tower in Iceland , and the John Lennon Museum in Saitama , Japan ( which closed in 2010 ) . She has made significant philanthropic contributions to the arts , peace , Philippine and Japan disaster relief , and other causes . In 2012 Yoko Ono received the Dr. Rainer Hildebrandt Human Rights Award endowed by Alexandra Hildebrandt . The award is given annually in recognition of extraordinary , non-violent commitment to human rights . Ono continues her social activism , inaugurating a biennial $ 50,000 LennonOno Grant for Peace in 2002 and co-founding the group Artists Against Fracking in 2012 . She has a daughter , Kyoko Chan Cox , from her marriage to Anthony Cox and a son , Sean Taro Ono Lennon , from her marriage to Lennon . She collaborates musically with Sean Lennon .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Give_Peace_a_Chance", "score": 0.66916424036026, "text": "`` Give Peace a Chance '' is a song written by John Lennon ( credited to Lennon -- McCartney ) , and performed with Yoko Ono in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . Released as a single in 1969 by the Plastic Ono Band on Apple Records ( catalogue Apple 13 in the United Kingdom , Apple 1809 in the United States ) , it is the first solo single issued by Lennon , released when he was still a member of the Beatles , and became an anthem of the American anti-war movement during the 1970s . It peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 2 on the British singles chart .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Hilton_Amsterdam", "score": 0.650331974029541, "text": "The Hilton Amsterdam is a hotel in Apollobuurt , Amsterdam , in the Netherlands . It is located at Apollolaan 138 along the Noorder Amstelkanaal , a canal connected to the Amstel river . The hotel opened officially in 1962 and is a branch of the Hilton Hotels chain . It is known for John Lennon and Yoko Ono 's `` Bed-In '' for peace which was staged in 1969 to protest the Vietnam War .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "John_Lennon", "score": 0.6488363742828369, "text": "John Winston Ono Lennon , ( born John Winston Lennon ; 9 October 19408 December 1980 ) was an English guitarist , singer , and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles , the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music . He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership . Born and raised in Liverpool , Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager ; his first band , the Quarrymen , first became the Silver Beatles , and finally , evolved into the Beatles in 1960 . When the group disbanded in 1970 , Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine , and songs such as `` Give Peace a Chance '' , `` Working Class Hero '' , and `` Imagine '' . After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969 , he added `` Ono '' as one of his middle names . Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean , but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy . He was murdered three weeks after its release . Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music , writing , drawings , on film and in interviews . Controversial through his political and peace activism , he moved to Manhattan in 1971 , where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixon 's administration to deport him , while some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture . By 2012 , Lennon 's solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and , as writer , co-writer , or performer , he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart . In 2002 , a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and , in 2008 , Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time . He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987 , and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice , in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Live_Peace_in_Toronto_1969", "score": 0.6339285373687744, "text": "Live Peace in Toronto 1969 is a live album by the Plastic Ono Band , released December 1969 on Apple . Recorded at the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival festival , it was the first live album released by any member of the Beatles separately or together . John Lennon and his wife Yoko Ono received a phone call from the festival 's promoters John Brower and Kenny Walker , and then assembled a band in a very short space of time to play at the festival , which was due to start the following day . The band included Eric Clapton , Klaus Voormann , and drummer Alan White . The group had brief rehearsals before appearing on the stage to perform several songs ; one of which , `` Cold Turkey '' , was first performed live at said festival . Eventually returning home , Lennon mixed the album in a day . The album peaked at number 10 on the Billboard 200 and has been certified a gold album by the RIAA , and failed to chart in the UK . The original LP came with a thirteen-month 1970 calendar . A video of several performances , not just the Plastic Ono Band 's set , was released on video . Since its first release , the album has been reissued a number of times .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "John_and_Yoko:_A_Love_Story", "score": 0.6284860968589783, "text": "John and Yoko : A Love Story is a 1985 television drama that chronicles the lives of John Lennon and Yoko Ono , beginning just before they met in 1966 and concluding with Lennon 's murder in 1980 . The movie was made with the co-operation of Yoko Ono , who controlled the song rights .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "May_Pang", "score": 0.6284459829330444, "text": "May Fung Yee Pang ( born October 24 , 1950 ) is an American , best known as the former girlfriend of John Lennon . She had previously worked as a personal assistant and production coordinator for Lennon and his wife , Yoko Ono . In 1973 , when Lennon and Ono separated , Pang and Lennon had a relationship lasting over 18 months , during a time which Lennon later referred to as his `` Lost Weekend . '' Pang subsequently produced two books about their relationship : a memoir called Loving John ( Warner , 1983 ) and a book of photographs , Instamatic Karma ( St. Martin 's Press , 2008 ) . Pang was married to producer Tony Visconti from 1989 to 2000 and had two children , Sebastian and Lara .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War", "score": 0.6271132826805115, "text": "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War began with demonstrations in 1964 against the escalating role of the U.S. military in the Vietnam War and grew into a broad social movement over the ensuing several years . This movement informed and helped shape the vigorous and polarizing debate , primarily in the United States , during the second half of the 1960s and early 1970s on how to end the war . Many in the peace movement within the U.S. were students , mothers , or anti-establishment hippies . Opposition grew with participation by the African-American civil rights , women 's liberation , and Chicano movements , and sectors of organized labor . Additional involvement came from many other groups , including educators , clergy , academics , journalists , lawyers , physicians ( such as Benjamin Spock ) , and military veterans . Their actions consisted mainly of peaceful , nonviolent events ; few events were deliberately provocative and violent . In some cases , police used violent tactics against peaceful demonstrators . By 1967 , according to Gallup Polls , an increasing majority of Americans considered US military involvement in Vietnam to be a mistake , echoed decades later by the then head of American war planning , former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Murder_of_John_Lennon", "score": 0.6266613006591797, "text": "John Lennon was an English musician who gained worldwide fame as one of the members of the Beatles , for his subsequent solo career , and for his political activism and pacifism . On Monday , December 8 , 1980 , Lennon was shot by Mark David Chapman in the archway of the Dakota , his residence in New York City . Lennon had just returned from Record Plant Studio with his wife , Yoko Ono . After sustaining four major gunshot wounds , Lennon was pronounced dead on arrival at Roosevelt Hospital . At the hospital , it was stated that nobody could have lived longer than a few minutes after sustaining such injuries . Shortly after local news stations reported Lennon 's death , crowds gathered at Roosevelt Hospital and in front of the Dakota . Lennon was cremated at the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale , New York , two days after his death ; the ashes were given to Ono , who chose not to hold a funeral for him . The first media report of Lennon 's death to a US national audience was announced by Howard Cosell , on ABC 's Monday Night Football .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Student_strike_of_1970", "score": 0.6209409236907959, "text": "On April 30 , 1970 , President Nixon announced the expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia . On May 1 , protests on college campuses and in cities throughout the U.S. began . In Seattle , over a thousand protestors gathered at the Federal Courthouse and cheered speakers . `` At the University of Maryland , an estimated 1,500 students vandalized an armory building where Air Force ROTC classes were held . And at the University of Cincinnati , a number of demonstrators were arrested after they conducted a sit-in and blocked a busy intersection in the middle of the city . Other students such as at Princeton University protested by cutting classes and sought to organize a nationwide student strike . '' At Kent State University , a demonstration with about 500 students was held on the Commons . On May 2 , students burned down the ROTC building at Kent State . On May 4 , poorly trained National Guardsmen confronted and killed four students during a large protest demonstration at the college . Soon , more than 450 university , college and high school campuses across the country were shut down by student strikes and both violent and non-violent protests that involved more than 4 million students . While opposition to the Vietnam War had been simmering on American campuses for several years , and the idea of a strike had been introduced by the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam , which advocated a general strike on the 15th of every month until the war ended , the Kent State shootings seemed to provide the spark for students across the US to adopt the strike tactic . On May 8 , ten days after Nixon announced the Cambodian invasion ( and 4 days after the Kent State shootings ) , 100,000 protesters gathered in Washington and another 150,000 in San Francisco . Nationwide , students turned their anger on what was often the nearest military facility -- college and university Reserve Officers ' Training Corps ( ROTC ) offices . All told , 30 ROTC buildings went up in flames or were bombed . There were violent clashes between students and police at 26 schools and National Guard units were mobilized on 21 campuses in 16 states . For the most part , however , the protests were peaceful -- if often tense . Students at New York University , for example , hung a banner out of a window which read `` They Ca n't Kill Us All . ''", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "The_Ballad_of_John_and_Yoko", "score": 0.6178151965141296, "text": "`` The Ballad of John and Yoko '' is a song written by John Lennon , attributed to Lennon -- McCartney as was the custom , and released by the Beatles as a single in May 1969 . The song , chronicling the events surrounding Lennon 's marriage to Yoko Ono , was the Beatles ' 17th and final UK number one single .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Make_love,_not_war", "score": 0.6170240640640259, "text": "Make love , not war is an anti-war slogan commonly associated with the American counterculture of the 1960s . It was used primarily by those who were opposed to the Vietnam War , but has been invoked in other anti-war contexts since . The `` make love '' part of the slogan often referred to the practice of free love that was growing among the American youth who denounced marriage as a tool for those who supported war and favored the traditional capitalist culture . The phrase 's origins are unclear ; Gershon Legman claimed to be the inventor of the phrase , so did American singer Rod McKuen , and some credit artist , social activist , folk figure , and sometime United States Presidential candidate under the Nudist Party on the Hippie ` Love Ticket ' Louis Abolafia . Radical activists Penelope and Franklin Rosemont and Tor Faegre helped to popularize the phrase by printing thousands of `` Make Love , Not War '' buttons at the Solidarity Bookshop in Chicago , Illinois and distributing them at the Mother 's Day Peace March in 1965 . They were the first to print the slogan . In April 1965 , at a Vietnam demonstration in Eugene , Oregon , Diane Newell Meyer , then a senior at the University of Oregon , pinned a handwritten note on her sweater reading `` Let 's make love , not war '' , thus marking the beginning of the popularity of this phrase . A picture of Meyer wearing the slogan was printed in the Eugene Register-Guard and then a related article turned up in the New York Times on May 9 , 1965 . When the slogan was used in California in 1967 , then Governor Ronald Reagan joked to protesters `` Those guys -LSB- the protesters -RSB- look like they ca n't make either of both '' .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Lists_of_protests_against_the_Vietnam_War", "score": 0.6164336204528809, "text": "Protests against the Vietnam War took place in the 1960s and 1970s . The protests were part of a movement in opposition to the Vietnam War and took place mainly in the United States .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Life_Begins_at_40_(song)", "score": 0.6144151091575623, "text": "`` Life Begins at 40 '' is a song by John Lennon . It was written in 1980 , the year that both Lennon and Ringo Starr turned 40 years of age . Lennon recorded a demo of the song at his home , but it was not recorded at any of the sessions for his comeback album , Double Fantasy . Instead , he intended to give the song to Starr to record on his own forthcoming album , Ca n't Fight Lightning . The song 's amiable country feel was well suited to Starr 's singing style . After Lennon 's murder in December 1980 , those plans were shelved . However , Lennon 's demo was eventually issued in 1998 on the John Lennon Anthology box set .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "I_Don't_Wanna_Be_a_Soldier_Mama", "score": 0.6113400459289551, "text": "`` I Do n't Wan na Be a Soldier Mama '' ( also known as `` I Do n't Want To Be a Soldier '' ) is a song written and performed by John Lennon , and released in 1971 as the fifth track on his second studio album , Imagine . The song is a rant against the expectations of society .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Happy_Xmas_(War_Is_Over)", "score": 0.6102071404457092, "text": "`` Happy Xmas ( War Is Over ) '' is a Christmas song with lyrics by John Lennon and Yoko Ono , released in 1971 as a single by John & Yoko/Plastic Ono Band with the Harlem Community Choir . The lyrics are set to the traditional English ballad `` Skewball '' . It was the seventh single release by Lennon outside of his work with the Beatles . The song reached number 4 in the UK , where its release was delayed until November 1972 , and has periodically reemerged on the UK Singles Chart , most notably after Lennon 's death in 1980 , at which point it peaked at number 2 . Also a protest song against the Vietnam War , `` Happy Xmas ( War Is Over ) '' has since become a Christmas standard , frequently covered by other artists , appearing on compilation albums of seasonal music , and named in polls as a holiday favourite .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Plastic_Ono_Band", "score": 0.6068788170814514, "text": "The Plastic Ono Band is a band formed by John Lennon and Yoko Ono in 1969 as a vehicle for their collaborative and solo projects . Lennon and Ono had begun a personal and artistic relationship in 1968 , collaborating on several experimental releases . Following their marriage in 1969 , they decided that all of their future endeavours would be credited to a conceptual and collaborative vehicle , Plastic Ono Band . The band would go on to feature a rotating lineup of many musicians , including Eric Clapton , Klaus Voormann , Alan White , Billy Preston , Jim Keltner , Delaney & Bonnie and Friends , and Lennon 's former Beatles bandmates George Harrison and Ringo Starr . After the Lennons ' move to New York , they began collaborating with Elephant 's Memory , under the moniker of the `` Plastic Ono Elephant 's Memory Band '' . Lennon 's collaborations continued under similar names , until the winding down of the concept in 1974 . Since 2009 ( following the death of Lennon in 1980 ) , Ono and her son Sean Lennon have led a new incarnation of the group , known as the Yoko Ono Plastic Ono Band , which has engaged in many new activities .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "LennonOno_Grant_for_Peace", "score": 0.6034963726997375, "text": "The LennonOno Grant for Peace is an award presented by artist and peace activist Yoko Ono . The grant , a sum of $ 50,000 , has been awarded biennially to people and organisations chosen by Ono herself since 2002 , in honour of Ono 's late husband John Lennon .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "1965_Saigon_bombing", "score": 0.6022748351097107, "text": "On June 25 , 1965 , during the Vietnam War , a series of two bombings took place in Saigon . 42 people were killed in the explosions .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "You_Don't_Have_to_Be_in_the_Army_to_Fight_in_the_War", "score": 0.5975221395492554, "text": "`` You Do n't Have to Be in the Army to Fight in the War '' is a popular song and hit single by the British group Mungo Jerry , first released in 1971 .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
214706
Tupac Shakur was born Lesane Parish Crooks.
[ { "id": "Tupac_Shakur", "score": 0.8021137714385986, "text": "Tupac Amaru Shakur ( -LSB- ˈtuːpɑːk_ʃəˈkʊər -RSB- ; born Lesane Parish Crooks ; June 16 , 1971September 13 , 1996 ) , also known by his stage names 2Pac , Makaveli , and Pac , was an American rapper , record producer , actor , and poet . As of 2007 , Shakur has sold over 75 million records worldwide . His double disc albums All Eyez on Me and his Greatest Hits are among the best-selling albums in the United States . He has been listed and ranked as one of the greatest artists of all time by many publications , including Rolling Stone , which ranked him 86th on its list of The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . He is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all time . On April 7 , 2017 , Shakur was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Shakur began his career as a roadie , backup dancer , and MC for the alternative hip hop group Digital Underground , eventually branching off as a solo artist . Most of the themes in Shakur 's songs revolved around the violence and hardship in inner cities , racism , and other social problems . Both of his parents and several other people in his family were members of the Black Panther Party , whose ideals were reflected in his songs . During the latter part of his career , Shakur was a vocal participant during the East Coast -- West Coast hip hop rivalry , becoming involved in conflicts with other rappers , producers , and record-label staff members , most notably The Notorious B.I.G. and the label Bad Boy Records . On September 7 , 1996 , Shakur was fatally shot in a drive-by shooting at the intersection of Flamingo Road and Koval Lane in Las Vegas , Nevada . He was taken to the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada , where he died six days later ." } ]
[ { "id": "Mopreme_Shakur", "score": 0.7105443477630615, "text": "Maurice Williams ( born 1969 ) , better known by his stage name Mopreme Shakur , originally known as Wycked , is an American rapper . He was a member of the hip-hop group Thug Life and is the older step-brother of Tupac Shakur . He was also a member of The Outlawz ( under the name Komani ) , but later dropped out because of a financial disagreement with Death Row Records .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Shakur", "score": 0.7095512747764587, "text": "Shakur is a surname . Notable people with the name include : Tupac Shakur ( 1971 -- 1996 ) , American rapper and actor ` Abd Allah II ibn ` Ali ` Abd ash-Shakur ( died 1930 ) , last Emir of Harar , Ethiopia ( 1884 -- 1887 ) Afeni Shakur ( 1947 -- 2016 ) , former member of the Black Panther Party , mother of Tupac Shakur Assata Shakur ( born 1947 ) , former Black Panther Party activist and escaped convict ( sister of Mutulu Shakur ) Mopreme Shakur ( born 1969 ) , rapper ( stepbrother of Tupac Shakur ) Muhammad ibn ` Ali ` Abd ash-Shakur , Emir of Harar , Ethiopia ( 1856 -- 1875 ) Mustafa Shakur ( born 1984 ) , basketball player Mutulu Shakur ( born 1950 ) , Black Liberation Army leader and convicted murderer ( father of Mopreme Shakur ) Sanyika Shakur ( born 1963 ) , born Kody Dehjon Scott and also known by his former street moniker Monster , former Los Angeles gang member Elias Chacour ( born 1939 ) , Archbishop of Akko , Haifa , Nazareth and All Galilee of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church from 2006 to 2014", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Mutulu_Shakur", "score": 0.6949588060379028, "text": "Mutulu Shakur ( born Jeral Wayne Williams ; August 8 , 1950 ) is an American black nationalist , acupuncturist and convicted felon . He was a proponent of the Republic of New Afrika and a close friend of Geronimo Pratt . Shakur is best known for his conviction on racketeering charges following the 1979 prison escape of Joanne Chesimard ( Assata Shakur ) and the infamous $ 1.6 million robbery of a Brinks armored truck in New York in which a guard and two police officers were killed . It was later found that an illegal project by the FBI , COINTELPRO , aimed at surveilling , infiltrating , discrediting , and neutralizing what they considered domestic political organizations , like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , had targeted Mutulu as well as many of his comrades . He is currently incarcerated in the United States Penitentiary , Victorville . He was stepfather to the late rap artist Tupac Shakur .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Murder_of_Tupac_Shakur", "score": 0.6920545101165771, "text": "On September 7 , 1996 , American hip-hop artist Tupac Shakur was fatally shot in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas , Nevada . The shooting occurred at 11:15 p.m. Pacific time when the car with Shakur stopped at a red light at East Flamingo Road and Koval Lane . Shakur was struck by four .40 caliber rounds fired from a Glock : two in the chest , one in the arm , and one in the thigh . He died from his injuries six days later in the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada . In the 2015 documentary Murder Rap , which discusses both Shakur 's and Wallace 's murders , former LAPD Detective Greg Kading , shares that Orlando Anderson 's uncle `` Keffe D '' offically confirmed that Anderson was the one who shot and killed Shakur .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Afeni_Shakur", "score": 0.6879720687866211, "text": "Afeni Shakur Davis ( born Alice Faye Williams ; January 10 , 1947 -- May 2 , 2016 ) was an American political activist , Black Panther , and music businesswoman . Shakur was the mother of American rapper and actor Tupac Shakur .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Napoleon_(rapper)", "score": 0.6848710775375366, "text": "Mutah Wassin Shabazz Beale ( born October 7 , 1977 ) , better known as Napoleon , is a former member of Tupac Shakur 's rap group Outlawz . Beale has since converted to Islam and is now a motivational speaker .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Outlawz", "score": 0.6783789396286011, "text": "Outlawz , formerly known as Outlaw Immortalz and Dramacydal , is an American hip hop group founded by Tupac Shakur in late 1995 after Shakur 's release from prison . Collectively , they are best known for their association with Tupac Shakur .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Sanyika_Shakur", "score": 0.6753154993057251, "text": "Sanyika Shakur ( born Kody Dehjon Scott ; November 13 , 1963 ) , also known by his former street moniker Monster , is a former member of the Los Angeles gang the Eight Tray Gangster Crips . He got his nickname as a 13-year-old gang member when he beat and stomped a robbery victim until he was disfigured . Shakur claimed to have reformed in prison , joined the Republic of New Afrika movement , and wrote a 1993 autobiography called Monster : The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member . Monster describes how Shakur was drawn into gang life , his experiences as a gangster both on the street and in prisons , and eventually his transformation into a Black nationalist . Shakur spent 36 months at San Quentin State Prison and five years at Pelican Bay State Prison , most of which was spent in solitary confinement , where he converted to Islam . In March 2007 , Shakur , already sought by police for parole violations and named on the city 's most-wanted gang members list , was arrested by the Los Angeles Police Department for allegedly breaking into the home of an acquaintance and beating him in order to steal his car . The charges represent a possible third strike that could send Shakur back to prison for life . In May 2008 Shakur pleaded no contest to carjacking and robbery charges , and was sentenced to six years in state prison . Also in 2008 , Shakur made his fiction debut with the publication of T.H.U.G. L.I.F.E. ( Grove Atlantic Books ) . He was released from Pelican Bay after serving two thirds of his 6-year sentence in August 2012 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "All_Eyez_on_Me_(film)", "score": 0.6711675524711609, "text": "All Eyez on Me is an upcoming American biographical drama film about hip-hop artist Tupac Shakur , directed by Benny Boom and written by Jeremy Haft , Eddie Gonzalez and Steven Bagatourian . Titled after Shakur 's 1996 fourth studio album of the same name , the film stars Demetrius Shipp Jr. as Tupac and co-stars Kat Graham , Lauren Cohan , Hill Harper and Danai Gurira . Principal photography began in mid-December 2015 in Atlanta , Georgia . The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on June 16 , 2017 , on what would have been Shakur 's 46th birthday .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Thug_Life", "score": 0.6705435514450073, "text": "Thug Life was an American hip hop group that consisted of Tupac Shakur , Big Syke , Stretch , Mopreme Shakur , The Rated R , and Macadoshis . They released one album , 1994 's Thug Life : Volume 1 , before disbanding after Tupac died on September 13 , 1996 . Big Syke died on December 5 , 2016 , 20 years after Shakur 's death .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Kastro_(Outlawz)", "score": 0.6613863706588745, "text": "Katari Terrance Cox ( born December 30 , 1976 ) better known by his stage name Kastro , is an American rapper . Best known for being part of Tupac Shakur 's rap group Outlawz . He was also blood cousins with Shakur and is featured on many of the late rapper 's songs such as `` Made Niggaz '' , & `` Hail Mary '' . When he was in Elementary School , he introduced his friend , and future Outlawz rapper , Malcolm Greenbridge , later named E.D.I. Mean , to his cousin .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Tupac_Shakur_discography", "score": 0.6571595668792725, "text": "The discography of Tupac Shakur , an American rapper consists of eleven studio albums . Four were released before Shakur 's death on September 13 , 1996 and seven were posthumously released , the first being The Don Killuminati : The 7 Day Theory released on November 5 , 1996 ( although the album was finished before Shakur 's death ) . As of 2007 , Tupac Shakur has sold over 75 million records worldwide , which makes him one of the highest selling rap artists of all time . As of June 2014 , he was the second best-selling rap or hip-hop artist of the Nielsen Soundscan era in the United States with 29,235,000 albums sold . The RIAA has certified his album sales at 36.5 million . However he sold an additional 5 million under his Makaveli name which gives him 42.5 million overall .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "E.D.I._Mean", "score": 0.6559391617774963, "text": "Malcolm Greenridge ( born July 7 , 1974 ) , known as E.D.I. Mean , is an American hip hop artist and a member of the Outlawz . While in the third grade , Malcolm became friends with Katari `` Kastro '' Cox who later introduced his cousin , Tupac Shakur ,", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Tupac_(name)", "score": 0.6553671360015869, "text": "Tupac , Túpac ` temitope ( in Hispanicized spellings ) or Tupaq ( Quechua ) is a relatively uncommon male name of Andean origin . Notable people with the name include :", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Tupac_Shakur", "score": 0.6534940600395203, "text": "This is a list of awards and nominations received by the late American rapper and actor Tupac Shakur .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Tupac:_A_Thug_Life", "score": 0.6515383124351501, "text": "Tupac : A Thug Life is an anthology and collection of writings on the rapper Tupac Shakur released in 2005 by Plexus Publishing in the UK . The book was edited by Sam Brown with a foreword by music journalist Kris Ex . The title was taken from a quote by Shakur , who once said , `` I did n't choose the thug life ; the thug life chose me . ''", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Tsalta_Baptiste", "score": 0.6504196524620056, "text": "Tsalta Dwan McQueen-Baptiste ( ; born January 19 , 1988 ) , known as Tsalta Baptiste ( -LSB- təˈsɑl.tə -RSB- ) , is an American film director and actor . He gained recognition for a trailer for Until the End of Time , an upcoming Chinese semi-biographical film , in which he portrays late American rapper Tupac Shakur .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Yaki_Kadafi", "score": 0.6481267213821411, "text": "Yafeu Akiyele Fula ( October 9 , 1977 -- November 10 , 1996 ) , better known by his stage name Yaki Kadafi , was an American rapper who was best known as a founder and member of the rap groups Outlawz and Dramacydal . Kadafi 's parents , Yaasmyn Fula and Sekou Odinga , were both members of the Black Panther Party . Fula , and Tupac Shakur 's mother , Afeni Shakur , were close friends , and Kadafi and Tupac were friends until their deaths in 1996 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Young_Noble", "score": 0.6463103294372559, "text": "Rufus Cooper III ( born March 21 , 1978 ) , also known by his stage name Young Noble , is an American rapper . Best known for being part of Tupac Shakur 's rap group Outlawz . Noble joined the Outlawz in early 1996 , and was also the last member to be added to the group by Tupac himself , before the late rapper 's death in September 1996 .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Brenda's_Got_a_Baby", "score": 0.6454159617424011, "text": "`` Brenda 's Got a Baby '' is the solo debut single by Tupac Shakur , and tenth track from his debut album , 2Pacalypse Now . The song , which features R&B singer Dave Hollister , is about a twelve-year-old girl named Brenda who lives in a ghetto , has a baby , and is incapable of supporting it . The song explores the issue of teen pregnancy and its effect on young mothers and their families . Like many of Shakur 's songs , `` Brenda 's Got a Baby '' draws from the plight of the impoverished . Using Brenda to represent young mothers in general , Shakur criticises the low level of support from the baby 's father , the government , and society in general . Shakur wrote the song when he read a newspaper article about a twelve-year-old girl who became pregnant from her cousin and threw the baby in a trash compactor .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
172270
The Jim Henson Company produced The Muppet Movie, The Dark Crystal, and Labyrinth.
[ { "id": "The_Jim_Henson_Company", "score": 0.7500799298286438, "text": "The Jim Henson Company ( also known at various times as Muppets , LLC. , Henson Associates , Ltd. , and Jim Henson Productions , Inc. ) is an American entertainment company , a leading producer of children 's and family entertainment ( despite some of the company 's works containing mature content ) , and best known as the creators of the renowned Muppets characters . Founded in 1958 by puppeteer Jim Henson and performing partner and wife Jane Henson , the company is independently owned and operated by the children of its founders . Henson has produced many successful television series , including The Muppet Show ( later owned by Disney ) , Fraggle Rock , Dinosaurs , Bear in the Big Blue House , and Farscape , and creates the Muppet characters for the long-running PBS television series , Sesame Street . The company has also produced many films , including The Muppet Movie , The Dark Crystal , and Labyrinth . Henson also operates Jim Henson 's Creature Shop , a puppet , animatronics , and visual effects workshop , which has created characters and effects for Henson productions , as well as outside producers . In 1989 , the company entered merger negotiations with The Walt Disney Company , but the deal fell through following Jim Henson 's unexpected death in 1990 . Following Henson 's death and the calling off of the Disney merger , the company was taken over by Henson 's children , Lisa , Cheryl , Brian , John , and Heather , with Brian at the helm . In 2000 Henson was sold to EM.TV & Merchandising AG , a German media company , but by the end of that year , EM.TV 's stock collapsed , and the company was sold back to the Henson family in 2003 . ( EM.TV had in the interim sold the rights to the Sesame Street Muppets to Sesame Workshop in 2001 . ) In 2004 , Henson sold the rights to the Muppets and Bear in the Big Blue House to The Walt Disney Company , but retains the rights to the rest of its characters , program library , and assets . , Brian , Lisa , Cheryl , and Heather Henson run the company ( sibling and fellow co-owner John Henson died in February 2014 ) . Brian Henson serves as chairman , while Lisa Henson serves as CEO . Since 2000 , The Jim Henson Company has been headquartered at the Jim Henson Company Lot , the historic former Charlie Chaplin Studios , in Hollywood , California ." } ]
[ { "id": "Labyrinth_(film)", "score": 0.7014449834823608, "text": "Labyrinth is a 1986 British-American adventure musical fantasy film directed by Jim Henson , executive-produced by George Lucas , and based upon conceptual designs by Brian Froud . The film revolves around 15-year-old Sarah 's ( Jennifer Connelly ) quest to reach the center of an enormous otherworldly maze to rescue her infant brother Toby , who Sarah wished away to Jareth , the Goblin King ( David Bowie ) . With the exception of Connelly and Bowie , most of the film 's significant characters are played by puppets produced by Jim Henson 's Creature Shop . The film started as a collaboration between Henson and Froud , with ideas for the film first being discussed between them following a screening of their previous collaboration , The Dark Crystal . Terry Jones of Monty Python wrote the first draft of the film 's script early in 1984 , drawing on Froud 's sketches for inspiration . Various other script-writers , including Laura Phillips ( who had previously written several episodes of Fraggle Rock ) , Lucas , Dennis Lee , and Elaine May , subsequently re-wrote and made additions to the screenplay , although Jones received the film 's sole screenwriting credit . Labyrinth was shot on location in Upper Nyack , Piermont and Haverstraw in New York , and at Elstree Studios and West Wycombe Park in the United Kingdom . The New York Times reported that Labyrinth had a budget of $ 25 million . The film was a box office disappointment , grossing $ 12.9 million during its U.S. theatrical run . The commercial failure demoralized Henson to the extent that his son Brian remembered the time of the film 's release as one of the most difficult periods of his father 's career . It would be the last feature film directed by Henson before his death in 1990 . Although it was met with a mixed critical response upon its initial release , Labyrinth has since gained a large cult following . A four-volume comic sequel to the film , Return to Labyrinth , was published by Tokyopop between 2006 and 2010 . In 2012 , Archaia Studios Press announced they were developing a graphic novel prequel to the film . In January 2016 , it was announced that a reboot was in development , which was later denied by screenwriter Nicole Perlman , describing it instead as a `` spin-off '' in the same fictional universe .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "List_of_The_Jim_Henson_Company_films", "score": 0.683058500289917, "text": "The founders of The Jim Henson Company are Jim and Jane Henson . This is a list of notable feature films produced by The Jim Henson Company .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Jim_Henson", "score": 0.6796718239784241, "text": "James Maury `` Jim '' Henson ( September 24 , 1936 -- May 16 , 1990 ) was an American puppeteer , artist , cartoonist , inventor , screenwriter , film director and producer who achieved international fame as the creator of the Muppets . Born in Greenville , Mississippi , and raised in Leland , Mississippi , and Hyattsville , Maryland , Henson began developing puppets while attending high school . While he was a freshman at the University of Maryland , College Park , he created Sam and Friends , a five-minute sketch-comedy puppet show that appeared on television . After graduating from the University of Maryland with a degree in home economics , he produced coffee advertisements and developed some experimental films . Feeling the need for more creative output , Henson founded Muppets Inc. in 1958 ( which would later become the Jim Henson Company ) . Henson became famous in the 1960s when he joined the children 's educational television program Sesame Street , and there helped develop characters for the series . He also appeared on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live . In 1976 , after scrapping plans for a Broadway show , he produced The Muppet Show . He won fame for his creations , particularly Kermit the Frog , Rowlf the Dog , and Ernie , and was involved with Sesame Street for over 20 years . Rowlf the Dog was a cast member on the Jimmy Dean Show in the early 60 's . He also had frequent roles in Muppets films such as The Muppet Movie , The Great Muppet Caper , and The Muppets Take Manhattan , and created advanced puppets for projects like Fraggle Rock , The Dark Crystal , and Labyrinth . During the later years of his life , he also founded the Jim Henson Foundation and Jim Henson 's Creature Shop . His involvement in two television programs -- The Storyteller and The Jim Henson Hour -- led to Emmy Award wins . Henson died of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome on May 16 , 1990 , at age 53 , twenty hours after experiencing a medical emergency -- an unexpected event that was widely lamented in the film and television industries . In the weeks after his death , he was celebrated in a wave of tributes . He was posthumously inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1991 , and as a Disney Legend in 2011 .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "The_Muppets_Studio", "score": 0.6537913084030151, "text": "The Muppets Studio , LLC , formerly The Muppets Holding Company , LLC , is a wholly owned entertainment subsidiary of Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media Labs , formed in 2004 through The Walt Disney Company 's acquisition of The Muppets and Bear in the Big Blue House assets from The Jim Henson Company .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "The_Muppets", "score": 0.6410521864891052, "text": "The Muppets are an ensemble cast of puppet characters known for their self-aware , burlesque , and meta-referential style of variety-sketch comedy . Created by Jim Henson in 1955 , they are the namesake for the Disney media franchise that encompasses feature films , television series , music recordings , theme park attractions , print publications , merchandising , and other media works associated with the characters . The Muppets debuted on the television program Sam and Friends , which aired from 1955 to 1961 . After appearing on skits in several late night talk shows and advertising commercials during the 1960s , the Muppets began appearing on Sesame Street in 1969 . The Muppets attained celebrity status and international recognition through their breakout roles in The Muppet Show ( 1976 -- 1981 ) , a primetime television series that garnered four Primetime Emmy Award wins and twenty-one nominations during its five-year run . In the late 1970s and into the 1980s , the Muppets diversified into theatrical feature films , including The Muppet Movie ( 1979 ) , The Great Muppet Caper ( 1981 ) , and The Muppets Take Manhattan ( 1984 ) . The Walt Disney Company began involvement with the Muppets in the late 1980s , seeking to acquire the characters from the Jim Henson Company . The Muppets continued their presence in television and film in the 1990s with The Jim Henson Hour ( 1989 ) , Muppets Tonight ( 1996 -- 98 ) -- a series continuation of The Muppet Show -- and three films , The Muppet Christmas Carol ( 1992 ) , Muppet Treasure Island ( 1996 ) , and Muppets from Space ( 1999 ) . Disney acquired the rights to the Muppets in 2004 , allowing the characters to gain broader public exposure than in previous years . Under Disney 's control , the Muppets enjoyed revitalized success , starring in two films -- The Muppets ( 2011 ) and Muppets Most Wanted ( 2014 ) -- as well as a short-lived primetime television series on ABC . Throughout their six decades of existence , the Muppets have been regarded as a staple of the entertainment industry and popular culture in the United States , receiving recognition from various cultural institutions and organizations , such as the American Film Institute , Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences , Library of Congress , and the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "The_Muppet_Christmas_Carol", "score": 0.632886528968811, "text": "The Muppet Christmas Carol is a 1992 American musical fantasy comedy-drama film and an adaptation of Charles Dickens 's 1843 novel A Christmas Carol . It is the fourth in a series of live-action musical films featuring The Muppets , with Michael Caine starring as Ebenezer Scrooge . Although it is a comedic film with contemporary songs , The Muppet Christmas Carol otherwise follows Dickens 's original story closely . The film was produced and directed by Brian Henson for Jim Henson Productions and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The Muppet Christmas Carol was dedicated to the memory of Muppets creator Jim Henson and fellow puppeteer Richard Hunt , who died during pre-production .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Jim_Henson's_Creature_Shop", "score": 0.6293973326683044, "text": "Jim Henson 's Creature Shop is a special/visual effects company founded in 1979 by puppeteer Jim Henson , creator of The Muppets . The company is based out of Hollywood , California , United States , and , previously , Camden Town in London , United Kingdom , where they still maintain some facilities .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "The_Great_Muppet_Caper", "score": 0.6113253235816956, "text": "The Great Muppet Caper is a 1981 British-American mystery musical comedy film directed by Jim Henson , marking his feature directorial . The film is about the Muppets who must travel to London , England to stop a jewel heist . It is the second of a series of live-action musical feature films , starring Jim Henson 's Muppets . The film was a British-American venture produced by Henson Associates and ITC Entertainment , and released by Universal Pictures on 26 June 1981 . It is also the only Muppet feature film directed by Henson . Shot in Great Britain in 1980 , the film was released shortly after the final season of The Muppet Show .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "The_Dark_Crystal_(video_game)", "score": 0.6085494756698608, "text": "The Dark Crystal is a graphic adventure computer game based on Jim Henson 's fantasy film , The Dark Crystal . The game was designed by Roberta Williams and published under the SierraVenture line in 1983 as Hi-Res Adventure # 6 : The Dark Crystal . It was the first Hi-Res Adventure released under the SierraVenture line , the previous titles being released under earlier names and later re-released under SierraVenture .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Drew_Massey", "score": 0.6058976054191589, "text": "Drew Massey is an American actor and puppeteer for the Jim Henson Company for the Muppets and has performed in many films , television series , and commercials . He also lends his voice for commercials and video games .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Jim_Henson_Television", "score": 0.60145103931427, "text": "Jim Henson Television is the television production arm of The Jim Henson Company . Jim Henson Television has developed many creative shows over the span of four decades . Some of the more notable television programs produced by the Henson organization include : Sesame Street - In 1969 , the creator of Sesame Street asked Jim Henson to be on the show to improve the creativity of the show . On the show , Jim Henson portrayed characters Guy Smiley and Ernie . However , his biggest work came when he created and portrayed Kermit the Frog . Kermit is an iconic character and still remains popular today . Jim Henson 's work on the show is one of the reasons why it is still popular today . The Muppet Show 1976 -- 1981 -- syndicated variety show . Due to Henson 's success on Sesame Street , he was able to give his creations more exposure and get them discovered . In 1974 , he created The muppet show which lead to other characters being created such as Rizzo the rat , Fozzie the bear , Ms piggy , Rowlf the dog . The show lasted for about nine years and the characters on the show still exist today . This show got a lot of popularity and the familiarity of Kermit the Frog to viewers helped the show . Guest stars even appeared on the show such as John Denver . Emmet Otter 's Jug-Band Christmas 1977 -- Christmas special produced for HBO Fraggle Rock 1983 -- 1987 -- Children 's musical television series produced for HBO This show was created by Jim Henson . It was a musical show that featured four types of characters : Doozers , Gorgs , Fraggles , and Silly creatures of outer space . Jim Henson 's Muppet Babies1984 -- 1991 -- Animated children 's television series Jim Henson 's Little Muppet Monsters1985 -- Animated/Live Action children 's television series The Tale of the Bunny Picnic 1986 -- Television special Jim Henson 's The Storyteller 1987 -- 1989 -- Anthology series produced for ITV and NBC . The Jim Henson Hour 1989 -- Variety show produced for NBC . Jim Henson 's The Storyteller : Greek Myths 1990 -- Anthology series . Dinosaurs 1991 -- 1994 -- Sitcom produced for ABC . Jim Henson 's Secret Life of Toys 1994 -- Limited-run series produced for the Disney Channel . The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss 1996 -- 1997 -- Live-action/puppet series produced for Nickelodeon Bear in the Big Blue House1997 -- 2006 -- Mixed live-action and animated series produced for the Disney Channel . this show was developed by Shadow Projects and the Jim Henson company that featured characters that would appeal to younger children . Brats of the Lost Nebula ( 1998 ) -- Computer Animated Series produced for Kids ' WB ! . Farscape 1999 -- 2003 -- A live-action science fiction series for Sci Fi Channel , which it co-produced with Hallmark Entertainment . 2004 -- A four-hour mini-series , Farscape : The Peacekeeper Wars for the Sci-Fi Channel . It 's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie 2002 -- Christmas movie featuring the Muppets Jack and the Beanstalk : The Real Story -- Mini-series Animal Jam -- 2003 -- live-action puppet dance party , airs on TLC and Discovery Kids .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Jim_Henson_Records", "score": 0.6005150675773621, "text": "Jim Henson Records was a short-lived music label made by The Jim Henson Company and BMG Kidz . It began in 1988 with the soundtrack for the film Kokomo . Despite the decreasing popularity of the Muppets following the death of Jim Henson , this record line kept the Muppets in the public 's eyes and included some now-rare albums . This line marked the CD debuts of songs from The Muppet Show , Fraggle Rock and the first two movies ( The Muppet Movie and The Great Muppet Caper ) . Henson and BMG released 2 CDs of key Muppet songs , they unearthed old recordings from 1984 featuring Jim Henson as Rowlf the Dog singing some classic songs ( Ol' Brown Ears is Back ) and a Muppet Beach Party CD featuring The Beach Boys songs . In the fall of 1994 , the last album released by Jim Henson Records was Kermit Unpigged . The album did not sell and Henson even sued BMG for not selling enough copies , thus ending the label .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "David_Holman", "score": 0.5999679565429688, "text": "David Holman is a former television producer and executive for over forty years , both in New York and Los Angeles . While working for Jim Henson and the Muppets he helped launch the original The Muppet Show in 1975 , and worked on that series , `` Sesame Street '' , `` Emmet Otter 's Jug-Band Christmas '' Special , and The Muppet Movie for six years . He later went on to produce and manage dozens of productions eventually working on several thousand individual shows from daytime soap operas , to primetime shows such as `` Mad About You '' , and late night shows such as The Dick Cavett Show . He won an Emmy Award for his work ABC Sports on the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games . Although semi-retired he is still developing screenplays .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Michael_K._Frith", "score": 0.5985733270645142, "text": "Michael Kingsbury Frith ( born 8 July 1941 ) is the former Executive Vice-President and Creative Director for Jim Henson Productions . His contributions to Muppet projects have been extensive and varied .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Jim_Henson_Company_Lot", "score": 0.5931969881057739, "text": "The Jim Henson Company Lot ( originally Charlie Chaplin Studios and formerly A&M Studios ) is a studio property located just south of the southeast corner of La Brea Avenue and Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood . It was built in 1917 by film star Charlie Chaplin . After being sold by Chaplin in 1953 , the property went through several changes in ownership and has served at various times as Kling Studios , the Red Skelton Studios , the shooting location for the Adventures of Superman and Perry Mason television series , and as the headquarters for A&M Records and The Jim Henson Company . In 1969 , it was designated as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Skellington_Productions", "score": 0.5897029042243958, "text": "Skellington Productions was a company that was a joint venture between Walt Disney Feature Animation and directors Henry Selick and Tim Burton . The company specialized in stop motion animation and made use of the art in its two films . Henry Selick and Tim Burton formed the company in 1986 as Selick/Burton Projects , where Tim Burton could direct episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents and Shelley Duvall 's Faerie Tale Theatre , while Henry Selick could focus on doing animation . After producing award-winning animation for MTV , Ritz , Pillsbury , and more , Tim Burton left to work on Beetlejuice ( 1988 ) , as a result , Selick renamed the studio to Selick Projects . In 1991 , Selick Projects provided the animation of the penguin musician Muppet character that gets sucked up into the VacuumMuppet in Muppet * Vision 3D . In September 1992 , Tim Burton returned to Selick 's studio , renamed it Skellington Productions , and sold it to Disney . The first film produced by Skellington Productions ( which gave the company its namesake ) , The Nightmare Before Christmas , was released theatrically in 1993 under Disney 's Touchstone Pictures banner to a positive reception and a successful box office , becoming a sleeper hit . Since 2006 , Nightmare has been released by Walt Disney Pictures and in Disney Digital 3-D format . The second and final film , James and the Giant Peach , released to theaters in 1996 . It was also met with positive reviews . Aside from film , Skellington Productions also worked on the KaBlam ! short , Life With Loopy in 1996 for the show 's first season . The show aired on Nickelodeon from 1996 to 2000 . Skellington Productions left after the first season .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "The_Muppet_Movie", "score": 0.5894448161125183, "text": "The Muppet Movie is a 1979 British-American musical road comedy film and the first theatrical film featuring the Muppets . Directed by James Frawley and produced by Jim Henson , the film 's screenplay was written by The Muppet Show writers Jerry Juhl and Jack Burns . An American and British venture produced by Henson Associates and ITC Entertainment between the first half and the second half of the third season of The Muppet Show , the film depicts Kermit the Frog as he embarks on a cross-country trip to Hollywood , California . Along the way , he encounters several of the Muppets -- who all share the same ambition of finding success in professional show business -- while being pursued by Doc Hopper , an evil restaurateur with intentions of employing Kermit as a spokesperson for his frog legs business . Notable for its surreal humour , meta-references and prolific use of cameos , The Muppet Movie was released in the United Kingdom on May 31 , 1979 and in the United States on June 22 , 1979 , and received critical praise ; including two Academy Award nominations for Paul Williams and Kenneth Ascher 's musical score and their song , `` The Rainbow Connection '' . In 2009 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "John_Henson_(puppeteer)", "score": 0.5879873633384705, "text": "John Paul Henson ( April 25 , 1965 -- February 14 , 2014 ) was an American puppeteer best known for his association with The Muppets .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "The_Muppets_(film)", "score": 0.5867118239402771, "text": "The Muppets is a 2011 American musical comedy film and the seventh theatrical film featuring the Muppets . The film is directed by James Bobin , written by Jason Segel and Nicholas Stoller , produced by David Hoberman and Todd Lieberman , and stars Segel , Amy Adams , Chris Cooper and Rashida Jones , as well as Muppet performers Steve Whitmire , Eric Jacobson , Dave Goelz , Bill Barretta , David Rudman , Matt Vogel , and Peter Linz . Bret McKenzie of comedy band Flight of the Conchords served as music supervisor , writing four of the film 's five original songs , and Christophe Beck composed the film 's score . In The Muppets , devoted fan Walter , his brother Gary , and Gary 's girlfriend Mary help Kermit the Frog reunite the Muppets , as they must raise $ 10 million to save the Muppet Theater from Tex Richman , a businessman who plans to demolish the studio to drill for oil . Walt Disney Pictures announced the film 's development in March 2008 , with Segel and Stoller writing the screenplay , and Mandeville Films co-producing the film . Bobin was hired to direct in January 2010 , and the film 's supporting cast was filled out in October of the same year , with the casting of Adams , Cooper , and Jones . Filming began in September 2010 and was completed entirely in Los Angeles . The film was the first theatrical Muppet production without the involvement of veteran Muppet performers Frank Oz and Jerry Nelson , although Nelson provides an uncredited vocal cameo . Instead , their characters are performed by Jacobson and Vogel , respectively , marking their theatrical feature film debut as those characters . The Muppets premiered at the Savannah Film Festival and was released theatrically in North America on November 23 , 2011 . The film was a critical and commercial success ; grossing $ 165 million worldwide and garnering praise for its humor , screenplay , and music . The film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for McKenzie 's `` Man or Muppet '' , as well as garnering BAFTA and Critic 's Choice Awards nominations . A sequel , Muppets Most Wanted , was released on March 21 , 2014 .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "List_of_Muppets", "score": 0.5861549377441406, "text": "The Muppets is a group of comedic puppet characters originally created by Jim Henson who have appeared in multiple television series , films , and other media appearances since the 1950s . The majority of the characters listed here originated on The Muppet Show , a television series that aired from 1976 to 1981 . Since then , several more characters have been introduced in other television series , as well as theatrical films . The first Muppet characters appeared in Sam and Friends , a Washington , D.C.-based show which was broadcast from 1955 to 1961 . Kermit the Frog was one of the show 's regulars , and thus was one of Henson 's first Muppet creations . The characters became a household name after their appearance in the children 's television program Sesame Street . Henson was initially reluctant to become involved with Sesame Street because he feared being pigeon-holed as a children 's performer , but agreed to work on the show to further his social goals . The characters created for that series are now owned by the Sesame Workshop , the producers of Sesame Street , and are now considered a separate franchise . These characters have been owned by The Walt Disney Company since 2004 when Disney acquired them from The Jim Henson Company and formed a division called The Muppets Studio to manage the franchise .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
64557
Slovenia uses the euro.
[ { "id": "Slovenia", "score": 0.7806547284126282, "text": "Slovenia ( -LSB- sloʊˈviːniə , _ slə - , _ - njə -RSB- ; Slovenija -LSB- slɔˈʋéːnija -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Slovenia ( Slovene : , abbr. : RS ) , is a nation state in southern Central Europe , located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , Hungary to the northeast , Croatia to the south and southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . It covers 20,273 km2 and has a population of 2.06 million . It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations , European Union , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana . The territory is mostly mountainous with a mainly continental climate , with the exception of the Slovene Littoral that has a sub-Mediterranean climate and the north-western area that has an Alpine climate . Additionally , the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia . The country , marked by a significant biological diversity , is one of the most water-rich in Europe , with a dense river network , a rich aquifer system , and significant karst underground watercourses . Over half of the territory is covered by forest . The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven . Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of South Slavic , Germanic , Romance , and Hungarian languages and culture . Although the population is not homogeneous , the majority is Slovene . South Slavic language Slovene is the official language throughout the country . Slovenia is a largely secularized country , but its culture and identity have been significantly influenced by Catholicism as well as Lutheranism . The economy of Slovenia is small , open , and export-oriented and has been strongly influenced by international conditions . It has been severely hurt by the Eurozone crisis , started in the late 2000s . The main economic field is services , followed by industry and construction . Historically , the current territory of Slovenia was part of many different state formations , including the Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire , followed by the Habsburg Monarchy . In October 1918 , the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs . In December 1918 , they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 ) . During World War II , Slovenia was occupied and annexed by Germany , Italy , and Hungary , with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia , a Nazi puppet state . Afterward , it was a founding member of the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia , later renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , a communist state which was the only country in the Eastern Bloc which was never part of the Warsaw Pact . In June 1991 , after the introduction of multi-party representative democracy , Slovenia split from Yugoslavia and became an independent country . In 2004 , it entered NATO and the European Union ; in 2007 became the first formerly communist country to join the Eurozone ; and in 2010 joined the OECD , a global association of high-income developed countries ." }, { "id": "Eurozone", "score": 0.7308334112167358, "text": "The eurozone , officially called the euro area , is a monetary union of 19 of the 28 European Union ( EU ) member states which have adopted the euro as their common currency and sole legal tender . The monetary authority of the eurozone is the Eurosystem . The other nine members of the European Union continue to use their own national currencies , although most of them are obliged to adopt the euro in future . The eurozone consists of Austria , Belgium , Cyprus , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , the Netherlands , Portugal , Slovakia , Slovenia , and Spain . Other EU states ( except for Denmark and the United Kingdom ) are obliged to join once they meet the criteria to do so . No state has left , and there are no provisions to do so or to be expelled . Andorra , Monaco , San Marino , and Vatican City have formal agreements with the EU to use the euro as their official currency and issue their own coins . Kosovo and Montenegro have adopted the euro unilaterally , but these countries do not officially form part of the eurozone and do not have representation in the European Central Bank ( ECB ) or in the Eurogroup . The ECB , which is governed by a president and a board of the heads of national central banks , sets the monetary policy of the zone . The principal task of the ECB is to keep inflation under control . Though there is no common representation , governance or fiscal policy for the currency union , some co-operation does take place through the Eurogroup , which makes political decisions regarding the eurozone and the euro . The Eurogroup is composed of the finance ministers of eurozone states , but in emergencies , national leaders also form the Eurogroup . Since the financial crisis of 2007 -- 08 , the eurozone has established and used provisions for granting emergency loans to member states in return for the enactment of economic reforms . The eurozone has also enacted some limited fiscal integration , for example in peer review of each other 's national budgets . The issue is political and in a state of flux in terms of what further provisions will be agreed for eurozone change ." } ]
[ { "id": "20_euro_note", "score": 0.7161080241203308, "text": "The twenty euro note ( $ 20 ) is the third-lowest value euro banknote and has been used since the introduction of the euro ( in its cash form ) in 2002 . The note is used in the 23 countries which have it as their sole currency ( with 22 legally adopting it ) ; with a population of about 332 million . It is the third-smallest note , measuring 133 x 72 mm with a blue colour scheme . The twenty euro banknotes depict bridges and arches/doorways in Gothic architecture ( between the 13th and 14th century CE ) . The twenty euro note contains several complex security features such as watermarks , invisible ink , holograms and microprinting that document its authenticity . In October 2011 , there were approximately 2,755,346,800 twenty euro banknotes in circulation around the eurozone . The full design of the Europa series 20 euro banknote was revealed on 24 February 2015 and launched on 25 November 2015 .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Slovenia", "score": 0.7160934209823608, "text": "The Republic of Slovenia has a system of orders and decorations ( Odlikovanja Republike Slovenije ) for citizens who do great deeds for , or on behalf of , the country .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Lithuania_and_the_euro", "score": 0.7139638662338257, "text": "Lithuania is an EU member state which joined the Eurozone by adopting the euro on 1 January 2015 . This made it the last of the three Baltic states to adopt the euro , after Estonia ( 2011 ) and Latvia ( 2014 ) . Before then , its currency , the litas , was pegged to the euro at 3.4528 litas to 1 euro .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Yugoslav_dinar", "score": 0.7136671543121338, "text": "The dinar ( Cyrillic script : динар ) was the currency of the three Yugoslav states : the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( formerly the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ) , the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1918 and 2003 . The dinar was subdivided into 100 para ( Cyrillic script : пара ) . In the early 1990s , there was severe and prolonged hyperinflation due to a combination of economic mismanagement and criminality . Massive amounts of money were printed ; coins became redundant ; inflation rates reached the equivalent of per year . The highest denomination banknote was 500 billion dinars ; it was worthless two weeks after it was printed . This hyperinflation caused five revaluations between 1990 and 1994 ; in total there were eight distinct dinari . Six of the eight have been given distinguishing names and separate ISO 4217 codes .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "100_euro_note", "score": 0.7126094698905945, "text": "The one hundred euro note ( $ 100 ) is one of the higher value euro banknotes and has been used since the introduction of the euro ( in its cash form ) in 2002 . The note is used daily by some 332 million Europeans and in the 23 countries which have it as their sole currency ( with 22 legally adopting it ) . It is the third largest note measuring 147 mm × 82 mm and has a green colour scheme . The hundred euro notes depict bridges and arches/doorways in the Baroque and Rococo style ( between the 17th and 18th century ) . The hundred euro note contains several complex security features such as watermarks , invisible ink , holograms and microprinting that document its authenticity . In May 2012 , there were approximately 1,652,287,100 hundred euro banknotes in circulation in the eurozone . The new banknotes of the Europa series 100 euro banknote will be issued at the beginning of 2019 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Currencies_of_the_European_Union", "score": 0.7121995687484741, "text": "There are eleven currencies of the European Union , the principal currency being the Euro . The Euro is used by the institutions of the European Union and by the Eurozone states , which account for 19 of the 28 member states of the European Union . All but two states are obliged to adopt the currency ; Denmark and the United Kingdom , through a legal opt-out from the EU treaties , have retained the right to operate independent currencies within the European Union . The remaining eight states must join the ERM II and attain the third stage and adopt the Euro eventually .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Vzemi_ali_pusti", "score": 0.7093014121055603, "text": "Vzemi ali pusti ( `` Take It or Leave It '' ) is the Slovenian version of Deal or No Deal , which is produced by POP TV . The show originally had a top prize of 15,000,000 tolarjev ( about US$ 82,000 ) , but it has changed to $ 70,000 ( about US$ 97,000 ) since Slovenia 's switch to the euro on New Year 's Day , 2007 .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Austrian_krone", "score": 0.7077418565750122, "text": "The Krone ( pl . Kronen ) was the currency of Austria ( then called Deutschösterreich ) and Liechtenstein after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire ( 1919 ) until the introduction of the Schilling ( 1925 ) and the Franken , respectively .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Euro_banknotes", "score": 0.7043260335922241, "text": "Banknotes of the euro , the currency of the Eurozone , have been in circulation since the first series was issued in 2002 . They are issued by the national central banks of the Eurosystem or the European Central Bank . In 1999 the euro was introduced virtually , and in 2002 notes and coins began to circulate . The euro rapidly took over from the former national currencies and slowly expanded around the European Union . Denominations of the notes range from $ 5 to $ 500 and , unlike euro coins , the design is identical across the whole of the Eurozone , although they are issued and printed in various member states . The euro banknotes are pure cotton fibre , which improves their durability as well as giving the banknotes a distinctive feel . They measure from 120 x to 160 x and have a variety of colour schemes . The euro notes contain many complex security features such as watermarks , invisible ink , holograms and microprinting that document their authenticity . While euro coins have a national side indicating the country of issue ( although not necessarily of minting ) , euro notes lack this . Instead , this information is shown by the first character of each note 's serial number . According to European Central Bank estimates , in August 2016 , there were approximately 19,417,000,000 banknotes in circulation around the Eurozone , worth approximately $ 1.1 trillion . On 8 November 2012 , the European Central Bank announced that the first series of notes would be replaced by the Europa series , starting with the 5 euro note on 2 May 2013 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Denmark_and_the_euro", "score": 0.7021464109420776, "text": "Denmark uses the krone as its currency and does not use the euro , having negotiated the right to opt-out from participation under the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 . In 2000 , the government held a referendum on introducing the euro , which was defeated with 46.8 % voting yes and 53.2 % voting no . The Danish krone is part of the ERM-II mechanism , so its exchange rate is tied to within 2.25 % of the euro . Most of the large political parties in Denmark favour the introduction of the euro and the idea of a second referendum has been suggested several times since 2000 . However , some important parties such as the Danish People 's Party , Socialist People 's Party and Red -- Green Alliance do not support joining the currency . Public opinion surveys have shown fluctuating support for the single currency with majorities in favour for some years after the physical introduction of the currency . However , following the financial crisis of 2008 , support began to fall , and in late 2011 , support for the euro crashed in light of the escalating European sovereign debt crisis . Denmark borders one eurozone member , Germany , and one EU member that is obliged to adopt the euro in the future , Sweden .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Czech_koruna", "score": 0.7002478837966919, "text": "The koruna ( sign : Kč ; code : CZK ) is the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993 , and in English it is sometimes referred to as Czech crown . The koruna is one of European Union 's 11 currencies , and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro currency in the future . The official name in Czech is koruna česká ( plural koruny české , though the zero-grade genitive plural form korun českých is used on banknotes and coins of value 5 Kč or higher ) . The ISO 4217 code is CZK and the local acronym is Kč , which is placed after the numeric value ( e.g. , `` 50 Kč '' ) . One koruna equals 100 haléřů ( abbreviated as `` h '' , singular : haléř , nominative plural : haléře , genitive plural : haléřů -- used with numbers higher or equal to 5 -- e.g. 3 haléře , 8 haléřů ) , but haléře have been withdrawn , and the smallest unit of currency is 1 Kč .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Slovak_euro_coins", "score": 0.6998744606971741, "text": "The Slovak euro coins are the European monetary union euro coins issued by Slovakia since 2009 . They feature three separate designs for the three series of coins . Slovakia has been a member of the European Union since May 2004 , and is a member of the European Economic and Monetary Union . Slovakia adopted the euro on 1 January 2009 , replacing its previous currency , the Slovak koruna .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "French_Guianan_franc", "score": 0.6991640329360962, "text": "The franc was the currency of French Guiana until 2002 . The French franc circulated alongside banknotes issued specifically for French Guyana between 1888 and 1961 and notes issued for French Guyana , Guadeloupe and Martinique ( collectively referred to as the French Antilles ) between 1961 and 1975 . As an integral part of France , French Guiana is part of the European Union and the Eurozone , and starting in 2002 , its currency is the euro .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Swiss_franc", "score": 0.6988246440887451, "text": "The franc ( sign : Fr . or SFr. ; Franken , French and Romansh : franc , franco code : CHF ) is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein ; it is also legal tender in the Italian exclave Campione d'Italia . The Swiss National Bank ( SNB ) issues banknotes and the federal mint Swissmint issues coins . The smaller denomination , a hundredth of a franc , is a Rappen ( Rp . ) in German , centime ( c. ) in French , centesimo ( ct. ) in Italian , and rap ( rp . ) in Romansh . The ISO code of the currency used by banks and financial institutions is CHF , although Fr . is also widely used by businesses and advertisers ; some use SFr . for Swiss Franc ; the Latinate `` CH '' stands for Confoederatio Helvetica . Given the different languages used in Switzerland , Latin is used for language-neutral inscriptions on the coins .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Sammarinese_lira", "score": 0.6988006234169006, "text": "The lira ( plural lire ) was the currency of San Marino from the 1860s until the introduction of the euro in 2002 . It was equivalent and pegged to the Italian lira . Italian coins and banknotes and Vatican City coins were legal tender in San Marino , while Sammarinese coins , minted in Rome , were legal tender throughout Italy , as well as in the Vatican City .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Italian_lira", "score": 0.6982232332229614, "text": "The lira ( -LSB- ˈliːra -RSB- ; plural lire -LSB- ˈliːre -RSB- ) was the currency of Italy between 1861 and 2002 and of the Albanian Kingdom between 1941 and 1943 . Between 1999 and 2002 , the Italian lira was officially a national subunit of the euro . However , cash payments could be made in lira only , as euro coins or notes were not yet available . The lira was also the currency of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy between 1807 and 1814 . The term originates from the value of a pound weight ( libra ) of high purity silver and as such is a direct cognate of the British pound sterling ; in some countries , such as Cyprus and Malta , the words lira and pound were used as equivalents , before the euro was adopted in 2008 in the two countries . `` L '' , sometimes in a double-crossed script form , was the symbol most often used . Until the Second World War , it was subdivided into 100 centesimi ( singular : centesimo ) , which translates to `` hundredths '' or `` cents '' . The lira was established at 4.5 grams of silver or 290.322 milligrams of gold . This was a direct continuation of the Sardinian lira . Other currencies replaced by the Italian lira included the Lombardy-Venetia pound , the Two Sicilies piastra , the Tuscan fiorino , the Papal States scudo and the Parman lira . In 1865 , Italy formed part of the Latin Monetary Union in which the lira was set as equal to , among others , the French , Belgian and Swiss francs : in fact , in various Gallo-Italic dialects in north-western Italy , the lira was outright called `` franc '' . This practice has obviously ended with the introduction of the euro in 2002 . World War I broke the Latin Monetary Union and resulted in prices rising severalfold in Italy . Inflation was curbed somewhat by Mussolini , who , on August 18 , 1926 , declared that the exchange rate between lira and pound would be # 1 = 90 lire -- the so-called Quota 90 , although the free exchange rate had been closer to 140 -- 150 lire per pound , causing a temporary deflation and widespread problems in the real economy . In 1927 , the lira was pegged to the U.S. dollar at a rate of 1 dollar = 19 lire . This rate lasted until 1934 , with a separate `` tourist '' rate of US$ 1 = 24.89 lire being established in 1936 . In 1939 , the `` official '' rate was 19.8 lire . After the Allied invasion of Italy , an exchange rate was set at US$ 1 = 120 lire ( 1 British pound = 480 lire ) in June 1943 , reduced to 100 lire the following month . In German occupied areas , the exchange rate was set at 1 Reichsmark = 10 lire . After the war , the value of the lira fluctuated , before Italy set a peg of US$ 1 = 575 lire within the Bretton Woods System in November 1947 . Following the devaluation of the pound , Italy devalued to US$ 1 = 625 lire on 21 September 1949 . This rate was maintained until the end of the Bretton Woods System in the early 1970s . Several episodes of high inflation followed until the lira was replaced by the euro . The lira was the official unit of currency in Italy until January 1 , 1999 , when it was replaced by the euro ( euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002 ) . Old lira denominated currency ceased to be legal tender on February 28 , 2002 . The conversion rate is 1,936.27 lire to the euro . All lira banknotes in use immediately before the introduction of the euro , as all post-World War II coins , were exchanged by the Bank of Italy up to 6 December 2011 . Originally Italy 's central bank pledged to redeem Italian coins and banknotes until 29 February 2012 , but this was brought forward to 6 December 2011 . Italy 's Constitutional Court has now declared the law that shortening the exchange period of Italian Lira unlawful . Currently , studies are being conducted by the Banca d'Italia and the Ministry of Economy and Finance to define the procedures for the conversion of Italian Lira into Euro . Announcement regarding the detail information will be published shortly", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Serbian_dinar", "score": 0.6976097226142883, "text": "The dinar ( sr. ( dinar ) ; -LSB- dînaːr -RSB- ; paucal : dinara / динара ) is the currency of Serbia . The earliest use of the dinar dates back to 1214 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Slovenian_passport", "score": 0.6952172517776489, "text": "Slovenian passports are issued to citizens of Slovenia to facilitate international travel . Every Slovenian citizen is also a citizen of the European Union . The passport , along with the national identity card allows for free rights of movement and residence in any of the states of the European Union and European Economic Area . According to the 2014 Visa Restricitions Index , Slovenian citizens can visit 160 countries without a visa or with a visa granted on arrival . Slovenian citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty . The Slovenian ID card is also valid for travel to other former Yugoslav republics : Bosnia and Herzegovina , Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Mexican_peso", "score": 0.6951301097869873, "text": "The Mexican peso ( sign : $ ; code : MXN ) is the currency of Mexico . Modern peso and dollar currencies have a common origin in the 15th -- 19th century Spanish dollar , most continuing to use its sign , `` $ '' . The Mexican peso is the 8th most traded currency in the world , the third most traded currency originating from the Americas ( after the United States dollar and Canadian dollar ) , and the most traded currency originating from Latin America . The current ISO 4217 code for the peso is MXN ; prior to the 1993 revaluation ( see below ) , the code MXP was used . The peso is subdivided into 100 centavos , represented by '' cents '' . As of May 20 , 2017 , the peso 's exchange rate was $ 20.97 per Euro and $ 18.71 per U.S. dollar .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Austrian_schilling", "score": 0.6949973702430725, "text": "The Schilling ( German : Österreichischer Schilling ) was the currency of Austria from 1925 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1999 , and the circulating currency until 2002 . The euro was introduced at a fixed parity of $ 1 = 13.7603 Schilling to replace it . The Schilling was divided into 100 Groschen .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
200996
Iowa is a part of the Midwestern United States.
[ { "id": "Midwestern_United_States", "score": 0.8194438815116882, "text": "The Midwestern United States , also referred to as the American Midwest or simply the Midwest , is one of the four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau , occupying the northern central part of the United States of America . It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984 . Although the region is often defined in a number of ways , the Census Bureau 's definition consists of 12 states in the north central United States : Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Nebraska , North Dakota , Ohio , South Dakota , and Wisconsin . Illinois is the most populous of the states and North Dakota the least . A 2012 report from the United States Census put the population of the Midwest at 65,377,684 . The Midwest is divided by the Census Bureau into two divisions . The East North Central Division includes Illinois , Indiana , Michigan , Ohio and Wisconsin , all of which are also part of the Great Lakes region . The West North Central Division includes Iowa , Kansas , Minnesota , Missouri , North Dakota , Nebraska , and South Dakota , several of which are located at least partly , within the Great Plains region . Major rivers in the region include , from east to west , the Ohio River , the Upper Mississippi River , and the Missouri River . The region generally lies on the broad Interior Plain between the states occupying the Appalachian Mountain range and the states occupying the Rocky Mountain range . Chicago is the most populated city in the American Midwest and the third most populous in the entire country . Other large Midwest cities include ( in order by population ) : Indianapolis , Columbus , Detroit , Milwaukee , Kansas City , Omaha , Minneapolis , Cleveland , Wichita and St. Louis . Chicago and its suburbs form the largest metropolitan statistical area with 9.8 million people , followed by Metro Detroit , Minneapolis -- St. Paul , Greater St. Louis , Greater Cleveland , Greater Cincinnati ( without the Kentucky portion ) , Kansas City metro area , and the Columbus metro area ." } ]
[ { "id": "Upper_Midwest", "score": 0.7671128511428833, "text": "The Upper Midwest , or the North , is a region in the northern portion of the U.S. Census Bureau 's Midwestern United States . It is largely a sub-region of the Midwest . Although there are no uniformly agreed-upon boundaries , the region is most commonly used to refer to the states of Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Michigan 's Upper Peninsula . By most definitions , it extends into North and South Dakota , Illinois , and Iowa .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "List_of_Iowa_railroads", "score": 0.7548984289169312, "text": "The following railroads operate in the U.S. state of Iowa .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Iowa_in_the_American_Civil_War", "score": 0.7542058825492859, "text": "The state of Iowa played a role during the American Civil War in providing food , supplies , and troops for the Union army , though its contributions were overshadowed by larger and more populated eastern states .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "History_of_Iowa", "score": 0.7434124946594238, "text": "Although Native Americans in the United States have resided in what is now Iowa for 13,000 years , the written history of Iowa begins with the proto-historic accounts of Native Americans by explorers such as Marquette and Joliet in the 1680s . Until the early 19th century Iowa was occupied exclusively by Indians and a few European traders , with loose political control by France and Spain . Iowa became part of the United States of America after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 , but uncontested U.S. control over what is now Iowa occurred only after the War of 1812 and after a series of treaties eliminated Indian claims on the state . Beginning in the 1830s Euro-American settlements appeared in the Iowa Territory , U.S. statehood was acquired in 1846 , and by 1860 almost the entire state was settled and farmed by Euro-Americans . Subsistence frontier farming was replaced by commodity farming after the construction of railroad networks in the 1850s and 1860s . Iowa contributed a disproportionate amount of young men to fight in the American Civil War . Afterwards they returned to help transform Iowa into an agricultural powerhouse , supplying food to the rest of the nation . The industrialization of agriculture and the emergence of centralized commodities markets in the late 19th and 20th centuries led to a shift towards larger farms and the decline of the small family farm ; this was exacerbated during the Great Depression . Industrial production became a larger part of the economy during World War II and the postwar economic boom . In the 1970s and 1980s a series of economic shocks , including the oil crisis , the 1980s farm crisis , and the Early 1980s recession led to the collapse of commodities prices , a decline in rural and state population , and rural flight . Iowa 's economy rebounded in the 1990s , emerging as a modern mixed economy dominated by industry , commerce , and finance , in which agriculture is a comparatively small component . Iowa 's population is now predominately urban and has been increasing since the 1990s at a faster rate than the U.S. as a whole , although rural flight continues to be a problem .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "The_Great_Plains_Ecoregion", "score": 0.7425720691680908, "text": "The Great plains is a region in mid-west United States .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_cities_in_Iowa", "score": 0.7418749928474426, "text": "Iowa is a state located in the Midwestern United States . As of 2010 , there are 947 incorporated cities in the U.S. state of Iowa . According to the 2010 United States Census , Iowa has 3,046,355 inhabitants and 55857.13 sqmi of land . Iowa is divided into 99 counties and has 947 cities . Every incorporated place in Iowa is called a `` city , '' regardless of population . Incorporated cities can choose one of six forms of municipal government , but most operate as mayor -- council . 490 of Iowa 's 947 cities -- slightly more than half -- have fewer than 500 residents . According to the 2010 Census , 1,950,256 of Iowa 's 3,046,355 residents lived in urban areas , accounting for 64.0 % of the population . The first city to incorporate was Farmington on January 11 , 1841 , while the most recent was Maharishi Vedic City on July 25 , 2001 . The largest city by population and by land area is Des Moines with 203,433 residents and 80.87 sqmi . The smallest cities by population are Beaconsfield and Le Roy , each with 15 residents . __ TOC __", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Midwest_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.7408226132392883, "text": "The Midwest or Midwestern United States is a region of the United States . Mid West or Midwest may also refer to : Airlines Air Midwest , based in the U.S. state of Kansas , subsidiary of Mesa , closed in 2008 Midwest Airlines , based in the U.S. state of Wisconsin , merged into Frontier Airlines in 2011 Midwest Airlines ( Egypt ) Music Midwesterners : The Hits , a greatest hits album by Hawthorne Heights Midwest hip hop , a form of hip hop music in the United States that developed and originated in Chicago Places Mid West region of Western Australia Mid-Western Region , Nepal Mid-Western Region , Nigeria Mid-West Region , Ireland Midwest , Wyoming , a community in the U.S. state of Wyoming Other Melissa Midwest , a pornographic actress", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Wisconsin", "score": 0.7382311224937439, "text": "Wisconsin ( -LSB- wᵻˈskɒnsᵻn -RSB- ) is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States , in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions . It is bordered by Minnesota to the west , Iowa to the southwest , Illinois to the south , Lake Michigan to the east , Michigan to the northeast , and Lake Superior to the north . Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous . The state capital is Madison , and its largest city is Milwaukee , which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan . The state is divided into 72 counties . Wisconsin 's geography is diverse , with the Northern Highland and Western Upland along with a part of the Central Plain occupying the western part of the state and lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan . Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline . Wisconsin is known as `` America 's Dairyland '' because it is one of the nation 's leading dairy producers , particularly famous for its cheese . Manufacturing , especially paper products , information technology ( IT ) , and tourism are also major contributors to the state 's economy .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "University_of_Iowa", "score": 0.7379103302955627, "text": "The University of Iowa ( also known as the UI , U of I , UIowa , or simply Iowa ) is a flagship public research university in Iowa City , Iowa . Founded in 1847 , Iowa is the oldest university in the state . The University of Iowa is organized into eleven colleges offering more than 200 areas of study and seven professional degrees . The Iowa campus spans 1,700 acres centered along the banks of the Iowa River and includes the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics , named one of `` America 's Best Hospitals '' for the 25th year in a row . The university was the original developer of the Master of Fine Arts degree and it operates the world-renowned Iowa Writers ' Workshop . Iowa has very high research activity , and is a member of several research coalitions , including the prestigious Association of American Universities , the Universities Research Association , and the Big Ten Academic Alliance . The Iowa alumni network exceeds 250,000 , and the university budgeted revenues and expenses of $ 3.513 billion for 2015 . The University of Iowa 's athletic teams , the Hawkeyes , compete in Division I of the NCAA and are members of the Big Ten Conference . The Hawkeyes field 24 varsity teams and have won 27 national championships .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Minnesota", "score": 0.7365900874137878, "text": "Minnesota ( -LSB- -LSB- ˌmɪnəˈso̞ɾɐ -RSB- help = no -RSB- ) is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States . Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11 , 1858 , created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory . The state has a large number of lakes , and is known by the slogan `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Its official motto is L'Étoile du Nord ( French : Star of the North ) . Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states ; nearly 60 percent of its residents live in the Minneapolis -- Saint Paul metropolitan area ( known as the `` Twin Cities '' ) , the center of transportation , business , industry , education , and government and home to an internationally known arts community . The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture ; deciduous forests in the southeast , now partially cleared , farmed and settled ; and the less populated North Woods , used for mining , forestry , and recreation . Minnesota is known for its progressive political orientation and its high rate of civic participation and voter turnout . Until European settlement , Minnesota was inhabited by the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe . During the 19th and early 20th centuries , a large number of European settlers entered the state who had mainly emigrated from Scandinavia and Germany . The state remains today a center of Scandinavian American and German American culture . In recent decades , immigration from Asia , the Horn of Africa , and Latin America has broadened its historic demographic and cultural composition . Minnesota 's standard of living index is among the highest in the United States , and the state is also among the best-educated and wealthiest in the nation .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_Iowa_locations_by_per_capita_income", "score": 0.7360088229179382, "text": "Iowa is the thirty-first richest state in the United States of America , with a per capita income of $ 19,674 ( 2000 ) .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Dubuque,_Iowa", "score": 0.7359061241149902, "text": "Dubuque -LSB- dəˈbjuːk -RSB- is the county seat of Dubuque County , Iowa , United States , located along the Mississippi River . In 2013 , its population was 58,253 , making it the tenth-largest city in the state This city lies at the junction of Iowa , Illinois , and Wisconsin , a region locally known as the Tri-State Area . It serves as the main commercial , industrial , educational , and cultural center for the area . Geographically , it is part of the Driftless Area , a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsinian Glaciation . It is one of the few large cities in Iowa with hills , and a tourist destination featuring the city 's unique architecture and river location . It is home to five institutions of higher education , making it a center for culture and learning . Dubuque has long been a center of manufacturing , but the economy grew rapidly and diversified to other areas in the first years of the 21st Century . By 2005 , the city led the state and the Midwest in job growth , ranking as the 22nd fastest-growing economy in the US . Alongside industry , the city has large health care , education , tourism , publishing , and financial service sectors .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Geography_of_Minnesota", "score": 0.7348179817199707, "text": "Minnesota is the most northern state outside of Alaska ; its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods is the only part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th parallel . Minnesota is in the U.S. region known as the Upper Midwest . The state shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and Wisconsin on the northeast ; the remainder of the eastern border is with Wisconsin . Iowa is to the south , North Dakota and South Dakota are west , and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba are north . With 87,014 sqmi , or approximately 2.26 % of the United States , Minnesota is the 12th largest state .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Kansas", "score": 0.733173668384552, "text": "Kansas -LSB- ˈkænzəs -RSB- is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States . Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita . Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe , which inhabited the area . The tribe 's name ( natively kką : ze ) is often said to mean `` people of the ( south ) wind '' although this was probably not the term 's original meaning . For thousands of years , what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes . Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys . Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison . Kansas was first settled by European Americans in 1812 , in what is now Bonner Springs , Kansas , but the pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s , in the midst of political wars over the slavery issue . When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the Kansas -- Nebraska Act , abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state . Thus , the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided , and was known as Bleeding Kansas . The abolitionists prevailed , and on January 29 , 1861 , Kansas entered the Union as a free state . After the Civil War , the population of Kansas grew rapidly when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland . By 2015 , Kansas was one of the most productive agricultural states , producing high yields of wheat , corn , sorghum , and soybeans . Kansas , which has an area of 82,278 sqmi is the 15th-largest state by area and is the 34th most-populous of the 50 states with a population of 2,911,641 . Residents of Kansas are called Kansans . Mount Sunflower is Kansas 's highest point at 4,041 ft.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Iowa_people", "score": 0.731772780418396, "text": "The Iowa or Ioway , known as the Báxoǰe in their own language , are a Native American Siouan people . Today , they are enrolled in either of two federally recognized tribes , the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma and the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska . The Iowa , Missouria , and Otoe tribes were all once part of the Ho-Chunk people . They are all Chiwere language-speaking peoples . They left their ancestral homelands in Southern Wisconsin for Eastern Iowa , a state that bears their name . In 1837 , the Iowa were moved from Iowa to reservations in Brown County , Kansas , and Richardson County , Nebraska . Bands of Iowa moved to Indian Territory in the late 19th century and settled south of Perkins , Oklahoma to become the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Cedar_Rapids,_Iowa", "score": 0.7317211031913757, "text": "Cedar Rapids -LSB- ˈsiːdər_ˈræpᵻdz -RSB- is the second largest city in Iowa and is the county seat of Linn County . The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River , 20 mi north of Iowa City and 100 mi northeast of Des Moines , the state 's capital and largest city . It is a part of the Cedar Rapids/Iowa City Corridor of Linn , Benton , Cedar , Jones , Johnson , and Washington counties . Until massive flooding in 2008 , the city 's government was headquartered in the Veterans Memorial Building , near the Linn County Courthouse and jail on Mays Island in the Cedar River ; Cedar Rapids was one of a few cities in the world , along with Paris , France , with governmental offices on a municipal island . A flourishing center for arts and culture in Eastern Iowa , the city is home to the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art , the National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library , the Paramount Theatre , Orchestra Iowa , Theatre Cedar Rapids , the African-American Historical Museum and Cultural Center of Iowa , the Iowa Cultural Corridor Alliance . Cedar Rapids is an economic hub of the state , located in the core of the Interstate 380 . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city population was 126,326 . The estimated population of the three-county Metropolitan Statistical Area , which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha , was 255,452 in 2008 . Cedar Rapids has been residence to famous figures for the United States , including American Gothic painter Grant Wood , journalist and historian William L. Shirer , writer and photographer Carl Van Vechten , and aerodynamics pioneer Dr. Alexander Lippisch . In the 1990s and 2000s , Hollywood would feature several Cedar Rapidians including actors Bobby Driscoll , Ashton Kutcher , Elijah Wood , and Ron Livingston . The area has also produced a number of professional athletes such as Landon Cassill , Ryan Sweeney , Trent Green , Zach Johnson , and Kurt Warner , as well as Mark Walter , co-owner and chairman of baseball 's Los Angeles Dodgers . The city is also the setting for the musical The Pajama Game and the comedy film Cedar Rapids . Cedar Rapids is nicknamed the `` City of Five Seasons '' , for the `` fifth season '' , which is time to enjoy the other four . The symbol of the five seasons is the Tree of Five Seasons sculpture in downtown along the north river bank . The name `` Five Seasons '' and representations of the sculpture appear throughout the city in many forms .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "West_North_Central_States", "score": 0.7315820455551147, "text": "The West North Central States form one of the nine geographic divisions within the United States that are officially recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau . Seven states compose the division : Iowa , Kansas , Minnesota , Missouri , Nebraska , North Dakota and South Dakota , and it makes up the western half of the United States Census Bureau 's larger region of the Midwest , the eastern half of which consists of the East North Central States of Illinois , Indiana , Michigan , Ohio and Wisconsin . The Mississippi River marks the bulk of the boundary between these two divisions . Where the East North Central States are seen as being synonymous ( though not absolutely coterminous ) with the Rust Belt by the vast majority of Americans , the West North Central States are regarded as constituting the core of the nation 's `` Farm Belt . '' Another name popularly applied to the division is the `` Agricultural Heartland , '' or simply the `` Heartland . '' Since the early 1990s , the West North Central division has consistently had the lowest unemployment rate in the United States ( especially in its many college towns ) , and has also been noted for its plentiful supply of affordable housing . As of 2010 , the West North Central States had a combined population of 20,505,437 . This number is a 6.6 % increase from 19,237,739 in 2000 . The West North Central region covers 507913 sqmi of land , and has an average population density of 40.37 people per square mile .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Des_Moines_metropolitan_area", "score": 0.7302052974700928, "text": "The Des Moines metropolitan area , officially known as the Des Moines-West Des Moines , IA Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) , consists of five counties in central Iowa , United States : Polk , Dallas , Warren , Madison , and Guthrie . The 2010 census population of these counties was 569,633 , and the 2014 estimated population was 611,549 . Three additional counties , Boone , Jasper , and Story , are part of the Des Moines-Ames-West Des Moines Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) . The area encompasses the separate metropolitan area of Ames ( Story County ) , and the separate micropolitan areas of Boone , ( Boone County ) , and Newton ( Jasper County ) . The total population of the CSA was 722,323 in the 2010 census and 742,936 based on 2012 estimates .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Crime_in_Iowa", "score": 0.7269555926322937, "text": "This article refers to crime in the U.S. state of Iowa .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Iowa", "score": 0.725497841835022, "text": "Iowa was admitted to the Union on December 28 , 1846 . Its current Senators are Republicans Charles Grassley , who has served since 1981 , and Joni Ernst , who has served since 2015 .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
206132
Saratoga is an American film from 1937.
[ { "id": "Saratoga_(film)", "score": 0.7926894426345825, "text": "Saratoga is a 1937 American romantic comedy film written by Anita Loos and directed by Jack Conway . The film stars Clark Gable and Jean Harlow in their sixth and final film collaboration , and features Lionel Barrymore , Frank Morgan , Walter Pidgeon , Hattie McDaniel , and Margaret Hamilton . Jean Harlow died before filming was finished , and it was completed using stand-ins . Saratoga was MGM 's biggest moneymaker of 1937 ." } ]
[ { "id": "1937_in_film", "score": 0.6535260677337646, "text": "The year 1937 in film involved some significant events , including the Walt Disney production of the first American full-length animated film , Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Saratoga,_New_York", "score": 0.6418730020523071, "text": "Saratoga is a town in Saratoga County , New York , United States . The population was 5,141 at the 2000 census . It is also the commonly used , but not official , name for the neighboring and much more populous city , Saratoga Springs . The major village in the town of Saratoga is Schuylerville which is often , but not officially , called Old Saratoga . Saratoga contains a second village named Victory . Saratoga is a corruption of a Native American word from the Mohawk language . It was the name of Indian hunting grounds located along both sides of the Hudson River . According to unnamed sources , it derives from ` Se-rach-ta-gue ' meaning ` the hillside country of the quiet river ' ; however , according to Mithun , it is derived from sharató : ken , which means `` where you get a blister on your heels . '' Saratoga is located on the eastern border of the county and is located east of Saratoga Springs , and is bordered by Saratoga Lake and the Hudson River . The town sends students to Saratoga Springs City School District , Schuylerville Central School District , and Stillwater Central School District .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Saratoga", "score": 0.6319324970245361, "text": "Saratoga may refer to :", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Saratoga_(musical)", "score": 0.6263872385025024, "text": "Saratoga is a musical with a book by Morton DaCosta , lyrics by Johnny Mercer , and music by Harold Arlen . Based on Edna Ferber 's sprawling novel Saratoga Trunk , it focuses on Clio Dulaine , an `` illegitimate '' Creole woman who seeks revenge on the New Orleans family who exiled her mother when she became impregnated by their son . Posing as a countess raised in France , she joins forces with Montana cowboy Clint Maroon , whose family 's property was appropriated by railroad tycoon Bart Van Steed . Clint persuades Clio to seduce Bart into proposing marriage , but the conspirators soon find themselves falling in love while scheming to settle old scores . The success of the musical adaptation of Ferber 's Show Boat convinced her lightning could strike twice . She first approached Rodgers and Hammerstein with her proposal , and when they opted to write Pipe Dream instead , she turned to Lerner and Loewe , who agreed to compose the score but lost interest after My Fair Lady opened . DaCosta wrote a first draft of the book , which Ferber disliked , and when her offer to adapt the book herself was declined , she backed out of the project . The bulk of the financing was provided by NBC and RCA Victor , which released the original cast recording . Rock Hudson and Jeanmaire originally were announced as the leads , but ultimately neither participated in the show . The Broadway production , directed by DaCosta and choreographed by Ralph Beaumont , opened on December 7 , 1959 at the Winter Garden Theatre , where it ran for 80 performances . The cast included Carol Lawrence as Clio , Howard Keel as Clint , and Warde Donovan as Bart , with Virginia Capers , Odette Myrtil , Carol Brice , and Edith King in supporting roles . Critics were impressed by the elaborate sets ( which included a turntable and fifteen different locales ) and the more than two hundred costumes created by Cecil Beaton , who won the Tony Award for Best Costume Design and was nominated for Best Scenic Design . The leads drew good notices , but most agreed that DaCosta 's book and direction resulted in a slow-moving , uninvolving production . The main characters were unlikeable , their romance dull , and too many peripheral characters wandered in and out of the action . Show Boat , with its riverboat setting , had been a natural for musical adaptation , and whereas Oscar Hammerstein II and Jerome Kern had succeeded in compressing the epic into a lively stage production , the creative team behind Saratoga was unable to wring much excitement from a romantic relationship stemming primarily from a mutual desire for vengeance .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Chrysler_Saratoga", "score": 0.624628484249115, "text": "The Chrysler Saratoga is an automobile built by Chrysler . Chrysler used the Saratoga nameplate from 1939 to 1952 and from 1957 to 1960 in the U.S. market , in Canada through 1965 , and in Europe from 1989 to 1995 . It was named for Saratoga County , New York , an affluent region that included the Saratoga Springs .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Walter_Wanger's_Vogues_of_1938", "score": 0.6154173016548157, "text": "Walter Wanger 's Vogues of 1938 ( also known by its shortened form , Vogues of 1938 ) is a 1937 musical comedy film produced by Walter Wanger and distributed by United Artists . It was directed by Irving Cummings , written by Bella Spewack and Sam Spewack , and starred Warner Baxter and Joan Bennett . It was filmed in New York City in Technicolor . It tells the story of a successful fashion designer , beset at home by his shrewish wife and at work by his competitors , whose life becomes even more complicated when one of his customers , a bride-to-be , jilts her wealthy husband and comes to him looking for a job -- and possibly romance . It was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Art Direction ( Alexander Toluboff ) , and Best Music , Original Song ( Sammy Fain ( music ) and Lew Brown ( lyrics ) ) for the song That Old Feeling .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)", "score": 0.6102100014686584, "text": "USS Saratoga ( CV-3 ) was a built for the United States Navy during the 1920s . Originally designed as a battlecruiser , she was converted into one of the Navy 's first aircraft carriers during construction to comply with the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 . The ship entered service in 1928 and was assigned to the Pacific Fleet for her entire career . Saratoga and her sister ship , , were used to develop and refine carrier tactics in a series of annual exercises before World War II . On more than one occasion these included successful surprise attacks on Pearl Harbor , Hawaii . She was one of three prewar US fleet aircraft carriers , along with and , to serve throughout World War II . Shortly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor , Saratoga was the centerpiece of the unsuccessful American effort to relieve Wake Island and was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine a few weeks later . After lengthy repairs , the ship supported forces participating in the Guadalcanal Campaign and her aircraft sank the light carrier during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in August 1942 . She was again torpedoed the following month and returned to the Solomon Islands area after repairs were completed . In 1943 , Saratoga supported Allied forces involved in the New Georgia Campaign and invasion of Bougainville in the northern Solomon Islands and her aircraft twice attacked the Japanese base at Rabaul in November . Early in 1944 , her aircraft provided air support during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands Campaign before she was transferred to the Indian Ocean for several months to support the British Eastern Fleet as it attacked targets in Java and Sumatra . After a brief refit in mid-1944 , the ship became a training ship for the rest of the year . In early 1945 , Saratoga participated in the Battle of Iwo Jima as a dedicated night fighter carrier . Several days into the battle , she was badly damaged by kamikaze hits and was forced to return to the United States for repairs . While under repair , the ship , now increasingly obsolete , was permanently modified as a training carrier with some of her hangar deck converted into classrooms . Saratoga remained in this role for the rest of the war and was then used to ferry troops back to the United States after the Japanese surrender in August . In mid-1946 , the ship was a target for nuclear weapon tests during Operation Crossroads . She survived the first test with little damage , but was sunk by the second test .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "1937_in_jazz", "score": 0.6066693067550659, "text": "This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1937 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_Italian_films_of_1937", "score": 0.6056054830551147, "text": "A list of films produced in Italy in 1937 ( see 1937 in film ) :", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "1937_Major_League_Baseball_season", "score": 0.6036857962608337, "text": "The 1937 Major League Baseball season .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Saratoga_Special_Stakes", "score": 0.6017818450927734, "text": "The Saratoga Special Stakes is an American grade II thoroughbred horse race run annually in mid-August at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs , New York . The race is for two-year-olds willing to race six and a half furlongs on the dirt . With its first run in 1901 , the Saratoga Special was a winner-take-all race until 1959 when it became a standard stakes race . The race was held at Belmont Park on the Widener Course in 1943 , 1944 , and 1945 . There was no race in 1911 and 1912 due to the New York State legislated ban on parimutuel betting that led to the closure of all New York racetracks . There was also no race held in 2004 . Since inception it has been contested at various distances : 5.5 furlongs : 1901-1906 6 furlongs : 1907-1993 , 2005 furlongs : 1994-2003 , 2006 to present Only four horses have ever won all three Saratoga Racecourse events for two-year-olds . Regret ( 1914 ) , Campfire ( 1916 ) , Dehere ( 1993 ) , and City Zip ( 2000 ) each swept the Saratoga Special , Sanford Stakes and Hopeful Stakes .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "1937_in_Mongolia", "score": 0.6002857685089111, "text": "Events in the year 1937 in Mongolia .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Saratoga_National_Historical_Park", "score": 0.597997784614563, "text": "Saratoga National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located in the Town of Stillwater in eastern New York , 40 mi north of Albany . The park preserves the site of the Battles of Saratoga .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Saratoga_Trunk", "score": 0.5977728366851807, "text": "Saratoga Trunk is a 1945 American romantic drama film directed by Sam Wood and starring Gary Cooper , Ingrid Bergman , and Flora Robson . Written by Casey Robinson , and based on the novel Saratoga Trunk by Edna Ferber , the film is about a Texas gambler and a Creole daughter of an aristocratic family who work together to seek justice from a society that has rejected them .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_Soviet_films_of_1937", "score": 0.5953456163406372, "text": "A list of films produced in the Soviet Union in 1937 ( see 1937 in film ) .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "1937_in_science_fiction", "score": 0.5946229100227356, "text": "The year 1937 was marked , in science fiction , by the following events .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "1937_Kentucky_Derby", "score": 0.5946189165115356, "text": "The 1937 Kentucky Derby was the 63rd running of the Kentucky Derby . The race took place on May 8 , 1937 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Saratoga,_Wyoming", "score": 0.5930395126342773, "text": "Saratoga is a town in Carbon County , Wyoming , United States . The population was 1,690 at the 2010 census . Saratoga is the home of the Steinley Cup microbrew competition , usually held in August at Veterans Island Park , a playground and picnic facility located on a small island in the North Platte River . There is also a public pool heated by a hot spring located in Saratoga . Saratoga is one of many western communities economically devastated by consolidation , automation and the changing business practices of multinational timber companies . The town 's two largest employers now are the United States Forest Service and Carbon County School District No. 2 , both public sector employers . The town 's motto is , `` Where The Trout Leap In Main Street . '' The local newspaper is the Saratoga Sun .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Miss_America_1937", "score": 0.590736448764801, "text": "Miss America 1937 , the 11th Miss America pageant , was held at the Steel Pier in Atlantic City , New Jersey on September 11 , 1937 . Shortly after being presented as Miss America , the newly crowned 17-year-old winner , Bette Cooper , left Atlantic City and returned home . Once there , she missed scheduled appointments on her first day as Miss America , as well as a theater appearance and a trip to Hollywood . Her father cited illness as the reason . Though not placing in the top five , representatives from different areas of New York captured three of the semi-finalist positions .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Saratoga,_North_Carolina", "score": 0.5906932950019836, "text": "Saratoga is a town in Wilson County , North Carolina , United States . The population was 408 at the 2010 census .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
215831
J. Howard Marshall was a baby.
[ { "id": "Infant", "score": 0.5709208250045776, "text": "An infant ( from the Latin word infans , meaning `` unable to speak '' or `` speechless '' ) is the more formal or specialised synonym for `` baby '' , the very young offspring of a human or other animal . A newborn is , in colloquial use , an infant who is only hours , days , or up to one month old . In medical contexts , newborn or neonate ( from Latin , neonatus , newborn ) refers to an infant in the first 28 days after birth ; the term applies to premature , full term , and postmature infants ; before birth , the term `` fetus '' is used . The term `` infant '' is typically applied to young children between one month and one year of age ; however , definitions may vary and may include children up to two years of age . When a human child learns to walk , the term `` toddler '' may be used instead . In British English , `` infant '' is a term that can be applied to school children aged between four and seven . As a legal term , `` infancy '' continues from birth until age 18 ." }, { "id": "J._Howard_Marshall", "score": 0.5878333449363708, "text": "James Howard Marshall II ( January 24 , 1905 -- August 4 , 1995 ) was an American businessman , academic , attorney , and government official . His life spanned nine decades and almost the entire history of the oil industry , from the early years when uncontrolled production depleted valuable fields and natural gas was burned at the well head , to the decades of energy shortages and the Arab Oil Embargo . Marshall was married to Anna Nicole Smith during the last 14 months of his life . His estate became the subject of protracted litigation which was reviewed by the Supreme Court in Marshall v. Marshall and Stern v. Marshall ." } ]
[ { "id": "Torrance_Marshall", "score": 0.5503182411193848, "text": "Torrance James Marshall ( born June 12 , 1977 ) is a former professional American football player . He played high school football at Miami Sunset Senior High . He played college football at the University of Oklahoma and was the MVP of the 2001 Orange Bowl . In the past , he has played in the National Football League , primarily as a linebacker for the Green Bay Packers . He is the nephew of former NFL player Harvey Clayton .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Baby_farming", "score": 0.5501535534858704, "text": "Baby farming refers to the historical practice of accepting custody of an infant or child in exchange for payment in late-Victorian Era Britain and , less commonly , in Australia and the United States . If the infant was young , this usually included wet-nursing ( breast-feeding by a woman not the mother ) . Some baby farmers `` adopted '' children for lump-sum payments , while others cared for infants for periodic payments .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Baby_Train", "score": 0.549917459487915, "text": "For the movement of orphans to the west in the late 19th century , see Orphan Train and Catholic sisters and nuns in the United States #Baby trains . The Baby Train is a popular urban legend , told in the United States , United Kingdom and Australia . According to the rumor , a certain small town had an unusually high birth rate . It seems that a freight train would pass through the town at 5:00 am and blow its whistle , waking up all the residents . Since it was too late to go back to sleep and too early to get up , couples would find other ways to amuse themselves in bed . This resulted in the mini-baby boom . The story is related to the rumor that birth rates spiked nine months after the Northeast Blackout of 1965 , the September 11 , 2001 terrorist attacks , and certain natural disasters and similar events . Folklorist Jan Harold Brunvand published a book The Baby Train & Other Lusty Urban Legends in 1993 . The Baby Train was Brunvand 's fifth in a series of books that set out to document , and occasionally debunk , urban legends such as `` Cactus and Spiders , '' `` The Slasher Under the Car , '' and `` Car Theft during Earth Quake , '' along with the `` Baby Train . '' Many of the stories were collected from readers of Brunvand 's syndicated newspaper column , Urban Legend . Like Brunvand 's previous urban legend books , stories in The Baby Train are divided into common themes : automobiles , animals , horror , accidents , sex and scandals , crime , business and professional , government , celebrity rumors , and academic legends .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Benjamin_Spock", "score": 0.5498663783073425, "text": "Benjamin McLane Spock ( May 2 , 1903 -- March 15 , 1998 ) was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care ( 1946 ) is one of the best-sellers of all time . The book 's premise to mothers is that `` you know more than you think you do . '' Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis to try to understand children 's needs and family dynamics . His ideas about childcare influenced several generations of parents to be more flexible and affectionate with their children , and to treat them as individuals . However , they were also widely criticized by colleagues for relying too heavily on anecdotal evidence rather than serious academic research . Spock was an activist in the New Left and anti Vietnam War movements during the 1960s and early 1970s . At the time , his books were criticized for propagating permissiveness and an expectation of instant gratification which allegedly led young people to join these movements -- a charge that Spock denied . Spock also won an Olympic gold medal in rowing in 1924 while attending Yale University .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Everett_Marshall", "score": 0.5498334765434265, "text": "Everett Marshall ( November 4 , 1905 - February 10 , 1973 ) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for his work in the late 1930s with what is now National Wrestling Alliance . His ring name was the Blonde Bear .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Brett_Halsey", "score": 0.5497499704360962, "text": "Brett Halsey ( born Charles Oliver Hand on June 20 , 1933 in Santa Ana , California ) is an American film actor , sometimes credited as Montgomery Ford . He had a prolific career in B pictures and in European-made feature films . He originated the role of John Abbott on the soap opera The Young and the Restless , a role he filled only from May 1980 to March 1981 , when he was replaced by Jerry Douglas . Halsey is a great-nephew of the United States Navy Admiral William F. Halsey , Jr. , a.k.a. Bull Halsey , commander of the Pacific Allied naval forces during World War II . Universal Pictures selected Brett Halsey 's acting name from the admiral .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Marshall_Latham_Bond", "score": 0.5495761632919312, "text": "Marshall Latham Bond was one of two brothers who were Jack London 's landlords and among his employers during the autumn of 1897 and the spring of 1898 during the Klondike Gold Rush . They were the owners of the dog that Jack London fictionalized as Buck . Marshall Latham Bond was born at Mayhurst Plantation in Orange , Virginia in March 1867 and died in Seattle , Washington in 1941 . He was the son of Judge Hiram Bond and Laura Ann Higgins . Marshall Bond was a cowboy , mining engineer , stockbroker , real estate broker and outdoor guide .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "A_Rose_and_a_Baby_Ruth", "score": 0.5493730902671814, "text": "`` A Rose and a Baby Ruth '' is a song written by John D. Loudermilk . The song was published in 1956 . The best-known version was recorded by George Hamilton IV , who sang it almost a cappella . The song reached number 6 on the Billboard magazine pop chart . `` A Rose and a Baby Ruth '' showed regional appeal in country music , foreshadowing Hamilton 's highly successful career , in the 1960s .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Marshall_Farms", "score": 0.5492202043533325, "text": "Marshall Farms , based in North Rose , New York , is a commercial breeder of dogs and ferrets for pets and scientific research . Marshall Pet Products , a division of Marshall Farms founded in 1993 , sells a wide range of food , toys , and other accessories for ferrets and rabbits . Founded in 1939 by Gilman Marshall , the company is currently the largest ferret breeder in the United States . Ferrets from Marshall are commonly seen in pet shops across the United States , Canada , and ( increasingly ) Japan ; they are also used in biomedicine laboratories , particularly in the fields of viral and parasitic diseases , cardiovascular and behavioral research , and reproductive endocrinology . Pet ferrets originating from Marshall Farms usually have two small dots tattooed in the right ear , though this practice is not exclusive to Marshall . One dot indicates that the ferret has been spayed or neutered ; two indicate that its anal scent glands have also been surgically removed . Animal rights groups such as PETA have attacked Marshall in the past for breeding animals for scientific and medical research . The firm was the subject of an Animal Liberation Front raid in 2001 , in which it was claimed that 10 ferrets and 30 beagles were removed from the complex .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Linda_Marshall", "score": 0.549160897731781, "text": "Linda Marshall is an American actress . She started her television career in the 1963 situation comedy My Three Sons , and in 1965 appeared in her first movie , The Girls on the Beach . Marshall was born in Wichita , Kansas , graduated from Wichita East High School , and attended Colorado State College , ( now called University of Northern Colorado ) in Greeley , Colorado . Her interest in acting developed at Little Theatre of the Rockies and the Oregon Shakespeare Festival . In 1968 she attended the Palermo Conference in the Mediterranean of the Bahá ' í Faith and then volunteered some time as a guide at the Bahá ' í World Center . Then she traveled later in 1968 into 1969 to many locations in the US speaking about her religion . She toured in Europe for the religion in 1970 and continued to do so back in the United States in 1971 , when she was also on the program of a conference on the religion in the Caribbean . In 1972 she appeared in a movie about the religion .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Herbert_Barrie", "score": 0.5491260886192322, "text": "Herbert Barrie ( 9 October 1927 -- 20 March 2017 ) , born Herbert Bihari , was a paediatrician who developed new techniques for the resuscitation of premature babies .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "John_Marshall_(cartoonist)", "score": 0.548968493938446, "text": "John Marshall is an American cartoonist , best known as the artist of the Blondie comic strip since 2005 . He works closely with scripter Dean Young , son of the strip 's creator , Chic Young . Born in Waverly , New York , John Marshall took an interest in cartooning at an early age . He was bored during the summer between the fourth and fifth grades and began drawing Peanuts characters on brown paper bags . When he was 14 , his career as a cartoonist was jump-started by his grandmother who urged him to send cartoons to Parade . On his first try , Parade bought one . Marshall recalled , `` It 's tough peaking in the tenth grade . '' This was followed by a sale to The Saturday Evening Post . Graduating in 1976 from Ringling School of Art and Design in Sarasota , Florida , Marshall began as an art director at a Binghamton , New York , advertising agency , eventually making the leap as a freelance illustrator , with a client list that included General Electric , IBM and Golf Digest .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Quentin_Breese", "score": 0.5489383339881897, "text": "Quentin Terrance `` Baby '' Breese was born July 8 , 1918 in Leonardville , Kansas and died in San Diego , California on August 21 , 1962 . He was a professional boxer .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "John_Howard_Davies", "score": 0.5488524436950684, "text": "John Howard Davies ( 9 March 193922 August 2011 ) was an English child actor who later became a television director and producer .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Betty_Bolton", "score": 0.5488335490226746, "text": "Betty Bolton ( 7 January 1906 -- 2 April 2005 ) was a British actress , beginning as a child star during World War I and continuing her career in the 1920s and 1930s . She was one of the first performers to appear on early British television .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Mother_and_Baby", "score": 0.5487317442893982, "text": "Mother and Baby is a British television series which aired on the BBC during 1951 . The series followed the first twelve weeks of life of a baby named David Malcolm Suckling . It aired fortnightly for six episodes aired in a 20-minute time-slot .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Sudden_infant_death_syndrome", "score": 0.5486611723899841, "text": "Sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS ) , also known as cot death or crib death , is the sudden unexplained death of a child less than one year of age . Diagnosis requires that the death remains unexplained even after a thorough autopsy and detailed death scene investigation . SIDS usually occurs during sleep . Typically death occurs between the hours of 00:00 and 09:00 . There is usually no evidence of struggle and no noise produced . The exact cause of SIDS is unknown . The requirement of a combination of factors including a specific underlying susceptibility , a specific time in development , and an environmental stressor has been proposed . These environmental stressors may include sleeping on the stomach or side , overheating , and exposure to tobacco smoke . Accidental suffocation from bed sharing ( also known as co-sleeping ) or soft objects may also play a role . Another risk factor is being born before 39 weeks of gestation . SIDS makes up about 80 % of sudden and unexpected infant deaths ( SUIDs ) . Other causes include infections , genetic disorders , and heart problems . While child abuse in the form of intentional suffocation may be misdiagnosed as SIDS , this is believed to make up less than 5 % of cases . The most effective method of reducing the risk of SIDS is putting a child less than one year old on their back to sleep . Other measures include a firm mattress separate from but close to caregivers , no loose bedding , a relatively cool sleeping environment , using a pacifier , and avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke . Breastfeeding and immunization may also be preventive . Measures not shown to be useful include positioning devices and baby monitors . Evidence is not sufficient for the use of fans . Grief support for families impacted by SIDS is important , as the death of the infant is sudden , without witnesses , and often associated with an investigation . Rates of SIDS vary nearly tenfold in developed countries from one in a thousand to one in ten thousand . Globally it resulted in about 19,200 deaths in 2015 down from 22,000 deaths in 1990 . SIDS was the third leading cause of death in children less than one year old in the United States in 2011 . It is the most common cause of death between one month and one year of age . About 90 % of cases happen before six months of age , with it being most frequent between two months and four months of age . It is more common in boys than girls .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "USS_George_C._Marshall_(SSBN-654)", "score": 0.5485221147537231, "text": "USS George C. Marshall ( SSBN-654 ) , a ballistic missile submarine , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for General of the Army George C. Marshall ( 1880-1959 ) , who served as U.S. Secretary of State from 1947 to 1949 and as U.S. Secretary of Defense from 1950 to 1951 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "John_Jacob_Astor_VI", "score": 0.5484057664871216, "text": "John Jacob `` Jakey '' Astor VI ( August 14 , 1912 -- June 26 , 1992 ) was an American socialite , shipping businessman , and member of the Astor family . He was dubbed the `` Titanic Baby '' for his affiliation with the RMS Titanic ; Astor was born four months after his father , Colonel John Jacob Astor IV , died in the sinking of the Titanic , but his mother , Madeleine Astor , survived .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Kiddo", "score": 0.5481564998626709, "text": "Kiddo was a P-Funk offspring group at A&M Records , formed by Parliament - Funkadelic guitarist Michael Hampton and writer Donnie Sterling , in the early 1980s .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
180769
Grace Jones is a dancer.
[ { "id": "Grace_Jones", "score": 0.7188187837600708, "text": "Grace Jones ( born 19 May 1948 ) is a Jamaican born singer , songwriter , lyricist , supermodel , record producer , and actress . Born in Jamaica , at age 13 she moved with her siblings to their parents ' home in Syracuse , New York . Jones began her modelling career in New York state , then in Paris , working for fashion houses such as Yves St. Laurent and Kenzo , and appearing on the covers of Elle and Vogue . She worked with photographers such as Helmut Newton , Guy Bourdin , and Hans Feurer , and became known for her distinctive androgynous appearance and bold features . In 1977 Jones secured a record deal with Island Records , initially becoming a star of New York City 's Studio 54-centered disco scene . In the early 1980s she moved toward a new wave style that drew on reggae , funk , post-punk , and pop music , frequently collaborating with both the graphic designer Jean-Paul Goude and the musical duo Sly & Robbie . Her most popular albums include Warm Leatherette ( 1980 ) , Nightclubbing ( 1981 ) , and Slave to the Rhythm ( 1985 ) . She scored Top 40 entries on the UK Singles Chart with `` Pull Up to the Bumper '' , `` I 've Seen That Face Before '' , `` Private Life '' , and `` Slave to the Rhythm '' . In 1982 , she released the music video collection A One Man Show , directed by Goude . Jones appeared in some low-budget films in the US during the 1970s and early 1980s . In 1984 she made her first mainstream appearance as Zula in the fantasy-action film Conan the Destroyer alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sarah Douglas , and subsequently appeared in the 1985 James Bond movie A View to a Kill as May Day . In 1986 she played a vampire in Vamp , and acted in and contributed a song to the 1992 Eddie Murphy film Boomerang . She appeared alongside Tim Curry in the 2001 film Wolf Girl . For her work in Conan the Destroyer , A View to a Kill , and Vamp , she was nominated for Saturn Awards for Best Supporting Actress . In 1999 , Jones ranked 82nd on VH1 's 100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll , and in 2008 , she was honored with a Q Idol Award . Jones influenced the cross-dressing movement of the 1980s and has been an inspiration for artists including Annie Lennox , Lady Gaga , Rihanna , Lorde , Róisín Murphy , Brazilian Girls , Nile Rodgers , Santigold , Basement Jaxx and Stanka Brljevic . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 40th most successful dance artist of all time ." } ]
[ { "id": "Neil_Jones_(dancer)", "score": 0.6790093183517456, "text": "Neil Jones is a British professional dancer .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Jones_the_Rhythm", "score": 0.6772376894950867, "text": "`` Jones the Rhythm '' is the second single from Grace Jones ' album Slave to the Rhythm , which was released in 1985 .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Grace_(Russian_singer)", "score": 0.665364682674408, "text": "Grace ( born January 1 , 1992 ) is a Russian-born actress , singer and musician . She is best known for her song `` When the Lights Go Down '' which was released on Randy Jackson 's dance label , Dream Merchant 21 . In 2009 , Grace Valery hosted the TV show Mobius on the international channel Music Box . Grace performed at the International Dance Music Awards in Miami Beach during the 2011 Winter Music Conference alongside Mýa , Chris Willis , Emii and more . Grace cites artists like Christina Aguilera , Beyoncé and Britney Spears as early influences . In 2010 , Grace left Moscow to move to Los Angeles . She was quickly picked up by Oleg Shmelev and Julia Kurbatova of JK Music Group . JK Music Group united Grace with producer Randy Jackson and songwriters Deekay and Sarah West , choreographers RJ Durell and Nick Florez , and video directors Brian Friedman and Chan Andre , among others , to create Grace 's first single , `` When the Lights Go Down '' and its music video .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "A_Rolling_Stone", "score": 0.6511168479919434, "text": "`` A Rolling Stone '' is a 1980 single by Jamaican singer Grace Jones .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Katya_Jones", "score": 0.6397762894630432, "text": "Katya Jones , born Ekaterina Andreevna Sokolova ( Russian : Екатерина Андреевна Соколова ) , is a Russian dancer and choreographer , best known as a professional dancer on the BBC One dance series Strictly Come Dancing .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Love_Bites_(Grace_Jones_song)", "score": 0.6377438306808472, "text": "`` Love Bites '' is a 1996 song by Grace Jones .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "A_One_Man_Show", "score": 0.6300688982009888, "text": "A One Man Show is a long-form music video collection featuring Jamaican singer Grace Jones , released in 1982 . The video mainly consists of music videos , with some concert footage filmed when Jones was touring with the eponymous tour .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "La_Valera", "score": 0.628997802734375, "text": "La Valera was a Spanish dancer of the early twentieth century .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Ayako_Nakano_(dancer)", "score": 0.6274505257606506, "text": "is a Japanese ballerina .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Sex_Drive_(Grace_Jones_song)", "score": 0.6274424195289612, "text": "`` Sex Drive '' is a 1993 single by Grace Jones .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Princess_Grace_Foundation-USA", "score": 0.6270772218704224, "text": "The Princess Grace Foundation-USA is a national foundation in the United States which is dedicated to identifying and assisting emerging talent in theater , dance , and film by awarding grants in the form of scholarships , apprenticeships , and fellowships . It was named after Grace Kelly , Princess of Monaco . The Foundation has awarded over $ 8 million to nearly 500 theater , dance , and film artists nationwide . It continues to fund its inaugural disciplines and has expanded its grants program to include playwriting and choreography grants within the theater and dance categories .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Black_Grace", "score": 0.6265547275543213, "text": "Black Grace is an internationally touring modern dance company , formed in Auckland , New Zealand in 1995 . Neil Ieremia , the group 's founder and choreographer , draws on Māori and Pacific Islander indigenous dance , as well as modern dance and hip hop . Ieremia graduated from the Auckland Performing Arts School and joined the Douglas Wright Dance Company , the leading New Zealand contemporary-dance company at the time . However , the founding members , such as Sam Fuataga and Sean MacDonald , initially had more experience with sports such as rugby , basketball and running than with dance . Performances remain infused with athleticism and may occasionally include a bit of whimsy that is less common in those of other troupes . In Human Language , as the female dancers dance before them , the male dancers inflate toy balloons and look upward in mimicry of courting behavior of certain bird species . Coming from a story-telling tradition called slap dancing that includes speaking , singing and slapping their bodies , Ieremia incorporates these elements in his choreography . Musical accompaniment includes Samoan indigenous music , Bach and hip hop . As the foremost contemporary dance company in New Zealand , the company has toured extensively in that country , as well as the Netherlands , and North America . Their first appearance in the United States in August 2004 at the Jacob 's Pillow Dance Festival in New York City was well received . By the end of a week of performances , they were performing before `` vociferously enthusiastic , soldout houses . '' In 2005 , Black Grace performed at the World Expo , Aichi and Tokyo . A documentary on the group , Black Grace : From Cannon 's Creek to Jacob 's Pillow , premiered 21 June 2007 on PBS . In March 2008 , Black Grace gave two forty-minute performances before more than 10,000 people at WOMADelaide in southern Australia . An all-male company , four guest female dancers performed with six males in its eleven city 2008 tour of North America . As of 2008 , the members are variously of Māori , Pacific Island , New Zealand and Australian descent . MacDonald and Ieremia are the only founding members that remain in the troupe . According to Ieremia , a New Zealander of Samoan ancestry , the term black in the company name refers to courage in the New Zealand Māori / Pacific Islander argot of the 1980s . Grace is a quality that he admires and to which he aspires .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Whip_(dance)", "score": 0.6263730525970459, "text": "Whip is a type of swing dance , danced to rhythm and blues music .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Nightclubbing_(Grace_Jones_album)", "score": 0.6245490908622742, "text": "Nightclubbing is the fifth studio album by Jamaican singer Grace Jones , released on 11 May 1981 by Island Records . Recorded at Compass Point Studios with producers Alex Sadkin and Island Records ' president Chris Blackwell , as well as a team of session musicians rooted by rhythm section Sly & Robbie , the album marked her second foray into a new wave style that blends a variety of genres , including reggae , art pop , dub , synthpop and funk . The album comprises a mixture of cover versions from artists including Bill Withers , Iggy Pop and Ástor Piazzolla , and original songs , three of which were co-written by Jones . The album received positive reviews upon its release and continues to be praised by critics , with reviewers commending the singer 's unique sound and organic fusion of genres . The album entered in the top 10 in five countries , and became Jones ' highest-ranking record on the US Billboard mainstream albums and R&B charts . Six singles were released from the album , including the hits `` Pull Up to the Bumper '' and `` I 've Seen That Face Before ( Libertango ) '' . Critics and scholars have noted the album 's influence on popular music , especially how its unique sound has been emulated by both pop and alternative acts , and how the persona Jones adopted - deeply influenced by art and fashion - has had an enduring influence in modern female pop singers . Around the time of the album 's release , she adopted her characteristic androgynous look which would become popular in fashion . Nightclubbing is now widely considered Jones ' best studio album and the record that cemented her pop icon status .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Crush_(Grace_Jones_song)", "score": 0.6230447292327881, "text": "`` Crush '' is a 1987 single by Grace Jones .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Dancé,_Loire", "score": 0.6227551102638245, "text": "Dancé is a commune in the Loire department in central France .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Nami_Tsukamoto", "score": 0.621894359588623, "text": "is a Japanese ballet dancer .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Martha_Graham", "score": 0.6215419769287109, "text": "Martha Graham ( May 11 , 1894 -- April 1 , 1991 ) was an American modern dancer and choreographer . Her style , the Graham technique , reshaped American dance and is still taught worldwide . She danced and choreographed for over seventy years . Graham was the first dancer to perform at the White House , travel abroad as a cultural ambassador , and receive the highest civilian award of the US : the Presidential Medal of Freedom . In her lifetime she received honors ranging from the Key to the City of Paris to Japan 's Imperial Order of the Precious Crown . She said , in the 1994 documentary The Dancer Revealed , `` I have spent all my life with dance and being a dancer . It 's permitting life to use you in a very intense way . Sometimes it is not pleasant . Sometimes it is fearful . But nevertheless it is inevitable . ''", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "List_of_dance_personalities", "score": 0.6215249300003052, "text": "This is a partial list of people involved in dance", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Kylie_Jones", "score": 0.6197690367698669, "text": "Kylie Jones is a professional ballroom dancer . She was the 2000 and 2001 World Ballroom Champion , the 2001 European Ballroom Champion , the 2000 and 2001 Open British Ballroom Champion , and the 2000 and 2001 United Kingdom Ballroom Champion . Jones began dancing as a seven-year-old and by the age of 11 she had become the International and Open British Juvenile Ballroom champion . She became the British Junior Champion in three consecutive years at ages 13 , 14 and 15 . Jones won the World Games in 2001 with her then-partner Jonathan Crossley . After winning their second World Ballroom Championship title in 2001 , Jones and Crossley turned professional . They competed in a number of professional competitions between 2001 and 2002 , including the British National Dance Championships , the 2002 British Open , the 2002 UK Open , the Asian Open Professional Championships , and the 2001 and 2002 Elsa Wells International Championships . Jones took part in the first series of Strictly Come Dancing , the UK television programme which was exported to 30 other countries as Dancing with the Stars . Jones was partnered with stand-up comedian Jason Wood . They were the first to leave the competition , after being voted out in the second week of the show . Jones retired from competition in 2002 . She now teaches dancing and pilates in Surrey , having obtained a level three diploma in Pilates Technique .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
170685
Lisbon has a population larger than 1.
[ { "id": "Lisbon", "score": 0.8144025206565857, "text": "Lisbon ( -LSB- ˈlɪzbən -RSB- Lisboa , -LSB- liʒˈβoɐ -RSB- ) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal , with a population of 552,700 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km ² . Its urban area extends beyond the city 's administrative limits with a population of around 2.7 million people , being the 11th-most populous urban area in the European Union . About 2.8 million people live in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area ( which represents approximately 27 % of the country 's population ) . It is continental Europe 's westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast . Lisbon lies in the western Iberian Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus . The westernmost areas of its metro area is the westernmost point of Continental Europe . Lisbon is recognised as a global city because of its importance in finance , commerce , media , entertainment , arts , international trade , education and tourism . It is one of the major economic centres on the continent , with a growing financial sector and one of the largest container ports on Europe 's Atlantic coast . Humberto Delgado Airport serves over 20 million passengers annually , as of 2015 , and the motorway network and the high-speed rail system of Alfa Pendular link the main cities of Portugal . The city is the 7th-most-visited city in Southern Europe , after Istanbul , Rome , Barcelona , Madrid , Athens and Milan , with 1,740,000 tourists in 2009 . The Lisbon region contributes with a higher GDP PPP per capita than any other region in Portugal . It 's GDP amounts to 96.3 billion USD and thus $ 32,434 per capita , 40 % higher than the average European Union 's GDP per capita . The city occupies 32nd place of highest gross earnings in the world . Most of the headquarters of multinationals in the country are located in the Lisbon area . It is also the political centre of the country , as its seat of Government and residence of the Head of State . Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world , and the oldest in Western Europe , predating other modern European capitals such as London , Paris and Rome by centuries . Julius Caesar made it a municipium called Felicitas Julia , adding to the name Olissipo . Ruled by a series of Germanic tribes from the 5th century , it was captured by the Moors in the 8th century . In 1147 , the Crusaders under Afonso Henriques reconquered the city and since then it has been a major political , economic and cultural centre of Portugal . Unlike most capital cities , Lisbon 's status as the capital of Portugal has never been granted or confirmed officially -- by statute or in written form . Its position as the capital has formed through constitutional convention , making its position as de facto capital a part of the Constitution of Portugal . Lisbon enjoys a Mediterranean climate . It has one of the warmest winters of any metropolis in Europe , with average temperatures 15 ° C during the day and 8 ° C at night from December to February . The typical summer season lasts about four months , from June to September , although also in April temperatures sometimes reach around 25 ° C." } ]
[ { "id": "History_of_Lisbon", "score": 0.7100917100906372, "text": "The history of Lisbon , the capital city of Portugal , revolves around its strategic geographical position at the mouth of the Tagus , the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula . Its spacious and sheltered natural harbour made the city historically an important seaport for trade between the Mediterranean Sea and northern Europe . Lisbon has long enjoyed the commercial advantages of its proximity to southern and extreme western Europe , as well as sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas , and today its waterfront is lined with miles of docks , wharfs , and drydock facilities that accommodate the largest oil tankers . During the Neolithic period , pre-Celtic peoples inhabited the region ; remains of their stone monuments still exist today in the periphery of the city . Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in western Europe , with a history that stretches back to its original settlement by the indigenous Iberians , the Celts , and the eventual establishment of Phoenician and Greek trading posts ( c. 800 -- 600 BC ) , followed by successive occupations in the city of various peoples including the Carthaginians , Romans , Suebi , Visigoths , and Moors . Roman armies first entered the Iberian peninsula in 219 BC , and occupied the Lusitanian city of Olissipo ( Lisbon ) in 205 BC , after winning the Second Punic War against the Carthaginians . With the collapse of the Roman Empire , waves of Germanic tribes invaded the peninsula , and by 500 AD , the Visigothic Kingdom controlled most of Hispania . In 711 , Islamic Moors , who were mostly Berbers and Arabs from the Maghreb , invaded the Christian Iberian Peninsula , conquering Lisbon in 714 . What is now Portugal first became part of the Emirate of Córdoba and then of its successor state , the Caliphate of Córdoba . Despite attempts to seize it by the Normans in 844 and by Alfonso VI in 1093 , Lisbon remained a Muslim possession . In 1147 , after a four-month siege , Christian crusaders under the command of Afonso I captured the city and Christian rule returned . In 1256 , Afonso III moved his capital from Coimbra to Lisbon , taking advantage of the city 's excellent port and its strategic central position . Lisbon flourished in the 15th and 16th centuries as the centre of a vast empire during the period of the Portuguese discoveries , This was a time of intensive maritime exploration , when the Kingdom of Portugal accumulated great wealth and power through its colonisation of Asia , South America , Africa and the Atlantic islands . Evidence of the city 's wealth can still be seen today in the magnificent structures built then , including the Jerónimos Monastery and the nearby Tower of Belém , each classified a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 . The 1755 Lisbon earthquake , in combination with subsequent fires and a tsunami , almost totally destroyed Lisbon and adjoining areas . Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo , 1st Marquis of Pombal , took the lead in ordering the rebuilding of the city , and was responsible for the creation of the elegant financial and commercial district of the Baixa Pombalina ( Pombaline Lower Town ) . During the Peninsular War , ( 1807 -- 1814 ) Napoleon 's forces began a four-year occupation of the city in December 1807 , and Lisbon descended with the rest of the country into anarchy . After the war ended in 1814 , a new constitution was proclaimed and Brazil was granted independence . The 20th century brought political upheaval to Lisbon and the nation as a whole . In 1908 , at the height of the turbulent period of the Republican movement , King Carlos and his heir Luís Filipe were assassinated in the Terreiro do Paço . On 5 October 1910 , the Republicans organised a coup d'état that overthrew the constitutional monarchy and established the Portuguese Republic . There were 45 changes of government from 1910 through 1926 . The right-wing Estado Novo regime , which ruled the country from 1926 to 1974 , suppressed civil liberties and political freedom in the longest-lived dictatorship in Western Europe . It was finally deposed by the Carnation Revolution ( Revolução dos Cravos ) , launched in Lisbon with a military coup on 25 April 1974 . The movement was joined by a popular campaign of civil resistance , leading to the fall of the Estado Novo , the restoration of democracy , and the withdrawal of Portugal from its African colonies and East Timor . Following the revolution , there was a huge influx into Lisbon of refugees from the former African colonies in 1974 and 1975 . Portugal joined the European Community ( EC ) in 1986 , and subsequently received massive funding to spur redevelopment . Lisbon 's local infrastructure was improved with new investment and its container port became the largest on the Atlantic coast . The city was in the limelight as the 1994 European City of Culture , as well as host of Expo '98 and the 2004 European Football Championships . The year 2006 saw continuing urban renewal projects throughout the city , ranging from the restoration of the Praça de Touros ( Lisbon 's bullring ) and its re-opening as a multi-event venue , to improvements of the metro system and building rehabilitation in the Alfama .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Grande_Lisboa", "score": 0.7095440626144409, "text": "Grande Lisboa ( Greater Lisbon in English ) is a Portuguese NUTS III subregion integrated in the Lisboa Region . It includes the capital and prime city of Portugal - Lisbon ( Lisboa in Portuguese ) . It is the main economical subregion of the country . It covers 1,376 km ² and it is the most populous and most densely populated Portuguese subregion ( 2,821,619 inhabitants and 2,043 inhabitants/km ² ) .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Tourism_in_Lisbon", "score": 0.7066401243209839, "text": "Tourism in Lisbon is popular . The city of Lisbon and the Lisbon metropolitan area attracts a significant number of tourists each year , drawn to its historical and cultural offerings .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Demographics_of_Póvoa_de_Varzim", "score": 0.6975685358047485, "text": "A native of Póvoa de Varzim in Portugal is called a Poveiro which can be rendered into English as Povoan . According to the 2001 Census , there were 63,470 inhabitants that year , 38 848 ( 61.2 % ) of whom lived in the city . The number goes up to 100,000 if adjacent satellite areas are taken into account , ranking it as the seventh largest independent urban area in Portugal , within a polycentric agglomeration of about 3 million people , ranging from Braga to Porto . The urban area has a population density of 3035/km2 ( 7,864 / mi ² ) , while the rural and suburban areas have a density of 355.5 / km2 ( 920/mi ² ) . The rural areas away from the city tend to be scarcely populated , becoming denser near it . During the summer the resident population in the city triples ; this seasonal movement from neighbouring cities is due to the draw of the beach and 29.9 % of homes had seasonal use in 2001 , the highest in Greater Porto . Póvoa de Varzim is the youngest city in the region with a birth rate of 13.665 and mortality rate of 8.330 . Unlike other urban areas of greater Porto , it is not a satellite city . Significant commuting occurs only with Vila do Conde , an urban expansion area of Póvoa since the 18th century . For centuries a fishing community of mostly Norman origin , where ethnic isolationism was a common practice , Póvoa de Varzim is today a cosmopolitan town , with people originating from the Ave Valley who settled in the coastal Northern districts during the 20th century , the ancient immigration from Galicia , Portuguese-Africans ( who arrived in significant numbers after the independence of Angola and Mozambique ) in the late 1970s and people of diverse nationalities , the biggest immigrant communities are Ukrainians , Brazilians , Chinese , Russians , and Angolans . The population of the entire municipality grew only 1 % between 1981 and 1991 , then increased by 15.3 % between 1991 and 2001 . During that period , the urban population had grown 23 % , with the number of families increasing considerably -- by about 44.5 % . In 2005 Expresso considered it as the most developed in Porto district and Primeiro de Janeiro as the `` city of future '' in the Porto district , the quality of living , the infrastructure development such as the light rail metro and a 15 minutes distance from Porto and Braga , prompted new residents originating from near-by cities such as Guimarães , Famalicão , Braga and Porto which led to a real estate development that may double the resident population in the medium term . Due to the practice of endogamy and the caste system , Póvoa 's fishing community maintained local ethnic characteristics . Anthropological and cultural data indicate Nordic fishermen settling during the period of the coast 's resettlement . In As Praias de Portugal ( Beaches of Portugal , 1876 ) , Ramalho ortigão wrote that the Povoan fishermen were a `` race '' in the Portuguese coast ; entirely different from the Mediterranean type of Ovar and Olhão , Poveiro is of `` Saxon '' type . On the other hand , the man from the interior was a farmer with Galician character ( Paleo and Nordid-Atlantid ) . In a 1908 research , anthropologist Fonseca Cardoso considered that Poveiros were the result of a mixture of Phoenicians , Teutons , Jews and , mostly , Normans . In the book The Races of Europe ( 1938 ) , Poveiros were distinguished by having a greater than usual degree of blondism , broad faces of unknown origin , and broad jaws . Poveiros have migrated to other places and this attenuated the population growth . One should notice that the Poveiros tended to create their own associations abroad , there are Casa dos Poveiros ( Poveiros House ) in Brazil ( Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo ) , Germiston in South Africa and Toronto in Canada . In Rio de Janeiro , the community was known by not wanting other peoples of other origins , including Portuguese born in other regions , within their community . In 1920 , many Poveiros emigrated in Brazil returned , as many refused to lose Portuguese nationality . The governor of Angola , with an ambition to develop fisheries , suggested the creation of a Povoan colony in Porto Alexandre . Due to fisher classes affairs , the fisher areas of Vila do Conde , Esposende and Matosinhos have strong Povoan cultural influence and half of the population of Vila do Conde and Matosinhos are of Povoan descent .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Oeiras,_Portugal", "score": 0.6898306608200073, "text": "Oeiras ( -LSB- oˈɐjɾɐʃ -RSB- ) is a municipality in western part of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area , subregion of Greater Lisbon , in continental Portugal . It is part of the urban agglomeration of Lisbon . The population in 2011 was 172,120 , in an area of 45.88 km ² , making the municipality the fifth-most densely populated in Portugal . Oeiras is an important economic hub , being one of the most highly developed municipalities of Portugal and Europe . It has the highest GDP ( Growth Domestic Product ) in the country , being also the second municipality ( right after Lisbon ) with the highest purchasing power as well as the second one collecting taxes in the country . This economic results are also a reflection of the inhabitants studies , being Oeiras the municipality with the highest concentration of population with higher education in the country and the lowest unemployment rate in the Lisbon area .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Rome", "score": 0.6848489046096802, "text": "Rome ( -LSB- ˈroʊm -RSB- ; Roma -LSB- ˈroː.ma -RSB- , Rōma ) is a special comune ( named Comune di Roma Capitale ) and the capital of Italy . Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region . With 2,877,215 residents in 1285 km2 , it is also the country 's largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits . It is the center of the Metropolitan City of Rome , which has a population of 4.3 million residents . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula , within Lazio ( Latium ) , along the shores of the Tiber . The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome , the only existing example of a country within a city : for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states . Rome 's history spans more than 2,500 years . While Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at only around 753 BC , the site has been inhabited for much longer , making it one of the oldest continuously occupied sites in Europe . The city 's early population originated from a mix of Latins , Etruscans and Sabines . Eventually , the city successively became the capital of the Roman Kingdom , the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire , and is regarded as one of the birthplaces of Western civilisation and by some as the first ever metropolis . It was first called The Eternal City ( Urbs Aeterna La Città Eterna ) by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC , and the expression was also taken up by Ovid , Virgil , and Livy . Rome is also called the `` Caput Mundi '' ( Capital of the World ) . After the fall of the Western Empire , which marked the beginning of the Middle Ages , Rome slowly fell under the political control of the Papacy , which had settled in the city since the 1st century AD , until in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States , which lasted until 1870 . Beginning with the Renaissance , almost all the popes since Nicholas V ( 1447 -- 55 ) pursued coherently along four hundred years an architectonic and urbanistic programme aimed to make of the city the world 's artistic and cultural centre . Due to that , Rome became first one of the major centres of the Italian Renaissance , and then the birthplace of both the Baroque style and Neoclassicism . Famous artists , painters , sculptors and architects made Rome the centre of their activity , creating masterpieces throughout the city . In 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy , and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic . Rome has the status of a global city . Rome ranked in 2016 as the 13th-most-visited city in the world , 3rd most visited in the European Union , and the most popular tourist attraction in Italy . Its historic centre is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . Monuments and museums such as the Vatican Museums and the Colosseum are among the world 's most visited tourist destinations with both locations receiving millions of tourists a year . Rome hosted the 1960 Summer Olympics and is the seat of United Nations ' Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) . The city hosts the headquarters of many international business companies , such as Eni , Enel , TIM and national and international banks as UniCredit and BNL . Its business district , called EUR , is the base of many business companies involved in oil industry , pharmaceutical industry and finance services . So , Rome plays a leading role in the national economy . The city is also an important fashion and design center thanks to international brands such as Fendi , Bulgari , Renato Balestra and Salvatore Ferragamo . Rome 's Cinecittà Studios have been the set of many Academy Award-winning movies .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "History_of_Porto", "score": 0.6787262558937073, "text": "Porto is the second largest city in Portugal behind the capital , Lisbon .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Bucharest", "score": 0.6771329641342163, "text": "Bucharest ( -LSB- ˈbjuːkərɛst -RSB- București , -LSB- bukuˈreʃtʲ -RSB- ) is the capital and largest city of Romania , as well as its cultural , industrial , and financial centre . It is located in the southeast of the country , at , on the banks of the Dâmbovița River , less than 60 km north of the Danube River and the Bulgarian border . Bucharest was first mentioned in documents in 1459 . It became the capital of Romania in 1862 and is the centre of Romanian media , culture , and art . Its architecture is a mix of historical ( neo-classical ) , interbellum ( Bauhaus and art deco ) , communist-era and modern . In the period between the two World Wars , the city 's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of `` Little Paris '' ( Micul Paris ) . Although buildings and districts in the historic city centre were heavily damaged or destroyed by war , earthquakes , and above all Nicolae Ceaușescu 's program of systematization , many survived . In recent years , the city has been experiencing an economic and cultural boom . In 2016 , the historical city centre was listed as `` endangered '' by the World Monuments Watch . According to the 2011 census , 1,883,425 inhabitants live within the city limits , a decrease from the 2002 census . The urban area extends beyond the limits of Bucharest proper and has a population of about 1.9 million people . Adding the satellite towns around the urban area , the proposed metropolitan area of Bucharest would have a population of 2.27 million people . According to Eurostat , Bucharest has a larger urban zone of 2,183,091 residents . According to unofficial data , the population is more than 3 million . Bucharest is the sixth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits , after London , Berlin , Madrid , Rome , and Paris . Economically , Bucharest is the most prosperous city in Romania and is one of the main industrial centres and transportation hubs of Eastern Europe . The city has big convention facilities , educational institutes , cultural venues , traditional `` shopping arcades '' , and recreational areas . The city proper is administratively known as the `` Municipality of Bucharest '' ( Municipiul București ) , and has the same administrative level as that of a national county , being further subdivided into six sectors , each governed by a local mayor .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Funchal", "score": 0.6770418882369995, "text": "Funchal ( -LSB- fũˈʃaɫ -RSB- ) is the largest city , the municipal seat and the capital of Portugal 's Autonomous Region of Madeira . The city has a population of 111,892 , making it the 6th largest city in Portugal , and has been the capital of Madeira for more than five centuries . Because of its high cultural and historical value , Funchal is one of Portugal 's main tourist attractions . It is also popular as a destination for New Year 's Eve , and it is the leading Portuguese port on cruise liner dockings . The name is from the Portuguese word `` funcho '' ( fennel ) and the suffix '' - al '' , to denote `` a plantation of fennel '' .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Madrid", "score": 0.6757758259773254, "text": "Madrid ( -LSB- məˈdrɪd -RSB- , -LSB- maˈðɾið -RSB- , -LSB- maˈðɾi -RSB- ) is the capital city of the Kingdom of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole . The city has a population of almost 3.2 million with a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million . It is the third-largest city in the European Union ( EU ) after London and Berlin , and its metropolitan area is the third-largest in the EU after those of London and Paris . The municipality itself covers an area of 604.3 km ² . Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid ( which comprises the city of Madrid , its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages ) ; this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha . As the capital city of Spain , seat of government , and residence of the Spanish monarch , Madrid is also the political , economic and cultural centre of the country . The current mayor is Manuela Carmena from Ahora Madrid . The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influences in politics , education , entertainment , environment , media , fashion , science , culture , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world 's major global cities . Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs , Real Madrid and Atlético de Madrid . Due to its economic output , high standard of living , and market size , Madrid is considered the major financial centre of Southern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula ; it hosts the head offices of the vast majority of major Spanish companies , such as Telefónica , Iberia , and Repsol . Madrid is the 17th most liveable city in the world according to Monocle magazine , in its 2014 index . Madrid houses the headquarters of the World Tourism Organization ( UNWTO ) , belonging to the United Nations Organization ( UN ) , the Ibero-American General Secretariat ( SEGIB ) , the Organization of Ibero-American States ( OEI ) , and the Public Interest Oversight Board ( PIOB ) . It also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the Spanish language : the Standing Committee of the Association of Spanish Language Academies , headquarters of the Royal Spanish Academy ( RAE ) , the Cervantes Institute and the Foundation of Urgent Spanish ( Fundéu BBVA ) . Madrid organises fairs such as FITUR , ARCO , SIMO TCI and the Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week . While Madrid possesses modern infrastructure , it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets . Its landmarks include the Royal Palace of Madrid ; the Royal Theatre with its restored 1850 Opera House ; the Buen Retiro Park , founded in 1631 ; the 19th-century National Library building ( founded in 1712 ) containing some of Spain 's historical archives ; a large number of national museums , and the Golden Triangle of Art , located along the Paseo del Prado and comprising three art museums : Prado Museum , the Reina Sofía Museum , a museum of modern art , and the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum , which completes the shortcomings of the other two museums . Cibeles Palace and Fountain have become one of the monument symbols of the city .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Immigration_to_Spain", "score": 0.6757303476333618, "text": "As of 2016 , there were over 4.418.898 million foreign-born people in Spain , over 9,8 % of the total population . Because of its location in the Iberian Peninsula , the Canary islands and two exclaves in Northern Africa , the territory comprising modern Spain has always been at the crossroads of human migration , having harboured many waves of historical immigration . The Spanish Empire , one of the first global empires and one of the largest in the world , spanned all inhabited continents and throughout the years people from these lands emigrated to Spain in varying numbers . In migration terms and after centuries of net emigration , Spain has recently experienced large-scale immigration for the first time in modern history . In 1998 , immigrants accounted for 3 per cent of the population . By 2008 , the share had jumped to 13 per cent -- one of the highest in Europe . The two largest groups were Romanians and Moroccans , with a combined 1.4 m migrants , that is almost a third of the foreign population . The population of Spain doubled during the 20th century due to the spectacular demographic boom in the 1960s and early 1970s . The birth rate then plunged by the 1980s , and Spain 's population became stagnant , its demographics showing one of the lowest sub-replacement fertility rate in the world . . During the early 21st century , the average year-on-year demographic growth set a new record with its 2003 peak variation of 2.1 % , doubling the previous record reached back in the 1960s when a mean year on year growth of 1 % was experienced . This trend is far from being reversed at the present moment and , in 2005 alone , the immigrant population of Spain increased by 700,000 people .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Lisbon_Metropolitan_Area", "score": 0.6751922965049744, "text": "Lisbon Metropolitan Area ( Área Metropolitana de Lisboa , or AML ) is an administrative division that includes 18 municipalities ( concelhos ) in Portugal and is a designated Level II and Level III Portuguese NUTS region .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "History_of_Rome", "score": 0.6733933687210083, "text": "The city of Rome originated as a village of the Latini in the 9th century BC . It was initially ruled by kings , but the Roman Republic was established in 509 BC . During the 5th century BC , Rome gained regional dominance in Latium , and eventually the entire Italian peninsula by the 3rd century BC . The population of the city at this point is estimated at about 310,000 people . With the Punic Wars , Rome gained dominance over the Western Mediterranean , displacing Carthage as the dominant regional power . The Roman Empire was established under Octavian in 27 BC , after Julius Caesar 's conquest of Gaul , followed by a period of civil war . The city of Rome now surpassed a population of one million , likely the first city in history to reach this size ( compared to world population of about 200 -- 300 million at the time ) . At the peak of Roman imperial power in the 2nd century , the population of the city numbered about a million people , a size that it never attained again until its becoming the capital of the Republic of Italy in 1946 ; close to three percent of the population of the empire lived within its limits . Following the Crisis of the Third Century and the transfer of the imperial capital to Constantinople in AD 330 , Rome entered a period of gradual decline . After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire , Rome managed to hang onto the empire , still known as the Roman Empire but long centered on the eastern Mediterranean , until the 8th century as the Duchy of Rome . But the city was reduced to a fraction of its former size , being sacked several times in the 5th to 6th centuries , in 546 even temporarily depopulated entirely . With the final loss of imperial control in Italy , Rome became the capital of the Papal States in medieval Italy . The Papacy struggled to retain influence in the emerging Holy Roman Empire , and during the Saeculum obscurum , the population of Rome fell to as low as 30,000 inhabitants . Following the East -- West Schism and the limited success in the Investiture Controversy , the Papacy did gain considerable influence in high medieval Europe , but with the Avignon Papacy and the Western Schism , the city of Rome was reduced to irrelevance , its population falling below 20,000 . Rome 's decline into complete irrelevance during the medieval period , with the associated lack of construction activity , assured the survival of very significant ancient Roman material remains in the centre of the city , some abandoned and others continuing in use . Rome began to recover some importance in the late 15th and 16th century . The Sistine Chapel was restored in 1480 and decorated by Michelangelo in 1508 -- 1512 . Construction of the Apostolic Palace began in 1589 . Construction of St. Peter 's Basilica was begun in 1506 , the most renowned work of Renaissance architecture . The Roman Renaissance was cut short abruptly with the devastation of the city in 1527 , but the Papacy reasserted itself in the Counter-Reformation , and the city continued to flourish during the early modern period . Rome was annexed by Napoleon and was technically part of France during 1798 -- 1814 . During the Italian unification in the 19th century , the Roman Question referred to the status of Rome under the temporal power of the popes . Rome was declared the capital of the kingdom of Italy on 27 March 1861 , but the Italian government could not take its seat there because it was defended by a French garrison . Rome was eventually captured in 1870 , and the dispute was finally resolved with the Lateran Pacts of 1929 establishing the Vatican State . Rome served as the capital of the Italian Empire and Fascist Italy from 1870 to 1943 . During this period , population hextupled from about 250,000 to 1.5 million . The Palace of Justice was completed 1910 . Rome was under siege by the Allied invasion of Italy and was bombed several times . It was declared an open city on 14 August 1943 . It became the capital of the Italian Republic ( established in 1946 ) , with a population of 4.4 million in its metropolitan area ( ; 2.9 million within city limits ) -- is the largest city in Italy . It is among the largest urban areas of the European Union and classified as a `` global city '' .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Tourism_in_Portugal", "score": 0.6731473803520203, "text": "Portugal attracts many tourists each year . In 2006 , the country was visited by 7 million tourists . Tourism is playing an increasingly important role in Portugal 's economy contributing about 5 % of the Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) . The main tourist areas are , by order of importance , the Algarve , the Greater Lisbon ( Lisboa ) , Greater Porto and Northern Portugal ( Porto e Norte ) , city of Coimbra , Portuguese Islands ( Ilhas Portuguesas : Madeira and Azores ) , and Alentejo . Lisbon is , after Barcelona , the European city attracting most tourists , with 7 million tourists sleeping in the city 's hotels in 2006 , the number grew 11.8 % compared to previous year . Porto and Northern Portugal , especially the urban areas north of Douro River , was the tourist destination which grew most ( 11.9 % ) in 2006 and surpassed Madeira , in 2010 , as the third most visited destination . Today , most tourists in Portugal are Spanish , British , French , Dutch , Scandinavians or Brazilians , which not only search for beach vacations , but mostly cultural ones , city breaks , gastronomy , nautical tourism or business traveling . Portugal wins 14 `` Oscars '' of the tourism . The national tourism had 77 nominations and won a total of 14 awards in more than 10 European categories , surpassing Spain or Italy , at the gala of the World Travel Awards 2015 , whose ceremony took place in Sardenha , Italy .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Cascais", "score": 0.6719208359718323, "text": "Cascais ( -LSB- kɐʃˈkajʃ -RSB- ) is a coastal municipality and municipal seat 30 km west of Lisbon ; it is a cosmopolitan suburb of the Portuguese capital and one of the richest municipalities in Portugal . The population in 2011 was 206,479 , in an area of 97.40 km2 . The former fishing village gained fame as a resort for Portugal 's royal family in the late 19th century and early 20th century , and progressively became a popular vacation spot for the middle-classes and foreign tourists .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Amadora", "score": 0.6702402234077454, "text": "Amadora ( -LSB- ɐmɐˈðoɾɐ -RSB- ) is a municipality and urbanized city in the northwest of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area . The population in 2011 was 175,136 , in an area of 23.78 km ² . It is the most densely populated municipality in Portugal .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Cluj-Napoca", "score": 0.6678921580314636, "text": "Cluj-Napoca ( -LSB- ˈkluʒ naˈpoka -RSB- ) , commonly known as Cluj , is the second most populous city in Romania , after the national capital Bucharest , and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country . Geographically , it is roughly equidistant from Bucharest ( 324 km ) , Budapest ( 351 km ) and Belgrade ( 322 km ) . Located in the Someșul Mic River valley , the city is considered the unofficial capital to the historical province of Transylvania . From 1790 to 1848 and from 1861 to 1867 , it was the official capital of the Grand Principality of Transylvania . Other names for the city include : Klausenburg Kolozsvár , -LSB- ˈkoloʒvaːr -RSB- ; Medieval Latin : Castrum Clus , Claudiopolis ; and קלויזנבורג , Kloiznburg . , 324,576 inhabitants live within the city limits , marking a slight increase from the figure recorded at the 2002 census . The Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area has a population of 411,379 people , while the population of the peri-urban area ( Romanian : zona periurbană ) exceeds 420,000 residents . The new metropolitan government of Cluj-Napoca became operational in December 2008 . According to a 2007 estimate provided by the County Population Register Service , the city hosts a visible population of students and other non-residents -- an average of over 20,000 people each year during 2004 -- 2007 . The city spreads out from St. Michael 's Church in Unirii Square , built in the 14th century and named after the Archangel Michael , the patron saint of Cluj-Napoca . The boundaries of the municipality contain an area of 179.52 km2 . Cluj-Napoca experienced a decade of decline during the 1990s , its international reputation suffering from the policies of its mayor at the time , Gheorghe Funar . Today , the city is one of the most important academic , cultural , industrial and business centres in Romania . Among other institutions , it hosts the country 's largest university , Babeș-Bolyai University , with its famous botanical garden ; nationally renowned cultural institutions ; as well as the largest Romanian-owned commercial bank . In 2015 , Cluj-Napoca was European Youth Capital .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Demographics_of_Paris", "score": 0.6672776341438293, "text": "The city of Paris ( also called the Commune or Department of Paris ) had a population of 2,241,346 people within its administrative city limits as of January 1 , 2014 . It is surrounded by the Paris unité urbaine , or urban area , the most populous urban area in the European Union . In 2011 the unité urbaine had a population of 10,516,110 . The Paris Region , or Île-de-France covers 12,012 square kilometers ( 4,638 square miles ) , and has its own regional council and president . It has a population of 12,005,077 as of January 2014 , or 18.2 percent of the population of France . The population of the city of Paris reached a historic high of 2.9 million in 1921 but then declined ; between 1954 and 1999 it declined at every census , falling to 2,147,857 in 1999 , but after that it began to climb again , reaching 2,234,000 by 2009 . The city 's population loss reflected the experience of most other core cities in the developed world that have not expanded their boundaries . The principal factors in the process were a significant decline in household size , and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975 . Factors in the migration included deindustrialisation , high rent , the gentrification of many inner quarters , the transformation of living space into offices , and greater affluence among working families . The city 's population loss was one of the most severe among international municipalities and the largest for any that had achieved more than 2,000,000 residents . Since then an influx of younger residents and immigrants has contributed to the growth of the city .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Football_in_Portugal", "score": 0.6653017401695251, "text": "Association football ( futebol ) has a long and storied history in Portugal , following its 1875 introduction . The country 's top domestic league , the Primeira Liga , was founded in 1934 and is home to internationally successful clubs such as S.L. Benfica , FC Porto and Sporting CP , the `` Big Three '' who usually dominate the league . In total , Portuguese clubs have won the UEFA Champions League ( the most prestigious club competition in European football ) four times , the UEFA Europa League ( UEFA Cup ) twice , the UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup ( European Cup Winners ' Cup ) once , the UEFA Intertoto Cup once , the UEFA Super Cup ( European Super Cup ) once and the Intercontinental Cup twice . Football is the most popular sport in Portugal and in the 2011 -- 12 Primeira Liga season Benfica had an average attendance of 38,029 people , Porto 34,843 and Sporting 30,638 with the season overall having an average attendance of 10,958 and a total attendance of 2,629,950 . Internationally lauded players such as Eusébio , Luís Figo , Rui Costa and Cristiano Ronaldo have played for the Portugal national football team . They were third in the FIFA 1966 World Cup and fourth in the 2006 World Cup . The country hosted the UEFA Euro 2004 , where they were runners-up to Greece . Then , A Selecção were semi-finalists in Euro 1984 , Euro 2000 and Euro 2012 . Twelve years later , Portugal won their first major title , the Euro 2016 , beating host nation France .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Lisbon,_Iowa", "score": 0.6652677655220032, "text": "Lisbon is a city in Linn County , Iowa , United States , adjacent to the city of Mount Vernon . The population was 2,152 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
111602
Willie Nelson dropped out of college after three years.
[ { "id": "Willie_Nelson", "score": 0.6414666175842285, "text": "Willie Hugh Nelson ( born April 29 , 1933 ) is an American musician , singer , songwriter , author , poet , actor , and activist . The critical success of the album Shotgun Willie ( 1973 ) , combined with the critical and commercial success of Red Headed Stranger ( 1975 ) and Stardust ( 1978 ) , made Nelson one of the most recognized artists in country music . He was one of the main figures of outlaw country , a subgenre of country music that developed in the late 1960s as a reaction to the conservative restrictions of the Nashville sound . Nelson has acted in over 30 films , co-authored several books , and has been involved in activism for the use of biofuels and the legalization of marijuana . Born during the Great Depression , and raised by his grandparents , Nelson wrote his first song at age seven and joined his first band at ten . During high school , he toured locally with the Bohemian Polka as their lead singer and guitar player . After graduating from high school in 1950 , he joined the Air Force but was later discharged due to back problems . After his return , Nelson attended Baylor University for two years but dropped out because he was succeeding in music . During this time , he worked as a disc jockey in Texas radio stations and a singer in honky-tonks . Nelson moved to Vancouver , Washington , where he wrote `` Family Bible '' and recorded the song `` Lumberjack '' in 1956 . In 1958 , he moved to Houston , Texas , after signing a contract with D Records . He sang at the Esquire Ballroom weekly and he worked as a disk jockey . During that time , he wrote songs that would become country standards , including `` Funny How Time Slips Away '' , `` Hello Walls '' , `` Pretty Paper '' , and `` Crazy '' . In 1960 he moved to Nashville , Tennessee , and later signed a publishing contract with Pamper Music which allowed him to join Ray Price 's band as a bassist . In 1962 , he recorded his first album , ... And Then I Wrote . Due to this success , Nelson signed in 1964 with RCA Victor and joined the Grand Ole Opry the following year . After mid-chart hits in the late 1960s and the early 1970s , Nelson retired in 1972 and moved to Austin , Texas . The ongoing music scene of Austin motivated Nelson to return from retirement , performing frequently at the Armadillo World Headquarters . In 1973 , after signing with Atlantic Records , Nelson turned to outlaw country , including albums such as Shotgun Willie and Phases and Stages . In 1975 , he switched to Columbia Records , where he recorded the critically acclaimed album Red Headed Stranger . The same year , he recorded another outlaw country album , Wanted ! The Outlaws , along with Waylon Jennings , Jessi Colter , and Tompall Glaser . During the mid-1980s , while creating hit albums like Honeysuckle Rose and recording hit songs like `` On the Road Again '' , `` To All the Girls I 've Loved Before '' , and `` Pancho and Lefty '' , he joined the country supergroup The Highwaymen , along with fellow singers Johnny Cash , Waylon Jennings , and Kris Kristofferson . In 1990 , Nelson 's assets were seized by the Internal Revenue Service , which claimed that he owed . The difficulty of paying his outstanding debt was aggravated by weak investments he had made during the 1980s . In 1992 , Nelson released The IRS Tapes : Who 'll Buy My Memories ? ; the profits of the double album -- destined to the IRS -- and the auction of Nelson 's assets cleared his debt . During the 1990s and 2000s , Nelson continued touring extensively , and released albums every year . Reviews ranged from positive to mixed . He explored genres such as reggae , blues , jazz , and folk . Nelson made his first movie appearance in the 1979 film The Electric Horseman , followed by other appearances in movies and on television . Nelson is a major liberal activist and the co-chair of the advisory board of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws ( NORML ) , which is in favor of marijuana legalization . On the environmental front , Nelson owns the bio-diesel brand Willie Nelson Biodiesel , which is made from vegetable oil . Nelson is also the honorary chairman of the Advisory Board of the Texas Music Project , the official music charity of the state of Texas ." } ]
[ { "id": "Willie_Nelson_(boxer)", "score": 0.5934605002403259, "text": "Willie Nelson ( born April 20 , 1987 in Cleveland , Ohio ) is a professional boxer . He holds the NABF Intercontinental Super Welterweight title .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "High_school_dropouts", "score": 0.5929244756698608, "text": "Dropping out means leaving high school , college , university or another group for practical reasons , necessities , or disillusionment with the system from which the individual in question leaves .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "The_College_Dropout", "score": 0.5879409909248352, "text": "The College Dropout is the debut studio album by American rapper Kanye West . It was released on February 10 , 2004 , by Roc-A-Fella Records and Def Jam Recordings . It was recorded over a period of four years , beginning in 1999 . Prior to the album 's release , West had received praise for his production work for artists such as Jay-Z and Talib Kweli , but faced difficulty being accepted as a recording artist in his own right by figures in the music industry . Nonetheless intent on pursuing a solo career , it was several years before West finally received a record deal from Roc-A-Fella Records . The album 's production was handled by West and developed his `` chipmunk soul '' production style , which made use of sped-up , pitch shifted vocal samples from soul and R&B records , in addition to West 's own drum programming , string accompaniment , and gospel choirs . It features vocal contributions from Jay-Z , Mos Def , Jamie Foxx , Syleena Johnson , and Ludacris among many other artists . Diverging from the then-dominant gangster persona in hip hop , West 's lyrics concern themes of family , self-consciousness , materialism , religion , racism , and higher education . The album was promoted by singles including `` Through the Wire '' and `` Jesus Walks '' , both of which received critical acclaim . `` All Falls Down '' and `` Slow Jamz '' both charted within the top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 , with the latter charting at number one . Upon its release , The College Dropout debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 441,000 copies during its first week . It was a massive commercial success , producing five singles that achieved chart success , and it received widespread acclaim from critics , earning West several accolades that included a Grammy Award for Best Rap Album at the 47th Grammy Awards . It is West 's best-selling album in the United States , with domestic sales of 3.4 million copies and worldwide sales of over 4 million copies . It has been named by Time and Rolling Stone , among other publications , as one of the greatest albums of all time .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "The_Willie_Way", "score": 0.5872280597686768, "text": "The Willie Way is a 1972 album by country singer Willie Nelson . This was also the last album of new material released by RCA Records before Nelson 's departure for Atlantic Records and move to Austin , Texas .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Country_Willie_–_His_Own_Songs", "score": 0.5855265259742737, "text": "Country Willie -- His Own Songs is the third studio album by country singer Willie Nelson . Although this was Nelson 's third album , it was his first for RCA Victor . In 1975 , a similarly-titled compilation album was released on United Artists . Titled simply Country Willie , it was a collection of B-sides and album tracks from Nelson 's tenure at Liberty Records .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Willie:_An_Autobiography", "score": 0.5800936222076416, "text": "Willie : An Autobiography is an autobiographic book , written by American country music singer-songwriter Willie Nelson with the assistance of writer Bud Shrake . Published by Simon & Schuster in 1988 , the book received favorable reviews .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Three_Days_(Willie_Nelson_song)", "score": 0.5752026438713074, "text": "`` Three Days '' is a song written by Willie Nelson . It was originally recorded by American country music artist Faron Young on his 1961 album The Young Approach . Young 's version was released as a single in January 1962 and peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart . Nelson recorded his own version of the song on his 1962 debut album , ... And Then I Wrote . He later re-recorded the song for his 1998 album Teatro with backing vocals by Emmylou Harris . `` Three Days '' was also recorded by Canadian country music artist k.d. lang on her 1989 album Absolute Torch and Twang . lang 's version was released in October 1989 as the album 's second single . It peaked at number 9 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in January 1990 .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Stardust_(Willie_Nelson_album)", "score": 0.5687195658683777, "text": "Stardust is a 1978 album by Willie Nelson that spans the genres of pop , jazz , and country music . Its ten songs consist entirely of pop standards that Nelson picked from among his favorites . Nelson asked Booker T. Jones , who was his neighbor in Malibu at the time , to arrange a version of `` Moonlight in Vermont '' . Impressed with Jones 's work , Nelson asked him to produce the entire album . Nelson 's decision to record such well-known tracks was controversial among Columbia executives because he had distinguished himself in the outlaw country genre . Recording of the album took only ten days . Released in April , Stardust was met with high sales and near-universal positive reviews . It peaked at number one in Billboards Top Country Albums and number thirty in the Billboard 200 . Meanwhile , it charted at number one in Canadian RPMs Country Albums and number twenty-eight in RPMs Top Albums . The singles `` Blue Skies '' and `` All of Me '' peaked respectively at numbers one and three in Billboards Hot Country Singles . In 1979 , Nelson won a Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance for the song `` Georgia on My Mind '' . Stardust was on the Billboards Country Album charts for ten years -- from its release until 1988 . The album also reached number one in New Zealand and number five in Australia in 1980 . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 257 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time . It was originally certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in December 1978 . In 1984 , when it was certified triple platinum , Nelson was the highest-grossing concert act in the United States . In 2002 , the album was certified quintuple platinum , and it was later inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame class of 2015 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Shotgun_Willie", "score": 0.5675427317619324, "text": "Shotgun Willie is a 1973 album by Willie Nelson . The recording marks a change of style for Nelson , who later stated that the album `` cleared his throat '' . When Nelson refused to sign an early extension of his contract with RCA in 1972 , the label decided not to release any further recordings . Nelson hired Neil Reshen as his manager , and while Reshen negotiated with RCA , Nelson moved to Austin , Texas , where the ongoing hippie music scene at the Armadillo World Headquarters renewed his musical style . In Nashville , Nelson met producer Jerry Wexler , vice president of Atlantic Records , who was interested in his music . Reshen solved the problems with RCA and signed Nelson with Atlantic Records as their first country music artist . The album was recorded in the Atlantic Records studio in New York City in February 1973 . Nelson and his backup musicians were joined by Doug Sahm and his band . After recording several tracks , Nelson was still not inspired . Following a recording session , he wrote `` Shotgun Willie '' -- the song that would become the title track of the album -- on the empty packaging of a sanitary napkin while in the bathroom of his hotel room . The album , produced mostly by Arif Mardin , included covers of two Bob Wills songs -- `` Stay All Night ( Stay a Little Longer ) '' and `` Bubbles in My Beer '' -- that were co-produced by Wexler . Waylon Jennings and Jessi Colter collaborated on the album , providing vocals and guitar . Shotgun Willie was released in June 1973 . In spite of poor sales , the album received good reviews and gained Nelson major recognition with younger audiences . The recording was one of the first albums of outlaw country -- a new subgenre of country music and an alternative to the conservative restrictions of the Nashville sound , the dominant style in the genre at the time .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "It's_a_Long_Story:_My_Life", "score": 0.5669666528701782, "text": "It 's A Long Story : My Life is a 2015 autobiography by Country music singer-songwriter Willie Nelson co-authored with David Ritz .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "The_Facts_of_Life:_And_Other_Dirty_Jokes", "score": 0.5590937733650208, "text": "The Facts of Life : And Other Dirty Jokes is a memoir written by American country music singer-songwriter Willie Nelson , published by Random House .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Honkytonk_University", "score": 0.5582596063613892, "text": "Honkytonk University is the ninth studio album by country music singer Toby Keith , released in 2005 . The album has been certified 2 × Multi-Platinum for sales of in excess of 2 million units . `` Honkytonk U '' was the first single to be released from the album , breaking the country top 10 . `` As Good as I Once Was '' was the album 's biggest hit , topping the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts for six weeks . It was his last studio album for Dreamworks Records before DreamWorks closed its country division .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "...And_Then_I_Wrote", "score": 0.5566871762275696, "text": "... And Then I Wrote is the debut album by country singer Willie Nelson , recorded during August and September 1962 and released through Liberty Records . Despite Nelson 's fruitless efforts to succeed with his recording releases with D Records , and after trying with other labels as a singer , he sold several of his original written songs to other artists . After his composition `` Family Bible '' became a hit for Claude Gray in 1960 , he moved to Nashville , where he was signed by Pamper Music as a songwriter . Several of his songs became hits for other artists , including Faron Young ( `` Hello Walls '' ) ; Ray Price ( `` Night Life '' ) and Patsy Cline ( `` Crazy '' ) . Fueled by the success of his songwriting , he was signed by Liberty Records . During August , Nelson started recording his first album , produced by Joe Allison . The single releases of the album `` Touch Me '' and `` The Part Where I Cry '' were recorded on that day in Nashville , Tennessee , while it was completed during September in the recording facilities of the label in Los Angeles , California . The single `` Touch Me '' became Nelson 's second top ten , reaching number 7 on Billboard 's Hot Country Singles .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "The_Words_Don't_Fit_the_Picture", "score": 0.5555974245071411, "text": "The Words Do n't Fit the Picture is a 1972 album by country singer Willie Nelson . It was drawn from his final sessions for RCA in Nashville before restarting his life and career in Texas . The album cover portends the impending stylistic change - flanked by his wife , Connie and his producer Felton Jarvis , dressed as a chauffeur , Nelson poses in front of a Rolls-Royce in full-freak cowboy regalia , battered guitar case in tow .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Willie_Nelson_filmography", "score": 0.5553126335144043, "text": "Country music singer Willie Nelson , besides a varied musical career , has appeared in many films since his debut in The Electric Horseman ( 1979 ) . His highlights include Barbarosa , Honeysuckle Rose and the film version of his album Red Headed Stranger .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Humboldt_College", "score": 0.5548709630966187, "text": "Humboldt College was an institution of higher learning in Humboldt , Iowa from 1872 until it closed in 1916 . Only three people ever obtained degrees from Humboldt College .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Willie_Nelson", "score": 0.554787814617157, "text": "This is a list of awards and nominations received by Willie Nelson . Willie Nelson is a country music star whose critical success with the albums Shotgun Willie , Phases and Stages , and the commercial success of Red Headed Stranger and Stardust made him one of the most recognized artists in country music .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Willie_Nelson_Biodiesel", "score": 0.5523892045021057, "text": "Willie Nelson Biodiesel is an American company started by singer-songwriter Willie Nelson , that produces biofuel under the brand name BioWillie . Nelson became interested in biofuels in 2004 after his wife bought a diesel car , which she fueled only with biodiesel . They were impressed by the efficiency and performance of the biofuels and their potential to end the dependence of the United States on foreign oil sources , as well as to provide the family farmers with work to produce it . The same year , he and his wife became partners with Bob and Kelly King in the building of two Biodiesel plants , one in Salem , Oregon and the other at Carl 's Corner , Texas . Due to the high requirements of the brand , the availability of the fuel declined . In 2012 , Nelson and Pacific Biodisel reached an agreement for the production of the fuel . Starting during Nelson 's birthday , on April 30 , the company made available a retail pump containing BioWillie in Maui .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "The_Party's_Over_and_Other_Great_Willie_Nelson_Songs", "score": 0.5517356395721436, "text": "The Party 's Over and Other Great Willie Nelson Songs is the sixth studio album by country singer Willie Nelson .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "No_Place_For_Me", "score": 0.5495248436927795, "text": "`` No Place for Me '' was the debut recording song of country singer-songwriter Willie Nelson . Nelson recorded the song while working as a disk jockey at KVAN in Vancouver , Washington , using a studio of the radio . Through a DJ he met during his time working on the radio in Texas , he contacted Starday Records , sending the tapes over to the label . Starday Records pressed for Nelson 500 copies of the single , issued under the custom label `` Willie Nelson Records '' . The company initially reserved the rights for re-publications under the Starday label , but decided later not to exercise the right . Nelson sold the record over his radio show The Western Express , a final total of 3,000 units .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
119264
Malcolm Young was the co-founder of Australian hard rock band AC/DC.
[ { "id": "Malcolm_Young", "score": 0.828603982925415, "text": "Malcolm Mitchell Young ( born 6 January 1953 ) is an Australian retired musician and songwriter , best known as a co-founder , rhythm guitarist , backing vocalist and songwriter for the hard rock band AC/DC . Except for a brief absence in 1988 , he was with the band from its November 1973 beginning until retiring permanently in 2014 , due to health reasons . Young and the other members of AC/DC were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003 . Though his younger brother Angus is the more visible of the brothers , Malcolm has been described as the driving force and the leader of the band . He also added that despite his retirement from the band , AC/DC was determined to continue making music with his blessing . As the rhythm guitarist , he was responsible for the broad sweep of the band 's sound , developing many of their guitar riffs and co-writing the band 's material with Angus . He is married to Linda Young and has two children , Cara and Ross . Young took a leave of absence from AC/DC in April 2014 , to receive treatment for dementia . In September 2014 , the band 's management announced that he would be retiring permanently ." } ]
[ { "id": "List_of_AC/DC_band_members", "score": 0.7775055766105652, "text": "AC/DC are an Australian hard rock band formed by guitarist brothers Angus and Malcolm Young in 1973 . Originally featuring vocalist Dave Evans , bassist Larry Van Kriedt and drummer Colin Burgess , after a number of lineup changes the band settled with Bon Scott on vocals , Mark Evans on bass guitar and Phil Rudd on drums , and released five albums ( two limited to Australia ) between 1974 and 1977 . Due to continuing clashes with lead guitarist Angus Young , Evans was later fired from the band shortly after the release of Let There Be Rock , although `` musical differences '' was the official reason given for his departure . Cliff Williams was brought in as his replacement . After another two successful albums and as the band were due to start recording again , Scott died in London on 19 February 1980 due to alcohol poisoning . The band briefly considered quitting , but later chose to carry on and hired Brian Johnson to take Scott 's place as lead vocalist . The group 's first album with Johnson was Back in Black in 1980 , which is now the second best-selling album of all-time after Michael Jackson 's Thriller . After the recording of Flick of the Switch in 1983 , Phil Rudd quietly left the band due to problems with drug and alcohol abuse as well as a confrontation with rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young . Simon Wright joined as Rudd 's replacement , performing on the albums Fly on the Wall ( 1985 ) , Who Made Who ( 1986 ) and Blow Up Your Video ( 1988 ) during his time in the band . He left the band in 1989 , and later explained that he `` began to get complacent about things '' , claiming that he `` needed to expand on -LSB- his -RSB- drumming more '' . He would later join the band Dio . The next drummer to join AC/DC was Chris Slade , who despite being in the band for five years only performed on one studio album , The Razors Edge . In 1994 Slade departed from the band , due to the desire of the Young brothers to return to working with former drummer Rudd , who they said `` demonstrated a ` groove ' more fitting -LSB- to -RSB- their style of rock '' . The lineup of Johnson , A. Young , M. Young , Williams and Rudd remained from 1994 until 2014 , and released the albums Ballbreaker ( 1995 ) , Stiff Upper Lip ( 2000 ) , and Black Ice ( 2008 ) . In April 2014 the band announced that founding member Malcolm Young was ill and would be taking a leave of absence from the band . In June 2014 the band recorded their latest album Rock or Bust with the Young brothers ' nephew Stevie Young as a stand-in rhythm guitarist for his uncle . On 24 September 2014 , it was confirmed that Malcolm Young , who suffers from dementia , had officially departed from the band due to ill health , and would be replaced by Stevie permanently . Shortly thereafter , Rudd was arrested and pleaded guilty to drug charges and threatening to kill a former assistant . After the plea , the band 's official web site changed the listed drummer to Chris Slade who had been replacing him for their 2015 tour . Axl Rose joined as a touring member in April 2016 . Cliff Williams left the band after the Rock or Bust World Tour . The current line up of the band includes Angus Young , Chris Slade and Stevie Young , together with Axl Rose on lead vocals .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "AC/DC", "score": 0.7702360153198242, "text": "AC/DC are an Australian rock band , formed in 1973 by brothers Malcolm and Angus Young . A hard rock/blues rock band , they have also been considered a heavy metal band , although they have always dubbed their music simply `` rock and roll '' . AC/DC underwent several line-up changes before releasing their first album , High Voltage , in 1975 . Membership subsequently stabilised until bassist Mark Evans was replaced by Cliff Williams in 1977 for the album Powerage . Within months of recording the album Highway to Hell , lead singer and co-songwriter Bon Scott died on 19 February 1980 after a night of heavy alcohol consumption . The group considered disbanding , but buoyed by support from Scott 's parents , decided to continue and set about finding a new vocalist . Ex-Geordie singer Brian Johnson was auditioned and selected to replace Scott . Later that year , the band released the new album , Back in Black , which was made as a tribute to Bon Scott . The album launched them to new heights of success and became their all-time best-seller . The band 's next album , For Those About to Rock We Salute You , was their first album to reach number one in the United States . Drummer Phil Rudd was fired in 1983 and replaced by ex-A II Z drummer Simon Wright , who left to join Dio in 1989 . The band experienced a resurgence in the early 1990s with the release of The Razors Edge . Phil Rudd returned in 1994 after Chris Slade , who was with the band from 1989 to 1994 , was asked to leave in favour of him , and contributed to the band 's 1995 album Ballbreaker . Stiff Upper Lip , released in 2000 , was well received by critics . The band 's studio album , Black Ice , released in 2008 , was the second-highest-selling album of that year , and their biggest chart hit since For Those About to Rock , eventually reaching No. 1 on all charts worldwide . The band 's line-up remained the same until 2014 with Malcolm Young 's retirement due to early-onset dementia and Rudd 's legal troubles . In 2016 , Johnson was advised to stop touring on account of worsening hearing loss and Guns N ' Roses frontman Axl Rose stepped in as the band 's vocalist for the remainder of that year 's dates . Long-term bass player Cliff Williams retired from the band at the end of their 2016 Rock Or Bust world tour . AC/DC have sold more than 200 million records worldwide , including 71.5 million albums in the United States , adding them to the list of highest-certified music artists in the United States and the list of best-selling music artists . Back in Black has sold an estimated 50 million units worldwide , making it the second-highest-selling album by any artist -- and the highest-selling album by any band . The album has sold 22 million units in the US , where it is the sixth-highest-selling album of all time . AC/DC ranked fourth on VH1 's list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock '' and were named the seventh `` Greatest Heavy Metal Band of All Time '' by MTV . In 2004 , AC/DC ranked No. 72 on the Rolling Stone list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . Producer Rick Rubin , who wrote an essay on the band for the Rolling Stone list , referred to AC/DC as `` the greatest rock and roll band of all time '' . In 2010 , AC/DC were ranked number 23 in the VH1 list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Angus_Young", "score": 0.7505845427513123, "text": "Angus McKinnon Young ( born 31 March 1955 ) is an Australian guitarist , best known as the co-founder , lead guitarist , songwriter and only remaining original member of the Australian hard rock band AC/DC . He is known for his energetic performances , schoolboy-uniform stage outfits and his own version of Chuck Berry 's duckwalk . Young was ranked 24th in Rolling Stone magazine 's 100 greatest guitarists of all-time list . In 2003 , Young and the other members of AC/DC were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_AC/DC", "score": 0.7309150099754333, "text": "AC/DC are a hard rock band formed in Sydney , Australia in 1973 by brothers Angus and Malcolm Young . Although the band are considered pioneers of heavy metal , its members have always classified their music as `` rock 'n' roll '' . AC/DC underwent several line-up changes before releasing their first album , High Voltage , in 1975 . Membership remained stable until bassist Cliff Williams replaced Mark Evans in 1977 . In 1979 , the band recorded their highly successful album Highway to Hell . Lead singer and co-songwriter Bon Scott died on 19 February 1980 , after a night of heavy alcohol consumption . The group briefly considered disbanding , but soon ex-Geordie singer Brian Johnson was selected as Scott 's replacement . Later that year , the band released their best-selling album , Back in Black . The band 's next album , For Those About to Rock We Salute You , was also highly successful and was their first album to reach number one in the United States . AC/DC declined in popularity soon after the departure of drummer Phil Rudd in 1983 . Poor record sales continued until the release of The Razors Edge in 1990 . Phil Rudd returned in 1994 and contributed to the band 's 1995 album Ballbreaker . Stiff Upper Lip was released in 2000 and was well received by critics . The band 's new album Black Ice was announced in June 2008 and was released on October 20 , 2008 . The album 's first single , `` Rock 'N Roll Train '' , earned AC/DC a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Group or Duo with Vocals . Another Black Ice track , `` War Machine , '' gained AC/DC their first Grammy Award win , for Best Hard Rock Performance . From 1982 to 1991 , AC/DC have received several nominations from awards ceremonies for their music . The American Music Awards nominated the band for Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group . The group received several nominations from the Grammy Awards , including Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance for `` Blow Up Your Video '' in 1989 , and Best Hard Rock Performance for three songs in different years : `` The Razors Edge '' in 1991 , `` Moneytalks '' in 1992 , and `` Highway To Hell '' in 1994 . The band also received the nomination for Best Heavy Metal/Hard Rock Video for `` Thunderstruck '' in 1991 from the MTV Video Music Awards . In 2009 AC/DC received four nominations for their 2008 album Black Ice in the ARIA Music Awards which included Best Rock Album , Highest Selling Album , Best Group and Best Album . They won the awards for Best Rock Album and Highest Selling Album . Overall , AC/DC have received thirteen nominations and have won three awards .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Dirty_Deeds_Done_Dirt_Cheap", "score": 0.7240141034126282, "text": "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap is an album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It was the band 's third LP released in Australia in 1976 but was not internationally released until 1981 , more than one year after Bon Scott 's death . It is considered by many fans as the strongest and most definitive album of the Bon Scott era . All songs were written by Angus Young , Malcolm Young and Bon Scott .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Stevie_Young", "score": 0.7213991284370422, "text": "Stephen Crawford `` Stevie '' Young ( born 11 December 1956 in Glasgow , Scotland ) is a Scottish musician , and the rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist for the Australian hard rock band , AC/DC . He officially joined the band in September 2014 , replacing his uncle , Malcolm Young who retired due to dementia . He had previously filled in for Malcolm on AC/DC 's 1988 U.S. tour . In addition to Malcolm , Stevie is the nephew of Angus Young , George Young and Alex Young , and the son of their eldest brother Stephen Crawford Young ( 1933 -- 1989 ) . He emigrated with his family from Scotland to Sydney , Australia in 1963 . The family settled in Concord , New South Wales .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "If_You_Want_Blood_You've_Got_It", "score": 0.7061909437179565, "text": "If You Want Blood You 've Got it is the first live album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC , originally released in the UK and Europe on 13 October 1978 , in the US on 21 November 1978 , and in Australia on 27 November 1978 . All songs were written by Angus Young , Malcolm Young and Bon Scott . The album was re-released in 1994 on Atco Records and in 2003 as part of the AC/DC Remasters series .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Ballbreaker", "score": 0.7049036622047424, "text": "Ballbreaker is a 1995 album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It was the band 's twelfth internationally released studio album and the thirteenth to be released in Australia . It was re-released in 2005 as part of the AC/DC Remasters series . All songs are written by Malcolm Young ( guitar ) and Angus Young ( guitar ) .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Let_There_Be_Rock_(song)", "score": 0.7030296921730042, "text": "`` Let There Be Rock '' is a song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It is the third and title track of their album Let There Be Rock , released in March 1977 , and was written by Angus Young , Malcolm Young , and Bon Scott . It was also released as a single , with a B-side of `` Problem Child '' , in 1977 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Alexander_Young_(musician)", "score": 0.7009605765342712, "text": "Alexander Young ( 28 December 1938 -- 4 August 1997 ) , also known as George Alexander , was a Scottish singer , songwriter , saxophonist , bassist , guitarist and session musician . He is an elder brother of George Young , the rhythm guitarist and founding member of The Easybeats , as well as Malcolm and Angus Young , founding members of the Australian hard rock band AC/DC , and the younger brother of Stephen Young , the father of Stevie Young , who was also a member of AC/DC .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "High_Voltage_(1975_album)", "score": 0.6963369846343994, "text": "High Voltage is the debut studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC , released only in Australia , on 17 February 1975 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "I'm_a_Rebel_(song)", "score": 0.6859434843063354, "text": "`` I 'm a Rebel '' is a hard rock song written by Alex Young , elder brother of AC/DC guitarists Angus and Malcolm Young . It was recorded before the release of their third album , Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap . Ultimately the track 's anticipation for release , is overwhelming but very highly anticipated .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Rob_Bailey_(musician)", "score": 0.6806357502937317, "text": "Rob Bailey is an Australian musician who was an early bass guitarist with the hard rock band AC/DC . He joined the group in April 1974 , with Malcolm Young ( rhythm guitar ) , Angus Young ( lead guitar ) , Dave Evans ( lead vocals ) and Peter Clack ( drums ) . Bailey left in January 1975 .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Jailbreak_(AC/DC_song)", "score": 0.6793118715286255, "text": "`` Jailbreak '' is a song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It is the ninth and final track of their third Australian album Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap , released in September 1976 . The song was not released in North America until 1984 . It was written by Angus Young , Malcolm Young , and Bon Scott .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Rock_or_Bust_(song)", "score": 0.6751284599304199, "text": "`` Rock or Bust '' is the second single and first track from the album of the same name by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It was written by Angus Young and Malcolm Young . It was released for downloads on 17 November 2014 , as a follow-up for the band 's first officially released single from the album titled `` Play Ball '' . AC/DC drummer Phil Rudd was absent from the video shoot for the single , and was replaced by Welshman Bob Richards , who had previously played with Man , Adrian Smith , Asia and Shogun .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Larry_Van_Kriedt", "score": 0.672507643699646, "text": "Larry Van Kriedt ( born c. 1954 ) was the first bassist with rock band AC/DC . He was recruited at the time of the group 's formation in 1973 , joining Malcolm Young ( rhythm guitar ) , Angus Young ( lead guitar ) , Dave Evans ( lead vocals ) and Colin Burgess ( drums ) . Van Kriedt also played occasional saxophone .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "High_Voltage_(song)", "score": 0.6718884110450745, "text": "Not to be confused with Danger ! High Voltage `` High Voltage '' is a song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It was first released in Australia as a single in July 1975 , and it is the eighth track of their second Australian album T.N.T. . The song was written by Angus Young , Malcolm Young and Bon Scott , and peaked at # 48 on the UK Singles Chart in 1980 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Blow_Up_Your_Video", "score": 0.6708746552467346, "text": "Blow Up Your Video is an album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It was the band 's tenth internationally released studio album and the eleventh to be released in Australia . First released in Europe and Australia on 18 January 1988 , it was later released in the US on 1 February 1988 . The album was recorded at the Miraval Studio in Le Val , France , in between August and September 1987 with all songs written by Malcolm Young ( guitar ) , Angus Young ( guitar ) and Brian Johnson ( vocals ) The album was re-released in 2003 as part of the AC/DC Remasters series .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Fly_on_the_Wall_(AC/DC_album)", "score": 0.6698227524757385, "text": "Fly on the Wall is an album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It was the band 's ninth internationally released studio album and the tenth to be released in Australia . All songs were written by Angus Young ( guitar ) , Malcolm Young ( guitar ) , and Brian Johnson ( vocals ) . The album was re-released in 2003 as part of the AC/DC Remasters series .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Powerage", "score": 0.6690654754638672, "text": "Powerage is an album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It was the band 's fourth internationally released studio album and the fifth to be released in Australia . It was also the first AC/DC album to feature Cliff Williams on bass . All songs were written by Angus Young , Malcolm Young and Bon Scott . Powerage was re-released in 2003 as part of the AC/DC Remasters series .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
77712
Newfoundland and Labrador is the most linguistically homogeneous of Canada.
[ { "id": "Newfoundland_and_Labrador", "score": 0.833513081073761, "text": "Newfoundland and Labrador ( -LSB- uːfənˈlænd_ən_ˈlæbrədɔːr -RSB- , Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador Akamassiss Newfoundland Irish : Talamh an Éisc agus Labradar ) is the most easterly province of Canada . Situated in the country 's Atlantic region , it comprises the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador to the northwest , with a combined area of 405212 km2 . In 2013 , the province 's population was estimated at 526,702 . About 92 % of the province 's population lives on the island of Newfoundland ( and its neighbouring smaller islands ) , of whom more than half live on the Avalon Peninsula . The province is Canada 's most linguistically homogeneous , with 97.6 % of residents reporting English ( Newfoundland English ) as their mother tongue in the 2006 census . Historically , Newfoundland was also home to unique varieties of French and Irish , as well as the extinct Beothuk language . In Labrador , local dialects of Innu-aimun and Inuktitut are also spoken . Newfoundland and Labrador 's capital and largest city , St. John 's , is Canada 's 20th-largest census metropolitan area and is home to almost 40 percent of the province 's population . St. John 's is the seat of government , home to the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the highest court in the jurisdiction , the Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal . A former colony and then dominion of the United Kingdom , Newfoundland gave up its independence in 1933 , following significant economic distress caused by the Great Depression and the aftermath of Newfoundland 's participation in World War I . It became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation on March 31 , 1949 , as `` Newfoundland . '' On December 6 , 2001 , an amendment was made to the Constitution of Canada to change the province 's official name to Newfoundland and Labrador ." } ]
[ { "id": "Newfoundland_(island)", "score": 0.7839187383651733, "text": "Newfoundland ( -LSB- njuːfənˈlænd -RSB- ; Terranova , Terre-Neuve , Taqamkuk , Irish : Talamh an Éisc , Inuttitut : Kallunasillik / Ikkarumikluak ) is a large Canadian island off the east coast of the North American mainland , and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . It has 29 percent of the province 's land area . The island is separated from the Labrador Peninsula by the Strait of Belle Isle and from Cape Breton Island by the Cabot Strait . It blocks the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River , creating the Gulf of Saint Lawrence , the world 's largest estuary . Newfoundland 's nearest neighbour is the French overseas community of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon . With an area of 108860 km2 , Newfoundland is the world 's 16th-largest island , Canada 's fourth-largest island , and the largest Canadian island outside the North . The provincial capital , St. John 's , is located on the southeastern coast of the island ; Cape Spear , just south of the capital , is the easternmost point of North America , excluding Greenland . It is common to consider all directly neighbouring islands such as New World , Twillingate , Fogo and Bell Island to be ` part of Newfoundland ' ( as distinct from Labrador ) . By that classification , Newfoundland and its associated small islands have a total area of 111390 km2 . According to 2006 official Census Canada statistics , 57 % of responding Newfoundland and Labradorians claim British or Irish ancestry , with 43.2 % claiming at least one English parent , 21.5 % at least one Irish parent , and 7 % at least one parent of Scottish origin . Additionally 6.1 % claimed at least one parent of French ancestry . The island 's total population as of the 2006 census was 479,105 .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Demographics_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador", "score": 0.7642590403556824, "text": "Newfoundland and Labrador ( -LSB- ˈnjuːfəndlænd_ənd_læbrəˈdɔr -RSB- Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador , Talamh an Éisc agus Labradar , Terra Nova ) is a province of Canada on the country 's Atlantic coast in northeastern North America . The province has an area of 405212 km2 and a population in 2011 of 514,563 , with approximately 95 % of the provincial population residing on the Island of Newfoundland ( including its associated smaller islands ) , with nearly half of the population residing on the Avalon Peninsula . People from Newfoundland and Labrador are called `` Newfoundlanders , '' `` Labradorians '' ( as appropriate ) , or `` Newfoundlanders and Labradorians '' .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Symbols_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador", "score": 0.7593136429786682, "text": "Newfoundland and Labrador is one of Canada 's provinces , and has established several official symbols .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Geography_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador", "score": 0.7365049123764038, "text": "Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province in Canada . The Strait of Belle Isle separates the province into two geographical divisions , Labrador and the island of Newfoundland . The province also includes over seven thousand small islands . Labrador is the easternmost part of the Canadian Shield , a vast area of ancient metamorphic rock comprising much of northeastern North America . Colliding tectonic plates have shaped much of the geology of Newfoundland . Gros Morne National Park has a reputation of being an outstanding example of tectonics at work , and as such has been designated a World Heritage Site . The Long Range Mountains on Newfoundland 's west coast are the northeasternmost extension of the Appalachian Mountains . The fauna of Labrador is typical of that of similar areas of North America while the island of Newfoundland has considerably fewer mammals and no native amphibians . The north-south extent of the province ( 46 ° 36 'N to 60 ° 22 ` N ) , prevalent westerly winds , cold ocean currents and local factors such as mountains and coastline combine to create the various climates of the province . Northern Labrador is classified as a polar tundra climate , southern Labrador is considered to be a subarctic climate while most of Newfoundland would be considered to be a cool summer subtype of a humid continental climate . The provincial capital is St. John 's , located at the extreme eastern edge of the island on the Avalon Peninsula . About half of the province 's economy is based on its abundant natural resources , notably petroleum , minerals , forestry and the fishery .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Labrador", "score": 0.7321094274520874, "text": "Labrador -LSB- ˈlæbrədɔːr -RSB- is the distinct northerly region of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . It comprises the mainland portion of the province , separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle . It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in Atlantic Canada . Labrador occupies the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula . It is bordered to the west and the south by the Canadian province of Quebec . Labrador also shares a small land border with the Canadian territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island . Though Labrador covers 71 percent of the province 's land area , it has only 8 percent of the province 's population . The aboriginal peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut , the Southern Inuit-Métis of Nunatukavut ( NunatuKavut ) , and the Innu . Many of the non-aboriginal population in Labrador did not permanently settle in Labrador until the natural resource developments of the 1940s and 1950s . Before the 1950s , very few non-aboriginal people lived in Labrador year-round . The few European immigrants who worked seasonally for foreign merchants and brought their families were known as Settlers .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Music_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador", "score": 0.7163710594177246, "text": "Newfoundland and Labrador is an Atlantic Canadian province with a folk musical heritage based on the Irish , English and Cornish traditions that were brought to its shores centuries ago . Though similar in its Celtic influence to neighbouring Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island , Newfoundland and Labrador is more Irish than Scottish , and has more elements imported from English and Cornish music than those provinces . Newfoundland music , while quite obviously Celtic and seafaring in its orientation , is in some cases quite easily identifiable as being specific to Newfoundland . Much of the region 's music focuses on the strong seafaring tradition in the area , and includes sea shanties and other sailing songs . Some modern traditional musicians include Great Big Sea , The Ennis Sisters , Shanneyganock , and Ron Hynes .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Newfoundland_English", "score": 0.7066344022750854, "text": "Newfoundland English is a name for several accents and dialects of English found in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador . Most of these differ substantially from the English commonly spoken elsewhere in Canada and the North Atlantic . Many Newfoundland dialects are similar to the West Country dialects of the West Country in England , particularly the city of Bristol and counties Cornwall , Devon , Dorset , Hampshire and Somerset , while others resemble dialects of Ireland 's southeast , particularly Waterford , Wexford , Kilkenny and Cork . Still others blend elements of both and there is also a Scottish influence on the dialects -- while the Scottish came in smaller numbers than the English and Irish , they had a large influence on Newfoundland society . One estimate claims 80 to 85 percent of Newfoundland 's English heritage came from the southwest of the country . The dialects that compose Newfoundland English developed because of Newfoundland 's history as well as its geography . Newfoundland was one of the first areas settled by England in North America , beginning in small numbers in the early 17th century before peaking in the early 19th century . Newfoundland was a British colony until 1907 when it became an independent Dominion within the British Empire . It became a part of Canada in 1949 . Newfoundland is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean , separated by the Strait of Belle Isle from Labrador , the sparsely populated mainland part of the province . Most of the population remained rather isolated on the island , allowing the dialects time to develop independently of those on the North American continent . Today , some words from Newfoundland English have been adopted through popular culture in other places in Canada ( especially Ontario and eastward ) . Historically , Newfoundland English was first recognized as a separate dialect by the late 18th century when George Cartwright published a glossary of Newfoundland words .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "List_of_municipalities_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador", "score": 0.7054364681243896, "text": "Newfoundland and Labrador is the ninth-most populous province in Canada with 519,716 residents as of 2016 and is the seventh-largest in land area at 370514 km2 . Newfoundland and Labrador has 271 municipalities including 3 cities and 268 towns , which cover only of the territory 's land mass but are home to of its population . Towns are created by the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador in accordance with the Municipalities Act , 1999 , whereas the three cities were incorporated under the City of Corner Brook Act , the City of Mount Pearl Act and the City of St. John 's Act . These acts grant the power to enact local bylaws and the responsibility to provide local government services . St. John 's is Newfoundland and Labrador 's capital and largest municipality by population with 108,860 residents and land area with 445.88 km2 . Tilt Cove is its smallest municipality by population with five residents , and Brent 's Cove is the smallest municipality by land area with 1.02 km2 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_census_divisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador", "score": 0.7032256722450256, "text": "The Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador is divided into 11 Census divisions which are numbered 1 through 11 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Quebec", "score": 0.7022928595542908, "text": "Quebec ( pronounced -LSB- audio = En-Quebec . ogvkwᵻˈbɛk -RSB- or -LSB- kəˈbɛk -RSB- Québec -LSB- kebɛk -RSB- ) is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario , James Bay , and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the US states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Quebec is Canada 's second-most populous province , after Ontario . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-season continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but further north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions . Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas . Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province . Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995 ; both were voted down by voters , the latter defeated by a very narrow margin . In 2006 , the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the `` Québécois as a nation within a united Canada . '' While the province 's substantial natural resources have long been the mainstay of its economy , sectors of the knowledge economy such as aerospace , information and communication technologies , biotechnology , and the pharmaceutical industry also play leading roles . These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada , second only to Ontario in economic output .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Geography_of_Quebec", "score": 0.6985441446304321, "text": "Quebec , Canada 's largest province , occupies a vast territory ( nearly three times the size of France ) , most of which is very sparsely populated . More than 90 percent of Quebec 's area lies within the Canadian Shield , and includes the greater part of the Labrador Peninsula . Quebec 's highest mountain is Mont D'Iberville , which is located on the border with Newfoundland and Labrador in the northeastern part of the province in the Torngat Mountains . The addition of parts of the vast and scarcely populated District of Ungava of the Northwest Territories between 1898 and 1912 gave the province its current form . Quebec is bordered by the province of Ontario , James Bay and Hudson Bay ( including the circular Nastapoka arc ) to the west , the provinces of New Brunswick and Newfoundland and Labrador to the east , the United States ( Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont and New York ) to the south , and Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay to the north . Its northernmost point is Cape Wolstenholme . In 1927 , the border between the Province of Quebec and the Dominion of Newfoundland was delineated by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council . The government of Quebec does not officially recognize this boundary . See The Labrador boundary dispute . The territory of Quebec is extremely rich in resources in its coniferous forests , lakes , and rivers -- pulp and paper , lumber , and hydroelectricity are still some of the province 's most important industries . The far north of the province , Nunavik , is subarctic or arctic and is mostly inhabited by Inuit . The most populous region is the Saint Lawrence River valley in the south , where the capital , Quebec City , and the largest city , Montreal , are situated . North of Montreal are the Laurentians , a range of ancient mountains , and to the east are the Appalachian Mountains which extends into the Eastern Townships and Gaspésie regions . The Gaspé Peninsula juts into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the East . The Saint Lawrence River Valley is a fertile agricultural region , producing dairy products , fruit , vegetables , maple sugar ( Quebec is the world 's largest producer ) , and livestock . In 1899 , the United States claimed Fox Island under the Guano Islands Act of 1856 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Labrador_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.69674152135849, "text": "Labrador is the mainland part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . This name can also refer to :", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Labrador,_Pangasinan", "score": 0.6904182434082031, "text": "Labrador is a in the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Dominion_of_Newfoundland", "score": 0.6901490688323975, "text": "Newfoundland was a British dominion from 1907 to 1949 . The dominion was situated in northeastern North America along the Atlantic coast and comprised the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the continental mainland . Before attaining dominion status , Newfoundland was a British colony , self-governing from 1855 . Newfoundland was one of the original `` dominions '' within the meaning of the Statute of Westminster of 1931 and accordingly enjoyed a constitutional status equivalent to the other dominions at the time . In 1934 , Newfoundland became the only dominion to give up its self-governing status , ending 79 years of self-government . This episode was precipitated by a crisis in Newfoundland 's public finances in 1932 . Newfoundland had accumulated a significant amount of debt by building a railroad across the island and raising its own regiment for the First World War . In November of that year , the government warned that Newfoundland would default on payments on the public debt . The United Kingdom government quickly established the Newfoundland Royal Commission to inquire and report on the position . The Commission 's report was published in October 1933 . It recommended that Newfoundland give up its system of self-government temporarily , and allow the United Kingdom to administer the dominion through an appointed commission . The Newfoundland parliament accepted this recommendation and presented a petition to the King asking for the suspension of the constitution and the appointment of commissioners to administer the government until the country became self-supporting again . To enable compliance with this request , the United Kingdom Parliament passed the Newfoundland Act 1933 , and on 16 February 1934 , the UK government appointed six commissioners , three from Newfoundland and three from the UK , with the Governor as chairman . The dominion was never to be self-governing again . The system of a six-member Commission of Government continued to govern Newfoundland until it joined Canada in 1949 to become Canada 's tenth province .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Canada", "score": 0.6863968372344971, "text": "Canada ( -LSB- ˈkænədə -RSB- -LSB- kanadɑ -RSB- ) is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 e6km2 , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area . Canada 's border with the United States is the world 's longest binational land border . The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate , but southerly areas are warm in summer . Canada is sparsely populated , the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains . It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , many near the southern border . One third of the population lives in the three largest cities : Toronto , Montreal and Vancouver . Its capital is Ottawa , and other major urban areas include Calgary , Edmonton , Quebec City , Winnipeg and Hamilton . Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French claims were made on the area , with the colony of Canada first being established by the French in 1535 during Jacques Cartier 's second voyage to New France . As a consequence of various conflicts , Great Britain gained and lost territories within British North America until it was left , in the late 18th century , with what mostly geographically comprises Canada today . Pursuant to the British North America Act , on July 1 , 1867 , the colonies of Canada , New Brunswick , and Nova Scotia joined to form the semi-autonomous federal Dominion of Canada . This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada . In 1931 , Canada achieved near total independence from the United Kingdom with the Statute of Westminster 1931 , but at the time , Canada decided to allow the British Parliament to temporarily retain the power to amend Canada 's constitution , on request from the Parliament of Canada . With the Constitution Act 1982 , Canada took over that authority ( as the conclusion of Patriation ) , removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom , giving the country full sovereignty . Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state . The country is officially bilingual at the federal level . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries . Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world , relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks . Canada 's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture . Canada is a developed country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index . It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency , civil liberties , quality of life , economic freedom , and education . Canada is a Commonwealth realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations , a member of the Francophonie , and part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , the G8 , the Group of Ten , the G20 , the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Irish_Newfoundlanders", "score": 0.6853855848312378, "text": "In modern Newfoundland ( Talamh an Éisc ) , many Newfoundlanders are of Irish descent . According to the Statistics Canada 2006 census , 21.5 % of Newfoundlanders claim Irish ancestry ( other major groups in the province include 43.2 % English , 7 % Scottish , and 6.1 % French ) . The family names , the features and colouring , the predominance of Catholics in some areas ( particularly on the southeast portion of the Avalon Peninsula ) , the prevalence of Irish music , even the accents of the people in these areas , are so reminiscent of rural Ireland that Irish author Tim Pat Coogan has described Newfoundland as `` the most Irish place in the world outside of Ireland '' . Newfoundland has been called `` the other Ireland '' .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Language_demographics_of_Quebec", "score": 0.6845616102218628, "text": "This article presents the current language demographics of the Canadian province of Quebec .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Index_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador-related_articles", "score": 0.6826955676078796, "text": "Articles related to the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador include :", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador", "score": 0.6803461313247681, "text": "Canadian federal elections have provided the following results in Newfoundland and Labrador .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Newfoundland_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6782493591308594, "text": "Newfoundland was a province of Canada from 1949 to 2001 , now known as Newfoundland and Labrador . Newfoundland may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
184132
Furia is adapted from a short story by Anna Politkovskaya.
[ { "id": "Furia_(film)", "score": 0.6492344737052917, "text": "Furia is a 1999 French romantic drama film directed by Alexandre Aja , who co-wrote screenplay with Grégory Levasseur , adapted from the science fiction short story `` Graffiti '' by Julio Cortázar . It stars Stanislas Merhar and Marion Cotillard ." } ]
[ { "id": "Las_furias", "score": 0.6163796186447144, "text": "Las Furias is a 1960 Argentine film adapted from a play of the same name . It is the first Argentine sound film directed by a woman , Vlasta Lah , who came up as an assistant director . The furies of the title are four women who live together in a house they can barely keep and who are in constant battle with each other . In a departure from its theatrical origin , the start of the film devotes ten minutes of pure to each woman , which is then developed in other scenes .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Eleonora_(short_story)", "score": 0.6088638305664062, "text": "`` Eleonora '' is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe , first published in 1842 in Philadelphia in the literary annual The Gift . It is often regarded as somewhat autobiographical and has a relatively `` happy '' ending .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Grisha_(short_story)", "score": 0.6063146591186523, "text": "`` Grisha '' is a 1886 short story by Anton Chekhov .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "The_Queen_of_Spades_(1982_film)", "score": 0.6004713177680969, "text": "The Queen of Spades ( -LSB- Пиковая дама , Pikovaya dama -RSB- ) is a 1982 film adaptation of the Aleksandr Pushkin short story of the same name . Film is verbatim ( including epigraphs ) screening of Pushkin 's story .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Anyuta_(short_story)", "score": 0.6003981828689575, "text": "`` Anyuta '' is a 1886 short story by Anton Chekhov .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Morella_(short_story)", "score": 0.5967783331871033, "text": "`` Morella '' is a short story in the Gothic horror genre by 19th-century American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Carmilla", "score": 0.5925356149673462, "text": "Carmilla is a Gothic novella by Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu and one of the early works of vampire fiction , predating Bram Stoker 's Dracula ( 1897 ) by 26 years . First published as a serial in The Dark Blue ( 1871 -- 72 ) , the story is narrated by a young woman preyed upon by a female vampire named Carmilla , later revealed to be Mircalla , Countess Karnstein ( Carmilla is an anagram of Mircalla ) . The story is often anthologized and has been adapted many times in film and other media .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "The_Shot_(Pushkin)", "score": 0.5922278165817261, "text": "`` The Shot '' is a short story by Aleksandr Pushkin published in 1831 . It is the first of five tales in Pushkin 's The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin , a cycle of five short stories . The Shot details events at a military outpost in a Russian province , and then several years later , on a country estate . Pushkin discusses themes of honor , revenge and death , and places them within the broader context of Russian society . The Shot tells the story of a retired soldier named Silvio , who harbors a grudge for many years following an argument in which he was disrespected in front of his peers . Told from the perspective of an unnamed narrator , the story concludes with Silvio returning to seek his revenge against the man who wronged him , the Count . Pushkin 's inspiration for The Shot was a combination of his own personal experience , as well as the works of his peers . Pushkin himself noted that Silvio 's character was influenced by the writing of a fellow Russian , Alexander Bestuzhev . Although a shorter work , The Shot served as an influence to later Russian literature , including Fyodor Dostoyevsky 's Notes from Underground . This story continues to remain popular and relevant for modern readers . It gives readers insight into 19th century Russian society , and the air of mystery surrounding Silvio serve to attract and retain readers .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "At_the_Cadian_Ball", "score": 0.5899474024772644, "text": "`` At the ` Cadian Ball , '' written by Kate Chopin in 1892 , was the less popular prequel to her short story `` The Storm . '' A distinctive feature of the short story is the use of local color .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "The_Queen_of_Spades_(story)", "score": 0.5893511772155762, "text": "`` The Queen of Spades '' ( Пиковая дама translit . Pikovaya dama ) is a short story with supernatural elements by Alexander Pushkin about human avarice . Pushkin wrote the story in autumn 1833 in Boldino and it was first published in the literary magazine Biblioteka dlya chteniya in March 1834 . The story was the basis of the operas The Queen of Spades ( 1890 ) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , La dame de pique ( 1850 ) by Fromental Halévy and Pique Dame ( 1864 ) by Franz von Suppé ( the overture to the Suppé work is all that remains in today 's repertoire ) . It has been filmed various times .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story", "score": 0.5883719325065613, "text": "The Hugo Award for Best Short Story is one of the Hugo Awards given each year for science fiction or fantasy stories published in English or translated into English during the previous calendar year . The short story award is available for works of fiction of fewer than 7,500 words ; awards are also given out for pieces of longer lengths in the novelette , novella , and novel categories . The Hugo Award for Best Short Story has been awarded annually since 1955 , except in 1957 . The award was titled `` Best Short Fiction '' rather than `` Best Short Story '' in 1960 -- 1966 . During this time no Novelette category was awarded and the Novella category had not yet been established ; the award was defined only as a work `` of less than novel length '' that was not published as a stand-alone book . In addition to the regular Hugo awards , beginning in 1996 Retrospective Hugo Awards , or `` Retro Hugos '' , have been available to be awarded for 50 , 75 , or 100 years prior . Retro Hugos may only be awarded for years in which a World Science Fiction Convention , or Worldcon , was hosted , but no awards were originally given . To date , Retro Hugo awards have been given for short stories for 1939 , 1941 , 1946 , 1951 , and 1954 . Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual Worldcon , and the presentation evening constitutes its central event . The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with five nominees , except in the case of a tie . These five short stories on the ballot are the five most-nominated by members that year , with no limit on the number of stories that can be nominated . The 1955 through 1958 awards did not include any recognition of runner-up stories , but since 1959 all five candidates have been recorded . Initial nominations are made by members in January through March , while voting on the ballot of five nominations is performed roughly in April through July , subject to change depending on when that year 's Worldcon is held . Worldcons are generally held near Labor Day , and are held in a different city around the world each year . Members are permitted to vote `` no award '' , if they feel that none of the nominees is deserving of the award that year , and in the case that `` no award '' takes the majority the Hugo is not given in that category . This happened in the Best Short Story category in 2015 . During the 67 nomination years , 177 authors have had works nominated ; 48 of these have won , including co-authors and Retro Hugos . Harlan Ellison has received the most Hugos for Best Short Story at four , Arthur C. Clarke , Larry Niven , Mike Resnick , Michael Swanwick , and Connie Willis have each won three times , and Poul Anderson , Joe Haldeman , and Ken Liu have won twice , the only other authors to win more than once . Resnick has received the most nominations at 18 , while Swanwick has received 14 ; no other author has gotten more than 7 . Michael A. Burstein , with 7 , has the highest number of nominations without winning .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Nevsky_Prospekt_(story)", "score": 0.5851146578788757, "text": "`` Nevsky Prospekt '' is a short story by Nikolai Gogol , written between 1831 and 1834 , and published in 1835 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "List_of_Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Short_Story_winners", "score": 0.5811816453933716, "text": "Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Short Story :", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Malafrena", "score": 0.5787868499755859, "text": "Malafrena is a 1979 novel by Ursula K. Le Guin . Although she is best known for science fiction and fantasy , the only unusual element of this novel is that it takes place in the imaginary Central European country of Orsinia , which is also the setting of her collection Orsinian Tales . In many ways , Malafrena reads like a nineteenth-century novel , with its many detailed characters , its political-movement and love-story subplots , its lack of the supernatural , and its settings that range from the mansions of the aristocracy to slums and a prison . Malafrena is written for an adult audience , as opposed to children and young adults , the target audience of most of Le Guin 's works in the 1979-1994 time frame .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Music_(short_story)", "score": 0.5773247480392456, "text": "`` Music '' is a short story by Russian American author Vladimir Nabokov originally published in Russian in 1932 .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "The_Russian_Concubine", "score": 0.5767533183097839, "text": "The Russian Concubine is a 2007 novel by Kate Furnivall . Ths book is loosely based on the story of Furnivall 's mother Lily , who was a Russian refugee . Set in Russia and China , it is a love story between Lydia Ivanova and Chang An Lo and is followed by a sequel The Concubine 's Secret and a prequel The Jewel of St Petersburg , which is about Lydia 's parents Valentina and Jens .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "White_Nights_(short_story)", "score": 0.574708104133606, "text": "`` White Nights '' ( Белые ночи , Belye nochi ) is a short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky , originally published in 1848 , early in the writer 's career . Like many of Dostoyevsky 's stories , `` White Nights '' is told in first person by a nameless narrator ; the narrator is living in Saint Petersburg and suffers from loneliness . He gets to know and falls in love with a young woman , but the love remains unrequited as the woman misses her lover with whom she is finally reunited . Film adaptations have been made by Italian director Luchino Visconti ( Le notti bianche , 1957 ) , by Russian director Ivan Pyryev ( Belye nochi , 1959 ) , by French director Robert Bresson ( Four Nights of a Dreamer , 1971 ) , by Iranian director Farzad Motamen ( Shabhaye Roshan , 2003 ) , by Indian film directors Manmohan Desai ( Chhalia , 1960 ) , Jananadhan ( Iyarkai , 2003 ) , Shivam Nair ( Ahista Ahista , 2006 ) , Sanjay Leela Bhansali ( Saawariya , 2007 ) , and Razi Muhammed ( Velutha Rathrikal , 2015 ) , by American director James Gray ( Two Lovers , 2008 ) , and by Paul Vecchiali ( Nuits blanches sur la jetée , 2014 ) .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Margarita_Sharapova", "score": 0.5736916065216064, "text": "Margarita Sharapova ( born 15 April 1962 ) is a Russian novelist and short story writer whose tales often draw on her former experience as an animal trainer in a circus .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "The_Masque_of_the_Red_Death_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.5734458565711975, "text": "Edgar Allan Poe 's 1842 short story `` The Masque of the Red Death '' has appeared many times in popular culture .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Sounds_(short_story)", "score": 0.5732884407043457, "text": "Sounds is a short story by Russian American author Vladimir Nabokov originally written in Russian in September 1923 .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
74400
One state of the United States has Russia to its west.
[ { "id": "United_States", "score": 0.7293558120727539, "text": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. ) or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse . At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco . Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States ( OAS ) , and other international organizations . The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations ." } ]
[ { "id": "Wyoming", "score": 0.6907874345779419, "text": "Wyoming -LSB- waɪˈoʊmɪŋ -RSB- is a state in the mountain region of the western United States . The state is the tenth largest by area , the least populous and the second least densely populated state in the country . Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana , on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska , on the south by Colorado , on the southwest by Utah , and on the west by Idaho . Cheyenne is the capital and the most populous city in Wyoming , with a population estimate of 63,335 in 2015 . The state population was estimated at 586,107 in 2015 , which is less than the population of 31 of the largest U.S. cities . The western two-thirds of the state is covered mostly with the mountain ranges and rangelands in the Rocky Mountains , while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High Plains . Almost half of the land in Wyoming is owned by the U.S. government , leading Wyoming to rank sixth in the United States in total acres and fifth in percentage of a state 's land owned by the federal government . The federal lands include two national parksGrand Teton and Yellowstonetwo national recreation areas and two national monuments , as well as several national forests , historic sites , fish hatcheries , and wildlife refuges . The Crow , Arapaho , Lakota , and Shoshone were some of the original inhabitants of the region . Southwestern Wyoming was included in the Spanish Empire and then Mexican territory until it was ceded to the United States in 1848 at the end of the Mexican -- American War . The region acquired the name Wyoming when a bill was introduced to Congress in 1865 to provide a `` temporary government for the territory of Wyoming . '' The territory was named after the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania , with the name ultimately being derived from the Munsee word xwé : wamənk , meaning `` at the big river flat . '' The mineral-extraction industryespecially coal , oil , natural gas , and tronaalong with the travel and tourism sector , are the main drivers behind Wyoming 's economy . Agriculture has historically been an important component of the state economy with the main commodities being livestock ( beef ) , hay , sugar beets , grain ( wheat and barley ) , and wool . The climate is generally semi-arid and continental , being drier and windier in comparison to the rest of the United States , with greater temperature extremes . Except for the 1964 election , Wyoming has been a politically conservative state since the 1950s , with the Republican party winning every presidential election .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Washington_(state)", "score": 0.6882141828536987, "text": "Washington ( -LSB- ˈwɒʃɪŋtən -RSB- ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States located north of Oregon , west of Idaho , and south of the Canadian province of British Columbia on the coast of the Pacific Ocean . Named after George Washington , the first President of the United States , the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory , which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute . It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889 . Olympia is the state capital . Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington , D.C. , the capital of the U.S. , which is often shortened to Washington . Washington is the 18th largest state with an area of 71,362 square miles ( 184,827 sq km ) , and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million people . Approximately 60 percent of Washington 's residents live in the Seattle metropolitan area , the center of transportation , business , and industry along the Puget Sound region of the Salish Sea , an inlet of the Pacific Ocean consisting of numerous islands , deep fjords , and bays carved out by glaciers . The remainder of the state consists of deep temperate rainforests in the west , mountain ranges in the west , central , northeast and far southeast , and a semi-arid basin region in the east , central , and south , given over to intensive agriculture . Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States , after California . Mount Rainier , an active stratovolcano , is the state 's highest elevation at almost 14,411 feet ( 4,392 m ) and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States . Washington is a leading lumber producer . Its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir , hemlock , ponderosa pine , white pine , spruce , larch , and cedar . The state is the biggest producer of apples , hops , pears , red raspberries , spearmint oil , and sweet cherries , and ranks high in the production of apricots , asparagus , dry edible peas , grapes , lentils , peppermint oil , and potatoes . Livestock and livestock products make important contributions to total farm revenue , and the commercial fishing of salmon , halibut , and bottomfish makes a significant contribution to the state 's economy . Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles , shipbuilding and other transportation equipment , lumber , food processing , metals and metal products , chemicals , and machinery . Washington has over 1,000 dams , including the Grand Coulee Dam , built for a variety of purposes including irrigation , power , flood control , and water storage .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic", "score": 0.6868281364440918, "text": "The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR or RSFSR ; -LSB- Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика , r = Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika -RSB- ) , also known as the Russian Federation ( -LSB- Росси́йская Федера́ция , r = Rossijskaja Federacija , p = rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə -RSB- ) , and commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or Russia ( -LSB- ˈrʌʃə -RSB- -LSB- Росси́я , Rossija , rɐˈsʲijə -RSB- from the Ρωσία -- Rus ' ) , was a sovereign state from 1917 to 1922 , and afterwards the largest , most populous , and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991 and then a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990 -- 91 . The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics , five autonomous oblasts , ten autonomous okrugs , six krais , and forty oblasts . Russians formed the largest ethnic group . The capital of the Russian SFSR was Moscow and the other major urban centers included Leningrad , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod and Samara . The Russian Soviet Republic was proclaimed on November 7 , 1917 ( October Revolution ) as a sovereign state and the world 's first constitutionally socialist state with the ideology of Communism . The first Constitution was adopted in 1918 . In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR . The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized , accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR . It was , by 1961 , the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia , trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia . In 1974 , there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students . A network of territorially organized public-health services provided health care . After 1985 , the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy , which had become stagnant since the late 1970s , with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives . The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990 . On June 12 , 1990 , the Congress of People 's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty . On June 12 , 1991 , Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President . On December 8 , 1991 , heads of Russia , Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords . The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states ( i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR ) and established the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) . On December 12 , the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament , therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia 's independence from the USSR . On December 25 , 1991 , following the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev as president of the Soviet Union , the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation re-establishing the sovereign state . On December 26 , 1991 , the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities , which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet ( the other house , Soviet of the Union , had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics ) . After dissolution of the USSR , Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government , including UN membership . The new Russian constitution , adopted on December 12 , 1993 after a constitutional crisis , abolished the Soviet system of government in its entirety .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "U.S._state", "score": 0.6857805848121643, "text": "A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America . There are 50 states , which are bound together in a union with each other . Each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory , and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government . Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government , Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside . State citizenship and residency are flexible , and no government approval is required to move between states , except for persons covered by certain types of court orders ( e.g. , paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody ) . States range in population from just under 600,000 ( Wyoming ) to over 39 million ( California ) , and in area from 1214 sqmi ( Rhode Island ) to 663268 sqmi ( Alaska ) . Four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names . States are divided into counties or county-equivalents , which may be assigned some local governmental authority but are not sovereign . County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state . State governments are allocated power by the people ( of each respective state ) through their individual constitutions . All are grounded in republican principles , and each provides for a government , consisting of three branches : executive , legislative , and judicial . States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution ; among them ratifying constitutional amendments . Historically , the tasks of local law enforcement , public education , public health , regulating intrastate commerce , and local transportation and infrastructure have generally been considered primarily state responsibilities , although all of these now have significant federal funding and regulation as well . Over time , the U.S. Constitution has been amended , and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed . The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation , with the federal government playing a much larger role than it once did . There is a continuing debate over states ' rights , which concerns the extent and nature of the states ' powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government and the rights of individuals . States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress , a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives . Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators , and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House . Representatives are elected from single-member districts ; seats in the House are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census . Each state is also entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the Electoral College , the body that elects the President of the United States , equal to the total of representatives and senators from that state . The Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union . Since the establishment of the United States in 1776 , the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50 . Alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted , both in 1959 . The Constitution is silent on the question of whether states have the power to secede ( withdraw ) from the Union . Shortly after the Civil War , the U.S. Supreme Court , in Texas v. White , held that a state can not unilaterally do so .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Russia–United_States_relations", "score": 0.6830562949180603, "text": "Russia -- United States relations is the bilateral relationship between the United States and the Russian Federation , the successor state to the Soviet Union . Russia and the United States maintain diplomatic and trade relations . The relationship was generally warm under Russia 's President Boris Yeltsin ( 1991 -- 1999 ) until the NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the spring of 1999 , and has since deteriorated significantly under Vladimir Putin . In 2014 , relations greatly strained due to the crisis in Ukraine , Russia 's annexation of Crimea , and , in 2015 , by sharp differences regarding Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War . Mutual sanctions imposed in 2014 remain in place .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Western_United_States", "score": 0.6822400689125061, "text": "The Western United States , commonly referred to as the American West , the Far West , or simply the West , traditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States . Because European settlement in the U.S. expanded westward after its founding , the meaning of the West has evolved over time . Prior to about 1800 , the crest of the Appalachian Mountains was seen as the western frontier . Since then , the frontier generally moved westward and eventually lands west of the Mississippi River came to be referred to as the West . Though no consensus exists , even among experts , for the definition of the West as a region , the U.S. Census Bureau 's definition of the 13 westernmost states includes the Rocky Mountains and the Great Basin to the West Coast , and the outlying states of Hawaii and Alaska . The West contains several major biomes . It is known for arid to semi-arid plateaus and plains , particularly in the American Southwest -- forested mountains , including the major ranges of the American Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains -- the massive coastal shoreline of the American Pacific Coast -- and the rainforests of the Pacific Northwest .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Oklahoma", "score": 0.6799685955047607, "text": "Oklahoma ( -LSB- oʊkləˈhoʊmə -RSB- Cherokee : Asgaya gigageyi / ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎩᎦᎨᏱ ; Pawnee : Uukuhuúwa , Cayuga : Gahnawiyoˀgeh ) is a state in the South Central region of the United States . It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States . The state 's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma , meaning `` red people . '' It is also known informally by its nickname , `` The Sooner State , '' in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on the choicest pieces of land before the official opening date and the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 , which opened the door for white settlement in America 's Indian Territory . The name was settled upon statehood . Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged and Indian was dropped from the name . On November 16 , 1907 , Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union . Its residents are known as Oklahomans , '' or informally `` Okies '' , and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City . A major producer of natural gas , oil , and agricultural products , Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation , energy , telecommunications , and biotechnology . In 2007 , it had one of the fastest-growing economies in the United States , ranking among the top states in per capita income growth and gross domestic product growth . Both Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma 's primary economic anchors , with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas . With small mountain ranges , prairie , mesas , and eastern forests , most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains , Cross Timbers , and the U.S. Interior Highlands , a region prone mainly to severe weather . In addition to having a prevalence of English , German , Scottish , Scotch-Irish , and Native American ancestry , more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma , third only to Alaska and California . Oklahoma is on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives , a destination for southern settlers , and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Soviet_Union", "score": 0.6795969605445862, "text": "The Soviet Union ( -LSB- Сове́тский Сою́з , r = Sovetskiy Soyuz -RSB- -LSB- sɐ ` vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs -RSB- ) , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ; Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик , -LSB- sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk -RSB- ) , also known unofficially as Russia ( -LSB- Росси́я , Rossiya , rɐˈsʲijə -RSB- ) , was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple equal national Soviet republics , its government and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects . The country was a one-party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II . In 1922 , the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian , and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin committed the state 's ideology to Marxism -- Leninism ( which he created ) , and initiated a centrally planned economy . As a result , the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . Political paranoia was also fomented around Stalin , and the Great Purge was carried out to remove his opponents from the Communist Party through arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people . Shortly before World War II , Stalin signed the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany , after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939 . In June 1941 , Germany invaded the Soviet Union , opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history . Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad . The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the USSR . The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc which united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955 confronted the Western states which united under NATO in 1949 . Following Stalin 's death in 1953 , a period of political and economic liberalization , known as `` de-Stalinization '' and `` Khrushchev 's Thaw '' , occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev . The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race , with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight . In the 1970s , there was a brief détente of relations with the United States , but tensions resumed with the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979 . In the mid-1980s , the last Soviet leader , Mikhail Gorbachev , sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika . The Cold War ended during his tenure , and in 1989 , Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments . This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well . The government initiated a referendum , boycotted by some Soviet republics , which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation . In August 1991 , an abortive coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners . The Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down the coup . On 25 December 1991 , Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states . The Russian Federation -- formerly the Russian SFSR -- assumed the Soviet Union 's rights and obligations and is recognized as the primary legal successor of the Soviet Union .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Illinois", "score": 0.6788632273674011, "text": "Illinois ( -LSB- ɪlᵻˈnɔɪ -RSB- ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States , achieving statehood in 1818 . It is the 6th-most populous state and 25th-largest state in terms of land area , and is noted as a microcosm of the entire country . The word `` Illinois '' comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word . With Chicago in the northeast , small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois , and natural resources like coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub . The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean , as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway . For decades , O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics . Although today the state 's largest population center is around Chicago in the northern part of the state , the state 's European population grew first in the west , with French Canadian colonists who settled along the Mississippi River in the 17th and 18th century , and gave the area the name , `` Pays des Illinois '' or Illinois Country a region that was known as part of New France . After the American Revolutionary War established the United States , American settlers began arriving crossing the Appalachians barrier range in the 1810s via the gaps of the Allegheny to boat building centers in Pittsburgh , from Cumberland , Maryland via the Cumberland Narrows pass to outfit in Brownsville , Pennsylvania , from North Carolina and Virginia via the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky and Tennessee , all on the Ohio River . With the War of 1812 , the growth of Illinois slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier . After the war 's end , the federal government re-established forts such as Fort Dearborn ( in 1816 -- now the site is within Chicago ) and army patrols west of the Mississippi diminished the threat from Amerindian raids , so settlers were able to move into all of Illinois from the eastern and southern emigrant trails . Mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration -- by the 1810s , the Eastern U.S. had exhausted most timber stands close to the established cities creating a hard felt first energy crisis by the late-1790s , and after 1818 , the industrial revolution was being fueled by new canals such as the Lehigh Canal feeding the furnaces of the rapidly industrializing east coast . Also in 1818 , Illinois achieved statehood and its growth , as yet untroubled by the speed of as yet unrefined railway technology , would be fueled by the new religion of industrialized forward thinking . After construction of the Erie Canal with increasing traffic and trade through the Great Lakes , Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River , at one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan . John Deere 's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois ' rich prairie into some of the world 's most productive and valuable farmlands , attracting new immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden . Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s , and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois , as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets . Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other mid-western states from the tyranny of water transport ; no longer was a location near a river or canal a need to ship bulk goods . By 1900 , the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants , from Eastern and Southern Europe . Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars . The Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago , who created the city 's famous jazz and blues cultures . Three U.S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois : Abraham Lincoln , Ulysses S. Grant , and most recently Barack Obama . Additionally , Ronald Reagan , whose political career was based in California , was the only U.S. president born and raised in Illinois . Today , Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state nickname `` The Land of Lincoln , '' which has been displayed on its license plates since 1954 . The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the state capital of Springfield , and the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be completed in Chicago by 2020 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Montana", "score": 0.678540050983429, "text": "Montana -LSB- mɒnˈtænə -RSB- is a state in the Western region of the United States . The state 's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña ( mountain ) . Montana has several nicknames , although none official , including `` Big Sky Country '' and `` The Treasure State '' , and slogans that include `` Land of the Shining Mountains '' and more recently `` The Last Best Place '' . Montana has a 545 mi border with three Canadian provinces : British Columbia , Alberta , and Saskatchewan , the only state to do so . It also borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east , Wyoming to the south , and Idaho to the west and southwest . Montana is ranked 4th in size , but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States . The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges . Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state . In total , 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains . The eastern half of Montana is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands . The economy is primarily based on agriculture , including ranching and cereal grain farming . Other significant economic activities include oil , gas , coal and hard rock mining , lumber , and the fastest-growing sector , tourism . The health care , service , and government sectors also are significant to the state 's economy . Millions of tourists annually visit Glacier National Park , the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument , and Yellowstone National Park .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Geography_of_Minnesota", "score": 0.6766306757926941, "text": "Minnesota is the most northern state outside of Alaska ; its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods is the only part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th parallel . Minnesota is in the U.S. region known as the Upper Midwest . The state shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and Wisconsin on the northeast ; the remainder of the eastern border is with Wisconsin . Iowa is to the south , North Dakota and South Dakota are west , and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba are north . With 87,014 sqmi , or approximately 2.26 % of the United States , Minnesota is the 12th largest state .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Michigan", "score": 0.6727776527404785, "text": "Michigan -LSB- ˈmɪʃᵻgən -RSB- is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States . The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa , meaning `` large water '' or `` large lake '' . Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States , with the 11th most extensive total area ( the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River ) . I.e. , including water that is part of state territory . Georgia is the largest state by land area east of the Mississippi and Michigan the second-largest . Its capital is Lansing , and its largest city is Detroit . Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas . The Lower Peninsula , to which the name Michigan was originally applied , is often noted to be shaped like a mitten . The Upper Peninsula ( often referred to as `` the U.P. '' ) is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac , a 5 mi channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan . The two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge . The state has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world , being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes , plus Lake Saint Clair . As a result , it is one of the leading U.S. states for recreational boating . Michigan also has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds . A person in the state is never more than 6 mi from a natural water source or more than 85 mi from a Great Lakes shoreline . What is now the state of Michigan was first settled by Native American tribes before being colonized by French explorers in the 17th century and becoming a part of New France . After France 's defeat in the French and Indian War in 1762 the region came under British rule , and was ceded to the newly independent United States after the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War . The area was organized as part of the larger Northwest Territory until 1800 , when western Michigan became part of the Indiana Territory . Eventually , in 1805 , the Michigan Territory was formed , which lasted until it was admitted into the Union on January 26 , 1837 , as the 26th state . The state of Michigan soon became an important center of industry and trade in the Great Lakes region and a popular immigrant destination . Though Michigan has come to develop a diverse economy , it is widely known as the center of the U.S. automotive industry , being home to the country 's three major automobile companies ( whose headquarters are all within the Detroit metropolitan area ) . While sparsely populated , the Upper Peninsula is economically important due to its status as a tourist destination as well as its abundance of natural resources , while the Lower Peninsula is a center of manufacturing , services , and high-tech industry .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Transportation_in_Alaska", "score": 0.668086588382721, "text": "This article discusses transportation in the U.S. state of Alaska .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Krasnoyarsk_(inhabited_locality)", "score": 0.6680708527565002, "text": "Krasnoyarsk is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_people_from_Montana", "score": 0.6678450107574463, "text": "Montana -LSB- mɒnˈtænə -RSB- is a state in the Western United States . The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges . Smaller , `` island ranges '' are found in the central third of the state , for a total of 77 named ranges of the Rocky Mountains . This geographical fact is reflected in the state 's name , derived from the Spanish word montaña ( mountain ) . Montana has several nicknames , none official , including : `` The Treasure State '' and `` Big Sky Country '' , and slogans that include `` Land of the Shining Mountains '' and more recently , `` The Last Best Place '' . The state ranks fourth in area , but 44th in population , and accordingly has the third-lowest population density in the United States . The economy is primarily based on services , with ranching , wheat farming , oil and coal mining in the east , and lumber , tourism , and hard rock mining in the west . Millions of tourists annually visit Glacier National Park , the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument , and three of the five entrances to Yellowstone National Park .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Eastern_United_States", "score": 0.6634518504142761, "text": "The Eastern United States , commonly referred to as the American East or simply the East , is a region roughly coinciding with the boundaries of the United States established in the 1783 Treaty of Paris , which bounded the new country to the west along the Mississippi River . It is geographically diverse , spanning the Northeast and Southeast as well as the eastern part of the Central United States . In 2011 the 26 states east of the Mississippi ( including Washington , D.C. but not the small portions of Minnesota and Louisiana east of the river ) had an estimated population of 179,948,346 or 58.28 % of the total U.S. population of 308,745,358 ( excluding Puerto Rico ) .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Wisconsin", "score": 0.6633991003036499, "text": "Wisconsin ( -LSB- wᵻˈskɒnsᵻn -RSB- ) is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States , in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions . It is bordered by Minnesota to the west , Iowa to the southwest , Illinois to the south , Lake Michigan to the east , Michigan to the northeast , and Lake Superior to the north . Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous . The state capital is Madison , and its largest city is Milwaukee , which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan . The state is divided into 72 counties . Wisconsin 's geography is diverse , with the Northern Highland and Western Upland along with a part of the Central Plain occupying the western part of the state and lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan . Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline . Wisconsin is known as `` America 's Dairyland '' because it is one of the nation 's leading dairy producers , particularly famous for its cheese . Manufacturing , especially paper products , information technology ( IT ) , and tourism are also major contributors to the state 's economy .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "United_States_espionage_in_Russia", "score": 0.6624085307121277, "text": "United States espionage in Russia began with the breakup of the Soviet Union .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Russian_Far_East", "score": 0.6617403030395508, "text": "The Russian Far East ( -LSB- Дальний Восток России , r = Dal 'n iy Vostok Rossii , p = ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ -RSB- ) is the Russian part of the Far East , i.e. the extreme east parts of Russia , between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean . The Far Eastern Federal District , which covers this area , borders with the Siberian Federal District to the west . The Far Eastern Federal District has land borders with the People 's Republic of China and North Korea to the south west and maritime borders with Japan and the American state of Alaska . Although traditionally considered part of Siberia , the Russian Far East is categorized separately from Siberia in Russian regional schemes ( and previously during the Soviet era when it was called the Soviet Far East ) .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Russian_colonization_of_the_Americas", "score": 0.6615875363349915, "text": "The Russian colonization of the Americas covers the period from 1732 to 1867 , when the Russian Empire laid claim to northern Pacific Coast territories in the Americas . Russian colonial possessions in the Americas are collectively known as Russian America . Russian expansion eastward began in 1552 , and in 1639 Russian explorers reached the Pacific Ocean . In 1725 , Emperor Peter the Great ordered navigator Vitus Bering to explore the North Pacific for potential colonization . The Russians were primarily interested in the abundance of fur-bearing mammals on Alaska 's coast , as stocks had been depleted by overhunting in Siberia . Bering 's first voyage was foiled by thick fog and ice , but in 1741 a second voyage by Bering and Aleksei Chirikov made sight of the North American mainland . Russian promyshlenniki ( trappers and hunters ) quickly developed the maritime fur trade , which instigated several conflicts between the Aleuts and Russians in the 1760s . The fur trade proved to be a lucrative enterprise , capturing the attention of other European nations . In response to potential competitors , the Russians extended their claims eastward from the Commander Islands to the shores of Alaska . In 1784 , with encouragement from Empress Catherine the Great , explorer Grigory Shelekhov founded Russia 's first permanent settlement in Alaska at Three Saints Bay . Ten years later , the first group of Orthodox Christian missionaries began to arrive , evangelizing thousands of Indians , many of whose descendants continue to maintain the religion . By the late 1780s , trade relations had opened with the Tlingits , and in 1799 the Russian-American Company ( RAC ) was formed in order to monopolize the fur trade , also serving as an imperialist vehicle for the Russification of Alaska Natives . Angered by encroachment on their land and other grievances , the indigenous peoples ' relations with the Russians deteriorated . In 1802 , Tlingit warriors destroyed several Russian settlements , most notably Redoubt Saint Michael ( Old Sitka ) , leaving New Russia as the only remaining outpost on mainland Alaska . This failed to expel the Russians , who reestablished their presence two years later following the Battle of Sitka . ( Peace negotiations between the Russians and Indians would later establish a modus vivendi , a situation that , with few interruptions , lasted for the duration of Russian presence in Alaska . ) In 1808 , Redoubt Saint Michael was rebuilt as New Archangel and became the capital of Russian America after the previous colonial headquarters were moved from Kodiak . A year later , the RAC began expanding its operations to more abundant sea otter grounds in Northern California , where Fort Ross was built in 1812 . By the middle of the 19th century , profits from Russia 's American colonies were in steep decline . Competition with the British Hudson 's Bay Company had brought the sea otter to near extinction , while the population of bears , wolves , and foxes on land was also nearing depletion . Faced with the reality of periodic Indian revolts , the political ramifications of the Crimean War , and unable to fully colonize the Americas to their satisfaction , the Russians concluded that their American colonies were too expensive to retain . Eager to release themselves of the burden , the Russians sold Fort Ross in 1842 , and in 1867 , after less than a month of negotiations , the United States accepted Emperor Alexander II 's offer to sell Alaska . The purchase of Alaska for $ 7.2 million ended Imperial Russia 's colonial presence in the Americas . Many indigenous peoples protested the sale , arguing that they were the rightful owners of the land and that Russia had no right to sell Alaska .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
91253
Sophie Turner was born in the 1990s.
[ { "id": "Sophie_Turner", "score": 0.7679680585861206, "text": "Sophie Turner ( born 21 February 1996 ) is an English actress . Turner made her professional acting debut as Sansa Stark on the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones ( 2011 -- present ) , which brought her international recognition and critical praise . For her performance , she has received four nominations for Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series , as well as a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Supporting Young Actress in a TV Series . Turner has also starred in the television film The Thirteenth Tale ( 2013 ) and she made her feature film debut in Another Me ( 2013 ) . She has also starred in the action comedy Barely Lethal ( 2015 ) and played Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series ." } ]
[ { "id": "Sophie_Turner_(model)", "score": 0.6808377504348755, "text": "Sophie Turner ( born 30 April 1984 ) is an Australian model , reality television personality and lawyer who first came to prominence as a contestant on the Australian television series Search for a Supermodel .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Sophie_Stuckey", "score": 0.6491482257843018, "text": "Sophie Stuckey ( born 1 March 1991 ) is an English actress .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Sophie_Turner_Laing", "score": 0.6397186517715454, "text": "Sophie Turner Laing ( born 7 September 1960 ) is a British businesswoman and media executive . She has been Chief Executive Officer of global content creator , producer and distributor Endemol Shine Group since December 2014 . Prior to taking up her current role , she held a number of senior positions at Sky in the UK , including Director of Movies and Managing Director of Content . She had previously worked for the BBC as Acting Director of Television and , along with Peter Orton , was a founder of HiT Entertainment .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Sophie_Dee", "score": 0.6235429644584656, "text": "Sophie Dee , ( born 17 January 1984 ) , is a Welsh actress , exotic dancer , and former adult film actress .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Zara_Turner", "score": 0.6228318810462952, "text": "Zara Turner is a Northern Ireland-born British actress .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Sophie_Marceau", "score": 0.620529055595398, "text": "Sophie Marceau ( -LSB- sɔˈfi maʁˈso -RSB- ; born Sophie Danièle Sylvie Maupu ; 17 November 1966 ) is a French actress , director , screenwriter , and author . As a teenager , Marceau achieved popularity with her debut films La Boum ( 1980 ) and La Boum 2 ( 1982 ) , receiving a César Award for Most Promising Actress . She became a film star in Europe with a string of successful films , including L'Étudiante ( 1988 ) , Pacific Palisades ( 1990 ) , Fanfan ( 1993 ) , and Revenge of the Musketeers ( 1994 ) . Marceau became an international film star with her performances in Braveheart ( 1995 ) , Firelight ( 1997 ) , and the 19th James Bond film The World Is Not Enough ( 1999 ) .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Sophie_Lowe", "score": 0.6177650690078735, "text": "Sophie Lowe ( born 5 June 1990 ) is an English-born Australian actress and singer-songwriter . She appeared in the films Beautiful Kate , After the Dark , Adore , and Road Kill , and starred in the television series The Slap , Once Upon a Time in Wonderland , The Returned and The Beautiful Lie .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Sophie_Winkleman", "score": 0.6174890398979187, "text": "Sophie Lara Winkleman ( born 5 August 1980 ) is an English actress . As the wife of Lord Frederick Windsor , son of Queen Elizabeth II 's first cousin Prince Michael of Kent , she is formally referred to as Lady Frederick Windsor , but continues to use her maiden name in her professional career .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Sophia_Myles", "score": 0.6167831420898438, "text": "Sophia Jane Myles ( -LSB- səˈfaɪ.ə -RSB- born 18 March 1980 ) is an English actress , best known in film for portraying Erika in Underworld ( 2003 ) , Lady Penelope Creighton-Ward in the live-action Thunderbirds film , Isolde in Tristan & Isolde and Darcy in Transformers : Age of Extinction , and has received critical acclaim for her television work , particularly as Madame de Pompadour in the Doctor Who episode `` The Girl in the Fireplace '' and Beth Turner in Moonlight .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Sophie_Turner_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6132726073265076, "text": "Sophie Turner is an English actress . Sophie Turner may also refer to : Sophie Turner ( model ) ( born 1984 ) , Australian model and reality television personality Sophie Turner Laing ( born 1960 ) , British businesswoman", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Evan_Rachel_Wood", "score": 0.6129103302955627, "text": "Evan Rachel Wood ( born September 7 , 1987 ) is an American actress and musician . She began acting in the 1990s , appearing in several television series , including American Gothic ( 1995 -- 96 ) and Once and Again ( 1999 -- 2002 ) . Wood made her debut as a leading film actress at the age of eleven in Digging to China ( 1998 ) and garnered acclaim for her Golden Globe-nominated role as the troubled , drug-addicted teenager Tracy Freeland in the teen drama film Thirteen ( 2003 ) . Wood continued acting mostly in independent films , including Pretty Persuasion ( 2005 ) , Down in the Valley ( 2006 ) , Running with Scissors ( 2006 ) , and in the big studio production Across the Universe ( 2007 ) . Since 2008 , Wood has appeared in more mainstream films , including The Wrestler ( 2008 ) , Whatever Works ( 2009 ) and The Ides of March ( 2011 ) . She has also returned to television , playing the supporting role of Queen Sophie-Anne on True Blood from 2009 to 2011 and playing Kate Winslet 's character 's daughter in the HBO miniseries Mildred Pierce ( 2011 ) , a role for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe and Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actress . As of 2016 , she plays the sentient android Dolores Abernathy in the HBO television series Westworld , for which she won a Critics ' Choice Award and earned a Golden Globe nomination . Her personal life , particularly her relationship with Marilyn Manson , to whom she was previously engaged , has attracted press attention . In 2012 , she married English actor Jamie Bell , with whom she has one son . They separated in 2014 after two years of marriage .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Sophie_Cattani", "score": 0.6075614094734192, "text": "Sophie Cattani is a French actress . She appeared in more than thirty films since 2001 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Sophie_Kennedy_Clark", "score": 0.6074811816215515, "text": "Sophie Kennedy Clark ( born 1990 ) is a Scottish actress . She is the daughter of actress and singer Fiona Kennedy and the granddaughter of singer Calum Kennedy .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Sophie_Hardy", "score": 0.6071386933326721, "text": "Sophie Hardy is a French actress .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Sophie_Cookson", "score": 0.6068611741065979, "text": "Sophie Louise L Cookson ( born 15 May 1990 ) is an English actress . She played Grace Mohune in the 2013 television film Moonfleet and Roxy in Kingsman : The Secret Service ( 2015 ) . She is also co-starring in Lee Tamahori 's historical film Emperor .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Sophie_Thompson", "score": 0.6047137975692749, "text": "Sophie Thompson ( born 20 January 1962 ) is an English actress who has worked in television , film and theatre . She received an Olivier Award nomination for the 1995 London revival of the musical Company , before winning the 1999 Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for the London revival of Into the Woods . Her film appearances include Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) , Persuasion ( 1995 ) Dancing at Lughnasa ( 1998 ) , Gosford Park ( 2001 ) , and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 ( 2010 ) . She also played Stella Crawford in the BBC soap opera EastEnders ( 2006 -- 07 ) , for which she won `` Best Bitch '' at the Inside Soap awards . Other Olivier nominations include Wildest Dreams ( RSC 1994 ) , Clybourne Park ( Royal Court and West End , 2010 ) , and Guys and Dolls ( Savoy Theatre , 2015 -- 16 ) .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Sophie_Blake", "score": 0.6039060950279236, "text": "Sophie Blake ( born 9 November 1972 ) , is an English television presenter and former model .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Sophie_Wilcox", "score": 0.6034948825836182, "text": "Sophie Elizabeth Wilcox ( born 2 January 1975 in Croydon , London ) is an English actress who is most notable for appearing in the BBC miniseries adaptation of The Chronicles of Narnia as Lucy Pevensie when she was 13 years old . She appeared in The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe in 1988 , as well as its sequel Prince Caspian and the Voyage of the Dawn Treader in 1989 . After a decade-long absence from acting , Wilcox returned to the screen with a small role in the film Gangster Kittens .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Mia_Goth", "score": 0.6033929586410522, "text": "Mia Gypsy Mello Da Silva Goth ( born November 1993 ) is an English actress and model . She is best known for her roles in the films The Survivalist and Nymphomaniac : Vol . II , and for playing Sophie Campbell in the series The Tunnel .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Sophie_Fiennes", "score": 0.6027553677558899, "text": "Sophia Victoria Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes ( -LSB- ˈfaɪnz -RSB- born 12 February 1967 ) , known as Sophie Fiennes , is an English film director and producer . She is the sister of actors Joseph Fiennes and Ralph Fiennes , director Martha Fiennes and composer Magnus Fiennes .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
53316
Mother Teresa was made a saint by the church.
[ { "id": "Mother_Teresa", "score": 0.767575740814209, "text": "Mother Teresa , known in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta ( born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu ; -LSB- aˈɲɛzə ˈɡɔndʒɛ bɔjaˈdʒiu -RSB- ; 26 August 1910 -- 5 September 1997 ) , was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary . She was born in Skopje ( now the capital of the Republic of Macedonia ) , then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire . After living in Macedonia for eighteen years she moved to Ireland and then to India , where she lived for most of her life . In 1950 Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity , a Roman Catholic religious congregation which had over 4,500 sisters and was active in 133 countries in 2012 . The congregation manages homes for people dying of HIV/AIDS , leprosy and tuberculosis ; soup kitchens ; dispensaries and mobile clinics ; children 's - and family-counselling programmes ; orphanages , and schools . Members , who take vows of chastity , poverty , and obedience , also profess a fourth vow : to give `` wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor '' . Teresa received a number of honours , including the 1962 Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize and 1979 Nobel Peace Prize . She was canonised ( recognised by the church as a saint ) on 4 September 2016 , and the anniversary of her death ( 5 September ) is her feast day . A controversial figure during her life and after her death , Teresa was admired by many for her charitable work . She was praised and criticised for her opposition to abortion , and criticised for poor conditions in her houses for the dying . Her authorised biography was written by Navin Chawla and published in 1992 , and she has been the subject of films and other books ." } ]
[ { "id": "Criticism_of_Mother_Teresa", "score": 0.7242221236228943, "text": "This article explores some of the criticism of Mother Teresa ( 1910 -- 97 ) , who was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary . She founded the congregation of the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta in 1950 . For more than 45 years she worked with the poor , sick , orphaned , and dying , while guiding the expansion of her congregation , at first in India and then in other countries . After her death , she was beatified and later canonised as a Catholic saint in an unusually speedy process by the Roman Catholic Church . She received mixed reactions from prominent people , governments and organizations . She and the practices of her order were subject to numerous controversies . These include opposition and objections to the quality of medical care , encouragement of baptism of the dying , and being an image of colonialism and racism . She received much media coverage , similar to a celebrity , and it has been suggested that the church used her image to promote Catholicism and to distract from some of the ecclesiastical scandals around the world .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Teresa_of_the_Andes", "score": 0.7235540151596069, "text": "Saint Teresa of Jesus ( 13 July 1900 -- 12 April 1920 ) - born as Juana Fernández Solar - ( Teresa de Jesús de Los Andes ) was a Chilean professed religious from the Discalced Carmelites . Fernández Solar was a pious child but had an often unpredictable temperament for she could be prone to anger and being vain but could also demonstrate her charitable and loving nature ; she seemed transformed when she decided to become a nun and her character seemed to change for her sole ambition was to dedicate herself to the service of God . But her time in the convent was cut short due to her contracting an aggressive disease that killed her - she knew she would die but was consoled knowing she would be able to make her profession before she died . Her canonization process opened on 23 April 1976 under Pope Paul VI and she became titled as a Servant of God . The confirmation of her life of heroic virtue on 22 March 1986 allowed for her to be titled as Venerable . Solar was beatified on 3 April 1987 in Chile after a miracle attributed to her from her native land cleared her for beatification while another miracle coming from Chile saw Pope John Paul II canonize her as a saint on 21 March 1993 in Saint Peter 's Square .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Commemorations_of_Mother_Teresa", "score": 0.7215576171875, "text": "Mother Teresa of Kolkata has been memorialized throughout the world in recognition of her work with the poor . During her lifetime this commemoration often took the form of awards and honorary degrees bestowed upon her . She has also been memorialized through museums and dedications of churches , roads and other structures .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Missionaries_of_Charity", "score": 0.7013601660728455, "text": "The Missionaries of Charity ( Missionariarum a Caritate ) is a Roman Catholic ( Latin Church ) religious congregation established in 1950 by Saint Teresa of Calcutta , better known as Mother Teresa . In 2012 it consisted of over 4,500 religious sisters . Members of the order designate their affiliation using the order 's initials , `` M.C. '' A member of the congregation must adhere to the vows of chastity , poverty , obedience , and the fourth vow , to give `` wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor . '' Today , the order consists of both contemplative and active branches in several countries . Missionaries care for those who include refugees , former prostitutes , the mentally ill , sick children , abandoned children , lepers , people with AIDS , the aged , and convalescent . They have schools run by volunteers to educate street children and run soup kitchens as well as other services according to the community needs . They have 19 homes in Kolkata ( Calcutta ) alone which include homes for women , orphaned children , and homes for the dying , and for those dying of AIDS ; a school for street children , and a leper colony . These services are provided , without charge , to people regardless of their religion or social status .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Saint", "score": 0.6943251490592957, "text": "A saint , also historically known as a hallow , is a term used for a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness or likeness to God . Depending on the context and denomination , the term also retains its original Christian meaning , as any believer who is `` in Christ '' and in whom Christ dwells , whether in Heaven or on Earth . In Anglican , Roman Catholic , Eastern Orthodox , Lutheran , and Oriental Orthodox doctrine , all of their faithful deceased in Heaven are considered to be saints , but some are considered worthy of greater honor or emulation ; official ecclesiastical recognition , and consequently veneration , is given to some saints through the process of canonization in the Catholic Church or glorification in the Eastern Orthodox Church . While the English word saint originated in Christianity , historians of religion now use the appellation `` in a more general way to refer to the state of special holiness that many religions attribute to certain people '' , with the Jewish tzadik , the Islamic walī , the Hindu rishi or Sikh guru , and the Buddhist arhat or bodhisattva also being referred to as saints . Depending on the religion , saints are recognized either by official ecclesiastical declaration , as in the Catholic faith , or by popular acclamation ( see Folk saint ) .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Mother_Teresa:_Saint_or_Celebrity?", "score": 0.6887664794921875, "text": "Mother Teresa : Saint or Celebrity ? ( Routledge , 2007 ) , by Gëzim Alpion , sheds a new light on this remarkable and influential woman , which will intrigue followers of Mother Teresa and those who study the vagaries of stardom and celebrity culture .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Nun", "score": 0.682391881942749, "text": "A nun is a member of a religious community of women , typically one living under vows of poverty , chastity , and obedience . She may have decided to dedicate her life to serving all other living beings , or she might be an ascetic who voluntarily chose to leave mainstream society and live her life in prayer and contemplation in a monastery or convent . The term `` nun '' is applicable to Catholics ( eastern and western traditions ) , Orthodox Christians , Anglicans , Lutherans , Jains , Buddhists , Taoists , Hindus and some other religious traditions . While in common usage the terms `` nun '' and `` sister '' are often used interchangeably ( the same title of `` Sister '' for an individual member of both forms ) , they are considered different ways of life , with a `` nun '' being a religious woman who lives a contemplative and cloistered life of meditation and prayer for the salvation of others , while a `` religious sister '' , in religious institutes like St. Mother Teresa 's Missionaries of Charity , lives an active vocation of both prayer and service , often to the needy , ill , poor , and uneducated .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Teresa_of_Ávila", "score": 0.6772263646125793, "text": "Saint Teresa of Ávila , also called Saint Teresa of Jesús , baptized as Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada ( 28 March 15154 October 1582 ) , was a prominent Spanish mystic , Roman Catholic saint , Carmelite nun and author during the Counter Reformation , and theologian of contemplative life through mental prayer . She was a reformer in the Carmelite Order of her time and the movement she initiated , later joined by Saint John of the Cross , eventually led to the establishment of the Discalced Carmelites , though neither she nor John were alive when the two orders separated . In 1622 , forty years after her death , she was canonized by Pope Gregory XV , and on 27 September 1970 was named a Doctor of the Church by Pope Paul VI . Her books , which include her autobiography ( The Life of Teresa of Jesus ) and her seminal work El Castillo Interior ( trans. : The Interior Castle ) , are an integral part of Spanish Renaissance literature as well as Christian mysticism and Christian meditation practices . She also wrote Camino de Perfección ( trans. : The Way of Perfection ) . After her death , Saint Teresa was considered a candidate to become a national patron saint in Spain . A Santero image of the Immaculate Conception of El Viejo , said to have been sent with one of her brothers to Peru , Canonically crowned by Pope John Paul II on 28 December 1989 at the Shrine of El Viejo . Pious Catholic beliefs also associate Saint Teresa with the Infant Jesus of Prague with claims of former ownership and devotion .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_devotees_of_Saint_Thérèse_of_Lisieux", "score": 0.6727136373519897, "text": "Over the years , a number of prominent people have become devotees of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux . These include : Pope Francis - `` When I have a problem I ask the saint , not to solve it , but to take it in her hands and help me accept it . '' Pope John Paul I - `` Dear little Thérèse , I was seventeen when I read your autobiography . It struck me forcibly ... Once you had chosen the path of complete dedication to God , nothing could stop you : not illness , nor opposition from outside , nor the mists or inner darkness . '' Mother Teresa of Calcutta , originally called Agnes , explained her choice of the name Teresa as follows : `` I chose Thérèse as my namesake because she did ordinary things with extraordinary love '' She and St. Thérèse were both deeply drawn by the words of Christ on the Cross : `` I thirst . '' Maximilian Kolbe offered his first Mass for the intention of the beatification and canonization of then-Sister Therese . He also dedicated his Asian missions to St. Therese . Maria Valtorta - Catholic mystic wrote : `` The little flower has taught me that God is loved with rose petals - with small sacrifices made out of love . '' Maria Candida of the Eucharist - Was inspired by reading The Story of a Soul . Edith Piaf - French singer - `` Shortly after her birth Edith developed a cataract . She was blind for almost three years . Her grandmother , Louise , took her to Lisieux . She saw . It was a real miracle for Edith . She always believed this . Since that time she had a real devotion to St Thérèse of the Child Jesus ... she always had a small picture of the saint on her bedside table . '' ( Simone Berteaut , Edith Piaf 's closest friend ) . Lucie Delarue-Mardrus - French writer - `` the Carmelite-apparition . . appeared , roses in hand , in the midst of an era which grieves and terrifies poets ... Thérèse is my fellow-countrywoman , and almost my contemporary . I do not wish to let her glorious entry into sanctity pass by without honoring her in my own way . And besides , she is henceforth public property . '' ( Introducing her book , 1926 , on Thérèse ) . Marc Sangnier - Founder of Le Sillon - `` May Thérèse from on high support us and show us how to be more one with Jesus . '' Delia Smith - British cookery writer - `` Thérèse . . not only personified the first beatitude but is , I am deeply convinced , the supreme teacher in regard to the spiritual life . '' Louise Brooks - American dancer and actress - `` Her spiritual trek was guided by two New York City priests , whom she saw with increasing frequency in late 1952 and early 1953 , and by a book about the life of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux , Storm of Glory by John Beevers . So enamored of Saint Thérèse was Louise that she spent one entire Sunday propped up in bed with her easel , fashioning a portrait in charcoal on canvas from a small photo of Thérèse at eight . It was the best and most haunting of her dozen works of art . '' Alain Mimoun - Olympic marathon champion - `` St Thérèse of Lisieux is my patron saint . The white roses which I planted in front of her -LSB- her statue in the garden -RSB- flower almost all the year round . '' Henri Bergson - Nobel prize winner - `` One reason why the philosopher Henri Bergson esteemed Thérèse so highly was that he was fascinated by the qualities of character which prompted her to confront the Pope of her day , Leo XIII , in pursuit of her own desires ... explicitly forbidden by the chaplain to address Leo XIII , Thérèse flouted the injunction . . she was dragged away by two papal guards.This is hardly the simpering and docile saint which Thérèse 's statuary too often suggests . '' Claudia Koll - Italian actress Don Luigi Orione - Italian saint Pio of Pietrelcina - Italian saint Fernando del Valle - Operatic Tenor Charles Maurras - French author and political philosopher Jacques Fesch - French murderer turned devotee Ada Negri - Italian poet Giovanni Papini - Italian critic and journalist Giuseppe Moscati - Italian saint Alfredo Obviar - Filipino Bishop and founder of the Missionary Catechists of St. Therese of the Infant Jesus Francis Bourne - British Cardinal - `` I love St Thérèse of Lisieux very much because she has simplified things : in our relationship with God she has done away with the mathematics . . '' Jean Guitton - French writer Emmanuel Mounier - French writer/philosopher Gilbert Cesbron Georges Bernanos - `` A few months before her death , Therese wrote of ' a wall rising up as far as the heavens . . when I sing of the happiness of Heaven , I feel no joy , because I am simply singing of what I WANT TO BELIEVE ' ( Manuscrits , 248 ) ... Bernanos , a devotee of Thérèse , employs the same image in his novel Diary of a Country Priest , where the priest confides to his diary , Behind me there was nothing . and in front of me a wall , a black wall ' . Maxence Van Der Meersch Henri Gheon Marie-Joseph Lagrange - founder of Biblical School in Jerusalem - `` I owe to Saint Thérèse the fact that I did n't become a bookworm . I owe her everything because without her , I would have shrivelled up , my mind dried up . '' Marthe Robin Daniel Brottier - `` In 1923 , Father Brottier 's superiors from the Congregation of the Holy Spirit gave him the responsibility to resume -LSB- the -RSB- great Work of the Orphan-Apprentices of Auteuil . The former military chaplain already had great devotion to the little Carmelite . At the time of his appointment in Auteuil Paris , he decided to build a chapel in honor of Thérèse who had just been beatified a few months earlier , so that the orphans could pray to their little mama in a sanctuary worthy of her . '' Brian Desmond Hurst - film director Louise de Bettignies Vita Sackville-West , author of The Eagle and the Dove a study of Thérèse of Lisieux and Teresa of Avila - admired the `` tough core of heroism '' she found in the pages of Histoire d'une âme '' . Gwen John - `` Some of her final paintings were in fact of religious subjects -LSB- including -RSB- countless ( over 700 ) tiny ink copies after a photograph of Thérèse of Lisieux and the saint 's elder sister . . '' Marcel Van , Servant of God , a Vietnamese Redemptorist brother . He allegedly had visions of and conversations with St. Thérèse . He was heavily influenced by her spirituality , and his teachings are often considered a continuation of her `` Little Way . ''", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Julian_the_Hospitaller", "score": 0.6712716817855835, "text": "Julian the Hospitaller is a Roman Catholic saint .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Canonization", "score": 0.6690564155578613, "text": "Canonization is the act by which the Catholic Church or the Anglican Communion declare that a person who has died was a saint , upon which declaration the person is included in the `` canon '' , or list , of recognized saints . Originally , persons were recognized as saints without any formal process . Later , different processes were developed , such as those used today in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Mother_Teresa_Awards", "score": 0.661949098110199, "text": "The Mother Teresa Awards are awards to honour individuals and organizations that promote peace , equality and social justice , and aim to encourage the cause of justice and peaceful coexistence , while providing a impetus for society to imbibe these values . The award is given in honour of Mother Teresa .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Teresa_of_Jesus,_Child", "score": 0.6615208983421326, "text": "Blessed Teresa of Jesus , Child ( 1622 -- 1627 ) was a Spanish girl who has been beatified by the Roman Catholic Church . Teresa became a member of the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy at the Convent of Our Lady of Bethlehem in Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Spain when she was five . She received holy communion before her death .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel_Church", "score": 0.6607832908630371, "text": "Our Lady of Mount Carmel is the name or patron saint of many churches . Among them :", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_saints_named_Teresa", "score": 0.660759687423706, "text": "Saints named Teresa include : Saint Teresa of Ávila ( 1515 -- 1582 ) , or Teresa of Jesus , Spaniard , founder of the Discalced Carmelites , and Doctor of the Church Saint Thérèse of Lisieux ( 1873 -- 1897 ) , or Teresa of the Child Jesus , French Discalced Carmelite nun , and Doctor of the Church Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross ( 1891 -- 1942 ) , Discalced Carmelite Nun , born Edith Stein Saint Teresa of Los Andes ( 1900 -- 1920 ) , Discalced Carmelite nun , born Juana Fernández del Solar Blessed Teresa of Portugal ( 1181 -- 1250 ) , Benedictine nun Mother Teresa , Saint `` Mother '' Teresa of Calcutta ( 1910 -- 1997 ) , founder of the Missionaries of Charity", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Teresa_Margaret_of_the_Sacred_Heart", "score": 0.6602407693862915, "text": "Teresa Margaret of the Sacred Heart , O.C.D. ( 15 July 1747 -- 7 March 1770 ) , was an Italian Discalced Carmelite nun . During her brief life of quiet service in the monastery , she came to be revered for her mystical gifts . She has been declared a saint by the Catholic Church .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church", "score": 0.6556397080421448, "text": "In the Catholic Church , the veneration of Mary , mother of Jesus , encompasses various Marian devotions which include prayer , pious acts , visual arts , poetry , and music devoted to the Blessed Virgin Mary . Popes have encouraged it , while also taking steps to reform some manifestations of it.For example , on March 12 , 1969 , Pope Paul VI reduced and rearranged the number of Marian feast days in Sanctitas clarior . Several of his predecessors did similarly . The Holy See has insisted on the importance of distinguishing `` true from false devotion , and authentic doctrine from its deformations by excess or defect '' . There are significantly more titles , feasts , and venerative Marian practices among Roman Catholics than in other Christian traditions . The term hyperdulia indicates the special veneration due to Mary , greater than the ordinary dulia for other saints , but utterly unlike the latria due only to God . The term `` Mariolatry '' is a Protestant pejorative label for perceived excessive Catholic devotion to Mary . Belief in the incarnation of God the Son through Mary is the basis for calling her the Mother of God , which was declared a dogma at the Council of Ephesus in 431 . At the Second Vatican Council and in Pope John Paul II 's encyclical Redemptoris Mater , she is spoken of also as Mother of the Church . Growth of Roman Catholic veneration of Mary and Mariology has often come , not from official declarations , but from Marian writings of the saints , popular devotion , and at times reported Marian apparitions . The Holy See approves only a select few as worthy of belief ; most recently the 2008 recognition of apparitions as far back as 1665 . Further pious veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary encouraged by Popes are exhibited in the canonical coronations granted to popular Marian images venerated in a particular locality all over the world , while Marian movements and societies with millions of members have arisen from belief in events such as Akita , Fátima , and Lourdes , and other reasons .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Secular_saint", "score": 0.6546266078948975, "text": "The term , secular saint , which has no strict definition , generally refers to someone venerated and respected for contributions to a noble cause , but not recognized as a canonical saint by a religion . The ranks of secular saints , like those of religious ones , are often filled by martyrs . George Orwell began his Reflections on Gandhi : `` Saints should always be judged guilty until they are proved innocent ... '' Orwell concluded his essay with an attack on the idea of sainthood but praise for Gandhi : `` One may feel , as I do , a sort of aesthetic distaste for Gandhi , one may reject the claims of sainthood made on his behalf ( he never made any such claim himself , by the way ) , one may also reject sainthood as an ideal and therefore feel that Gandhi 's basic aims were anti-human and reactionary : but regarded simply as a politician , and compared with the other leading political figures of our time , how clean a smell he has managed to leave behind ! ''", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Charles_Borromeo_Church", "score": 0.6504805088043213, "text": "Charles Borromeo is the patron saint of a number of Catholic churches :", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Mother_Teresa_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6503403186798096, "text": "Mother Teresa or Mother Teresa of Calcutta usually refer to Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu ( 1910 -- 97 ) , an Albanian-born Catholic missionary nun and saint . Mother Teresa may also refer to : Mother Teresa Ball ( 1794 -- 1861 ) foundress of the Irish Branch of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary Mother Teresa Lalor ( 1769 -- 1846 ) Irish-born American Catholic nun Mother Teresa of Calcutta may also refer to : Mother Teresa of Calcutta ( film ) 2003 documentary film", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
189815
The Smurfs (film) was released.
[ { "id": "The_Smurfs_(film)", "score": 0.7772716879844666, "text": "The Smurfs is a 2011 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film loosely based on the comic book series of the same name created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo . It was directed by Raja Gosnell and stars Hank Azaria , Neil Patrick Harris , Jayma Mays and Sofía Vergara , with Jonathan Winters and Katy Perry as the voices of Papa Smurf and Smurfette . It is the first CGI/live-action hybrid film produced by Sony Pictures Animation , and the first in The Smurfs duology . The film tells the story of the Smurfs as they get lost in New York , and try to find a way to get back home before Gargamel catches them . After five years of negotiations , Jordan Kerner bought the rights in 2002 , and the film entered development with Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies , until Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation obtained the film rights in 2008 . Filming began in March 2010 in New York City . After having the release date changed three times , Columbia Pictures released The Smurfs on July 29 , 2011 . Box office analysts initially predicted the film would tie with Cowboys & Aliens , but The Smurfs ultimately came in second , grossing $ 35.6 million against Cowboys & Aliens $ 36.4 million gross . The Smurfs reached the $ 500 million milestone in the weekend of September 23 -- 25 , 2011 . A sequel , titled The Smurfs 2 , was released on July 31 , 2013 ." } ]
[ { "id": "The_Smurfs_2", "score": 0.732398509979248, "text": "The Smurfs 2 is a 2013 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film and a sequel to the 2011 film The Smurfs . It is loosely based on The Smurfs comic-book series created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo . It is the second and final installment of a projected duology , produced by Sony Pictures Animation and distributed by Columbia Pictures . The film is directed by Raja Gosnell , who helmed the first , with all the main cast returning . New cast members include Christina Ricci and J. B. Smoove as members of the Naughties , and Brendan Gleeson as Patrick Winslow 's stepfather . The film was released on July 31 , 2013 and is dedicated to Jonathan Winters , who voiced Papa Smurf and died on April 11 , 2013 . Its gross of $ 347 million was seen by Sony as a disappointment , which Box Office Mojo labelled as `` an unprecedented drop for a closely-timed family sequel '' and attributed to the negative reception of the first film and to the strong competition coming from another family sequel Despicable Me 2 .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "The_Smurfs_and_the_Magic_Flute", "score": 0.713961660861969, "text": "The Smurfs and the Magic Flute ( La Flûte à six schtroumpfs , lit . The Flute of Six Smurfs ) is a 1976 Belgian animated film starring the Smurfs , directed by their creator , Peyo . Though the film premiered in 1976 in Belgium , and 1979 in the United Kingdom , an English language version was not released in the United States until 1983 , in the wake of the characters ' newfound popularity . Although the Smurfs play a major part in the film , they do not appear until 35 minutes into the film . The film , set in the Middle Ages , mainly surrounds Johan and Peewit , a young squire and his jester sidekick . Johan and Peewit had also been created by Peyo in 1952 and it was in their adventures that the Smurfs were first introduced in 1958 . The film was not produced by Hanna-Barbera , the creators of The Smurfs television series , but by Brussels ' Belvision Studios and Éditions Dupuis . The voice talent from that show was not present in the English version either ; instead , the work was handled by a non-union crew whose members had previously appeared in anime dubs for U.S. television . A presentation of independent film company Atlantic Releasing in the United States , The Smurfs and the Magic Flute grossed over US$ 19 million . The film 's success led to the creation of Clubhouse Pictures , Atlantic 's children 's film division . The English language version of the film was presented in Dolby Stereo sound .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "The_Smurfs_merchandising", "score": 0.7093343138694763, "text": "The Smurfs is a Belgian comic book series created by Peyo in 1958 . It became well-known worldwide with the Hanna-Barbera cartoon series in the 1980s . With the popularity of the Smurfs came a wide range of toys and spin-off products and use of the Smurfs in merchandising . Smurfs ' merchandising in 2008 generates about 5 to 12 million euro per year in Europe alone , while the total figure after fifty years worldwide is about $ 5 billion .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "The_Smurfs_in_film", "score": 0.6993083953857422, "text": "The Smurfs have appeared in three feature-length films and two short films loosely based on The Smurfs comic book series created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo and the 1980s animated TV series it spawned . The 2011 feature film of the same name and its 2013 sequel were produced by Sony Pictures Animation and released by Columbia Pictures . Live-action roles include Hank Azaria and Neil Patrick Harris , while the voice-over roles include Anton Yelchin , Jonathan Winters , Katy Perry , and George Lopez . A fully animated reboot titled Smurfs : The Lost Village was scheduled for release through Sony in April 2017 .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "The_Smurfs:_A_Christmas_Carol", "score": 0.6989964842796326, "text": "The Smurfs : A Christmas Carol is an American computer/traditionally animated short film based on The Smurfs comic book series created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo . The animated short was written by Todd Berger and directed by Troy Quane , and it stars the voices of George Lopez , Jack Angel , Melissa Sturm , Fred Armisen , Gary Basaraba , Anton Yelchin and Hank Azaria . The film was produced by Sony Pictures Animation with the animation by Sony Pictures Imageworks and Duck Studios . The Smurfs : A Christmas Carol was released on DVD on December 2 , 2011 , attached to the The Smurfs film . The short is an adaptation of Charles Dickens ' novel A Christmas Carol . When Grouchy Smurf behaves badly to everyone and refuses to celebrate Christmas , the Smurfs of Christmas Past , Present and Future teach him to appreciate Christmas .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Smurfs:_The_Lost_Village", "score": 0.6986063122749329, "text": "Smurfs : The Lost Village is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy-adventure film produced by Sony Pictures Animation and The Kerner Entertainment Company , with animation by Sony Pictures Imageworks , for Columbia Pictures . Sony , LStar Capital and Wanda Pictures co-financed the film . It is based on The Smurfs comic book series created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo , and is a reboot unrelated to Sony 's previous live-action/animated films based on the series . It was written by Stacey Harman and Pamela Ribon and directed by Kelly Asbury , and stars the voices of Demi Lovato , Rainn Wilson , Joe Manganiello , Mandy Patinkin , Jack McBrayer , Danny Pudi , Michelle Rodriguez , Ellie Kemper , Ariel Winter , Meghan Trainor , Jake Johnson , and Julia Roberts . In the story , a mysterious map prompts Smurfette , Brainy , Clumsy , and Hefty to find a lost village before Gargamel does . The film was released on April 7 , 2017 by Columbia Pictures to mixed reviews from critics , although many considered it an improvement over the previous Smurfs live-action/animated films . The film has grossed $ 185 million worldwide .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Smurfs_(comics)", "score": 0.6795990467071533, "text": "The Smurfs ( Les Schtroumpfs ) is a Belgian comic series , created by cartoonist Peyo ( pen name of Pierre Culliford ) . The titular creatures were introduced as supporting characters in an already established series , Johan and Peewit in 1958 , and starred in their own series from 1959 . Thirty Smurf comic albums have been created , 16 of them by Peyo . Originally , the Smurf stories appeared in Spirou magazine with reprints in many different magazines , but after Peyo left the publisher Dupuis , many comics were first published in dedicated Smurf magazines , which existed in French , Dutch and German . A number of short stories and one page gags have been collected in comic books next to the regular series of 30 . By 2008 , Smurf comics have been translated into 25 languages , and some 25 million albums have been sold . A new Smurfs comic album sold in 2009 in French alone some 140,000 copies . A new Smurfs comic album was released in 2012 , now making thirty total titles . Another one was issued in 2013 , now making thirty-one total titles .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "The_Smurfs_music", "score": 0.6769354343414307, "text": "Singles and full albums of original music for The Smurfs cartoon series ( 1981 -- 1989 ) and the Smurfs movies have been released in different countries and languages , sometimes very successfully , with millions of copies sold .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "The_Smurfs:_The_Legend_of_Smurfy_Hollow", "score": 0.6732017993927002, "text": "The Smurfs : The Legend of Smurfy Hollow is an American computer/traditionally animated short film based on The Smurfs comic book series created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo . The animated short was written by Todd Berger and directed by Stephan Franck , and it stars the voices of Melissa Sturm , Fred Armisen , Anton Yelchin , Alan Cumming and Hank Azaria . The film was produced by Sony Pictures Animation with the animation by Sony Pictures Imageworks and Duck Studios . The Smurfs : The Legend of Smurfy Hollow was released on DVD on September 10 , 2013 . The film is loosely based on Washington Irving 's short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Les_Aventures_des_Schtroumpfs", "score": 0.6712607741355896, "text": "Les Aventures des Schtroumpfs ( lit . The Adventures of the Smurfs ) is a 1965 animated feature film based on the Belgian comic book series `` The Smurfs '' . It was the first animated feature film featuring the Smurf characters . The film was released in 1965 in Belgium . The Belvision film The Smurfs and the Magic Flute was released eleven years afterwards to successful box office returns .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "The_Smurfs_(TV_series)", "score": 0.6624240875244141, "text": "The Smurfs ( syndicated as Smurfs ' Adventures ) is an American-Belgian animated fantasy-comedy television series that aired on NBC from September 12 , 1981 , to December 2 , 1989 . Produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions , it is based on the Belgian comic series by the same name , created by Belgian cartoonist Peyo ( who also served as story supervisor of this adaptation ) and aired for 256 episodes with a total of 418 stories , excluding three cliffhanger episodes and seven specials .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Smurf_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6524603962898254, "text": "A Smurf is a fictional tiny blue humanoid from The Smurfs created by Belgian cartoonist Peyo in 1957 . Smurf , SMURF or smurfing may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "The_Smurflings", "score": 0.6421142816543579, "text": "The Smurflings ( original French title : Les P'tits Schtroumpfs ) is the thirteenth album of the original French-language Smurfs comic series created by Belgian artist Peyo . Apart from the titular one , it contains other story : The Clockwork Smurf .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "List_of_The_Smurfs_video_games", "score": 0.6315534710884094, "text": "This is a list of The Smurfs video games that have been published by Coleco , Infogrames , and Capcom . The Smurfs ( Les Schtroumpfs ) are a fictional group of small sky blue creatures who live in a Village in the woods . They were designed by Belgian cartoonist Peyo in 1958 and were featured in the Belgian comics magazine Spirou . They are widely known through the 1980s Hanna-Barbera animated television series of the same name . As a franchise , the Smurfs appeared in many video games throughout the 1980s and 1990s on many consoles . They have been released for the Nintendo Entertainment System , the Super Nintendo Entertainment System , the Game Boy line , the early Atari consoles , Coleco 's ColecoVision , most of Sega 's consoles , the PlayStation , the PC , iOS , Android , Nintendo DS , Wii , and Nintendo 3DS .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "The_Smurfs_and_the_Book_that_Tells_Everything", "score": 0.6311880946159363, "text": "The Smurfs And The Book That Tells Everything ( original French title : Les Schtroumpfs et le livre qui dit tout ) is a Smurfs comic book story that was created and published by Studio Peyo in 2008 .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Despicable_Me", "score": 0.6288998126983643, "text": "Despicable Me is a 2010 American 3D computer-animated comedy film from Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment that was released on July 9 , 2010 in the United States . It is the debut film of Illumination Entertainment . The film was animated by the French animation studio Mac Guff , which was later acquired by Illumination Entertainment . It was directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud as their feature debut film , with a story by Sergio Pablos . The film stars the voice of Steve Carell as Gru , a supervillain who adopts three girls ( voiced by Miranda Cosgrove , Dana Gaier , and Elsie Fisher ) from an orphanage ; and the voice of Jason Segel as Vector , a rival of Gru who steals the Great Pyramid of Giza . When Gru learns of Vector 's heist , he plans an even greater heist : to shrink and steal the Earth 's moon . The film earned positive reviews from critics , and grossed over $ 543 million worldwide , against a budget of $ 69 million . It launched the Despicable Me franchise with a series of films , including the sequel Despicable Me 2 in 2013 , and the prequel Minions released in 2015 featuring Gru 's Minions as the main characters . Another sequel , Despicable Me 3 , is scheduled for release in 2017 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Dumb_and_Dumber", "score": 0.627906858921051, "text": "Dumb and Dumber is a 1994 American comedy road film starring Jim Carrey and Jeff Daniels . It was written by the Farrelly brothers and Bennett Yellin , and is the Farrelly brothers ' directorial debut . The film tells the story of Lloyd Christmas and Harry Dunne , two unintelligent but well-meaning friends from Providence , Rhode Island who set out on a cross-country trip to Aspen , Colorado to return a briefcase full of money to its owner , only to be pursued by a group of criminals who are after the briefcase . The film was released on December 16 , 1994 . It grossed $ 247 million at the box office and has developed a cult following in the years since its release . The success of Dumb and Dumber launched the career of the Farrelly brothers and solidified Carrey 's . The film also spawned an animated TV series , a 2003 prequel , and a 2014 sequel .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Smurl_haunting", "score": 0.6238718628883362, "text": "The Smurl haunting refers to claims made by Jack and Janet Smurl of West Pittston , Pennsylvania who alleged that a demon inhabited their home between 1974 and 1989 . The Smurls ' claims gained wide press attention and were investigated by demonologists who encouraged the Smurls ' supernatural beliefs , and clergy , psychologists , and scientific skeptics who offered more parsimonious explanations . The Smurls ' version of their story was the subject of a 1986 paperback titled The Haunted and a 1991 made-for-TV movie of the same name released by 20th Century Fox .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "King_Smurf", "score": 0.6218726634979248, "text": "King Smurf ( original French title : Le Schtroumpfissime ) is the second comic book adventure of the Smurfs , and the name of the main fictional character who assumes power in the absence of Papa Smurf . The story was written and drawn by Peyo with Yvan Delporte as co-writer .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Smurfin!:_Tenth_Anniversary_Commemorative_Album", "score": 0.6211117506027222, "text": "In 1989 , I.M.P.S and R-Tek Music , International released Smurfin ! Tenth Anniversary Commemorative Album , a collection of 1960s and 1980s pop songs covered by the Smurfs . Created by Peyo , The Smurfs were a hit in North America , releasing several albums including a Christmas album . Smurfin ! was recorded at the S.B. Studios in Huizen , the Netherlands . It was produced by Cees Jansen and Sander Bos , and was arranged by Cor Willems . It was released on CD , cassette and 2-record LP by Quality Special Products in Canada and the US , and Dino Music in Australia . It was also released in New Zealand and some parts of Europe . There were 20 tracks recorded , although not all tracks were used on each `` Edition '' of the album . Some of the Smurfin ! CDs contained 16 tracks while others contained all 20 tracks . The Canadian/Australian cassette releases contained 16 tracks while the American release contained only 10 of the 20 tracks . The LP consisted of all 20 tracks . Kylie Minogue has the most songs covered with three : The Locomotion , I Should Be So Lucky and Especially for You ( The latter two were not on the Australian CD release or any cassette release , but were on the Canadian release ) . The Beach Boys have two : Surfin ' U.S.A. and Kokomo . All the rest of the original artists have only one song covered . The Australian CD contained 16 tracks while the Canadian and American releases contained 20 tracks . The Australian cassette used different artwork than the Canadian release . It used the back cover image with track titles overlaid and the banner from the normal front cover . The four tracks always left off the CD/cassette were : I Should Be So Lucky , Simon Says , The Lion Sleeps Tonight and Especially for You .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
110847
C. S. Forester's first name was Carl.
[ { "id": "C._S._Forester", "score": 0.5773271322250366, "text": "Cecil Louis Troughton Smith ( 27 August 1899 -- 2 April 1966 ) , known by his pen name Cecil Scott `` C. S. '' Forester , was an English novelist known for writing tales of naval warfare such as the 12-book Horatio Hornblower series , depicting a Royal Navy officer during the Napoleonic wars . Two of the Hornblower books , A Ship of the Line and Flying Colours , were jointly awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction in 1938 . His other works include The African Queen ( 1935 ; filmed in 1951 by John Huston ) ." } ]
[ { "id": "Carl_Friedrich_Rungenhagen", "score": 0.5483905673027039, "text": "Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen ( first name also sometimes given as Karl ; 27 September 1778 -- 21 December 1851 ) was a German composer and music teacher .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Carl_Sullivan", "score": 0.5483757853507996, "text": "Carl Sullivan is a former defensive end in the National Football League .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "The_Ship_(novel)", "score": 0.5483744740486145, "text": "The Ship is a novel written by British author C. S. Forester set in the Mediterranean during World War II , and first published in May 1943 . It follows the life of a Royal Navy light cruiser for a single action , including a detailed analysis of many of the men on board and the contribution they made .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Carl_Humann", "score": 0.5483550429344177, "text": "Carl Humann ( first name also Karl , born 4 January 1839 in Steele , part of today 's Essen - Germany ; † 12 April 1896 in Smyrna , today İzmir - Turkey ) was a German engineer , architect and archaeologist . He discovered the Pergamon Altar .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Stringfellow_(surname)", "score": 0.5483526587486267, "text": "Stringfellow is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow ( 1816-1891 ) , American Attorney general and businessman Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow ( 1840-1913 ) , Confederate spy Douglas R. Stringfellow , American politician Ian Stringfellow , English footballer James Stringfellow , one-time owner of the Stringfellow Acid Pits Joe Stringfellow ( 1918 -- 1992 ) , American football player John Stringfellow ( 1799 -- 1883 ) , English designer and flight pioneer Ken Stringfellow , American musician Mike Stringfellow , English-born footballer who played for Leicester in the 1960s and 1970s Olga Stringfellow , novelist Peter Stringfellow , English nightclub owner Peter Stringfellow ( footballer ) , English footballer Savanté Stringfellow , American athlete Thornton Stringfellow , US Baptist clergyman , defender of slavery William Stringfellow ( 1928-1985 ) , American theologian Thomas Stringfellow , Singer-Songwriter", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Snowden_(surname)", "score": 0.5483472347259521, "text": "Snowden is a surname .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "List_of_Victoria_Cross_recipients_(N–Z)", "score": 0.5483217239379883, "text": "The Victoria Cross ( VC ) is the highest award of the United Kingdom honours system . It is awarded for gallantry `` in the face of the enemy '' to members of the British armed forces . It may be awarded posthumously . It was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries , most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours . It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879 . Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857 , two thirds of all awards have been personally presented by the British monarch . These investitures are usually held at Buckingham Palace . The first citations of the VC , particularly those in the initial gazette of 24 February 1857 , varied in the details of each action ; some specify date ranges while some specify a single date . The original Royal Warrant did not contain a specific clause regarding posthumous awards , although official policy was to not award the VC posthumously . Between 1897 and 1901 , several notices were issued in the London Gazette regarding soldiers who would have been awarded the VC had they survived . In a partial reversal of policy in 1902 , six of the soldiers mentioned were granted the VC , but not `` officially '' awarded the medal . In 1907 , the posthumous policy was completely reversed and medals were sent to the next of kin of the six soldiers . The Victoria Cross warrant was not officially amended to explicitly allow posthumous awards until 1920 , but one quarter of all awards for the First World War were posthumous . Three people have been awarded the VC and Bar , which is a medal for two actions ; Noel Chavasse , Arthur Martin-Leake and Charles Upham . Chavasse received both medals for actions in the First World War , while Martin-Leake was awarded his first VC for actions in the Second Boer War , and his second for actions during the First World War . Charles Upham received both VCs for actions during the Second World War . The Victoria Cross has been awarded 1,358 times to 1,355 individual recipients . The largest number of recipients for one campaign is the First World War , for which 628 medals were awarded to 627 recipients . The largest number awarded for actions on a single day was 24 on 16 November 1857 , at the Second Relief of Lucknow , during the Indian Mutiny . The largest number awarded for a single action was 18 , for the assault on Sikandar Bagh , during the Second Relief of Lucknow . The largest number awarded to one unit during a single action was seven , to the 2nd/24th Foot , for the defence of Rorke 's Drift ( 22 -- 23 January 1879 ) , during the Zulu War . Since 1991 , Australia , Canada and New Zealand have created their own separate Victoria Crosses : the Victoria Cross for Australia , the Victoria Cross for Canada , and the Victoria Cross for New Zealand . Only three of these separate medals have been awarded , all for actions in the War in Afghanistan ; Willie Apiata received the Victoria Cross for New Zealand on 26 July 2007 ; Mark Donaldson received the Victoria Cross for Australia on 16 January 2009 ; and Ben Roberts-Smith was awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia on 23 January 2011 . As these are separate medals , they are not included in this list . The youngest recipient of the VC was Andrew Fitzgibbon , who was fifteen at the time of the action that earned him the VC . By comparison , the oldest recipient was William Raynor at 61 at the time of his action in 1857 . There have been several VCs awarded to close relatives . Four pairs of brothers and three fathers and sons have been awarded the VC . In his book Victoria Cross Heroes , Lord Ashcroft notes the story of the Gough family as possibly the `` bravest family . '' Major Charles Gough was awarded the VC in 1857 for saving his brother , Lieutenant Hugh Gough , who in the same year went on to win a VC of his own , after he charged enemy guns . Charles ' son , John Gough , then went on to win the family 's third VC in 1903 .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Carl_Gustav_of_Sweden", "score": 0.5483078360557556, "text": "Carl Gustav of Sweden - English also often : Charles Gustavus ; Swedish also : Karl Gustav - may refer to : Carl X Gustav , King of Sweden 1654 -- 1660 Carl XVI Gustaf , King of Sweden from 1973 - Present Carl Gustav , Prince of Sweden 1686 , son of King Carl XI ( died in infancy ) Carl Gustav , Prince of Sweden 1782 , son of till King Gustav III ( died in infancy ) Carl Gustav , Prince of Sweden 1802 , son of till King Gustav IV Adolph ( died in infancy )", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Cooper_(given_name)", "score": 0.5483020544052124, "text": "Cooper is a male given name .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Carl_Oscar_Collett", "score": 0.5482660531997681, "text": "Carl Oscar Collett ( 2 February 1922 -- 21 May 2008 ) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party . He was born in Kristiania as a son of forester Oscar Collett ( 1877 -- 1950 ) and Maria Iversen . He was a grandson of Albert Collett and nephew of Arthur , Emil , Johan and Axel Collett . He finished Oslo Commerce School in 1940 and took the examen artium in 1941 . He graduated from the National Forestry Academy in Steinkjer in 1943 , and took the MBA at Harvard Business School in 1949 . In 1948 he married Dagmar Gunla von Sydow Bødtker , a daughter of Henning Bødtker . In 1950 he was hired in the family company Firma Albert Collett . He was a board member from 1954 , and from 1963 to 1971 he owned the company together with Albert P. Collett and manager Andreas Ebbing . In 1971 he was hired as manager of Mathiesen Eidsvold Værk . In 1979 he went on to the Forest Industry Research Council . Collett chaired the Conservative Party in Nord-Trøndelag from 1955 to 1957 , and was a member of the party 's central board the last year . He was a municipal council member in Klinga from 1960 to 1964 and Namsos from 1964 to 1968 . He was a working committee member of the employers ' association -LSB- Skogbrukets Landsforening , Skogbrukets Arbeidsgiverforening -RSB- from 1960 to 1970 , chairing the organization from 1965 to 1969 . He was a board member of the Forestry Association of 1950 from 1959 to 1971 , chairing the organization from 1966 to 1970 . He became a member of the gentlemen 's skiing club SK Fram in 1972 . He was also a supervisory council member of Forsikringsselskapet Viking . He died in May 2008 and was buried at Ris .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Carl_Haessler", "score": 0.5482640266418457, "text": "Carl Haessler ( 1888 -- 1972 ) was an American political activist , conscription resister , newspaper editor , and trade union organizer . He is best remembered as an imprisoned conscientious objector during World War I and as the longtime head of the Federated Press , a left wing news service which supplied content to radical and labor newspapers around the country .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Carl_Freiherr_von_Seckendorff", "score": 0.5482596755027771, "text": "Prussian general of division Carl Freiherr von Seckendorff was one of the founders of Scouting in Germany , along with Maximilian Bayer and Elise von Hopffgarten . He was the first `` Reichsfeldmeister '' ( fieldleader of the realm ) of the Deutscher Pfadfinderbund after World War I. In February 1912 , Bayer , von Seckendorff , Elise von Hopffgarten , and Alexander Lion authored `` Pfadfinderbuch für junge Mädchen '' ( A Scout Book for Girls ) . In its effort to make young women more independent , it was free from patriotic or religious sentiment , and contained references to the women 's movement .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Cathal", "score": 0.5481932759284973, "text": "Cathal is a common given name in the Irish , Scottish Gaelic and English languages . The name is derived from two Celtic elements : the first , cath , means `` battle '' ; the second element , val , means `` rule '' . There is no feminine form of Cathal unlike names such as Adrian . The Gaelic name has several Anglicised forms , such as Cathel , Cahal , Cahill and Kathel . It has also been Anglicised as Charles , although this name is of an entirely different origin as it is derived from a Germanic element , karl , meaning `` free man '' . As is obvious from the list below , the name was in medieval times most popular in Ireland 's two western provinces , Munster and Connacht .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Carl_Ludwig_(Medal_of_Honor)", "score": 0.5481692552566528, "text": "Carl Ludwig was a Private in the Union Army , received the Medal of Honor , on July 30 , 1896 , for his brave and gallant action at the Second Battle of Petersburg , Virginia during the American Civil War .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "C._E._Bechhofer_Roberts", "score": 0.548065721988678, "text": "Carl Eric Bechhofer Roberts ( 1894 -- 1949 ) , best known as C. E. Bechhofer Roberts was a British author and journalist .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Carl_Bergmann_(anatomist)", "score": 0.5479015707969666, "text": "Carl Georg Lucas Christian Bergmann ( 18 May 1814 -- 30 April 1865 ) was a German anatomist , physiologist and biologist who developed the Bergmann 's rule .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Carl_Harries", "score": 0.5478323698043823, "text": "Carl Dietrich Harries ( 5 August 1866 -- 3 November 1923 ) was a German chemist born in Luckenwalde , Brandenburg , Prussia . He received his doctorate in 1892 . In 1900 , he married Hertha von Siemens , daughter of the electrical genius Werner von Siemens , and the inventor of one of the earliest ozone generators . In 1904 , he moved as full professor to the University of Kiel , where he remained until 1916 . During that time he published numerous papers on ozonolysis . His major publication detailing ozonolysis was published in Liebigs Ann . Chem . 1905 , 343 , 311 . Dissatisfied with academic life and having failed to obtain either of two positions at universities , he left academia to become Director of Research at Siemens and Halske . He died on 3 November 1923 of complications following surgery for cancer . His great-grandfather was the German theologian Heinrich Harries .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Carl_Reinhold_Sahlberg", "score": 0.5478270649909973, "text": "Carl Reinhold Sahlberg ( January 22 , 1779 , Eura -- October 18 , 1860 , Yläne ) was a Finnish naturalist , primarily an entomologist specializing in beetles .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Carl_A._Roles", "score": 0.5476943254470825, "text": "Carlton A. Roles ( August 29 , 1903 -- January 16 , 1970 ) was an American Thoroughbred horse racing trainer who served for a time as the President of the California Thoroughbred Trainers Association . Usually known as Carl Roles , he was sometimes referred to by the nickname , `` Slim . '' A Thoroughbred trainer and owner , he trained for prominent stable owners such as Ada L. Rice of Chicago and Hollywood film studio boss , Louis B. Mayer . In the 1930s he met with considerable success as the trainer of Time Supply for owner Frank A. Carreaud . The colt won a number of important races including the Massachusetts Handicap , San Antonio Handicap , San Vicente Handicap , and the Narragansett Special . However , Roles is best known as the trainer of Terrang whose race conditioning he took over in January 1957 after the horse was purchased by his clients , Roland Bond and Lawrence S. Pollock . In the summer of 1966 , the owner of Desert Trial , Muriel Vanderbilt Adams , sent her horse west to trainer Carl Roles where he saddled him to a number of important stakes including back-to-back editions of the Ramona Handicap .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Albert,_Prince_Consort", "score": 0.5476434230804443, "text": "Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ( Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel ; created Prince Consort 1857 ; 26 August 1819 -- 14 December 1861 ) was the husband of Queen Victoria . He was born in the Saxon duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld , to a family connected to many of Europe 's ruling monarchs . At the age of 20 , he married his first cousin , Queen Victoria ; they had nine children . Initially he felt constrained by his role of consort , which did not afford him any power or responsibilities , but gradually developed a reputation for supporting many public causes , such as educational reform and the abolition of slavery worldwide , and was entrusted with running the Queen 's household , office and estates . He was heavily involved with the organisation of the Great Exhibition of 1851 , which was a resounding success . Victoria came to depend more and more on his support and guidance . He aided the development of Britain 's constitutional monarchy by persuading his wife to be less partisan in her dealings with Parliament -- although he actively disagreed with the interventionist foreign policy pursued during Lord Palmerston 's tenure as Foreign Secretary . Albert died at the relatively young age of 42 , plunging the Queen into deep mourning . On her death in 1901 , their eldest son succeeded as Edward VII , the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , named after the ducal house to which Albert belonged .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
36776
Kong: Skull Island is a book.
[ { "id": "Kong:_Skull_Island", "score": 0.7385163307189941, "text": "Kong : Skull Island is a 2017 American action-adventure monster film directed by Jordan Vogt-Roberts and written by Dan Gilroy , Max Borenstein and Derek Connolly , from a story by John Gatins . The film is a reboot of the King Kong franchise and serves as the second film in Legendary 's MonsterVerse . It stars an ensemble cast consisting of Tom Hiddleston , Samuel L. Jackson , John Goodman , Brie Larson , Jing Tian , Toby Kebbell , John Ortiz , Corey Hawkins , Jason Mitchell , Shea Whigham , Thomas Mann , Terry Notary and John C. Reilly . The film follows a team of scientists and Vietnam War soldiers who travel to an uncharted island in the Pacific and encounter terrifying creatures and the mighty Kong . Principal photography took place from October 2015 to March 2016 in Hawaii and various locations around Vietnam . Kong : Skull Island premiered on February 28 , 2017 , in London and was released in the United States on March 10 , 2017 , in 2D , 3D , IMAX 3D and in Dolby Cinemas . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 565 million worldwide against its $ 185 million budget and making it the fifth highest-grossing film of 2017 ." } ]
[ { "id": "King_Kong_(2005_film)", "score": 0.6972973346710205, "text": "King Kong is a 2005 epic monster adventure film co-written , produced , and directed by Peter Jackson . A remake of the 1933 film of the same name , the film stars Naomi Watts , Jack Black , Adrien Brody , and , through motion capture , Andy Serkis as the title character . Set in 1933 , King Kong tells the story of an ambitious filmmaker who coerces his cast and hired ship crew to travel to the mysterious Skull Island . There they encounter Kong , a legendary giant gorilla , whom they capture and take to New York City . Filming for King Kong took place in New Zealand from September 2004 to March 2005 . The project 's budget climbed from an initial $ 150 million to a then-record-breaking $ 207 million . It was released on December 14 , 2005 in Germany and on December 16 in the United States , and made an opening of $ 50.1 million . While it performed lower than expected , King Kong made domestic and worldwide grosses that eventually added up to $ 550 million , becoming the fourth-highest-grossing film in Universal Pictures history . It also generated $ 100 million in DVD sales upon its home video release . The film garnered positive reviews from critics and appeared on several top ten lists for 2005 . It was praised for its special effects , performances , sense of spectacle and comparison to the 1933 original . It won three Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "King_Kong_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6861758828163147, "text": "King Kong is a fictional giant ape from Skull Island who has appeared in several works since 1933 . King Kong may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "King_Kong_(1933_film)", "score": 0.6745650172233582, "text": "King Kong is a 1933 American pre-Code monster adventure film directed and produced by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack . The screenplay by James Ashmore Creelman and Ruth Rose was from an idea conceived by Cooper and Edgar Wallace . It stars Fay Wray , Bruce Cabot and Robert Armstrong , and opened in New York City on March 2 , 1933 , to rave reviews . It has been ranked by Rotten Tomatoes as the greatest horror film of all time and the twentieth greatest film of all time . The film tells of a gigantic , prehistoric , island-dwelling ape called Kong who dies in an attempt to possess a beautiful young woman . King Kong is especially noted for its stop-motion animation by Willis O'Brien and a groundbreaking musical score by Max Steiner . In 1991 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically and aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . It has been remade twice , in 1976 and 2005 , while a reboot , Kong : Skull Island , was released in 2017 .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "King_Kong_(comics)", "score": 0.6729199886322021, "text": "Throughout the decades King Kong has been featured in numerous comic book publications from numerous publishers .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Kong:_The_8th_Wonder_of_the_World", "score": 0.6517534852027893, "text": "Kong : The 8th Wonder of the World is an action/adventure video game developed by Ubisoft for the Nintendo Game Boy Advance . In Europe , it is known as King Kong : The Official Game of the Movie . Due to the limited technology the Game Boy Advance has , King Kong : The 8th Wonder of the World is very different from the home console versions of the game . In this game , players switch between various roles - one being the movie exhibition visiting Skull Island to do filming which comprises actress Ann Darrow , director Carl Denham and scriptwriter Jack Driscoll , and the 25 ft gorilla and king of Skull Island , King Kong . While the overhead human section focuses on puzzle-solving and adventuring elements , Kong sections are combat-oriented side-scrollers .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "King_Kong_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.6506637930870056, "text": "King Kong is one of the best-known figures in cinema history . He and the series of films featuring him are frequently referenced in popular culture around the world . King Kong has achieved the stature of a pop-culture icon and modern myth . King Kong has inspired advertisements , cartoons , comic books , films , magazine covers , plays , poetry , political cartoons , short stories , television programmes , and other media . The forms of references to King Kong range from straight copies to parodies and humorous references .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "King_Kong_vs._Tarzan", "score": 0.6445197463035583, "text": "King Kong Vs. Tarzan is a 2016 novel by Will Murray , featuring the characters created by Edgar Rice Burroughs in a crossover with the characters created by Merian C. Cooper for the novelization of King Kong . It is authorized by Burroughs ' estate .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Tarzan_of_the_Apes", "score": 0.6432149410247803, "text": "Tarzan of the Apes is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs , the first in a series of books about the title character Tarzan . It was first published in the pulp magazine All-Story Magazine in October 1912 . So popular was the character that Burroughs continued the series into the 1940s with two dozen sequels . For the novel 's centennial anniversary , Library of America published a hardcover edition based on the original book in April 2012 with an introduction by Thomas Mallon ( ISBN 978-1-59853-164-0 ) .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Skull_Island:_Reign_of_Kong", "score": 0.6429948210716248, "text": "Skull Island : Reign of Kong is a ride at Islands of Adventure theme park at Universal Orlando in Florida . It began soft openings on June 9 , 2016 , and officially opened on July 13 , 2016 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Kong_the_Untamed", "score": 0.6421135067939758, "text": "Kong the Untamed is a comic book series published by DC Comics that ran for five issues . It was created in 1975 by writer Jack Oleck and artist Alfredo Alcala . The title character , Kong , is an intelligent caveman who is a direct descendant of Anthro , another DC Comics caveman character .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Jurassic_Park_(film)", "score": 0.6409521698951721, "text": "Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science-fiction adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen . The first installment in the Jurassic Park franchise , it is based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton and a screenplay written by Crichton and David Koepp . The film is set on the fictional islet of Isla Nublar , located off Central America 's Pacific Coast near Costa Rica , where a billionaire philanthropist and a small team of genetic scientists have created a wildlife park of cloned dinosaurs . Before Crichton 's novel was published , four studios put in bids for its film rights . With the backing of Universal Studios , Spielberg acquired the rights for $ 1.5 million before its publication in 1990 ; Crichton was hired for an additional $ 500,000 to adapt the novel for the screen . Koepp wrote the final draft , which left out much of the novel 's exposition and violence and made numerous changes to the characters . Filming took place in California and Hawaii between August and November 1992 , and post-production rolled until May 1993 , supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed Schindler 's List . The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic and with life-sized animatronic dinosaurs built by Stan Winston 's team . To showcase the film 's sound design , which included a mixture of various animal noises for the dinosaur roars , Spielberg invested in the creation of DTS , a company specializing in digital surround sound formats . Following an extensive $ 65 million marketing campaign , which included licensing deals with 100 companies , Jurassic Park grossed over $ 900 million worldwide in its original theatrical run , becoming the highest-grossing film ever at the time , a record held until the 1997 release of Titanic . It was well received by critics , who praised its special effects , John Williams ' musical score , and Spielberg 's direction . Following a 3D re-release in 2013 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , Jurassic Park became the 17th film to surpass $ 1 billion in ticket sales , and the film ranks among the 25 highest-grossing films ever . The film won more than twenty awards , including three Academy Awards for its technical achievements in visual effects and sound design . Jurassic Park is considered a landmark in the development of computer-generated imagery and animatronic visual effects , and was followed by three commercially successful sequels , The Lost World : Jurassic Park ( 1997 ) , Jurassic Park III ( 2001 ) , and Jurassic World ( 2015 ) . A fifth installment is scheduled for a 2018 release .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Jaws_(novel)", "score": 0.640410304069519, "text": "Jaws is a 1974 novel by American writer Peter Benchley . It tells the story of a great white shark that preys upon a small resort town and the voyage of three men trying to kill it . The novel grows out of Benchley 's interest in shark attacks after he learned about the exploits of shark fisherman Frank Mundus in 1964 . Doubleday commissioned him to write the novel in 1971 , a period when Benchley struggled as a freelance journalist . Through a marketing campaign orchestrated by Doubleday and paperback publisher Bantam , Jaws was incorporated into many book sales clubs catalogues and attracted media interest . After first publication in February 1974 , the novel was a great success , with the hardback staying on the bestseller list for some 44 weeks and the subsequent paperback selling millions of copies in the following year . Reviews were mixed , with many literary critics finding the prose and characterization lacking despite the novel 's effective suspense . Film producers Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown read the novel before its publication and bought the film rights , selecting Steven Spielberg to direct the film adaptation . The Jaws film , released in June 1975 , omitted many of the novel 's minor subplots , focusing more on the shark and the characterizations of the three protagonists . Jaws became the highest-grossing movie in history up to that point , becoming a watershed film in motion picture history and the father of the summer blockbuster film . Three sequels followed the film .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Carl_Denham", "score": 0.6394199132919312, "text": "Carl Denham is a fictional character in the films King Kong and Son of Kong ( both released in 1933 ) , as well as in the 2005 remake of King Kong , and a 2004 illustrated-novel titled Kong : King of Skull Island . The role was played by Robert Armstrong in the 1933 films and by Jack Black in the 2005 remake . Denham 's function in the story is to initiate the action by bringing the characters to Skull Island , where they encounter the giant beast Kong . Denham then brings Kong to New York City to put him on display as entertainment , but he escapes and rampages through the city .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "On_Jungle_Trails", "score": 0.6383291482925415, "text": "On Jungle Trails is a book-length compilation of Frank Buck 's stories describing how he captures wild animals . For many years , this book was a fifth grade reader in the Texas public schools , approved for state-wide use . Some of the facts Buck relates are observational , such as his description of the pangolin , a scaly anteater , getting his fill of red ants . Among the other accounts : Buck describes the capture of a man-eating tiger ( the only one , he explains , which was ever brought to America , the Man-eater of Johore ) ; Buck traps a rare clouded leopard when , contrary to the usual leopard habit , the cat takes refuge in a tree ; Buck writes of trapping elephants and crocodiles ; Buck tells of seizing of `` the largest orangutan ever captured alive . '' Buck brought these animals back to America ; but when he obtained several tiny Malaysian mouse deer , the smallest deer in the world , weighing two pounds , and made pets of them , a quarantine against ruminating animals made it impossible to bring them into the United States . Buck 's writes of his jungle camp and his methods for feeding and caring for his animals . At the end of the book there is a partial list of animals which Buck brought back alive to America . In an appendix there are several pages of information about various Asian animals , reptiles and birds . Buck emphasizes his refusal to kill animals and his insistence on kindness to them . `` Wherever I go , children mention this book to me and tell me how much they learned about animals and the jungle from it , '' said Buck .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Tarzan_(book_series)", "score": 0.6371907591819763, "text": "Tarzan is a series of twenty-four adventure novels written by Edgar Rice Burroughs , followed by several novels either co-written by Burroughs , or officially authorized by his estate . There are also two works written by Burroughs especially for children that are not considered part of the main series . The series is considered a classic of literature and is the author 's best-known work . Tarzan has been called one of the best-known literary characters in the world . Written by Burroughs between 1912 and 1965 , Tarzan has been adapted many times , complete or in part , for radio , television , stage , and cinema . ( It has been adapted for the cinema more times than any book except Dracula . ) Even though the copyright on Tarzan of the Apes has expired in the United States , the name Tarzan is still protected as a trademark of Edgar Rice Burroughs , Inc. . Also , the work remains under copyright in some other countries where copyright terms are longer .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Jumanji_(picture_book)", "score": 0.6365183591842651, "text": "Jumanji is a 1981 fantasy children 's picture book , written and illustrated by the American author Chris Van Allsburg . It was made into a 1995 film of the same name . Both the book and the film are about a magical board game that implements real animals and other jungle elements as the game is played ; thus the dangers which the players have to overcome in the game also appear in real life . Jumanji star Robin Williams claimed `` jumanji '' is a Zulu word meaning `` many effects , '' and Van Allsburg does as well . Fritz , a bull terrier in all of Chris Van Allsburg 's books , appears as a toy dog on wheels in the third illustration .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "All_in_a_Lifetime", "score": 0.6360812187194824, "text": "All in a Lifetime by Frank Buck , with Ferrin Fraser , is Buck 's autobiography . Buck spent much of his life collecting wild animals and as a boy was a bit wild himself . He became a bellhop in a Chicago hotel , got into bad company , and just missed becoming a safe blower . He was `` a fighting fool , '' who `` loved the lusty thud of fists on flesh . '' Buck 's marriage to Amy Leslie , drama critic for the Chicago Daily News , brought him in contact with many people of the stage . But the open spaces called him , and with $ 3,500 he won in a poker game he embarked on a career trademarked by the slogan `` Bring 'em back alive . '' His first expedition took him to Brazil , where he bought from native trappers an assortment of jungle birds . Other expeditions followed , and Buck brought back wild animals of all kinds . Buck himself became expert in the trapping of jungle beasts . He explains how to catch a live python and how to determine whether the serpent is sick or not ; you simply examine his mouth , and if it has a clean pink tint , the python is healthy . A paler shade with red blotches on the jaws and inner lips mean that the snake will almost certainly die soon . Buck makes the surprising confession that he has a deep-seated fear of riding in airplanes . This anxiety kept him from accepting Martin Johnson 's invitation to accompany him on the 1937 trip that was Johnson 's last tragic flight . Buck also escaped death when he was locked for several hours in a steamship refrigerator . He says the experience left him with a bad case of claustrophobia , and that he can not bear the thought of a plane 's small cabin with a locked door .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Kong:_The_Animated_Series", "score": 0.6360114216804504, "text": "Kong : The Animated Series was an American-Canadian television series for children that follows King Kong , the monster of the 1933 film of the same name . Kong was created to compete with Godzilla : The Series , and first aired on BKN in 2000 . In May 2001 , Fox Kids began airing reruns of the first 13 episodes . Then , Jetix began airing reruns on September 9 , 2005 , as a prelude to the release of Peter Jackson 's King Kong . Additionally , two direct-to-DVD movies based on the series were released : Kong : King of Atlantis , where Kong fights to save the mythic island from a vicious snake sorceress ( and which also contains three musical numbers ; the only Kong film to do so ) in 2005 and Kong : Return to the Jungle , where poachers capture Kong and other animals from his island to sell to a zoo , in 2007 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "King_Kong_(1976_film)", "score": 0.6343269944190979, "text": "King Kong is a 1976 American monster film produced by Dino De Laurentiis and directed by John Guillermin . It is a modern remake of the 1933 classic film of the same name , about a giant ape that is captured and imported to New York City for exhibition . Featuring special effects by Carlo Rambaldi , it stars Jeff Bridges , Charles Grodin , and Jessica Lange in her first film role . The remake 's screenplay was written by Lorenzo Semple Jr. , based on the 1933 screenplay by James Ashmore Creelman and Ruth Rose , from the original idea by Merian C. Cooper and Edgar Wallace . The film was the fifth highest grossing film of 1977 according to box office statistics compiled during its release by Variety , Box Office Mojo published a list indicating it was the 7th highest grossing film of 1976 in North America . It won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , and was also nominated for Best Cinematography and Best Sound . It is the only King Kong film to feature the World Trade Center instead of the Empire State Building . A sequel titled King Kong Lives was released in 1986 .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Planet_of_the_Apes", "score": 0.6304506659507751, "text": "Planet of the Apes is an American science fiction media franchise consisting of films , books , television series , comics , and other media about a world in which humans and intelligent apes clash for control . The series began with French author Pierre Boulle 's 1963 novel La Planète des Singes , translated into English as Planet of the Apes or Monkey Planet . The 1968 film adaptation , Planet of the Apes , was a critical and commercial hit , initiating a series of sequels , tie-ins , and derivative works . Arthur P. Jacobs produced the series under APJAC Productions until his death in 1973 ; since then 20th Century Fox has owned the franchise . Four sequels followed the original film between 1970 and 1973 : Beneath the Planet of the Apes , Escape from the Planet of the Apes , Conquest of the Planet of the Apes , and Battle for the Planet of the Apes . They did not approach the critical acclaim of the original , but were commercially successful . The series also spawned two television series in 1974 and 1975 . Plans for a film remake stalled in `` development hell '' for over ten years before Tim Burton 's Planet of the Apes was released in 2001 . A new reboot film series commenced in 2011 with Rise of the Planet of the Apes , which was followed by Dawn of the Planet of the Apes in 2014 ; another sequel , titled War for the Planet of the Apes , is planned for a 2017 release . Other media and merchandising tie-ins include books , comics , video games , and toys . Planet of the Apes has received particular attention for its treatment of race , which critics consider its primary theme . Critics have also written on its Cold War and animal rights themes . The series has had a wide influence on subsequent films , media , and art , as well as popular culture and political discourse .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
137323
The Challenge was a scripted show.
[ { "id": "The_Challenge_(TV_series)", "score": 0.6887283325195312, "text": "The Challenge ( originally known as Road Rules : All Stars , followed by Real World/Road Rules Challenge ) is a reality game show on MTV that is spun off from the network 's two reality shows , Real World and Road Rules . It features alumni from these two shows , in addition to first-time cast members called ` Fresh Meat ' , alumni from Are You the One ? , and relatives of these cast members called ` Bloodlines ' , competing against one another for a cash prize . The Challenge is currently hosted by T. J. Lavin . The series premiered on June 1 , 1998 . The title of the show was originally Road Rules : All Stars before it was renamed Real World/Road Rules Challenge by the show 's 2nd season , then later abridged to simply The Challenge by the show 's 19th season . The series initially used no hosts but instead a former cast member who had been kicked off his or her season , providing assignments as `` Mr. '' or `` Ms. Big '' ( David `` Puck '' Rainey , David Edwards , and Gladys Sanabria served this role ) . Later on , however , the series began using hosts : Eric Nies and Mark Long co-hosted a season , and Jonny Moseley and Dave Mirra hosted various seasons before T. J. Lavin became the show 's regular host by the 11th season . Since the 4th season , each season has supplied the show with a unique subtitle , such as Rivals . Each season consists of a format and theme whereby the subtitle is derived . Of each season 's format and theme , 8 have been repeated or revamped through sequel seasons with shared subtitles . In chronological order , these include : Battle of the Sexes ( tied to Battle of the Sexes II , the show 's first sequel season ) ; The Inferno ( tied to The Inferno II and The Inferno III , the show 's first trilogy ) ; The Gauntlet ( tied to The Gauntlet II and The Gauntlet III ) ; The Duel ( tied to The Duel II ) ; Fresh Meat ( tied to Fresh Meat II ) , Battle of the Seasons ( tied to the second Battle of the Seasons ) ; Rivals ( tied to Rivals II and Rivals III ) ; and Battle of the Exes ( tied to Battle of the Exes II ) . The current 29th season , entitled Invasion of the Champions , premiered on February 7 , 2017 and concluded on May 16 , 2017 ." } ]
[ { "id": "The_Challenge_XXX:_Dirty_30", "score": 0.6534435153007507, "text": "The Challenge XXX : Dirty 30 is the thirtieth season of the MTV reality competition series , The Challenge . The rumored individual format was filmed in Colombia , with alumni from Real World , Road Rules , The Challenge ( Spring Break Challenge , Fresh Meat II , and Battle of the Bloodlines ) , and Are You the One ? competing .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Shaq's_Big_Challenge", "score": 0.6519941687583923, "text": "Shaq 's Big Challenge is a reality television show hosted by Shaquille O'Neal that debuted on ABC with its first episode on June 26 , 2007 , and concluded its first season on July 31 , 2007 . It featured Shaq 's efforts to help six severely obese middle school aged children from Broward County , Florida lose weight and gain a healthy lifestyle . It aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm ET/PT and 8:00 pm CT on ABC . The events of the six episodes take place over a period of nine months . The challenge was originally scheduled to last five months , but near the end , Shaq and the kids decided to extend it another four months . All kids started out in either the obese or the morbidly obese category and were unable to produce adequate results in the President 's Physical Fitness Test , and by the end they were all within the normal or overweight categories and passed the President 's Physical Fitness Test in all areas . The show debuted to low ratings , though it can be attributed , and is attributed by ABC as well as critics , to the fact that the show shared a time slot with the highly successful America 's Got Talent and reruns of the immensely popular House . Critics , parents , and educational institutions lauded the show for its accuracy , humor , emotion , sincerity , and lack of exploitation . The two schools featured in the show are Pines Middle School and Olsen Middle School , both of which are part of Broward County Public Schools .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Caesars_Challenge", "score": 0.6518943905830383, "text": "Caesars Challenge is an American game show that aired on NBC from June 14 , 1993 to January 14 , 1994 and emanated from the Circus Maximus Theatre inside Caesars Palace in Las Vegas , Nevada . Ahmad Rashād hosted the series and , in keeping with the theme of the show 's location , he was assisted by a man dressed as a Roman gladiator . Dan Doherty played the role for most of the show 's run , with Chad Brown and Zach Ruby handling the earliest episodes before Doherty joined the show . The show was a co-production of Rosner Television and Stephen J. Cannell Productions .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "My_Own", "score": 0.6510888934135437, "text": "My Own is a scripted series aired on MTV . The show features a person who pretends to be obsessed with a celebrity , and a group of six contestants resembling that celebrity who compete to win a date with the obsessed person . The contestant who is believed to most closely match the celebrity wins after several rounds of competition , including a live singing performance .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "The_Amazing_Race", "score": 0.6509319543838501, "text": "The Amazing Race is a reality television game show in which teams of two people race around the world in competition with other teams . Contestants strive to arrive first at `` Pit Stops '' at the end of each leg of the race to win prizes and to avoid coming in last , which carries the possibility of elimination or a significant disadvantage in the following leg . Contestants travel to and within multiple countries in a variety of transportation modes , including airplanes , hot air balloons , helicopters , trucks , bicycles , taxicabs , cars , trains , buses , boats , and by foot . Clues provided in each leg lead the teams to the next destination or direct them to perform a task , either together or by a single member . These challenges are related in some manner to the country wherein they are located or its culture . Teams are progressively eliminated until three are left ; at that point , the team that arrives first in the final leg is awarded the grand prize . Created by Elise Doganieri and Bertram van Munster , the original series has aired in the United States since 2001 and has earned thirteen Primetime Emmy Awards , including every award from 2003 to 2009 for `` Outstanding Reality-Competition Program . '' Emmy-award-winning New Zealand television personality Phil Keoghan has been the host of the U.S. version of the show since its inception . The show has branched out to include a number of international versions following a similar format .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Extra_Challenge", "score": 0.649873673915863, "text": "Extra Challenge '' ' is a Philippine reality show ( formerly lifestyle show ) developed by GMA News and Public Affairs which premiered in 1999 . As a reality competition , Extra Challenge '' features celebrities pitted against each other in several challenges . The show is patterned after American reality-based series , such as Survivor , The Amazing Race , and Fear Factor ; Extra Challenge , however , offers a distinctly Filipino style to entice and entertain local viewers as it fuses the trends of the reality show into a single program . Majority of the contestants featured are celebrities , contrasting the standard of their American counterparts . Another deviation is that the hosts themselves initiate or participate in the challenges .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "List_of_American_Gladiators_events", "score": 0.6493174433708191, "text": "American Gladiators was an athletic competition game show where contestants , referred to as `` contenders '' , competed against the show 's titular Gladiators in a series of physical games called `` events '' with the goal to be crowned the Grand Champion at the end of the season and win thousands of dollars in cash and prizes . Over the course of the original series and a 2008 revival , twenty-three events were conceived . Each event was scored , with the objectives for scoring differing from event to event . When the original series premiered in 1989 , points were awarded in . multiples of five . Following a reconfiguration of the show 's format in 1990 , points were awarded in numbers ranging from one to ten ; this carried over for the remainder of the original series and the 2008 revival . The amount of events per episode ranged from six to eight on the original series depending on the season , while the 2008 revival ranged from five to seven depending on the season and round of play . The one constant was the final event , The Eliminator .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Food_Network_Challenge", "score": 0.6472746729850769, "text": "Food Network Challenge was a competitive cooking television series that aired on the Food Network . In each episode , professional chefs vie in a timed competition in their professional specialty . The winner receives a check for $ 10,000 and a gold medal .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Challenge_(TV_channel)", "score": 0.6466517448425293, "text": "Challenge is a British digital television channel owned by Sky plc. . The channel mostly transmits game shows from the UK and around the world , with some original productions .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "The_Challenge:_Champs_vs._Pros", "score": 0.6441046595573425, "text": "The Challenge : Champs vs. Pros is a special mini-series that is spun off from MTV 's long-running reality game show , The Challenge . In the six-week event , ten Challenge greats will compete against ten professional athletes . The series premiered on Tuesday , May 16 , 2017 , and is hosted by NFL wide receiver Victor Cruz . Contestants will be competing to win $ 50,000 to donate to the charity of their choice . The format features alumni from Real World , Road Rules , Spring Break Challenge , and Fresh Meat II , competing with athletes who have participated in professional leagues and events such as the National Football League , Women 's National Basketball Association , Ultimate Fighting Championship , World Surfing Championship , along with the Winter and Summer Olympics .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Live-action_game", "score": 0.642088770866394, "text": "A live-action game is a game where the participants act out their characters ' actions .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Real_World/Road_Rules_Challenge:_The_Duel", "score": 0.6408378481864929, "text": "Real World/Road Rules Challenge : The Duel is the 13th season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge ( at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge ) . The season is directly subsequent to Fresh Meat . The Duel took place in Búzios , Brazil , with former cast members from MTV series The Real World and Road Rules competing , along with several cast members from the previous Challenge , Fresh Meat . The host of The Duel was T. J. Lavin . The season differed from previous Challenge seasons in that no teams were assigned , as it was every man and woman for themselves . The surviving male and female cast member would win $ 150,000 each . The season was watched by a total of 83 million viewers . The Duel premiered on October 12 , 2006 , and concluded on January 18 , 2007 . This is the first edition of The Duel series , with The Duel II following in 2009 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Real_World/Road_Rules_Challenge:_The_Island", "score": 0.6392138600349426, "text": "Real World/Road Rules Challenge : The Island is the 16th season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge ( at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge ) . Like previous seasons of The Challenge , The Island featured cast members from various past seasons of The Real World and Road Rules , of which The Challenge was a spin-off , competing along with several cast members from the Fresh Meat challenge . This season featured the contestants `` stranded '' on an island off the coast of Panama , where the cast competed for a buried treasure chest filled with $ 300,000 USD in gold . Unlike in previous Challenges , the cast was not housed in a luxurious dwelling , but was `` forced '' to improvise and `` work '' for the basic necessities of food and shelter , as on the TV series Survivor . Unlike previous seasons of The Challenge , there were no predetermined teams . Instead , the cast members had to forge their own alliances . Of the twenty cast members , there were only four winners . The Island premiered on September 10 , 2008 , and concluded on October 29 , 2008 .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Real_World/Road_Rules_Challenge:_The_Gauntlet_III", "score": 0.6381974220275879, "text": "Real World/Road Rules Challenge : The Gauntlet III is the 15th season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge ( at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge ) . Being the third in The Gauntlet series , The Gauntlet III marked the show 's 2nd trilogy ( Inferno III is the first ) , continuing on from The Gauntlet ( 7th season ) and The Gauntlet 2 ( 11th season ) . The season was filmed in Riviera Nayarita , Mexico , with former cast members from The Real World and Road Rules competing , along with several cast members from the Fresh Meat challenge . This season was in the format of two teams : Veterans vs. Rookies , with a format similar to The Gauntlet 2 . The contestants on the Veterans team had been on at least two prior seasons of the Challenge , and the contestants on the Rookies team had been on fewer than two prior seasons .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_Jackass_episodes", "score": 0.6380986571311951, "text": "Jackass was an American reality series , originally shown on MTV from 2000 to 2002 , featuring people performing various dangerous , crude , ridiculous , self-injuring stunts and pranks .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Road_Rules:_All_Stars", "score": 0.6360786557197571, "text": "Road Rules : All Stars is the first season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge . Unlike later seasons , the show followed alumni of The Real World as they went on a typical Road Rules-type adventure around the United States in a non-competitive format . It is the only season without the term Challenge in its title . The season premiered on June 1 , 1998 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Real_World/Road_Rules_Challenge:_The_Ruins", "score": 0.635673463344574, "text": "Real World Road Rules Challenge : The Ruins is the 18th season of the MTV reality television game show , The Challenge ( at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge ) . The Ruins took place in Phuket , Thailand , with cast members from The Real World , Road Rules and Fresh Meat competing . This season was played in the format of two teams -- Champions and Challengers ; players on the Champions team had won at least one previous challenge , while players on the Challengers team had never won a challenge . This is the last season to use Real World/Road Rules in the on-screen title , before being shortened to The Challenge in the 19th season . The season premiered on September 30 , 2009 and concluded with the `` S # ! t They Should Have Shown '' special on December 23 , 2009 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "America's_Psychic_Challenge", "score": 0.6352187395095825, "text": "America 's Psychic Challenge was a competitive reality TV series on the Lifetime Television Network . The show originated in the UK with the title Britain 's Psychic Challenge . Bunim-Murray Productions produced the American version for Lifetime TV . During a national search of thousands , sixteen self-professed psychics were interviewed and tested to gain a spot to compete on television . For the program , tests were created by the production company with the stated goal of assessing contestants ' supernatural abilities . As each psychic is tested , he or she is awarded points based on the results of the tests . At the end of every show , the two psychics with the highest scores move forward to continue in the competition , and the low-scored contestants leave the series . Ultimately , the final two psychics face off to compete for the grand prize of $ 100,000 and the title of `` America 's # 1 Psychic '' . The show premiered on the Lifetime Television Network on October 12 , 2007 . Eight episodes aired with John Burke as the show host . The winner of the first season was Michelle Whitedove . In the final challenge , Whitedove and her challenger Jackie Barrett were handed a photograph of a man . As psychic detectives , they were given thirty minutes to find a stuntman that was buried underground in ten acres of California desert . Whitedove laid the photograph of the man on the exact location , as men dug up the box in which a stuntman lay buried with an oxygen tank . Other competitors were Tori Allah , Jeff Baker , Sloan Bella , Jamie Clark , Silvana Fillmore , Joseph McBratney , Lynn Miller , Naryza Sanchez ~ Author of Insights from Along the Way `` The Fabulous Woman 's Divine Guidance Tool , '' Expert Empath & Messenger of Divine Insights , Catherine Powell , Karyn Reese , Zenobia Simmons , Kim Stempien , Joseph Tittel , and Robin Zodiac . February 2011 winner Michelle Whitedove was invited to participate in Psychic Challenge International or Het Zesde Zintuig . Winners from six countries were brought together for extreme psychic challenges in the Netherlands . As of January 2012 , the Psychic Challenge format has gained worldwide success . Zodiac Rights was sold the Psychic Challenge franchise and script into 15 countries or territories : USA , Norway , Great Britain , Bulgaria , the Netherlands , Denmark , Estonia , Belgium , Romania , Chile , Australia , Russia ( on the TNT channel ) , Latvia , and Ukraine ( on the STB channel ) . Russia is airing the sixteenth season , and Ukraine is airing the fifteenth season .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Steve_Austin's_Broken_Skull_Challenge", "score": 0.6352028846740723, "text": "Steve Austin 's Broken Skull Challenge is an American reality television competition show that premiered on July 6 , 2014 on CMT . It is created and hosted by former professional wrestler Steve Austin . It has completed airing its fourth season which was announced by CMT on July 13 , 2016 , premiered November 13 , and finished airing January 29 , 2017 . New episodes aired every Sunday at 10 pm EST. .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Game_show", "score": 0.6325356960296631, "text": "A game show is a type of radio , television , or internet programming genre in which contestants , television personalities or celebrities , sometimes as part of a team , play a game which involves answering questions or solving puzzles usually for money and/or prizes . Alternatively , a gameshow can be a demonstrative program about a game ( while usually retaining the spirit of an awards ceremony ) . In the former , contestants may be invited from a pool of public applicants . On some shows , contestants compete against other players or another team , while other shows involve contestants playing alone for a reward or a high score . Game shows often reward players with prizes such as cash , trips and goods and services provided by the show 's sponsor prize suppliers , who in turn usually do so for the purposes of product placement . One of the reasons that television broadcasters make game shows is because they are substantially less costly than producing scripted drama shows . Some TV game shows fall under the category of reality television .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
113118
Berlin is the capital of Germany.
[ { "id": "Berlin", "score": 0.8986865282058716, "text": "Berlin ( -LSB- bəɹˈlɪn -RSB- , -LSB- bɛɐ̯ˈliːn -RSB- ) is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its 16 constituent states . With a population of approximately 3.7 million , Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union . Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of the rivers Spree and Havel , it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region , which has roughly 6 million residents from more than 180 nations . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . Around one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 14171701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701 -- 1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871 -- 1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919 -- 1933 ) and the Third Reich ( 1933 -- 1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world . After World War II and its subsequent occupation by the victorious countries , the city was divided ; East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany , while West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave , surrounded by the Berlin Wall ( 1961 -- 1989 ) and East German territory . Following German reunification in 1990 , Berlin once again became the capital of all-Germany . Berlin is a world city of culture , politics , media and science . Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector , encompassing a diverse range of creative industries , research facilities , media corporations and convention venues . Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network . The metropolis is a popular tourist destination . Significant industries also include IT , pharmaceuticals , biomedical engineering , clean tech , biotechnology , construction and electronics . Modern Berlin is home to world renowned universities , orchestras , museums , entertainment venues and is host to many sporting events . Its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions . The city is well known for its festivals , diverse architecture , nightlife , contemporary arts and a high quality of living . Since the 2000s Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene ." } ]
[ { "id": "Media_in_Berlin", "score": 0.8423776626586914, "text": "Berlin is a major media centre in Germany and Europe .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Germany", "score": 0.8145838975906372, "text": "Germany ( listen ) , is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe . It includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,021 km2 , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With about 82 million inhabitants , Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union . After the United States , it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world . Germany 's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr ( main centres : Dortmund and Essen ) . The country 's other major cities are Hamburg , Munich , Cologne , Frankfurt , Stuttgart , Düsseldorf , Leipzig , Bremen , Dresden , Hannover and Nuremberg . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before 100 AD . During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . The remains of the Holy Roman Empire formed the German Confederation in 1815 , while the German revolutions of 1848 -- 49 established major democratic rights first . In 1871 , Germany became a nation state when most of the German states were unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire . After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918 -- 1919 , the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic . In 1933 the Nazi seizure of power quickly led to the establishment of Nazi Germany which was built upon a dictatorship and consequently led to World War II and one of the biggest genocides in history , the Holocaust . By 1945 Germany and most of Europe were left in destruction and ruins . After the end of World War II in Europe and a period of Allied occupation , two German states were founded : the democratic Federal Republic of Germany ( commonly known as West Germany ) and the socialist German Democratic Republic ( commonly known as East Germany ) . A wall encircling West Berlin was created on August 13 , 1961 , and was torn down on November 9 , 1989 . On 3 October 1990 , the country was reunified . In the 21st century , Germany is a great power and has the world 's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP , as well as the fifth-largest by PPP . As a global leader in several industrial and technological sectors , it is both the world 's third-largest exporter and importer of goods . Germany is a developed country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled and productive society . It upholds a social security and universal health care system , environmental protection and a tuition-free university education . The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the European Union in 1993 . It is part of the Schengen Area , and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999 . Germany is a member of the United Nations , NATO , the G8 , the G20 , and the OECD . The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world . Known for its rich cultural history , Germany has been continuously the home of influential and successful artists , philosophers , musicians , sportspeople , entrepreneurs , scientists , engineers , and inventors .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "List_of_quotes_featuring_Berlin", "score": 0.812092661857605, "text": "This articles shows a list of quotes featuring Berlin , the capital city of Germany .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Ferry_transport_in_Berlin", "score": 0.8010637760162354, "text": "Berlin , the capital city of Germany , has an extensive network of rivers , lakes and canals . As a consequence ferry transport forms a part of the transport network of Berlin .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "History_of_Berlin", "score": 0.7971524000167847, "text": "The history of Berlin starts with its foundation in the 13th century , and later became the capital of the small country of Prussia . Prussia grew rapidly in the 18th and 19th century , and formed the basis of the German Empire in 1871 . After 1900 Berlin became a major world city , known for its leadership roles in science , the humanities , music , museums , higher education , government , diplomacy and military affairs . It also had a role in manufacturing and finance . During World War II , it was virtually destroyed by bombing , artillery , and ferocious street-by-street fighting . It was split between the victors , and lost its world leadership roles . With the reunification of Germany in 1990 , Berlin was restored as a capital and as a major world city .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "States_of_Germany", "score": 0.7833864688873291, "text": "Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen states ( Land , plural Länder ; informally also Bundesland , plural Bundesländer ) . Since today 's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states , it has a federal constitution , and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty . With an emphasis on geographical conditions , Berlin and Hamburg are frequently called Stadtstaaten ( city-states ) , as is the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen , which in fact includes the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven . The remaining 13 states are called Flächenländer ( literally : ` area states ' ) . The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states ( which were previously under American , British , and French administration ) created in the aftermath of World War II . Initially , in 1949 , the states of the Federal Republic were Baden , Bavaria ( in German : Bayern ) , Bremen , Hamburg , Hesse ( Hessen ) , Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen ) , North Rhine-Westphalia ( Nordrhein-Westfalen ) , Rhineland-Palatinate ( Rheinland-Pfalz ) , Schleswig-Holstein , Württemberg-Baden ( until 1952 ) , and Württemberg-Hohenzollern ( until 1952 ) . West Berlin , while officially not part of the Federal Republic , was largely integrated and considered as a de facto state . In 1952 , following a referendum , Baden , Württemberg-Baden , and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg . In 1957 , the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland . German reunification in 1990 , in which the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) ascended into the Federal Republic , resulted in the addition of the re-established eastern states of Brandenburg , Mecklenburg-West Pomerania ( Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ) , Saxony ( Sachsen ) , Saxony-Anhalt ( Sachsen-Anhalt ) , and Thuringia ( Thüringen ) , as well as the reunification of West and East Berlin into Berlin and its establishment as a full and equal state . A regional referendum in 1996 to merge Berlin with surrounding Brandenburg as `` Berlin-Brandenburg '' failed to reach the necessary majority vote in Brandenburg , while a majority of Berliners voted in favour of the merger . Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany . According to the German constitution ( Basic Law , or Grundgesetz ) , some topics , such as foreign affairs and defense , are the exclusive responsibility of the federation ( i.e. , the federal level ) , while others fall under the shared authority of the states and the federation ; the states retain residual legislative authority for all other areas , including `` culture '' , which in Germany includes not only topics such as financial promotion of arts and sciences , but also most forms of education and job training . Though international relations including international treaties are primarily the responsibility of the federal level , the constituent states have certain limited powers in this area : in matters that affect them directly , the states defend their interests at the federal level through the -LSB- Bundesrat of Germany , Bundesrat -RSB- ( `` Federal Council '' , the upper house of the German Federal Parliament ) and in areas where they have legislative authority they have limited powers to conclude international treaties `` with the consent of the federal government '' .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "LGBT_culture_in_Berlin", "score": 0.7794279456138611, "text": "Berlin , the capital city of Germany , has an active LGBT community with a long history . Berlin has many gay districts , with the biggest of them , Schöneberg , also being the first in the world .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Timeline_of_Berlin", "score": 0.7788134217262268, "text": "The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Berlin , Germany .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Capital_of_Germany", "score": 0.7783426642417908, "text": "The capital of Germany is the city state of Berlin . It is the seat of the President of Germany , whose official residence is Schloss Bellevue . The Bundesrat ( `` federal council '' ) is the representation of the Federal States ( Bundesländer ) of Germany and has its seat at the former Prussian Herrenhaus ( House of Lords ) . Though most of the ministries are seated in Berlin , some of them , as well as some minor departments , are seated in Bonn , the former capital of West Germany .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "West_Germany", "score": 0.7739084959030151, "text": "West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG ( -LSB- Bundesrepublik Deutschland or BRD ( Germany ) , BRD -RSB- République fédérale d'Allemagne or RFA ) in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990 . During this Cold War era , NATO-aligned West Germany and Warsaw Pact-aligned East Germany were divided by the Inner German border . After 1961 West Berlin was physically separated from East Berlin as well as from East Germany by the Berlin Wall . This situation ended when East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the ten states of the Federal Republic of Germany along with the reunified city-state of Berlin . With the reunification of West and East Germany , the Federal Republic of Germany , enlarged now to sixteen states , became known simply as `` Germany '' . This period is referred to as the Bonn Republic ( Bonner Republik ) by historians , alluding to the interwar Weimar Republic and the post-reunification Berlin Republic . The Federal Republic of Germany was established from eleven states formed in the three Allied Zones of occupation held by the United States , the United Kingdom and France ( the `` Western Zones '' ) . US and British forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War . Its population grew from roughly 51 million in 1950 to more than 63 million in 1990 . The city of Bonn was its de facto capital city ( Berlin was symbolically named the de jure capital city in the West German Basic Law ) . The fourth Allied occupation zone ( the East Zone , or Ostzone ) was held by the Soviet Union . The parts of this zone lying east of the Oder-Neisse were annexed by Communist Poland ; the remaining central part around Berlin became the communist German Democratic Republic ( abbreviated GDR ; in German Deutsche Demokratische Republik or DDR ) with its de facto capital in East Berlin . As a result , West Germany had a territory about half the size of the interbellum democratic Weimar Republic . At the onset of the Cold War , Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs . Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories , the Saarland and divided Berlin . The Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , considering itself to be the democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871 -- 1945 German Reich . It took the line that the GDR was an illegally constituted puppet state . Though the GDR did hold regular elections , these were not free and fair . From the West German perspective the GDR was therefore illegitimate . Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952 , and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 . In addition to the resulting ten states , West Berlin was considered an unofficial de facto 11th state . While legally not part of the Federal Republic of Germany , as Berlin was under the control of the Allied Control Council , West Berlin aligned itself politically with West Germany and was directly or indirectly represented in its federal institutions . Relations with the Soviet bloc improved during the era of `` Neue Ostpolitik '' around 1970 , and West Germany began taking the line of `` two German states within one German nation '' , but formally maintained the exclusive mandate . It recognised the GDR as a de facto government within a single German nation that in turn was represented de jure by the West German state alone . From 1973 onward , East Germany recognised the existence of two German countries de jure , and the West as both de facto and de jure foreign country . The Federal Republic and the GDR agreed that neither of them could speak in the name of the other . The foundation for the influential position held by Germany today was laid during the Wirtschaftswunder ( economic miracle ) of the 1950s when West Germany rose from the enormous destruction wrought by World War II to become the world 's third largest economy . The first chancellor Konrad Adenauer , who remained in office until 1963 , had worked for a full alignment with NATO rather than neutrality . He not only secured a membership in NATO but was also a proponent of agreements that developed into the present-day European Union . When the G6 was established in 1975 , there was no question whether the Federal Republic of Germany would be a member as well . With the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989 , symbolised by the opening of the Berlin Wall , there was a rapid move towards German reunification . East Germany voted to dissolve itself and accede to the Federal Republic in 1990 . Its five post-war states ( Länder ) were reconstituted along with the reunited Berlin , which ended its special status and formed an additional Land . They formally joined the Federal Republic on 3 October 1990 , raising the number of states from 10 to 16 , ending the division of Germany . The expanded Federal Republic retained West Germany 's political culture and continued its existing memberships in international organisations , as well as its Western foreign policy alignment and affiliation to Western alliances like NATO and the European Union .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Berlin_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.7738308906555176, "text": "Berlin is the capital of Germany . Berlin may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Brandenburg", "score": 0.7724480628967285, "text": "Brandenburg ( ; Brannenborg , Lower Sorbian : Bramborska ) is one of the sixteen federated states of Germany . It lies in the northeast of the country covering an area of 29,478 square kilometers and has 2.48 million inhabitants . The capital and largest city is Potsdam . Brandenburg surrounds but does not include the national capital and city-state Berlin forming a metropolitan area . Originating in the medieval Northern March , the Margraviate of Brandenburg grew to become the core of the Kingdom of Prussia , which would later become the Free State of Prussia with part being the province of Brandenburg . Brandenburg is one of the federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former East Germany and West Germany .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Demographics_of_Berlin", "score": 0.7596144676208496, "text": "In December 2015 , the city-state of Berlin had a population of 3,520,031 registered inhabitants in an area of 891.82 km2 . The city 's population density was 3,944 inhabitants per km ² . Berlin is Germany 's largest city and the second most populous city in the European Union . In December 2015 , 621,075 registered residents were of foreign nationality , originating from approximately 190 different countries .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "East_Germany", "score": 0.7594837546348572, "text": "East Germany , formally the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ; Deutsche Demokratische Republik -LSB- ˈdɔʏtʃə demoˈkʀaːtɪʃə ʀepuˈbliːk -RSB- , DDR ) , was a socialist state in central-western Europe , during the Cold War period . From 1949 to 1990 , it administered the region of Germany that was occupied by Soviet forces at the end of World War II -- the Soviet Occupation Zone of the Potsdam Agreement , bounded on the east by the Oder -- Neisse line . The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin , but did not include it ; as a result , West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR . The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet Zone , while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones . East Germany , which lies culturally in Central Germany , was a satellite state of the Soviet Union . Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948 , and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949 . Soviet forces , however , remained in the country throughout the Cold War . Until 1989 , the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party ( SED ) , though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation , the National Front of Democratic Germany . The economy was centrally planned , and increasingly state-owned . Prices of basic goods and services were set by central government planners , rather than rising and falling through supply and demand . Although the GDR had to pay substantial war reparations to the USSR , it became the most successful economy in the Eastern Bloc . Nonetheless it did not match the economic growth of West Germany . Emigration to the West was a significant problem -- as many of the emigrants were well-educated young people , it further weakened the state economically . The government fortified its western borders and , in 1961 , built the Berlin Wall . Many people attempting to flee were killed by border guards or booby traps , such as landmines . In 1989 , numerous social and political forces in the GDR and abroad led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the establishment of a government committed to liberalization . The following year open elections were held , and international negotiations led to the signing of the Final Settlement treaty on the status and borders of Germany . The GDR was dissolved and Germany was unified on 3 October 1990 , becoming a fully sovereign state again . Geographically , the German Democratic Republic bordered the Baltic Sea to the north ; the Polish People 's Republic to the east ; Czechoslovakia to the southeast and West Germany to the southwest and west . Internally , the GDR also bordered the Soviet sector of Allied-occupied Berlin known as East Berlin which was also administered as the state 's de facto capital . It also bordered the three sectors occupied by the United States , United Kingdom and France known collectively as West Berlin . The three sectors occupied by the Western nations were sealed off from the rest of the GDR by the Berlin Wall from its construction in 1961 until it was brought down in 1989 .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Berlin_population_statistics", "score": 0.7564404606819153, "text": "Berlin is the second most populous city in the European Union , as calculated by city-proper population ( not metropolitan area ) .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Outline_of_Germany", "score": 0.7562894225120544, "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Germany : Germany -- federal parliamentary republic in western-central Europe consisting of 16 constituent states , which retain limited sovereignty . Its capital and largest city is Berlin . With more than 80 million inhabitants , it is the most populous member state in the European Union . Germany is a major economic and political power of the European continent and a historic leader in many cultural , theoretical and technical fields . After losing World War I , Germany fell under the control of Adolf Hitler , who started World War II . After losing World War II , Germany was divided into East Germany and West Germany , each on opposite sides in the Cold War . In October 1990 , after the Cold War ended , the country was reunified . Germany has since grown to become the world 's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Bombing_of_Berlin_in_World_War_II", "score": 0.7546546459197998, "text": "Berlin , the capital of Nazi Germany , was subject to 363 air raids during the Second World War . It was bombed by the RAF Bomber Command between 1940 and 1945 , by the USAAF Eighth Air Force between 1943 and 1945 , and the French Air Force between 1944 and 1945 as part of the Allied campaign of strategic bombing of Germany . It was also attacked by aircraft of the Red Air Force , especially in 1945 as Soviet forces closed on the city . British bombers dropped 45,517 tons of bombs ; the Americans dropped 23,000 tons . As the bombings continued more and more people moved out . By May 1945 , 1.7 million people ( 40 % of the population ) had fled .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Decision_on_the_Capital_of_Germany", "score": 0.754607617855072, "text": "The capital decision ( German : Hauptstadtbeschluss ) refers to the decision made by the German Bundestag on June 20 , 1991 , as a result of German reunification , to move its headquarters from Bonn to Berlin . The term is misleading , since Berlin had already become the federal capital of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990 as one of the stipulations of the Unification Treaty .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Football_in_Berlin", "score": 0.7521563768386841, "text": "Football in Berlin , the capital of Germany , has a long history . The city contributed 24 of the 86 founders of the DFB , the German Football Association . The DFB Cup Final is held every year at the Olympiastadion since 1985 . The two main football clubs in Berlin are Hertha BSC and 1 . FC Union Berlin . Hertha , a founder of the DFB , were the only of the two to play in the West German system during the Cold War . Union Berlin was founded in East Berlin . The Olympic Stadium hosted the later stages of football at the 1936 Summer Olympics , with the other matches played at smaller grounds in the city . The ground was also a venue in the 1974 FIFA World Cup group containing both West and East Germany . The 2006 FIFA World Cup Final was held at Olympiastadion and saw Italy defeat France on penalties . In 2015 the UEFA Champions League Final was held in Berlin .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Hanover", "score": 0.7518604397773743, "text": "Hanover or Hannover ( -LSB- ˈhænoʊ-vər -RSB- Hannover , -LSB- haˈnoːfɐ -RSB- ) , on the River Leine , is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen ) , and was once by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , under their title as the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( later described as the Elector of Hanover ) . At the end of the Napoleonic Wars , the Electorate was enlarged to become a Kingdom with Hanover as its capital . From 1868 to 1946 Hanover was the capital of the Prussian Province of Hanover and afterwards of the Hanover administrative region until that was abolished in 2005 . It is now the capital of the Land of Lower Saxony . Since 2001 it has been part of the Hanover district ( Region Hannover ) , which is a municipal body made up from the former district ( Landkreis Hannover ) and city of Hanover ( note : although both Region and Landkreis are translated as district they are not the same ) . With a population of 518,000 , Hanover is a major centre of Northern Germany and the country 's thirteenth largest city . Hanover also hosts annual commercial trade fairs such as the Hanover Fair and the CeBIT . Every year Hanover hosts the Schützenfest Hannover , the world 's largest marksmen 's festival , and the Oktoberfest Hannover , the second largest such festival in Germany . In 2000 , Hanover hosted the world fair Expo 2000 . The Hanover fairground , due to numerous extensions , especially for the Expo 2000 , is the largest in the world . Hanover is of national importance because of its universities and medical school , its international airport and its large zoo . The city is also a major crossing point of railway lines and highways ( Autobahnen ) , connecting European main lines in both the east-west ( Berlin -- Ruhr area ) and north-south ( Hamburg -- Munich , etc. ) directions . `` Hanover '' is the traditional English spelling . The German spelling ( with a double n ) is becoming more popular in English ; recent editions of encyclopaedias prefer the German spelling , and the local government uses the German spelling on English websites . The English pronunciation -LSB- ˈhænəvər -RSB- , with stress on the first syllable and a reduced second syllable , is applied to both the German and English spellings , which is different from German pronunciation -LSB- haˈnoːfɐ -RSB- , with stress on the second syllable and a long second vowel . The traditional English spelling is still used in historical contexts , especially when referring to the British House of Hanover . The city was the example of generated places named Hanover in other countrys .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
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South Korea has a highly educated workforce.
[ { "id": "South_Korea", "score": 0.759219229221344, "text": "South Korea , officially the Republic of Korea ( ROK ; ) , is a sovereign state in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula . Officially , its territory consists of the whole Korean Peninsula and its adjacent islands , which are largely mountainous . South Koreans lead a distinctive urban lifestyle , as half of them live in high-rises concentrated in the Seoul Capital Area with 25 million residents and the world 's sixth leading global city with the fourth largest economy and seventh most sustainable city in the world . The earliest neolithic Korean pottery dates to 8000 BC , with three kingdoms flourishing in the 1st century BC . The name Korea is derived from one of them , Goguryeo , also known as Koryŏ , which was a Han Chinese tributary state kingdom in East Asia that sent yearly tribute to the Emperor of China , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula and a small portion of Siberia and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Since their unification into Later Silla and Balhae in the 7th century , Korea enjoyed over a millennium of relative tranquility under long lasting dynasties . Under Sejong the Great in the 15th century , Koreans had one of the highest living standards in the world along with the Han Chinese and Japanese and developed improved versions many advanced innovations such as the metal movable type printing press in 1377 A.D. which was developed based on the previous Han Chinese Porcelain movable type printing press , used to print and publish the Jikji , the world 's oldest extant movable metal type printed paper book using the 8,000 year old traditional ancient Chinese writing system . Additionally , in 1443 Hangul was invented by the Korean King Sejong the Great as an easier alternative to the complex and difficult to learn ancient Chinese writing system which was usually reserved for elite academic scholars preparing for the imperial examinations of China . Hangul enabled anyone in the general Korean population to easily learn to read and write and transfer written information rather than spending years learning complicated ancient Chinese . Its rich and vibrant culture left 19 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity , the third largest in the world , along with 12 World Heritage Sites . Annexed into Imperial Japan in 1910 , Korea was divided after its surrender in 1945 , but a North Korean invasion led to the Korean War ( 1950 -- 1953 ) . Peace has since mostly continued with the two agreeing to work peacefully for reunification and the South solidifying peace as a regional power with the world 's 10th largest defence budget . South Korea , along with Taiwan , Singapore and Hong Kong ( China ) is one of the four high-tech industrialized developed countries often referred to as the Four Asian Economic Dragons . The South Korean economy soared at an annual average of 10 % for over 30 years in a period of rapid transformation called the Miracle on the Han River . A long legacy of openness and focus on innovation made it successful . Today , it is the world 's seventh largest advanced economy and fifth largest exporter with the G20 's largest budget surplus and highest credit rating of any country in East Asia . It has free trade agreements with 75 % of the world economy and is the only G20 nation trading freely with China , the US and the EU simultaneously . Since 1988 , its constitution guarantees a liberal democracy with high government transparency and many fundamental rights such as universal healthcare . High personal freedoms led to the rise of a globally influential pop culture such as K-pop and K-drama , a phenomenon called the Korean Wave , known for its distinctive fashionable and trendy style . Home of the UN Green Climate Fund and GGGI , South Korea is a leader in low carbon green growth , committed to helping developing countries as a major DAC and Paris Club contributor . It is the world 's third least ignorant country in the Index of Ignorance , ranking eighth highest for peaceful tolerance and inclusion of minorities on the Fragile States Index . South Korea is a technologically advanced developed country driven by a highly educated and skilled workforce , having the world 's eighth highest median household income , the highest in Asia . Globally , it ranks highly in personal safety , job security , ease of doing business and healthcare quality , with the world 's third highest health adjusted life expectancy and fourth most efficient healthcare system . It is the world 's largest spender on R&D per GDP , leading the OECD in graduates in science and engineering and ranking third in the Youth Wellbeing Index . Home of Samsung , LG and Hyundai-Kia , South Korea was named the world 's most innovative country for 4 consecutive years since 2014 in the Bloomberg Innovation Index , ranking first in business R&D intensity , manufacturing value-added , patents filed per GDP , second in higher education efficiency and fourth in high-tech density and researcher concentration . In 2005 , it became the world 's first country to fully transition to high-speed Internet and today it has the world 's fastest Internet speed and highest smartphone ownership , ranking first in ICT Development , e-Government and 4G LTE coverage ." } ]
[ { "id": "Changwon_National_University", "score": 0.7143483757972717, "text": "Changwon National University is a public institution of higher education located in Changwon , an industrial city in the southeast of South Korea . It is home to the country 's first graduate school of labor . The school enrolls close to 15,000 students , and employs 304 instructors as of 2004 .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Economy_of_South_Korea", "score": 0.7060925364494324, "text": "The economy of South Korea is the fourth largest economy in Asia and the 11th largest in the world . It is a mixed economy dominated by family-owned conglomerates called chaebols , however , the dominance of chaebol is unlikely and at risk to support the transformation of Korean economy for the future generations . South Korea is famous for its spectacular rise from one of the poorest countries in the world to a developed , high-income country in just one generation . This economic miracle , commonly known as the Miracle on the Han River , brought South Korea to the ranks of elite countries in the OECD and the G-20 . South Korea still remains one of the fastest growing developed countries in the world following the Great Recession . It is included in the group of Next Eleven countries that will dominate the global economy in the middle of the 21st century . By creating favorable policy directive for economic development as preceded by Japanese economic recovery as the logistic supplying bastion for American troops in the Korean peninsula during and after the Korean War , South Korea 's rigorous education system and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for spurring the country 's high technology boom and rapid economic development . Having almost no natural resources and always suffering from overpopulation in its small territory , which deterred continued population growth and the formation of a large internal consumer market , South Korea adapted an export-oriented economic strategy to fuel its economy , and in 2014 , South Korea was the seventh largest exporter and seventh largest importer in the world . Bank of Korea and Korea Development Institute periodically release major economic indicators and economic trends of the economy of South Korea . In the 1997 Asian financial crisis , the South Korean economy suffered a liquidity crisis and relied on the bailout by the IMF that restructured and modernized the South Korean economy with successive DJnomics policy by President Kim Dae Jung , including the resultant of the national development of the ICT industry . Historically , subsidies were used as means of speeding up adoption of new technology in Korea and has ultimately helped the adoption and development of faster mobile standards for the economy of South Korea . The growth of ICT industry has been far concentrated on the hardware sector , which focuses on expanding wired and wireless telecommunication network penetration rather than the software sector , which creates innovative applications and value-added services . The economy of South Korea is the global leader of consumer electronics , mobile broadband and smartphones . South Korea 's LCD TV global market share also jumped to 37 percent in 2009 , from 27 percent at the end of 2007 , and it will soon replace Japan as the world 's number-one LCD TV supplier . The economy of South Korea ranks No. 1 in the world in ICT Development Index 2015 and 2015 Bloomberg Innovation Index . Despite the South Korean economy 's high growth potential and apparent structural stability , South Korea suffers perpetual damage to its credit rating in the stock market due to the belligerence of North Korea in times of deep military crises , which has an adverse effect on the financial markets of the South Korean economy . However , renowned financial organizations , such as the International Monetary Fund , also compliment the resilience of the South Korean economy against various economic crises , citing low state debt , and high fiscal reserves that can quickly be mobilized to address any expected financial emergencies . Other financial organizations like the World Bank describe Korea as one of the fastest-growing major economies of the next generation along with BRIC and Indonesia . South Korea was one of the few developed countries that was able to avoid a recession during the global financial crisis , and its economic growth rate will reach 6.1 % in 2010 , a sharp recovery from economic growth rates of 2.3 % in 2008 and 0.2 % in 2009 when the global financial crisis hit . The South Korean economy again recovered with the record-surplus of US$ 70.7 billion mark of the current account in the end of 2013 , up 47 percent growth from 2012 , amid uncertainties of the global economic turmoil , with major economic output being the technology products exports . South Korea was a historical recipient of official development assistance ( ODA ) from OECD . Throughout the 1980s until the mid-1990s , South Korea 's economic prosperity as measured in GDP by PPP per capita was still only a fraction of industrialized nations . In 1980 , the South Korean GDP per capita was $ 2,300 , about one-third of nearby developed Asian economies such as Singapore , Hong Kong , and Japan . Since then , South Korea has advanced into a developed economy to eventually attain a GDP per capita of $ 30,000 in 2010 , almost thirteen times the figure thirty years ago . The whole country 's GDP increased from $ 88 billion to $ 1,460 billion in the same time frame . In 2009 , South Korea officially became the first major recipient of ODA to have ascended to the status of a major donor of ODA . Between 2008 and 2009 , South Korea donated economic aid of $ 1.7 billion to countries other than North Korea . South Korea 's separate annual economic aid to North Korea has historically been more than twice its ODA . On June 23 , 2012 , South Korea was landmarked to become the 7th member of the 20-50 club ( with the population surpassing 50 million and maintaining per capita income of US$ 20,000 ) , chronologically , after Japan , United States of America , France , Italy , Germany and United Kingdom . A free trade agreement between the United States of America and the Republic of Korea was concluded on April 1 , 2007 . The European Union -- South Korea Free Trade Agreement was signed on 15 October 2009 . The South Korean economy is heavily dependent on the energy imports and the related refinery technologies in association with the Ministry of Knowledge Economy and in accordance with the South Korea-Australia Free Trade Agreement . The Canada -- South Korea Free Trade Agreement was concluded in 2014 . China -- South Korea Free Trade Agreement went official on November 10 , 2014 . South Korea has the largest indoor Amusement park in the world , Lotte World , adding to the notable export-oriented music industry guided by the Ministry of Culture , Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Korea ( for more , see Korea K-Pop Hot 100 ) .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Outline_of_South_Korea", "score": 0.7039843201637268, "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to South Korea : South Korea -- densely populated sovereign presidential republic located on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia . Also known as the `` Land of the Morning Calm '' . It is neighbored by China to the west , Japan to the east and North Korea to the north . South Korea 's capital and largest city is Seoul , the world 's second largest metropolitan city . Korea has a history of 5,000 years , with its foundation dating back to 2333 BC by the legendary Dangun . Following the unification of the Three Korean Kingdoms under Silla in AD 668 , Korea went through the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty as one nation until annexed by Japan in 1910 . After Japan 's defeat in World War II , Korea was divided , and South Korea was established in 1948 . It has since developed a successful democracy , maintaining a strong alliance with the United States . South Korea has the fourth-largest economy in Asia . It had one of the world 's fastest growing economies from the 1960s until 1980 and is now considered a developed economy . It is an G20 and OECD member . In response to tension with North Korea , it has developed the world 's sixth largest armed forces and has one of the 10-largest defence budgets in the world . South Korean industries have a strong focus on science and technology . It has an advanced infrastructure and information technology such as electronics , semiconductors , LCD displays , computers and mobile phones , led by Chaebol , a kind of family-owned conglomerate . The economy also has a strong focus on engineering , construction , machinery , textiles , petrochemicals , biotechnology and robotics .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Sport_in_South_Korea", "score": 0.695925235748291, "text": "South Korea has traditional sports of its own , as well as sports from different cultures and countries .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_South_Korea", "score": 0.6939897537231445, "text": "This is a list of institutions of higher education in South Korea .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "History_of_science_and_technology_in_Korea", "score": 0.6887863874435425, "text": "Like most other regions in the world , science and technology in Korea has experienced periods of intense growth as well as long periods of stagnation .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Korea_University", "score": 0.6887645125389099, "text": "Korea University ( KU , ) is a private research university in Seoul , South Korea . Established in 1905 , it is one of the nation 's oldest and most prominent institutions of higher education . It is considered one of SKY universities , known for being one of the best universities in the country . The student body consists of over 20,000 undergraduate students and over 10,000 graduate students . The university 's academic breadth is broad with its 81 departments in 19 colleges and divisions , and 18 graduate schools . It has over 1,500 full-time faculty members with over 95 % of them holding Ph.D. or equivalent qualification in their field . The Korea University Alumni Association consists of more than 280,000 university graduates . Korea University is a large research institution , notable in South Korean history for being the first educational institution to offer academic programs in Korea in various disciplines , such as law , economics , and journalism . It is particularly well known for its College of Law , which is widely considered to be one of the most well-known undergraduate law programs in South Korea . Korea University also has auxiliary educational facilities such as the Institute of Foreign Language Studies , the Institute for Continuing Education , the Institute of International Education , and the Center for Teaching and Learning . There are 115 research institutes , including the Battelle@KU Laboratory , the Ilmin International Relations Institute , and the Center for Information Security Technologies .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "History_of_South_Korea", "score": 0.6872560381889343, "text": "The history of South Korea formally begins with its establishment on 17 August 1948 , although Syngman Rhee had officially declared independence two days prior . In the aftermath of the Japanese occupation of Korea which ended with Japan 's defeat in World War II in 1945 , Korea was divided the 38th parallel north in accordance with a United Nations arrangement , to be administered by the Soviet Union in the north and the United States in the south . The Soviets and Americans were unable to agree on the implementation of Joint Trusteeship over Korea . This led in 1948 to the establishment of two separate governments , each claiming to be the legitimate government of all of Korea . Eventually , following the Korean War , the two separate governments stabilized into the existing political entities of North and South Korea . South Korea 's subsequent history is marked by alternating periods of democratic and autocratic rule . Civilian governments are conventionally numbered from the First Republic of Syngman Rhee to the contemporary Sixth Republic . The First Republic , arguably democratic at its inception , became increasingly autocratic until its collapse in 1960 . The Second Republic was strongly democratic , but was overthrown in less than a year and replaced by an autocratic military regime . The Third , Fourth , and Fifth Republics were nominally democratic , but are widely regarded as the continuation of military rule . With the Sixth Republic , the country has gradually stabilized into a liberal democracy . Since its inception , South Korea has seen substantial development in education , economy , and culture . Since the 1960s , the country has developed from one of Asia 's poorest to one of the world 's wealthiest nations . Education , particularly at the tertiary level , has expanded dramatically . It is said to be one of the `` Four Tigers '' of rising Asian states along with Singapore , Taiwan and Hong Kong .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Seoul", "score": 0.6858367919921875, "text": "Seoul ( -LSB- soʊl -RSB- 서울 ; -LSB- sʌ.ul -RSB- ) , formerly Wiryeseong , Hanseong , Keijo , and others , -- officially the Seoul Special City -- is the capital and largest metropolis of the Republic of Korea ( commonly known as South Korea ) , forming the heart of the Seoul Capital Area , which includes the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province , the world 's 16th largest city . The Seoul Capital Area houses up to half of the country 's population of 50.22 million people with 678,102 international residents . Situated on the Han River , Seoul 's history stretches back more than two thousand years when it was founded in 18 BCE by Baekje , one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . It continued as the capital of Korea under the Joseon Dynasty . The Seoul Capital Area contains five UNESCO World Heritage Sites : Changdeok Palace , Hwaseong Fortress , Jongmyo Shrine , Namhansanseong and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty . Seoul is surrounded by mountains , the tallest being Mt. Bukhan , the world 's most visited national park per square foot . Modern landmarks include the iconic N Seoul Tower , the gold-clad 63 Building , the neofuturistic Dongdaemun Design Plaza , Lotte World , the world 's largest indoor theme park , Moonlight Rainbow Fountain , the world 's longest bridge fountain and the Sevit Floating Islands . The birthplace of K-pop and the Korean Wave , Seoul received over 10 million international visitors in 2014 , making it the world 's 9th most visited city and 4th largest earner in tourism . Today , Seoul is considered a leading and rising global city , resulting from an economic boom called the Miracle on the Han River which transformed it to the world 's 4th largest metropolitan economy with a GDP of US$ 845.9 billion in 2014 after Tokyo , New York City and Los Angeles . In 2015 , it was rated Asia 's most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis . A world leading technology hub centered on Gangnam and Digital Media City , the Seoul Capital Area boasts 15 Fortune Global 500 companies such as Samsung , one of the world 's largest technology companies , as well as LG and Hyundai-Kia . In 2014 , the city 's GDP per capita ( PPP ) of $ 39,786 was comparable to that of France and Finland . Ranked sixth in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index , the metropolis exerts a major influence in global affairs as one of the five leading hosts of global conferences . Seoul is the world 's most wired city and ranked first in technology readiness by PwC 's Cities of Opportunity report . It is served by the KTX high-speed rail and the Seoul Subway , providing 4G LTE , WiFi and DMB inside subway cars as well as wifi at every station . Seoul is connected via AREX to Incheon International Airport , rated the world 's best airport nine years in a row ( 2005 -- 2013 ) by Airports Council International . Lotte World Tower , a 556 m supertall skyscraper with 123 floors , has been built in Seoul and become the OECD 's tallest in 2016 , with the world 's tallest art gallery . Its Lotte Cinema houses the world 's largest cinema screen . Seoul 's COEX Mall is the world 's largest underground shopping mall . Seoul hosted the 1986 Asian Games , 1988 Summer Olympics , 2002 FIFA World Cup , the Miss Universe 1980 pageant , and the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit . A UNESCO City of Design , Seoul was named the 2010 World Design Capital .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Dual_education_system", "score": 0.6857843995094299, "text": "A dual education system combines apprenticeships in a company and vocational education at a vocational school in one course . This system is practiced in several countries , notably Germany , Austria , and Switzerland but also for some years now in South Korea . In the Duales Ausbildungssystem young German people can learn one of 356 ( as of 2005 ) apprenticeship occupations ( Ausbildungsberufe ) , such as Doctor 's Assistant , Dispensing Optician or Oven Builder . The precise skills and theory taught are strictly regulated and defined by national standards : An Industriekaufmann ( Industrial Manager ) has always acquired the same skills and taken the same courses in production planning , accounting and controlling , marketing , HR management , trade laws , etc. . Especially in southern Germany this model is also used for a special college system called Duale Hochschule . In France , dual education ( formation en alternance ) has gained a lot of popularity since the 1990s , with information technology being the greatest draw . In South Korea , the German and Swiss dual apprenticeship system was studied and implemented by then Prime Minister Park Geun-hye to address South Korea 's more glaring employment needs including tackling the country 's high youth employment rate and as well as reforming South Korea 's entire education system . Since the rise of Meister schools and modern reforms through the implementation of vocational education in the South Korean education system , graduates from vocational high schools have been successful in navigating through South Korea 's highly competitive and sluggish job market as they possess relevant skill sets that are in high demand in the South Korean economy .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Seoul_National_University", "score": 0.6848992109298706, "text": "Seoul National University ( SNU ; Korean , 서울대학교 , Seoul Daehakgyo , colloquially Seouldae ) is a national research university located in Seoul , South Korea , and was founded in 1946 . Seoul National University is widely considered to be the most prestigious university in the country . It is located on three campuses : the main campus is in Gwanak and two additional campuses in Daehangno and Pyeongchang . The university comprises sixteen colleges , one graduate school , and nine professional schools . The student body consists of nearly 17,000 undergraduate and 11,000 graduate students . According to data compiled by KEDI , the university spends more on its students per capita than any other university in the country that enrolls at least 10,000 students . Seoul National University holds a memorandum of understanding with over 700 academic institutions in 40 countries , the World Bank , and a general academic exchange program with the University of Pennsylvania . The Graduate School of Business offers dual master 's degrees with Duke University , ESSEC Business School , and Peking University , double-degrees with the MIT Sloan School of Management and Yale School of Management , and MBA - , MS - , and PhD-candidate exchange programs with universities in ten countries on four continents . Following a government mandate to globalize Korean universities , the university 's international faculty head count peaked at 242 or 4 % of the total in 2010 but subsequently declined .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Korea_University_Graduate_School", "score": 0.6825851798057556, "text": "Established in 1949 , the Graduate School of Korea University in Seoul , South Korea offers 45 doctoral and 47 master 's programs .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Student_loans_in_South_Korea", "score": 0.6821165680885315, "text": "Student loans in South Korea , are student loans provided to South Korea 's students that are managed by the Korea Student Aid Foundation ( KOSAF ) which was established in May 2009 . According to the governmental philosophy that Korea 's future depends on talent development and no student should quit studying due to financial reasons , they help students grow into talents that serve the nation and society as members of Korea . Through the management of Korea 's national scholarship programs , student loan programs , and talent development programs , KOSAF offers customized student aid services and student loan program is one of their major tasks .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Automotive_industry_in_South_Korea", "score": 0.6813892126083374, "text": "The automotive industry in South Korea is the fifth-largest in the world measured by automobile unit production and the fifth-largest by automobile export volume . While its initial operations were merely the assembling of parts imported from foreign companies , South Korea is today among the most advanced automobile-producing countries in the world . Annual domestic output first exceeded one million units in 1988 . In the 1990s , the industry manufactured numerous in-house models , demonstrating not only its capabilities in terms of design , performance , and technology , but also signalling its coming of age .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_national_universities_in_South_Korea", "score": 0.6805856823921204, "text": "National universities in South Korea were established by the South Korean government to provide higher education for aiding the development of the country . There are 10 major national universities , which were established to play a role in the development of each region . Among all the universities in Korea , the most prestigious is Seoul National University .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Economy_of_East_Asia", "score": 0.6800985932350159, "text": "The economy of East Asia is one of the most successful regional economies of the world . It is home of some of the world 's largest and most prosperous economies : Mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan , Japan and South Korea . Major positive factors have ranged from favorable political-legal environments for industry and commerce , through abundant natural resources of various kinds , to plentiful supplies of relatively low-cost , skilled and adaptable labor . In modern societies , a high level of structural differentiation , functional specialization , and autonomy of the economic system from government is a major contributor to industrial-commercial growth and prosperity . Currently in East Asia , trading systems are relatively open ; and zero or low duties on imports of consumer and capital goods etc. have considerably helped stimulate cost-efficiency and change . Free and flexible labor and other markets are other important factors making for high levels of business-economic performance . East Asian populations have demonstrated rapid learning capabilities and high intelligence -- skills in utilizing new technologies and scientific discoveries -- and putting them to good use in production . Work ethics in general tend to be highly positive . In conclusion , there are relatively large and fast-growing markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds . Its success has led to it being dubbed `` An East Asian renaissance '' by the World Bank .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_districts_in_South_Korea", "score": 0.6768181324005127, "text": "A district or gu is an administrative unit in South Korea .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Korea_Citation_Index", "score": 0.6761993765830994, "text": "The Korea Citation Index is a citation index covering research in South Korea .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Illegal_immigration_to_South_Korea", "score": 0.6748673915863037, "text": "Since 1991 , Korea has experienced a large influx of foreign workers , and the government has utilized trainee programs since 1992 . About 10,000 Asian workers came to Korea under this program in 1992 , and there were about 57,000 trainees in Korea in June 1996 . However , the trainee program experienced problems : the trainees became undocumented workers due to a difference in wages and since they were not classified as laborers , they were not protected by the Labor Standard Law . The Employment Permit Program for foreigners ( the government 's foreign-labor policy since 2004 ) is a product achieved by a decade of interaction between Korean citizens and foreign migrant workers . However , these issues have more details to be resolved . On the legal front , the Korean state still allows foreigners to apply for low-wage jobs and excludes them from social benefits . The social dimension of nationhood is shown by public-opinion polls of Korean citizens ' attitudes towards foreign workers , which demonstrate discrimination . As of the end of June 2011 , 166,518 foreigners had overstayed their working visas , a reduction from 177,955 in 2009 and 168,515 in 2010 , according to the authorities . The ministry stated 17 immigration offices under its control will conduct the one-month crackdown in conjunction the Ministry of Employment and Labor . In 2011 , the South Korean government temporarily refused to accept Vietnamese .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Health_in_South_Korea", "score": 0.6718224287033081, "text": "South Korea has the 11th-highest life expectancy in the world and the second-least obese rate in the OECD . The male smoking rate is 49.8 % ( female 4.2 % ) . Suicide in South Korea is a serious and widespread problem . The suicide rate is the highest in the OECD in 2012 ( 29.1 deaths per 100,000 persons ) . Additionally , South Korea 's suicide rate is also ranked the highest in the world in 2012 according to WHO data ( 36.8 deaths per 100,000 persons ) . South Korea maintains a universal healthcare system that is rated as the fourth most efficient healthcare system out of the 55 nations rated as of 2016 after Hong Kong , Singapore and Spain by Bloomberg .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
162606
Hacksaw Ridge came out in America on November 4, 2016.
[ { "id": "Hacksaw_Ridge", "score": 0.7806776762008667, "text": "Hacksaw Ridge is a 2016 biographical war drama film about the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss , an American pacifist combat medic who was a Seventh-day Adventist Christian , refusing to carry or use a firearm or weapons of any kind . Doss became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor , for service above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of Okinawa . The film was directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan , based on a 2004 documentary about Doss , and stars Andrew Garfield as Doss , with Sam Worthington , Luke Bracey , Teresa Palmer , Hugo Weaving , Rachel Griffiths and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles . It was released in the United States on November 4 , 2016 , received positive reviews and grossed $ 175.3 million worldwide . Hacksaw Ridge was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of its top ten Movies of the Year , and has received numerous awards and nominations . The film received six Oscar nominations at the 89th Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Garfield and Best Sound Editing , winning the awards for Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing . It also received Golden Globe nominations for Best Picture , Best Director and Best Actor , and 12 AACTA Awards nominations , winning the majority , including Best Film , Best Direction , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for Garfield , and Best Supporting Actor for Weaving ." } ]
[ { "id": "American_Sniper", "score": 0.6451234221458435, "text": "American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Jason Hall . It is loosely based on the memoir American Sniper : The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History ( 2012 ) by Chris Kyle , with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice . The film follows the life of Kyle , who became the deadliest marksman in U.S. military history with 255 kills from four tours in the Iraq War , 160 of which were officially confirmed by the Department of Defense . While Kyle was celebrated for his military successes , his tours of duty took a heavy toll on his personal and family life . The film was produced by Eastwood , Robert Lorenz , Andrew Lazar , Bradley Cooper , and Peter Morgan . It stars Bradley Cooper as Kyle and Sienna Miller as his wife Taya , with Luke Grimes , Jake McDorman , Cory Hardrict , Kevin Lacz , Navid Negahban , and Keir O'Donnell in supporting roles . The world premiere was on November 11 , 2014 , at the American Film Institute Festival , followed by a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 25 , 2014 and a wide release on January 16 , 2015 . The film became a major success , with a worldwide gross of over $ 547 million , making it the highest-grossing film of 2014 in the United States ( $ 350 million ) , the highest-grossing war film of all time unadjusted for inflation , and Eastwood 's highest-grossing film to date . The film received mostly positive reviews from critics , with the majority of praise directed towards Cooper 's lead performance and Eastwood 's direction , though it attracted some controversy over its portrayal of both the War in Iraq and of Chris Kyle . At the 87th Academy Awards , American Sniper received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , and Best Actor for Cooper , ultimately winning one award for Best Sound Editing .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Patriots_Day_(film)", "score": 0.6311795115470886, "text": "Patriots Day is a 2016 American drama-thriller film about the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing and the subsequent terrorist manhunt . Directed by Peter Berg and written by Berg , Matt Cook and Joshua Zetumer , the film is based on the book Boston Strong by Casey Sherman and Dave Wedge . It stars Mark Wahlberg , J. K. Simmons , John Goodman , Kevin Bacon and Michelle Monaghan . Principal photography began on March 29 , 2016 , in Quincy and Boston , Massachusetts . The film premiered on November 17 , 2016 , at the AFI Fest . Distributed by CBS Films and Lionsgate , Patriots Day was released in Boston , New York and Los Angeles on December 21 , 2016 , followed by a nationwide expansion on January 13 , 2017 . It was a box office disappointment , grossing $ 48.3 million worldwide against its budget of $ 45 million , but received positive reviews for Berg 's direction and the performances of its cast , and was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2016 .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Red_Dawn_(2012_film)", "score": 0.6297687888145447, "text": "Red Dawn is a 2012 American war film directed by Dan Bradley . The screenplay by Carl Ellsworth and Jeremy Passmore is based on the 1984 film of the same name . The film stars Chris Hemsworth , Josh Peck , Josh Hutcherson , Adrianne Palicki , Isabel Lucas , and Jeffrey Dean Morgan . The film centers on a group of young people who defend their hometown from a North Korean invasion . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer announced its intention to remake Red Dawn in May 2008 and subsequently hired Bradley and Ellsworth . The principal characters were cast the following year and the film went into production in September 2009 in Mount Clemens , Michigan . Originally scheduled to be released on November 24 , 2010 , the film was shelved because of MGM 's financial troubles . While in post-production , the invading army and antagonists were changed from Chinese to North Korean in order to maintain access to China 's box office . FilmDistrict bought the worldwide distribution rights in September 2011 and the film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2012 .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "War_Dogs_(2016_film)", "score": 0.6281673312187195, "text": "War Dogs is a 2016 American biographical black comedy-drama film directed by Todd Phillips and written by Phillips , Jason Smilovic and Stephen Chin , based on a Rolling Stone article by Guy Lawson . Lawson then wrote a book titled Arms and the Dudes detailing the story . The film follows two arms dealers , Efraim Diveroli and David Packouz , who receive a US Army contract to supply munitions for the Afghan National Army worth approximately $ 300 million . The film is heavily fictionalized and dramatized , and some of its events , such as the duo driving through Iraq , were either invented or based on other events , such as screenwriter Stephen Chin 's own experiences . The film stars Jonah Hill , Miles Teller , Ana de Armas and Bradley Cooper , who also co-produced . Filming began on March 2 , 2015 in Romania . The film premiered in New York City on August 3 , 2016 and was theatrically released by Warner Bros. . Pictures on August 19 , 2016 . It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $ 86 million . Hill received a Golden Globe nomination for his performance .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Timeline_of_the_1993_Battle_of_Mogadishu", "score": 0.6280385851860046, "text": "The 1993 Battle of Mogadishu , more commonly known as Black Hawk Down , was detailed by the U.S. Army and lasted from October 3 to October 4 in 1993 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Keanu_(film)", "score": 0.6252357959747314, "text": "Keanu is a 2016 American action comedy film directed by Peter Atencio and written by Jordan Peele and Alex Rubens . The film stars Peele , Keegan-Michael Key , Method Man , Nia Long , and Will Forte . Filming began in New Orleans , Louisiana in June 2015 . The film premiered at the South by Southwest Festival on March 13 , 2016 , and was released theatrically in North America on April 29 , 2016 , receiving generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 20 million against its $ 15 million budget .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Conscientious_Objector", "score": 0.624889612197876, "text": "The Conscientious Objector is a 2004 documentary film about the life of Desmond Doss , a conscientious objector who received a Medal of Honor for service in World War Two . His religious faith , Seventh-day Adventism , did not permit him to carry a weapon . For his stance he at first faced opposition and sometimes persecution from commanding officers and ridicule from fellow soldiers , but ultimately won their admiration while demonstrating enormous courage and saving many lives as a combat medic . In 2016 , the best picture Oscar nominated movie , Hacksaw Ridge was made about the life of Desmond Doss .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Rangers_(film)", "score": 0.6230227947235107, "text": "Rangers is a 2000 American action film .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Born_on_the_Fourth_of_July_(film)", "score": 0.6222586035728455, "text": "Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American biographical war drama film based on the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic . Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic , in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination . Oliver Stone ( himself a Vietnam veteran ) co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic , and also produced and directed the film . Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam , but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized , it was instead filmed in the Philippines . The film is considered part of Stone 's `` trilogy '' of films about the Vietnam War -- following Platoon ( 1986 ) and preceding Heaven & Earth ( 1993 ) . Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two , for Best Director and Best Film Editing ; it also won four Golden Globe Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 161,001,698 worldwide .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Homefront_(film)", "score": 0.6191770434379578, "text": "Homefront is a 2013 American action thriller film directed by Gary Fleder and released nationwide in theaters on November 27 . Based on Chuck Logan 's novel of the same name and adapted into a screenplay by Sylvester Stallone , the film stars Jason Statham , James Franco , Winona Ryder , and Kate Bosworth . Filming began on October 1 , 2012 in New Orleans .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Black_Hawk_Down_(film)", "score": 0.6186830401420593, "text": "Black Hawk Down is a 2002 American war film co-produced and directed by Ridley Scott . The screenplay by Ken Nolan is adapted from the non-fiction book of the same name by Mark Bowden , which in turn is based on the 29-part series of articles published in The Philadelphia Inquirer chronicling the events of a 1993 raid in Mogadishu by the U.S. military aimed at capturing faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid and the ensuing firefight , known as the Battle of Mogadishu . The film features a large ensemble cast , including Josh Hartnett , Ewan McGregor , Eric Bana , Tom Sizemore , William Fichtner , Jason Isaacs , Tom Hardy , and Sam Shepard . It won two Oscars for Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing at the 74th Academy Awards . Although it was received positively by critics , the film was strongly criticized by a number of groups and military officials . In 2009 , an extended cut of the film was released on DVD . The cut contained an additional 8 minutes of footage increasing the running time to 152 minutes . This extended cut has yet to be released on Blu-Ray .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Heartbreak_Ridge", "score": 0.6169936656951904, "text": "Heartbreak Ridge is a 1986 American Technicolor war film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood , who also starred in the film . The film also co-stars Mario Van Peebles , Marsha Mason , and Everett McGill . The film was released in the United States on December 5 , 1986 . The story involves the actions of a small group of U.S. Marines during the American invasion of Grenada in 1983 . A portion of the film was filmed on the island . The title comes from the Battle of Heartbreak Ridge in the Korean War . The character played by Eastwood received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the U.S. Army there , even though he is now a U.S. Marine . The film was the 1000th to be released in Dolby Stereo .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "The_Purge:_Election_Year", "score": 0.6154554486274719, "text": "The Purge : Election Year is a 2016 American dystopian action horror film written and directed by James DeMonaco and starring Frank Grillo , Elizabeth Mitchell and Mykelti Williamson . It is the sequel to 2014 's The Purge : Anarchy and is the third installment in The Purge franchise . The film was released on July 1 , 2016 and grossed over $ 118 million , becoming a box office success and the highest-grossing film of the series .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "The_Expendables_(film_series)", "score": 0.61543208360672, "text": "The Expendables is an American series of action films written by and starring Sylvester Stallone and originally created by David Callaham . The film series itself was created to pay homage to the blockbuster action films of the 1980s and 90s and also pays gratitude to the action stars of those decades , as well as more recent stars in action . The series consists of three films : The Expendables ( 2010 ) , The Expendables 2 ( 2012 ) and The Expendables 3 ( 2014 ) , with a final fourth film scheduled to be released in 2018 . The series has received mixed critical reception , in regard to its plots and dialogue between the characters ; however , many critics praised the use of humor and action scenes . The films have been box office successes .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Revenant_(2015_film)", "score": 0.6147927641868591, "text": "The Revenant is a 2015 American survival drama film directed , co-produced and co-written by Alejandro G. Iñárritu . The screenplay by Iñárritu and Mark L. Smith is based in part on Michael Punke 's novel of the same name , inspired by the experiences of frontiersman Hugh Glass in 1823 . It stars Leonardo DiCaprio as Glass , and co-stars Tom Hardy , Domhnall Gleeson and Will Poulter . The film premiered at TCL Chinese Theatre on December 16 , 2015 . 20th Century Fox released it theatrically in the United States on December 25 as a limited release , expanding on January 8 , 2016 . The film was a commercial success , grossing $ 533 million worldwide on a budget of $ 135 million . On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , The Revenant holds a rating of 81 % , based on 323 reviews . The film garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , cinematography and the performances of DiCaprio and Hardy . The Revenant received twelve nominations at the 88th Academy Awards , including Best Picture . It won Best Director ( Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Actor ( DiCaprio ) . DiCaprio also received awards in the Best Actor category at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards , 69th British Academy Film Awards , and 22nd Screen Actors Guild Awards . Iñárritu also won of Best Director at the 68th Directors Guild of America Awards , and at the 69th British Academy Film Awards .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "The_Magnificent_Seven_(2016_film)", "score": 0.6143412590026855, "text": "The Magnificent Seven is a 2016 American Western action film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by Nic Pizzolatto and Richard Wenk . It is a remake of the 1960 western film of the same name , which in turn was a reimagination of the Akira Kurosawa 's 1954 Japanese film Seven Samurai . The film stars Denzel Washington , Chris Pratt , Ethan Hawke , Vincent D'Onofrio , Lee Byung-hun , Manuel Garcia-Rulfo , Martin Sensmeier , Haley Bennett and Peter Sarsgaard . It is the final film of composer James Horner , who died the previous year after composing a part of the score ; his friend Simon Franglen completed the music . Principal photography began on May 18 , 2015 , in the north of Baton Rouge , Louisiana . The Magnificent Seven premiered on September 8 , 2016 , at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival , and was released in the United States on September 23 , 2016 , in conventional and IMAX theatres . The film received mixed reviews from critics , although the cast was praised , and grossed $ 162 million worldwide .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Kill_Bill", "score": 0.6135492324829102, "text": "Kill Bill is an American two-part martial arts film series , and the fourth film overall that was written and directed by Quentin Tarantino . It was originally set to be released as one film , but with a running time of over four hours , it was separated into two films : Kill Bill : Volume 1 , released in late 2003 , and Kill Bill : Volume 2 , released in early 2004 . The original four-hour cut , retitled Kill Bill : The Whole Bloody Affair , was screened at select cinemas in 2011 . Tarantino has discussed the possibility of a third Kill Bill film .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Rambo_(2008_film)", "score": 0.6132026314735413, "text": "Rambo ( also known as John Rambo or Rambo IV ) is a 2008 American independent action film directed , co-written by and starring Sylvester Stallone reprising his iconic role as Vietnam veteran John Rambo . It is the fourth and final installment in the Rambo franchise , set twenty years after the events of the previous film , Rambo III . This film is dedicated to the memory of Richard Crenna , who played the character Colonel Sam Trautman in the previous three films , and who died of heart failure in 2003 . The film is about John Rambo ( Stallone ) , a hardened former Green Beret , who is hired by a church pastor to help rescue a group of Christian missionaries who were kidnapped by men from a brutal Burmese military regime . The film was released on January 25 , 2008 . Upon its release , Rambo received a mixed reception from film critics who generally praised its acting , action sequences , and soundtrack by Brian Tyler , but were critical of its writing and plot . The film grossed $ 113,244,290 during its run at the international box office and $ 41,500,683 in DVD sales . The film had its cable television premiere on Spike TV on July 11 , 2010 . However , it was the extended cut that was broadcast , not the theatrical version . The extended cut was released on Blu-ray two weeks later . Despite not being as successful as the previous films , Stallone had confirmed that a sequel titled Rambo : Last Blood was still in the works but was converted into a reboot for the series . This film was ultimately cancelled in March 2016 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Blue_World_Order_(film)", "score": 0.6123024821281433, "text": "Blue World Order is a martial arts science fiction film set in a post-apocalyptic world . It is set for release in 2017 .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "13_Hours:_The_Secret_Soldiers_of_Benghazi", "score": 0.6120700836181641, "text": "13 Hours : The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi ( also known simply as 13 Hours ) is a 2016 American biographical war drama-thriller film directed and co-produced by Michael Bay and written by Chuck Hogan , based on Mitchell Zuckoff 's 2014 book 13 Hours . The film follows six members of a security team who fight to defend the American diplomatic compound in Benghazi , Libya after waves of terrorist attacks on September 11 , 2012 . The film stars James Badge Dale , John Krasinski , Max Martini , Pablo Schreiber and Toby Stephens . Filming began on April 27 , 2015 in Malta and Morocco . The film was released on January 15 , 2016 , by Paramount Pictures . Upon release , 13 Hours received generally mixed reviews from critics and audiences , with many claiming the script and storytelling were lame and unoriginal , however the film also gained praise for its action sequences , stunts , acting , direction and effects . The film grossed just $ 69 million worldwide against a budget of $ 50 million , becoming Bay 's lowest-grossing film to-date . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Sound Mixing at 89th Academy Awards .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
47549
Michael Fassbender is an actor.
[ { "id": "Michael_Fassbender", "score": 0.8167215585708618, "text": "Michael Fassbender ( born 2 April 1977 ) is a German-born Irish actor . His feature film debut was in the fantasy war epic 300 ( 2007 ) as a Spartan warrior ; his earlier roles included various stage productions , as well as starring roles on television such as in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) and the Sky One fantasy drama Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He first came to prominence for his role as IRA activist Bobby Sands in Hunger ( 2008 ) , for which he won a British Independent Film Award . Subsequent roles include in the independent film Fish Tank ( 2009 ) , as a Royal Marines lieutenant in Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) , as Edward Rochester in the 2011 film adaptation of Jane Eyre , as Carl Jung in A Dangerous Method ( 2011 ) , as a sentient android in Prometheus ( 2012 ) and its sequel , Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) , and in the musical comedy-drama Frank ( 2014 ) as an eccentric musician loosely inspired by Frank Sidebottom . In 2011 , Fassbender debuted as the Marvel Comics antihero Magneto in X-Men : First Class , and went on to share the role with Ian McKellen in X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) , and reprise it again in X-Men : Apocalypse ( 2016 ) . Also in 2011 , Fassbender 's performance as a sex addict in Shame earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival and was nominated for Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards . In 2013 , his role as slave owner Edwin Epps in the slavery epic 12 Years a Slave was similarly praised , earning him his first Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor . In 2013 , Fassbender appeared in another Ridley Scott film , The Counselor . In 2015 , he portrayed the title role in the Danny Boyle-directed biopic Steve Jobs ( 2015 ) , and played Macbeth in Justin Kurzel 's adaptation of William Shakespeare 's play . For the former , he has received Academy Award , BAFTA , Golden Globe and SAG nominations . In 2015 , he produced the western Slow West , in which he also starred ." } ]
[ { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Michael_Fassbender", "score": 0.7571058869361877, "text": "The following is a list of awards and nominations received by Irish-German actor Michael Fassbender throughout his acting career .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "The_Counselor", "score": 0.6680685877799988, "text": "The Counselor is a 2013 British-American dark thriller film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Cormac McCarthy . It stars Michael Fassbender as the eponymous Counselor as well as Penélope Cruz , Cameron Diaz , Javier Bardem and Brad Pitt . The film deals with primal human concerns like greed , mortality , love , and trust related to the theme of corruption and profit in a high stakes criminal environment . Fassbender plays the eponymous Counselor who out of greed gets irrevocably in over his head in a drug deal around the troubled Ciudad Juarez , Mexico / Texas border area . The Counselor was chosen as the closing film at the 2013 Morelia Film Festival and also played the Cork Film Festival . The London premiere was held on October 3 , 2013 in Leicester Square . The New York City premiere was held on October 9 , 2013 . The film was theatrically released on October 25 , 2013 . It is dedicated to Scott 's brother , Tony , who died in 2012 .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Joseph_Fassbender", "score": 0.6574259400367737, "text": "Joseph Fassbender ( Faßbender ) ( April 14 , 1903 in Cologne -- January 5 , 1974 in Cologne ) was a German painter and draughtsman .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_accolades_received_by_Steve_Jobs_(film)", "score": 0.6524034738540649, "text": "Steve Jobs is a 2015 American biographical drama film based on the life of Apple co-founder Steve Jobs , directed by Danny Boyle and starring Michael Fassbender in the title role along with Kate Winslet , Seth Rogen , and Jeff Daniels . Aaron Sorkin wrote the screenplay of the film , inspired by Walter Isaacson 's 2011 biography of the same name , as well as interviews conducted by Sorkin . The story is primarily set in the lead-up to the launches of three key products -- the Apple Macintosh , the NeXT Computer , the iMac G3 -- and focuses on Jobs ' technical and personal problems during those times . Initially it had a limited release in New York City and Los Angeles on October 9 , 2015 . It opened nationwide in the U.S. on October 23 , 2015 . The film received critical praised for its performances , screenplay , editing and original score . Fassbender , Winslet and Sorkin received strong notices for their work in the film including nominations from Academy Awards , Golden Globe Awards , BAFTA , Screen Actors Guild Awards , Critic 's Choice Awards , Satellite Awards , London Film Critics ' Circle and Online Film Critics Society among others . Winslet won Golden Globe , BAFTA and London Film Critics ' Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress , while Fassbender went on to win Best Actor prizes from Online Film Critics Society , Los Angeles Film Critics Association , Austin Film Critics Association , Houston Film Critics Society and honoured with International Star Award by Palm Springs International Film Festival .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder", "score": 0.6490304470062256, "text": "Rainer Werner Fassbinder ( -LSB- ˈʀaɪ̯nɐ ˈvɛʁnɐ ˈfasˌbɪndɐ -RSB- ; 31 May 1945 -- 10 June 1982 ) was a West German film director , screenwriter , film producer and actor . Fassbinder was part of the New German Cinema movement . While Fassbinder maintained a professional career that lasted less than fifteen years , he completed forty feature length films ; two television film series ; three short films ; four video productions ; twenty-four stage plays and four radio plays ; and thirty-six acting roles in his own and others ' films . He also worked as an actor ( film and theater ) , author , cameraman , composer , designer , editor and theater manager . Fassbinder died on 10 June 1982 at the age of 37 from a lethal cocktail of cocaine and barbiturates .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Shame_(2011_film)", "score": 0.6386916041374207, "text": "Shame is a 2011 British-American drama film directed and co-written by Steve McQueen , starring Michael Fassbender and Carey Mulligan as grown siblings . It was co-produced by Film4 and See-Saw Films . The film 's explicit scenes reflecting the protagonist 's sexual addiction resulted in a rating of NC-17 in the United States . Shame was released in the United Kingdom on 13 January 2012 .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Blood_Creek", "score": 0.6373655200004578, "text": "Blood Creek , previously known as Creek and Town Creek , is a horror film directed by Joel Schumacher , starring Michael Fassbender as the main antagonist and written by David Kajganich . The film had a limited theatrical release on September 18 , 2009 . The film also stars Dominic Purcell and Henry Cavill as brothers on a mission of revenge who become trapped in a harrowing occult experiment dating back to the Third Reich .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Michael_Keaton", "score": 0.6371719837188721, "text": "American actor Michael Keaton has been honored with numerous awards and nominations for his work in film and television .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Jürgen_Fassbender", "score": 0.6363353133201599, "text": "Jürgen Fassbender ( Faßbender , born 28 May 1948 ) is a retired professional tennis player for West Germany . On the ATP Tour , Fassbender won one singles and sixteen doubles titles . His best Grand Slam singles result was reaching the quarterfinals at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships . In doubles he reached the semifinals at the 1973 French Open and the 1973 and 1975 Wimbledon Championships . Between 1968 and 1979 he played in 23 ties for the German Davis Cup team and compiled a record of 20 wins and 14 losses . Best team result was winning the European zone and reaching the Inter-Zonal semifinal in 1968 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Hunger_(2008_film)", "score": 0.6349198818206787, "text": "Hunger is a 2008 British-Irish historical drama film directed by Steve McQueen and starring Michael Fassbender , Liam Cunningham , and Liam McMahon , about the 1981 Irish hunger strike . It was written by Enda Walsh and McQueen . It premiered at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival , winning the prestigious Caméra d'Or award for first-time filmmakers . It went on to win the Sydney Film Prize at the Sydney Film Festival , the Grand Prix of the Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics , best picture from the Evening Standard British Film Awards , and received two BAFTA nominations , winning one . The film was also nominated for eight awards at the 2009 IFTAs , winning six at the event . The film stars Fassbender as Bobby Sands , the Provisional Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) volunteer and MP who led the second IRA hunger strike and participated in the no wash protest ( led by Brendan `` The Dark '' Hughes ) in which Irish republican prisoners tried to regain political status after it had been revoked by the British government in 1976 . It dramatises events in the Maze Prison in the period leading up to the hunger strike and its aftermath .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Michael_Ryan_(actor)", "score": 0.6295007467269897, "text": "Michael Ryan is a British actor .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Fassbender", "score": 0.6228927373886108, "text": "Fassbender is a surname . Notable people with the name include : Joseph Fassbender ( 1903 -- 1974 ) , painter and draughtsman Jürgen Fassbender ( born 1948 ) , tennis player Max Fassbender ( 1868-c . 1927 ) , German cinematographer Michael Fassbender ( born 1977 ) , actor Peter Fassbender ( born 1946 ) , Canadian politician Susan Fassbender ( 1959 -- 1991 ) , singer , songwriter , and musician", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Macbeth_(2015_film)", "score": 0.6216872334480286, "text": "Macbeth is a 2015 British-French-American war historical drama film based on William Shakespeare 's play of the same name , directed by Justin Kurzel and written by Jacob Koskoff , Todd Louiso , and Michael Lesslie . The film stars Michael Fassbender in the title role and Marion Cotillard as Lady Macbeth . The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival . The film was theatrically released on December 4 , 2015 on the United States while in the UK , it was released on October 2 , 2015 . Upon its release , Macbeth received generally positive reviews from film critics who highly praised the lead character 's depiction by Fassbender as well as praising the rest of the cast , the visual style , the script , the direction and the war sequences . However , despite positive critical reaction , the film was a commercial failure , grossing $ 16 million worldwide against production budget of $ 20 million .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Michael_Mandel_(actor)", "score": 0.6206684112548828, "text": "Michael Mandel is an American actor .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Steve_Jobs_(film)", "score": 0.6184371113777161, "text": "Steve Jobs is a 2015 American biographical drama film directed by Danny Boyle and written by Aaron Sorkin . Based on the biography of the same name by Walter Isaacson as well as interviews conducted by Sorkin , the film is structured into three acts which cover fourteen years ( 1984 -- 1998 ) in the life of personal computing innovator and Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs , with each act taking place immediately prior to the launch of a key product -- the Apple Macintosh , the NeXT Computer and the iMac . Jobs is portrayed by Michael Fassbender , with Kate Winslet , Seth Rogen , Katherine Waterston , Michael Stuhlbarg and Jeff Daniels in supporting roles . Development on the project began in 2011 after the rights to Isaacson 's book were acquired . Sorkin wrote the screenplay with filming beginning in January 2015 . A variety of actors were considered and cast before Fassbender eventually took the role . Editing was extensive on the project , with editor Elliot Graham noting that he was working on existing footage while the film was still shooting . Daniel Pemberton served as the film 's composer , with a focus dedicated to dividing the score into three distinguishable sections . Steve Jobs premiered at the 2015 Telluride Film Festival on September 5 , 2015 , and began a limited release in New York City and Los Angeles on October 9 , 2015 . It opened nationwide in the U.S. on October 23 , 2015 to critical acclaim . Individuals close to Jobs such as Steve Wozniak and John Sculley would praise the film 's performances , but the film also received criticisms for its inaccuracy in some of its scenes . Winslet won a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actress and Sorkin won the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay at the 73rd Golden Globes , while Fassbender and Winslet received nominations for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively , at the 88th Academy Awards .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Michael_Nardelli", "score": 0.6141922473907471, "text": "Michael Nardelli is an American actor and producer .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "9th_Irish_Film_&_Television_Awards", "score": 0.6131536364555359, "text": "The 9th Irish Film & Television Awards took place on Saturday 11 February 2012 at the Convention Centre Dublin ( CCD ) . It was hosted by Irish actor Simon Delaney . The Show was broadcast on RTÉ One Television on the night . The ceremony , hosted by the Academy on Saturday 11 February reached a record audience of 1.143 Million viewers * on RTÉ One , clocking up the highest number of Irish viewers to watch the Awards show . Among the winners at the Irish Film & Television Awards was Michael Fassbender , who picked up the Best Actor IFTA for his stark performance in Steve McQueen 's drama Shame . Speaking after receiving his IFTA , Michel said he was `` humbled '' and `` honoured '' to accept the accolade from the Irish Academy . The Guard , Ireland 's most successful independent Irish feature film , won four film Awards on the night ; Best Film , Director , Screenwriter and Supporting Actress Fionnula Flanagan . Irish Actress Fionnula Flanagan received the IFTA Lifetime Achievement award . The TV series Love/Hate won seven awards including Best Drama and Best Director .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Wolfram_Berger", "score": 0.6124047636985779, "text": "Wolfram Berger is an Austrian actor .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Max_Simonischek", "score": 0.6082387566566467, "text": "Maximilian Simonischek is an actor .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Fox_and_His_Friends", "score": 0.6062520742416382, "text": "Fox and His Friends ( Faustrecht der Freiheit ) , also known as Right Fist of Freedom , is a 1975 West German film written and directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder , starring Fassbinder himself , Peter Chatel and Karlheinz Böhm . The plot follows the misadventures of a working-class homosexual who falls in love with the elegant son of an industrialist . His lover tries to mold him into a gilt-edged mirror of upper-class values and ultimately swindles the easily flattered lottery winner out of his fortune . The film is an incisive look at the relationship between money and emotions . Love is seen as a commodity that can be bought for money and lasts only as long as it is profitable .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
32126
Red Headed Stranger is a movie.
[ { "id": "Red_Headed_Stranger", "score": 0.6800796389579773, "text": "Red Headed Stranger is a 1975 album by American outlaw country singer Willie Nelson . After the wide success of his recordings with Atlantic Records , coupled with the negotiating skills of his manager , Neil Reshen , Nelson signed a contract with Columbia Records , a label that gave him total creative control over his works . The concept for the album was inspired by the `` Tale of the Red Headed Stranger '' , a song that Nelson used to play as a disk jockey on his program in Fort Worth , Texas . After signing with Columbia he decided to record the song , and arranged the details during his return to Austin , Texas , from a trip to Colorado . It was recorded at low cost at Autumn Sound Studios in Garland , Texas . The songs featured sparse arrangements , largely limited to Nelson 's guitar , piano and drums . Nelson presented the finished material to Columbia executives , who were dubious about releasing an album that they at first thought was a demo . However , Nelson had creative control , so no further production was added . A concept album , Red Headed Stranger is about a fugitive on the run from the law after killing his wife and her lover . The content consists of songs with brief poetic lyrics and arrangements of older material such as Fred Rose 's `` Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain '' , Wolfe Gilbert 's `` Down Yonder '' and Juventino Rosas ' `` O'er the Waves '' . Despite Columbia 's doubts and the limited instrumentation , Red Headed Stranger was a blockbuster among country music and mainstream audiences . It was certified multi-platinum , and made Nelson one of the most recognized artists in country music . The cover of `` Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain '' , released as a single previous to the album full release became Nelson 's first number one hit . The title of the album would become a lasting nickname for Nelson . It was ranked # 183 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , and number one on CMT 's 40 Greatest Albums in Country Music . In 2010 it was inducted to the National Recording Registry . In 1986 Nelson starred as the Red Headed Stranger in a movie of the same name , based on the story of the album . The album has had a strong cultural impact ; the song `` Time of the Preacher '' has been used often in the series Edge of Darkness , and its lyrics were used as well in the first issue of the comic Preacher ." } ]
[ { "id": "Willie_Nelson_filmography", "score": 0.6207213997840881, "text": "Country music singer Willie Nelson , besides a varied musical career , has appeared in many films since his debut in The Electric Horseman ( 1979 ) . His highlights include Barbarosa , Honeysuckle Rose and the film version of his album Red Headed Stranger .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "The_Strangers_(2008_film)", "score": 0.6200838685035706, "text": "The Strangers is a 2008 American horror film written and directed by Bryan Bertino and starring Liv Tyler and Scott Speedman . The film follows a young couple who are terrorized by three masked assailants over the course of an evening at a remote summer home . Writer-director Bertino was inspired by two real-life events : the Manson family Tate murders , a multiple homicide that occurred in California in 1969 ; and a series of break-ins that occurred in his own neighborhood as a child . Made on a budget of $ 9 million , the film was shot on location in rural South Carolina in the fall of 2006 . At the 2007 San Diego Comic Con , Bertino appeared with stars Tyler and Speedman , and premiered a teaser trailer promoting the film . Originally slated for a theatrical release in November 2007 , its release date was postponed , and it received a wide theatrical release on May 30 , 2008 . It grossed $ 82.4 million at the box office worldwide . Although a commercial success , it received mixed reviews from critics , with some praising its atmosphere and tension , and others criticizing its script and characters . Contemporary film scholars have interpreted the film as a criticism of the perceived safety of pastoral life , as well as an exploration of stranger-on-stranger violence .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Perfect_Stranger_(film)", "score": 0.6195695996284485, "text": "Perfect Stranger is a 2007 American neo-noir psychological thriller film , directed by James Foley , and starring Halle Berry and Bruce Willis in their first film together since 1991 's The Last Boy Scout . It was produced by Revolution Studios for Columbia Pictures .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Once_You_Meet_a_Stranger", "score": 0.6191905736923218, "text": "Once You Meet a Stranger is a 1996 American made-for-television thriller film directed by Tommy Lee Wallace and a remake of Alfred Hitchcock 's 1951 classic film Strangers on a Train . In the remake the genders of the principal characters have been switched from male to female ( Guy Haines became Sheila Gaines and Anthony Bruno became Margo Anthony ) . It stars Jacqueline Bisset and Theresa Russell and premiered on CBS on September 25 , 1996 .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "A_Hatful_of_Rain", "score": 0.6093531250953674, "text": "A Hatful of Rain is a 1957 American dramatic film about a young married man with a secret morphine addiction . It is a medically and sociologically accurate account of the effects of morphine on an addict and his family . The frank depiction of drug addiction in a feature film was a rarity for its time . The film stars Eva Marie Saint , Don Murray , Anthony Franciosa , Lloyd Nolan , and Henry Silva . It was adapted by Michael V. Gazzo , Alfred Hayes , and Carl Foreman from the play by Gazzo . Foreman was blacklisted at the time of the film 's release . The Writers Guild of America added his name to the film 's credits in 1998 , 14 years after his death . It was directed by Fred Zinnemann and features a strong musical score by Bernard Herrmann . Herrmann was asked by 20th Century Fox to rescore his prelude for the film as the original was considered `` too terrifying '' . Franciosa was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Red_Dragon_(film)", "score": 0.6093064546585083, "text": "Red Dragon is a 2002 American psychological horror film based on the novel of the same name by Thomas Harris , featuring psychiatrist and serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter . It is a prequel to The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) and Hannibal ( 2001 ) . The novel was originally adapted into the film Manhunter ( 1986 ) . The film was directed by Brett Ratner and written for the screen by Ted Tally , who also wrote the screenplay for The Silence of the Lambs . It stars Anthony Hopkins as Lecter , a role he played twice before in The Silence of the Lambs and Hannibal , and Edward Norton as FBI agent Will Graham . The film also stars Ralph Fiennes , Harvey Keitel , Emily Watson , Mary-Louise Parker , and Philip Seymour Hoffman .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Red_Riding_Hood_(2011_film)", "score": 0.6084089279174805, "text": "Red Riding Hood is a 2011 Canadian romance horror film directed by Catherine Hardwicke , produced by Leonardo DiCaprio and starring Amanda Seyfried as the title role , from a screenplay by David Leslie Johnson . The film is very loosely based on the folk tale Little Red Riding Hood collected by both Charles Perrault under the name Le Petit Chaperon Rouge ( Little Red Riding Hood ) and several decades later by the Brothers Grimm as Rotkäppchen ( Little Red Cap ) .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Red_Lights_(2012_film)", "score": 0.606839120388031, "text": "Red Lights is a 2012 Spanish-American drama film written and directed by Rodrigo Cortés and starring Cillian Murphy , Sigourney Weaver , Robert De Niro , Toby Jones , Elizabeth Olsen , Joely Richardson and Leonardo Sbaraglia . The plot focuses on a physicist ( Murphy ) and a university psychology professor ( Weaver ) , both of whom specialise in debunking supernatural phenomena , and their attempt at discrediting a renowned psychic ( De Niro ) whose greatest critic mysteriously died 30 years prior . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2012 , and received a limited release in the United States on 13 July 2012 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Red_(2008_film)", "score": 0.6050740480422974, "text": "Red is a 2008 thriller film based on a novel by Jack Ketchum and directed by Trygve Allister Diesen and Lucky McKee . It concerns one man 's revenge after his beloved dog dies in an attempted robbery . The screenplay was written by Stephen Susco based on the novel . It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2008 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "When_a_Stranger_Calls_(1979_film)", "score": 0.6047105193138123, "text": "When a Stranger Calls is a 1979 American psychological horror film . It was directed by Fred Walton and stars Carol Kane and Charles Durning . The film derives its story from the classic folk legend of `` The Babysitter and the Man Upstairs '' and the 1974 horror classic Black Christmas . The film was commercially successful , grossing $ 21,411,158 at the box office , though it received a mixed critical reception . It was followed by the 1993 made-for-television sequel When a Stranger Calls Back and a remake in 2006 . The film has developed a cult following over time because of the first 20 minutes , now consistently regarded as one of the scariest openings in horror movie history . The opening sequence was largely influential for the horror genre and was paid homage to in Wes Craven 's Scream in the latter film 's opening 12 minutes .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "You_Will_Meet_a_Tall_Dark_Stranger", "score": 0.6034324765205383, "text": "You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger is a 2010 English-language Spanish -- American co-production comedy-drama film written and directed by Woody Allen . It features Antonio Banderas , Josh Brolin , Anthony Hopkins , Gemma Jones , Freida Pinto , Lucy Punch , Naomi Watts , Roger Ashton-Griffiths and Pauline Collins . It premiered on 15 May 2010 at the Cannes Film Festival in an out-of-competition slot .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Red_Rover_(film)", "score": 0.6024694442749023, "text": "Red Rover ( also known as The Haunting Within ) is a 2003 horror / thriller film directed by Marc S. Grenier . It is about two siblings played by William Baldwin and Jodi Lyn O'Keefe who travel to their families old , ancestral estate upon the death of their father . They soon find out the hard way about their family 's ancient secret of witchcraft and the occult .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Eyes_of_a_Stranger_(1981_film)", "score": 0.6014987826347351, "text": "Eyes of a Stranger is a 1981 slasher film directed by Ken Wiederhorn . It features makeup effects by Tom Savini and marked Jennifer Jason Leigh 's film debut .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "The_Stranger_Beside_Me_(film)", "score": 0.6005229949951172, "text": "The Stranger Beside Me is a 1995 American made for television movie that stars Tiffani Amber Thiessen as a young newlywed who suspects her charming husband ( Eric Close ) is not as charming or innocent as he seems . Directed by Sandor Stern . Though this film shares a title with a book about Ted Bundy , it is not based on or inspired by the serial killer .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "The_Stranger_(2014_film)", "score": 0.5997156500816345, "text": "The Stranger is a 2014 horror-thriller film directed by Guillermo Amoedo . The film stars Cristobal Tapia Montt , Ariel Levy , Lorenza Izzo and Nicolás Durán . It is the third film from Sobras International Pictures project Chilewood . Montt plays a drifter who enters a small town , seeking information about his estranged wife .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Stranger_than_Fiction_(2006_film)", "score": 0.599145233631134, "text": "Stranger than Fiction is a 2006 American fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Marc Forster , produced by Lindsay Doran , and written by Zach Helm . The film stars Will Ferrell , Maggie Gyllenhaal , Dustin Hoffman , Queen Latifah , and Emma Thompson . The main plot follows Harold Crick ( portrayed by Ferrell ) , a nondescript white-collar worker who begins hearing a disembodied voice narrating his life as it happens -- seemingly the text of a novel in which it is stated that he will soon die -- and he frantically seeks to somehow prevent that ending . The film was shot on location in Chicago , and has been praised for its innovative , intelligent story and fine performances . Ferrell , who came to prominence playing brash comedic parts , garnered particular attention for offering a restrained performance in his first starring dramatic role .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Strangers_on_a_Train_(novel)", "score": 0.5985825657844543, "text": "Strangers on a Train ( 1950 ) is a psychological thriller novel by Patricia Highsmith about two men whose lives become entangled after one of them proposes they ` trade ' murders . He then goes ahead and fulfills his end of the imaginary bargain , leading to fatal consequences for both . It was adapted as a film in 1951 by director Alfred Hitchcock . It has since been adapted in whole or in part for film and television several times . The novel was adapted for radio in 2004 by Craig Warner , and adapted for the stage in 2013 ( also by Warner ) . In 2015 , it was announced that director David Fincher and writer Gillian Flynn are working on a remake for Warner Bros. that is said to be a `` modern take '' of the Hitchcock version .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "The_Stranger_(2010_film)", "score": 0.5971081256866455, "text": "The Stranger is a 2010 Canadian-American action film written by Quinn Scott and directed by Robert Lieberman , and starring former WWE wrestler Steve Austin . The film was released on direct-to-DVD and Blu-ray in the United States on June 1 , 2010 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Strangers_(1991_film)", "score": 0.5956888198852539, "text": "Strangers is a 1991 Australian film .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "The_Sixth_Sense", "score": 0.5954396724700928, "text": "The Sixth Sense is a 1999 American supernatural horror-thriller film written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan . The film tells the story of Cole Sear ( Haley Joel Osment ) , a troubled , isolated boy who is able to see and talk to the dead , and an equally troubled child psychologist named Malcolm Crowe ( Bruce Willis ) who tries to help him . The film established Shyamalan as a writer and director , and introduced the cinema public to his traits , most notably his affinity for surprise endings . Released by Hollywood Pictures on August 6 , 1999 , the film was received well ; critics highlighted the performances ( especially by Osment , Collette and Willis ) , its atmosphere , and twist conclusion . The film was the second-highest-grossing film of 1999 ( behind Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace ) , grossing about $ 293 million domestically and $ 672 million worldwide . The film was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Shyamalan , Best Original Screenplay , Best Supporting Actor for Osment , and Best Supporting Actress for Toni Collette .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
44422
Paul Bettany has played Vision in at least two works.
[ { "id": "Paul_Bettany", "score": 0.7509768009185791, "text": "Paul Bettany ( born 27 May 1971 ) is an English actor . He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , specifically the films Iron Man ( 2008 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) , and Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , in which he also portrayed the Vision , in the Marvel Cinematic Universe for which he garnered praise . He reprised his role as the Vision in Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) . He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 ( 2000 ) , and director Brian Helgeland 's film A Knight 's Tale ( 2001 ) . He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films , including A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World ( 2003 ) , Dogville ( 2003 ) , Wimbledon ( 2004 ) , and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code ( 2006 ) . He has been nominated for various awards , including BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture . Bettany is married to American actress Jennifer Connelly , with whom he has two children . His most commercially successful films have been The Avengers , which grossed over US$ 1.5 billion , its sequel Avengers : Age of Ultron , which grossed over $ 1.4 billion , Iron Man 3 , which grossed over US$ 1.2 billion , Captain America : Civil War , which grossed over US$ 1.1 billion , and The Da Vinci Code , which grossed US$ 758 million ." } ]
[ { "id": "Vision_(Marvel_Comics)", "score": 0.7054175734519958, "text": "Vision is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The first iteration was an alien created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby who first appeared in Marvel Mystery Comics # 13 ( November 1940 ) . The second iteration is an android and a member of the Avengers who first appeared in The Avengers # 57 ( October 1968 ) by Roy Thomas , Stan Lee and John Buscema . The third Vision is a time traveler that fused with the second version 's operating system . The character is portrayed by Paul Bettany in the 2015 film Avengers : Age of Ultron and the 2016 film Captain America : Civil War .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Priest_(2011_film)", "score": 0.629787802696228, "text": "Priest is a 2011 American post-apocalyptic dystopian science fiction action horror film starring Paul Bettany as the title character . The film , directed by Scott Stewart , is loosely based on the Korean comic of the same name by Hyung Min-woo . In an alternate world , humanity and vampires have warred for centuries . After the last Vampire War , a veteran Warrior Priest ( Bettany ) lives in obscurity with other humans inside one of the Church 's walled cities . When the Priest 's niece ( Lily Collins ) is kidnapped by vampires , the Priest breaks his vows to hunt them down . He is accompanied by the niece 's boyfriend Hicks ( Cam Gigandet ) , who is a wasteland sheriff , and a former Warrior Priestess ( Maggie Q ) . The film first entered development in 2005 , when Screen Gems bought the spec script by Cory Goodman . In 2006 Andrew Douglas was attached to direct and Gerard Butler was attached to star . They were eventually replaced by Stewart and Bettany in 2009 and filming started in Los Angeles , California , later in the year . The film changed release dates numerous times throughout 2010 and 2011 . It was especially pushed back from 2010 to 2011 to convert the film from 2D to 3D . It was released in the United States and Canada on , 2011 . The film earned over $ 78 million at the box office against a $ 60 million production budget , but it was panned by critics , who , while noting the film 's visual style , criticized the movie 's use of genre clichés .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Private_Eyes_(play)", "score": 0.616155207157135, "text": "Private Eyes is a 1996 drama by Steven Dietz about deception and broken trust , labeled by the author as a `` comedy of suspicion '' , as the story is brought in multiple layers and the audience is repeatedly tricked to believe that the current situation is real . Some critics - though not Dietz himself - consider it an homage to Tom Stoppard 's 1982 The Real Thing , a play which features some similar themes and techniques .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Shelter_(2014_film)", "score": 0.6026093363761902, "text": "Shelter is a 2014 American drama film written and directed by Paul Bettany in his directorial debut . The film stars Jennifer Connelly and Anthony Mackie , alongside a supporting cast featuring Rob Morgan , Amy Hargreaves , and Bruce Altman . The film was released on November 13 , 2015 , by Screen Media Films .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Wimbledon_(film)", "score": 0.5987005233764648, "text": "Wimbledon is a 2004 British romantic comedy film directed by Richard Loncraine . The film stars Paul Bettany as a washed-up tennis pro and Kirsten Dunst as an up-and-coming tennis star .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "The_Prisoner_in_other_media", "score": 0.5985420346260071, "text": "The Prisoner has been represented in several other media .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Alice_Through_the_Looking_Glass_(2016_film)", "score": 0.5982325077056885, "text": "Alice Through the Looking Glass is a 2016 American fantasy adventure film directed by James Bobin , written by Linda Woolverton and produced by Tim Burton , Joe Roth , Suzanne Todd and Jennifer Todd . It is based on the characters created by Lewis Carroll and is the sequel to the 2010 film Alice in Wonderland . The film stars Johnny Depp , Anne Hathaway , Mia Wasikowska , Matt Lucas , Rhys Ifans , Helena Bonham Carter and Sacha Baron Cohen and features the voices of Stephen Fry , Michael Sheen , Timothy Spall and Alan Rickman , in his final film role . In the film , Alice comes across a magical looking glass that takes her back to Wonderland , where she finds that the Mad Hatter is acting madder than usual and wants to discover the truth about his family . Alice then travels through time ( with the `` Chronosphere '' ) , comes across friends and enemies at different points of their lives , and embarks on a race to save the Hatter before time runs out . The film premiered in London on May 10 , 2016 , and was theatrically released by Walt Disney Pictures on May 27 , 2016 . It under-performed at the box office in comparison with the first film 's gross .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Abaddon_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.5924479365348816, "text": "The angel or demon Abaddon has appeared many times in works of popular culture .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "The_Vision_(film)", "score": 0.5911800265312195, "text": "The Vision is a British television movie which had its first showing on 9 January 1988 on BBC1 . The film was written by William Nicholson and directed by Norman Stone . It starred Dirk Bogarde and Helena Bonham Carter . It was episode 1 of the fourth series of Screen Two . Filming locations included The Exchange , Mount Stuart Square , Cardiff , South Glamorgan , Wales , United Kingdom . The film was the main feature on the front cover of the Radio Times when it was first shown .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Angela_Bettis", "score": 0.5904829502105713, "text": "Angela Marie Bettis ( born January 9 , 1973 ) is an American film and stage actress , film producer , and director best known for her lead roles in the 2002 TV adaptation of the Stephen King novel Carrie , the title character in May ( 2002 ) , and in Girl , Interrupted as an anorexic psychiatric patient Janet Webber . In addition to her work in film , Bettis also starred in two Broadway productions : The Father in 1996 with Frank Langella , and as Abigail Williams in a 2002 revival of Arthur Miller 's The Crucible alongside Liam Neeson and Laura Linney .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_films_featuring_Frankenstein's_monster", "score": 0.5879655480384827, "text": "There is a body of films that feature Frankenstein 's monster .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Brian_Fortune", "score": 0.5876002311706543, "text": "Brian Fortune is an Irish actor .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Themes_in_Minority_Report", "score": 0.5872686505317688, "text": "The plot of the 2002 science fiction neo-noir film Minority Report concerns itself with a number of themes . The film 's plot centers around a trio of psychics called `` precogs '' , who see future images called `` previsions '' of crimes yet to be committed . These images are processed by `` Precrime '' , a specialized police department , which apprehends the criminals based on the precogs foreknowledge . The cast includes Tom Cruise as Precrime officer John Anderton , Colin Farrell as Department of Justice agent Danny Witwer , Samantha Morton as the senior precog Agatha , and Max von Sydow as Anderton 's superior Lamar Burgess . The film is a combination of whodunit , thriller , and science fiction . Spielberg has characterized the movie 's story as `` fifty percent character and fifty percent very complicated storytelling with layers and layers of murder mystery and plot . '' The film 's central theme is the question of free will vs. determinism . It examines whether free will can exist if the future is set and known in advance . It also concerns itself with the role of preventative government in protecting its citizenry , which was apt of the time of the picture 's given America 's debates over the government 's expanding powers after 9/11 . Minority Report presents a future of increasing electronic surveillance , personalized advertising , and it analyzes the role of media in a future state where electronic advancements make its presence nearly boundless , the potential legality of an infallible prosecutor , and Spielberg 's repeated theme of the broken family . Spielberg 's analysis of the familial aspect was motivated by his own parent 's divorce when he was a child . 8 ca", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "The_Sixth_Sense", "score": 0.5848951935768127, "text": "The Sixth Sense is a 1999 American supernatural horror-thriller film written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan . The film tells the story of Cole Sear ( Haley Joel Osment ) , a troubled , isolated boy who is able to see and talk to the dead , and an equally troubled child psychologist named Malcolm Crowe ( Bruce Willis ) who tries to help him . The film established Shyamalan as a writer and director , and introduced the cinema public to his traits , most notably his affinity for surprise endings . Released by Hollywood Pictures on August 6 , 1999 , the film was received well ; critics highlighted the performances ( especially by Osment , Collette and Willis ) , its atmosphere , and twist conclusion . The film was the second-highest-grossing film of 1999 ( behind Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace ) , grossing about $ 293 million domestically and $ 672 million worldwide . The film was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Shyamalan , Best Original Screenplay , Best Supporting Actor for Osment , and Best Supporting Actress for Toni Collette .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Light_and_the_Sufferer", "score": 0.5842081308364868, "text": "Light and the Sufferer is a 2007 American science fiction film starring Paul Dano , Paz de la Huerta , Michael Esper , and Paul D'Amato and directed by Christopher Peditto . It is based on a short story by Jonathan Lethem . The film is about two brothers who try to leave New York City for a new life in California , only to find their plans and lives changed forever by the appearance of a mysterious alien .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Focus_(2015_film)", "score": 0.584003746509552, "text": "Focus is a 2015 American romantic crime comedy-drama film written and directed by Glenn Ficarra and John Requa , starring Will Smith , Margot Robbie , and Rodrigo Santoro . The film was released on February 27 , 2015 and received mixed reviews from critics but was a success at the box office , grossing a total of $ 159 million off its $ 50 million budget .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Peter_Ibbetson", "score": 0.583252489566803, "text": "Peter Ibbetson is an American black-and-white drama film released in 1935 and directed by Henry Hathaway . The picture is based on a novel by George du Maurier , first published in 1891 . In 1917 , du Maurier 's story was adapted into a very successful Broadway play starring John Barrymore , Lionel Barrymore , Constance Collier and Laura Hope Crews . The story had also been filmed in 1921 , as a silent film called Forever ( 1921 ) , directed by George Fitzmaurice and starring the popular Wallace Reid . In the years that followed , a Ford Theater television Peter Ibbetson ( 1951 ) starring Richard Greene , and a Campbell Playhouse radio Peter Ibbetson ( 1951 ) directed by and starring Orson Welles were produced . This tale of a love that transcends all obstacles relates the story of two young lovers who are separated in childhood and then drawn together by destiny years later . Even though they are separated in real life because Peter is unjustly convicted of murder ( it was actually self-defense ) , they discover they can dream themselves into each other 's consciousness while asleep . In this way , they live out their life together . The transitions between reality and fantasy are captured by the cinematography of Charles Lang , as discussed in the documentary Visions of Light ( 1992 ) .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Second_Sight_(film)", "score": 0.5831964612007141, "text": "Second Sight is a 1989 comedy film from Warner Bros. , starring John Larroquette , Bronson Pinchot , Stuart Pankin and Bess Armstrong . In the film , a paranormal detective ( Larroquette ) , a psychic ( Pinchot ) and a nun ( Armstrong ) search the streets of Boston , Massachusetts for a missing person who has allegedly been kidnapped . Although scripted by Patricia Resnick ( who previously co-wrote 9 to 5 ) and Oscar-winner Tom Schulman ( for Dead Poets Society ) , the film was a critical and commercial failure ; it garnered mostly-negative reviews , and earned only $ 5.3 million at the United States box office .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Mark_A._Altman", "score": 0.5830699801445007, "text": "Mark A. Altman is a writer , producer and actor .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Distorted_vision", "score": 0.58272385597229, "text": "Distorted vision is a symptom with several different possible causes .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
33767
Scotland's Hebrides is widespread and diverse with many islands.
[ { "id": "Scotland", "score": 0.6506783962249756, "text": "Scotland ( -LSB- ˈskɒt.lənd -RSB- Scots : -LSB- - scoˈskɔt.lənd -RSB- Alba -LSB- ˈal̪ˠapə -RSB- ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain . It shares a border with England to the south , and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west . In addition to the mainland , the country is made up of more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain itself entered into a political union with the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . Scotland is represented in the United Kingdom Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs . Scotland is also a member of the British -- Irish Council , and sends five elected representatives to the British -- Irish Parliamentary Assembly ." }, { "id": "Hebrides", "score": 0.8034313321113586, "text": "The Hebrides ( -LSB- ˈhɛbrᵻdiːz -RSB- Scottish Gaelic : Innse Gall ( -LSB- ĩːʃə gau̯l̪ˠ -RSB- ) ; Old Norse : Suðreyjar ) comprise a widespread and diverse archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland . There are two main groups : the Inner and Outer Hebrides . These islands have a long history of occupation dating back to the Mesolithic , and the culture of the residents has been affected by the successive influences of Celtic , Norse , and English-speaking peoples . This diversity is reflected in the names given to the islands , which are derived from the languages that have been spoken there in historic and perhaps prehistoric times . The Hebrides are the source of much of Scottish Gaelic literature and Gaelic music . Today the economy of the islands is dependent on crofting , fishing , tourism , the oil industry , and renewable energy . The Hebrides have lower biodiversity than mainland Britain , but there is a significant presence of seals and seabirds ." } ]
[ { "id": "Environment_of_Scotland", "score": 0.6897135376930237, "text": "Scotland occupies the northern part of the United Kingdom . The landscape is diverse ; ranging from rugged mountain terrain to fertile arable flat land with many rivers and lochs .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Northern_Isles", "score": 0.6852399110794067, "text": "The Northern Isles ( Northern Isles Na h-Eileanan a Tuath Norðreyjar ) is an archipelago comprising a chain of islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland . The climate is cool and temperate and much influenced by the surrounding seas . There are two main island groups : Shetland and Orkney . There are a total of 26 inhabited islands with landscapes of the fertile agricultural islands of Orkney contrasting with the more rugged Shetland islands to the north , where the economy is more dependent on fishing and the oil wealth of the surrounding seas . Both have a developing renewable energy industry . They also share a common Pictish and Norse history . Both island groups were absorbed into the Kingdom of Scotland in the 15th century and remained part of the country following the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 , and later the United Kingdom after 1801 . The islands played a significant naval role during the world wars of the 20th century . Tourism is important to both archipelagos , with their distinctive prehistoric ruins playing a key part in their attraction , and there are regular ferry and air connections with mainland Scotland . The Scandinavian influence remains strong , especially in relation to local folklore , and both island chains have strong , although distinct , local cultures . The place names of the islands are dominated by their Norse heritage , although some may retain pre-Celtic elements .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Stones_of_Scotland", "score": 0.6790769100189209, "text": "There are many large stones of Scotland of cultural and historical interest , notably the distinctive Pictish stones , but also the other types discussed below .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Geography_of_Scotland", "score": 0.6776946187019348, "text": "The geography of Scotland is varied , from rural lowlands to unspoilt uplands , and from large cities to sparsely inhabited islands . Located in Northern Europe , Scotland comprises the northern one third of the island of Great Britain as well as 790 surrounding islands encompassing the major archipelagoes of the Shetland Islands , Orkney Islands and the Inner and Outer Hebrides . Scotland 's only land border is with England , which runs for 60 mi in a northeasterly direction from the Solway Firth in the west to the North Sea on the east coast . Separated by the North Channel , the island of Ireland lies 13 mi from Mull of Kintyre on the Scottish mainland . Norway is located 190 mi to the northeast of Scotland across the North Sea . The Atlantic Ocean , which fringes the coastline of western and northern Scotland and its islands , influences the temperate , maritime climate of the country . Scotland contains the majority of mountainous terrain in the UK . The topography of Scotland is distinguished by the Highland Boundary Faulta geological rock fracturewhich traverses the Scottish mainland from Helensburgh to Stonehaven . The faultline separates two distinctively different physiographic regions ; namely the Highlands to the north and west and the Lowlands to the south and east . The more rugged Highland region contains the majority of Scotland 's mountainous terrain , including the highest peak , Ben Nevis . Lowland areas , in the southern part of Scotland , are flatter and home to most of the population , especially the narrow waist of land between the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth known as the Central Belt . Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland , although Edinburgh is the capital and political centre of the country . While the Lowlands are less elevated , upland and mountainous terrain is located across the Southern Uplands . An abundance of natural resources such as coal , iron and zinc contributed significantly to the industrial growth of Scotland during the 19th and early 20th centuries . Today , energy is a major component of Scotland 's economy . Whilst Scotland is the largest producer of petroleum in the European Union , the production potential of renewable energy has emerged as an important economic and environmental issue in recent years .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Sea_of_the_Hebrides", "score": 0.6759495735168457, "text": "The Sea of the Hebrides ( -LSB- ˈhɛbrᵻdiːz -RSB- ) is a portion of the North Atlantic Ocean , located off the coast of western Scotland , separating the mainland and the northern Inner Hebrides islands ( to the east ) from the southern Outer Hebrides islands ( to the west ) . To the north , the Sea of the Hebrides joins The Minch . The Sea of the Hebrides forms part of the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland , as defined by the International Hydrographic Organization , and part of the Seas west of Scotland as far as fisheries management is concerned .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_lochs_in_Orkney", "score": 0.6756468415260315, "text": "This is a list of the named lochs of Orkney , Scotland . There are numerous lochs , both large and small , scattered across the islands of this archipelago", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Hebridean_sheep", "score": 0.6721808314323425, "text": "The Hebridean is a breed of small black sheep from Scotland , similar to other members of the Northern European short-tailed sheep group , having a short , triangular tail . They often have two pairs of horns . They were often formerly known as `` St Kilda '' sheep , although unlike Soay and Boreray sheep they are probably not in fact from the St Kilda archipelago .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Scalpay", "score": 0.6698696613311768, "text": "There is more than one island named Scalpay ( Scottish Gaelic : Sgalpaigh , pronounced -LSB- ˈs̪kalˠ̪paj -RSB- ) : Scalpay , Inner Hebrides ( near Skye ) Scalpay , Outer Hebrides ( near Harris )", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Cinema_of_Scotland", "score": 0.6686500310897827, "text": "Scotland has produced many films , directors and actors .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Shetland", "score": 0.6666910648345947, "text": "Shetland -LSB- ˈʃɛtlənd -RSB- , also called the Shetland Islands , is a subarctic archipelago that lies northeast of the island of Great Britain and forms part of Scotland , United Kingdom . The islands lie some 80 km to the northeast of Orkney and 280 km southeast of the Faroe Islands . They form part of the division between the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the North Sea to the east . The total area is 1466 km2 and the population totalled 23,210 in 2012 . Comprising the Shetland constituency of the Scottish Parliament , Shetland is also one of the 32 council areas of Scotland ; the islands ' administrative centre and only burgh is Lerwick , which has also been the capital of Shetland since taking over from Scalloway in 1708 . The largest island , known simply as the `` Mainland '' , has an area of 967 km2 , making it the third-largest Scottish island and the fifth-largest of the British Isles . There are an additional 15 inhabited islands . The archipelago has an oceanic climate , a complex geology , a rugged coastline and many low , rolling hills . Humans have lived in Shetland since the Mesolithic period . The earliest written references to the islands date back to Roman times . The early historic period was dominated by Scandinavian influences , especially from Norway , and the islands did not become part of Scotland until the 15th century . When Scotland became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 , trade with northern Europe decreased . Fishing has continued to be an important aspect of the economy up to the present day . The discovery of North Sea oil in the 1970s significantly boosted Shetland 's economy , employment and public sector revenues . The local way of life reflects the Scottish and Norse heritage of the isles , including the Up Helly Aa fire festival , and a strong musical tradition , especially the traditional fiddle style . The islands have produced a variety of writers of prose and poetry , often in the distinct Shetland dialect of Scots . There are numerous areas set aside to protect the local fauna and flora , including a number of important sea bird nesting sites . The Shetland pony and Shetland Sheepdog are two well-known Shetland animal breeds . Other local breeds include the Shetland sheep , cow , goose , and duck . The Shetland pig , or grice , has been extinct since about 1930 . The islands ' motto , which appears on the Council 's coat of arms , is Með lögum skal land byggja . This Icelandic phrase is taken from the Danish 1241 Basic Law , Codex Holmiensis , and is also mentioned in Njáls saga , and means `` By law shall land be built '' .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Green_Holm_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6647816300392151, "text": "Green Holm is the name of several islands .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Orkney", "score": 0.6646547913551331, "text": "Orkney -LSB- ˈɔrkni -RSB- ( Arcaibh ) , also known as the Orkney Islands , is an archipelago in the Northern Isles of Scotland , situated off the north coast of Great Britain . Orkney is 16 kilometres ( 10 mi ) north of the coast of Caithness and comprises approximately 70 islands , of which 20 are inhabited . The largest island Mainland is often referred to as `` the Mainland '' . It has an area of 523 km2 , making it the sixth-largest Scottish island and the tenth-largest island in the British Isles . The largest settlement and administrative centre is Kirkwall . A form of the name dates to the pre-Roman era and the islands have been inhabited for at least 8500 years , originally occupied by Mesolithic and Neolithic tribes and then by the Picts . Orkney was invaded and forcibly annexed by Norway in 875 and settled by the Norse . The Scottish Parliament then re-annexed the earldom to the Scottish Crown in 1472 , following the failed payment of a dowry for James III 's bride Margaret of Denmark . Orkney contains some of the oldest and best-preserved Neolithic sites in Europe , and the `` Heart of Neolithic Orkney '' is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site . Orkney is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland , a constituency of the Scottish Parliament , a lieutenancy area , and a historic county . The local council is Orkney Islands Council , one of only three Councils in Scotland with a majority of elected members who are independents . In addition to the Mainland , most of the islands are in two groups , the North and South Isles , all of which have an underlying geological base of Old Red Sandstone . The climate is mild and the soils are extremely fertile , most of the land being farmed . Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy . The significant wind and marine energy resources are of growing importance , and the island generates more than its total yearly electricity demand using renewables . The local people are known as Orcadians and have a distinctive Orcadian dialect of Scots and a rich inheritance of folklore . There is an abundance of marine and avian wildlife .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Geology_of_Skye", "score": 0.6633457541465759, "text": "The Geology of Skye , in Scotland , is highly variable and the island 's landscape reflects changes in the underlying nature of the rocks . A wide range of rock types are exposed on the island , sedimentary , metamorphic and igneous , ranging in age from the Archaean through to the Quaternary .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Fauna_of_Scotland", "score": 0.6632794141769409, "text": "The fauna of Scotland is generally typical of the northwest European part of the Palearctic ecozone , although several of the country 's larger mammals were hunted to extinction in historic times and human activity has also led to various species of wildlife being introduced . Scotland 's diverse temperate environments support 62 species of wild mammals , including a population of wild cats , important numbers of grey and harbour seals and the most northerly colony of bottlenose dolphins in the world . Many populations of moorland birds , including the black and red grouse live here , and the country has internationally significant nesting grounds for seabirds such as the northern gannet . The golden eagle has become a national icon , and white-tailed eagles and ospreys have recently re-colonised the land . The Scottish crossbill is the only endemic vertebrate species in the UK . Scotland 's seas are among the most biologically productive in the world ; it is estimated that the total number of Scottish marine species exceeds 40,000 . The Darwin Mounds are an important area of deep sea cold water coral reefs discovered in 1998 . Inland , nearly 400 genetically distinct populations of Atlantic salmon live in Scottish rivers . Of the 42 species of fish found in the country 's fresh waters , half have arrived by natural colonisation and half by human introduction . Only six amphibians and four land reptiles are native to Scotland , but many species of invertebrates live there that are otherwise rare in the United Kingdom ( UK ) . An estimated 14,000 species of insect , including rare bees and butterflies protected by conservation action plans , inhabit Scotland . Conservation agencies in the UK are concerned that climate change , especially its potential effects on mountain plateaus and marine life , threaten much of the fauna of Scotland .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Outline_of_Scotland", "score": 0.659612774848938, "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Scotland : Scotland -- country that is part of the United Kingdom . Occupying the northern third of the largest island , it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east , the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest . In addition to the mainland , Scotland consists of over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Description_of_the_Western_Isles_of_Scotland", "score": 0.6573533415794373, "text": "Description of the Western Isles of Scotland is the oldest known account of the Hebrides and the Islands of the Clyde , two chains of islands off the west coast of Scotland . The author was Donald Monro , a clergyman who used the title of `` Dean of the Isles '' and who lived through the Scottish Reformation . Monro wrote the original manuscript in 1549 , although it was not published in any form until 1582 and was not widely available to the public in its original form until 1774 . A more complete version , based on a late 17th-century manuscript written by Sir Robert Sibbald , was first published as late as 1961 . Monro wrote in Scots and some of the descriptions are difficult for modern readers to render into English . Although Monro was criticised for publishing folklore and for omitting detail about the affairs of the churches in his diocese , Monro 's Description is a valuable historical account and has reappeared in part or in whole in numerous publications , remaining one of the most widely quoted publications about the western islands of Scotland . Monro also wrote a brief description of the five main branches of Clan Donald that existed in his day under the title `` The Geneologies Of The Chieff Clans Of The Iles '' , and this work was included when Description was first published as a stand-alone volume in 1805 . The Sibbald manuscript also contains details about the `` Council of the Isles '' that operated from Eilean na Comhairle in Loch Finlaggan on the island of Islay . This is the most detailed extant account of the supreme judiciary body that had existed under the Lordship of the Isles until its demise in the late fifteenth century .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "The_Islands_Book_Trust", "score": 0.6554790139198303, "text": "The Islands book Trust is a project based on the Hebridean island of Lewis , aims to further understanding of the history of Scottish islands in their wider Celtic and Nordic contexts through : events including talks , visits , and conferences publications research and education .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Small_Isles", "score": 0.6551748514175415, "text": "The Small Isles ( Scottish Gaelic : Na h-Eileanan Tarsainn ) are a small archipelago of islands in the Inner Hebrides , off the west coast of Scotland . They lie south of Skye and north of Mull and Ardnamurchan -- the most westerly point of mainland Scotland . The Small Isles is one of 40 National Scenic Areas in Scotland .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "List_of_castles_in_the_Outer_Hebrides", "score": 0.6546767354011536, "text": "This is a list of castles in the Outer Hebrides .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "St_Kilda,_Scotland", "score": 0.6544978022575378, "text": "St Kilda ( Hiort ) is an isolated archipelago situated 64 km west-northwest of North Uist in the North Atlantic Ocean . It contains the westernmost islands of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland . The largest island is Hirta , whose sea cliffs are the highest in the United Kingdom ; three other islands ( Dùn , Soay and Boreray ) were also used for grazing and seabird hunting . The islands are administratively a part of the Comhairle nan Eilean Siar local authority area . The origin of the name St Kilda is a matter of conjecture . The islands ' human heritage includes numerous unique architectural features from the historic and prehistoric periods , although the earliest written records of island life date from the Late Middle Ages . The medieval village on Hirta was rebuilt in the 19th century , but illnesses brought by increased external contacts through tourism , and the upheaval of the First World War contributed to the island 's evacuation in 1930 . The story of St Kilda has attracted artistic interpretations , including Michael Powell 's film The Edge of the World and an opera . Permanent habitation on the islands possibly extends back at least two millennia , the population probably never exceeding 180 ( and certainly no more than 100 after 1851 ) . The entire remaining population was evacuated from Hirta ( the only inhabited island ) in 1930 . Currently , the only year-round residents are military personnel ; a variety of conservation workers , volunteers and scientists spend time there in the summer months . The entire archipelago is owned by the National Trust for Scotland . It became one of Scotland 's six World Heritage Sites in 1986 and is one of the few in the world to hold joint status for its natural and cultural qualities . Parties of volunteers work on the islands in the summer to restore the many ruined buildings that the native St Kildans left behind . They share the island with a small military base established in 1957 . Two different early sheep types have survived on these remote islands , the Soay , a Neolithic type , and the Boreray , an Iron Age type . The islands are a breeding ground for many important seabird species including northern gannets , Atlantic puffins , and northern fulmars . The St Kilda wren and St Kilda field mouse are endemic subspecies .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
79578
Uzbekistan is a part of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
[ { "id": "Uzbekistan", "score": 0.8335682153701782, "text": "Uzbekistan ( -LSB- ʊzˈbɛkᵻˌstæn , _ - ˌstɑːn -RSB- , -LSB- ʊzˌbɛkᵻˈstɑːn , _ ʌz - , _ - ˈstæn -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi , Ўзбекистон Республикаси Республика Узбекистан ) , is one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world . Located in Central Asia , it is a unitary , constitutional , presidential republic , comprising twelve provinces , one autonomous republic and a capital city . Uzbekistan is bordered by five landlocked countries : Kazakhstan to the north ; Tajikistan to the southeast ; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast ; Afghanistan to the south ; and Turkmenistan to the southwest . Once part of the Turkic Khaganate and later Timurid Empires , the region that today includes the Republic of Uzbekistan was conquered in the early 16th century by Eastern Turkic-speaking nomads . The area was gradually incorporated into the Russian Empire during the 19th century , and in 1924 what is now Uzbekistan became a bordered constituent republic of the Soviet Union , known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic ( Uzbek SSR ) . Following the breakup of the Soviet Union , it declared independence as the Republic of Uzbekistan on 31 August 1991 ( officially celebrated the following day ) . Uzbekistan is officially a democratic , secular , unitary , constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage . The country 's official language is Uzbek , a Turkic language written in the Latin alphabet and spoken natively by approximately 85 % of the population ; however , Russian remains in widespread use . Uzbeks constitute 81 % of the population , followed by Russians ( 5.4 % ) , Tajiks ( 4.0 % ) , Kazakhs ( 3.0 % ) , and others ( 6.5 % ) . A majority of Uzbeks are non-denominational Muslims . Uzbekistan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) , Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ( OSCE ) , UN , and the SCO . While officially a democratic republic , non-governmental human rights organizations define Uzbekistan as `` an authoritarian state with limited civil rights '' . Uzbekistan 's economy relies mainly on commodity production , including cotton , gold , uranium , and natural gas . Despite the declared objective of transition to a market economy , its government continues to maintain economic controls which imports in favour of domestic `` import substitution '' ." } ]
[ { "id": "Commonwealth_of_Independent_States", "score": 0.7918221354484558, "text": "The Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ; -LSB- Содружество Независимых Государств , СНГ , r = Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv , SNG -RSB- ) , also called the Russian Commonwealth ( to distinguish it from the British Commonwealth of Nations ) , is a regional organization formed during the dissolution of the Soviet Union . Nine out of the 15 former Soviet Republics are member states , and two are associate members ( Ukraine and Turkmenistan ) . Georgia withdrew its membership in 2008 , while the Baltic states , which regard their membership in the Soviet Union as an illegal occupation , ( Estonia , Lithuania and Latvia ) chose not to participate . The CIS has few supranational powers but aims to be more than a purely symbolic organization , nominally possessing coordinating powers in the realms of trade , finance , lawmaking , and security . It has also promoted cooperation on cross-border crime prevention . Furthermore , eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the CIS Free Trade Area . Three organizations are under the overview of the CIS , namely the Collective Security Treaty Organization , the Eurasian Economic Union ( alongside subdivisions , the Eurasian Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Space , which comprises territory inhabited by over 180 million people ) , and the Union State . While the first and the second are military and economic alliances , the third aims to reach a confederation of Russia and Belarus with a common government , flag , currency , etc. .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Uzbek_Soviet_Socialist_Republic", "score": 0.7907715439796448, "text": "Uzbekistan ( -LSB- ʊzˈbɛkᵻˌstæn , _ - ˌstɑːn -RSB- , -LSB- ʊzˌbɛkᵻˈstɑːn , _ ʌz - , _ - ˈstæn -RSB- ) is the common English name for the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic ( Uzbek SSR ; Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси , Oʻzbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi ; Узбекская Советская Социалистическая Республика , Uzbekskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika ) and later , the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi , Ўзбекистон Республикаси ) that refers to the period of Uzbekistan from 1924 to 1991 . as one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union . It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Soviet Communist Party , the only legal political party , from 1925 until 1990 . From 1990 to 1991 , it was the sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation . Sometimes , that period can be also referred to as Soviet Uzbekistan . Beginning 20 June 1990 , Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders . Islam Karimov became the republic 's inaugural president . On 31 August 1991 , the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan '' ' and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union 's dissolution on 26 December 1991 . A doubly landlocked Soviet republic in Central Asia . Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north ; Tajikistan to the southeast ; Kirghizia to the northeast ; Afghanistan to the south ; and Turkmenistan to the southwest .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Foreign_relations_of_Uzbekistan", "score": 0.7821236848831177, "text": "Uzbekistan joined the Commonwealth of Independent States in December 1991 . However , it is opposed to reintegration and withdrew from the CIS collective security arrangement in 1999 . Since that time , Uzbekistan has participated in the CIS peacekeeping force in Tajikistan and in United Nations-organized groups to help resolve the Tajik and Afghan conflicts , both of which it sees as posing threats to its own stability . Uzbekistan is an active supporter of U.S. efforts against worldwide terrorism and joined the coalitions which have dealt with both Afghanistan and Iraq ( although , in 2005 , relations with the U.S. were strained after the May 2005 unrest and Uzbekistan demanded that the U.S. leave Karshi-Khanabad ) . It is a member of the United Nations , the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council , Partnership for Peace , and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ( OSCE ) . It belongs to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) and the Economic Cooperation Organization , which comprises 7 Central Asian countries : Pakistan , Uzbekistan , Kazakhstan , Turkmenistan , Afghanistan , Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan . It is a founding member of and remains involved in the Central Asian Union , formed with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan , joined in March 1998 by Tajikistan . In 1999 , Uzbekistan joined the GUAM alliance ( Georgia , Ukraine , Azerbaijan and Moldova ) , which was formed in 1997 ( temporarily making it GUUAM until Uzbekistan withdrew in 2005 ) . Uzbekistan is also a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ( SCO ) and hosts the SCO 's Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure ( RATS ) in Tashkent . Uzbekistan also joined the new Central Asian Cooperation Organization ( CACO ) in 2002 . The CACO consists of Uzbekistan , Tajikistan , Kazakhstan , and Kyrgyzstan . It is a founding member of and remains involved in the Central Asian Union , formed with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan , joined in March 1998 by Tajikistan .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_airports_in_Uzbekistan", "score": 0.7765681147575378, "text": "This is a list of airports in Uzbekistan , sorted by location . Uzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( O`zbekiston Respublikasi , Ўзбекистон Республикаси ) is a country in Central Asia ; before 1991 it was part of the Soviet Union . It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north , Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east , and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south . Uzbekistan is divided into 12 regions , one autonomous republic , and one independent city . The provinces in turn are divided into 160 districts . __ TOC __", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Geography_of_Uzbekistan", "score": 0.7729419469833374, "text": "Uzbekistan is a country of Central Asia , located north of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan . With an area of 447,000 square kilometers ( approximately the size of Spain or California ) , Uzbekistan stretches 1,425 kilometers from west to east and 930 kilometers from north to south . Bordering Turkmenistan to the southwest , Kazakhstan to the north , and Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to the south and east , Uzbekistan is not only one of the larger Central Asian states but also the only Central Asian state to border all of the other four . Uzbekistan also shares a short border with Afghanistan to the south . As the Caspian Sea is an inland sea with no direct link to the oceans , Uzbekistan is one of only two `` doubly landlocked '' countries -- countries completely surrounded by other landlocked countries . The other is Liechtenstein .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "CIS_at_the_Hopman_Cup", "score": 0.7696969509124756, "text": "The Commonwealth of Independent States ( or CIS ) is a regional organisation formed of former Soviet states that competed at the Hopman Cup in 1992 . It reached the quarterfinal stage of the tournament . Since 1992 , four of the independent states which form the CIS have competed in the Hopman Cup individually . These are : Kazakhstan , Russia , Ukraine and Uzbekistan . Prior to 1992 , they all competed as the Soviet Union .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Uzbekistan", "score": 0.7589147686958313, "text": "This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Uzbekistan . Uzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( O`zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси ) , is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia , formerly part of the Soviet Union . It has been an independent republic since December 1991 .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Uzbekistan_at_the_Asian_Games", "score": 0.7429354190826416, "text": "Uzbekistan first competed at the Asian Games in 1994 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Uzbekistan–European_Union_relations", "score": 0.7423635125160217, "text": "Uzbekistan -- European Union relations are the international relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the supranational European Union .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Commonwealth_of_Independent_States_Free_Trade_Area", "score": 0.7413263320922852, "text": "Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area ( CISFTA ) is a free trade area between Russia , Ukraine , Belarus , Uzbekistan , Moldova , Armenia , Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan . Five CISFTA participants , all except Ukraine , Uzbekistan and Moldova are members of the Eurasian Economic Union , comprising a single economic market . The Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Zone Agreement , proposed since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 , was signed on 18 October 2011 by Russia , Ukraine , Belarus , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Moldova and Armenia . The agreement replaced existing bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements between the countries , although the ex-Soviet states of Azerbaijan , Turkmenistan & Georgia have not signed the agreement . Initially , the treaty was only ratified by Ukraine , Russia , Belarus , Moldova , Armenia and Kazakhstan , however in December 2013 Uzbekistan signed and then ratified the treaty . Kyrgyzstan has ratified the treaty with effect from 12 January 2014 , while Tajikistan was reported in 2014 to be close to completing the ratification process .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Outline_of_Uzbekistan", "score": 0.7377886176109314, "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Uzbekistan : The Uzbekistan -- doubly landlocked sovereign country located in Central Asia . Uzbekistan borders Kazakhstan to the west and to the north , Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east , and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Football_in_Uzbekistan", "score": 0.7359490394592285, "text": "Football is the most popular sport in Uzbekistan , a country that gained independence in 1991 . The national association takes part in all competitions organised by FIFA and the Asian Football Confederation .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Uzbekistan_at_the_Olympics", "score": 0.7299346923828125, "text": "Uzbekistan first participated at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994 , and has sent athletes to compete in every Games since then . Previously , Uzbek athletes competed as part of the Soviet Union at the Olympics from 1952 to 1988 , and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union , Uzbekistan was part of the Unified Team in 1992 . Uzbek athletes have won a total of twenty six medals at the Summer Olympic Games , mostly in wrestling and boxing . The nation has also won a single medal at the Winter Olympic Games . The National Olympic Committee for Uzbekistan was created in 1992 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1993 .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Uzbekistan_at_the_Hopman_Cup", "score": 0.7234782576560974, "text": "Uzbekistan is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tournament on one occasion , in 2003 . In 2003 , Uzbekistan won their qualification play-off but went on to place fourth in group A. Before its dissolution , Uzbekistan used to form part of the Soviet Union which also competed at the Hopman Cup on two occasions in the early 1990s . Additionally , Uzbekistan is a member of the CIS which entered a team into the 1992 event . Uzbekistan also participated on one occasion in the now defunct Asian Hopman Cup , a qualifying tournament which ran from 2006 until 2009 and granted the winners entry into the Hopman Cup the following year . The nation competed in 2007 and failed to pass the round robin stage of the tournament , thus denying them entry into the main event in Australia the following year .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Independence_Day_(Uzbekistan)", "score": 0.7233214974403381, "text": "Independence Day ( O'zbekiston Respublikasi Mustaqilligi kuni ) is an official national holiday in Uzbekistan , celebrated on the first of September .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "List_of_protected_areas_of_Uzbekistan", "score": 0.7206310033798218, "text": "A list of protected areas of Uzbekistan .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Central_Asia", "score": 0.7156373262405396, "text": "Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north . It is also colloquially referred to as `` the - stans '' as the five countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix '' - stan '' , meaning `` land of '' . Central Asia 's five former Soviet republics are Kazakhstan ( pop . 17 million ) , Kyrgyzstan ( 5.7 million ) , Tajikistan ( 8.0 million ) , Turkmenistan ( 5.2 million ) , and Uzbekistan ( 30 million ) , giving the region a total population of about 66 million . Central Asia has historically been closely tied to its nomadic peoples and the Silk Road . It has acted as a crossroads for the movement of people , goods , and ideas between Europe , Western Asia , South Asia , and East Asia . The Silk Road connected Muslim lands with the people of Europe , India , and China . This crossroads position has intensified the conflict between tribalism and traditionalism and modernization . In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times , Central Asia was predominantly Iranian , peopled by Eastern Iranian-speaking Bactrians , Sogdians and Chorasmians and the semi-nomadic Scythians and Parthians . After expansion by Turkic peoples , Central Asia also became the homeland for the Kazakhs , Uzbeks , Turkmen , Kyrgyz and Uyghurs and Turkic languages largely replaced the Iranian languages spoken in the area . Central Asia is sometimes referred to as Turkestan . From the mid-19th century until almost the end of the 20th century , most of Central Asia was part of the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union , both Slavic-majority countries , and the five former Soviet '' - stans '' are still home to about 7 million Russians and 500,000 Ukrainians .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Community_for_Democracy_and_Rights_of_Nations", "score": 0.7142728567123413, "text": "The Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations , also commonly known as Commonwealth of Unrecognized States , rarely as CIS-2 ( Содружество непризнанных государств , СНГ-2 ) , is an international organisation uniting several states in the former Soviet Union , all of which have limited recognition from the international community .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Communist_Party_of_Uzbekistan", "score": 0.713934600353241, "text": "The Communist Party of Uzbekistan ( Коммунистическая партия Узбекистана , Oʻzbekiston Kommunistik Partiyasi ) , initially known as Communist Party ( bolshevik ) of Uzbekistan , was the ruling communist party of the Uzbek SSR , and a part of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Uzbekistan", "score": 0.7129698991775513, "text": "The Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Qurolli Kuchlari ) , is the name of the unified armed forces of Uzbekistan , consisting of a Ground force , Air and Air Defense forces , National guard and a Frontier service . They are reported to be the largest , and the strongest in Central Asia . According to the 1992 Law on Defense , Uzbekistan 's military is for defensive purposes only . Tashkent , the capital of Uzbekistan , used to be the headquarters of the Soviet Turkestan Military District and on 20 February 1992 , the new Ministry of Defence Affairs took over the offices which had been formerly occupied by the district headquarters staff . On 2 July 1992 a Presidential Decree established a Ministry of Defence to supersede the Ministry of Defence Affairs . Over the succeeding years , Uzbekistan replaced Russian officers with ethnic Uzbeks and restructured the military to focus on targets like civil unrest , drug trafficking , and Hizb-ut-Tahrir . Uzbekistan and Russia signed a mutual defence pact in 2005 , that will also result in closer military cooperation . This marked a stark contrast to a few years earlier , when the US appeared to be Uzbekistan 's favoured foreign friend , and relations with Russia were cooler . ` The country -LSB- has -RSB- also began professionalizing its military , an effort that has only limited success and erratic government support . But even in Uzbekistan , these changes represent merely a modest beginning and most of the benefits are concentrated in a few elite , higher readiness formations rather than uniformly applied to the entire force . The Uzbek military is woefully inadequate , but it is far superior to its neighbours . ' Uzbekistani military , by far , is alongside Kazakhstan , are both wealthy and quickly developed arms . The government maintains a command and staff college for the military in Tashkent , based on the former Soviet TVOKU higher command college .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
158370
Charles, Prince of Wales is patron of numerous other organizations.
[ { "id": "Charles,_Prince_of_Wales", "score": 0.7387125492095947, "text": "Charles , Prince of Wales ( Charles Philip Arthur George ; born 14 November 1948 ) is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II . Known alternatively in South West England as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay , he is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history , having held the position since 1952 . He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover ( the heir presumptive to Queen Anne ) , who died in 1714 at the age of 83 . Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . He was educated at Cheam and Gordonstoun Schools , which his father , Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , had attended as a child , as well as the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria , Australia . After earning a bachelor of arts degree from Trinity College , Cambridge , Charles served in the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976 . In 1981 , he married Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons : Prince William ( born 1982 ) later to become Duke of Cambridge , and Prince Harry ( born 1984 ) . In 1996 , the couple divorced , following well-publicised extramarital affairs . Diana died in a car crash in Paris the following year . In 2005 , Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles . Charles 's interests encompass a range of humanitarian and social issues : he founded The Prince 's Trust in 1976 , sponsors The Prince 's Charities , and is patron of numerous other charitable and arts organisations . Charles has long championed organic farming for which he established the Duchy Home Farm , run by the Duchy of Cornwall , which produces ingredients for the Duchy Originals brand which he founded in 1990 . Charles has sought to raise world awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment , such as climate change . As an environmentalist , he has received numerous awards and recognition from environmental groups around the world . His support for alternative medicine , including homeopathy , has been criticised by some in the medical community . He has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings . Subsequently , Charles created Poundbury , an experimental new town based on his theories , in Dorset in 1993 . He has authored a number of books , including A Vision of Britain : A Personal View of Architecture in 1989 and the children 's book The Old Man of Lochnagar in 1980 ." } ]
[ { "id": "List_of_titles_and_honours_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales", "score": 0.7017157673835754, "text": "Charles , Prince of Wales has received numerous titles , decorations , and honorary appointments during his time as heir apparent to the thrones of the Commonwealth realms . Each is listed below ; where two dates are shown , the first indicates the date of receiving the title or award ( the title as Prince Charles of Edinburgh being given as from his birth ) and the second indicates the date of its loss or renunciation .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "The_Prince's_Trust", "score": 0.6798884868621826, "text": "The Prince 's Trust is a charity in the United Kingdom founded in 1976 by Charles , Prince of Wales , and Frederick John Pervin to help young people . They run a range of training programmes , provide mentoring support and offer financial grants to build the confidence and motivation of disadvantaged young people . Each year they work with about 60,000 young people , with around 80 % moving on to employment , education , training or volunteering . In 1999 , the numerous Trust charities were brought together as The Prince 's Trust and was acknowledged by The Queen at a ceremony in Buckingham Palace where she granted it a Royal Charter . The following year it devolved in Wales , Scotland , Northern Ireland and other English regions but overall control remained in London . The Prince 's Trust fundraising and campaign events are often hosted and feature entertainers from around the world . In April 2011 the youth charity Fairbridge became part of the Trust . The Prince 's Trust is one of the most successful funding organisations in the UK and the UK 's leading youth charity , having helped over 825,000 young people turn their lives around , created 125,000 entrepreneurs and given business support to 395,000 people in the UK . From 2006 to 2016 , its work for the youth has been worth an estimated # 1.4 billion .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "List_of_Australian_organisations_with_royal_patronage", "score": 0.6787760853767395, "text": "List of Australian organisations with royal patronage", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Berkshire_Community_Foundation", "score": 0.678056538105011, "text": "Berkshire Community Foundation ( BCF ) is an English charity and community foundation which over the past 27 years has made grants totaling over # 8 million to more than 3,000 local projects in Berkshire and raised more than # 8 million which is invested in a long term endowment fund . Berkshire Community Foundation is one of 46 accredited Community Foundations in the UK . These Foundations are all members of the umbrella organisation UK Community Foundations . HRH Princess Beatrice became patron of BCF on 1 July 2014 In 2011 , Berkshire Community Foundation was selected as one of the beneficiaries of the Prince William and Miss Catherine Middleton Charitable Gift Fund", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "British_Asian_Trust", "score": 0.6763094067573547, "text": "The British Asian Trust was founded in 2007 by a group of British Asian business leaders at the suggestion of Prince Charles ; it is one of 20 Prince 's Charities . Founded by HRH The Prince of Wales and led by the community , The British Asian Trust aims to transform lives by investing in charities making the greatest impact on poverty in South Asia and the UK . The Trust works for lasting change by increasing the power of charitable giving in the critical areas of education , health and livelihoods . Since its establishment in 2007 , the Trust has touched the lives of 350,000 disadvantaged people in Bangladesh , India , Pakistan , Sri Lanka and the UK . Currently 12 charities receive support and over # 1 million has been leveraged in matched funding through four major co-funders .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "The_Prince's_Seeing_is_Believing", "score": 0.6762641668319702, "text": "The Prince 's Seeing is Believing is Business in the Community flagship programme for engaging UK business leaders with key social responsibility issues . The programme was set up by HRH The Prince of Wales in 1990 . Over the past 20 years , Seeing is Believing has taken more than 7,000 business leaders into deprived communities , visiting organisations such as homeless hostels , prisons and schools , encouraging a dialogue with people on the ground and showcasing successful examples of business engagement .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Prince's_Regeneration_Trust", "score": 0.6762508749961853, "text": "The Prince 's Regeneration Trust is one of The Prince 's Charities , a group of 19 UK charities of which Charles , Prince of Wales is President . The Prince 's Regeneration Trust works throughout the United Kingdom to ensure that important historic buildings at risk of demolition or decay are preserved , regenerated and re-used . The Trust focuses its heritage-led regeneration in socially and economically deprived areas of the UK . This is because such areas will benefit most and because solutions for historic buildings at risk in such areas are more challenging to achieve . Most of the buildings the Trust is involved with are listed buildings and some are also important local monuments in conservation areas . The Trust works in partnership with building owners , developers , community groups , local authorities and other public bodies to find sensitive and sustainable new uses for historic buildings at risk . Prince Charles founded The Prince 's Regeneration Trust in 2006 following the merger of two of his older charities , Regeneration Through Heritage and the Phoenix Trust .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Prince_Harry", "score": 0.6760282516479492, "text": "Prince Henry of Wales , ( Henry Charles Albert David ; born 15 September 1984 ) , familiarly known as Prince Harry , is the younger son of Charles , Prince of Wales , and Diana , Princess of Wales . At the time of his birth , he was third in the line of succession to succeed his grandmother , Queen Elizabeth II , but is currently fifth in line after his father , his elder brother Prince William , Duke of Cambridge , and William 's children , George and Charlotte . After an education at schools in the United Kingdom and spending parts of his gap year in Australia and Lesotho , Harry chose a military career , undergoing officer training at RMA Sandhurst . He was commissioned as a cornet into the Blues and Royals , serving temporarily with his brother , and completed his training as a troop leader . In 2007 -- 2008 , he served for 77 days in Helmand , Afghanistan , but was pulled out following publication of his presence there by an Australian magazine . He returned to Afghanistan for a 20-week deployment in 2012 -- 2013 with the Army Air Corps . He left the army in June 2015 . Harry launched the Invictus Games in 2014 , and remains patron of its Foundation . He also gives patronage to several other organisations , including the HALO Trust , the London Marathon Charitable Trust , and Walking With The Wounded .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Cultural_depictions_of_Charles_I_of_England", "score": 0.6732243895530701, "text": "Charles I of England has been depicted in popular culture a number of times .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "The_Prince's_Foundation_for_Integrated_Health", "score": 0.669251024723053, "text": "The Foundation for Integrated Health ( FIH ) was a controversial charity run by Charles , Prince of Wales and founded in 1993 . The Foundation promoted alternative and complementary medicine , preferring to use the term `` integrated health '' , and lobbied for its inclusion in the National Health Service . The charity closed in 2010 after allegations of fraud and money laundering led to the arrest of a former official .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "The_Royal_Foundation_of_The_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cambridge_and_Prince_Harry", "score": 0.6685000061988831, "text": "The Royal Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry was set up in September 2009 to enable Prince William and Prince Harry to take forward their charitable ambitions . Catherine , Duchess of Cambridge , later joined as a patron of the foundation , after which , in July 2012 , the foundation was renamed from The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to its current name .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Cultural_depictions_of_Charles_II_of_England", "score": 0.6667906045913696, "text": "Charles II of England has been portrayed many times in popular culture .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Pakistan_Recovery_Fund", "score": 0.6657972931861877, "text": "The Pakistan Recovery Fund is a disaster relief fund started by Charles , Prince of Wales to aid Pakistan after the 2010 monsoon season .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "In_Kind_Direct", "score": 0.6656789183616638, "text": "In Kind Direct is a charity in the United Kingdom founded in 1996 by HRH Prince Charles . The charity distributes surplus goods from manufacturers and retailers to UK charities working both domestically and abroad . In Kind Direct is one of The Prince 's Charities , which is the largest multi-cause charitable enterprise in the United Kingdom . Since foundation in 1996 , the charity has distributed almost # 170 million in value of goods from over 1,000 companies . 8,300 voluntary and community organisations have received products via In Kind Direct , helping millions of people in need .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_patronage", "score": 0.6646737456321716, "text": "This is a list of Canadian organizations with royal patronage . The practice of members of the Canadian Royal Family giving their patronage to Canadian organizations stems from that which started in the United Kingdom in pre-industrial times , when all development of the sciences and arts were under the direct control of the monarch and exercised by the foundation of colleges that today form the basis of modern universities . Today , royal patronage is a ceremonial function wherein the royal person will either volunteer their time for service or make charitable donations , in order to help bring recognition to the group 's achievements and to the contributions of different sectors of public life . Any organization may apply for royal patronage , via the Office of the Governor General ; however , to receive the honour , an organization must prove to be long lasting and have aims and objectives that will earn the approval of the person from whom patronage is requested . Also , patronage is typically granted to athletic , artistic , cultural , or charitable organizations ; rarely to corporate or for-profit companies . Some charities and volunteer organizations have been founded as gifts to , or in honour of , some of Canada 's monarchs or members of the Royal Family , such as the Victorian Order of Nurses ( a gift to Queen Victoria for her Diamond Jubilee in 1897 ) , the Canadian Cancer Fund ( set up in honour of King George V 's Silver Jubilee in 1935 ) , and the Queen Elizabeth II Fund to Aid in Research on the Diseases of Children .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Business_in_the_Community", "score": 0.6618086099624634, "text": "Business in the Community ( BITC ) is a British business-community outreach charity promoting responsible business , CSR , corporate responsibility , and is one of the Prince 's Charities of Charles , Prince of Wales . BITC works with companies in the UK and internationally , who are committed to improving their impact on society . BITC seeks to positively shape business impact on the environment , in the marketplace , in the workplace and in the community . It is an organisation that works with businesses to improve their corporate social responsibility ( CSR ) credentials , offering advice and programmes tailored to meet their needs . BITC was set up in 1982 and its current CEO is Amanda Mackenzie OBE , who joined the organisation in 2016 . Prior to this , Dame Julia Cleverdon was CEO from 1992 to 2008 and is now vice president , and Stephen Howard was CEO from 2008 to 2016 . Each of BITC 's campaigns is managed by a leadership team , made up and chaired by senior business leaders . Leaders include Steven Holliday , chief executive of National Grid plc ; Mark Allen , chief executive of Dairy Crest Group ; Paul Drechsler , chairman and chief executive of Wates Group ; Richard Howson , chief executive of Carillion , and Ian Cheshire , CEO of Kingfisher plc. . Business in the Community is one of The Prince 's Charities , a group of not-for-profit organisations of which The Prince of Wales is president . Seventeen of the nineteen charities were founded personally by The Prince .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Prince_of_Wales", "score": 0.6597409248352051, "text": "Prince of Wales ( Tywysog Cymru ) was a title granted to princes born in Wales from the 12th century onwards ; the term replaced the use of the word king . One of the last Welsh princes , Llywelyn ap Gruffudd , was killed in battle in 1282 by Edward I , King of England , whose son Edward , born in Caernarfon Castle , was invested as Prince of Wales : the first English person to claim the title . Since the 13th century , the title is granted to the heir apparent to the English or British monarch , but the failure to be granted the title does not affect the rights to royal succession . The title is granted to the royal heir apparent as a personal honour or dignity , and the title is not heritable , merging with the Crown on accession to the throne . The title Earl of Chester is always given in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales . The Prince of Wales usually has other titles and honours . The current Prince of Wales is Prince Charles , the eldest son of Elizabeth II , who is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other independent Commonwealth realms as well as Head of the 53-member Commonwealth of Nations . The wife of the Prince of Wales is entitled to the title Princess of Wales . Prince Charles 's first wife , Diana , used that title but his second wife , Camilla , uses only the title Duchess of Cornwall because the other title has become so popularly associated with Diana .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Royal_Parks_Foundation", "score": 0.6586176753044128, "text": "The Royal Parks Foundation is a registered charity established in 2003 ( registered charity number 1097545 ) . It is the charity that helps support London 's eight London 's Royal Parks for everyone to enjoy , now and in the future . The charity 's patron is HRH The Prince of Wales .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "List_of_royal_tours_of_Canada_(18th–20th_centuries)", "score": 0.6533272862434387, "text": "There was an extended royal presence in Canada through the 18th , 19th , and 20th centuries , either as an official tour , a vacation , a period of military service , or a viceregal posting by a member of the Royal Family . Originally , official tours were events predominantly for Canadians to see and possibly meet members of their Royal Family , with the associated patriotic pomp and spectacle . However , nearing the end of the 20th century , such occasions took on the added dimension of a theme , and junior members of the Royal Family began to undertake unofficial `` working '' tours of Canada as well ; in this method , royal figures are invited by provinces , municipalities , and other organizations to events which the latter fund without assistance from the federal government . The Prince of Wales , The Princess Royal , The Duke of York and The Prince Edward , have all made several small tours in this fashion . These arrangements then continued on into the 21st century .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Prince_of_Scotland", "score": 0.6521724462509155, "text": "Prince and Great Steward of Scotland are two of the titles of the heir apparent to the throne of the United Kingdom . The current holder of these titles is The Prince Charles , who bears the other Scottish titles of Duke of Rothesay , Earl of Carrick , Lord of the Isles and Baron of Renfrew , and is known outside Scotland as the Prince of Wales . Princess of Scotland is the wife of the heir apparent to the throne . The current holder is the second wife of The Prince Charles , The Duchess of Rothesay ( known outside Scotland as the Duchess of Cornwall ) .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
30865
Chester Bennington is not a singer.
[ { "id": "Chester_Bennington", "score": 0.7727742791175842, "text": "Chester Charles Bennington ( born March 20 , 1976 ) is an American musician , singer , songwriter and actor . He is best known as the lead vocalist of rock bands Linkin Park , Dead by Sunrise , and live rock cover band Bucket of Weenies . He was originally the lead vocalist for Sean Dowdell And His Friends ? and Grey Daze . Bennington was the lead vocalist for Stone Temple Pilots from 2013 to 2015 . Bennington became known as a vocalist with Linkin Park 's debut album , Hybrid Theory , in 2000 , which was a massive commercial success . The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 , making it the best-selling debut album of the decade , as well as one of the few albums to ever hit that many sales . Linkin Park 's following studio albums , Meteora ( 2003 ) , Minutes to Midnight ( 2007 ) , A Thousand Suns ( 2010 ) , Living Things ( 2012 ) , and The Hunting Party ( 2014 ) , continued the band 's success . Bennington formed his own band , Dead by Sunrise , as a side project in 2005 . The band 's debut album , Out of Ashes , was released on October 13 , 2009 . He worked on new material with Stone Temple Pilots in 2013 to release the EP High Rise on October 8 , 2013 via their own record label , Play Pen . Bennington has been ranked in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader ( No. 46 ) ." } ]
[ { "id": "Stone_Temple_Pilots", "score": 0.6354311108589172, "text": "Stone Temple Pilots ( sometimes abbreviated as STP ) are an American rock band from San Diego , California , that originally consisted of Scott Weiland ( lead vocals ) , brothers Dean ( guitar ) and Robert DeLeo ( bass , backing vocals ) , and Eric Kretz ( drums ) . Since the band 's formation in 1989 , its line-up remained unchanged until the firing of Weiland in 2013 , who was replaced by Linkin Park vocalist Chester Bennington . In 2015 , Bennington left the band to focus solely on Linkin Park . On December 3 , 2015 , Weiland was found dead on his tour bus prior to a performance with his band The Wildabouts . In 2016 , the band launched an online audition for a new lead vocalist . After forming in 1989 under the name Mighty Joe Young , the band signed with Atlantic Records and changed its name to Stone Temple Pilots . The band found immediate success in 1993 upon releasing their debut album , Core ( 1992 ) , and went on to become one of the most commercially successful bands of the 1990s . The band released four more studio albums : Purple ( 1994 ) , Tiny Music ... Songs from the Vatican Gift Shop ( 1996 ) , No. 4 ( 1999 ) and Shangri-La Dee Da ( 2001 ) , before separating in 2002 , after which the band members partook in various projects ( most notably Velvet Revolver and Army of Anyone ) . The band eventually reconvened in 2008 for a reunion tour , released a new self-titled album in 2010 , and actively toured until Chester Bennington 's departure . The band 's only material with Bennington was the EP High Rise in 2013 . While initially displaying a sound typically identified as grunge early on in its career , further releases from the band expressed a variety of influences , including psychedelic rock , bossa nova and classic rock . The band 's evolution throughout the 1990s and early 2000s involved several tumultuous periods of commercial highs and lows , brought about in part by Weiland 's well-publicized struggles with drug addiction .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "High_Rise_(EP)", "score": 0.6176221966743469, "text": "High Rise is the first studio EP by American rock band Stone Temple Pilots , released on October 8 , 2013 through Play Pen , LLC . It is the first release by the band without former lead vocalist Scott Weiland , who was fired from the band in February 2013 . It instead features guest musician Chester Bennington of Linkin Park on lead vocals , and the band is credited on the EP as Stone Temple Pilots with Chester Bennington . However , this would prove to be the sole release to feature Bennington before his departure from the band in 2015 .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Blackout_(Linkin_Park_song)", "score": 0.6124157309532166, "text": "`` Blackout '' is a promotional single by American rock band Linkin Park . It is the ninth track from their 2010 album , A Thousand Suns . The song was written by the band and produced by co-lead vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin . Despite the lack of metal elements , the song does contain significant amounts of screaming ( the choruses comprise solely of it ) , making for one of the more coarse-sounding songs on A Thousand Suns . It also features Chester Bennington singing on most of the song with Mike Shinoda singing near the end along with Chester .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Ron_Bennington", "score": 0.6099292635917664, "text": "Ron Bennington ( December 31 , 1959 ) is an American radio personality and comedian , who currently is the co-host of Bennington and host of Unmasked . Additionally , he has been a co-host of a number of radio shows , including The Ron and Ron Show and The Ron and Fez Show .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Dead_by_Sunrise", "score": 0.6099029183387756, "text": "Dead by Sunrise ( formerly known as Snow White Tan ) is an American rock band formed in 2005 . The band consists of Linkin Park lead singer Chester Bennington , Amir Derakh , Ryan Shuck , Brandon Belsky , Elias Andra , and Anthony `` Fu '' Valcic from Julien-K and Orgy . Dead by Sunrise 's debut studio album , Out of Ashes , was released worldwide on October 13 , 2009 . In 2012 during their hiatus since 2011 , Andra was replaced by Frank Zummo of the Street Drum Corps as their new drummer , when he announced his departure from the band in December 2011 during the Love and Death concert played by The Whosoevers .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Josh_Homme", "score": 0.6005640625953674, "text": "Joshua Michael Homme ( -LSB- ˈhɒm.i -RSB- ; born May 17 , 1973 ) is an American singer , songwriter , musician , record producer , and actor . He is the founder and only continuous member of the rock band Queens of the Stone Age , in which he sings and plays guitar , as well as occasionally playing piano , drums , and bass . He also serves as the band 's primary songwriter . Homme was formerly a guitarist and founder of the stoner rock band Kyuss . He co-founded and occasionally performs with Eagles of Death Metal , playing drums and bass for their studio recordings , and produces a musical improv series with other musicians , mostly from the Palm Desert Scene , known as The Desert Sessions . In 2009 , he formed a new project called Them Crooked Vultures with Dave Grohl and John Paul Jones , who released their debut album that same year . In 2016 , he released Post Pop Depression , an album with Iggy Pop . He has been involved with numerous other projects , including Arctic Monkeys and Biffy Clyro .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Bennington_(radio_show)", "score": 0.5988200902938843, "text": "Bennington is an American talk radio show hosted by Ron Bennington and his daughter Gail Bennington on Sirius XM .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Ben_Folds", "score": 0.5884588956832886, "text": "Benjamin Scott `` Ben '' Folds ( born September 12 , 1966 ) is an American singer-songwriter and record producer . From 1995 to 2000 , Folds was the frontman and pianist of the alternative rock band Ben Folds Five . After the group temporarily disbanded , Folds performed as a solo artist and has toured all over the world . The group reunited in 2011 . He has also collaborated with musicians such as William Shatner , Regina Spektor and `` Weird Al '' Yankovic and undertaken experimental songwriting projects with authors such as Nick Hornby and Neil Gaiman . In addition to contributing music to the soundtracks of the animated films Over the Hedge , and Hoodwinked ! , Folds produced Amanda Palmer 's first solo album and was a judge on the NBC a cappella singing contest The Sing-Off from 2009 to 2013 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Bennington_(surname)", "score": 0.5875551700592041, "text": "Bennington is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Billy Bennington ( 1900 -- 1986 ) , English musician Chester Bennington , lead singer of rock bands Linkin Park and Dead by Sunrise Elisabeth Bennington ( born 1976 ) , American politician Geoffrey Bennington , Professor of French and Professor of Comparative Literature at Emory University Jimmy Bennington ( born 1970 ) , American musician Ron Bennington , co-host of the Ron and Fez radio show Seddon Bennington ( 1947 -- 2009 ) , New Zealand museum executive", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Out_of_Ashes", "score": 0.5864924192428589, "text": "Out of Ashes is the debut studio album by American rock band Dead by Sunrise , which consists of Linkin Park lead vocalist Chester Bennington and Amir Derakh , Ryan Shuck , Anthony ` Fu ' Valcic , Brandon Belsky , and Elias Andra of Julien-K . It was released on October 13 , 2009 through Warner Bros. . Records , to mixed to positive reception . The album was produced by Howard Benson . The album charted in a respectably high position in the Billboard 200 , peaking at # 29 . The album spawned five singles , `` Crawl Back In '' , `` Let Down '' , `` Inside of Me '' , `` Too Late '' and `` Fire '' ( which was released in Japan only ) . The album achieved moderate success in the US charts . The album 's lyrical contains many personal experiences by Bennington in the previous years before the album 's production . It was described as `` really dark '' and `` much more of a rock album '' than the works of Linkin Park . This is the only studio album to feature their original drummer Elias Andra before his departure in December 2011 .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Dave_Grohl", "score": 0.5859033465385437, "text": "David Eric Grohl ( born January 14 , 1969 ) is an American rock musician , multi-instrumentalist , singer , songwriter , director and producer . He is best known as the founder and frontman of the rock band Foo Fighters , of which he is the lead singer , one of three guitarists , and primary songwriter . He is also well known as the former drummer for the grunge band Nirvana . Grohl is the drummer and co-founder of the rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures . He additionally wrote all the music and performed all the instruments for his short-lived side projects Late ! and Probot . He has been involved with the rock band Queens of the Stone Age many times throughout the past decade . He has performed as a session drummer for a variety of musicians , including Paul McCartney , Garbage , Killing Joke , Kristeen Young , Nine Inch Nails , David Bowie , The Prodigy , Slash , Iggy Pop , Juliette and the Licks , Tenacious D , RDGLDGRN , Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers , Lemmy , Stevie Nicks , Zac Brown Band and Ghost .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Linkin_Park_discography", "score": 0.5853894352912903, "text": "American rock band Linkin Park has released seven studio albums , five live albums , two compilation albums , two remix albums , three soundtrack albums , twelve video albums , ten extended plays , thirty-four singles , nineteen promotional singles , and sixty-six music videos . Linkin Park was formed in Agoura Hills , California in 1996 by Mike Shinoda ( vocals and guitars ) , Brad Delson ( guitar ) , and Rob Bourdon ( drums ) . Joe Hahn ( turntables ) and Dave Farrell ( bass ) were later recruited , and in 1999 , Chester Bennington ( lead vocals ) became a member . Linkin Park rose to international fame in 2000 with their debut album Hybrid Theory , which peaked at number two on the US Billboard 200 . It was the seventh best-selling album of the 2000s , and certified Diamond in US and quadruple platinum in Europe . The fourth single from the album , `` In the End '' , peaked at the second spot on the Billboard Hot 100 ( the highest of Linkin Park 's career ) , and stayed on the chart for 38 weeks . With first-week sales of 810,000 , Linkin Park 's second album Meteora ( 2003 ) entered the Billboard 200 at number one , becoming the third-best-selling album of the year . In 2007 , their third studio album , Minutes to Midnight , also debuted at number-one on the Billboard 200 , selling 623,000 copies in its first week . A Thousand Suns ( 2010 ) became Linkin Park 's third studio album to debut at the top of the Billboard 200 , but its first-week sales were less than half of its predecessor -- 240,000 copies . Living Things followed in 2012 , selling 223,000 copies in its first week and becoming the band 's fourth studio album to debut at number-one . Linkin Park has sold over 70 million albums and 30 million singles worldwide , and 27,800,000 albums and 23,100,000 singles in the US as of June 2014 . The band has produced eleven number-one singles on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart , and is the second-ever act to have at least ten weeks with three or more tracks on that chart . Two of these singles , `` Crawling '' and `` Numb/Encore '' , earned the band two Grammy Awards . Linkin Park Underground , the band 's official fan club , annually releases EPs with rare tracks , demos , live recordings and remixes .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Dickless", "score": 0.5809033513069153, "text": "Dickless was a Seattle-based grunge rock band signed to Sub Pop records in 1990 . Dickless is notable for their unique growling shrieking vocal style . Kelly Canary , the original vocalist , had a distinct growling scream that lead the quartet through short ( approximately 20 minutes ) and loud live performances . During their first few years , their loud and abrasive sound was new and unusual for an all-female music group . Simultaneously , their short discography included song titles and a song cover , `` I 'm a Man '' by Bo Diddley , that were blatantly ironic given their abrasive sound and female members . The band name itself is meant to be satire . The group 's period of activity coincided with the emerging `` Riot grrrl '' music culture .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Unmasked_(radio_show)", "score": 0.5804129242897034, "text": "Unmasked is an American radio show hosted by Ron Bennington that features uncensored one on one interviews with comedy legends and established and emerging comedic talents .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Fire_(Dead_by_Sunrise_song)", "score": 0.5801559686660767, "text": "`` Fire '' is a song by American rock band Dead by Sunrise , which consists of Linkin Park lead singer Chester Bennington , as well as the band members of Julien-K . It is the third single of their debut album , Out of Ashes . It was released to the iTunes Store on December 4 , 2009 in Australia and June 30 , 2010 in Japan .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Let_Down_(Dead_by_Sunrise_song)", "score": 0.5786617398262024, "text": "`` Let Down '' is a song by American rock band Dead by Sunrise , which consists of Linkin Park lead singer Chester Bennington , as well as the band members of Julien-K . It is the second single and the fifth track from their debut studio album , Out of Ashes . It was released through iTunes on November 24 , 2009 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Invisible_(Linkin_Park_song)", "score": 0.5782918334007263, "text": "`` Invisible '' is a song by American rock band Linkin Park . It was released from their seventh studio album One More Light . The song was written by Mike Shinoda and Justin Parker . The song is sung by Mike Shinoda with Chester Bennington on backing vocals . The song premiered on May 10 , 2017 at Zane Lowe 's World Record show on Beats 1 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Cinnamon_(song)", "score": 0.5736790299415588, "text": "`` Cinnamon '' is a song by American rock band Stone Temple Pilots . `` Cinnamon '' is the sixth track off the band 's sixth studio album , Stone Temple Pilots , released in 2010 . The song was the album 's third single , after `` Take a Load Off '' . Two music videos were filmed for `` Cinnamon , '' however neither one was officially released but can be viewed on YouTube . This was also the band 's final single with Scott Weiland before he was fired and subsequently replaced with Linkin Park lead vocalist Chester Bennington .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Queens_of_the_Stone_Age", "score": 0.5734237432479858, "text": "Queens of the Stone Age is an American rock band formed in 1996 in Palm Desert , California . The band 's line-up includes founder Josh Homme ( lead vocals , guitar , piano ) , alongside longtime members Troy Van Leeuwen ( guitar , lap steel , keyboard , percussion , backing vocals ) , Michael Shuman ( bass guitar , keyboard , backing vocals ) , Dean Fertita ( keyboards , guitar , percussion , backing vocals ) , and recent addition Jon Theodore ( drums , percussion ) . Formed after the dissolution of Homme 's previous band , Kyuss , Queens of the Stone Age developed a style of riff-oriented , heavy rock music . Their sound has since evolved to incorporate a variety of different styles and influences , including working with ZZ Top member Billy Gibbons and steady contributor Mark Lanegan .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "We_Think_as_Instruments", "score": 0.5715827345848083, "text": "We Think as Instruments '' ' , the third full-length recording from I 'm Not a Gun shows the band moving away from their electronica roots towards unadulterated and instrumental rock music .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
46639
Vincent Cassel played Jacques Mesrine in at least two films.
[ { "id": "Vincent_Cassel", "score": 0.7661015391349792, "text": "Vincent Cassel ( -LSB- vɛ̃sɑ̃ kasɛl -RSB- ; born Vincent Crochon , 23 November 1966 ) is a French actor best known to English-speaking audiences through his film performances in Ocean 's Twelve and Ocean 's Thirteen , as well as Black Swan . Cassel is also renowned for playing the infamous French bank-robber Jacques Mesrine in Mesrine : Killer Instinct and Mesrine : Public Enemy Number One ." } ]
[ { "id": "Jean-Pierre_Cassel", "score": 0.6970391273498535, "text": "Jean-Pierre Cassel ( 27 October 1932 -- 19 April 2007 ) was a French actor .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Mesrine_(1984_film)", "score": 0.6470631957054138, "text": "Mesrine is a 1984 French film written and directed by André Génovès . A biographical film based on the life of Jacques Mesrine , it focuses on the eighteen months following his escape from La Santé Prison in May 1978 until his death in November 1979 . Nicolas Silberg stars as the eponymous lead character .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Jacques_Mesrine", "score": 0.6316288113594055, "text": "Jacques Mesrine ( -LSB- mesʁin -RSB- ; 28 December 1936 -- 2 November 1979 ) was a French criminal responsible for numerous murders , bank robberies , burglaries , and kidnappings in France and Canada . Mesrine repeatedly escaped from prison and made international headlines during a final period as a fugitive when his exploits included trying to kidnap the judge who had previously sentenced him . An aptitude for disguise earned him the moniker `` The Man of a Thousand Faces '' and enabled him to remain at large while receiving massive publicity as a wanted man . Mesrine was widely seen as an anti-establishment ` Robin Hood ' figure . In keeping with his charismatic image , he was rarely without a glamorous female companion . A two-part film which came out in 2008 was based on Mesrine 's life .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Our_Day_Will_Come_(film)", "score": 0.6243869662284851, "text": "Our Day Will Come ( Notre jour viendra ) is a French 2010 drama film co-written and directed by Romain Gavras . It stars Vincent Cassel , who is also one of the producers .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Mesrine_(2008_film)", "score": 0.6223939657211304, "text": "Mesrine is a two-part ( Mesrine : Killer Instinct and Mesrine : Public Enemy Number One ) 2008 French film directed by Jean-François Richet and written by Abdel Raouf Dafri and Richet . The first part 's script was based on the autobiographical book L'instinct de mort by French gangster Jacques Mesrine , while the second part detailed Mesrine 's criminal career after his escape from prison , and his subsequent brutal end . The film has been referred to as the French version of the American film Scarface which starred Al Pacino . The Blood wrote a song about Mesrine which preceded both the 1984 , and 2008 movies . The song featured on the 1983 album False Gestures For A Devious Public .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "The_Crimson_Rivers", "score": 0.6150354743003845, "text": "The Crimson Rivers ( Les Rivières Pourpres ) is a 2000 French psychological horror film starring Jean Reno and Vincent Cassel . The film , which was directed by Mathieu Kassovitz , is based on the best-selling novel Les Rivières Pourpres . Its screenplay was co-written by the book 's author , Jean-Christophe Grangé . The film is about two detectives who investigate a series of grisly murders in and around an isolated university campus in the French Alps . With a $ 14 million budget , the movie went on to gross $ 60 million from a worldwide theatrical release . Despite its box office success , one of its stars , Vincent Cassel admitted , `` I ca n't help explain the film because I did n't understand it ! We cut out everything in the film that was explanatory , therefore ` boring ' -LSB- according to the director -RSB- . You end up with a film that 's not boring but you do n't understand it -LSB- at -RSB- all . '' A sequel , Crimson Rivers II : Angels of the Apocalypse ( Les Rivières Pourpres II : Les Anges de l'Apocalypse ) , was released in 2004 .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Read_My_Lips_(film)", "score": 0.6130660176277161, "text": "Read My Lips ( Sur mes lèvres ) is a 2001 French film by Jacques Audiard , co-written with Tonino Benacquista . The film stars Vincent Cassel as Paul , an ex-con on parole , and Emmanuelle Devos as Carla , a nearly deaf secretary whose colleagues treat her disrespectfully , causing her to suffer . Despite their different backgrounds and initial fear of each other , they end up intimately related and helping each other .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Denis_Braccini", "score": 0.6102462410926819, "text": "Denis Braccini is a French actor .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Marc_Michel", "score": 0.5998978614807129, "text": "Marc Michel ( 4 December 1932 -- 3 November 2016 ) was a Swiss actor . He appeared in more than fifty films . He is best known for his roles in three seminal French films of the 1960s : Jacques Becker 's Le Trou ( 1960 ) , and two films by Jacques Demy : Lola ( 1961 ) and The Umbrellas of Cherbourg ( 1964 ) . In both Demy films , he played the same role , Roland Cassard , a lovesick writer and jeweler .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Pierre_Cassignard", "score": 0.5974562764167786, "text": "Pierre Cassignard ( born 19 December 1965 ) is a French actor .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Lascars_(film)", "score": 0.5965086221694946, "text": "Lascars is a 2009 French animated film with voice stars Vincent Cassel and Diane Kruger . The film is a feature film adaptation of the French TV series Les Lascars . The film , which had a budget of $ 10 million , was co-produced by Canal Plus and France 2 and distributed by Bac Films . Cassel plays Tony , a petty crook whose friend Jose falls for Clemence ( Kruger ) , a rich woman , and wants to quit the life of crime . The film has the alternative English title Round Da Way .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "The_Monk_(2011_film)", "score": 0.5951567888259888, "text": "The Monk ( Le Moine ) is a 2011 French-Spanish thriller-drama film directed by Dominik Moll . It is an adaptation of Matthew Lewis 's gothic novel of the same name . It chronicles the story of a Capucin Ambrosio ( Vincent Cassel ) , a well-respected monk in Spain , concluding in his downfall . It was released in France on 13 July 2011 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Seymour_Cassel", "score": 0.5944110751152039, "text": "Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Samir_Boitard", "score": 0.5915991067886353, "text": "Samir Boitard is a French actor .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Armand_Mestral", "score": 0.586469829082489, "text": "Armand Mestral ( born Armand Serge Zelikson ; 25 November 1917 - 17 September 2000 ) was a French actor and singer . He appeared in more than seventy films from 1945 to 1992 .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Jacques_Berthier_(actor)", "score": 0.5850908756256104, "text": "Jacques Berthier ( 1916 -- 2008 ) was a French actor . He also produced and directed two films .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Nicolas_Marié", "score": 0.5814836025238037, "text": "Nicolas Marié is a French actor and writer .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "The_Elusive_Corporal", "score": 0.5811409950256348, "text": "The Elusive Corporal ( Le Caporal épinglé ) is a 1962 French comedy film directed by Jean Renoir and starring Jean-Pierre Cassel . It was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival . Renoir shot his film in Austria in 1961 from Jacques Perret 's book based on his own prisoner of war experiences . Renoir 's friend and assistant director Guy Lefranc had also been a World War II prisoner of war and had developed the project for seven years . The story serves as a companion piece to the director 's 1937 film , Grand Illusion , once more bringing together men from across the broad social spectrum of French society to depict one man 's Sisyphean efforts to escape captivity in a German POW camp .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "André_Maranne", "score": 0.5805070996284485, "text": "André Maranne ( born 1926 ) is a French former actor , best known for playing Frenchmen in English language roles in the UK from the mid-1950s .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Vincent_Tee", "score": 0.5798271298408508, "text": "Vincent Tee is a character actor .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
120501
Pope John Paul II co-stars many actors besides Christopher Lee.
[ { "id": "Pope_John_Paul_II_(miniseries)", "score": 0.6904528737068176, "text": "Pope John Paul II is a 2005 television miniseries dramatizing the life of Pope John Paul II ( Karol Józef Wojtyła ) from his early adult years in Poland to his death at age 84 . The miniseries was written and directed by John Kent Harrison and aired in the United States on the CBS network on 4 and 7 December 2005 . It was first released in Vatican City on 17 November 2005 and ten days later throughout Italy on Rai 1 Jon Voight portrays an older Karol Wojtyła ( after his investiture as pope in 1978 ) , while Cary Elwes portrays Wojtyła in his earlier life from 1939 to 1978 . Voight was nominated for an Emmy Award for his performance . Pope John Paul II co-stars James Cromwell as Archbishop Adam Stefan Cardinal Sapieha , Ben Gazzara as Agostino Cardinal Casaroli , and Christopher Lee as Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński . Polish actor Mikolaj Grabowski is seen twice playing Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger of Germany , who would succeed John Paul II as Pope Benedict XVI ." } ]
[ { "id": "Pope_John_Paul_II", "score": 0.6434455513954163, "text": "Pope Saint John Paul II ( Ioannes Paulus II Giovanni Paolo II Jan Paweł II born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; -LSB- ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛv vɔjˈtɨwa -RSB- ; 18 May 1920 -- 2 April 2005 ) , was Pope from 1978 to 2005 . He is called by some Catholics Saint John Paul the Great . He was elected by the second Papal conclave of 1978 , which was called after Pope John Paul I , who had been elected in August after the death of Pope Paul VI , died after thirty-three days . Cardinal Wojtyła was elected on the third day of the conclave and adopted his predecessor 's name in tribute to him . John Paul II is recognised as helping to end Communist rule in his native Poland and eventually all of Europe . John Paul II significantly improved the Catholic Church 's relations with Judaism , Islam , the Eastern Orthodox Church , and the Anglican Communion . He upheld the Church 's teachings on such matters as artificial contraception and the ordination of women , but also supported the Church 's Second Vatican Council and its reforms . He was one of the most travelled world leaders in history , visiting 129 countries during his pontificate . As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness , he beatified 1,340 people and canonised 483 saints , more than the combined tally of his predecessors during the preceding five centuries . By the time of his death , he had named most of the College of Cardinals , consecrated or co-consecrated a large number of the world 's bishops , and ordained many priests . A key goal of his papacy was to transform and reposition the Catholic Church . His wish was `` to place his Church at the heart of a new religious alliance that would bring together Jews , Muslims and Christians in a great religious armada '' . He was the second longest-serving pope in modern history after Pope Pius IX , who served for nearly 32 years from 1846 to 1878 . Born in Poland , John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since the Dutch Pope Adrian VI , who served from 1522 to 1523 . John Paul II 's cause for canonisation commenced in 2005 one month after his death with the traditional five-year waiting period waived . On 19 December 2009 , John Paul II was proclaimed Venerable by his successor Pope Benedict XVI and was beatified on 1 May 2011 ( Divine Mercy Sunday ) after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints attributed one miracle to his intercession , the healing of a French nun from Parkinson 's disease . A second miracle attributed to John Paul II 's intercession was approved on 2 July 2013 , and confirmed by Pope Francis two days later ( two miracles must be attributed to a person 's intercession to be declared a saint ) . John Paul II was canonised on 27 April 2014 ( again Divine Mercy Sunday ) , together with Pope John XXIII . On 11 September 2014 , Pope Francis added John Paul II 's optional memorial feast day to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints , in response to worldwide requests . It is traditional to celebrate saints ' feast days on the anniversary of their deaths , but that of John Paul II ( 22 October ) is celebrated on the anniversary of his papal inauguration .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Pope_John_Paul_II_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.6399722099304199, "text": "As one of the best known and well-travelled persons of the 20th century , there are many cultural references to Pope John Paul II ( 18 May 1920 -- 2 April 2005 ) , who reigned as the 264th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City from 16 October 1978 , until his death , almost 27 years later , making his the second-longest pontificate after Pius IX 's 31-year reign . In addition to his own extensive writings , many films , television programs , books , and journal articles have been written about John Paul II .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Pope_John_Paul_II_(film)", "score": 0.6382637023925781, "text": "Pope John Paul II is a 1984 American biopic drama television film based on the life of Karol Wojtyła , from his early days as an activist in Poland to his installation as Pope John Paul II . Written by Christopher Knopf and directed by Herbert Wise , the film stars Albert Finney , Caroline Bliss , Brian Cox , and John Forgeham . The film marks both Albert Finney 's American television debut and the first script Finney had ever turned down upon initial reading .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_actors_who_have_played_Jesus", "score": 0.638138473033905, "text": "This is a list of actors who have played Jesus .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Have_No_Fear:_The_Life_of_Pope_John_Paul_II", "score": 0.6229774951934814, "text": "The biopic Have No Fear : The Life of Pope John Paul II ( ABC , December 1 , 2005 ) explains in biographical form the life story of the late head of the Roman Catholic church , Pope John Paul II .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Canonization_of_Pope_John_XXIII_and_Pope_John_Paul_II", "score": 0.616247832775116, "text": "Pope John XXIII ( 25 November 1881 -- 3 June 1963 ) and Pope John Paul II ( 18 May 1920 -- 2 April 2005 ) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City ( respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005 ) . Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014 . The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II , while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council . The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013 . The Canonization Mass was celebrated by Pope Francis ( with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI concelebrating ) , on 27 April 2014 ( Divine Mercy Sunday ) , in St. Peter 's Square ( Pope John Paul had died on the vigil of Divine Mercy Sunday in 2005 ) . About 150 Cardinals and 700 bishops concelebrated the Mass , and at least 500,000 people attended the Mass with an estimated 300,000 others watching from video screens placed around Rome .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_John_Paul_II_outside_Italy", "score": 0.597379744052887, "text": "During his reign , Pope John Paul II ( `` The Pilgrim Pope '' ) made 104 foreign trips , more than all previous popes combined . In total he logged more than 1,167,000 km . He consistently attracted large crowds on his travels , some among the largest ever assembled . While some of his trips ( such as to the United States and the Israel ) were to places previously visited by Paul VI ( the first pope to travel widely ) , many others were to countries that no pope had ever previously visited .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Pope_John_Paul_II_High_School", "score": 0.5923808813095093, "text": "St. John Paul II High School , St. John Paul II Catholic High School , or any other combinations with or without the words Catholic , Pope , or Saint refers to several Catholic secondary schools named after John Paul II , Pope from 1978 to 2005 , canonised as a saint in 2014 . Some were renamed to include `` Saint '' or `` the Great '' rather than `` Pope '' after the canonisation .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_journeys_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI", "score": 0.5904945731163025, "text": "With an average of three foreign journeys per year from 2006 to 2009 , Pope Benedict XVI was as active in visiting other countries as his predecessor , John Paul II , was at the same age from 1999 to 2002 . Pope Benedict was more active since then , however , making five foreign journeys each in both 2010 and 2011 , significantly more than the six total trips made by Pope John Paul II at the same age in 2003 and 2004 . As of the 2012 apostolic journey to Mexico and Cuba , Pope Benedict XVI is older than Pope John Paul II was at the time of his death and is now the oldest Pope to travel outside Europe , as well as being the oldest Pope to travel to Africa , Asia ( including the Middle East ) , Australia , or the Americas . Most of these trips involved the Pope giving speeches on issues that play an important role in the region that he visited , especially on education , contraceptives , abortion , and what it means to be Catholic .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "List_of_monuments_of_Pope_John_Paul_II", "score": 0.5894918441772461, "text": "This is a list of monuments and memorials to Pope John Paul II .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Early_life_of_Pope_John_Paul_II", "score": 0.5892177820205688, "text": "The early life of Pope John Paul II covers the period in his life from his birth in 1920 to his ordination to the priesthood in 1946 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "The_Reluctant_Saint", "score": 0.5868256688117981, "text": "The Reluctant Saint is a 1962 film which tells a somewhat fictionalized version of the story of Joseph of Cupertino , a 17th-century Italian Conventual Franciscan friar and mystic who is honored as a saint by the Catholic Church . It stars Maximilian Schell as Joseph , as well as Ricardo Montalban , Lea Padovani , Akim Tamiroff , and Harold Goldblatt . The movie was written by John Fante and Joseph Petracca and directed by Edward Dmytryk . Joseph of Cupertino was said to have been remarkably unclever , but was recorded by many witness during his life as prone to miraculous levitation and intense ecstasies . This movie follows Joseph ( Maximilian Schell ) from his final days living at home with his mother ( Lea Padovani ) . Because of his slow wits , she has kept him in school despite his being a grown man , older than the other students . He is seen bearing patiently and good-heartedly the ridicule of his fellow villagers , and enduring failed attempts at work as a laborer . At the insistence of his mother ( who saw no viable alternatives ) , we see him joining a Franciscan friary through the influence of his uncle ( Harold Goldblatt ) , an authority in the religious order . But trouble follows Joseph wherever he goes , including the friary , because of his slow wits . Eventually his good heart is noticed by a visiting bishop , ( Akim Tamiroff ) , who orders that he be trained to be a priest . Despite Joseph 's incapacity for the necessary scholarly studies , and preference for just managing the sheep and other animals in the friary 's stable , Joseph does become a priest . Although he learns little from the tutoring by the friars , Joseph passes the necessary examinations for the priesthood through a series of unlikely or possibly miraculous events . Soon after , when Joseph is seen levitating at the time of his ecstatic prayers to the Virgin Mary , one of the superiors in the community , ( Ricardo Montalban ) , claims that Joseph suffers from demonic possession . Joseph is therefore exorcised , but his levitations continue , persuading everyone -- including his former critic -- of the divine origins of his levitations . Most of the key events in the movie are based on historical events or reports about the life of St. Joseph of Cupertino .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Saint_Christopher_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.5849130749702454, "text": "Saint Christopher , a 3rd-century Christian venerated by Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians , has been adapted to a number of settings in popular culture .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "List_of_Non-Summit_cast_members", "score": 0.5841237306594849, "text": "The following is a list of Non-Summit cast members , past and present .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Pope", "score": 0.5817272067070007, "text": "The pope ( papa from πάππας pappas , a child 's word for `` father '' ) , also known as the pontiff , is the Bishop of Rome , and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . The primacy of the Roman bishop is largely derived from his role as the traditional successor to Saint Peter , to whom Jesus is supposed to have given the keys of Heaven and the powers of `` binding and loosing '' , naming him as the `` rock '' upon which the church would be built . The current pope is Francis , who was elected on 13 March 2013 , succeeding Benedict XVI . The office of the pope is the Papacy . His ecclesiastical jurisdiction , the Diocese of Rome , is often called `` the Holy See '' or `` the Apostolic See '' , the latter name being based upon the belief that the Bishop of Rome is the successor of Peter the Apostle . The pope is considered one of the world 's most powerful people because of his diplomatic and cultural influence . He is also head of state of Vatican City , a sovereign city-state entirely enclaved within the Italian capital city of Rome . The papacy is one of the most enduring institutions in the world and has had a prominent part in world history . The popes in ancient times helped in the spread of Christianity and the resolution of various doctrinal disputes . In the Middle Ages , they played a role of secular importance in Western Europe , often acting as arbitrators between Christian monarchs . Currently , in addition to the expansion of the Christian faith and doctrine , the popes are involved in ecumenism and interfaith dialogue , charitable work , and the defense of human rights . Popes , who originally had no temporal powers , in some periods of history accrued wide powers similar to those of temporal rulers . In recent centuries , popes were gradually forced to give up temporal power , and papal authority is now once again almost exclusively restricted to matters of religion . Over the centuries , papal claims of spiritual authority have been ever more firmly expressed , culminating in 1870 with the proclamation of the dogma of papal infallibility for rare occasions when the pope speaks ex cathedra -- literally `` from the chair ( of Saint Peter ) '' -- to issue a formal definition of faith or morals .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Karol:_The_Pope,_The_Man", "score": 0.5812307596206665, "text": "Karol : The Pope , The Man is a 2006 TV miniseries chronicling Pope John Paul II 's life as pope in flashbacks from October 22 , 1978 's papal inauguration to his death in 2005 and was directed by Giacomo Battiato . It is the sequel to the 2005 TV miniseries Karol : A Man Who Became Pope , which portrayed John Paul 's life before the papacy and ended on October 16 , 1978 , the day of his papal election .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Karol:_A_Man_Who_Became_Pope", "score": 0.5807361602783203, "text": "Karol : A Man Who Became Pope ( pl : Karol - Człowiek , który został Papieżem , it : Karol , un uomo diventato Papa ) is a 2005 TV miniseries written and directed by Giacomo Battiato , and created as a Polish-Italian-French-German and Canadian joint cooperation project . Karol is a biography of Karol Wojtyła , later known as Pope John Paul II , beginning in 1939 when Karol was only 19 years old and ending at the Papal conclave , October 1978 that made him Pope . The TV miniseries was supposed to première at the very beginning of April 2005 in the Vatican , but it was delayed due to the Pope 's death . It was broadcast for the first time by the Italian television station Canale 5 on the first day of the 2005 papal election . Although it was originally broadcast on television , it was also released in theaters , which allowed the film to be shown in Poland . The incredible success of the movie prompted the creation of a sequel , Karol : The Pope , The Man ( 2006 ) , which portrayed Karol 's life as Pope from his papal inauguration to his death .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Criticism_of_Pope_John_Paul_II", "score": 0.5797927379608154, "text": "Pope John Paul II was criticised , amongst other things , for lack of any response to sex abuse of children in the Church .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "The_Child_and_the_Pope", "score": 0.5791903734207153, "text": "The Child and the Pope ( El niño y el Papa ) is a 1987 Colombian film that tells the story of a nine-year-old Mexican boy named Angel who wants to meet the Pope after he is a victim of the 1985 Mexico City earthquake . The film was directed by Rodrigo Castaño and features Christopher Lago and Verónica Castro in the leading roles . In 1987 it was released after Pope John Paul II 's visit to Colombia .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "List_of_ages_of_popes", "score": 0.5785003304481506, "text": "This is a list of ages of popes .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
170078
David Beckham has zero middle names.
[ { "id": "David_Beckham", "score": 0.7206915020942688, "text": "David Robert Joseph Beckham , ( -LSB- ˈbɛkəm -RSB- born 2 May 1975 ) is an English former professional footballer . He played for Manchester United , Preston North End , Real Madrid , Milan , LA Galaxy , Paris Saint-Germain , and the England national team for which he held the appearance record for an outfield player until 2016 when Wayne Rooney surpassed his total . He is the first English player to win league titles in four countries : England , Spain , the United States and France . He announced his retirement in May 2013 after a 20-year career , during which he won 19 major trophies . Known for his range of passing , crossing ability and bending free-kicks as a right winger , Beckham was runner up in the Ballon d'Or , twice runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Year and in 2004 he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players . He was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2008 . A global ambassador for the sport , Beckham is regarded as a British cultural icon . Beckham 's professional club career began with Manchester United , where he made his first-team debut in 1992 aged 17 . With United , he won the Premier League title six times , the FA Cup twice , and the UEFA Champions League in 1999 . He then played four seasons with Real Madrid , winning the La Liga championship in his final season with the club . In July 2007 Beckham signed a five-year contract with Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy . While a Galaxy player , he spent two loan spells in Italy with Milan in 2009 and 2010 . He was the first British footballer to play 100 UEFA Champions League games . In international football , Beckham made his England debut on 1 September 1996 at the age of 21 . He was captain for six years , earning 58 caps during his tenure . He made 115 career appearances in total , appearing at three FIFA World Cup tournaments , in 1998 , 2002 and 2006 , and two UEFA European Championship tournaments , in 2000 and 2004 . Beckham has consistently ranked among the highest earners in football , and in 2013 he was listed as the highest-paid player in the world , earning over $ 50 million in the previous 12 months . He has been married to Victoria Beckham since 1999 and they have four children . He has been a UNICEF UK ambassador since 2005 , and in 2015 he launched 7 : The David Beckham UNICEF Fund . In 2014 , MLS announced Beckham and a group of investors would own an expansion team in Miami , which would begin in 2016 or 2017 ." } ]
[ { "id": "Beckham_(surname)", "score": 0.6601017713546753, "text": "Beckham is an English-language placename , and a surname derived from Beckham , Norfolk , referring principally to : David Beckham ( born 1975 ) , English footballer , husband of Victoria Beckham , brother of Harry Beckham Victoria Beckham ( born 1974 ) , English pop singer , wife of David Beckham , sister-in-law of Harry Beckham Harry Beckham ( born 1984 ) , English footballer , brother of David Beckham , brother-in-law of Victoria Beckham Beckham may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Posh_and_Becks", "score": 0.6205312609672546, "text": "Posh and Becks is the media-inspired nickname for the English celebrity supercouple Victoria Beckham ( née Adams , `` Posh Spice '' of the Spice Girls ) and David Beckham ( a footballer and former England team captain ) . Posh & Becks is also the name of a book by Andrew Morton .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Victoria_Beckham", "score": 0.6088423132896423, "text": "Victoria Caroline Beckham , ( Adams ; born 17 April 1974 ) is an English businesswoman , fashion designer , model , and singer . In the late 1990s , Beckham rose to fame with the all-female pop group Spice Girls , and was dubbed Posh Spice by the July 1996 issue of the British music magazine Top of the Pops . After the Spice Girls split , she was signed to Virgin Records and Telstar Records and had four UK Top 10 singles . Her first release , `` Out of Your Mind '' , reached # 2 in the UK Singles Chart . Beckham has participated in five official documentaries and reality shows about her , including Victoria 's Secrets , Being Victoria Beckham , The Real Beckhams , Victoria Beckham - A Mile In Their Shoes and Victoria Beckham : Coming to America . She has since made a cameo appearance in an episode of Ugly Betty , and been a guest judge on Project Runway , Germany 's Next Topmodel , and American Idol . In the past decade , Beckham has become an internationally recognised style icon and fashion designer . Following high-profile collaborations with other brands , she launched an eponymous label in 2008 , and a lower-priced ( diffusion ) label in 2011 . The Victoria Beckham label was named designer brand of the year in the UK in 2011 ; in 2012 the brand was assessed as the star performer in the Beckham family 's business interests . Writing in the Daily Telegraph in 2011 , Belinda White noted that the transition from WAG to fashion designer had been more successful than most had predicted , saying : `` She has gathered a significant celebrity following and won over the scathing fashion pack who now clamour for a ticket to her bi-annual show at New York Fashion Week . '' She is married to David Beckham , and they have four children . As of September 2015 , the couple 's joint wealth is estimated at # 508 million .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Beckham", "score": 0.5987478494644165, "text": "__ NOTOC __ Beckham may refer to the English football player David Beckham or his wife Victoria Beckham . See more people named Beckham at Beckham ( surname ) . Beckham may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "David_Beckham_Soccer", "score": 0.5904386639595032, "text": "David Beckham Soccer is a football sports video game for PlayStation , PlayStation 2 and Xbox , Game Boy Advance and Game Boy Color . All formats were developed and published by Rage Software Limited , apart from the Game Boy versions which were developed by Yoyo Entertainment .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "David_de_Gea", "score": 0.5896286964416504, "text": "David de Gea Quintana ( -LSB- daˈβið ðe ˈxea kinˈtana -RSB- ; born 7 November 1990 ) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for English club Manchester United and the Spain national team . He has been hailed as one of the best goalkeepers in the world . Born in Madrid , De Gea began his career aged 13 with Atlético Madrid and rose through the academy system at the club before making his senior debut in 2009 . After being made Atlético 's first-choice goalkeeper , he helped the team win both the UEFA Europa League and the UEFA Super Cup in 2010 . His performances attracted the attention of Manchester United , whom he joined in June 2011 for # 17.8 million , a British record for a goalkeeper . Since joining United , De Gea has made over 200 appearances and won a Premier League title , an FA Cup , a League Cup , three Community Shields and the UEFA Europa League . For three consecutive seasons from 2013 -- 14 to 2015 -- 16 , he was elected as United 's Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year , the first player in the award 's history to win on three successive occasions . De Gea was the captain for the Spain under-21 national side that won the European Championship in 2011 and 2013 , and also competed in the 2012 Olympics . He made his debut for the senior team in 2014 and was selected for that year 's World Cup , and has been tipped by many as the successor to Iker Casillas as Spain 's long-term goalkeeper .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Odell_Beckham_Jr.", "score": 0.5895169377326965, "text": "Odell Cornelious Beckham Jr. ( born November 5 , 1992 ) is an American football wide receiver for the New York Giants of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Born in Baton Rouge , Louisiana , Beckham played college football at nearby Louisiana State University ( LSU ) , and was drafted by the Giants in the first round of the 2014 NFL Draft with the 12th overall pick . A polarizing figure , Beckham has been one of the most productive and popular players since entering the NFL , but has been involved in several high-profile controversial incidents both on and off the playing field . Beckham started the 2012 BCS National Championship Game in his first year playing for the LSU Tigers , and won the Paul Hornung Award following his junior season in 2013 . In his first season with the New York Giants , Beckham broke numerous NFL rookie receiving records , despite missing the first four games of the season due to injury . Beckham became the first player to record more than 75 receptions , 1,100 yards , and ten touchdowns in a rookie season , and broke the rookie record for the most average receiving yards per game . During Week 12 of his first season , Beckham came to national attention when he made a one-handed touchdown catch whilst falling backwards in a Sunday Night Football game against the Dallas Cowboys , which numerous pundits and athletes called the greatest catch ever made . Beckham went on to win the 2014 Offensive Rookie of the Year award . Beckham continued his remarkable form beyond his rookie season . In 2016 , he became the fastest player in NFL history to reach both 200 career receptions and 4,000 career receiving yards . In 2016 , he recorded his first 100-reception season and reached the NFL playoffs for the first time in his career , after helping the Giants to an 11-5 season record . Beckham has been named to the Pro Bowl in each of his three seasons in the NFL , and has been named a second-team All-Pro twice .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "The_Beckham_Experiment", "score": 0.5801516771316528, "text": "The Beckham Experiment : How the World 's Most Famous Athlete Tried to Conquer America is a non-fiction work by Sports Illustrated writer Grant Wahl . The book chronicles David Beckham 's move to Major League Soccer and his impact on American soccer .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Clark_Beckham", "score": 0.5789495706558228, "text": "Clark Beckham ( born May 15 , 1992 ) is an American singer , songwriter and musician . He finished as the runner-up on season fourteen of American Idol .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Michael_Carrick", "score": 0.5777029395103455, "text": "Michael Carrick ( born 28 July 1981 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Manchester United and the England national team . He is vice-captain of Manchester United . Carrick primarily plays as a central midfielder , but he has been used as an emergency centre-back under Alex Ferguson , David Moyes and Louis van Gaal . At the time of his move to Manchester United , distinctive features of his play included his inventive distribution of the ball along with his passing and crossing abilities . Carrick began his career at West Ham United , joining the youth team in 1997 and winning the FA Youth Cup two years later . He was sent on loan twice during his debut season , to Swindon Town and Birmingham City , before securing a place in the first team by the 2000 -- 01 season . He experienced relegation in the 2002 -- 03 season and was voted into the PFA First Division Team of the Year in the following campaign . He made more than 150 appearances for the Hammers , but in 2004 , he moved to rival London club Tottenham Hotspur for a fee believed to be # 3.5 million . He scored twice in 75 appearances , before moving to Manchester United in 2006 for # 18 million . From his debut onwards he was a regular in the Manchester United first team , making more than 50 appearances in his first season with them . He established himself as a key member of the team that won the Premier League in 2006 -- 07 , their first title success in four years . The following season he was part of the side that won the 2008 Champions League final , playing the full 120 minutes as they enjoyed a 6 -- 5 penalty shootout win , with Carrick converting his spot kick , to help achieve the European Double . He enjoyed a third consecutive title triumph in the 2008 -- 09 campaign , but was unable to prevent a Champions League final defeat to Barcelona . He won his first League Cup medal in 2010 , but , for the first time during his Manchester United career , he missed out on another title success as they finished runners-up to Chelsea . Since then though , he has won two further league championships and four FA Community Shields . In 2016 , Carrick won the FA Cup to complete his collection of every domestic honour in the English game . Carrick has represented England at under-18 , under-21 , B and senior levels . He made his England debut in 2001 and has since gained 34 caps but has yet to score an international goal . Carrick has often been overlooked during his England career , with Steven Gerrard , Frank Lampard , Paul Scholes , Gareth Barry and for a brief time Scott Parker preferred in his position . This was the case until the 2012 -- 13 season , when Carrick established himself as a regular . He has been a member of the England squads for two major tournaments , the 2006 and 2010 World Cups .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Homme_by_David_Beckham", "score": 0.5727874040603638, "text": "Homme by David Beckham is a men 's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham . The scent , which was released by Coty , Inc. in September 2011 , joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct ( 2005 ) and Intimately Beckham ( 2006 ) , a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham . The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller , which also included a men 's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham 's worldwide commercial appeal . The fragrance , signed by perfumer Pierre Negrin , is based on aromatic , fresh spicy and woody notes , while still giving off a fresh and clean smell . It includes top notes of citrus , ginger , pine and pepper ; heart notes of cashmere wood , leather and rosemary and base notes of mahogany wood , patchouli and skin musk .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Beckham_World_of_Sport", "score": 0.5714901089668274, "text": "Beckham World of Sport is a soccer academy ( the David Beckham Academy ) , a sports center , and a football stadium for professional players and for children which is being built at the Cape São Roque in the city of Natal , capital of the state of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil . The complex is sponsored by the player David Beckham who visited Natal in January 2008 to launch the project . A resort called `` Cabo São Roque '' is being built along with the World of Sport .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Victoria_Beckham:_Coming_to_America", "score": 0.5688386559486389, "text": "Victoria Beckham : Coming to America was a 2007 one-hour American TV special that featured British former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham moving to the United States where her husband , David Beckham , began his career playing soccer for LA Galaxy of the MLS .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Obama_(surname)", "score": 0.5685358047485352, "text": "Obama is a surname .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Danny_Welbeck", "score": 0.5680291056632996, "text": "Daniel Nii Tackie Mensah Welbeck ( born 26 November 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Arsenal and the England national team . He primarily plays as a forward but can also play as a winger . Welbeck made his way through the youth teams at Manchester United before making his senior debut in 2008 and scoring in the process . He was with United when they won the 2008 -- 09 League Cup and the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup before being sent on loan to Preston North End and more recently Sunderland . From the 2011 -- 12 season , Welbeck was a regular figure in the Manchester United first team . He was transferred to Arsenal in September 2014 for a # 16 million fee . He made his senior England debut in March 2011 in a 1 -- 1 friendly draw against Ghana , the homeland of both of his parents . He scored his first senior international goal on 2 June 2012 , the only goal in a friendly victory over Belgium . Welbeck has gone on to represent England at UEFA Euro 2012 and the 2014 FIFA World Cup , earning over 30 caps .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Frank_Lampard", "score": 0.5671018958091736, "text": "Frank James Lampard ( born 20 June 1978 ) is an English former professional footballer and children 's writer . He is the all-time leading goalscorer for Chelsea , where he played for 13 years , and is considered by a number of journalists and football experts to be one of the greatest midfielders of his generation , in addition to being regarded as Chelsea 's greatest ever player by some Chelsea players , such as previous record goal-scorer Bobby Tambling and long-term teammate John Terry . Lampard began his career at West Ham United , for whom his father Frank Lampard , Sr. had also played . He secured a place in the first team by the 1997 -- 98 season , and the following year helped the team finish fifth in the Premier League , their highest-ever Premier League placing . In 2001 , he moved to rival London club Chelsea for # 11 million . In 2014 , he was released by Chelsea after 13 years of service . Lampard then joined New York City FC on a two-year deal , in preparation for the club 's Major League Soccer ( MLS ) debut in 2015 , as a free transfer , but would play for Manchester City in the meantime . On 31 December 2014 , however , BBC Sport 's David Ornstein revealed Lampard is under contract to Manchester City and not New York City as previously claimed by both clubs . From his debut , Lampard was ever-present in the Chelsea first team and made 164 consecutive Premier League appearances , a record for an outfield player . He established himself as a prolific scorer at the west London club and was a key part of the sides which won back-to-back Premier League titles in 2004 -- 05 and 2005 -- 06 and a domestic cup double in 2007 . He signed a new contract in 2008 , becoming the highest-paid Premier League footballer at that time , and scored in his first Champions League Final that year . He won a second FA Cup winners ' medal in 2009 , scoring the winning goal in the final . In the 2009 -- 10 season , Lampard helped Chelsea secure their first league and FA Cup Double , and also had his most prolific season with the club , scoring 22 league goals and 17 league assists . In 2012 , Lampard captained Chelsea to their first UEFA Champions League success and a year later to their first UEFA Europa League title . He was released by the club after the 2013 -- 14 season . A three-time Chelsea Player of the Year , Lampard is the club 's all-time top goalscorer with 211 goals in all competitions . Lampard is one of seven players , and the only midfielder , to have scored 150 or more goals in the Premier League . He is second in the Premier League 's all-time assists table , behind Ryan Giggs . In 2005 , Lampard was voted FWA Footballer of the Year and was runner-up in both the FIFA World Player of the Year and the Ballon d'Or . In 2010 , he received the FWA Tribute Award . He has won 13 trophies in his career . Internationally , Lampard was capped 106 times by England since his debut in October 1999 , and scored 29 international goals . He was voted England Player of the Year for two consecutive years in 2004 and 2005 . He played in Euro 2004 , where he was named in the team of the tournament after scoring three goals in four games . He was top scorer for England in their 2006 World Cup qualifying campaign with five goals , and played at three World Cups . He is England 's most prolific penalty taker with nine goals , surpassing the previous record holders , Ron Flowers and Alan Shearer . Since December 2015 , he has been married to television presenter Christine Bleakley . Lampard currently serves as a team captain on the ITV sport panel show Play to the Whistle .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "John_Terry", "score": 0.5647153258323669, "text": "John George Terry ( born 7 December 1980 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for and captains Premier League club Chelsea . He commonly plays as a centre-back . He was captain of the England national team , holding the post from August 2006 to February 2010 , and again from March 2011 to February 2012 . A strong , tenacious , commanding and physical defender , Terry excels in the air and is known for his aggressive tackling , positioning , leadership and his ability to read the game ; he is considered to be one of the greatest central defenders of his generation . Terry was named UEFA Club Defender of the Year in 2005 , 2008 and 2009 , PFA Players ' Player of the Year in 2005 , and was included in the FIFPro World XI for five consecutive seasons , from 2005 to 2009 . He was also named in the all-star squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup , the only English player to make the team . Terry is Chelsea 's most successful captain , having led them to five Premier League titles , four FA Cups , three League Cups , one UEFA Europa League and one UEFA Champions League title since 2004 . He is one of five players to have made over 500 appearances for Chelsea and is also the club 's all-time highest scoring defender . In 2007 , he became the first captain to lift the FA Cup at the new Wembley Stadium in Chelsea 's 1 -- 0 win over Manchester United , and also the first player to score an international goal there , scoring a header in England 's 1 -- 1 draw with Brazil .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "List_of_Premier_League_seasons", "score": 0.5633257031440735, "text": "The Premier League is an English professional league for association football clubs . At the top of the English football league system , it is the country 's primary football competition and is contested by 20 clubs . Seasons run from August to May , with teams playing 38 matches each , totalling 380 matches in the season . Most games are played on Saturdays and Sundays , with a few games played during weekday evenings . The competition was formed in February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from The Football League , in order to take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal . Teams competing in the Premier League may qualify for the UEFA Champions League or UEFA Europa League on virtue of league positions . The competition adopts a promotion and relegation system with the Football League which comes into place at the end of each season . Since the inaugural season in 1992 -- 93 , 45 teams have competed in the Premier League . At the end of the 1994 -- 95 season , the league was reduced from 22 teams to 20 . Six clubs have won the title : Manchester United ( 13 times ) , Chelsea ( 5 ) , Arsenal ( 3 ) , Manchester City ( 2 ) , Blackburn Rovers and Leicester City ; Manchester United was the first club to win the league three consecutive seasons in a row twice ( 1998 -- 99 to 2000 -- 01 & 2006 -- 07 to 2008 -- 09 ) and Arsenal was the only team to go an entire season without a single defeat in 2003 -- 04 . The record number of points accumulated by a team is 95 by Chelsea , who won the Premier League in 2004 -- 05 . Crystal Palace , Norwich and Sunderland have been relegated the most times ( 4 ) while Derby County accumulated the lowest ever points total with 11 in the 2007 -- 08 season . 16 top goalscorers from 11 different clubs have been awarded the Premier League Golden Boot . Andy Cole and Alan Shearer scored 34 goals in a 42-game season -- the most in a Premier League season , while Alan Shearer , Cristiano Ronaldo and Luis Suárez jointly hold the record in a 38-game season with 31 . Dutchman Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink was the first foreigner to win the award outright in 2000 -- 01 having shared the accolade with Dwight Yorke of Trinidad and Tobago in 1998 -- 99 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "David_Beckham_Academy", "score": 0.5624451041221619, "text": "The David Beckham Academy was a football school founded by England international David Beckham in 2005 . In 2009 it operated in two locations : in London , United Kingdom , and in Los Angeles , California , United States . The academy pulled out of the London site at the end of the lease in October 2009 , and the California branch closed soon after . Further Academy sites were planned at Cabo São Roque near Natal , Brazil , and in Asia . Consideration was also given in 2007 to opening an Academy in Manchester .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Daniel_Sturridge", "score": 0.5614144802093506, "text": "Daniel Andre Sturridge ( -LSB- ˈstʌrɪdʒ -RSB- born 1 September 1989 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Liverpool and the England national team . He plays as a striker , but he has also been used as a winger on many occasions . Born in Birmingham , Sturridge spent four years in the Aston Villa academy before moving to Coventry City . He then signed for Manchester City in 2003 . He continued his development at City and played in two FA Youth Cup finals . He made his first-team debut in the 2007 -- 08 season , becoming the only player ever to score in the FA Youth Cup , FA Cup and Premier League in the same season . He left City in 2009 and signed for Chelsea , where he was loaned out to Bolton Wanderers for the second half of the 2010 -- 11 season . After a successful spell at Bolton , scoring eight goals in 12 appearances , he returned to Chelsea for the 2011 -- 12 season . He left Chelsea to join Liverpool in January 2013 , where he formed the so-called SAS attacking partnership with Luis Suárez , with Liverpool scoring more than 100 league goals in the 2013 -- 14 season with Sturridge scoring 21 -- the pair of them having a 1 -- 2 in the goal scoring stats of the league . The following two seasons were curtailed by a myriad of injuries , limiting Sturridge to very few appearances . Sturridge has represented England at all levels . He made 15 appearances and scored four goals for the under-21 team . He made his debut for England against Sweden on 15 November 2011 and was selected for the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2014 FIFA World Cup .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
143348
Indiana Jones has only been portrayed by Harrison Ford.
[ { "id": "Indiana_Jones", "score": 0.7514790892601013, "text": "Henry Walton `` Indiana '' Jones Jr. ( also shortened to Indy ) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Indiana Jones franchise . George Lucas created the character in homage to the action heroes of 1930s film serials . The character first appeared in the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark , to be followed by Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom in 1984 , Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade in 1989 , The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles from 1992 to 1996 , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull in 2008 . The character is also featured in novels , comics , video games , and other media . Jones is also featured in the Disney theme park attraction , Indiana Jones Adventure at Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea , as well as the Disneyland Paris attraction Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril . Jones is most famously played by Harrison Ford and has also been portrayed by River Phoenix ( as the young Jones in The Last Crusade ) and in the television series The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles by Corey Carrier , Sean Patrick Flanery , and George Hall . Doug Lee has supplied the voice of Jones for two LucasArts video games , Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis and Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine , David Esch supplied his voice for Indiana Jones and the Emperor 's Tomb , and John Armstrong for Indiana Jones and the Staff of Kings . The character is distinguished by his appearance ( bullwhip , fedora , satchel and leather jacket ) , sense of humor , deep knowledge of many ancient civilizations and languages , and fear of snakes . Since his first appearance in Raiders of the Lost Ark , Indiana Jones has become one of cinema 's most famous characters . In 2003 , the American Film Institute ranked him the second greatest film hero of all time . He was also named the 6th Greatest Movie Character by Empire magazine . Entertainment Weekly ranked Indy 2nd on their list of The All-Time Coolest Heroes in Pop Culture . Premiere magazine also placed Indy at number 7 on their list of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time ." } ]
[ { "id": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade", "score": 0.6955344080924988, "text": "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg , from a story co-written by executive producer George Lucas . It is the third installment in the Indiana Jones franchise . Harrison Ford reprises the title role and Sean Connery plays Indiana 's father , Henry Jones , Sr. . Other cast members featured include Alison Doody , Denholm Elliott , Julian Glover , River Phoenix , and John Rhys-Davies . In the film , set largely in 1938 , Indiana searches for his father , a Holy Grail scholar , who has been kidnapped by Nazis . After the mixed reaction to Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom , Spielberg chose to compensate with a film that toned down the violence and gore . During the five years between Temple of Doom and Last Crusade , he and executive producer Lucas reviewed several scripts before accepting Jeffrey Boam 's . Filming locations included Spain , Italy , the United Kingdom , Turkey and Jordan . The film was released in North America on May 24 , 1989 , to mostly positive reviews . It was a financial success , earning $ 474,171,806 at the worldwide box office totals . It won an Academy Award for Best Sound Editing .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Indiana_Jones_(franchise)", "score": 0.6933519840240479, "text": "The Indiana Jones franchise is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry `` Indiana '' Jones , Jr. , a fictional archaeologist . It began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark. . A prequel , Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom , followed in 1984 , and a sequel , Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade , was released in 1989 . A fourth film , Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , was released in 2008 , and was the last in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures . The series was created by George Lucas ; the films star Harrison Ford and are directed by Steven Spielberg . The Walt Disney Company has owned the Indiana Jones intellectual property since its acquisition of Lucasfilm , the series ' production company , in 2012 . A fifth film is planned for release on July 10 , 2020 , with both Spielberg and Ford returning . The franchise expanded to television in 1992 with the release of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles , a series featuring adventures the character had as a child as he traveled around the world with his father . Marvel Comics began publishing The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones in 1983 , and Dark Horse Comics earned the comic book rights to the character in 1991 . Novelizations of the films have been published , as well as many novels with original adventures , including a series of German novels by Wolfgang Hohlbein , twelve novels set before the films published by Bantam Books , and a series set during the character 's childhood inspired by the television show . Numerous Indiana Jones video games have been released since 1982 .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Kingdom_of_the_Crystal_Skull", "score": 0.6855055093765259, "text": "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is a 2008 American action adventure film . It is the fourth installment in the Indiana Jones series created by George Lucas and directed by Steven Spielberg . Released nineteen years after the previous film , the film acknowledges the age of its star Harrison Ford by being set in 1957 . It pays tribute to the science fiction B-movies of the era , pitting Indiana Jones against Soviet agents -- led by Irina Spalko ( Cate Blanchett ) -- searching for a telepathic crystal skull . Indiana is aided by his former lover , Marion Ravenwood ( Karen Allen ) , and their son , Mutt Williams ( Shia LaBeouf ) . Ray Winstone , John Hurt and Jim Broadbent are also part of the supporting cast . Screenwriters Jeb Stuart , Jeffrey Boam , Frank Darabont , and Jeff Nathanson wrote drafts before David Koepp 's script satisfied the producers . Shooting began on June 18 , 2007 , at various locations in New Mexico ; New Haven , Connecticut ; Hawaii ; and Fresno , California , as well as on sound stages in Los Angeles . To maintain aesthetic continuity with the previous films , the crew relied on traditional stunt work instead of computer-generated stunt doubles , and cinematographer Janusz Kamiński studied Douglas Slocombe 's style from the previous films . The film premiered at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival on May 18 , 2008 , and was released worldwide on May 22 , 2008 to generally positive reviews from critics , although audience reception was more mixed . There was significant praise for the performances , action scenes , John Williams ' musical score , and the costume design . Criticism , however , focused on the dialogue , storyline , pacing , and overuse of CGI . It was also a financial success like the previous three films in the series , grossing over $ 786 million worldwide , becoming the franchise 's highest-grossing film when not adjusted for inflation , and the second highest-grossing film of 2008 . Marketing relied heavily on the public 's nostalgia for the series , with products taking inspiration from all four films . Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is also the last film in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures , as Walt Disney Studios has become the distributor of its future films , since its parent company 's acquisition of Lucasfilm in 2012 . It will be followed by an untitled fifth film planned for release on July 10 , 2020 , in which both Spielberg and Ford will return .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark", "score": 0.6825918555259705, "text": "Raiders of the Lost Ark ( also known as Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark ) is a 1981 American action adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg , with a screenplay written by Lawrence Kasdan , from a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman . It was produced by Frank Marshall for Lucasfilm Ltd. , with Lucas and Howard Kazanjian as executive producers . Starring Harrison Ford , it was the first installment in the Indiana Jones film franchise to be released , though it is the second in internal chronological order . It pits Indiana Jones ( Ford ) against a group of Nazis who are searching for the Ark of the Covenant , which Adolf Hitler believes will make his army invincible . The film co-stars Karen Allen as Indiana 's former lover , Marion Ravenwood ; Paul Freeman as Indiana 's nemesis , French archaeologist René Belloq ; John Rhys-Davies as Indiana 's sidekick , Sallah ; Ronald Lacey as Gestapo agent Arnold Toht ; and Denholm Elliott as Indiana 's colleague , Marcus Brody . The film originated from Lucas ' desire to create a modern version of the serials of the 1930s and 1940s . Production was based at Elstree Studios , England ; but filming also took place in La Rochelle , France , Tunisia , Hawaii , and California from June to September 1980 . Released on June 12 , 1981 , Raiders of the Lost Ark became the year 's top-grossing film and remains one of the highest-grossing films ever made . It was nominated for eight Academy Awards in 1982 , including Best Picture , and won four for Best Art Direction , Film Editing , Sound , and Visual Effects with a fifth Academy Award : a Special Achievement Award for Sound Effects Editing . The film 's critical and popular success led to three additional films , Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ( 1984 ) , Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade ( 1989 ) , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull ( 2008 ) , with a fifth slated for 2020 ; the television series The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles ( 1992 -- 1996 ) , and 15 video games as of 2009 . In 1999 , the film was included in the U.S. Library of Congress ' National Film Registry as having been deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . Raiders of the Lost Ark is often ranked as one of the greatest films of all time , both in the action-adventure genre , and in general . The film also ranks # 2 on Empire 's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Harrison_Ford", "score": 0.6735137701034546, "text": "Harrison Ford ( born July 13 , 1942 ) is an American actor and film producer . He gained worldwide fame for his starring roles as Han Solo in the Star Wars film series and as the title character of the Indiana Jones film series . Ford is also known for his roles as Rick Deckard in the neo-noir dystopian science fiction film Blade Runner ( 1982 ) ; John Book in the thriller Witness ( 1985 ) , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor ; and Jack Ryan in the action films Patriot Games ( 1992 ) and Clear and Present Danger ( 1994 ) . His career has spanned six decades and includes roles in several Hollywood blockbusters ; including the epic war film Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) ; the legal drama Presumed Innocent ( 1990 ) ; the action film The Fugitive ( 1993 ) ; the political action thriller Air Force One ( 1997 ) ; and the psychological thriller What Lies Beneath ( 2000 ) . Six of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry : American Graffiti ( 1973 ) , The Conversation ( 1974 ) , Star Wars ( 1977 ) , The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) , Raiders of the Lost Ark ( 1981 ) and Blade Runner . In 1997 , Ford was ranked No. 1 in Empires `` The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time '' list . As of 2016 , the U.S. domestic box-office grosses of Ford 's films total over US$ 4.7 billion , with worldwide grosses surpassing $ 6 billion , making Ford the highest-grossing U.S. domestic box-office star . Ford is married to actress Calista Flockhart .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom", "score": 0.666902482509613, "text": "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is a 1984 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg . It is the second installment in the Indiana Jones franchise and a prequel to the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark , featuring Harrison Ford reprising his role as the title character . After arriving in North India , Indiana Jones is asked by desperate villagers to find a mystical stone and rescue their children from a Thuggee cult practicing child slavery , black magic and ritual human sacrifice in honor of the goddess Kali . Executive producer and co-writer George Lucas decided to make the film a prequel as he did not want the Nazis to be the villains again . After three rejected plot devices , Lucas wrote a film treatment that resembled the film 's final storyline . Lawrence Kasdan , Lucas 's collaborator on Raiders of the Lost Ark , turned down the offer to write the script , and Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz were hired as his replacements , with the screenplay partly based upon the 1939 film Gunga Din . The film was released to financial success but mixed reviews , which criticized its violence , later contributing to the creation of the PG-13 rating . However , critical opinion has improved since 1984 , citing the film 's intensity and imagination . Some of the film 's cast and crew , including Spielberg , retrospectively view the film in a negative light , partly due to the film being the darkest and most overtly violent Indiana Jones film . The film has also been the subject of controversy due to its portrayal of India and Hinduism .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Indiana_Jones_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6662986874580383, "text": "Indiana Jones is the title character of a film and media franchise , an archaeologist played by Harrison Ford . Indiana Jones may also refer to : Indiana Jones ( franchise ) , the entertainment franchise based around the character Indiana Jones ( comics ) , comics featuring the character Indiana Jones ( pinball ) , a 1993 pinball machine featuring the character", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "List_of_Indiana_Jones_characters", "score": 0.6475494503974915, "text": "This is a list of characters in the Indiana Jones series .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Henry_Jones_Sr.", "score": 0.6450815200805664, "text": "Professor Henry Walton Jones Sr. is a fictional character in the Indiana Jones franchise . He is the father of Indiana Jones . Henry Jones Sr is professor , speaker , and author . As a professor of medieval studies at Princeton University he as authored many books and has spoken at conferences all over the world . The character was portrayed by Sean Connery in the 1989 film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade . Alex Hyde-White cameoed as the younger Henry in the film 's prologue ( though his face was not seen , and Connery dubbed his voice ) . Lloyd Owen played Henry in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles television series . The character also made appearances in novels and a comic book .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Lego_Indiana_Jones", "score": 0.6257432699203491, "text": "Lego Indiana Jones ( stylized as LEGO Indiana Jones ) is a Lego theme based on the Indiana Jones film franchise , licensed from Lucasfilm . The exclusive franchise ( for the ` Construction Category Rights ' ) was first announced in June 2007 , and followed the successful Lego Star Wars franchise , also with Lucasfilm . The first set of products were launched in 2008 , based upon two of the three earlier films ( Raiders of the Lost Ark and The Last Crusade ) . Sets featuring scenes from the fourth film , Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , were released alongside the film , later in 2008 . The Temple of Doom film was not featured until 2009 , in a large set which re-created the mine-cart chase using new narrow-gauge Lego train track . The theme also features in a video game series . Lego Indiana Jones : The Original Adventures was released on June 3 , 2008 , based on the original trilogy . A sequel , called Lego Indiana Jones 2 : The Adventure Continues , was released in November 2009 , including scenes from the new Kingdom of the Crystal Skull film , along with a level editor feature . A computer-animated short film , Lego Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Brick , directed by Peder Pedersen , was also released on the official Lego site . It combines details from all four Indiana Jones films in one adventure .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "The_Young_Indiana_Jones_Chronicles", "score": 0.6116988062858582, "text": "The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles is an American television series that aired on ABC from March 4 , 1992 , to July 24 , 1993 . Filming took place in various locations around the world , with `` Old Indy '' bookend segments filmed in Wilmington , North Carolina and on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Wilmington . The series was an Amblin Television/Lucasfilm production in association with Paramount Network Television . The series explores the childhood and youth of the fictional character Indiana Jones and primarily stars Sean Patrick Flanery and Corey Carrier as the title character , with George Hall playing an elderly version of Jones for the bookends of most episodes , though Harrison Ford bookended one episode . The show was created and executively produced by George Lucas , who also created , co-wrote and executively produced the Indiana Jones feature films . Due to its enormous budget , the series was canceled in 1993 . However , following the series ' cancellation , four made-for-television films were produced from 1994 to 1996 in an attempt to continue the series . In 1999 , the series was re-edited into 22 television films under the title The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Indiana_Jones_Adventure", "score": 0.6032143831253052, "text": "The Indiana Jones Adventure is an enhanced motion vehicle dark ride attraction at Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea , based on the Indiana Jones film series . Guests accompany intrepid archaeologist Dr. Indiana Jones on a turbulent quest , aboard military troop transport vehicles , through a dangerous lost temple guarded by a supernatural power . The attraction premiered as Temple of the Forbidden Eye at Disneyland in Anaheim , California on March 3 , 1995 , and opened to the general public on March 4 , 1995 . A second , and nearly identical , version of the ride opened as Temple of the Crystal Skull on September 4 , 2001 at Tokyo DisneySea in Chiba , Japan , unrelated to the 2008 film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Indiana_Jones_(comics)", "score": 0.6016635298728943, "text": "The Indiana Jones franchise has produced a large number of comic books . Marvel Comics initially owned the rights before passing them to Dark Horse Comics in 1990 . Marvel published adaptations of the films Raiders of the Lost Ark , Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom , and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade , while Dark Horse adapted the Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis video game , The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles television series , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull . Marvel also published The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones from 1983 to 1986 , which were the first original adventures featuring the character in comic book literature . From 1992 to 1996 , following the Fate of Atlantis adaptation , Dark Horse published seven limited series . With the franchise 's revival in 2008 due to the release of Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , Dark Horse will publish further series , including one aimed at children . Critical reaction to the comics , particularly their interior art , is mixed .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade_(video_game)", "score": 0.5965387225151062, "text": "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is the title of three different video games released for various video and computer home systems . The format of each particular video game is different , but they loosely follow the film 's storyline .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom_(1985_video_game)", "score": 0.5961634516716003, "text": "This entry is for the arcade game . For the Nintendo Entertainment System game , see Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ( 1988 video game ) . Indiana Jones and The Temple of Doom is a 1985 action arcade game developed and published by Atari Games , based on the 1984 film of the same name , the second film in the Indiana Jones franchise . It is also the first Atari System 1 arcade game to include digitized speech , including voice clips of Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones and Amrish Puri as Mola Ram , as well as John Williams ' music from the film .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Sallah", "score": 0.5954360961914062, "text": "Sallah Mohammed Faisel el-Kahir , better known simply as Sallah , is a fictional character played by Welsh actor John Rhys-Davies in two of the four Indiana Jones films ; Raiders of the Lost Ark and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade . He also appears in various comics and novels , and is featured in the Disney theme park attractions , the Indiana Jones Adventure and The Great Movie Ride .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade_(1991_video_game)", "score": 0.5939792990684509, "text": "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a video game released in 1991 by Taito , for the NES based on the film with the same name . There was also an NES game with the same title released by Ubisoft in 1993 that was a completely different game in itself , but also based on the movie .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Marion_Ravenwood", "score": 0.5907962918281555, "text": "Marion Ravenwood is a fictional character that first appeared in the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark. . Played by Karen Allen , she enters the story when Indiana Jones visits her in Nepal , needing her help to locate the Ark of the Covenant with a possession originally obtained by her father , Dr. Abner Ravenwood . After 27 years of absence ( 21 years in the films ' internal chronology ) , the character returned in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , and was once again played by Allen .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "References_and_parodies_of_Indiana_Jones", "score": 0.5876432061195374, "text": "Since its debut in 1981 , the Indiana Jones franchise has become part of American popular culture . References have been made in television series , movies , music and other material since the original film was released . While many sources will simply reference the characters , some of the most frequently referenced ( and parodied ) scenes include : From Raiders of the Lost Ark , the opening adventure in the Temple of the Chachapoyan Warriors , including seizing the Chachapoyan Fertility Idol and escaping from the different traps , including the rolling boulder trap . From Raiders of the Lost Ark , the final sequence where the Ark of the Covenant is packed into crate 9906753 and stored in Hangar 51 . From Temple of Doom , the scene where Jones rolls under a closing door and reaches back under to pick up his fedora .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Indiana_Jones:_The_Pinball_Adventure", "score": 0.5845400094985962, "text": "Indiana Jones : The Pinball Adventure is a 1993 widebody pinball game designed by Mark Ritchie ( the younger brother of acclaimed pinball designer Steve Ritchie ) and released by Williams . It was based on the Indiana Jones movies . It was also part of WMS ' SuperPin series of widebody games ( see also The Twilight Zone and Star Trek : The Next Generation ) . This game was the first game to use Williams / Midway 's DCS Sound System . It features sound clips from the first three films , and actor John Rhys-Davies ( reprising his role as Sallah ) provided new speech for the game . Another machine , simply titled Indiana Jones , was released in 2008 by Stern Pinball . It includes elements from the fourth film , Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
156207
Brian Wilson was part of the Beach Boys.
[ { "id": "Smile_(The_Beach_Boys_album)", "score": 0.6552672386169434, "text": "Smile ( stylized as SMiLE ) was a projected album by American rock band the Beach Boys intended to follow their 11th studio album , Pet Sounds ( 1966 ) . After bandleader Brian Wilson abandoned large portions of music recorded over a ten-month period , the band substituted its release with Smiley Smile ( 1967 ) , an album containing stripped-down remakes of some Smile material . Some of the original Smile tracks eventually found their way onto subsequent Beach Boys ' studio and compilation albums . As more fans learned of the project 's origins , details of its recordings acquired considerable mystique , and it was later acknowledged as the most legendary unreleased album in the history of popular music . Working with lyricist Van Dyke Parks , Smile was composed as a multi-thematic concept album , existing today in its unfinished and fragmented state as an unordered series of abstract musical vignettes . Its genesis came during the recording of Pet Sounds , when Wilson began recording a new single , `` Good Vibrations '' . The track was created by an unprecedented recording technique : over 90 hours of tape was recorded , spliced , and reduced into a three-minute pop song . It quickly became the band 's biggest international hit yet ; Smile was to be produced in a similar fashion . Wilson touted the album as `` a teenage symphony to God '' , incorporating a range of music styles including psychedelic , doo-wop , barbershop singing , ragtime , yodeling , early American folk , classical music , and avant-garde explorations into noise and musical acoustics . Its projected singles were `` Heroes and Villains '' , a Western musical comedy , and `` Vega-Tables '' , a satire of physical fitness . The album 's collapse has been attributed to several personal , technical , and legal issues which surrounded its making . The majority of its backing tracks were completed between August and December 1966 . A deadline set for January 1967 was missed , and Parks soon distanced himself from the project . In June , the Beach Boys reconvened at Brian 's makeshift home studio to record Smiley Smile . Many attempts were then made to complete the original Smile , most of which were derailed by Wilson , who became psychologically traumatized by the album . It was in the 1980s when bootlegged tracks from Smile began circulating widely among record collectors , encouraging others to assemble their own versions using what surviving recordings were available . The potential of what Smile could have been inspired many musicians , particularly those in indie rock , while the album 's saga became a touchstone for chamber pop and the more art-inclined sectors of post-punk . As a solo artist , Wilson reinterpreted the project for concert performances in 2004 , and then followed up with the studio album Brian Wilson Presents Smile . Although he had ostensibly completed the work , Wilson clarified that his 2004 arrangement differed substantially from how he had first conceptualized the album during the 1960s . On October 31 , 2011 , The Smile Sessions was released containing an approximation of what the Beach Boys ' completed Smile might have sounded like based on the structure of Brian Wilson Presents Smile . It received universal acclaim . In 2012 , the compilation was ranked number 381 in Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list . In 2013 , it won the Best Historical Album award at the 55th Grammy Awards ." }, { "id": "Pet_Sounds", "score": 0.6833533644676208, "text": "Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys , released on May 16 , 1966 . It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States , peaking at number 10 in the Billboard 200 , a significantly lower placement than the band 's preceding albums . In the United Kingdom , the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success , peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months . Pet Sounds has subsequently gathered worldwide acclaim from critics and musicians alike , and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history . The album was produced and arranged by Brian Wilson , who also wrote and composed almost all of its music . Most of the recording sessions were conducted between January and April 1966 , a year after he had quit touring with the Beach Boys in order to focus more attention on writing and recording . For Pet Sounds , Wilson 's goal was to create `` the greatest rock album ever made '' -- a personalized work with no filler tracks . It is sometimes considered a Wilson solo album , repeating the themes and ideas he had introduced with The Beach Boys Today ! one year earlier . The album 's lead single , `` Caroline , No '' , was issued as his official solo debut . It was followed by two singles credited to the group : `` Would n't It Be Nice '' ( backed with `` God Only Knows '' ) and `` Sloop John B '' . Collaborating with lyricist Tony Asher , Wilson 's symphonic arrangements wove elaborate layers of vocal harmonies , coupled with sound effects and unusual instruments such as bicycle bells , buzzing organs , harpsichords , flutes , Electro-Theremin , trains , Hawaiian-sounding string instruments , Coca-Cola cans , and barking dogs , along with the more usual keyboards and guitars . Unified by Wall of Sound-style production techniques , the album comprised Wilson 's `` pet sounds '' , consisting mainly of introspective songs like `` You Still Believe in Me '' , about faithfulness , `` I Know There 's an Answer '' , a critique of LSD users , and `` I Just Was n't Made for These Times '' , an autobiographical statement on social alienation ( as well as the first use of a theremin-like instrument on a rock record ) . Recording was completed on April 13 , 1966 , with an unprecedented total production cost that exceeded $ 70,000 ( equivalent to $ in ) . A follow-up album , Smile , was immediately planned , but left unfinished . In 1997 , a `` making-of '' version of Pet Sounds was supervised by Wilson and released as The Pet Sounds Sessions , containing the album 's first true stereo mix . Pet Sounds is regarded by musicologists as an early concept album that advanced the field of music production , introducing non-standard harmonies and timbres , and incorporating elements of pop , jazz , exotica , classical , and the avant-garde . A heralding work of psychedelia , the album furthered an aesthetic trend within rock by helping it transform from dance music into music that was made for listening to , elevating itself to the level of art rock . Author Bill Martin said that Pet Sounds represents a turning point where the Beach Boys `` brought expansions in harmony , instrumentation ( and therefore timbre ) , duration , rhythm , and the use of recording technology . Of these elements , the first and last were the most important in clearing a pathway toward the development of progressive rock . '' In 2004 , Pet Sounds was preserved in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress for being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' One year earlier , Rolling Stone ranked it second on its list of the `` 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' . As of 2015 , Acclaimed Music lists Pet Sounds as the most statistically acclaimed album of all time ." }, { "id": "Brian_Wilson_Presents_Smile", "score": 0.6792095899581909, "text": "Brian Wilson Presents Smile ( also referred to as Smile or the abbreviation BWPS ) is the sixth studio album by Brian Wilson , released in September 2004 . It began as a series of concert performances which were later adapted for a 2005 direct-to-video concert film of the same name . The album received great acclaim and earned Wilson his first Grammy Award , later being featured in several `` greatest albums '' lists . The project was originally conceived in 1966 as Smile , a concept album recorded by the Beach Boys written in collaboration between Wilson and lyricist Van Dyke Parks . It was intended to succeed the group 's 11th studio album Pet Sounds and was based on the engineering methods of their single `` Good Vibrations '' . Many years after the project was shelved due to personal and technical difficulties with recording , Wilson chose to revisit the material with Parks as a specially arranged live concert performance . Motivated by the unexpected positive reception , a studio-recorded version was then released by Wilson as a solo album . Recorded from scratch , Brian Wilson Presents Smile eschews the Beach Boys ' Smile sessions by containing all-new instrumental and vocal performances . Recordings from the original Beach Boys ' sessions were later released as The Smile Sessions in 2011 . It featured a reconstruction of the Beach Boys ' Smile album that loosely followed the track listing template never before established until the release of Brian Wilson Presents Smile ." }, { "id": "Brian_Wilson", "score": 0.8105511665344238, "text": "Brian Douglas Wilson ( born June 20 , 1942 ) is an American musician , singer , songwriter , and record producer best known for being the multi-tasking leader and co-founder of the rock band the Beach Boys . After signing with Capitol Records in 1962 , Wilson wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits for the group . Because of his unorthodox approaches to song composition and arrangement and mastery of recording techniques , he is widely acknowledged , by critics and musicians alike , as one of the most innovative and influential creative forces in popular music . In the mid-1960s , Wilson composed , arranged and produced Pet Sounds ( 1966 ) , considered one of the greatest albums ever made . The intended follow-up to Pet Sounds , Smile , was canceled for various reasons , which included Wilson 's deteriorating mental health . As he suffered repeated nervous breakdowns , Wilson 's contributions to the Beach Boys diminished , and his erratic behavior led to tensions with the band . Following a court-ordered removal from the care of psychologist Eugene Landy , Wilson started receiving conventional medical treatment , and in the late 1990s , he began performing and recording consistently as a solo artist . He remains a member of the Beach Boys ' corporation , Brother Records Incorporated . Wilson is considered a major innovator in the field of music production , the principal originator of the California Sound , one of the first music producer auteurs , and one of the most famous examples of the outsider musician . Only 21 years old when he received the freedom to produce his own records with total creative autonomy , he ignited an explosion of like-minded California producers , supplanting New York as the center of popular records , and becoming the first rock producer to use the studio as its own instrument . Wilson effectively set a precedent that allowed bands and artists to enter a recording studio and act as their own producers or co-producers . His songs became inextricably tied with the zeitgeist of the early 1960s , and he helped develop the sound of the wistful Flower Power era that proceeded . In later years , Wilson was regarded as a `` godfather '' to an era of indie musicians who were inspired by his melodic sensibilities , chamber pop orchestrations , and recording explorations . His honors include being inducted into the 1988 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and winning Grammy Awards for Brian Wilson Presents Smile ( 2004 ) and The Smile Sessions ( 2011 ) . In lists published by Rolling Stone , Wilson ranked 52 for the `` 100 Greatest Singers of All Time '' in 2008 and 12 for the `` 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time '' in 2015 . In 2012 , music publication NME ranked Wilson number 8 in its `` 50 Greatest Producers Ever '' list , elaborating `` few consider quite how groundbreaking Brian Wilson 's studio techniques were in the mid-60s '' . He is an occasional actor and voice actor , having appeared in television shows , films , and other artists ' music videos . His life was portrayed in the 2014 biopic Love & Mercy , which received a wide release in 2015 ." }, { "id": "Eugene_Landy", "score": 0.5690786838531494, "text": "Eugene Ellsworth `` Gene '' Landy ( November 26 , 1934 -- March 22 , 2006 ) was an American psychologist and psychotherapist best known for his unconventional 24-hour therapy , as well as for ethical violations concerning his treatment of the Beach Boys co-founder Brian Wilson in the 1980s . The latter events were dramatized in the biographical film Love & Mercy ( 2014 ) , in which Landy is portrayed by Paul Giamatti . As a teenager , Landy aspired to show business , briefly serving as an early manager for George Benson . During the 1960s , he began studying psychology , earning his doctorate at the University of Oklahoma . After moving to Los Angeles , he treated many celebrity clients , including musician Alice Cooper and actors Richard Harris , Rod Steiger , Maureen McCormick , and Gig Young . He also developed an unorthodox 24-hour therapy intended to stabilize his patients by micromanaging their lives with a team of counselors and doctors . Brian Wilson initially became a patient under Landy 's program in 1975 . Landy was soon discharged due to his burdensome fees . In 1983 , Landy was re-employed as Wilson 's therapist , subsequently becoming his executive producer , business manager , co-songwriter , and business adviser . Landy went on to co-produce Wilson 's debut solo album and allegedly ghostwrote portions of Wilson 's disowned memoir Would n't It Be Nice : My Own Story . In 1989 , Landy agreed to let the state of California revoke his professional license amidst accusations of ethical violations and patient misconduct . Wilson continued to see Landy until a 1992 restraining order barred Landy from contacting the musician ever again ." }, { "id": "Love_&_Mercy_(film)", "score": 0.5797085762023926, "text": "Love & Mercy ( stylized as love & mercy ) is a 2014 American biographical drama film directed and co-produced by Bill Pohlad , co-produced by Claire Rudnick-Polstein and John Wells and written by Michael Alan Lerner and Oren Moverman . The film , deriving its title from the 1988 song by Wilson , focuses on musician-songwriter Brian Wilson , co-founder of the Beach Boys , during the 1960s and 1980s , presenting the film in a nonlinear narrative . Paul Dano and John Cusack star as the young and middle-aged Wilson , respectively , with Elizabeth Banks as Wilson 's second wife Melinda Ledbetter , and Paul Giamatti as Wilson 's psychotherapist Dr. Eugene Landy . The film premiered in the Special Presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2014 and was released by Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions on June 5 , 2015 . It grossed $ 28.6 million over a $ 10 million budget , a moderate commercial success , and received critical acclaim from reviewers , lauded for its unorthodox style , original score by Atticus Ross , Dano 's performance as Wilson in the 1960s , and scenes that closely recreated Wilson 's advanced studio recording methods during the making of Pet Sounds ( 1966 ) . Wilson -- who had little involvement during development -- praised the film for being `` very factual . '' It was nominated for two Golden Globes : Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture ( Paul Dano ) and Best Original Song ( `` One Kind of Love '' ) ." } ]
[ { "id": "Child_of_Winter", "score": 0.6288144588470459, "text": "`` Child of Winter ( Christmas Song ) '' is a Christmas song written by Brian Wilson and Stephen Kalinich ( and incorporating in its structure the opening verse from `` Here Comes Santa Claus '' by Gene Autry and Oakley Haldeman ) . It was recorded by the American rock band the Beach Boys and was released as a single in 1974 backed with `` Susie Cincinnati '' . It was the only Beach Boys single between the albums Holland and 15 Big Ones .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Marilyn_Wilson-Rutherford", "score": 0.6285181045532227, "text": "Marilyn Wilson-Rutherford ( née Rovell ; born February 6 , 1947 ) is an American singer best known as the first wife of Beach Boy Brian Wilson , and as the mother of singers Carnie Wilson and Wendy Wilson of Wilson Phillips . In the 1960s , she founded the Honeys , and after their dissolution in 1969 , she founded American Spring with her sister Diane Rovell .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Brian_Wilson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)", "score": 0.6283649802207947, "text": "Brian Wilson MLA ( born 1943 ) is an Independent and former Green Party politician in Northern Ireland . He was the first member of the Green Party to be elected as member of the Northern Ireland Assembly .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Little_Deuce_Coupe_(song)", "score": 0.62808758020401, "text": "`` Little Deuce Coupe '' is a song written by Brian Wilson and Roger Christian . The song first appeared as the b-side to The Beach Boys ' 1963 single `` Surfer Girl '' . The car referred to is the 1932 Ford Model 18 . `` Little Deuce Coupe '' became The Beach Boys ' highest charting b-side , peaking on September 28 , 1963 at No. 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "United_Western_Recorders", "score": 0.6278007626533508, "text": "United Western Recorders was a two-building recording studio complex in Hollywood , which became one of the most successful independent recording studios in the world in the 1960s . The complex came as a merge between neighboring studios United Recording Corp. on 6050 Sunset Boulevard and Western Studio on 6000 Sunset Boulevard . In 1984 , United Western Recorders was succeeded by and renamed to Ocean Way Recording . Starting in 1999 , the complex was divided by two individual establishments : Ocean Way Recording ( now United Recording Studios ) on 6050 Sunset and Cello Studios ( now EastWest Studios ) on 6000 Sunset . The United Western complex produced some of the biggest hit records of the pop era . According to the book Temples of Sound , `` No other studio has won more technical excellence awards , and no studio has garnered as many Best Engineered Grammys as this complex of studios on Sunset Boulevard . '' Its Studio 3 room is considered `` iconic '' for its use by Brian Wilson for the Beach Boys ' albums Pet Sounds ( 1966 ) and Smile ( unreleased ) .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "The_Smile_Sessions", "score": 0.6275896430015564, "text": "The Smile Sessions is a compilation album and box set recorded by American rock band the Beach Boys , released on October 31 , 2011 by Capitol Records . The set focuses on abandoned recording sessions from their unfinished 1966 -- 67 album Smile which -- if completed -- would have followed the group 's 11th studio album Pet Sounds . It features comprehensive session highlights and outtakes , while the first 19 tracks comprise an approximation of what the completed album might have sounded like . The compilation is the first and only package devoted to the 1960s Smile recordings originally produced by Brian Wilson , arriving after decades of public anticipation and numerous false starts . The project was led primarily by audio engineers Alan Boyd , Mark Linett , and Capitol A&R director Dennis Wolfe , with Wilson acting as a remote supervisor , assisting the engineers with some mixing decisions . Previously , Wilson had completed a solo album based on Smile in 2004 , which Boyd , Linett , and Wolfe used as a blueprint for The Smile Sessions . Wilson later stated that while the compilation is `` not a far cry '' from his original vision , he prefers his 2004 version . It is preceded by the similar box set The Pet Sounds Sessions ( 1997 ) . The Smile Sessions received virtually unanimous critical acclaim upon release . It was voted number 381 in Rolling Stone 's 2012 list of the `` 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' and won the award for Best Historical Album at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards in 2013 . The Los Angeles Times encouraged its inclusion in `` every library of American recording history , '' deeming it an essential learning tool for university composition departments , music professors , budding recording engineers , and composers .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "List_of_cover_versions_of_Beach_Boys_songs", "score": 0.627031683921814, "text": "This is a list of cover versions of Beach Boys songs recorded by notable music artists . The Beach Boys were a critically and commercially successful band whose music is defined as being culturally significant . Through their immense influence , many notable artists began covering their original songs while various commemorative tribute albums have been created . Some of them feature song selections based on a certain era , particular album , or other thematic choice . Artists who have covered songs from the solo career of the Beach Boys ' members are not included .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Here_Today_(The_Beach_Boys_song)", "score": 0.6266817450523376, "text": "`` Here Today '' is a song written by Brian Wilson and Tony Asher for American rock band The Beach Boys , released on their 1966 album Pet Sounds . It is the tenth track on the album . The song 's lyric is expressed from the perspective of a narrator who warns the listener of the inevitable heartbreak that will result from his newfound love . It was later included as the B-side to the 1967 single `` Darlin ' '' . Stephen Davis , who reviewed Pet Sounds , stated that `` Here Today '' `` portrays a pessimism and disaffection that jars with the previous optimism . It is the end of the affair ... '' Donald Guarisco of Allmusic described the song as `` a highlight of Pet Sounds '' and `` one of Brian Wilson 's most ambitious arrangements . ''", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Spirit_of_America_(The_Beach_Boys_album)", "score": 0.6258625984191895, "text": "Spirit of America is the 1975 follow-up to the Capitol Records compilation of music by The Beach Boys , Endless Summer , released the previous year . After the enormous success of its predecessor , Capitol rounded up the few remaining early hits that were not released on Endless Summer , as well as some worthy album tracks , in addition to two rare singles , `` The Little Girl I Once Knew '' and `` Break Away '' . Although it features only a handful of genuine hits , Spirit of America proved to be another success for The Beach Boys ' former label , reaching number 8 at home and going gold . The `` Spirit of America '' ( and `` Endless Summer '' ) record album cover art illustrator is Keith McConnell . As with Endless Summer , Spirit of America was compiled and released while The Beach Boys were contracted with Reprise Records and , as such , is not considered an `` official '' album of theirs . Due to the appearance of more comprehensive and updated hit packages , Endless Summer , Spirit of America , and the 1982 followup Sunshine Dream have long since been deleted from the group 's catalog .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Amusement_Parks_U.S.A.", "score": 0.6252449750900269, "text": "`` Amusement Parks U.S.A. '' is a song written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love for the American rock band The Beach Boys . It was released on their 1965 album Summer Days ( and Summer Nights !! ) . Sung by Love and produced by Wilson , the narrator in its lyric sings about `` mess -LSB- ing -RSB- around at the -LSB- amusement -RSB- park all day . '' A short section featuring Hal Blaine imitating a carnival barker is also featured .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Please_Let_Me_Wonder", "score": 0.6249791979789734, "text": "`` Please Let Me Wonder '' is a song written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love for American rock band the Beach Boys . The song was the B-side of the single `` Do You Wan na Dance ? '' which was released by The Beach Boys in 1965 through Capitol Records . It peaked at a number 52 in Billboard and number 46 in Cash Box . The contemporary Gilbert Youth Survey conducted nationally in April 1965 placed this song at number 9 in its chart one week . The song was the first that Wilson wrote while under the influence of marijuana . The song was first released on the band 's 1965 album The Beach Boys Today ! . Due to the lyrics , which are filled with a sense of longing and uncertainty , it is a contrasting piece to Wilson 's `` When I Grow Up ( To Be a Man ) '' .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Sail_On,_Sailor", "score": 0.6248952150344849, "text": "`` Sail On , Sailor '' is a song by American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1973 album Holland . It was written by Brian Wilson , Ray Kennedy , Tandyn Almer , Jack Rieley , and Van Dyke Parks . It was released as a single in 1973 , backed with `` Only with You '' , and peaked at number 79 on the American singles charts . A 1975 reissue ( also backed with `` Only with You '' ) charted higher , at number 49 . According to Jon Stebbins , `` It is perhaps the only perennial Beach Boys favorite to still thrive in the classic rock and album rock FM radio formats of the present . ''", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Shannon_(song)", "score": 0.6248824596405029, "text": "`` Shannon '' is a 1976 song by Henry Gross . It became an international hit , reaching number six on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and number five on the Cash Box Top 100 . Although it was a much smaller hit in the UK and Australia , the song reached number one in Canada and New Zealand . `` Shannon '' was written about the death of Beach Boys member Carl Wilson 's Irish Setter of the same name . The single went gold in the U.S. and became a worldwide hit , reaching # 6 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and # 5 on the Cash Box Top 100 in 1976 . In Canada it reached # 1 . `` Shannon '' also reached # 1 in New Zealand , but peaked only at # 32 in the UK .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Marcella_(song)", "score": 0.6245598196983337, "text": "`` Marcella '' is a song written by Brian Wilson , Tandyn Almer and Jack Rieley for the American rock band The Beach Boys about a massage therapist . It was released on their 1972 album Carl and the Passions -- `` So Tough '' . It is the last song to feature Bruce Johnston during his original tenure in the band .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Goodbye_Surfing,_Hello_God!", "score": 0.6239967942237854, "text": "`` Goodbye Surfing , Hello God ! '' is an article written by Jules Siegel chronicling his experiences with Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys during recording sessions for the abandoned studio album Smile . It was first published in the magazine Cheetah in October 1967 , and has since been anthologized in several formats . In 2011 , it was made available by Atavist as an e-book .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "The_Greatest_Hits_–_Volume_2:_20_More_Good_Vibrations", "score": 0.6236058473587036, "text": "The Greatest Hits -- Volume 2 : 20 More Good Vibrations is a 1999 single disc compilation by The Beach Boys and released through Capitol Records . It was released as the companion piece to The Greatest Hits -- Volume 1 : 20 Good Vibrations on the same day . This CD basically mops up some of the early classics that were left behind on the first volume , such as `` In My Room '' and `` Do n't Worry Baby '' , but continues on to cover their commercially lean but artistically valid 1967 -- 1970 period , going from `` Heroes and Villains '' to the Al Jardine-produced `` Cottonfields '' , a European hit in the summer of 1970 . As on its earlier volume , the production credits on this album have been revised . Although originally credited to The Beach Boys , `` Heroes and Villains '' , `` Wild Honey '' , `` Darlin ' '' and `` Friends '' are now credited as produced by Brian Wilson . Released in September 1999 , The Greatest Hits -- Volume 2 : 20 More Good Vibrations charted at number 192 U.S. in March 2000 after a Beach Boys ABC-TV movie was transmitted .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Long_Promised_Road", "score": 0.6233128905296326, "text": "`` Long Promised Road '' is a song written by Carl Wilson and Jack Rieley for the American rock band The Beach Boys . It was first released as a single in May 1971 , and did not chart . It was then released on their 1971 album Surf 's Up , and was re-released as a single , with a different b-side , '' 'Til I Die '' , in October of the same year . This time it made it to # 89 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Aside from a few guitar parts written in the early days of the band , the song is Carl Wilson 's first composition ; he plays all of the instruments and handles the lead vocal on the track .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Summer_in_Paradise", "score": 0.6231040358543396, "text": "Summer in Paradise is the 27th studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys , released on August 3 , 1992 on Brother Records . Produced by Terry Melcher , it has been described as the band 's critical and commercial low point . It was the first and only studio album not to feature any new contributions from founding member Brian Wilson . The Beach Boys did not record another album of original material until That 's Why God Made the Radio in 2012 . Summer in Paradise was left out of Capitol 's Beach Boys re-issue campaign in 2000 and 2001 , and is currently out of print .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Andy_Paley_sessions", "score": 0.6230280995368958, "text": "The Andy Paley sessions are an unfinished recording project by American songwriter-musicians Brian Wilson and Andy Paley . Begun in the early 1990s , the intent was to record a studio album comprising original material written and produced by the duo with participation from Wilson 's group the Beach Boys . It was the last time Brian would work with the band before the death of his brother and bandmate Carl Wilson in 1998 . Paley previously worked with Wilson as a co-producer and co-writer for the albums Brian Wilson ( 1988 ) and Sweet Insanity ( unreleased ) . In February 1992 , California courts issued a restraining order on Brian 's therapist Eugene Landy . The next day , Wilson phoned Paley explaining that they were now free to do whatever they wanted . Without an album or recording contract in mind , the two proceeded to write and record several dozen songs that reflected Wilson 's personal interests . In the meantime , Wilson completed two solo albums for 1995 : I Just Was n't Made for These Times with Don Was and Orange Crate Art with Van Dyke Parks , both of which contained no new original material by Wilson . He was also subject to much legal wrangling between bandmate Mike Love for songwriting credits and back royalties which resolved in December 1994 . Many internal conflicts prevented the album from completion . Carl disliked the material , as did Brian 's wife and manager Melinda , and record labels expressed little interest in signing Brian to a contract . While sessions were underway , Brian embarked on songwriting and recording collaborations with businessman and label owner Joe Thomas , which resulted in the Beach Boys ' Stars and Stripes Vol . 1 ( 1996 ) and Brian 's Imagination ( 1998 ) . Few of the Paley sessions ' recordings have seen official release since then , though many tracks circulate via bootlegs .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Hey_Little_Tomboy", "score": 0.6228649020195007, "text": "`` Hey Little Tomboy '' is a song written by Brian Wilson for American rock band the Beach Boys , released on their 1978 album M.I.U. Album , and as the B-side to their single `` Peggy Sue '' . The song was nearly included as a track on Adult/Child before the album was rejected . The Beach Boys ' recording originates from March -- October 1976 15 Big Ones/Love You sessions . Wilson , describing `` Hey Little Tomboy '' as a contender for the Love You track list , said : `` It 's about a little girl who is sort of a rough neck , and this guy convinces her to become a pretty girl , and sure enough she slowly turns into a pretty -- she starts shaving her legs and wearing short sticks -- puts lipstick on and makeup . So she 's a little tomboy . ... We 're very happy with it . '' Biographer Peter Ames Carlin wrote : '' -LSB- the song -RSB- reveled uncomfortably in an adolescent girl who is putting away her skateboard and baseball mitt in order to get hot and heavy with the swain portrayed by Mike -LSB- Love -RSB- . ... -LSB- it -RSB- may be the most unsettling moment in the entire recorded history of the Beach Boys . ''", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
99976
The Great Gatsby centers on a youthful person with over a million dollars.
[ { "id": "The_Great_Gatsby", "score": 0.7225856781005859, "text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922 . The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan . Considered to be Fitzgerald 's magnum opus , The Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence , idealism , resistance to change , social upheaval , and excess , creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream . Fitzgerald -- inspired by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island 's north shore -- began planning the novel in 1923 , desiring to produce , in his words , `` something new -- something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned . '' Progress was slow , with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a move to the French Riviera in 1924 . His editor , Maxwell Perkins , felt the book was vague and persuaded the author to revise over the next winter . Fitzgerald was repeatedly ambivalent about the book 's title and he considered a variety of alternatives , including titles that referenced the Roman character Trimalchio ; the title he was last documented to have desired was Under the Red , White , and Blue . First published by Scribner 's in April 1925 , The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews and sold poorly ; in its first year , the book sold only 20,000 copies . Fitzgerald died in 1940 , believing himself to be a failure and his work forgotten . However , the novel experienced a revival during World , and became a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film adaptations in the following decades . Today , The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a contender for the title `` Great American Novel . '' In 1998 , the Modern Library editorial board voted it the 20th century 's best American novel and second best English-language novel of the same time period ." } ]
[ { "id": "Nick_Carraway", "score": 0.6461304426193237, "text": "Nick Carraway is a fictional character in F. Scott Fitzgerald 's The Great Gatsby ( 1925 ) .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Gatsbys_American_Dream", "score": 0.6401425004005432, "text": "Gatsbys American Dream was an American indie rock band based in Seattle , Washington , United States . Since their founding in 2001 , they have released four full-length albums and one EP . They have also appeared on several compilations with original songs and covers . The band 's self-titled fourth album , their second on Fearless Records , peaked at number 22 on Billboard 's Top Heatseekers chart and number 28 on the Top Independent Albums chart . Although Gatsbys American Dream are often considered an indie rock band , many songs show influence from alternative rock , post-hardcore and progressive rock , making them difficult classify into a single subgenre . Their music is characterized by being relatively short , fast-paced songs containing a variety of guitar riffs and vocal melodies . The band drew their name from F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby ,", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Great_Gatsby_curve", "score": 0.635698676109314, "text": "The Great Gatsby curve is a chart plotting the ( positive ) relationship between inequality and intergenerational social immobility in several countries around the world . The curve was introduced in a 2012 speech by chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Alan Krueger , and the President 's Economic Report to Congress , using data from labor economist Miles Corak . The name was coined by former Council of Economic Advisers ( CEA ) staff economist Judd Cramer , for which he was given a bottle of wine as a reward . The curve plots `` intergenerational income elasticity '' -- i.e. the likelihood that someone will inherit their parents ' relative position of income level -- and inequality in the United States and twelve other developed countries , though some versions of the curve include developing countries . Countries with low levels of inequality such as Denmark , Norway and Finland ( all located in European Scandinavia ) had some of the greatest mobility , while the two countries with the high level of inequality -- Chile and Brazil -- had some of the lowest mobility . The name of the curve refers , somewhat ironically , to Jay Gatsby ( born Gatz ) , the character in F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby . Jay shows a high degree of mobility , rising from being a bootlegger , to leading the Long Island north shore social set . Journalist Robert Lenzner and lawyer Nripendra Chakravarthy call it `` a very frightening curve that requires policy attention . '' Krueger predicted that `` the persistence in the advantages and disadvantages of income passed from parents to the children '' will `` rise by about a quarter for the next generation as a result of the rise in inequality that the U.S. has seen in the last 25 years . '' Journalist Timothy Noah argued the effect results from growing inequality : you ca n't really experience ever-growing income inequality without experiencing a decline in Horatio Alger-style upward mobility because ( to use a frequently-employed metaphor ) it 's harder to climb a ladder when the rungs are farther apart . Another journalist argued that a connection between income inequality and low mobility could be explained by the lack of access for un-affluent children to better ( more expensive ) schools and if this enabled access to high-paying jobs ; or to differences in health care that may limit education and employment . However , some argue that the apparent connection may arise as an artifact of heterogeneous variance in ability across nations , questioning the need for intervention . It was shown that the manner in which the intergenerational income elasticity is defined , is by design associated with inequality . Harvard economist Greg Mankiw noted that `` this correlation is not particularly surprising '' , showing that comparisons of more diverse groups ( like the USA ) with less diverse groups ( like the population of Denmark ) will automatically exhibit this phenomenon even when there are in fact no differences in the processes of mobility between these groups , i.e. , the curve is an artifact of diversity . His quote : Germans are richer on average than Greeks , and that difference in income tends to persist from generation to generation . When people look at the Great Gatsby curve , they omit this fact , because the nation is the unit of analysis . But it is not obvious that the political divisions that divide people are the right ones for economic analysis . We combine the persistently rich Connecticut with the persistently poor Mississippi , so why not combine Germany with Greece ? A blog by M.S. at The Economist replied to Mankiw 's counter-argument as follows : The argument over the Great Gatsby curve is an argument about whether America 's economy is fair . With his Germany/Greece and Mississippi/Connecticut analogy , Mr Mankiw has stumbled on a very convincing point : whether you are rich or poor in Europe or America depends to a great extent not on your own qualities or efforts , but on where you happen to be born . America is not a meritocracy , Mr Mankiw is saying ; not only do those born rich tend to stay rich and vice versa , just being born in one state or another makes a huge difference to your lifelong earnings . Amazingly , he seems completely unaware that this is the case he 's just made . Economist Paul Krugman has also countered Mankiw 's arguments in his column . Carter Price of the WCEG suggests `` the line to serfdom '' as an alternative name on the grounds that it may better convey the meaning of the correlation .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "The_Great_Gatsby_(1974_film)", "score": 0.6330708265304565, "text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1974 American romantic drama film produced by Newdon Productions and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It was directed by Jack Clayton and produced by David Merrick from a screenplay by Francis Ford Coppola , and was based on F. Scott Fitzgerald 's 1925 novel of the same name . The film stars Robert Redford in the title role of Jay Gatsby , along with Mia Farrow , Sam Waterston , Bruce Dern , Karen Black , Scott Wilson and Lois Chiles , with Howard Da Silva ( who previously appeared in the 1949 version ) , Roberts Blossom and Edward Herrmann .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "The_Great_Gatsby_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6290469765663147, "text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald . The Great Gatsby may also refer to adaptations of the novel : The Great Gatsby ( 1926 film ) , a silent film starring Warner Baxter and Lois Wilson The Great Gatsby ( 1949 film ) , starring Alan Ladd and Betty Field The Great Gatsby ( 1955 ) , `` Robert Montgomery Presents '' television episode starring Robert Montgomery and Phyllis Kirk The Great Gatsby ( 1974 film ) , starring Robert Redford and Mia Farrow The Great Gatsby ( opera ) , a 1999 opera composed by John Harbison The Great Gatsby ( 2000 film ) , a TV film starring Toby Stephens , Mira Sorvino and Paul Rudd The Great Gatsby ( 2013 film ) , a Baz Luhrmann film starring Leonardo DiCaprio , Tobey Maguire and Carey Mulligan Music from Baz Luhrmann 's Film The Great Gatsby , a soundtrack album from the 2013 film", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "The_Grey_Gatsby", "score": 0.6254432797431946, "text": "The Grey Gatsby ( foaled 14 March 2011 ) is an Irish-bred , British-trained racehorse . In 2014 he established himself as one of the best colts of his generation in Europe by winning the Dante Stakes and the Prix du Jockey Club before defeating the dual Derby winner Australia in the Irish Champion Stakes . At the end of the year he was rated level with Australia and Kingman as the best three-year-old colt in the world .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Catcher_in_the_Rye", "score": 0.6250649094581604, "text": "The Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger . A controversial novel originally published for adults , it has since become popular with adolescent readers for its themes of teenage angst and alienation . It has been translated into almost all of the world 's major languages . Around 1 million copies are sold each year with total sales of more than 65 million books . The novel 's protagonist Holden Caulfield has become an icon for teenage rebellion . The novel also deals with complex issues of innocence , identity , belonging , loss , and connection . The novel was included on Times 2005 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923 and it was named by Modern Library and its readers as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century . In 2003 , it was listed at # 15 on the BBC 's survey The Big Read .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Brewster's_Millions_(play)", "score": 0.6236727237701416, "text": "Brewster 's Millions is a play written by Winchell Smith and Byron Ongley , based on the 1902 novel of the same name by George Barr McCutcheon . Producers Frederic Thompson and Elmer `` Skip '' Dundy staged it on Broadway in 1906 . The play is about a young man who must spend a million dollars that he has inherited in order to inherit many millions more .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "The_Great_Gatsby_(1926_film)", "score": 0.619276762008667, "text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by Herbert Brenon . It is the first film adaptation of the 1925 novel of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald . Warner Baxter portrayed Jay Gatsby and Lois Wilson as Daisy Buchanan . The film was produced by Famous Players-Lasky , and distributed by Paramount Pictures . The Great Gatsby is now considered lost .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "The_Great_Gatsby_(opera)", "score": 0.6160459518432617, "text": "The Great Gatsby is an opera in two acts written by American composer John Harbison . The libretto , also by Harbison , was adapted from the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald . Additional popular song lyrics were by Murray Horwitz . The opera was commissioned by the Metropolitan Opera in honor of music director James Levine 's 25th anniversary with the company .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Affluenza_(film)", "score": 0.6154502630233765, "text": "Affluenza is a 2014 American drama film directed by Kevin Asch and written by Antonio Macia . It is loosely based on The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald . It was the first leading role for actor Ben Rosenfield , and also starred Gregg Sulkin , Nicola Peltz and Grant Gustin .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "The_First_Tycoon:_The_Epic_Life_of_Cornelius_Vanderbilt", "score": 0.6143414974212646, "text": "The First Tycoon : The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt is a 2009 biography of Cornelius Vanderbilt , a 19th-century American industrialist and philanthropist who built his fortune in the shipping and railroad industries , becoming one of the wealthiest Americans in the history of the U.S. . It was written by American biographer T. J. Stiles . The book was honored with the 2009 National Book Award for Nonfiction and the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "List_of_Gilded_Age_mansions", "score": 0.6140215992927551, "text": "The so-called Gilded Age mansions were built in the United States by some of the richest people in the US history , in the period between 1870 and 1900 . Raised by the nation 's industrial , financial and commercial elite who amassed great fortunes coinciding with an era of expansion of the railroads , steel and fossil fuels industries , economic , technical and scientific progress , and a complete lack of personal income tax . This made possible the very rich to build true `` palaces '' in some cases , designed by prominent architects of its day and decorated with antiquities , furnitures , collectibles and works of art , many imported from Europe . This small group of nouveau riche , entrepreneur citizens of a relatively young country found context and meaning for their lives and good fortune by thinking of themselves as heirs of a great Western Tradition . They traced their cultural lineage from the Greeks , through the Roman Empire , to the European Renaissance . America 's upper classes and merchant classes traveled the world visiting the great European cities and the ancient sites of the Mediterranean , as part of a Grand Tour , collecting and honoring their western cultural heritage . In their travels abroad they also admired the estates of the European nobility and seeing themselves as the American `` nobility '' , they wished to emulate the old world dwellings in American soil . All these houses are `` temples '' of social ritual of 19th-century high society , they are the result of the particularization of space , in that a sequence of rooms are separated and intended for a specific sort of activity , such as dining room for gala dinners , ballroom , library , etc. . These elaborate bastions of wealth and power played a social role , made for impressing , entertaining and receiving guests . Relatively few in number and geographically dispersed , the majority were constructed in a variety of European architectural and decorative styles from different times and countries , such as France , England or Italy . In cinema , the Gilded Age society and mansions are accurately portrayed in Martin Scorsese 's The Age of Innocence ( 1993 ) , which was itself based on Edith Wharton 's 1920 novel of the same name .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "George_Remus", "score": 0.6128855347633362, "text": "George Remus ( November 14 , 1874 -- January 20 , 1952 ) was a Cincinnati lawyer and bootlegger during the Prohibition era . Remus was known to have referred to himself in the third person after his rise to power during the early days of Prohibition ; which he continued to do till his death . It has been claimed that he was the inspiration for the title character Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "The_Great_Gatsby_(2000_film)", "score": 0.6123844981193542, "text": "The Great Gatsby is a 2000 British-American romantic drama television film , based on the 1925 novel of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald . It stars Toby Stephens in the title role of Jay Gatsby , Mira Sorvino as Daisy Buchanan , Paul Rudd as Nick Carraway , Martin Donovan as Tom Buchanan , Francie Swift as Jordan Baker , Heather Goldenhersh as Myrtle Wilson and Matt Malloy as Klipspringer . The film on March 29 , 2000 .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Emma_(novel)", "score": 0.6074063181877136, "text": "Emma , by Jane Austen , is a novel about youthful hubris and the perils of misconstrued romance . The novel was first published in December 1815 . As in her other novels , Austen explores the concerns and difficulties of genteel women living in Georgian -- Regency England ; she also creates a lively comedy of manners among her characters . Before she began the novel , Austen wrote , `` I am going to take a heroine whom no one but myself will much like . '' In the first sentence , she introduces the title character as `` Emma Woodhouse , handsome , clever , and rich . '' Emma is spoiled , headstrong , and self-satisfied ; she greatly overestimates her own matchmaking abilities ; she is blind to the dangers of meddling in other people 's lives ; and her imagination and perceptions often lead her astray . This novel has been adapted for several films , many television programs , and a long list of stage plays .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_Fantastic_Children_characters", "score": 0.6069473624229431, "text": "has a large cast of characters .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Middle_Class_Millionaire", "score": 0.6030281782150269, "text": "The Middle-Class Millionaire : The Rise of the New Rich and How They are Changing America ( Doubleday ) is a book that chronicles the evolution of America 's middle-class over the last twenty years , and at how a portion of the middle-class is pulling away from the rest by amassing significant wealth . Meanwhile , their values continue to make this group an important bellwether of the middle-class mood in America .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "The_Great_Gatsby_(1949_film)", "score": 0.6030089259147644, "text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1949 American drama film directed by Elliott Nugent , and produced by Richard Maibaum , from a screenplay by Richard Maibaum and Cyril Hume . It is based on the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald . The music score was by Robert Emmett Dolan and the cinematography by John F. Seitz . The production was designed by Roland Anderson and Hans Dreier and the costumes by Edith Head . The film stars Alan Ladd , Betty Field , Macdonald Carey , Ruth Hussey , and Barry Sullivan and features Shelley Winters and Howard Da Silva , the latter of whom would later appear in the 1974 version .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Pride_and_Prejudice", "score": 0.6020554304122925, "text": "Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen , first published in 1813 . The story charts the emotional development of the protagonist , Elizabeth Bennet , who learns the error of making hasty judgements and comes to appreciate the difference between the superficial and the essential . The comedy of the writing lies in the depiction of manners , education , and marriage and money in the British Regency . Mr Bennet of the Longbourn estate has five daughters , but his property is entailed , meaning that none of the girls can inherit it . Since his wife had no fortune , it is imperative that one of the girls marries well in order to support the others on his death . However , Jane Austen 's opening line ` It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife ' is a sentence filled with irony and playfulness . The novel revolves around the necessity of marrying for love , not simply for monetary reasons and economic security , despite the social pressures to make a good ( i.e. wealthy ) match . Pride and Prejudice retains the fascination of modern readers , consistently appearing near the top of lists of `` most-loved books '' among both literary scholars and the general public . It has become one of the most popular novels in English literature , with over 20 million copies sold , and paved the way for many archetypes that abound in modern literature . Continuing interest in the book has resulted in a number of dramatic adaptations and an abundance of novels and stories imitating Austen 's memorable characters or themes . The 2005 film , Pride and Prejudice , starring Keira Knightly and Matthew Macfadyen is the most recent Hollywood adaption of the book .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
93444
Shane Black and Chris Miller wrote Iron Man 3.
[ { "id": "Iron_Man_3", "score": 0.6854637265205383, "text": "Iron Man 3 ( stylized onscreen as Iron Man Three ) is a 2013 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2008 's Iron Man and 2010 's Iron Man 2 , and the seventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . Shane Black directed a screenplay he co-wrote with Drew Pearce , which uses concepts from the `` Extremis '' story arc by Warren Ellis . The film stars Robert Downey Jr. , Gwyneth Paltrow , Don Cheadle , Guy Pearce , Rebecca Hall , Stephanie Szostak , James Badge Dale , Jon Favreau , and Ben Kingsley . In Iron Man 3 , Tony Stark deals with posttraumatic stress disorder caused by the events of The Avengers , while investigating the reemergence of the Ten Rings , led by the mysterious Mandarin and comes into a conflict with an old enemy : Aldrich Killian . After the release of Iron Man 2 in May 2010 , Favreau , who served as director , decided not to return , and in February 2011 Black was hired to write and direct the film . Black and Pearce opted to make the script more character-centric and focused on thriller elements . Throughout April and May 2012 , the film 's supporting cast was filled out , with Kingsley , Pearce , and Hall brought in to portray key roles . Filming began on May 23 , and lasted through December 17 , 2012 , primarily at EUE/Screen Gems Studios in Wilmington , North Carolina . Additional shooting took place at various locations around North Carolina , as well as Florida , China , and Los Angeles . The visual effects were handled by 17 companies , including Scanline VFX , Digital Domain , and Weta Digital . The film was converted to 3D in post-production . Iron Man 3 premiered at Le Grand Rex in Paris on April 14 , 2013 . It began its release on April 25 , 2013 , internationally , and debuted in the United States one week later on May 3 . The film received generally positive reviews and was commercially successful , grossing over $ 1.2 billion worldwide , the second highest-grossing film of 2013 overall , and the second-highest-grossing film at the domestic box office released in 2013 . It became the sixteenth film to gross over $ 1 billion and the 5th-highest-grossing film of all time , with its opening weekend ranking as the 6th-highest-grossing opening of all time . The film also received a nomination for Academy Award in the category of Best Visual Effects , and received another nomination for BAFTA Award in the same category ." } ]
[ { "id": "Iron_Man_(2008_film)", "score": 0.6355196237564087, "text": "Iron Man is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the first film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was directed by Jon Favreau , with a screenplay by Mark Fergus & Hawk Ostby and Art Marcum & Matt Holloway . It stars Robert Downey Jr. , Terrence Howard , Jeff Bridges , Shaun Toub and Gwyneth Paltrow . In Iron Man , Tony Stark , an industrialist and master engineer , builds a powered exoskeleton and becomes the technologically advanced superhero Iron Man . The film had been in development since 1990 at Universal Pictures , 20th Century Fox , or New Line Cinema at various times , before Marvel Studios reacquired the rights in 2006 . Marvel put the project in production as its first self-financed film , with Paramount Pictures as its distributor . Favreau signed on as director , aiming for a naturalistic feel , and he chose to shoot the film primarily in California , rejecting the East Coast setting of the comics to differentiate the film from numerous superhero films set in New York City-esque environments . Filming began in March 2007 and concluded in June . During filming , the actors were free to create their own dialogue because pre-production was focused on the story and action . Rubber and metal versions of the armors , created by Stan Winston 's company , were mixed with computer-generated imagery to create the title character . Iron Man premiered in Sydney on April 14 , 2008 , and was released in theaters on May 2 , 2008 . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 585 million and garnering widespread critical acclaim . Downey 's performance as Tony Stark was particularly praised . The American Film Institute selected the film as one of the ten best of the year . It was also nominated for two Academy Awards for the Best Sound Editing and the Best Visual Effects . Two sequels , Iron Man 2 and Iron Man 3 , were released on May 7 , 2010 , and May 3 , 2013 , respectively .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Drew_Pearce", "score": 0.6295050382614136, "text": "Drew Pearce ( born 24 August 1975 ) is a British film writer , director and producer . He is best known for co-writing Iron Man 3 , and writing the story to Mission : Impossible -- Rogue Nation .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Men_in_Black_3", "score": 0.6246286034584045, "text": "Men in Black 3 ( alternatively known as Men in Black III and stylized as MIB ³ ) is a 2012 American 3D comic science fiction-action film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld and starring Will Smith , Tommy Lee Jones and Josh Brolin . It is the third installment in the Men in Black film series based on Lowell Cunningham 's The Men in Black comic book series published by Marvel and Malibu Comics . It was released fifteen years after the original Men in Black ( 1997 ) and ten years after the first sequel , Men in Black II ( 2002 ) . Sonnenfeld and Steven Spielberg returned as director and executive producer , respectively . In the film , Boris the Animal , an old enemy of Agent K , escapes from prison and goes back in time to kill the younger K in order to allow his species , a ruthless alien race known as Boglodites , to attack Earth . This forces Agent J to go back in time and team up with K 's younger counterpart on a mission to save his partner and the world . Men in Black 3 was released on May 25 , 2012 and grossed over $ 624 million worldwide . Unadjusted for inflation , it is the highest-grossing film in the series .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Iron_Man_2", "score": 0.5897594094276428, "text": "Iron Man 2 is a 2010 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the sequel to 2008 's Iron Man , and is the third film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . Directed by Jon Favreau and written by Justin Theroux , the film stars Robert Downey Jr. , Gwyneth Paltrow , Don Cheadle , Scarlett Johansson , Sam Rockwell , Mickey Rourke , and Samuel L. Jackson . Six months after the events of Iron Man , Tony Stark is resisting calls by the United States government to hand over the Iron Man technology while also combating his declining health from the arc reactor in his chest . Meanwhile , rogue Russian scientist Ivan Vanko has developed the same technology and built weapons of his own in order to pursue a vendetta against the Stark family , in the process joining forces with Stark 's business rival , Justin Hammer . Following the successful release of Iron Man in May 2008 , Marvel Studios announced and immediately set to work on producing a sequel . In July of that same year Theroux was hired to write the script , and Favreau was signed to return and direct . Downey , Paltrow and Jackson were set to reprise their roles from Iron Man , while Cheadle was brought in to replace Terrence Howard in the role of James Rhodes . In the early months of 2009 , Rourke , Rockwell and Johansson filled out the supporting cast , and filming took place from April to July of that year . Like its predecessor the film was shot mostly in California , except for a key sequence in Monaco . Iron Man 2 premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on April 26 , 2010 , and was released internationally between April 28 and May 7 before releasing in the U.S. on May 7 , 2010 . The film received generally positive reviews and was commercially successful , grossing over $ 623.9 million at the worldwide box office . The DVD and Blu-ray were released on September 28 , 2010 . The third installment of the Iron Man series , Iron Man 3 , was released on May 3 , 2013 .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Iron_Man_3_(soundtrack)", "score": 0.5800902843475342, "text": "Iron Man 3 ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ) is the film score for the Marvel Studios film , Iron Man 3 by Brian Tyler , released on April 30 , 2013 . A separate soundtrack and concept album titled , Iron Man 3 : Heroes Fall ( Music Inspired by the Motion Picture ) by various artists was released on the same date by Hollywood Records and Marvel Music .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Iron_Man_in_other_media", "score": 0.5787265300750732, "text": "The Marvel Comics character Iron Man has appeared in various other media since the character 's debut in Tales of Suspense # 39 ( March 1963 ) . Iron Man has been the focus of three animated series and a direct-to-DVD animated feature . Three live-action Iron Man feature films starring Robert Downey , Jr. in the title role have been released since 2008 with Downey also appearing as the character in The Incredible Hulk in 2008 , Marvel 's The Avengers in 2012 , Avengers : Age of Ultron in 2015 , and the Captain America : Civil War in 2016 as well as upcoming Spider-Man : Homecoming in 2017 .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Iron_Man_(video_game)", "score": 0.5754386186599731, "text": "Iron Man is a 2008 video game based on the film of the same name as well as the classic iterations of the character . It was released on May 2 , 2008 to coincide with the release of the film in cinemas . The game is published by Sega , and was released on PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 ( developed by Secret Level ) , PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable , Nintendo DS , Wii , Microsoft Windows ( developed by Artificial Mind and Movement ) and Mobile platforms . The enemies are Advanced Idea Mechanics , the Maggia and the Ten Rings terrorist group . The supervillains in the game includes Blacklash , Controller , Titanium Man , Melter , and Iron Monger . A significant feature has Robert Downey , Jr. , Terrence Howard and Shaun Toub reprising their roles from the film .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Chris_Black_(screenwriter)", "score": 0.5751379132270813, "text": "Chris Black is a screenwriter and television producer , from Toledo , Ohio , notable for writing and producing mainly science fiction and action series , although he also was a part of the production team of the comedy-drama Desperate Housewives during its first two seasons . Black has produced and wrote episodes of Cleopatra 2525 , The Huntress , Sliders , Star Trek : Enterprise , Hawaii and Standoff . In addition , he has written episodes of several other shows , including Weird Science , Xena : Warrior Princess and Vanished . He also co-wrote the 1997 action movie Masterminds , starring Patrick Stewart .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Iron_Man", "score": 0.5736367702484131, "text": "Iron Man ( Anthony Edward `` Tony '' Stark ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character was created by writer and editor Stan Lee , developed by scripter Larry Lieber , and designed by artists Don Heck and Jack Kirby . The character made his first appearance in Tales of Suspense # 39 ( cover dated March 1963 ) . A wealthy American business magnate , playboy , and ingenious engineer , Tony Stark suffers a severe chest injury during a kidnapping in which his captors attempt to force him to build a weapon of mass destruction . He instead creates a powered suit of armor to save his life and escape captivity . Later , Stark augments his suit with weapons and other technological devices he designed through his company , Stark Industries . He uses the suit and successive versions to protect the world as Iron Man , while at first concealing his true identity . Initially , Iron Man was a vehicle for Stan Lee to explore Cold War themes , particularly the role of American technology and business in the fight against communism . Subsequent re-imaginings of Iron Man have transitioned from Cold War themes to contemporary concerns , such as corporate crime and terrorism . Throughout most of the character 's publication history , Iron Man has been a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers and has been featured in several incarnations of his own various comic book series . Iron Man has been adapted for several animated TV shows and films . The character is portrayed by Robert Downey Jr. in the live action film Iron Man ( 2008 ) , which was a critical and box office success . Downey , who received much acclaim for his performance , reprised the role in a cameo in The Incredible Hulk ( 2008 ) , two Iron Man sequels Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) and Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) , The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , and Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) , and will do so again in Spider-Man : Homecoming ( 2017 ) as well as Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) and its untitled sequel ( 2019 ) in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . Iron Man was ranked 12th on IGN 's `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes '' in 2011 , and third in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Men_in_Black_(film_series)", "score": 0.5732969045639038, "text": "Men in Black is a series of American comic science fiction action spy films directed by Barry Sonnenfeld , and based on Malibu / Marvel comic book series The Men in Black by Lowell Cunningham . The first film , Men in Black , was released in 1997 , the second film , Men in Black II , in 2002 , and the third film , Men in Black 3 was released in 2012 . Amblin Entertainment and MacDonald/Parkes Productions produced all three films and distributed through Columbia Pictures .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Art_Marcum_and_Matt_Holloway", "score": 0.5720969438552856, "text": "Art Marcum and Matt Holloway are an American screenwriting duo , best known for writing the scripts of Iron Man and Punisher : War Zone .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Christopher_Markus_and_Stephen_McFeely", "score": 0.5689976811408997, "text": "Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely are a duo of American screenwriters and producers . They are known for their work in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , having written the three Captain America films ( The First Avenger , The Winter Soldier , and Civil War ) , Thor : The Dark World , and will be writing Avengers : Infinity War and its untitled sequel ; and having created the Agent Carter TV series . They are also the screenwriters of The Chronicles of Narnia film franchise . They made their screenwriting debut in 2004 with The Life and Death of Peter Sellers , for which they won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries , Movie or a Dramatic Special . They also wrote the films You Kill Me and Pain & Gain .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "List_of_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe_film_actors", "score": 0.567328155040741, "text": "The Marvel Cinematic Universe is a media franchise and shared fictional universe that is the setting of superhero films independently produced by Marvel Studios , based on characters that appear in Marvel Comics publications . Phase One of the franchise includes five films , featuring four different superhero properties , leading up to a crossover in the 2012 film Marvel 's The Avengers . The franchise 's Phase Two features three sequel films to properties that appeared in Phase One , as well as two new film properties , and the crossover Avengers : Age of Ultron , which released in 2015 . Phase Three will feature four sequel films to previous properties , and four new film properties , as well as the two-part crossover event Avengers : Infinity War and its untitled sequel . As the franchise is composed of films adapted from a variety of Marvel Comics properties , there are multiple lead actors : Robert Downey , Jr. stars as Tony Stark / Iron Man in the films Iron Man ( 2008 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , and Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) ; Chris Hemsworth plays Thor in Thor ( 2011 ) , Thor : The Dark World ( 2013 ) , and Thor : Ragnarok ( 2017 ) ; and Chris Evans portrays Steve Rogers / Captain America in Captain America : The First Avenger ( 2011 ) , Captain America : The Winter Soldier ( 2014 ) , and again in Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) , where he is joined by Downey as Stark . All three actors star in The Avengers ( 2012 ) , and reprise their roles in Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) , and the untitled Avengers sequel ( 2019 ) . Edward Norton headlined The Incredible Hulk ( 2008 ) , playing Bruce Banner / Hulk , but did not reprise the role in the Avengers films , being replaced by Mark Ruffalo . Ruffalo also stars in Thor : Ragnarok . Chris Pratt portrays the lead character , Peter Quill / Star-Lord , in Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) , and returns for its sequel , Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 ( 2017 ) , while Paul Rudd and Michael Douglas star as Scott Lang / Ant-Man and Hank Pym / Ant-Man , respectively , in Ant-Man ( 2015 ) ; Rudd also stars in Captain America : Civil War . Benedict Cumberbatch portrays Stephen Strange in Doctor Strange ( 2016 ) , while Tom Holland portrays Peter Parker / Spider-Man in Spider-Man : Homecoming ( 2017 ) and Chadwick Boseman portrays T'Challa / Black Panther in Black Panther ( 2018 ) , after both first appearing in Captain America : Civil War . Downey joins Holland in Spider-Man : Homecoming , while Cumberbatch joins Hemsworth in Thor : Ragnarok . Evangeline Lilly will rejoin Rudd and Douglas from Ant-Man as Hope van Dyne / Wasp in Ant-Man and the Wasp ( 2018 ) , and Brie Larson will portray Carol Danvers / Captain Marvel in Captain Marvel ( 2019 ) . Pratt , Cumberbatch and Holland also appear in Avengers : Infinity War and its untitled sequel , with Lilly also appearing in its sequel . Samuel L. Jackson had cameo and supporting appearances as Nick Fury in several of the early films in the franchise , before co-starring in The Avengers . Other cast members who recur across multiple films and series within the franchise include Hayley Atwell , Paul Bettany , Don Cheadle , Idris Elba , Jon Favreau , Tom Hiddleston , William Hurt , Scarlett Johansson , Anthony Mackie , Elizabeth Olsen , Gwyneth Paltrow , Jeremy Renner , Stellan Skarsgård , Cobie Smulders and Sebastian Stan . The list below is sorted by film and the character 's surname , as some characters have been portrayed by multiple actors . All characters that have made appearances in other MCU media , such as the short films , television series , and the digital series WHIH Newsfront and Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot , are noted .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Dan_Sudick", "score": 0.5649092793464661, "text": "Dan Sudick is a special effects supervisor . Sudick and his fellow visual effects artists were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for the 2008 film Iron Man , the 2013 film Iron Man 3 and the 2014 film Captain America : The Winter Soldier .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Iron_Man_(Canadian_comics)", "score": 0.5595149397850037, "text": "Iron Man is a Canadian fictional character , created by cartoonist Vernon Miller for Maple Leaf Publishing . A superhero , the character 's debut was in the first issue of Better Comics in March 1941 , a colour title , unlike most of the other Canadian comic books at the time which were printed in black-and-white and known as `` Canadian Whites '' . Although he lacked a distinct Canadian identity , Iron Man was the first Canadian superhero and , like many comic book heroes of the time , he fought against the Nazis . He predates the better-known Marvel Comics character by 22 years and bears no likeness to that Iron Man . Superficially , he better resembles the amphibious Namor , the Sub-Mariner , who debuted two years earlier .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Men_in_Black_(film)", "score": 0.5575039386749268, "text": "Men in Black is a 1997 American science fiction action comedy film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld and produced by Walter F. Parkes and Laurie MacDonald . Loosely adapted from The Men in Black comic book series created by Lowell Cunningham and Sandy Carruthers , the film stars Tommy Lee Jones and Will Smith as two agents of a secret organization called the Men in Black , who supervise extraterrestrial lifeforms who live on Earth and hide their existence from ordinary humans . The film featured the creature effects and makeup of Rick Baker and visual effects by Industrial Light & Magic . The film was released on July 2 , 1997 , by Columbia Pictures , and grossed over $ 589.3 million worldwide against a $ 90 million budget , becoming the year 's third highest-grossing film , with an estimated 54,616,700 tickets sold in the US . It received worldwide acclaim , with critics highly praising its witty , sophisticated humor , Jones and Smith 's performances , and Danny Elfman 's musical score . The film received three Academy Award nominations for Best Art Direction , Best Original Score , and Best Makeup , winning the latter award . The film spawned two sequels , Men in Black II ( 2002 ) and Men in Black 3 ( 2012 ) , as well as an animated series . A reboot of the film series has been discussed and is in development .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Extremis", "score": 0.5501388907432556, "text": "Extremis is a six-issue story arc from the comic book series Iron Man ( vol . 4 ) , published in issues one through six in 2005 and 2006 by Marvel Comics . It was written by Warren Ellis and illustrated by Adi Granov . Extremis redefines the status quo for Iron Man , increasing the power of his armor significantly . Extremis received mostly positive reviews , and is often listed as one of the best Iron Man stories . Elements of Extremis were adapted for the 2008 film Iron Man , and the Iron Man : Armored Adventures episode Extremis , and the storyline serves as the primary source material for the 2013 film Iron Man 3 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Shane_Mahan", "score": 0.5495434999465942, "text": "Shane Patrick Mahan ( born September 22 , 1964 ) is an American special effects creator and creature designer and puppeteer and producer known for his work in special effects , creature concept design and for creating the bodysuits and effects for the characters in Avengers , Iron Man in the 2008 film of the same name . and several other award winning and Oscar nominated movies including Pacific Rim and recently the live action version of Disney 's Jungle Book .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Spider-Man_3", "score": 0.5492750406265259, "text": "Spider-Man 3 is a 2007 American superhero film produced by Marvel Studios , and distributed by Columbia Pictures based on the fictional Marvel Comics character Spider-Man . It was directed by Sam Raimi and scripted by Sam Raimi , Ivan Raimi and Alvin Sargent . It is the final film in Raimi 's Spider-Man film trilogy and the sequel to Spider-Man ( 2002 ) and Spider-Man 2 ( 2004 ) . The film stars Tobey Maguire , Kirsten Dunst , James Franco , Thomas Haden Church , Topher Grace , Bryce Dallas Howard , Rosemary Harris , J. K. Simmons , James Cromwell and Cliff Robertson in his final acting appearance before his death in 2011 . Following the events of Spider-Man 2 , Peter Parker has become a cultural phenomenon as Spider-Man , while Mary Jane Watson continues her Broadway career . Harry Osborn still seeks vengeance for his father 's death , and an escaped Flint Marko falls into a particle accelerator and is transformed into a shape-shifting sand manipulator . An extraterrestrial symbiote crashes to Earth and bonds with Peter , influencing his behavior for the worse . Development of Spider-Man 3 began immediately after the release of Spider-Man 2 for a 2007 release . During pre-production , Raimi originally wanted another villain to be included along with Sandman , but at the request of producer Avi Arad he added Venom , and the producers also requested the addition of Gwen Stacy . Principal photography for the film began in January 2006 , and took place in Los Angeles and Cleveland , before moving to New York City from May until July 2006 . Additional pick-up shots were made after August and the film wrapped in October 2006 . During post-production , Sony Pictures Imageworks created 900 visual effects shots . Spider-Man 3 premiered on April 16 , 2007 in Tokyo , and was released in the United States in both conventional and IMAX theaters on May 4 , 2007 . The film grossed $ 890.9 million worldwide , making it the most successful film of the trilogy financially and the second film in the franchise that was released on IMAX . A fourth film titled Spider-Man 4 was set to be released on May 6 , 2011 , but was canceled in favor of a reboot , The Amazing Spider-Man , released in 2012 .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Thor_(film)", "score": 0.5460949540138245, "text": "Thor is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the fourth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was directed by Kenneth Branagh , written by Ashley Edward Miller & Zack Stentz and Don Payne , and stars Chris Hemsworth , Natalie Portman , Tom Hiddleston , Stellan Skarsgård , Colm Feore , Ray Stevenson , Idris Elba , Kat Dennings , Rene Russo and Anthony Hopkins . The film sees Thor , the crown prince of Asgard , banished to Earth and stripped of his powers after he reignites a dormant war . As his brother , Loki , plots to take the throne for himself , Thor must prove himself worthy and reclaim his hammer Mjolnir . Sam Raimi first developed the concept of a film adaptation of Thor in 1991 , but soon abandoned the project , leaving it in `` development hell '' for several years . During this time , the rights were picked up by various film studios until Marvel Studios signed Mark Protosevich to develop the project in 2006 , and planned to finance it and release it through Paramount Pictures . Matthew Vaughn was originally assigned to direct the film for a tentative 2010 release . However , after Vaughn was released from his holding deal in 2008 , Branagh was approached and the film 's release was rescheduled into 2011 . The main characters were cast in 2009 , and principal photography took place in California and New Mexico from January to May 2010 . The film was converted to 3D in post-production . Thor premiered on April 17 , 2011 , in Sydney , Australia and was released on May 6 , 2011 , in the United States . The film was a financial success and received positive reviews from film critics . The DVD and Blu-ray sets were released on September 13 , 2011 . A sequel , Thor : The Dark World , was released on November 8 , 2013 . A third film , Thor : Ragnarok is set to be released on November 3 , 2017 .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
181753
La La Anthony was conceived on June 25th, 1979.
[ { "id": "La_La_Anthony", "score": 0.6632519364356995, "text": "Alani Nicole `` La La '' Anthony ( née Vázquez ; born June 25 , 1979 ) is a television personality , New York Times best-selling author , business woman , producer and actress . In the early 2000s , La La came to prominence as an MTV VJ on Total Request Live . La La can be seen in the Starz original drama series , Power , executive produced by 50 Cent and starring Omari Hardwick and Naturi Naughton . In 2014 La La reprised her role as Sonia in the film Think Like a Man Too and in 2015 appeared in November Rule and Destined . In 2004 La La began dating NBA player Carmelo Anthony and they were married by Michael Eric Dyson on July 10 , 2010 at Cipriani 's in New York City before 320 guests . The ceremony was filmed by VH1 and aired as part of a reality series on the couple , titled La La 's Full Court Wedding . La La and Carmelo Anthony 's son , Kiyan Carmelo Anthony , was born on March 7 , 2007 ." } ]
[ { "id": "La_La's_Full_Court_Life", "score": 0.6111280918121338, "text": "La La 's Full Court Life is an American reality television series on VH1 . The series debuted on August 22 , 2011 , and is the follow up series to La La 's Full Court Wedding . La La 's Full Court Life chronicles the life of Alani Vasquez aka La La as she experiences married life with the professional basketball player Carmelo Anthony , evolving from being the fiancée of a basketball player to being a basketball wife and how she manages her life while keeping her career in check .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Se_La", "score": 0.5903553366661072, "text": "`` Se La '' is a track from Lionel Richie 's 1986 album Dancing on the Ceiling . The song was written by Richie and Greg Phillinganes , and produced by Richie and James Anthony Carmichael . It was released in 1987 as the final single from the album , and was Richie 's last single of the 1980s .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Eldie_Anthony", "score": 0.5787426829338074, "text": "Eldie Anthony ( born Elexcian Eldemire ) on January 28 , 1984 was born and raised in Kingston , Jamaica . He began singing at a young age yet in 2004 he decided to dedicate his life to a career in music . He began working with various composers and producers .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "El_Cantante", "score": 0.5785180330276489, "text": "El Cantante is a 2006 biographical film which stars singers Marc Anthony and Jennifer Lopez . The film is based on the life of the late salsa singer Héctor Lavoe , who is portrayed by Anthony . The film is told from the viewpoint of Puchi , Hector 's wife , portrayed by Lopez . Initially debuting at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 12 , 2006 , El Cantante was released on August 3 , 2007 . Distributed by Picturehouse , the film runs for 106 minutes and is rated R for language , sexuality and drug use .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "La_La_Means_I_Love_You_(album)", "score": 0.5617949962615967, "text": "La La Means I Love You is the 1968 debut album by American R&B / Soul vocal group The Delfonics , released on May 14 , 1968 on the Philly Groove label . The album was produced by Thom Bell and consists of a mixture of original songs written by Bell and lead singer William Hart , and cover versions of already well-known songs . The celebrated title track was a # 4 pop hit , and `` I 'm Sorry '' and `` Break Your Promise '' also charted . With its lush , smooth orchestral sound and production , La La Means I Love You is now considered a classic soul album and one of the most important and influential records in the development of the nascent Philadelphia soul sound which would come to dominate the commercial soul music market in the early and mid -- 1970s .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Marc_Anthony", "score": 0.5597085952758789, "text": "Marco Antonio Muñiz ( born September 16 , 1968 ) , known professionally as Marc Anthony , is an American singer , songwriter , actor , record producer and television producer . Anthony is also the top selling tropical salsa artist of all time . The two-time Grammy Award and five-time Latin Grammy Award winner has sold more than 12 million albums worldwide . He is best known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads . Anthony has won numerous awards and his achievements have been honored through various recognitions . He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute ( CHCI ) Chair 's Award . He also received the `` 2009 CHCI Chair 's Lifetime Achievement Award '' on September 16 , 2009 . He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling tropical/salsa artist and the most number-one albums on the Billboard Tropical Albums year-end charts .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "La_La_La", "score": 0.5593512058258057, "text": "La La La may refer to :", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Linear_Arithmetic_synthesis", "score": 0.5587561130523682, "text": "Linear Arithmetic synthesis , or LA synthesis , is a term invented by the Roland Corporation when they released their D-50 synthesizer in 1987 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Ooh,_La,_La", "score": 0.5573728084564209, "text": "Ooh , La , La is the debut and only studio album by American singer , Suzi Lane , released in 1979 through Elektra Records .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "La-La_(Means_I_Love_You)", "score": 0.5569236278533936, "text": "`` La-La Means I Love You '' is a R&B / Soul song by American vocal group The Delfonics . Released on January 26 , 1968 by Philly Groove Records , The song was written by Thom Bell and William Hart and produced by Bell and Stan Watson .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Al_Anthony", "score": 0.5523250699043274, "text": "Al Anthony ( born Almondo Antonio Vincenzo Fiori in Endicott , New York ) is an American former Los Angeles radio personality and pioneer rock and roll DJ . Anthony was most well known as a disc jockey for KAFY 550 AM in Bakersfield , California during the 1950s and later at KFXM 590 AM ( KDUO-FM ) in San Bernardino , California during the 1960s , where he was also the station 's Director of Operations . Later , he was Executive Vice President of the Tullis & Hearne California chain of broadcasting stations . In 1958 and 1959 , Anthony was the top rated DJ in the United States .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "O'Kelly_Isley_Jr.", "score": 0.5522271394729614, "text": "O'Kelly `` Kelly '' Isley Jr. ( December 25 , 1937 -- March 31 , 1986 ) was an American singer and one of the founding members of the family group The Isley Brothers .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Ariel_Pink_discography", "score": 0.5501428246498108, "text": "Ariel Pink ( born Ariel Marcus Rosenberg on June 24 , 1978 ) is a Los Angeles-based indie artist and musician . Pink boasts a cult following and endorsements from more widely known artists such as fellow founding Paw Tracks group Animal Collective .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Blaque_(album)", "score": 0.5496596693992615, "text": "Blaque ( internationally nicknamed Blaque Ivory ) is the self-titled debut album from American girl-group of the same name . Producing two singles ( `` 808 '' , `` Bring It All to Me '' ) , the album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on April 10 , 2000 . and has sold 1.5 million copies to date .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Mark_Anthony_Fernandez", "score": 0.5467323064804077, "text": "Mark Anthony Lacsamana Fernandez ( born January 18 , 1979 ) is a Filipino actor . He is the son of Rudy Fernandez and Alma Moreno .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Prince_Markie_Dee", "score": 0.5460233688354492, "text": "Mark Anthony Morales ( born February 19 , 1968 ) , better known by the stage name Prince Markie Dee , is an American rapper , songwriter , producer , and radio personality of Puerto Rican descent . He is a member of The Fat Boys , a pioneering rap group that gained fame in the 1980s , and has recently reformed .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Larry_\"Jazz\"_Anthony", "score": 0.5443757772445679, "text": "Jazz ( born Larry Eugene Anthony , Jr. on April 23 , 1977 in Baltimore , Maryland ) is an African-American R&B singer , songwriter , and Dancer . He is best known as a member of the successful R&B group Dru Hill , serving as second lead singer for the group .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "808_(song)", "score": 0.5443233847618103, "text": "`` 808 '' is an R&B song released in 1999 by American R&B girl group , Blaque . `` 808 '' was released as the lead single from Blaque 's self-titled debut album Blaque . `` 808 '' was a success in the United States becoming the group 's first top ten hit peaking at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and top five peaking at number four on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles . The music video has cameo appearances by R. Kelly ( who wrote and produced the song ) and TLC member Lisa Lopes . The lyrics reference the Roland TR-808 drum machine .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "J.Lo_by_Jennifer_Lopez", "score": 0.5439492464065552, "text": "J.Lo by Jennifer Lopez is an American lifestyle brand founded by Jennifer Lopez in 2001 . The line became a large success in the United States and international markets .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "La_La's_Full_Court_Wedding", "score": 0.5436980128288269, "text": "La La 's Full Court Wedding is an American reality documentary television series on VH1 . The series debuted on September 19 , 2010 . A spin-off of the series , La La 's Full Court Life , it follows the couple 's married life .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
155975
Led Zeppelin is a band.
[ { "id": "Led_Zeppelin", "score": 0.8469670414924622, "text": "Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968 . The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page , singer Robert Plant , bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones , and drummer John Bonham . The band 's heavy , guitar-driven sound , rooted in blues and psychedelia on their early albums , has earned them recognition as one of the progenitors of heavy metal , though their unique style drew from a wide variety of influences , including folk music . After changing their name from the New Yardbirds , Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom . Although the group was initially unpopular with critics , they achieved significant commercial success with albums such as Led Zeppelin ( 1969 ) , Led Zeppelin II ( 1969 ) , Led Zeppelin III ( 1970 ) , Led Zeppelin IV ( 1971 ) , Houses of the Holy ( 1973 ) , and Physical Graffiti ( 1975 ) . Their fourth album , which features the track `` Stairway to Heaven '' , is among the most popular and influential works in rock music , and it helped to secure the group 's popularity . Page wrote most of Led Zeppelin 's music , particularly early in their career , while Plant generally supplied the lyrics . Jones ' keyboard-based compositions later became central to the group 's catalogue , which featured increasing experimentation . The latter half of their career saw a series of record-breaking tours that earned the group a reputation for excess and debauchery . Although they remained commercially and critically successful , their output and touring schedule were limited during the late 1970s , and the group disbanded following Bonham 's death from alcohol-related asphyxia in 1980 . In the decades that followed , the surviving members sporadically collaborated and participated in one-off Led Zeppelin reunions . The most successful of these was the 2007 Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert in London , with Jason Bonham taking his late father 's place behind the drums . Led Zeppelin are widely considered one of the most successful , innovative , and influential rock groups in history . They are one of the best-selling music artists in the history of audio recording ; various sources estimate the group 's record sales at 200 to 300 million units worldwide . With RIAA-certified sales of 111.5 million units , they are the second-best-selling band in the US . Each of their nine studio albums placed in the top 10 of the Billboard album chart and six reached the number-one spot . They achieved eight consecutive UK number-one albums . Rolling Stone magazine described them as `` the heaviest band of all time '' , `` the biggest band of the Seventies '' , and `` unquestionably one of the most enduring bands in rock history '' . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995 ; the museum 's biography of the band states that they were `` as influential '' during the 1970s as the Beatles were during the 1960s ." }, { "id": "Ahmet_Ertegun_Tribute_Concert", "score": 0.6048974394798279, "text": "The Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert was a benefit concert held in memory of music executive Ahmet Ertegün at the O2 Arena in London on December 10 , 2007 . The headline act was the English rock band , Led Zeppelin , who performed their first full-length concert since the death of drummer John Bonham in 1980 , in a one-off reunion . Bonham 's son Jason Bonham played drums during the band 's set , and also provided backing vocals on two songs . According to Guinness World Records 2009 , the concert holds the world record for the `` Highest Demand for Tickets for One Music Concert '' as 20 million requests for the reunion show were rendered online . In October 2012 , Celebration Day , a concert film documenting the event , was released . Both the film and performance by Led Zeppelin have been highly acclaimed . A shortened version of the concert was broadcast by the BBC in the UK on 8 December 2012 ." }, { "id": "Stairway_to_Heaven", "score": 0.6886485815048218, "text": "`` Stairway to Heaven '' is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin , released in late 1971 . It was composed by guitarist Jimmy Page and vocalist Robert Plant for the band 's untitled fourth studio album ( often called Led Zeppelin IV ) . It is often referred to as one of the greatest rock songs of all time . The song has three sections , each one progressively increasing in tempo and volume . The song begins in a slow tempo with acoustic instruments ( guitar and recorders ) before introducing electric instruments . The final section is an uptempo hard rock arrangement highlighted by Page 's intricate guitar solo accompanying Plant 's vocals that end with the plaintive a cappella line : `` And she 's buying a stairway to heaven . '' `` Stairway to Heaven '' was voted number three in 2000 by VH1 on its list of the 100 Greatest Rock Songs , and was placed at number 31 on `` Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' . It was the most requested song on FM radio stations in the United States in the 1970s , despite never having been commercially released as a single there . In November 2007 , through download sales promoting Led Zeppelin 's Mothership release , `` Stairway to Heaven '' hit number 37 on the UK Singles Chart ." }, { "id": "The_Yardbirds", "score": 0.6743710041046143, "text": "The Yardbirds are an English rock band formed in London in 1963 that had a string of hits during the mid-1960s , including `` For Your Love '' , `` Heart Full of Soul '' , `` Shapes of Things '' and `` Over Under Sideways Down '' . The group launched the careers of guitarists Eric Clapton , Jimmy Page and Jeff Beck , all of whom ranked in the top five of Rolling Stone magazine 's list of 100 greatest guitarists . A blues-based band noted for their signature `` rave-up '' instrumental breaks , the Yardbirds broadened their range into pop , pioneering psychedelic rock and early hard rock ; and contributed to many electric guitar innovations of the mid-1960s , such as feedback , distortion and `` fuzztone '' . The bulk of the band 's most successful self-written songs came from vocalist and harmonica player Keith Relf , drummer Jim McCarty and bassist and producer Paul Samwell-Smith , who , with rhythm guitarist and bassist Chris Dreja , constituted the core of the group . The band 's influence on both the music of the times and genres to come was great , and they inspired a host of imitators such as the Count Five and The Shadows of Knight . Rock critics and historians credit the Yardbirds with heavily contributing , if not inventing , `` the birth of psychedelic music `` and sowing the seeds of punk rock , progressive rock and heavy metal , among other genres . After the Yardbirds broke up in 1968 , lead guitarist Jimmy Page founded what became Led Zeppelin , while Relf and McCarty formed the symphonic rock group Renaissance . The Yardbirds reformed in the 1990s , featuring McCarty , Dreja and new members . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 . They were included in Rolling Stone 's list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' , and ranked No. 37 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock ." }, { "id": "Led_Zeppelin_concerts", "score": 0.7825835943222046, "text": "From September 1968 until the summer of 1980 , English rock band Led Zeppelin were the world 's most popular live music attraction , performing hundreds of sold-out concerts around the world ." } ]
[ { "id": "Journey_(band)", "score": 0.683381199836731, "text": "Journey is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1973 , composed of former members of Santana and Frumious Bandersnatch . The band has gone through several phases ; its strongest commercial success occurred between 1978 and 1987 . During that period , the band released a series of hit songs , including `` Do n't Stop Believin ' ( 1981 ) , which in 2009 became the top-selling track in iTunes history among songs not released in the 21st century . Its parent studio album , Escape , the band 's eighth and most successful , reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and yielded another of their most popular singles , `` Open Arms '' . Its 1983 follow-up album , Frontiers , was almost as successful in the United States , reaching No. 2 and spawning several successful singles ; it broadened the band 's appeal in the United Kingdom , where it reached No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart . Journey enjoyed a successful reunion in the mid-1990s and later regrouped with a series of lead singers . Sales have resulted in two Gold albums , eight multi-platinum albums , and two diamond albums ( including seven consecutive multi-platinum albums between 1978 and 1987 ) . They have had eighteen Top 40 singles in the U.S. ( the second most without a Billboard Hot 100 number one single behind Electric Light Orchestra with 20 ) , six of which reached the Top 10 of the US chart and two of which reached No. 1 on other Billboard charts , and a No. 6 hit on the UK Singles Chart in `` Do n't Stop Believin . In 2005 , `` Do n't Stop Believin reached No. 3 on iTunes downloads . Originally a progressive rock band , Journey was described by AllMusic as having cemented a reputation as `` one of America 's most beloved ( and sometimes hated ) commercial rock/pop bands '' by 1978 , when they redefined their sound by embracing pop arrangements on their fourth album , Infinity . According to the Recording Industry Association of America , Journey has sold 48 million albums in the U.S. , making them the 25th best-selling band . Their worldwide sales have reached close to 90 million records , making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time . A 2005 USA Today opinion poll named Journey the fifth-best American rock band in history . Their songs have become arena rock staples and are still played on rock radio stations across the world . Journey ranks No. 96 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . Journey was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the class of 2017 . Inductees included lead singer Steve Perry , guitarist Neal Schon , keyboardists Jonathan Cain and Gregg Rolie , bassist Ross Valory , and drummers Aynsley Dunbar and Steve Smith .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Robert_Plant", "score": 0.6832002997398376, "text": "Robert Anthony Plant , ( born 20 August 1948 ) is an English singer , songwriter , and musician , best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the rock band Led Zeppelin . A powerful and wide vocal range ( particularly evident in his high-pitched vocals ) has given him a successful singing career spanning over 50 years . Plant is regarded as one of the greatest singers in the history of rock and roll ; he has influenced fellow rock singer-songwriters such as Freddie Mercury , Axl Rose and Chris Cornell . In 2006 , Heavy Metal magazine Hit Parader named Plant the `` Greatest Metal Vocalist of All Time '' . In 2009 , Plant was voted `` the greatest voice in rock '' in a poll conducted by Planet Rock . In 2008 , Rolling Stone editors ranked him number 15 on their list of the 100 best singers of all time . In 2011 , Rolling Stone readers ranked Plant the greatest of all lead singers .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Wings_(1968_band)", "score": 0.6831791400909424, "text": "Wings was a folk rock band from the late sixties ( not to be confused with the band later formed by Paul McCartney ) . The band members were veterans from an assortment of other sixties bands . Initially , the band was made up of Oz Bach of Spanky and Our Gang on bass , Pam Robins of Serendipity Singers sang , and on guitar Eddie Simon , younger brother of Paul Simon of Simon & Garfunkel . Before their first and only album was recorded , Eddie Simon was replaced with Jim Mason who co-wrote the Peter , Paul and Mary song `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' . Also playing in the band were keyboardist Steve Knight , who later joined Mountain , Jefferson Airplane drummer Jerry Peloquin , and guitarist Jack McNichol .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Thank_You_(Led_Zeppelin_song)", "score": 0.6831138730049133, "text": "`` Thank You '' is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin from their 1969 album Led Zeppelin II , written by Robert Plant and Jimmy Page .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_The_Who", "score": 0.6828479170799255, "text": "The Who are one of the most critically acclaimed rock bands , and have received numerous awards and accolades that reflect both their enduring popularity and commercial success .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Band_of_Joy", "score": 0.6827653646469116, "text": "Band of Joy ( sometimes known as Robert Plant and the Band of Joy ) are a rock band from England . Various line-ups of the group performed from 1965 to 1968 and from 1977 to 1983 . Robert Plant revived the band 's name in 2010 for a concert tour of North America and Europe . The band is notable for including two musicians , Robert Plant and John Bonham , who went on to join Led Zeppelin ; and , to a lesser degree , because the band 's one-time roadie was Noddy Holder , who later went on to front the band Slade .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Who's_musical_equipment", "score": 0.682397723197937, "text": "This is a history of the equipment that the English rock band The Who used . It also notes their influence on the instruments of the time period . As their sound developed with each album , and their audience expanded with each tour , John Entwistle and Pete Townshend , supported by sound engineer Bob Pridden , became known for constantly changing their stage equipment . Townshend altered his setup for nearly every tour , and Entwistle 's equipment changed even more than that . Keith Moon played various drum kits , recognizably ` Pictures of Lily ' kit , manufactured by Premier Percussion , which consisted of one and a half kits ' worth of equipment as a precaution towards his tendency to destroy parts onstage .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "List_of_Rush_instrumentals", "score": 0.6822460293769836, "text": "The Canadian rock band Rush has written , recorded , and performed several instrumentals throughout its career .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Queen_(band)", "score": 0.6818558573722839, "text": "Queen are a British rock band that formed in London in 1970 . Their classic line-up was Freddie Mercury ( lead vocals , piano ) , Brian May ( lead guitar , vocals ) , Roger Taylor ( drums , vocals ) , and John Deacon ( bass guitar ) . Queen 's earliest works were influenced by progressive rock , hard rock and heavy metal , but the band gradually ventured into more conventional and radio-friendly works by incorporating further styles , such as arena rock and pop rock , into their music . Before forming Queen , Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile . Freddie Mercury ( then known by his birth name of Farrokh `` Freddie '' Bulsara ) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques . Mercury joined the band in 1970 , suggested `` Queen '' as a new band name , and adopted his familiar stage name . John Deacon was recruited before the band recorded their eponymous debut album in 1973 . Queen first charted in the UK with their second album , Queen II , in 1974 , but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success . The latter featured `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' , which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video . The band 's 1977 album News of the World contained `` We Will Rock You '' and `` We Are the Champions '' , which have become anthems at sporting events . By the early 1980s , Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world . Released in 1980 , `` Another One Bites the Dust '' is their best selling single , while their 1981 compilation album Greatest Hits is the best-selling album in the UK and is certified eight times platinum in the US . Their performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert has been ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications , and the best in a 2005 industry poll . In 1991 , Mercury died of bronchopneumonia , a complication of AIDS , and Deacon retired in 1997 . Since then , May and Taylor have performed under the name of Queen with Paul Rodgers and Adam Lambert as vocalists on several tours . The band have released a total of 18 number-one albums , 18 number-one singles , and 10 number-one DVDs . Estimates of their record sales generally range from 150 million to 300 million records , making them one of the world 's best-selling music artists . Queen received the Outstanding Contribution to British Music Award from the British Phonographic Industry in 1990 . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Robert_Plant_concert_tours", "score": 0.6814109683036804, "text": "Led Zeppelin singer Robert Plant has performed solo tours since 1981 .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Lynyrd_Skynyrd", "score": 0.6798415184020996, "text": "Lynyrd Skynyrd ( pronounced -LSB- ˌlɛnərd_ˈskɪnərd -RSB- ) is an American rock band best known for popularizing the Southern rock genre during the 1970s . Originally formed in 1964 as My Backyard in Jacksonville , Florida , the band was also known by names such as The Noble Five and One Percent , before finally deciding on `` Lynyrd Skynyrd '' in 1969 . The band gained worldwide recognition for its live performances and signature songs `` Sweet Home Alabama '' and `` Free Bird '' . At the peak of their success , two band members and a backup singer died in an airplane crash in 1977 , putting an abrupt end to the band 's most popular incarnation . The band has sold 28 million records in the United States . The surviving band members reformed in 1987 for a reunion tour with lead vocalist Johnny Van Zant , the younger brother of lead singer and founder Ronnie Van Zant . Lynyrd Skynyrd continues to tour and record with co-founder Gary Rossington , Johnny Van Zant , and guitarist Rickey Medlocke -- who first wrote and recorded with the band from 1971 to 1972 ( before his return to Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1996 ) . Fellow founding member Larry Junstrom , along with '70s members Ed King and Artimus Pyle , remain active in music but no longer tour or record with the band . Longtime drummer Michael Cartellone has recorded and toured with the band since 1999 . Lynyrd Skynyrd was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 13 , 2006 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Led_Zeppelin_bootleg_recordings", "score": 0.6796919703483582, "text": "The Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings are a collection of audio and video recordings of musical performances by the English rock band Led Zeppelin which were never officially released by the band , or under other legal authority . The recordings consist of both live concert performances and outtakes from studio sessions conducted by the band . Many hundreds of Led Zeppelin bootlegs exist , and are widely collected by fans .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Houses_of_the_Holy_(song)", "score": 0.6793611645698547, "text": "`` Houses of the Holy '' is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin from their 1975 album , Physical Graffiti .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Eagles_(band)", "score": 0.679343044757843, "text": "The Eagles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971 by Glenn Frey , Don Henley , Bernie Leadon , and Randy Meisner . With five number-one singles , six Grammy Awards , five American Music Awards , and six number one albums , the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s . At the end of the 20th century , two of their albums , Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) and Hotel California , were ranked among the 20 best-selling albums in the United States according to the Recording Industry Association of America . Hotel California is ranked 37th in Rolling Stones list of `` The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' and the band was ranked number 75 on the magazine 's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . The Eagles are one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time , having sold more than 150 million records -- 100 million in the U.S. alone -- including 42 million copies of Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) and 32 million copies of Hotel California . Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) was the best selling album of the 20th century in the U.S. . They are the fifth-highest-selling music act and the highest-selling American band in U.S. history . The band released their debut album , Eagles , in 1972 , which spawned three top 40 singles : `` Take It Easy , '' `` Witchy Woman , '' and `` Peaceful Easy Feeling . '' Their next album , Desperado ( 1973 ) , was less successful than the first , only reaching number 41 on the charts ; neither of its singles reached the top 40 . However , the album does contain what would go on to be two of the band 's most popular tracks : `` Desperado '' and `` Tequila Sunrise . '' The band released On the Border in 1974 , adding guitarist Don Felder as the fifth member midway through the recording of the album . The album generated two top 40 singles : `` Already Gone '' and their first number one , `` Best of My Love . '' Their 1975 album One of These Nights included three top 10 singles : `` One of These Nights , '' `` Lyin ' Eyes , '' and `` Take It to the Limit , '' the first hitting the top of the charts . Guitarist and vocalist , Joe Walsh , also joined the band in 1975 . The Eagles continued that success and hit their commercial peak in late 1976 with the release of Hotel California , which would go on to sell more than 16 million copies in the U.S. alone and more than 32 million copies worldwide . The album yielded two number-one singles , `` New Kid in Town '' and `` Hotel California . '' They released their last studio album for nearly 28 years in 1979 with The Long Run , which spawned three top 10 singles : `` Heartache Tonight , '' `` The Long Run , '' and `` I Ca n't Tell You Why , '' the lead single being another chart-topping hit . The Eagles disbanded in July 1980 but reunited in 1994 for the album Hell Freezes Over , a mix of live and new studio tracks . They toured consistently and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 . In 2007 , the Eagles released Long Road Out of Eden , their first full studio album in 28 years and their sixth number one album . The next year they launched the Long Road Out of Eden Tour in support of the album . In 2013 , they began the extended History of the Eagles Tour in conjunction with the band 's documentary release , History of the Eagles . Following the death of Frey in January 2016 , Henley stated in several interviews that he did n't think the band would perform again . However , in March 2017 it was announced that the Eagles would be headlining two concerts in July 2017 .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "The_Doors_(album)", "score": 0.6781820058822632, "text": "The Doors is the debut album by the American rock band the Doors , released on January 4 , 1967 . The album features their breakthrough single `` Light My Fire '' and the lengthy song `` The End '' with its Oedipal spoken word section . The Doors was not only one of the albums to have been most central to the progression of psychedelic rock , but is also one of the most acclaimed recordings in all of popular music . In 2012 , it was ranked number 42 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 greatest albums of all time . The original album has sold 20 million copies , and has been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame ; `` Light My Fire '' was also inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame . It has been reissued several times on CD , including a 2007 remaster and a 2017 `` 50th Anniversary Deluxe Edition . '' In 2015 , the Library of Congress selected The Doors for inclusion in the National Recording Registry based on its cultural , artistic or historical significance .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Cream_(band)", "score": 0.6778133511543274, "text": "Cream were a 1960s British rock supergroup power trio consisting of bassist/singer Jack Bruce , drummer Ginger Baker , and guitarist/singer Eric Clapton . The group 's third album , Wheels of Fire ( 1968 ) , was the world 's first platinum-selling double album . The band is widely regarded as the world 's first successful supergroup . In their career , they sold more than 15 million copies of their albums worldwide . Their music included songs based on traditional blues such as `` Crossroads '' and `` Spoonful '' , and modern blues such as `` Born Under a Bad Sign '' , as well as more eccentric songs such as `` Strange Brew '' , `` Tales of Brave Ulysses '' and `` Toad '' . The band 's biggest hits were `` I Feel Free '' ( UK number 11 ) , `` Sunshine of Your Love '' ( US number 5 ) , `` White Room '' ( US number 6 ) , `` Crossroads '' ( US number 28 ) , and `` Badge '' ( UK number 18 ) . The band made a significant impact on the popular music of the time , and , along with Jimi Hendrix and other notable guitarists and bands , popularised the use of the wah-wah pedal . They provided a heavy yet technically proficient musical theme that foreshadowed and influenced the emergence of British bands such as Led Zeppelin , The Jeff Beck Group , Deep Purple and Black Sabbath in the late 1960s and the early 1970s . They also had an impact on American southern rock leading groups The Allman Brothers Band and Lynyrd Skynyrd . The band 's live performances influenced progressive rock acts such as Rush . The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993 . They were included in both Rolling Stone and VH1 's lists of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time , '' at number 67 and 61 respectively . They were also ranked number 16 on VH1 's `` 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock '' .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Rock_music", "score": 0.677708089351654, "text": "Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as `` rock and roll '' in the United States in the early 1950s , and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later , particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States . It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll , a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues , and from country music . Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk , and incorporated influences from jazz , classical and other musical styles . Musically , rock has centered on the electric guitar , usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers . Typically , rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form , but the genre has become extremely diverse . Like pop music , lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political . By the late 1960s `` classic rock '' period , a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged , including hybrids like blues rock , folk rock , country rock , raga rock , and jazz-rock , many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock , which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene . New genres that emerged included progressive rock , which extended the artistic elements ; glam rock , which highlighted showmanship and visual style ; and the diverse and enduring subgenre of heavy metal , which emphasized volume , power , and speed . In the second half of the 1970s , punk rock reacted by producing stripped-down , energetic social and political critiques . Punk was an influence in the 1980s on new wave , post-punk and eventually alternative rock . From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break into the mainstream in the form of grunge , Britpop , and indie rock . Further fusion subgenres have since emerged , including pop punk , rap rock , and rap metal , as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock 's history , including the garage rock/post-punk and synth-pop revivals at the beginning of the 2000s ( decade ) . Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements , leading to major subcultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s . Similarly , 1970s punk culture spawned the goth and emo subcultures . Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song , rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race , sex and drug use , and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "The_Jimi_Hendrix_Experience", "score": 0.6773195266723633, "text": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience was an American-English rock band that formed in Westminster , London , in September 1966 . Singer , songwriter , and guitarist Jimi Hendrix , bassist and backing vocalist Noel Redding , and drummer Mitch Mitchell comprised the group , which was active until June 1969 . During this time , they released three studio albums and became one of the most popular acts in rock . In April 1970 , Hendrix , Mitchell , and bassist Billy Cox performed and recorded until Hendrix 's death on September 18 , 1970 . This later trio was sometimes billed as the `` Jimi Hendrix Experience '' , but the title was never formalized . Highly influential in the popularization of hard rock and psychedelic rock , the Experience was best known for the skill , style , and charisma of their frontman , Jimi Hendrix . All three of the band 's studio albums , Are You Experienced ( 1967 ) , Axis : Bold as Love ( 1967 ) and Electric Ladyland ( 1968 ) , were featured in the top 100 of the Rolling Stone list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , at positions 15 , 82 and 54 respectively . In 1992 , the Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "E_Street_Band", "score": 0.6771090626716614, "text": "The E Street Band is an American rock band , and has been musician Bruce Springsteen 's primary backing band since 1972 . The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014 . The band members have also performed and recorded ( both individually and as a band ) with a wide range of other artists including Bob Dylan , The Rolling Stones , Meat Loaf , Neil Young , Lou Reed , Bonnie Tyler , Air Supply , Dire Straits , David Bowie , Peter Gabriel , Stevie Nicks , Tom Morello , Sting , Ian Hunter , Paul McCartney , Ringo Starr , Ray Davies , Ronnie Spector , Gary U.S. Bonds , Darlene Love , Southside Johnny , The Grateful Dead , Santana , Lucinda Williams , Steve Earle , Emmylou Harris , Tracy Chapman , Lady Gaga , Aretha Franklin , and Bob Seger . When not working with Springsteen , members of the band have recorded solo material and have pursued successful careers as session musicians , record producers , songwriters , actors and other roles in entertainment . The most well known in their separate careers are drummer Max Weinberg , who has led his own band , first on Late Night with Conan O'Brien and then on the Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien , from 1993 to 2010 , and guitarist Steven Van Zandt , who starred as Silvio Dante in the HBO television series , The Sopranos , from 1999 to 2007 , and as Frank `` The Fixer '' Tagliano in the current Netflix series , Lilyhammer .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Hawkwind", "score": 0.675822913646698, "text": "Hawkwind are an English rock band and one of the earliest space rock groups . Their lyrics favour urban and science fiction themes . Formed in November 1969 , Hawkwind have gone through many incarnations and they have incorporated different styles into their music , including hard rock , progressive rock and psychedelic rock . They are also regarded as an influential proto-punk band . Dozens of musicians , dancers and writers have worked with the band since their inception . Notable musicians to have performed in the band include Lemmy Kilmister , Ginger Baker and Huw Lloyd-Langton , but the band are most closely associated with their founder , the singer , songwriter and guitarist Dave Brock , who remains the only original member . They are best known for the song `` Silver Machine '' , which became a number three UK hit single in 1972 , but they scored further hit singles with `` Urban Guerrilla '' ( another Top 40 hit ) and `` Shot Down in the Night . '' Twenty-two of their albums charted in the UK from 1971 to 1993 .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
210782
Richard Harris was born on October 25, 2002.
[ { "id": "Richard_Harris", "score": 0.6058925986289978, "text": "Richard St John Harris ( 1 October 1930 -- 25 October 2002 ) was an Irish actor and singer . He appeared on stage and in many films , appearing as Frank Machin in This Sporting Life , and King Arthur in the 1967 film Camelot and the subsequent 1981 revival of the show . He played an aristocrat and prisoner in A Man Called Horse ( 1970 ) , a gunfighter in Clint Eastwood 's Western film Unforgiven ( 1992 ) , Emperor Marcus Aurelius in Gladiator ( 2000 ) , and Albus Dumbledore in the first two Harry Potter films : the Sorcerer 's Stone ( 2001 ) and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) . Harris had a top ten hit in the United Kingdom and United States with his 1968 recording of Jimmy Webb 's song `` MacArthur Park '' ." } ]
[ { "id": "The_Last_Five_Years_(film)", "score": 0.5751554369926453, "text": "The Last Five Years is a 2014 American musical comedy-drama film starring Anna Kendrick and Jeremy Jordan . Based on Jason Robert Brown 's musical of the same name , the film is written and directed by Richard Lagravenese . The film premiered on September 7 , 2014 in the Special Presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released in select theaters and on video on demand on February 13 , 2015 .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "In_Time", "score": 0.5749431252479553, "text": "In Time is a 2011 American dystopian science fiction action thriller film written , directed , and produced by Andrew Niccol and starring Justin Timberlake , Amanda Seyfried and Cillian Murphy that takes place in a society where people stop aging at 25 and each has a clock on their arm that counts down how long they have to live . The film was released on October 28 , 2011 .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Jonathan_Keltz", "score": 0.5744279623031616, "text": "Jonathan Lippert Keltz ( born January 17 , 1988 ) is an American actor known for his role as Jake Steinberg in the HBO series Entourage , and his work in the films Prom ( 2011 ) and 21 & Over ( 2013 ) . He stars as Leith Bayard in The CW 's series Reign . In May 2014 , Keltz was promoted to series regular for the show 's second season , which premiered in October 2014 .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Caleel_Harris", "score": 0.5743577480316162, "text": "Caleel Harris ( born April 19 , 2003 ) is an American child actor and voice artist . As of 2016 , he provides the voice of Clyde McBride on The Loud House . Harris also plays Duke in Think Like a Man and its sequel . He is the younger brother of Curtis Harris , known for his starring role of Miles Preston on The Haunted Hathaways .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Lauren_Harris", "score": 0.5743577480316162, "text": "Lauren Harris ( born July 6 , 1984 ) is a British rock singer and classically trained actor . She is the daughter of Steve Harris , the bassist of Iron Maiden , and Lorraine Harris . After completing her primary and secondary education at Saint Nicholas School , Old Harlow , Essex , Harris attended Leventhorpe School , Sawbridgeworth , Hertfordshire , where she obtained her A-Levels , including Theatre Studies . Harris began her music career singing in pubs in 2005 , and went on to record demo material for Russ Ballard , before touring with Iron Maiden and releasing her debut album , Calm Before The Storm , in 2008 . From 2010 , Harris toured with her new hard rock band , Six Hour Sundown , performing at venues in the UK as well as the European Graspop , Download , and Sonisphere festivals . She frequently performs barefoot . Harris commenced a new musical project , Kingdom of I , working with songwriter Dave Stewart and drummer Shauney Recke . Harris is a graduate of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art and the Oxford School of Drama and has appeared in numerous stage productions , highlighting with a london production as the role of Blanche Dubois in Streetcar Named Desire . Harris has appeared in the feature film Adrift in Soho . .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Jeremy_Davies", "score": 0.5723375678062439, "text": "Jeremy Davies ( born October 8 , 1969 ) is an American film and television actor . He is known for portraying Cpl. Timothy E. Upham in Saving Private Ryan and the physicist Daniel Faraday on the television series Lost . He also appeared in the FX series Justified , as Dickie Bennett , for which he was twice nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and won in 2012 .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Jack_Hawkins_(actor,_born_1985)", "score": 0.5723168849945068, "text": "Jack Hawkins ( born 6 October 1985 ) is a British actor .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Jon_Harris_(director)", "score": 0.5717453360557556, "text": "Jon Harris ( born 11 July 1967 ) is a film editor known for his work on Snatch ( 2000 ) , Layer Cake ( 2004 ) , The Descent ( 2005 ) , Stardust ( 2007 ) , Kick-Ass ( 2010 ) , 127 Hours ( 2010 ) , The Woman In Black ( 2012 ) , and Kingsman : The Secret Service ( 2015 ) . He also directed the horror film The Descent Part 2 ( 2009 ) . He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Film Editing for 127 Hours .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Richard_Reader_Harris_(barrister)", "score": 0.5714972615242004, "text": "Richard Reader Harris , K.C. ( 1847 -- 25 March , 1909 ) was a prominent English barrister , King 's Counsel and Master of the Bench of Gray 's Inn , who was also a Methodist minister , founder of the Pentecostal League of Prayer , and author of 34 Christian books . He is particularly remembered as an advocate of British Israelism , the belief that people of Western European descent are also the direct lineal descendants of the Ten Lost Tribes .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Richard_Steven_Horvitz", "score": 0.5713664293289185, "text": "Richard Steven Horvitz , also known as Richard Wood ( born July 29 , 1966 ) , is an American actor and voice actor . In the world of animation , he voiced neurotic and mentally unstable characters . He is known for his work as the voice of the original Alpha 5 in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers , Power Rangers Zeo , and Power Rangers Turbo , Razputin in Psychonauts , Kaos in the Skylanders franchise , Billy and his dad Harold in The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy , Grey Matter in Ben 10 , Daggett in The Angry Beavers , Bumble in Kinectimals , the title character Zim in Invader Zim , Mouth in Kick Buttowski , Orthopox in the Destroy All Humans ! series , Telapathopus Brain Scientist in Ratchet and Clank and the Space Weaver in Broken Age .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Richard_Thomas_(actor)", "score": 0.5709619522094727, "text": "Richard Earl Thomas ( born June 13 , 1951 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his leading role as budding author John-Boy Walton in the CBS drama The Waltons , for which he won one Emmy Award and received nominations for another Emmy Award and two Golden Globe Awards . From 2013 to 2016 , he starred in the FX drama series The Americans .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Amy_B._Harris", "score": 0.5698297619819641, "text": "Amy B. Harris ( born 1970/71 ) , sometimes credited as Amy Harris , is an American screenwriter and producer . She is best known for producing the HBO series Sex and the City ( 1998 -- 2004 ) and developing its prequel series The Carrie Diaries ( 2013 -- 14 ) , which aired on The CW .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Silvestre_Rasuk", "score": 0.5695784687995911, "text": "Silvestre Rasuk ( born September 5 , 1987 ) is an American actor .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Red_Dragon_(film)", "score": 0.5690304040908813, "text": "Red Dragon is a 2002 American psychological horror film based on the novel of the same name by Thomas Harris , featuring psychiatrist and serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter . It is a prequel to The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) and Hannibal ( 2001 ) . The novel was originally adapted into the film Manhunter ( 1986 ) . The film was directed by Brett Ratner and written for the screen by Ted Tally , who also wrote the screenplay for The Silence of the Lambs . It stars Anthony Hopkins as Lecter , a role he played twice before in The Silence of the Lambs and Hannibal , and Edward Norton as FBI agent Will Graham . The film also stars Ralph Fiennes , Harvey Keitel , Emily Watson , Mary-Louise Parker , and Philip Seymour Hoffman .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Taylor_Kinney", "score": 0.5681411027908325, "text": "Taylor Jacks Kinney ( born July 15 , 1981 ) is an American actor and model . He is known for playing Mason Lockwood in The Vampire Diaries , Jared in Zero Dark Thirty , and Lieutenant Kelly Severide in Chicago Fire , Chicago P.D. and Chicago Med .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Steven_Webb", "score": 0.5678483843803406, "text": "Steven Webb ( born Steven Michael Webb , 8 November 1984 ) is an English actor who has been performing in theatre , television and film from the age of eight . Webb was born on the Wirral , near Liverpool in the UK .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Jake_Smollett", "score": 0.5671689510345459, "text": "Jake Smollett ( born July 29 , 1989 ) is an American actor .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Ian_Nelson_(actor,_born_1995)", "score": 0.5670148134231567, "text": "Ian Michael Nelson ( born April 10 , 1995 ) is an American actor who portrayed the District 3 male tribute in the 2012 film adaptation of The Hunger Games , and young Derek Hale in the television series Teen Wolf . He also played Eric in The Judge .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Richard_Jones_(magician)", "score": 0.5669222474098206, "text": "Richard Jones ( born 21 September 1990 ) is a British magician and military soldier , best known for winning the tenth series of Britain 's Got Talent in 2016 .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Ian_Patrick_Harris", "score": 0.5667365193367004, "text": "Ian Harris ( born August 24 , 1971 ) is a comedian , director and mixed martial arts fighter . He integrates skepticism and critical thinking into his comedy and has a unique fighting style he calls `` Fight Science '' .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
23042
The Fosters is a television series.
[ { "id": "The_Fosters_(2013_TV_series)", "score": 0.7848683595657349, "text": "The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California . The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award ." } ]
[ { "id": "The_Fosters", "score": 0.7327057719230652, "text": "The Fosters may refer to : The Fosters ( 1976 TV series ) , a British sitcom The Fosters ( 2013 TV series ) , a U.S. drama series", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "The_Fosters_(1976_TV_series)", "score": 0.7206866145133972, "text": "The Fosters is a British television programme , produced by London Weekend Television which aired on ITV from 9 April 1976 , until 9 July 1977 . It was created and developed by Jon Watkins , who adapted the American sitcom , Good Times , developed by Norman Lear , and created by Eric Monte and Mike Evans . It was the first British sitcom to have an entirely black cast . It was the predecessor to many future British television programmes that featured a predominantly black cast : ( No Problem ! , Desmond 's , The Lenny Henry Show ) .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "List_of_Foster's_Home_for_Imaginary_Friends_episodes", "score": 0.6900163292884827, "text": "Foster 's Home for Imaginary Friends is an American animated television series created by Craig McCracken for Cartoon Network Studios . The series centers on an eight-year-old boy , Mac , who is pressured by his mother to abandon his imaginary friend Bloo , who moves into an orphanage for imaginary friends , and is kept from adoption so that Mac can visit him daily . The episodes center on the day-to-day adventures and predicaments in which Mac , Bloo and other characters get involved . It premiered on August 13 , 2004 , on Cartoon Network as a 90-minute special titled `` House of Bloo 's '' and , on August 20 , it began its normal run on Fridays , at 7 pm E/P . Its finale , `` Goodbye to Bloo '' , premiered on May 3 , 2009 . The series has a total of seventy-nine episodes and eighteen shorts . Aside from the premiere episode , two specials were produced : `` Good Wilt Hunting '' , the season four finale which premiered on November 23 , 2006 , and `` Destination : Imagination '' , which premiered on November 27 , 2008 , as part of season six . Although the specials were released in their integrity , they would be later divided in parts and broadcast as individual episodes . `` House of Bloo 's '' and `` Destination : Imagination '' were divided in three episodes , whilst `` Good Wilt Hunting '' was divided in two episodes . Foster 's received positive reviews from television critics and was one of Cartoon Network 's highest-rated series during its original run . It received many industry accolades , winning five Annie Awards and seven Emmy Awards . It won an additional sixteen awards out of thirty-five nominations . The show was popular among both younger and older audiences . It has since been named by Entertainment Weekly as one of the best Cartoon Network shows and by IGN as one of the best animated series of all time .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Foster's_Home_for_Imaginary_Friends", "score": 0.6882773041725159, "text": "Foster 's Home for Imaginary Friends ( commonly abbreviated as Foster 's ) is an American animated television series created by Craig McCracken for Cartoon Network Studios . The series , set in a world in which imaginary friends coexist with humans , centers on an 8-year-old boy , Mac , who is pressured by his mother to abandon his imaginary friend , Bloo . After Mac discovers an orphanage dedicated to housing abandoned imaginary friends , Bloo moves into the home and is kept from adoption so long as Mac visits him daily . The episodes revolve around Mac and Bloo as they interact with other imaginary friends and house staff and live out their day-to-day adventures , often getting caught up in various predicaments . McCracken conceived the series after adopting two dogs from an animal shelter and applying the concept to imaginary friends . The show first premiered on Cartoon Network on August 13 , 2004 , as a 90-minute television film . On August 20 , it began its normal run of twenty-to-thirty-minute episodes on Fridays , at 7 pm . The series finished its run on May 3 , 2009 , with a total of six seasons and seventy-nine episodes . McCracken left Cartoon Network shortly after the series ended . Reruns have aired on Boomerang from August 11 , 2012 to November 3 , 2013 and again from June 1 , 2014 to April 3 , 2017 . Foster 's Home for Imaginary Friends was praised by critics and received high ratings during its original run , becoming popular among both younger and older audiences . It received many industry accolades , including five Annie Awards and seven Emmy Awards , winning a total of sixteen awards out of thirty-five nominations . It has since been named by Entertainment Weekly as one of the best Cartoon Network shows and by IGN as the 85th best animated series of all time .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "List_of_The_Fosters_characters", "score": 0.6835638880729675, "text": "This list is of fictional characters in the ABC Family television series The Fosters . This article features the main , recurring and minor characters who have all appeared in more than one episode .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "The_Last_Father", "score": 0.6366475224494934, "text": "The Last Father is a TV series .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "List_of_Punky_Brewster_episodes", "score": 0.6338151097297668, "text": "Punky Brewster is an American television series created by David W. Duclon . The series revolves around a girl named Punky Brewster ( Soleil Moon Frye ) being raised by her foster parent Henry Warnimont ( George Gaynes ) . The show aired original episodes on NBC from September 16 , 1984 , to March 9 , 1986 , and again in first-run syndication from October 30 , 1987 , to May 27 , 1988 . In the early part of season one , six fifteen-minute episodes were produced because the show had many young viewers and was scheduled after football games which tended to run overtime . This was done rather than joining a full-length episode in progress , because that would disappoint children watching the program , and showing it later tended to put them up at a time parents may have considered too late for their children .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Rodzina_zastępcza", "score": 0.6289200782775879, "text": "Rodzina zastępcza ( eng . Foster Family ) was a popular Polish primetime comedy series broadcast on Polsat from February 23 , 1999 to December 20 , 2009 . In 2004 the title was changed to Rodzina zastępcza plus ( Foster Family and Others ) and the series got longer episodes , as well as more regular characters and locations . The series told the story of the Kwiatkowski family , Anka and Jacek , their biological children Majka and Filip , as well as three children they adopted one day - Eliza , Zosia , Romek , later also Dorotka , Wojtek , Piotrek and Pawełek .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_Fuller_House_episodes", "score": 0.62693190574646, "text": "Fuller House is an American family sitcom and sequel to the 1987 -- 95 television series Full House , airing as a Netflix original series . It was created by Jeff Franklin , and is produced by Jeff Franklin Productions and Miller-Boyett Productions in association with Warner Horizon Television . The series centers around D.J. Tanner-Fuller , a veterinarian and widowed mother of three sons , whose sister and best friend -- the mother to a teenage daughter -- provide support in her sons ' upbringings by moving in with her . Most of the original series ensemble cast have reprised their roles on Fuller House , either as regular cast members or in guest appearances , with the exception of Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen , who alternated in the role of Michelle Tanner on Full House .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "The_Boys_(TV_series)", "score": 0.6259738206863403, "text": "The Boys is an American sitcom television series that aired from August 20 until September 17 , 1993 .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Roseanne", "score": 0.6226658821105957, "text": "Roseanne is an American sitcom that was broadcast on ABC from October 18 , 1988 , to May 20 , 1997 . Lauded for its realistic portrayal of the average American family , the series stars Roseanne Barr , and revolves around the Conners , an Illinois working-class family . The series reached # 1 in the Nielsen ratings , becoming the most watched television show in the United States from 1989 to 1990 . The show remained in the top four for six of its nine seasons , and in the top twenty for eight seasons . In 1993 , the episode `` A Stash from the Past '' was ranked # 21 on TV Guide 's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time . In 2002 , Roseanne was ranked # 35 on TV Guide 's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time . In 2013 , it was ranked # 32 on TV Guide 's 60 Best Series of All Time . On May 16 , 2017 , it was announced ABC would produce an eight-episode 10th season revival of the series , set to air as a mid-season replacement in 2018 , with the original cast returning .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "The_Runaways_(TV_series)", "score": 0.6226291060447693, "text": "The Runaways is an American drama television series . The series aired from April 27 , 1978 , to September 4 , 1979 , on NBC .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "David_Foster_(writer)", "score": 0.6220396161079407, "text": "David Foster is an American television writer , producer and medical doctor best known for working as a writer/producer on the critically acclaimed Fox medical drama series House .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Jodie_Foster", "score": 0.6208755373954773, "text": "Alicia Christian `` Jodie '' Foster ( born November 19 , 1962 ) is an American actress and filmmaker who has worked in films and on television . She has often been cited as one of the best actresses of her generation . Foster began her career at the age of three as a child model in 1965 , and two years later moved to acting in television series , with the sitcom Mayberry R.F.D. being her debut . In the late 1960s and early 1970s , she worked in several primetime television series and starred in children 's films . Foster 's breakthrough came in Martin Scorsese 's Taxi Driver ( 1976 ) , in which she played a teenage prostitute ; the role garnered her a nomination for an Academy Award . Her other critically acclaimed roles as a teenager were in the musical Bugsy Malone ( 1976 ) and the thriller The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane ( 1976 ) , and she became a popular teen idol by starring in Disney 's Freaky Friday ( 1976 ) , Candleshoe ( 1977 ) and Foxes ( 1980 ) . After attending college at Yale , Foster struggled to transition to adult roles until winning widespread critical acclaim for her portrayal of a rape survivor in The Accused ( 1988 ) , for which she won several awards , including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe . She won her second Academy Award three years later for her role in the sleeper hit The Silence of the Lambs , where she played Clarice Starling , an FBI trainee investigating a serial murder case . Foster made her debut as a film director the same year with the moderately successful Little Man Tate ( 1991 ) , and founded her own production company , Egg Pictures , in 1992 . The company 's first production was Nell ( 1994 ) , in which she also played the title role , gaining another nomination for an Academy Award . Her other films in the 1990s included period drama Sommersby , Western comedy Maverick ( 1994 ) , science fiction film Contact ( 1997 ) , and period drama Anna and the King ( 1999 ) . Her second film direction , Home for the Holidays ( 1995 ) , was not well-received commercially , while critical reviews were mixed . After career setbacks in the early 2000s , which included the cancellation of a film project and the closing down of her production company , Foster starred in four thrillers , Panic Room ( 2002 ) , Flightplan ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) and The Brave One ( 2007 ) . She has focused on directing in the 2010s , directing the films The Beaver ( 2011 ) and Money Monster ( 2016 ) , as well as episodes for Netflix television series Orange is the New Black and House of Cards . She also starred in the film Elysium ( 2013 ) . In addition to her two Academy Awards , Foster has won three BAFTA Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , a Screen Actors Guild Award and the Cecil B DeMille Award .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Dallas_(TV_series)_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.6202204823493958, "text": "Dallas is an American serial drama/prime time soap opera that revolves around the Ewings , a wealthy Texas family in the oil and cattle-ranching industries . The show debuted in April 1978 as a five-part miniseries on the CBS network , and then was subsequently broadcast for thirteen seasons from April 2 , 1978 to May 3 , 1991 . It has been a frequent reference in popular culture .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Greg_Foster_(The_Young_and_the_Restless)", "score": 0.6197910308837891, "text": "Greg Foster is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . A string of different actors played the role from 1973 to 1982 , most notably James Houghton and Wings Hauser , who both reprised their roles as Greg in 2003 and 2010 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_Nurses_episodes", "score": 0.6195580363273621, "text": "Nurses was a television series that originally ran on NBC for three seasons between 1991 and 1994 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Brothers_&_Sisters_(2006_TV_series)", "score": 0.6165418028831482, "text": "Brothers & Sisters is an American television drama series that centers on the Walker family and their lives in Los Angeles and Pasadena , California . It aired for five seasons on ABC from September 24 , 2006 to May 8 , 2011 . It aired , for its entire run , in a Sunday night timeslot after Desperate Housewives . Brothers & Sisters features an ensemble cast led by Sally Field as Nora Walker , with Rachel Griffiths as Sarah , Calista Flockhart as Kitty , Balthazar Getty as Tommy , Matthew Rhys as Kevin and Dave Annable as Justin Walker , her grown children . Patricia Wettig co-starred as Holly Harper , with Emily VanCamp later joining the cast as Rebecca Harper , as well as Ron Rifkin as Saul Holden . Field won both a Primetime Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performances throughout the series , as well as Griffiths receiving nominations for two Primetime Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards for her portrayal .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Punky_Brewster", "score": 0.6161112189292908, "text": "Punky Brewster is an American sitcom about a young girl ( Soleil Moon Frye ) being raised by a foster parent ( George Gaynes ) . The show ran on NBC from September 16 , 1984 to March 9 , 1986 , and again in first-run syndication from October 30 , 1987 to May 27 , 1988 . Punky Brewster spawned an animated spin-off It 's Punky Brewster . The series featured the original cast voicing their respective characters . The cartoon was produced by Ruby-Spears , and aired on NBC from September 14 , 1985 to December 6 , 1986 .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Parenthood_(2010_TV_series)", "score": 0.6156522631645203, "text": "Parenthood is an American television drama series developed by Jason Katims and produced by Imagine Television and Universal Television for NBC . The show tells of the Braverman clan , which comprises an older couple , their four children , and their families . One of the grandchildren depicted has Asperger syndrome , which has gained attention throughout the press . Loosely based on the 1989 film of the same title , the series is the second adaptation of the film to air on television , preceded by the 1990 -- 91 TV series , which also aired on NBC . Following on the heels of the critically acclaimed TV series Friday Night Lights , Katims approached Ron Howard and Brian Grazer with the idea of creating an updated , modern adaptation of the 1989 film and bringing it to television . The series ran for six seasons from March 6 , 2010 to January 29 , 2015 . The series was well received by television critics and earned several nominations and awards , including one Vision Award , a Critics ' Choice Television Award , two Television Academy Honors awards , four Young Artist Awards , and three Entertainment Industries Council PRISM Awards . Despite strong reviews , the series never gained a strong audience ; the pilot received the highest audience figures , with ratings declining thereafter . On May 11 , 2014 , Parenthood was renewed for a sixth and final season , consisting of 13 episodes . The final season premiered on September 25 , 2014 . The series finale aired on January 29 , 2015 .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
214059
Blair is Jonathan Hensleigh's middle name.
[ { "id": "Jonathan_Hensleigh", "score": 0.6698950529098511, "text": "Jonathan Blair Hensleigh ( born February 1959 ) is an American screenwriter and film director , working primarily in the action-adventure genre , best known for writing film such as Jumanji , Die Hard with a Vengeance , and Armageddon , as well as making his own directorial debut with the 2004 comic book action film The Punisher ." } ]
[ { "id": "William_Blair_(judge)", "score": 0.6294864416122437, "text": "Sir William James Lynton Blair ( born 31 March 1950 ) , styled The Hon. Mr Justice Blair , is a British judge . He was previously a Queen 's Counsel , specialising in domestic and international banking and finance law . His younger brother is the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Jon_Blair", "score": 0.6278417110443115, "text": "Jon Blair , CBE is a South African-born writer , film producer and director of documentary films , drama and comedy who has lived in England and the United States ever since he was drafted into the South African army in the late 1960s . He is the only director of documentaries working in the United Kingdom who has won all three of the premier awards in his field : an Oscar , an Emmy ( twice ) and a British Academy Award . He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 2015 Birthday Honours for services to film .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Kerry_Blair", "score": 0.6270345449447632, "text": "Kerry Blair is an American author .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Blair_(MCC_cricketer)", "score": 0.6253179907798767, "text": "Blair ( first name , dates and places of birth and death unknown ) was an English first-class cricketer active 1803 -- 1804 who played for Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Blair", "score": 0.6139588356018066, "text": "Blair is an English-language name of Scottish Gaelic origin . The surname is derived from any of the numerous places in Scotland named Blair . These place names are derived from the Scottish Gaelic blàr , meaning `` plain '' and `` field '' . The given name Blair is derived from the surname . Blair is generally a masculine name in Scotland , although it is more popular in North America , where it is also a feminine name . A variant spelling of the given name is Blaire .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Lawrence_Blair", "score": 0.6060991287231445, "text": "Lawrence Blair , Ph.D. is an anthropologist , author , explorer and filmmaker . Born in England , he has been a resident of Bali , Indonesia for the past 35 years .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Trial_of_Tony_Blair", "score": 0.6021667122840881, "text": "The Trial of Tony Blair is a satirical drama recounting hypothetical war crimes proceedings brought against former British Prime Minister Tony Blair by an international tribunal , following his departure from 10 Downing Street . Directed by Simon Cellan Jones , it was first aired on More4 on 15 January 2007 and repeated on 5 March 2007 and during Blair 's last week as Prime Minister on 23 June 2007 . The programme is set in 2010 and stars Robert Lindsay as Tony Blair , Phoebe Nicholls as Cherie Blair , Peter Mullan as Gordon Brown and Alexander Armstrong as David Cameron .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Neil_Blair", "score": 0.6021121740341187, "text": "Captain Robert Neil Blair CVO RN was Private Secretary and Treasurer to The Duke of York , 1990 -- 2001 . Blair was born in 1936 , and educated at St John 's College , Johannesburg , and Britannia Royal Naval College , Dartmouth . He served in the Royal Navy from 1954 , and was on the RAF staff course . From 1958-1959 , he was on HMY Britannia . He served in various positions in the Fleet Air Arm 1961-1970 , and was in command of 1965-1967 . In 1970-71 , he was again on HMY Britannia . He was promoted to Commander 31 December 1971 . He was Commanding Officer of the frigate 1972-1974 . Blair was in command of in 1978 , and Commander of Britannia Royal Naval College , Dartmouth 1979-1980 , and was promoted to Captain 30 June 1981 . From 1982-1985 he was Naval and Air Attaché in Athens , and Defence and Naval Attaché in The Hague 1986-1989 . He was appointed was Private Secretary and Treasurer to the Duke of York in 1990 , and was also an Extra Equerry . He was Comptroller to Princess Alexandra , The Hon Lady Ogilvy 1996-1997 , and Private Secretary since 1996 . He was appointed LVO in 1997 , and promoted to CVO in 2001 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Tony_Blair", "score": 0.6019482016563416, "text": "Anthony Charles Lynton Blair ( born 6 May 1953 ) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007 . He remains the most recent Labour Party leader to have won a general election . From 1983 to 2007 , Blair was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Sedgefield . He was elected Labour Party leader in July 1994 , following the sudden death of his predecessor , John Smith , who together with his predecessor , Neil Kinnock , had started to move the party closer to the political centre , in the hope of winning power . Under Blair 's leadership , the party used the phrase `` New Labour '' , to distance it from previous Labour policies and the traditional conception of socialism . Blair declared support for a new conception that he referred to as `` social-ism '' , involving politics that recognised individuals as socially interdependent , and advocated social justice , cohesion , the equal worth of each citizen , and equal opportunity , also referred to as the Third Way . Critics of Blair denounced him for having the Labour Party abandon genuine socialism and accepting capitalism . Supporters , including the party 's public opinion pollster Philip Gould , stated that after four consecutive general election defeats , from 1979 to 1992 , the Labour Party had to demonstrate that it had made a decisive break from its left-wing past , in order to win an election again . In May 1997 , the Labour Party won a landslide general election victory , the largest in its history , allowing Blair , at 43 years old , to become the youngest Prime Minister since 1812 . In September 1997 , Blair attained early personal popularity , receiving a 93 % public approval rating , after his public response to the death of Princess Diana . The Labour Party went on to win two more elections under his leadership : in 2001 , in which it won another landslide victory , and in 2005 , with a reduced majority . In the first years of the New Labour government , Blair 's government introduced the National Minimum Wage Act , Human Rights Act , and Freedom of Information Act . Blair 's government also devolved power , establishing the Scottish Parliament , the National Assembly for Wales , and the Northern Ireland Assembly . In Northern Ireland , Blair was involved in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement . Blair strongly supported the foreign policy of the Bush administration , and ensured that the British Armed Forces participated in the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and , more controversially , the 2003 invasion of Iraq . Blair has faced strong criticism for his role in the invasion of Iraq , including calls for having him tried for war crimes and waging a war of aggression . In 2016 , the Iraq Inquiry strongly criticised his actions and described the invasion of Iraq as unjustified and unnecessary . Blair also intervened militarily in Kosovo and Sierra Leone . Blair was succeeded as the leader of the Labour Party and as Prime Minister by Gordon Brown in June 2007 . On the day that Blair resigned as Prime Minister , he was appointed the official Special Envoy of the Quartet on the Middle East , an office which he held until May 2015 . He now runs a consultancy business and has set up various foundations in his own name , including the Tony Blair Faith Foundation .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Matty_Blair", "score": 0.6007131338119507, "text": "Matthew James Blair ( born 21 June 1989 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for League Two club Doncaster Rovers . Blair started his career with Racing Club Warwick and after one season with the club signed for Stratford Town in 2008 . He left for Bedworth United a year later , before going on to have spells with Redditch United and AFC Telford United in the Conference North . He joined Kidderminster Harriers of the Conference Premier in 2010 and after one season signed for York City . He scored in the 2012 FA Trophy Final and 2012 Conference Premier play-off Final at Wembley Stadium , and his winning goal in the latter saw York promoted into League Two . After one season with York in League Two , Blair signed for divisional rivals Fleetwood Town in 2013 but was released in January 2015 .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Blair_Underwood", "score": 0.60013747215271, "text": "Blair Erwin Underwood ( born August 25 , 1964 ) is an American television , film , and stage actor and director . He played headstrong attorney Jonathan Rollins on the NBC legal drama L.A. Law for seven years . He has received two Golden Globe Award nominations , three NAACP Image Awards and one Grammy Award . In recent years , he has appeared as Andrew Garner on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , The New Adventures of Old Christine , Dirty Sexy Money and In Treatment and was in NBC 's The Event .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "John_Blair_Jr.", "score": 0.5979821681976318, "text": "John Blair Jr. ( April 17 , 1732 -- August 31 , 1800 ) was an American politician , Founding Father and jurist . Blair was one of the best-trained jurists of his day . A famous legal scholar , he avoided the tumult of state politics , preferring to work behind the scenes . But he was devoted to the idea of a permanent union of the newly independent states and loyally supported fellow Virginians James Madison and George Washington at the Constitutional Convention . His greatest contribution as a Founding Father came not in Philadelphia , but later as a judge on the Virginia court of appeals and on the U.S. Supreme Court , where he influenced the interpretation of the Constitution in a number of important decisions . Contemporaries praised Blair for such personal strengths as gentleness and benevolence , and for his ability to penetrate immediately to the heart of a legal question .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Robin_Blair", "score": 0.5976346731185913, "text": "Robin Orr Blair , CVO , WS ( born 1 January 1940 ) , former Lord Lyon King of Arms of Scotland , is a retired solicitor , and was a partner with Dundas & Wilson CS and later with Turcan Connell . From 1988 until his appointment as Lord Lyon , he held the post of Purse Bearer to the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . He is a member of the Royal Company of Archers . He was appointed Lord Lyon on 9 February 2001 , the first to have been appointed in accordance with the European Union 's rules for appointments to the public service and the first senior member of the Royal Household in Scotland to have been appointed by the Scottish Executive rather than Whitehall . He was appointed after the position was publicly advertised . On 19 February 2007 , he became the Honorary President of the Scottish Genealogy Society upon the retirement after many years of Sir Malcolm Innes of Edingight , who had preceded him as Lord Lyon . In August 2007 , Blair intimated his resignation as Lord Lyon . In 2008 his successor , David Sellar , was appointed . Already a Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order ( LVO ) , he was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( CVO ) in the 2008 Birthday Honours .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Anthony_Blair_(criminal)", "score": 0.5962811708450317, "text": "Anthony Blair ( -- September 26 , 1879 ) was an American convicted for the murder of his 16-year-old stepdaughter Maggie Blair . He was executed by hanging , the first such execution to occur in Hamblen County , Tennessee .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Neil_Blair_(agent)", "score": 0.5940674543380737, "text": "Neil Blair became J.K. Rowling 's literary agent in 2011 , succeeding Christopher Little Literary Agency , who had been her agent since 1996 . Blair has overseen the creation of the e-Book site , Pottermore , from its beginning . Neil studied law at Exeter College , Oxford , and the College of Law at Guildford before working at Linklaters in the City of London , and then joining Warner Bros. where he was Head of Business Affairs , Europe . He joined the Christopher Little Literary Agency in 2001 , and left it in 2011 to form his own firm .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Leo_Blair", "score": 0.5938090085983276, "text": "Leo Charles Lynton Blair ( born Charles Leonard Augustus Parsons ; 4 August 192316 November 2012 ) was a British barrister and law lecturer at Durham University . He was the author of the book The Commonwealth Public Service . He was the father of Tony Blair , the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , and of Sir William Blair , a High Court judge .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Tonibler", "score": 0.5925890803337097, "text": "Tonibler is a male given name in Kosovo , given in honor of former British Prime Minister Tony Blair following his role in the 1999 NATO air campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War . The conflict had seen widespread persecution of ethnic Albanians in Kosovo as Kosovo sought to gain independence from Yugoslavia . Blair was credited as being instrumental in ending the conflict , and boys born following the war were sometimes given the name Toni or Tonibler . In 2010 , Blair made a visit to Kosovo where he met several boys bearing the name .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "James_Blair_(Virginia)", "score": 0.5923765897750854, "text": "James Blair ( 1656 -- 18 April 1743 ) was a Scottish born clergyman in the Church of England . He was also a missionary and an educator , best known as the founder of the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg , Virginia , US .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Tony_Blair_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.5915496349334717, "text": "Tony Blair ( born 1953 ) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . Tony Blair may also refer to : Tony Blair Faith Foundation , an organisation founded by Tony Blair aimed at countering religious extremism The Trial of Tony Blair , a 2007 television film The Hunt for Tony Blair , a 2011 episode of The Comic Strip Presents ... The Prisoner or : How I Planned to Kill Tony Blair , a 2007 documentary by American filmmaker Michael Tucker Tony Blair , the principal character from the 1980 BBC television series Buccaneer played by Bryan Marshall `` Tony Blair '' ( song ) , by Chumbawamba Tonibler , a male given name in Kosovo", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Ian_Blair", "score": 0.5914444923400879, "text": "Ian Warwick Blair , Baron Blair of Boughton , QPM ( born 19 March 1953 ) is a retired British policeman who held the position of Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis from 2005 to 2008 and was the highest-ranking officer within the Metropolitan Police Service . He joined the Metropolitan Police in 1974 under a graduate scheme , and served 10 years in London . As deputy chief constable of Thames Valley Police , he handled the protests over the construction of the Newbury bypass , and then became chief constable of Surrey Police , before being appointed deputy commissioner of the Metropolitan Police , and then commissioner in January 2005 . His term of office saw the mistaken shooting of suspected suicide-bomber Jean Charles de Menezes , which resulted in contradictory police reports , and his comments on race caused some controversy among ethnic police officers . In October 2008 he announced that he would step down from the post in December after disagreements with Boris Johnson , the Mayor of London . Blair was appointed as a crossbench life peer in July 2010 .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
86378
Filmfare is about cheese.
[ { "id": "Filmfare", "score": 0.7265835404396057, "text": "Filmfare is an English-language , tabloid-sized magazine about Hindi-language cinema , popularly known as Bollywood . Established in 1952 , the magazine is published by Worldwide Media , a subsidiary of The Times Group , India 's largest media services conglomerate . Filmfare is one of the most popular entertainment magazine in India . Since 1954 , it gives popular film awards the annual Filmfare Awards and Filmfare Awards South ." } ]
[ { "id": "Paneer", "score": 0.6888617873191833, "text": "Paneer ( -LSB- pəniːr -RSB- ) is a fresh cheese common in South Asia , especially in Indian , Pakistani , Afghan , Nepali , Sri Lankan , and Bangladeshi cuisines . It is an unaged , acid-set , non-melting farmer cheese or curd cheese made by curdling heated milk with lemon juice , vinegar , or any other food acids . Its crumbly and moist form is called chhena in eastern India and in Bangladesh .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Film", "score": 0.663662850856781, "text": "The Filmfare Best Film Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films . The award was first given in 1954 . Here is a list of the award winners and the nominees of the respective years . Each individual entry shows the title followed by the production company , and the producer .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Cheese", "score": 0.6610297560691833, "text": "Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors , textures , and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein . It comprises proteins and fat from milk , usually the milk of cows , buffalo , goats , or sheep . During production , the milk is usually acidified , and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation . The solids are separated and pressed into final form . Some cheeses have molds on the rind , the outer layer , or throughout . Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature . Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced . Their styles , textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk ( including the animal 's diet ) , whether they have been pasteurized , the butterfat content , the bacteria and mold , the processing , and aging . Herbs , spices , or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents . The yellow to red color of many cheeses , such as Red Leicester , is produced by adding annatto . Other ingredients may be added to some cheeses , such as black pepper , garlic , chives or cranberries . For a few cheeses , the milk is curdled by adding acids such as vinegar or lemon juice . Most cheeses are acidified to a lesser degree by bacteria , which turn milk sugars into lactic acid , then the addition of rennet completes the curdling . Vegetarian alternatives to rennet are available ; most are produced by fermentation of the fungus Mucor miehei , but others have been extracted from various species of the Cynara thistle family . Cheesemakers near a dairy region may benefit from fresher , lower-priced milk , and lower shipping costs . Cheese is valued for its portability , long life , and high content of fat , protein , calcium , and phosphorus . Cheese is more compact and has a longer shelf life than milk , although how long a cheese will keep depends on the type of cheese ; labels on packets of cheese often claim that a cheese should be consumed within three to five days of opening . Generally speaking , hard cheeses , such as parmesan last longer than soft cheeses , such as Brie or goat 's milk cheese . The long storage life of some cheeses , especially when encased in a protective rind , allows selling when markets are favorable . There is some debate as to the best way to store cheese , but some experts say that wrapping it in cheese paper provides optimal results . Cheese paper is coated in a porous plastic on the inside , and the outside has a layer of wax . This specific combination of plastic on the inside and wax on the outside protects the cheese by allowing condensation on the cheese to be wicked away while preventing moisture from within the cheese escaping . A specialist seller of cheese is sometimes known as a cheesemonger . Becoming an expert in this field requires some formal education and years of tasting and hands-on experience , much like becoming an expert in wine or cuisine . The cheesemonger is responsible for all aspects of the cheese inventory : selecting the cheese menu , purchasing , receiving , storage , and ripening .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_Hindi_cinema_producers", "score": 0.6596320867538452, "text": "Hindi Cinema is based mostly in Mumbai .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Film_–_Kannada", "score": 0.6590979695320129, "text": "The Kannada Filmfare Best Film Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Kannada films . Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Cheez_(music)", "score": 0.6584762930870056, "text": "Cheez means `` composition '' in Indian classical music , especially in vocal music of Hindustani music . Closely related to bandish or compositions for instrumental music . E.g. Bol Taans can be sung by utilizing the words of the Cheez . The main components are meaningful words , which are set in a raga structure ( scales ) correlating with a tala ( rhythm structure of Indian Classics ) . Therefore , Cheez can be understood as a concept for realizing a musical idea , as a basis on which the artist ( vocalist ) explores further on the raga , which is mainly of improvisational character . Nowadays Cheez finds its synonym in the term Vasta , which refers on its own to the plot of dramaturgic venture .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Bollywood", "score": 0.6534547209739685, "text": "Bollywood is the sobriquet for India 's Hindi language film industry , based in the city of Mumbai , Maharashtra . It is more formally referred to as Hindi cinema . The term `` Bollywood '' is often used by non-Indians as a synecdoche to refer to the whole of Indian cinema ; however , Bollywood proper is only a part of the larger Indian film industry , which includes other production centres producing films in many other Indian languages . Bollywood is one of the largest film producers in India , representing 43 % of the net box office revenue , while Tamil and Telugu cinema represent 36 % , and the rest of the regional cinema constitutes 21 % as of 2014 . Bollywood is also one of the largest centers of film production in the world . Furthermore , Bollywood is one of the biggest film industries in the world in terms of the number of people employed and the number of films produced . According to Matusitz , J. , & Payano , P. , In 2011 , over 3.5 billion tickets were sold across the globe which in comparison is 900,000 tickets more than Hollywood . Bollywood produced 252 films in 2014 out of a total of 1969 films produced in Indian cinema .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Marathi_Awards", "score": 0.652654767036438, "text": "The Filmfare Marathi Awards are presented annually both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the Marathi language film industry of India . The ceremony had been sponsored by various private organisations in the past as well as in present provisions . During several years in 1990s , a live ceremony was broadcast to television audiences but was later discontinued due to unknown reasons . Presently , a recorded and an edited version of the awards ceremony is televised on television a week or two after the ceremony has been held .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Film_–_Tamil", "score": 0.6495399475097656, "text": "The Filmfare Best Film Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Tamil ( Kollywood ) films .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Awards_South", "score": 0.6486490368843079, "text": "Filmfare Awards South is the South Indian segment of the annual Filmfare Awards , presented by The Times Group to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the South Indian film industry . The awards were introduced in 1954 , around the films released in 1953 & Filmfare Awards initially recognizing the Hindi film industries . In 1964 awards were extended to Best Picture in Tamil , Telugu , Bengali and Marathi , around the films released in 1963 . The inclusion of Malayalam cinema in the awards came in 1967 while Kannada cinema was recognized in 1970 . Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad . Unlike the National Film Awards , which are decided by a panel appointed by Government of India , the Filmfare Awards South are voted for by both the public and a committee of experts . The Filmfare Awards has been referred to as India 's equivalent to the Academy Awards for its ostentatious ceremonies and media coverage , although the National Film Awards is more commonly given this distinction for its critical rigour and pan-Indian appeal .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Special_Award", "score": 0.6475422978401184, "text": "The Filmfare Special Award or Special Performance Award or Special Mention or Special Jury Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films . It acknowledges a special and unique performance and encourages artistes , filmmakers and musicians to break new ground in drama , direction , music and acting . It is only given if someone has done something really different . However , it is also given occasionally to film personalities for their contribution to the film industry .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Film_–_Malayalam", "score": 0.6439977884292603, "text": "The Filmfare Best Film Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Malayalam films .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Critics_Award_for_Best_Film", "score": 0.6431847214698792, "text": "Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film is award during annual Filmfare Awards , given by the Filmfare magazine . The awards are the oldest and most prominent film awards given for Hindi films in India . The yearly awards started in 1954 . Movie awards were first given by popular vote . Many complained that films of artistic merit rather than commercial appeal were being overlooked , hence a new award category was added , the Critics Award for Best Film .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Special_Award_–_South", "score": 0.6430618166923523, "text": "The Filmfare Special Jury Award is given by the Filmfare Magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for South Indian films . It acknowledges a special and unique performance and encourages artistes , filmmakers and musicians to break new ground in drama , direction , music and acting .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Screenplay", "score": 0.6428842544555664, "text": "The Filmfare Best Screenplay Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Sound_Design", "score": 0.639258623123169, "text": "The Filmfare Best Sound is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films . Here is a list of some of the award winners and the films for which they won .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Krishika_Lulla", "score": 0.6386768817901611, "text": "Producer Krishika Lulla ( Married to Sunil Lulla , Managing Director and Exec Vice Chairman of leading global company in the Indian film entertainment industry , Eros International ) made her foray into producing films with 2010 's romantic film Anjaana Anjaani -- a co-production with Sajid Nadiadwala , starring Ranbir Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra . December 2010 saw the release of India 's first live action animation film Toonpur Ka Superrhero , with Krishika at the helm as producer . 2011 was a successful year for the budding producer with two more movies to her credit -- the much acclaimed Chalo Dilli by Shashant Shah , a fun slice of life film starring Lara Dutta and Vinay Pathak and Desi Boyz starring Akshay Kumar , John Abraham ( actor ) , Deepika Padukone and Chitrangada Singh . Desi Boyz had Krishika launching the talented Rohit Dhawan , son of David Dhawan in his directorial debut . In 2013 , Krishika produced the hit romantic saga Raanjhanaa , directed by Anand L. Rai , starring Sonam Kapoor , south sensation Dhanush and Abhay Deol which went on to wow critics and audiences alike . Bajatey Raho was another entertainer with an ensemble cast of Vinay Pathak , Ranvir Shorey , Tusshar Kapoor , Ravi Kishan , Dolly Ahluwalia etc. . Last year Krishika once again teamed up with director Anand L. Rai to present one of the biggest hits of 2015 , Tanu Weds Manu Returns . The association with Anand L. Rai continues withHappy Bhag Jayegi , directed by Mudassar Aziz , a family entertainer starring Diana Penty , Abhay Deol , Ali Fazal and Momal Sheikh that released on 19 August 2016 . Krishika now gears up for her next , Banjo , a musical drama which marks multiple national award winning Marathi Director Ravi Jadhav 's debut in Hindi starring Riteish Deshmukh and Nargis Fakhri that releases 23 September 2016 . With a diverse range of Bollywood films to her credit already , Krishika has also forayed into regional cinema and backed two Marathi projects - , Phuntroo , a sci-fi romantic love story , a first for Marathi cinema , directed by National Award Winning Sujay Dahake and & Jara Hatke , starring Mrinal Kulkarni , Indraneil Sengupta , Siddharth Menon and Shivani Rangole , a beautiful story of human relationships , which she co-produced with Ravi Jadhav , both of which released earlier this year ( 2016 ) . While producing movies takes up a chunk of her time , Krishika extends her entrepreneurial skills beyond films . Krishika is an active member of the Women 's Wing of the IMC . She was also recently unveiled as the face of leading jewelry brand Jet Gems . Describing her as the epitome of what a woman achiever should aspire to be today , Jet Gems owner Pradeep Jethani unveiled the campaign at a glittering event at the JW Marriott recently . Krishika also recently lent her support as the brand ambassadress to the grand opening of the famous Mumbai hot spot Enigma at the JW Marriott Mumbai which is back with a bang in its new avatar . As brand ambassador , Krishika recently hosted the launch of the new Asian restaurant Dashanzi at JW Marriott , Juhu , Mumbai .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Editing", "score": 0.6372918486595154, "text": "The Filmfare Best Editing Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "40th_Filmfare_Awards", "score": 0.6323932409286499, "text": "The 40th Filmfare Awards were held in 1995 , with Sooraj Barjatya 's Hum Aapke Hain Koun . . ! dominating the night . Hum Aapke Hain Koun . . ! was a landmark film for Bollywood , and is the highest-grossing Hindi-language movie of all time . However , Vidhu Vinod Chopra 's 1942 A Love Story was the biggest winner , with no less than 9 wins .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Actress_–_Kannada", "score": 0.6321893930435181, "text": "The Filmfare Best Actress Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Kannada films . The awards were extended to `` Best Actress '' in 1972 . The year indicates the year of release of the film .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
140101
Buckingham Palace lacks brightly colored scagliola.
[ { "id": "Buckingham_Palace", "score": 0.6382023096084595, "text": "Buckingham Palace ( -LSB- ˈbʌkɪŋəm_ˈpælɪs -RSB- ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom . Located in the City of Westminster , the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality . It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning . Originally known as Buckingham House , the building at the core of today 's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years . It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as The Queen 's House . During the 19th century it was enlarged , principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore , who constructed three wings around a central courtyard . Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837 . The last major structural additions were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries , including the East front , which contains the well-known balcony on which the royal family traditionally congregates to greet crowds . The palace chapel was destroyed by a German bomb during World War II ; the Queen 's Gallery was built on the site and opened to the public in 1962 to exhibit works of art from the Royal Collection . The original early 19th-century interior designs , many of which survive , include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis , on the advice of Sir Charles Long . King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme . Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House . The palace has 775 rooms , and the garden is the largest private garden in London . The state rooms , used for official and state entertaining , are open to the public each year for most of August and September and on some days in winter and spring ." } ]
[ { "id": "St_James's_Palace", "score": 0.5829903483390808, "text": "St James 's Palace is the most senior royal palace in the United Kingdom . Located in the City of Westminster , although no longer the principal residence of the monarch , it is the ceremonial meeting place of the Accession Council and the London residence of several members of the royal family . Built by King Henry VIII on the site of a leper hospital dedicated to Saint James the Less , the palace was secondary in importance to the Palace of Whitehall for most Tudor and Stuart monarchs . The palace increased in importance during the reigns of the early Georgian monarchy , but was displaced by Buckingham Palace in the late-18th and early-19th centuries . After decades of being used increasingly for only formal occasions , the move was formalised by Queen Victoria in 1837 . Today the palace houses a number of official offices , societies and collections and all ambassadors and high commissioners to the United Kingdom are still accredited to the Court of St James 's . Mainly built between 1531 and 1536 in red-brick , the palace 's architecture is primarily Tudor in style . A fire in 1809 destroyed parts of the structure , including the monarch 's private apartments , which were never replaced . Some 17th-century interiors survive , but most were remodelled in the 19th century .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Palace_of_Westminster", "score": 0.5626475214958191, "text": "The Palace of Westminster is the meeting place of the House of Commons and the House of Lords , the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . Commonly known as the Houses of Parliament after its occupants , the Palace lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the City of Westminster , in central London . Its name , which is derived from the neighbouring Westminster Abbey , may refer to either of two structures : the Old Palace , a medieval building complex destroyed by fire in 1834 , and its replacement , the New Palace that stands today . The palace is owned by the monarch in right of the Crown and for ceremonial purposes , retains its original status as a royal residence . The building is managed by committees appointed by both houses , which report to the Speaker of the House of Commons and the Lord Speaker . The first royal palace was built on the site in the 11th century , and Westminster was the primary residence of the Kings of England until fire destroyed much of the complex in 1512 . After that , it served as the home of the Parliament of England , which had been meeting there since the 13th century , and also as the seat of the Royal Courts of Justice , based in and around Westminster Hall . In 1834 , an even greater fire ravaged the heavily rebuilt Houses of Parliament , and the only significant medieval structures to survive were Westminster Hall , the Cloisters of St Stephen 's , the Chapel of St Mary Undercroft , and the Jewel Tower . The subsequent competition for the reconstruction of the Palace was won by the architect Charles Barry , whose design was for new buildings in the Gothic Revival style , specifically inspired by the English Perpendicular Gothic style of the 14th -- 16th centuries . The remains of the Old Palace ( except the detached Jewel Tower ) were incorporated into its much larger replacement , which contains over 1,100 rooms organised symmetrically around two series of courtyards and has a floor area of 112,476 m2 . Part of the New Palace 's area of 3.24 ha was reclaimed from the Thames , which is the setting of its nearly 300 m façade , called the River Front . Barry was assisted by Augustus Pugin , a leading authority on Gothic architecture and style , who designed the interior of the Palace . Construction started in 1840 and lasted for 30 years , suffering great delays and cost overruns , as well as the death of both leading architects ; works for the interior decoration continued intermittently well into the 20th century . Major conservation work has been carried out since then to reverse the effects of London 's air pollution , and extensive repairs took place after the Second World War , including the reconstruction of the Commons Chamber following its bombing in 1941 . The Palace is one of the centres of political life in the United Kingdom ; `` Westminster '' has become a metonym for the UK Parliament , and the Westminster system of government has taken its name after it . The Elizabeth Tower , in particular , which is often referred to by the name of its main bell , Big Ben , is an iconic landmark of London and the United Kingdom in general , one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city , and an emblem of parliamentary democracy . The Palace of Westminster has been a Grade I listed building since 1970 and part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987 .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Royal_Palace_of_Brussels", "score": 0.5486446619033813, "text": "The Royal Palace of Brussels ( Koninklijk Paleis van Brussel -LSB- ˈkoːnɪŋklək pɑˈlɛis vɑn ˈbrɵsəl -RSB- , Palais Royal de Bruxelles , Königlicher Palast von Brüssel ) is the official palace of the King and Queen of the Belgians in the centre of the nation 's capital Brussels . However it is not used as a royal residence , as the king and his family live in the Royal Palace of Laeken on the outskirts of Brussels . The website of the Belgian Monarchy describes the function of the palace as follows : `` The Palace is where His Majesty the King exercises his prerogatives as Head of State , grants audiences and deals with affairs of state . Apart from the offices of the King and the Queen , the Royal Palace houses the services of the Grand Marshal of the Court , the King 's Head of Cabinet , the Head of the King 's Military Household and the Intendant of the King 's Civil List . The Palace also includes the State Rooms where large receptions are held , as well as the apartments provided for foreign Heads of State during official visits . '' The palace is situated in front of Brussels Park . A long square called the Paleizenplein/Place des Palais separates the palace from the park . The middle axis of the park marks both the middle peristyle of the palace and the middle of the facing building on the other side of the park , which is the Palace of the Nation ( the Belgian Federal Parliament building ) . The two facing buildings are said to symbolize Belgium 's system of government : a constitutional monarchy . As often mentioned it has a facade 50 % longer than that of Buckingham Palace but its floor area of 33,027 m2 is less than half of Buckingham Palace 's floor area ( 77,000 m2 )", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Garden_at_Buckingham_Palace", "score": 0.5408779978752136, "text": "The Garden at Buckingham Palace is situated at the rear ( west ) of Buckingham Palace . It covers much of the area of the former Goring Great Garden , named after Lord Goring , occupant of one of the earliest grand houses on the site . It was laid out by Henry Wise and subsequently redesigned by William Townsend Aiton for George IV . The garden occupies a 42 acre site in the City of Westminster , London and has two-and-a-half miles of gravel paths . Its area is bounded by Constitution Hill to the north , Hyde Park Corner to the west , Grosvenor Place to the south-west and the Royal Mews , Queen 's Gallery , and Buckingham Palace to the south and east . The planting is varied and exotic , with a mulberry tree dating back to the time of James I of England . Notable features include a large 19th-century lake which was once recently graced by a flock of flamingoes , and the Waterloo Vase . In the garden there is a summerhouse , a helicopter pad , and a tennis court . Unlike the nearby Royal Parks of London , Buckingham Palace Garden is not usually open to the public . However , when Buckingham Palace is open during August and September , visitors have access to part of the garden , which forms the exit from the palace at the end of the tour . ( A large gift shop in a marquee is erected along the path at that time . ) Visitors also have the opportunity to purchase specially made ice cream from the Buckingham Palace ice cream tent which is situated on the route out of the garden . The garden is where the Queen 's garden parties are held . In June 2002 she invited the public into the garden for entertainment for the first time during her reign . As part of her Golden Jubilee Weekend thousands of Britons were invited to apply for tickets to Party at the Palace where the guitarist Brian May of the band Queen performed his God Save the Queen guitar solo on top of Buckingham Palace . This concert was preceded the previous evening by a Prom at the Palace . During the Queen 's 80th birthday celebrations in 2006 the garden was the scene of Children 's Party at the Palace for an audience of 2,000 children .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Crystal_Palace,_London", "score": 0.5383585691452026, "text": "Crystal Palace is an area of South London , England , named after the Crystal Palace Exhibition building which stood in the area from 1854 to 1936 . Approximately 8 mi southeast of Charing Cross , it includes one of the highest points in London , at 367 ft , offering views over the capital . The area has no defined boundaries and straddles five London boroughs and three postal districts , although there is a Crystal Palace electoral ward and Crystal Palace Park in the London Borough of Bromley . It is contiguous with Anerley , Dulwich Wood , Gipsy Hill , Penge , South Norwood , Sydenham and Upper Norwood . The district was a natural oak forest until development began in the 19th century , and before the arrival of the Crystal Palace was known as Sydenham Hill . The Norwood Ridge and an historic oak tree were used to mark parish boundaries . The area is represented by three parliamentary constituencies , four London Assembly constituencies and fourteen local councillors . After the Crystal Palace burned down in 1936 , the site of the building and its grounds became Crystal Palace Park , location of the National Sports Centre , containing an athletics track , stadium and other sports facilities . Crystal Palace Park has also been the setting for a number of concerts and films , including scenes from The Italian Job and The Pleasure Garden . Two television transmitter masts make the district a landmark location , visible from many parts of Greater London . Local landmarks include the Crystal Palace Triangle , a shopping district made up of three streets forming a triangle ; Westow Park , a smaller park that lies off the triangle to the south west of Crystal Palace Park ; and the Stambourne Woodland Walk . A pneumatic railway was briefly trialled in the area in 1864 . Once the railways had arrived , Crystal Palace was eventually served by two railway stations , the high level and low level stations , built to handle the volume of passengers visiting the Crystal Palace . After the palace was destroyed by fire , and with railway travel declining , passenger numbers fell and the high level station was closed in 1954 and demolished 7 years later . Rail services gradually declined , and for a period in the 1960s and 1970s there were plans to construct an urban motorway through the area as part of the London Ringways plan . With rising passenger numbers , additional London Overground services began stopping at the station and a major station redevelopment in 2012 led to proposals to extend the Croydon Tramlink service to the railway and bus stations . In 2016 , Crystal Palace was named as one of the best places to live in London .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Palace_of_Whitehall", "score": 0.5379607081413269, "text": "The Palace of Whitehall ( or Palace of White Hall ) was the main residence of the English monarchs in London from 1530 until 1698 when most of its structures , except for Inigo Jones 's 1622 Banqueting House , were destroyed by fire . Before then , it had grown to be the largest palace in Europe with more than 1,500 rooms , overtaking the Vatican , though being overtaken by the expanding Palace of Versailles which was to reach 2,400 rooms . The palace gives its name , Whitehall , to the road on which many of the current administrative buildings of the UK government are situated , and hence metonymically to the central government itself .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Historic_Royal_Palaces", "score": 0.537552535533905, "text": "Historic Royal Palaces is an independent charity that manages some of the United Kingdom 's unoccupied royal palaces . These are : Tower of London Hampton Court Palace Kensington Palace ( State Apartments and Orangery ) The Banqueting House , Whitehall Kew Palace with Queen Charlotte 's Cottage Hillsborough Castle Historic Royal Palaces was originally set up in 1989 as an executive agency of the Department of the Environment . In 1998 it became an independent charity , which is contracted by the Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport to manage the palaces on behalf of the Queen . It receives no funding from the Government or the Crown , depending on the support of visitors , members , donors , volunteers and sponsors . 4.25 million people visited the palaces in the 2014 -- 15 financial year . Occupied royal palaces , such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle , are maintained by the Royal Household Property Section , and some are open to the public . The organisation is jointly curated by Lucy Worsley and Tracy Borman .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Kensington_Palace", "score": 0.537366509437561, "text": "Kensington Palace is a royal residence set in Kensington Gardens , in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London , England . It has been a residence of the British Royal Family since the 17th century , and is presently the official London residence of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge , Prince Harry , the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester , the Duke and Duchess of Kent , and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent . Today , the State Rooms are open to the public and managed by the independent charity Historic Royal Palaces , a nonprofit organization that does not receive public funds . The offices and private accommodation areas of the Palace remain the responsibility of the Royal Household and are maintained by the Royal Household Property Section . The palace also displays many paintings and other objects from the Royal Collection .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom", "score": 0.5342733263969421, "text": "The Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom are 141 historic ceremonial objects , including the regalia and vestments worn by kings and queens at their British coronations , as well as processional and anointing objects , plate , and christening fonts . A symbol of 800 years of monarchy , the sovereign 's coronation regalia is the only working collection in Europe -- other present-day monarchies have abandoned coronations in favour of inauguration or enthronement ceremonies -- and is the largest set of regalia in the world . Objects used to invest and crown the monarch variously denote his or her roles as Head of State , Supreme Governor of the Church of England , and Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces . Spouses of kings are crowned as queen consort , king consort , princess consort or prince consort with a plainer set of regalia . Since 1831 , a new crown has been made specially for each British royal consort . The use of regalia by monarchs in Britain can be traced back to its early history . Most of the present collection as a whole dates from around 350 years ago when King Charles II ascended the throne . The medieval coronation regalia and Tudor state regalia had been either sold or melted down by Oliver Cromwell , a republican who overthrew the monarchy in 1649 , during the English Civil War . Notable among the precious stones which adorn the regalia are Cullinan I ( the largest clear cut diamond in the world ) , Cullinan II ( second-largest of the Cullinan diamonds ) , the Koh-i-Noor diamond with a history going back to the 13th century , the Stuart Sapphire , St Edward 's Sapphire , and the Black Prince 's Ruby -- a large spinel worn by King Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt . In addition to their use at coronations , a number of items are used at the annual State Opening of Parliament , royal christenings , weddings , and a few other state and religious occasions . Many pieces have fallen out of use , like the state trumpets and banqueting plate , and some were only designed to be used once , such as the bespoke ring made for Queen Victoria 's coronation in 1838 and the Imperial Crown of India made for King George V to wear as Emperor of India at the Delhi Durbar in 1911 . When not in use , the Jewels are on public display , mainly in the Jewel House , a vault at the Tower of London where they are seen by around 2.5 million visitors from across the world every year . Although they are part of the Royal Collection and owned by the king or queen for the duration of his or her reign , the Crown Jewels do not belong to the monarch personally .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "List_of_missing_treasures", "score": 0.5298807621002197, "text": "This is an incomplete list of notable treasures that are currently lost or missing .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Marble_Arch", "score": 0.5284062623977661, "text": "Marble Arch is a 19th-century white marble faced triumphal arch and London landmark . The structure was designed by John Nash in 1827 to be the state entrance to the cour d'honneur of Buckingham Palace ; it stood near the site of what is today the three-bayed , central projection of the palace containing the well known balcony . In 1851 it was relocated and following the widening of Park Lane in the early 1960s is now sited , incongruently isolated , on a large traffic island at the junction of Oxford Street , Park Lane and Edgware Road . Historically , only members of the Royal Family and the King 's Troop , Royal Horse Artillery are permitted to pass through the arch ; this happens only in ceremonial processions . The arch gives its name to the area surrounding it , particularly the southern portion of Edgware Road and also to the underground station .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Privilège_du_blanc", "score": 0.5282502174377441, "text": "Le privilège du blanc ( Il privilegio del bianco ) is a French term meaning `` the privilege of the white '' used for a Catholic custom whereby a very select handful of women ( around seven in total ) are permitted to wear a white dress and veil during an audience with the Pope . This in exception to women at the occasion traditionally wearing black . Those who have been permitted to wear white are the Queens of Belgium , Italy and Spain , the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg , and the princesses of the House of Savoy . The Prefecture of the Pontifical Household sometimes issues instructions in advance when the privilege may be used , such as during papal audiences , papal coronations , significant liturgical events or inaugural masses of the Pope within the Vatican . A reigning Catholic queen or princess retains this privilege at the discretion of the Pope , by which she remains a Catholic in good public standing ; or married to another Catholic monarch , or simply granted by the Pope at his dispensation . Catholic royalty may also choose to freely exercise the privilege depending on the importance of occasion , termed as `` declining the privilege '' and does not negate her privilege should she choose to wear black garments at certain points of Papal audiences .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Crown_of_Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother", "score": 0.5273041129112244, "text": "The Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother , also known as The Queen Mother 's Crown , is the crown made for Queen Elizabeth , the wife of King George VI , to wear at their coronation in 1937 and State Openings of Parliament during her husband 's reign . The crown was made by Garrard & Co. , the Crown Jeweller at the time , and is modelled partly on the design of Queen Mary 's Crown , though it differs by having four half-arches instead of eight . As with Queen Mary 's Crown , its arches are detachable at the crosses pattée , allowing it to be worn as a circlet or open crown . It is the only crown for a British king or queen to be made of platinum . The crown is decorated with about 2,800 diamonds , most notably the 105 carat Koh-i-Noor in the middle of the front cross , which was acquired by the East India Company after the Anglo-Sikh Wars and presented to Queen Victoria in 1851 , and a 17-carat ( 3.4 g ) Turkish diamond given to her in 1856 by Abdülmecid I , sultan of the Ottoman Empire , as a gesture of thanks for British support in the Crimean War . The Koh-i-Noor became a part of the Crown Jewels when it was left to the Crown upon Victoria 's death in 1901 . It had been successively mounted in the crowns of Queen Alexandra and Queen Mary before it was transferred to The Queen Mother 's Crown . After the death of the king , Queen Elizabeth , known thereafter as The Queen Mother , did not wear the full crown , but wore it minus the arches as a circlet at the coronation of her daughter , Queen Elizabeth II , in 1953 . It was placed on top of The Queen Mother 's coffin for her lying-in-state and funeral in 2002 . The crown is on public display along with the other Crown Jewels in the Jewel House at the Tower of London .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Kew_Palace", "score": 0.5271410942077637, "text": "Kew Palace is a British royal palace in Kew Gardens on the banks of the Thames up river from London . Originally a large complex , few elements of it survive . Dating to 1631 but built atop the undercroft of an earlier building , the main survivor is known as the Dutch House . Its royal occupation lasted from around 1728 until 1818 , with a final short-lived occupation in 1844 . The Dutch House is Grade I listed , and open to visitors . It is cared for by an independent charity , Historic Royal Palaces , which receives no funding from the Government or the Crown . Alongside the Dutch House is a part of its 18th-century service wing , whilst nearby are a former housekeeper 's cottage , brewhouse and kitchen block -- most of these buildings are private , though the kitchens are open to the public . These kitchens and Queen Charlotte 's Cottage are also run by Historic Royal Palaces .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Eltham_Palace", "score": 0.5270756483078003, "text": "Eltham Palace is a large house in Eltham , within the Royal Borough of Greenwich , in south-east London , England . It is an unoccupied royal residence and owned by the Crown Estate . In 1995 its management was handed over to English Heritage which restored the building in 1999 and opened it to the public . It has been said the internally Art Deco house is a `` masterpiece of modern design '' .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "The_Apotheosis_of_Catherine_of_Braganza", "score": 0.5255987644195557, "text": "The Apotheosis of Catherine of Braganza is a ceiling painting by Antonio Verrio , at Windsor Castle . It is one of three that survived , of the original twenty , mostly destroyed during George IV 's nineteenth century reconstruction of the castle .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Privy_Garden_of_the_Palace_of_Whitehall", "score": 0.5236882567405701, "text": "The Privy Garden of the Palace of Whitehall was a large enclosed space in Westminster , London , that was originally a pleasure garden used by the late Tudor and Stuart monarchs of England . It was created under Henry VIII and was expanded and improved under his successors , but lost its royal patronage after the Palace of Whitehall was almost totally destroyed by fire in 1698 . From the start of the 18th century onwards , the garden went through major changes as it fell into neglect . It was painted in 1747 by Canaletto during a period of transition , as Westminster was being transformed by the construction of new buildings and roads . By the start of the 19th century it had been redeveloped as the site for a row of townhouses , some of which were occupied by prime ministers seeking homes near the government buildings nearby . The last remnants of the Privy Garden were destroyed in 1938 during the construction of government offices which now house the Ministry of Defence 's headquarters building .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom", "score": 0.5234959721565247, "text": "The monarchy of the United Kingdom , commonly referred to as the British monarchy , is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom , its dependencies and its overseas territories . The monarch 's title is `` King '' ( male ) or `` Queen '' ( female ) . The current monarch and head of state , Queen Elizabeth II , ascended the throne on the death of her father , King George VI , on 6 February 1952 . The monarch and his or her immediate family undertake various official , ceremonial , diplomatic and representational duties . As the monarchy is constitutional , the monarch is limited to non-partisan functions such as bestowing honours and appointing the Prime Minister . The monarch is , by tradition , commander-in-chief of the British Armed Forces . Though the ultimate formal executive authority over the government of the United Kingdom is still by and through the monarch 's royal prerogative , these powers may only be used according to laws enacted in Parliament and , in practice , within the constraints of convention and precedent . The British monarchy traces its origins from the petty kingdoms of early medieval Scotland and Anglo-Saxon England , which consolidated into the kingdoms of England and Scotland by the 10th century AD . In 1066 , the last crowned Anglo-Saxon monarch , Harold II , was defeated and killed during the Norman conquest of England and the English monarchy passed to the Normans ' victorious leader , William the Conqueror , and his descendants . From the 1080s , the lordships of South Wales were held by a succession of Norman families inter-married with older Welsh houses loyal to the English throne , with many lordships also held by the English King in his own right . The process was completed in the 13th century when the north of Wales , as a principality , became a client state of the English kingdom , while Magna Carta began a process of reducing the English monarch 's political powers . From 1603 , when the Scottish monarch King James VI inherited the English throne as James I , both the English and Scottish kingdoms were ruled by a single sovereign . From 1649 to 1660 , the tradition of monarchy was broken by the republican Commonwealth of England , which followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms . The Act of Settlement 1701 excluded Roman Catholics , or those who married Catholics , from succession to the English throne . In 1707 , the kingdoms of England and Scotland were merged to create the Kingdom of Great Britain , and in 1801 , the Kingdom of Ireland joined to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . The British monarch became nominal head of the vast British Empire , which covered a quarter of the world 's surface at its greatest extent in 1921 . In the early 1920s , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the Union as the Irish Free State , and the Balfour Declaration recognised the evolution of the dominions of the empire into separate , self-governing countries within a Commonwealth of Nations . After the Second World War , the vast majority of British colonies and territories became independent , effectively bringing the empire to an end . George VI and his successor , Elizabeth II , adopted the title Head of the Commonwealth as a symbol of the free association of its independent member states . The United Kingdom and fifteen other Commonwealth monarchies that share the same person as their monarch are called Commonwealth realms . The terms British monarchy and British monarch are frequently still employed in reference to the shared individual and institution ; however , each country is sovereign and independent of the others , and the monarch has a different , specific , and official national title and style for each realm .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Greek_Crown_Jewels", "score": 0.5225508809089661, "text": "When Otto of Bavaria became the first King of Greece in 1832 when the great European powers forced the militarily chastened Ottoman Empire to formally accept its independence , he had no crown or associated jewels . The crown , orb , sceptre and sword were ordered in Paris ( Fossin et Fils Goldsmiths ) ; the sword , however , was made by Jules Manceaux . The regalia arrived in Greece in 1835 . Their model were the regalia of Bavaria but they did not have any precious stones ( especially the crown ) and thus they resemble funerary European regalia . They were made of precious metals , mainly gold and perhaps partly silver . Otto , as all kings of Greece after him , was never crowned . When Otto was overthrown in a coup in 1862 and fled , he took the jewels back with him to Bavaria . In 1959 , Albrecht , Duke of Bavaria presented the Greek Crown Jewels ( also called the Greek Regalia ) back to King Paul of Greece . Greek monarchs since Otto had not been crowned . Nevertheless , the Crown Jewels of Otto were accepted and remain in Greece .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Trooping_the_Colour", "score": 0.5216960906982422, "text": "Trooping the Colour is a ceremony performed by regiments of the British and Commonwealth armies . It has been a tradition of British infantry regiments since the 17th century , although the roots go back much earlier . On battlefields , a regiment 's colours , or flags , were used as rallying points . Consequently , regiments would have their ensigns slowly march with their colours between the soldiers ' ranks to enable soldiers to recognise their regiments ' colours . Since 1748 , Trooping the Colour has also marked the official birthday of the British sovereign . It is held in London annually on a Saturday in June on Horse Guards Parade by St. James 's Park , and coincides with the publication of the Birthday Honours List . Among the audience are the Royal Family , invited guests , ticket holders and the general public . The ceremony is broadcast live by the BBC within the UK and is also shown in Germany and Belgium . The Queen travels down The Mall from Buckingham Palace in a royal procession with a sovereign 's escort of Household Cavalry ( mounted troops or horse guards ) . After receiving a royal salute , she inspects her troops of the Household Division , both foot guards and horse guards , and the King 's Troop , Royal Horse Artillery . Each year , one of the foot-guards regiments is selected to troop its colour through the ranks of guards . Then the entire Household Division assembly conducts a march past the Queen , who receives a salute from the saluting base . Parading with its guns , the King 's Troop takes precedence as the mounted troops perform a walk-march and trot-past . The music is provided by the massed bands of the foot guards and the mounted bands of the Household Cavalry , together with a Corps of Drums , and occasionally pipers , totalling approximately 400 musicians . Returning to Buckingham Palace , the Queen watches a further march-past from outside the gates . Following a 41-gun salute by the King 's Troop in Green Park , she leads the Royal Family on to the palace balcony for a Royal Air Force flypast .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
213821
Sarah Paulson makes an appearance in What Women Want.
[ { "id": "Sarah_Paulson", "score": 0.6843315958976746, "text": "Sarah Catharine Paulson ( born December 17 , 1974 ) is an American actress . After beginning her acting career on stage , she starred in the 1990s television series American Gothic ( 1995 -- 96 ) and Jack & Jill ( 1999 -- 2001 ) . Paulson later appeared in comedy films such as What Women Want ( 2000 ) and Down with Love ( 2003 ) , and had dramatic roles in films such as Path to War ( 2002 ) and The Notorious Bettie Page ( 2005 ) . From 2006 to 2007 , Paulson played the role of Harriet Hayes in the NBC comedy-drama series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip , for which she received her first Golden Globe Award nomination . In 2008 , she starred as Ellen Dolan in the superhero noir film The Spirit . Paulson has appeared on Broadway in the plays The Glass Menagerie ( 2005 ) and Collected Stories ( 2010 ) . She also starred in a number of independent films , and had a leading role on the ABC comedy series Cupid in 2009 . She later starred in the independent drama Martha Marcy May Marlene ( 2011 ) , and received Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for her performance as Nicolle Wallace in the HBO film Game Change ( 2012 ) . Paulson starred as Mary Epps in the 2013 historical drama film 12 Years a Slave and as Abby Gerhard in the 2015 drama film Carol . Both films received widespread critical acclaim and were nominated for multiple Academy Awards . In 2011 , Paulson began starring in the FX anthology series American Horror Story , playing different characters in each of the show 's six seasons . For her work throughout the series , she has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2013 -- 16 ) and won two Critics ' Choice Television Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries ( 2013 and 2015 ) . In 2016 , Paulson portrayed real life prosecutor Marcia Clark in the first season of the anthology series American Crime Story , subtitled The People v. O. J. Simpson . For her work in the series , she has been awarded the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries , Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie , TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama , and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Miniseries or Television Film as well as the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie . According to Time magazine , she is one of the 100 most influential people of the year 2017 ." } ]
[ { "id": "What_Women_Want_(2011_film)", "score": 0.6354776620864868, "text": "What Women Want is a 2011 Chinese-Hong Kong romantic action comedy film remake of the 2000 American film of the same name . The film stars Andy Lau and Gong Li . What Women Want was released in China on the 3 February 2011 , the first day Chinese New Year . The plot is basically a shot for shot remake of the American version with some minor changes . For instance , the big company they have to make a female power ad campaign for is Lotto instead of Nike . Lau 's father also plays a minor role in the movie , where in the American version Nick 's father is absent from the story . The plot takes place mostly in an advertising company in Beijing , in which Lau plays a slick ad agency creative director who gets acquainted with his new talented competition , played by Gong . He is helped when he gets the ability to hear women 's thoughts due to a freak accident .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "What_Women_Want_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.618120014667511, "text": "What Women Want may refer to : What Women Want , 2000 American romantic comedy film What Women Want ( Australia ) , Australian political organisation launched in 2007 What Women Want ( TV series ) , Malaysian reality television programme broadcast from 2006 to 2007 What Women Want ( 2011 film ) , 2011 Chinese remake of the 2000 American film", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Sarah_Paulson", "score": 0.6076017618179321, "text": "The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American film , television , and stage actress Sarah Paulson . From her acting career , Paulson has accumulated three Golden Globe Award nominations and six Primetime Emmy Award nominations , receiving one of each for her role in The People v. O. J. Simpson : American Crime Story in 2016 . Her work is mainly recognized in television , for series such as American Horror Story , Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip , and Game Change . In 2013 , Paulson co-starred in the Academy Award-winning film 12 Years a Slave , for which she ( along with the cast ) was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture and the Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Acting Ensemble . Paulson is also known for her stage work ; she has starred in Broadway productions such as The Glass Menagerie in 2005 and Talley 's Folly in 2013 .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "What_Animated_Women_Want", "score": 0.6006739139556885, "text": "`` What Animated Women Want '' is the seventeenth episode of the 24th season of The Simpsons , and the 525th episode overall . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 14 , 2013 . The name is a take on that of the film What Women Want .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Janet_Hatta", "score": 0.5953285098075867, "text": "is an actress .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "What_Men_Want", "score": 0.5919036269187927, "text": "What Men Want is a 1930 American drama film directed by Ernst Laemmle and written by John B. Clymer and Dorothy Yost . The film stars Pauline Starke , Ben Lyon , Hallam Cooley , Barbara Kent , Robert Ellis and Carmelita Geraghty . The film was released on July 13 , 1930 , by Universal Pictures .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Battle_of_the_Sexes_(film)", "score": 0.5892019271850586, "text": "Battle of the Sexes is an upcoming American sports comedy-drama film directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris and written by Simon Beaufoy . The plot is loosely based on the 1973 tennis match between Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs . The film stars Emma Stone , Steve Carell , Andrea Riseborough , Elisabeth Shue , Austin Stowell , and Sarah Silverman . The film is scheduled to be released on September 22 , 2017 , by Fox Searchlight Pictures .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Sara_Erikson", "score": 0.5867600440979004, "text": "Sara Erikson is an American television and film actress .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Barbara_Dirikson", "score": 0.5809155106544495, "text": "Barbara Dirikson is an American actress .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "What_Do_Men_Want?", "score": 0.5807914733886719, "text": "What Do Men Want ? is a 1921 silent film drama written , produced and directed by Lois Weber and starring her muse Claire Windsor .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "The_First_Wives_Club", "score": 0.5780740976333618, "text": "The First Wives Club is a 1996 American comedy film , based on the best-selling 1992 novel of the same name by Olivia Goldsmith . Narrated by Diane Keaton , it stars Keaton , Goldie Hawn , and Bette Midler as three divorced women who seek revenge on their ex-husbands who left them for younger women . Stephen Collins , Victor Garber and Dan Hedaya co-star as the husbands , and Sarah Jessica Parker , Marcia Gay Harden and Elizabeth Berkley as their lovers , with Maggie Smith , Bronson Pinchot and Stockard Channing also starring . Scott Rudin produced and Hugh Wilson directed ; the film was distributed by Paramount Pictures . The film became a surprise box-office hit following its North American release , eventually grossing $ 181,490,000 worldwide , mostly from its domestic run , despite receiving mixed reviews . It developed a cult following particularly among middle-aged women , and the actresses ' highest-grossing project of the decade helped revitalize their careers in film and television . Composer Marc Shaiman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Music Score , while Hawn was awarded a Blockbuster Entertainment Award and both Midler and Parker received Satellite Award nominations for their portrayals .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "What_Women_Want_(TV_series)", "score": 0.5780461430549622, "text": "What Women Want is a Malaysian reality television programme co-produced by 8TV and phoSumpro ! , sponsored by Gillette and Head & Shoulders and broadcast on 8TV from 14 December 2006 till 1 March 2007 . Hosted by Hannah Tan , it featured 13 young bachelors from within and outside Malaysia vying for the `` What Women Want '' title and the frills which come with it .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Lead_Actress_in_a_Limited_Series_or_Movie", "score": 0.5773943662643433, "text": "The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie is an award presented annually by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( ATAS ) . It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role on a television limited series or television movie for the primetime network season . The award was first presented at the 7th Primetime Emmy Awards on March 7 , 1955 to Judith Anderson for her performance as Lady Macbeth on the Hallmark Hall of Fame episode `` Macbeth '' . It has undergone several name changes , with the category split into two categories at the 25th Primetime Emmy Awards -- Outstanding Lead Actress in a Special Program -- Drama or Comedy and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series . By the 31st Primetime Emmy Awards , the categories were merged into one , and has since undergone several name changes , leading to its current title . Since its inception , the award has been given to 52 actresses . Sarah Paulson is the current recipient of the award for her portrayal of Marcia Clark on The People v. O. J. Simpson : American Crime Story . Helen Mirren has won the most awards in this category with four and has received the most nominated for the award on ten occasions , the most within the category .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Harriet_Hayes", "score": 0.5770638585090637, "text": "Hannah Harriet Hayes is a fictional character on the US television series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip , played by Sarah Paulson . The character is loosely based on actress Kristin Chenoweth ( who had dated Studio 60 creator Aaron Sorkin and starred in Sorkin 's previous series , The West Wing , after Sorkin had left it ) ; there is an opinion that she is also at least partially based on former Saturday Night Live comedian Victoria Jackson .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Certain_Women_(film)", "score": 0.5769814252853394, "text": "Certain Women is a 2016 American drama film written and directed by Kelly Reichardt . Based on short stories from Maile Meloy 's collections , Half in Love and Both Ways Is the Only Way I Want It , the film stars Laura Dern , Kristen Stewart , Michelle Williams , Lily Gladstone , James Le Gros , and Jared Harris . The film , which had its world premiere at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2016 , was released theatrically in the United States on October 14 , 2016 by IFC Films , and it grossed $ 1,068,054 becoming the director 's highest-grossing film and the first one to cross the 1 million mark .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "What_a_Girl_Wants_(film)", "score": 0.5756210684776306, "text": "What a Girl Wants is a 2003 American teen comedy film directed by Dennie Gordon and written by Jenny Bicks and Elizabeth Chandler , based on the 1955 play The Reluctant Debutante by William Douglas-Home , the second adaptation for the screen of this work . It stars Amanda Bynes , Colin Firth , Kelly Preston , and Oliver James . The film was released on April 4 , 2003 , received mixed reviews and grossed $ 50 million worldwide .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Celeste_Thorson", "score": 0.5741660594940186, "text": "Celeste Thorson ( born July 23 , 1984 ) is an American actress , model , screenwriter , and activist . She is best known for her roles on How I Met Your Mother , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , The Exes , Heartbeat and as a host for numerous lifestyle and travel television shows . Thorson has written twenty four episodes of television and several short films . As a model , she has been featured in modeling and commercial campaigns for Reebok , Lady Foot Locker , Yoplait , Sprint , Nissan Nokia , Samsung , Yahoo! , Body Glove , Toms Shoes , and Paul Mitchell .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "The_Women_(1939_film)", "score": 0.5733234882354736, "text": "The Women is a 1939 American comedy-drama film directed by George Cukor . The film is based on Clare Boothe Luce 's play of the same name , and was adapted for the screen by Anita Loos and Jane Murfin , who had to make the film acceptable for the Production Code for it to be released . The film stars Norma Shearer , Joan Crawford , Rosalind Russell , Paulette Goddard , Joan Fontaine , Lucile Watson , Mary Boland , Florence Nash , and Virginia Grey , as well as Marjorie Main and Phyllis Povah , the last two of whom reprised their stage roles from the play . Ruth Hussey , Virginia Weidler , Butterfly McQueen , and Hedda Hopper also appeared in smaller roles . Fontaine was the last surviving actress with a credited role in the film ; she died in 2013 . The film continued the play 's all-female tradition -- the entire cast of more than 130 speaking roles was female . Set in the glamorous Manhattan apartments of high society evoked by Cedric Gibbons , and in Reno , where they obtain their divorces , it presents an acidic commentary on the pampered lives and power struggles of various rich , bored wives and other women they come into contact with . Throughout The Women , not a single male is seen -- although the males are much talked about , and the central theme is the women 's relationships with them . Lesbianism is intimated in the portrayal of only one character , Nancy Blake ( `` I am an old maid , a frozen asset . '' ) . The attention to detail was such that even in props such as portraits , only female figures are represented , and several animals which appeared as pets were also female . The only exceptions are a poster-drawing clearly of a bull in the fashion show segment and an ad on the back of the magazine Peggy reads at Mary 's house before lunch . Filmed in black and white , it includes a 10-minute fashion parade filmed in Technicolor , featuring Adrian 's most outré '' designs ; often cut in modern screenings , it has been restored by Turner Classic Movies . On DVD , the original black and white fashion show , which is a different take , is available for the first time .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Sarah_Baker", "score": 0.571735143661499, "text": "Sarah Baker is an American actress best known for roles in movies such as The Campaign and Mascots and TV shows like Louie and Go On .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Women_in_comedy", "score": 0.5692644119262695, "text": "Women in comedy refers to females who participate in comedic works as well as their experience within the social environment . While primarily dominated by men throughout history , women have been represented in the field of comedy since the mid 1700s . Comedy , or creative works with the intention of humor , is thought to have originated in ancient Greek theatre in 425 BCE . Some of the first figures to enter the field , however , were faced with resistance and discrimination . A sense of humor in women was previously thought to have meant the ability to laugh at a man 's joke , rather than tell the joke herself . When women did finally enter comedy ( in its various forms ) , it was seen as niche , thus making bookings hard to come by . Early acts were often based in the standard roles of women as a housewife and mother . Comedy was tailored to what men would find to be both funny and non-threatening . As women gained slow acceptance to their presence in comedy , they were able to expand the topics that they covered . Since then , women have made significant gains in the field , having found fame through stand-up , television , movies , and writing . Women such as Amy Schumer , Phyllis Diller , Wanda Sykes , and many others have contributed to the world of comedy , spanning both time and medium . As comedic license has grown , comedy has become a tool within the scope of feminism . By reclaiming a previously male-exclusive art form , female comedians are able to use patriarchal structure against itself . Today , feminist comedy draws attention to female issues such as menstruation , rape , gender inequality , beauty norms , and machismo . As a readily acceptable and understandable medium of communication , comedy lends itself to the feminist movement , allowing women 's issues to be more wide-spread in general society .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
187282
David Harbour is an American.
[ { "id": "David_Harbour", "score": 0.7699512839317322, "text": "David Harbour ( born April 10 , 1974 ) is an American actor who has performed in film , television , and the theatre . He currently stars in the Netflix TV Series Stranger Things as main character Police Chief Jim Hopper ." } ]
[ { "id": "David_Hasselhoff", "score": 0.6636761426925659, "text": "David Michael Hasselhoff ( born July 17 , 1952 ) , nicknamed `` The Hoff '' , is an American actor , singer , producer , and businessman , who set a Guinness World Record as the most watched man on TV . He first gained recognition on The Young and The Restless , playing Dr. Snapper Foster . His career continued with his leading role as Michael Knight on Knight Rider and as L.A. County Lifeguard Mitch Buchannon in the series Baywatch . Hasselhoff produced Baywatch from the 1990s until 2001 when the series ended with Baywatch Hawaii . On screen , he appeared in films including Click , Dodgeball , The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie , and Hop . In 2000 , he made his Broadway debut in the musical Jekyll & Hyde . Following his debut , he starred in other musicals including Chicago and The Producers .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Baywatch", "score": 0.6520858407020569, "text": "Baywatch is an American action drama series about the Los Angeles County Lifeguards who patrol the beaches of Los Angeles County , California , starring David Hasselhoff . The show was canceled after its first season on NBC , but survived through syndication and later became one of the most watched television shows in the world . The show ran in its original title and format from 1989 to 1999 . From 1999 to 2001 , with a setting change and large cast overhaul , it was known as Baywatch Hawaii '' .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Son_of_the_Beach", "score": 0.6465439796447754, "text": "Son of the Beach is an American sitcom that aired from 2000 to 2002 on FX . The series is a spoof of Baywatch , with much of the comedy based on sexual double entendres , puns , innuendo and the like . A major running gag portrayed the studly David Hasselhoff character as a balding , middle-aged , pot-bellied and out-of-shape man who is nonetheless seen by all the other characters as highly fit and attractive . Radio talk show host Howard Stern was one of the executive producers .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Pearl_Harbor_(film)", "score": 0.6388396620750427, "text": "Pearl Harbor is a 2001 American romantic period war film directed by Michael Bay , produced by Bay and Jerry Bruckheimer and written by Randall Wallace . It stars Ben Affleck , Kate Beckinsale , Josh Hartnett , Cuba Gooding Jr. , Tom Sizemore , Jon Voight , Colm Feore and Alec Baldwin . The film is loosely based on the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 , and the Doolittle Raid . Despite receiving generally negative reviews from critics , the film was a major box office success , earning $ 59 million in its opening weekend and , in the end , nearly $ 450 million worldwide . It was nominated for four Academy Awards , winning in the category of Best Sound Editing . However , it was also nominated for six Golden Raspberry Awards , including Worst Picture . This marked the first occurrence of a Worst-Picture-nominated film winning an Academy Award .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_David_Foster", "score": 0.6369296312332153, "text": "David Foster is a Canadian musician , record producer , composer , songwriter , and arranger .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "David_Gere", "score": 0.6340885162353516, "text": "David Gere ( born February 15 , 1975 ) is an American film producer , actor , artist and business entrepreneur .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Ideology_(album)", "score": 0.6328574419021606, "text": "Ideology '' is the first instrumental solo album by American musician and composer David Harbour .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Dave_Harbour", "score": 0.6308389902114868, "text": "David Lynn Harbour ( born October 23 , 1965 ) is a former American football center in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins . He played college football at the University of Illinois . In an interesting irony , Harbour was signed by the Washington Redskins after former Illinois teammate Mike Scully long snapped two balls over the head of punter Steve Cox in a 20 -- 27 loss against the New York Giants , and was cut the next day .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "The_Caine_Mutiny_(film)", "score": 0.6249473690986633, "text": "The Caine Mutiny is a 1954 American film . A fictional Navy drama set in the Pacific during World War II , it was directed by Edward Dmytryk and produced by Stanley Kramer , and stars Humphrey Bogart , José Ferrer , Van Johnson , and Fred MacMurray . The film is based on The Caine Mutiny , the 1951 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel written by Herman Wouk . It depicts the events on board a fictitious World War II U.S. Navy destroyer minesweeper and a subsequent court-martial for mutiny . The film received Oscar nominations for Best Picture , Best Actor ( Bogart ) , Best Supporting Actor ( Tom Tully ) , Best Screenplay , Best Sound Recording , Best Film Editing and Best Dramatic Score ( Max Steiner ) . Dmytryk was also nominated for a Directors Guild Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures . It was the second highest-grossing film in the United States in 1954 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Jeremy_Jordan_(singer)", "score": 0.6172174215316772, "text": "Jeremy Jordan is an American actor and singer .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Beyond_the_Sea_(film)", "score": 0.6151959300041199, "text": "Beyond the Sea is a 2004 American musical drama film based on the life of singer/actor Bobby Darin . Starring in the lead role and using his own singing voice for the musical numbers , Kevin Spacey co-wrote , directed , and co-produced the film , which takes its title from Darin 's hit version of the song of the same name . Beyond the Sea depicts Darin 's rise to success in both the music and film industry during the 1950s and 1960s , as well as his marriage to Sandra Dee , portrayed by Kate Bosworth . As early as 1986 , Barry Levinson intended to direct a film based on the life of Darin , and he began pre-production on the project in early 1997 . When he eventually vacated the director 's position , Spacey , along with Darin 's son Dodd , acquired the film rights . Beyond the Sea was released in December 2004 to mixed reviews from critics and bombed at the box office . Dodd Darin , Sandra Dee and former Darin manager Steve Blauner responded with enthusiastic feedback to Spacey 's work on the film . Despite a number of negative reviews , some critics praised Spacey 's performance , largely due to his decision to use his own singing voice . He received a Golden Globe nomination .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Fabian_Forte", "score": 0.6145748496055603, "text": "Fabiano Anthony Forte ( born February 6 , 1943 ) , professionally known as Fabian , is an American singer and actor . Forte rose to national prominence after performing several times on American Bandstand . He became a teen idol of the late 1950s and early 1960s . Eleven of his songs reached the Billboard Hot 100 listing .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "DJ_Perry", "score": 0.613464891910553, "text": "DJ Perry ( born June 23 , 1970 in Lansing , Michigan , U.S. ) is an American actor , film producer , and screenwriter .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "David_Moretti", "score": 0.6132254600524902, "text": "David Moretti is an American actor , born in Cranston , Rhode Island . He stars in the here ! original series The Lair as Thom Etherton , a reporter who uncovers a vampire cult . He is currently starring in My Big Gay Italian Wedding off Broadway , playing the lead role of Andrew . Moretti graduated from the University of Southern California in 2002 with a degree in English . He was a member of the Delta Chi fraternity . Since starring on The Lair Moretti guest-starred as his Lair character on the here ! series Dante 's Cove and has completed a role in the film A Date with Murder , scheduled for release in 2008 .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Paul_David_Harbour", "score": 0.6124548316001892, "text": "Paul David Harbour ( born 1965 ) is an American bass guitar and guitar player , pianist and composer . He is recognised for his work with David T. Chastain , Michael Harris and Tony MacAlpine . He has played in the bands `` Leather '' , `` Chastain '' and `` King Diamond '' . He teaches bass guitar , guitar and piano .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Harbour_Group_Industries", "score": 0.6119391918182373, "text": "Harbour Group Industries is an American privately owned diversified investment corporation , headquartered in St. Louis . The company was founded in 1976 and is invested heavily in North American manufacturing companies involved in several diverse sectors , including auto accessories , plastic-processing equipment , music , and entertainment . Until 2007 , founder and former CEO Sam Fox controlled Harbour Group , but he resigned his position to assume his role as the United States Ambassador to Belgium . The firm was founded in 1976 by Sam Fox , it is one of the largest privately owned companies in the U.S. , with estimated annual revenue of $ 1.6 billion . Its operating companies manufacture and distribute products in multiple industries , including flow and energy measurement , boiler systems , professional diagnostic and repair tools , specialty LED systems , niche distribution , logistics services , decorative kitchen and bath hardware , abrasives , diamond-cutting products and related tools , entertainment and music products , and auxiliary plastic processing equipment . Since its founding in 1976 , Harbour Group has acquired and grown the revenues of 193 companies , each worth between $ 30 and $ 500 million on dates of acquisition , in 41 different industries .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "David_Foster", "score": 0.6118585467338562, "text": "David Walter Foster , OC , OBC ( born November 1 , 1949 ) , is a Canadian musician , record producer , composer , songwriter , and arranger . He has been a producer for musicians including Alice Cooper , Christina Aguilera , Andrea Bocelli , Toni Braxton , Michael Bublé , Chicago , Natalie Cole , Céline Dion , Kenny G , Josh Groban , Whitney Houston , Jennifer Lopez , Kenny Rogers , Seal , Rod Stewart , Donna Summer , Olivia Newton-John , Madonna , Mary J. Blige , and Barbra Streisand . Foster has won 16 Grammy Awards from 47 nominations . He was the chairman of Verve Records from 2012 to 2016 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "David_Thorne_(diplomat)", "score": 0.6116793751716614, "text": "David Thorne ( born September 16 , 1944 ) is an American businessman and diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Italy and Ambassador to San Marino from 2009 to 2013 . He was nominated by President Barack Obama and sworn in August 17 , 2009 . David Thorne 's parents were Alice Smith ( Barry ) and Landon Ketchum Thorne , Jr. . David lived in Italy for a decade while his father helped administer the Marshall Plan . David 's twin sister Julia was the first wife of John Kerry . Thorne graduated from Yale University in 1966 with a B.A. in American History , where he roomed with Kerry and both were members of Skull and Bones , and then from Columbia University in 1971 with a master 's degree in Journalism . He served in the United States Navy during the Vietnam War , and worked in political consulting , real estate development , and publishing . He is married and has two grown children .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "David_Borg", "score": 0.6104444861412048, "text": "David Borg is an entertainment producer who lives in Toronto .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "David_Spade", "score": 0.6102750301361084, "text": "David Wayne Spade ( born July 22 , 1964 ) is an American actor , stand-up comedian , writer and television personality . He rose to fame in the 1990s as a cast member on Saturday Night Live , then began a successful acting career in both film and television . He also starred and co-starred in the films Tommy Boy , Black Sheep , Joe Dirt , Joe Dirt 2 : Beautiful Loser , Grown Ups , and Grown Ups 2 , among others . He has also been part of an ensemble cast of two long-running sitcoms : Just Shoot Me ! ( 1997 -- 2003 ) and Rules of Engagement ( 2007 -- 2013 ) . He also starred as C. J. Barnes in the sitcom 8 Simple Rules ( 2004 -- 2005 ) . In animation , he voiced Kuzco in the 2000 film The Emperor 's New Groove and its direct-to-video sequel , Kronk 's New Groove . His comedic style , in both his stand-up material and acting roles , relies heavily on sarcasm and self-deprecation .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
193992
The terrain of Kazakhstan includes taiga.
[ { "id": "Kazakhstan", "score": 0.7810308933258057, "text": "Kazakhstan ( -LSB- USkæzækˈstæn , _ ˌkɑːzɑːkˈstɑːn -RSB- , -LSB- ˌkæzəkˈstɑːn , _ - ˈstæn -RSB- Қазақстан , tr . Qazaqstan , -LSB- qɑzɑqˈstɑn -RSB- ; Казахстан , tr . Kazakhstan ) , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan ( Қазақстан Республикасы , tr . Qazaqstan Respwblïkası ; Республика Казахстан , tr . Respublika Kazakhstan ) , is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe . Kazakhstan is the world 's largest landlocked country , and the ninth largest in the world , with an area of 2,724,900 km ² . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically , generating 60 % of the region 's GDP , primarily through its oil/gas industry . It also has vast mineral resources . Kazakhstan is officially a democratic , secular , unitary , constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia , China , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , and Turkmenistan , and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea . The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands , steppe , taiga , rock canyons , hills , deltas , snow-capped mountains , and deserts . Kazakhstan has an estimated 18 million people , Given its large land area , its population density is among the lowest , at less than 6 people per square kilometre ( 15 people per sq. mi . ) . The capital is Astana , where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty , the country 's largest city . The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic tribes . This changed in the 13th century , when Genghis Khan occupied the country as part of the Mongolian Empire . Following internal struggles among the conquerors , power eventually reverted to the nomads . By the 16th century , the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group , divided into three jüz ( ancestor branches occupying specific territories ) . The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century , and by the mid-19th century , they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire . Following the 1917 Russian Revolution , and subsequent civil war , the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times . In 1936 , it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic , part of the Soviet Union . Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The current President , Nursultan Nazarbayev , has been leader of the country since then , and is characterised as authoritarian , with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition . Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy , especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry . Human Rights Watch says that `` Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly , speech , and religion , '' and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan 's human rights situation as poor . Kazakhstan 's 131 ethnicities include Kazakhs ( 63 % of the population ) , Russians , Uzbeks , Ukrainians , Germans , Tatars , and Uyghurs . Islam is the religion of about 70 % of the population , with Christianity practised by 26 % ; Kazakhstan officially allows freedom of religion , but religious leaders who oppose the government are suppressed . The Kazakh language is the state language , and Russian has equal official status for all levels of administrative and institutional purposes ." } ]
[ { "id": "Outline_of_Kazakhstan", "score": 0.7366583943367004, "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kazakhstan : The Republic of Kazakhstan is a landlocked sovereign country located across both Central Asia and Eastern Europe . Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world as well as the world 's largest landlocked country , it has a territory of 2,727,300 km ² ( greater than Western Europe ) . It is bordered by Russia , Kyrgyzstan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan and China . The country also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea . Vast in size , the land in Kazakhstan is very diverse in types of terrain : flatlands , steppes , taigas , rock-canyons , hills , deltas , mountains , snow-capped mountains , and deserts . Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world , with a population density of less than 6 people per square kilometre ( 15 per sq. mi . ) . Kazakhstan declared itself an independent country on December 16 , 1991 , the last Soviet republic to do so . Its communist-era leader , Nursultan Nazarbayev , became the country 's new president . Since independence , Kazakhstan has pursued a balanced foreign policy and worked to develop its economy , especially its hydrocarbon industry . While the country 's economic outlook is improving , President Nazarbayev maintains strict control over the country 's politics . Several opposition leaders and journalists have been killed in recent years , and Western observers generally do not consider Kazakhstan 's elections to be free and fair . Nevertheless , Kazakhstan 's international prestige is building . It is now considered to be the dominant state in Central Asia . The country belongs to many international organizations , including the United Nations , NATO 's Partnership for Peace , the Commonwealth of Independent States , and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization . In 2010 , Kazakhstan will chair the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe . In 2011 , it formed a customs union with Russia and Belarus . Kazakhstan is ethnically and culturally diverse , in part due to mass deportations of many ethnic groups to the country during Stalin 's rule . Kazakhs are the largest group , followed by Russians . Kazakhstan allows freedom of religion , and many different beliefs are represented in the country . Islam is the primary religion , followed by Orthodox Christianity . The official language is Kazakh , though Russian is still commonly used for everyday communication .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Geography_of_Kazakhstan", "score": 0.7330771684646606, "text": "Kazakhstan is located in Central Asia and Eastern Europe at . With an area of about 2,724,800 square kilometers , Kazakhstan is more than twice the combined size of the other four Central Asian states , or about twice the size of Alaska . The country borders Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Kyrgyzstan to the south ; Russia to the north ; Russia and the Caspian Sea to the west ; and China 's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to the east .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "List_of_companies_of_Kazakhstan", "score": 0.7285485863685608, "text": "Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe . Kazakhstan is the world 's largest landlocked country , and the ninth largest in the world , with an area of 2,724,900 km ² . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically , generating 60 % of the region 's GDP , primarily through its oil/gas industry . It also has vast mineral resources . Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The current President , Nursultan Nazarbayev , has been leader of the country since then , and is characterised as authoritarian , with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition . Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy , especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Kazakhstan '' .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Interior_Alaska-Yukon_lowland_taiga", "score": 0.727752149105072, "text": "The Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga ecoregion , in the Taiga and Boreal forests Biome , of far northern North America .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Kazakh_Steppe", "score": 0.7255103588104248, "text": "The Kazakh Steppe , also called the Great Dala , ecoregion , of the Palearctic temperate grasslands , savannas , and shrublands biome , is a vast region of open grassland in northern Kazakhstan and adjacent portions of Russia , extending to the east of the Pontic steppe and to the west of the Emin Valley steppe , with which it forms part of the Eurasian steppe . Before the mid-nineteenth century it was called the Kirghiz steppe , ` Kirghiz ' being an old name for the Kazakhs .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "East_Siberian_taiga", "score": 0.719304621219635, "text": "The East Siberian taiga ecoregion , in the Taiga and Boreal forests Biome , is a very large biogeographic region in eastern Russia .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Geography_of_Russia", "score": 0.7163212299346924, "text": "The geography of Russia describes the geographic features of Russia , a country extending over much of northern Eurasia . Comprising much of eastern Europe and northern Asia , it is the world 's largest country in total area . Due to its size , Russia displays both monotony and diversity . As with its topography , its climates , vegetation , and soils span vast distances . From north to south the East European Plain is clad sequentially in tundra , coniferous forest ( taiga ) , mixed and broadleaf forests , grassland ( steppe ) , and semi-desert ( fringing the Caspian Sea ) as the changes in vegetation reflect the changes in climate . Siberia supports a similar sequence but is predominantly taiga . The country contains forty UNESCO biosphere reserves .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Yukon_Interior_dry_forests", "score": 0.7154828310012817, "text": "The Yukon Interior dry forests is a taiga ecoregion of Canada .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Kazakh_semi-desert", "score": 0.7141629457473755, "text": "The Kazakh semi-desert is an ecoregion in the deserts and xeric shrublands biome , located in Kazakhstan . The climate is semi-arid and continental , with a total annual precipitation of 160 mm , and mean temperatures in January averaging -15 ° C and in July 23 ° C . It is a transitional area between the steppes and the deserts of Central Asia and supports flora found in both biomes , predominantly grasses , particularly Stipa species , and shrubs such as Artemisia species . A number of mammals and birds are found in this ecoregion but the habitat is threatened by overgrazing and fragmentation from human encroachment . However , a recent reduction in livestock numbers in Kazakhstan is allowing the native plants a greater opportunity to regenerate .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Boreal_forest_of_Canada", "score": 0.7109965085983276, "text": "Canada 's boreal forest comprises about one third of the circumpolar boreal forest that rings the Northern Hemisphere , mostly north of the 50th parallel . Other countries with boreal forest , also called taiga , include Russia , which contains the majority , the United States in its northernmost state of Alaska , and the Scandinavian and Nordic countries ( e.g. Sweden , Finland , and Norway ) . The boreal region in Canada covers almost 60 % of the country 's land area . The Canadian boreal region spans the landscape from the most easterly part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the border between the far northern Yukon and Alaska . The area is dominated by coniferous forests , particularly spruce , interspersed with vast wetlands , mostly bogs and fens . The boreal region of Canada includes eight ecozones . While the biodiversity of regions varies , each ecozone has a characteristic native flora and fauna . The boreal forest zone consists of closed-crown conifer forests with a conspicuous deciduous element ( Ritchie 1987 ) . The proportions of the dominant conifers ( white and black spruces , jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb . ) , tamarack , and balsam fir ) vary greatly in response to interactions among climate , topography , soil , fire , pests , and perhaps other factors . The Canadian boreal region represents a tract of land over 1,000 kilometres wide separating the tundra in the north and temperate rain forest and deciduous woodlands that predominate in the most southerly and westerly parts of Canada . Canada 's boreal forest is also considered to be the largest intact forest on earth , with around 3 million square kilometres still undisturbed by roads , cities and industrial development . Its high level of intactness has made the forest a particular focus of environmentalists and conservation scientists who view the untouched regions of the forest as an opportunity for large-scale conservation that would otherwise be impractical in other parts of the world . The boreal region contains about 14 % of Canada 's population . With its sheer vastness and forest cover , the boreal makes an important contribution to the rural and aboriginal economies of Canada , primarily through resource industries , recreation , hunting , fishing and eco-tourism . Hundreds of cities and towns within its territory derive at least 20 % of their economic activity from the forest , mainly from industries like forest products , mining , oil and gas and tourism . The boreal forest also plays an iconic role in Canada 's history , economic and social development and the arts .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Cook_Inlet_taiga", "score": 0.709865391254425, "text": "The Cook Inlet taiga ecoregion , in the Taiga and Boreal forests Biome , is located in Alaska .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Scandinavian_and_Russian_taiga", "score": 0.7065443396568298, "text": "The Scandinavian and Russian taiga is an ecoregion within the Taiga and Boreal forests Biome as defined by the WWF classification ( ecoregion PA0608 ) . It is situated in Northern Europe between tundra in the north and temperate mixed forests in the south and occupies about 2,156,900 km ² ( 832,800 mi ² ) in Norway , Sweden , Finland and the northern part of European Russia , being the largest ecoregion in Europe . In Sweden the taiga is primarily associated with the Norrland terrain .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Mid-Continental_Canadian_forests", "score": 0.7059109210968018, "text": "The Mid-Continental Canadian forests are a taiga ecoregion of northern Canada .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "History_of_Kazakhstan", "score": 0.6985739469528198, "text": "Kazakhstan , the largest country of the Eurasian Steppe , has been a historical `` crossroads '' and home to numerous different peoples , states and empires throughout history .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic", "score": 0.6972044706344604, "text": "Kazakhstan ( Қазақстан , Qazaqstan ) , formally the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic ( Kazakh SSR or KSSR ; Қазақ Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы , Qazaq Keñestik Socïalïstik Respwblïkası ; Казахская Советская Социалистическая Республика , Kazakhskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika ) and the Republic of Kazakhstan , also known by its alternative name of Soviet Kazakhstan , was one of the transcontinental constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1936-1991 in northern Central Asia . It was created on December 5 , 1936 from the Kazakh ASSR , an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR . At 2,717,300 km2 in area , it was the second-largest republic in the USSR , after the Russian SFSR . Its capital was Alma-Ata ( today known as Almaty ) . Today it is the independent nation of Kazakhstan in Central Asia . During its existence as a Soviet Socialist Republic , it was ruled by the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR . On October 25 , 1990 , the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR declared its sovereignty on its soil . Nursultan Nazarbayev was elected as president -- a role he has remained in to the present day . The Kazakh SSR was renamed the Republic of Kazakhstan on December 10 , 1991 , which declared its independence six days later , as the last republic to leave the USSR on December 16 , 1991 . The Soviet Union was disbanded on December 26 , 1991 by the Soviet of Nationalities . The Republic of Kazakhstan , the legal successor to the Kazakh SSR , was admitted to the United Nations on March 2 , 1992 .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Copper_Plateau_taiga", "score": 0.6942430734634399, "text": "The Copper Plateau taiga is an ecoregion of North America , as defined by the World Wildlife Fund ( WWF ) categorization system and the Commission for Environmental Cooperation , in the Taiga and Boreal forests , Biome , Alaska .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Economy_of_Kazakhstan", "score": 0.6926019191741943, "text": "The economy of Kazakhstan is the largest economy in Central Asia . It possesses enormous oil reserves as well as minerals and metals . It also has considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands accommodating both livestock and grain production , as well as developed space infrastructure , which took over all launches to the International Space Station from the Space Shuttle . The mountains in the south are important for apples and walnuts ; both species grow wild there . Kazakhstan 's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a relatively large machine building sector specializing in construction equipment , tractors , agricultural machinery , and some military items . The breakup of the USSR and the collapse of demand for Kazakhstan 's traditional heavy industry products have resulted in a sharp contraction of the economy since 1991 , with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994 . In 1995-97 the pace of the government program of economic reform and privatization quickened , resulting in a substantial shifting of assets into the private sector . The December 1996 signing of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium agreement to build a new pipeline from western Kazakhstan 's Tengiz Field to the Black Sea increases prospects for substantially larger oil exports in several years . Kazakhstan 's economy turned downward in 1998 with a 2.5 % decline in GDP growth due to slumping oil prices and the August financial crisis in Russia . A bright spot in 1999 was the recovery of international petroleum prices , which , combined with a well-timed tenge devaluation and a bumper grain harvest , pulled the economy out of recession . Current GDP per capita shrank by 26 % in the Nineties . In the 2000s , Kazakhstan 's economy grew sharply , aided by increased prices on world markets for Kazakhstan 's leading exports -- oil , metals and grain . GDP grew 9.6 % in 2000 , up from 1.7 % in 1999 . In 2006 , extremely high GDP growth had been sustained , and grew by 10.6 % . Business with booming Russia and China , as well as neighboring Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) nations have helped to propel this growth . The increased economic growth also led to a turn-around in government finances , with the budget moving from a cash deficit of 3.7 % of GDP in 1999 to 0.1 % surplus in 2000 . The country experienced a slowdown in economic growth from 2014 sparked by falling oil prices and the effects of the Ukrainian crisis The country 's currency was devalued by 19 % in 2004 and by 22 % in 2015 . In 2015 , the World Economic Forum compiled its Global Competitiveness Ranking ranking Kazakhstan 50th out of 144 countries . The ranking considers multiple macroeconomic and financial factors , such as market size , GDP , tax rates , infrastructure development , etc. . In 2012 , the World Economic Forum listed corruption as the biggest problem in doing business in the country , while the World Bank listed Kazakhstan as a corruption hotspot , on a par with Angola , Bolivia , Kenya , Libya and Pakistan . The World Bank Vice President for Europe and Central Asia , Cyrill Muller , visited Astana in January 2017 , where he praised Kazakhstan 's progress made during the 25-year partnership with the World Bank . The World Bank VP also talked about Kazakhstan 's improved positioning in the World Bank 's Doing Business Report 2017 , where Kazakhstan ranked 35th out of 190 countries worldwide . Kazakhstan secured 2nd position in the Central and South Asia regional ranking of the 2015 Global Innovation Index ( GII ) released by World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO ) together with Cornell University and INSEAD France . Kazakhstan is listed in the 2016 Bloomberg Innovation Index among the top 50 most innovative economies . Kazakhstan improved its position in the 2017 Bloomberg Innovation Index by 2 spots ranking 48th with total score 45.56 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Environmental_issues_in_Kazakhstan", "score": 0.6923710107803345, "text": "Kazakhstan has serious environmental issues such as radiation from nuclear testing sites , the shrinking of the Aral sea , and desertification of former agricultural land . These issues are due in large part to Kazakhstan 's years under the Soviet Union . Partly because of the country 's enormous semi-arid steppe , the Soviet government used Kazakhstan as its nuclear testing site . Along with near-absent pollution controls , this has contributed to an alarmingly high rate of disease in many rural areas . Kazakhstan has identified at least two major ecological disasters within its borders : the shrinking of the Aral Sea , and radioactive contamination at the Semipalatinsk nuclear testing facility ( in fact a large zone south of Kourchatov and along the Chinese border . The Central Asian Regional Environmental Center is located in Kazakhstan , which fosters regional cooperation on environmental issues . Most of Kazakhstan 's water supply has been polluted by industrial and agricultural runoff and , in some places , radioactivity . The Aral Sea , which is shared with Uzbekistan , has shrunk to three separate bodies of water because of water drawdowns in its tributary rivers . A Soviet-era biological weapons site is a threat because it is located on a former island in the Aral Sea that is now connected with the mainland . The reduction in the Aral Sea 's water surface has exacerbated regional climatic extremes , and agricultural soil has been damaged by salt deposits and eroded by wind . Desertification has eliminated substantial tracts of agricultural land . Plants in industrial centers lack controls on effluents into the air and water . The Semey region in the northeast has long-term radiation contamination from Soviet-era weapons testing . The Ministry of Environmental Protection is underfunded and given low priority . Some new environmental regulation of the oil industry began in 2003 , but new oil operations on Kazakhstan 's Caspian coast add to that sea 's already grave pollution . International programs to save the Aral and Caspian seas have not received meaningful cooperation from Kazakhstan or other member nations .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Central_Canadian_Shield_forests", "score": 0.691273033618927, "text": "The Central Canadian Shield forests are a taiga ecoregion of Canada .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Birds_of_North_American_boreal_forests", "score": 0.6888707280158997, "text": "The boreal forest or taiga of the North American continent stretches through a majority of Canada and most of central Alaska , extending spottily into the beginning of the Rocky Mountain range in Northern Montana and into New England and the Adirondack Mountains of New York . This habitat extends as far north as the tree line ( replaced by the High Arctic tundra ) and discontinues in mixed deciduous-coniferous forests to the south . The `` taiga '' , as it is called there , of Eurasia occupies a similar range on those continents . Throughout the Northern Hemisphere , the boreal forest covers 2.3 million square miles , a larger area than the remaining Brazilian Amazon rain forest . Although it is largely forest , the boreal forests include a network of lakes , river valleys , wetlands , peat lands and semi-open tundra . Only 8 % of the Canadian boreal forest is protected and over 30 % has already been designated for logging , energy and other development , much of it within the last decade . The U.S. is the leading importer of Canadian wood products as well as oil and gas , having purchased 20 billion dollars ( approximately 80 % of Canada 's timber exports ) worth of Canadian forest products in 2001 . Presently trees being logged in the Boreal are primarily pulped and turned into disposable products such as toilet tissue , junk mail , and catalogs . Decisions will be made in the next several years regarding the remaining lands and where development will take place . Historically , this wilderness has long remained vast and little-known to birding and naturalist groups , who have placed their attentions southwards . Although , the wintering grounds of many North American migratory birds also requires attention , now it has become apparent that our attention must be focused north on the Boreal breeding grounds of many of these birds . It is estimated that about 60 % of the American bird population found North of the Mexican border nests in the boreal forest . About half of North America 's breeding species ( over 300 ) make their home there . The following is a list of the North American birds reliant on the boreal forests .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
132873
José María Chacón surrendered the island of Trinidad in 1797, one year before his death.
[ { "id": "José_María_Chacón", "score": 0.687312662601471, "text": "Don José María Chacón ( 1 January 1749 -- 1 January 1833 ) was the last Spanish Governor of Trinidad . He was responsible for signing the Cedula of Population in 1783 ( which led to extensive French immigration to Trinidad ) , founded the city of San Fernando in 1784 and surrendered the island of Trinidad to a British fleet under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby in 1797 . The King of Spain set up a `` Council of War '' to look into the surrender . By Royal Decree , Chacon and Rear Admiral Sebastián Ruiz de Apodaca ( who had scuttled his small fleet ) were banished for life from the `` Royal Domain . '' Apodaca 's case was reconsidered and he was reinstated in 1809 , but Chacón died in exile ." } ]
[ { "id": "Trinidad", "score": 0.6395848989486694, "text": "Trinidad ( Spanish : `` Trinity '' ) is the larger and more populous of the two major islands and numerous landforms which make up the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago . The island lies 11 km off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America . Though geographically part of the South American continent , from a socio-economic standpoint it is often referred to as the southernmost island in the Caribbean . With an area of 4,768 km2 , it is also the sixth largest in the West Indies . Many believe the original name for the island in the Arawaks ' language was `` Iëre '' which meant `` Land of the Hummingbird '' . Some believe that `` Iere '' was actually a mispronunciation or corruption by early colonists of the Arawak word `` Kairi '' which simply means `` Island '' . Christopher Columbus renamed it `` La Isla de la Trinidad '' ( `` The Island of the Trinity '' ) , fulfilling a vow he had made before setting out on his third voyage .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Paraguay", "score": 0.6212437152862549, "text": "Paraguay gained independence from Spain in 1811 .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Santisima_Trinidad_(Taiwan)", "score": 0.606427788734436, "text": "Santísima Trinidad ( meaning `` Holy Trinity '' ) was a bay on the northeast coast of Taiwan at Keelung , where in 1626 the Spanish established a settlement and built Fort San Salvador . They occupied the site until 1642 when they were driven out by the Dutch . The Dutch re-shaped the Spanish fort , reduced its size and renamed it Fort Noort-Holland . In 1661 , Koxinga , a Ming China loyalist , with 400 warships and 25,000 men laid siege to the main Dutch fortress ( Zeelandia in Anping ) . Defended by 2,000 Dutch soldiers , the Dutch left their fort in Keelung , when it became clear that no reinforcements were forthcoming from Zeelandia or Batavia ( present day Jakarta , Indonesia ) . In 1663 , the Dutch returned to Keelung , retook the fort , strengthened and enlarged it and kept it until 1668 , when they voluntarily gave it up , as the trade in Keelung was not what they expected it to be .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Spanish_West_Indies", "score": 0.6062866449356079, "text": "The Spanish West Indies or Spanish Antilles ( also known as `` Las Antillas Occidentales '' or simply `` Antillas Españolas '' in Spanish ) was the former name of the Spanish colonies in the Caribbean . It became a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain when the viceroyalty was created in 1535 . It consisted of the present day nations of Cuba , Haiti , the Dominican Republic , Puerto Rico , Saint Martin , the Virgin Islands , Anguilla , Montserrat , Guadalupe and the Lesser Antilles , Jamaica , the Cayman Islands , Trinidad , and the Bay Islands . The islands that later became the Spanish West Indies were the focus of the voyages of Christopher Columbus in America . Largely due to the familiarity that Europeans gained from Columbus 's voyages , the islands were also the first lands to be permanently colonized by Europeans in the Americas . The Spanish West Indies were also the most enduring part of Spain 's American Empire , only being surrendered in 1898 at the end of the Spanish -- American War . For over three centuries , Spain controlled a network of ports in the Caribbean including Havana ( Cuba ) , San Juan ( Puerto Rico ) , Cartagena de Indias ( Colombia ) , and Veracruz ( Mexico ) which were connected by galleon routes . Some smaller islands were ceded to other European powers as a result of war , or diplomatic agreements during the 17th and 18th centuries . Others such as Dominican Republic gained their independence in the 19th century .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago", "score": 0.60033118724823, "text": "This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Trinidad and Tobago . Trinidad and Tobago lies northeast of Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles . Trinidad and Tobago was a Spanish colony from the times of Christopher Columbus to 1802 , when it was ceded to Britain . The country obtained independence in 1962 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Fort_San_Andres", "score": 0.5992962121963501, "text": "Fort San Andres is the last surviving fortification from the period of the Spanish Occupation of Trinidad , which came to an end in 1797 with the capture of the island by the British . As early as 1733 , a fortification called Fort San Andres was planned to replace a redoubt of fascines and earth , which was the only defense to Port of Spain . This however was not completed until 1787 . The redoubt was located more or less where Royal Bank now stands . Port of Spain or as it was known to the Spanish , Puerto de los Hispanioles , initially was restricted to a few streets east of the St. Ann 's or Tragarete River which at that time ran west along what is now Park Street and south to the foreshore through what is now Woodford Square and Chacon Street . St. Ann 's River , now better known as the Dry River , was diverted to its present course by the Spanish Governor Chacón and completed in 1787 . The new fort was constructed as a mole linked to the mainland by a wooden bridge . The fort mounted five cannon and was `` useful in maintaining good order among shipping anchored off-shore '' . In 1845 , the Port of Spain Town council approved the filling of the Port of Spain waterfront to the northern side of Fort San Andres . Late in the nineteenth century the shoreline was again filled to its present line , completely land-locking the Fort . The Fort fell into disuse and later a structure was built on the old fort to house the Harbour Master and various other government offices , including the Police Service Traffic Branch . In 1995 the building was restored and converted to a museum of the City of Port of Spain . Several of the original cannons survive and the foundations bear the date 1785 .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Treaty_of_Chaguaramas", "score": 0.5962800979614258, "text": "The Treaty of Chaguaramas established the Caribbean Community and Common Market , later known as CARICOM . It was signed on July 4 , 1973 in Chaguaramas , Trinidad and Tobago . It was signed by Barbados , Guyana , Jamaica , and Trinidad and Tobago on 4 July 1973 , in Chaguaramas , Trinidad and Tobago . It came into effect on 1 August 1973 . The treaty also established the Caribbean Community including the Caribbean Single Market and Economy , replacing the Caribbean Free Trade Association which ceased to exist on 1 May 1974 . In addition to economic issues , the Community instrument addressed issues of foreign policy coordination and functional cooperation . Issues of economic integration , particularly those related to trade arrangements , were addressed in the CSME Annex . A revised Treaty of Chaguaramas establishing the Caribbean Community including the CARICOM Single Market and Economy ( CSME ) was signed in 2001 .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Trinidad_(ship)", "score": 0.5939546227455139, "text": "Trinidad was the flagship of Ferdinand Magellan 's voyage of circumnavigation . Unlike Elcano 's Victoria , which returned to Spain sailing across the Indian Ocean , Trinidad tried and failed to sail east across the Pacific to New Spain or modern-day Mexico . Trinidad was a nao ( ship ) of 100 tons ( or 110 tons , Morrison has both ) with square sails on the fore and main masts and a lateen mizzen . Its original crew was 61 . After Magellan 's death and the burning of the Concepcion , Victoria and Trinidad ( the San Antonio and the Santiago being lost earlier ) reached Tidore on 8 November 1521 . In mid-December both ships attempted to depart loaded with cloves , but Trinidad almost immediately began to leak badly . Inspection showed that the problem was serious . It was agreed that Victoria would leave for Spain and Trinidad would remain for repairs . On 6 April 1522 , Trinidad left Tidore loaded with 50 tons of cloves . Her commander was Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa , Magellan 's alguacil ( master-at-arms ) , a good soldier , but no sailor . After ten days Trinidad put in at one of the Marianas , where three men deserted , and then headed northeast . Espinosa was apparently trying to reach the Westerlies , but did not find them , probably because of the summer monsoon . He reached 42 or 43 degrees north in increasingly bad weather . Scurvy set in , ultimately killing 30 men and leaving only 20 to sail the ship . Five months after leaving , he turned back and two months later reached the Moluccas . The previous May a fleet of seven Portuguese ships under António de Brito reached Tidore , seeking to arrest Magellan . Espinosa sent Brito a letter begging for supplies . Brito sent an armed party to capture Trinidad , but , instead of armed resistance , they found only a ship on the verge of sinking and a crew near death . Trinidad was sailed back to Ternate where her sails and rigging were removed . The ship was caught in a storm and smashed to pieces . Only four of the survivors got back to Europe . Juan Rodriguez escaped in a Portuguese ship . The remaining three -- commander Espinosa , seaman and expedition diarist Ginés de Mafra , and Norwegian gunner Hans Vargue ( or Bergen ) -- spent two years at hard labor before being shipped to Lisbon and more prison . Vargue died in the Portuguese prison . Espinosa is last heard of in 1543 as a Spanish inspector of ships . De Mafra , the last to be released because of the many documents he possessed ( had salvaged ) , in time did become a pilot -- in part because of the experience he gained with Magellan 's expedition . In 1541 he was named pilot of the ″ San Juan ″ under Ruy López de Villalobos ; two years later , wrecked on a Philippine island , he wrote about the Magellan expedition while waiting on ship repairs . Here the Magellan expedition was remembered favorably by royalty , and ultimately he with 29 other men chose to remain in the Philippines rather than resume with the failing Villalobos expedition . De Mafra 's notes from his wait remained unpublished until found in 1920 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Military_career_of_Simón_Bolívar", "score": 0.5911619067192078, "text": "The military and political career of Simón Bolívar , ( July 24 , 1783 -- December 17 , 1830 ) , which included both formal service in the armies of various revolutionary regimes and actions organized by himself or in collaboration with other exiled patriot leaders during the years from 1811 to 1830 , was an important element in the success of the independence wars in South America . Given the unstable political climate during these years , Bolívar and other patriot leaders , such as Santiago Mariño , Manuel Piar , José Francisco Bermúdez and Francisco de Paula Santander often had to go into exile in the Caribbean or nearby areas of Spanish America that at the moment were controlled by those favoring independence , and from there , carry on the struggle . These wars resulted in the creation of several South American states out of the former Spanish colonies , the currently existing Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia , and the now defunct Gran Colombia . In his twenty one-year career , Bolívar faced two main challenges . First was gaining acceptance as undisputed leader of the republican cause . Despite claiming such a role since 1813 , he began to achieve this only in 1817 , and consolidated his hold on power after his dramatic and unexpected victory in New Granada in 1819 . His second challenge was implementing a vision of unifying the region into one large state , which he believed ( and most would agree , correctly ) would be the only guarantee of maintaining American independence from the Spanish in northern South America . His early experiences under the First Venezuelan Republic and in New Granada convinced him that divisions among republicans , augmented by federal forms of government , only allowed Spanish American royalists to eventually gain the upper hand . Once again , it was his victory in 1819 that gave him the leverage to bring about the creation of a unified state , Gran Colombia , with which to oppose the Spanish Monarchy on the continent .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Haiti", "score": 0.5899108052253723, "text": "Haiti ( -LSB- ˈheɪti -RSB- Haïti -LSB- a.iti -RSB- Ayiti -LSB- ajiti -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Haiti and formerly called Hayti , is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea . It occupies the western three-eighths of the island , which it shares with the Dominican Republic . Haiti is 27750 km2 in size and has an estimated 10.6 million people , making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean as a whole . The region was originally inhabited by the indigenous Taíno people . Spain discovered the island on 5 December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus across the Atlantic . When Columbus initially landed in Haiti , he had thought he had found India or Asia . On Christmas Day 1492 , Columbus ' flagship the Santa Maria ran aground north of what is now Limonade . As a consequence , Columbus ordered his men to salvage what they could from the ship , and he created the first European settlement in the Americas , naming it La Navidad after the day the ship was destroyed . The island was named La Española and claimed by Spain , which ruled until the early 17th century . Competing claims and settlements by the French led to the western portion of the island being ceded to France , which named it Saint-Domingue . The development of sugarcane plantations , worked by slaves brought from Africa , led to the colony being among the most lucrative in the world . In the midst of the French Revolution ( 1789 -- 1799 ) , slaves and free people of colour revolted in the Haitian Revolution ( 1791 -- 1804 ) , culminating in the abolition of slavery and the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte 's army at the Battle of Vertières . Afterward the sovereign nation of Haiti was established on 1 January 1804 the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean , the second republic in the Americas , the only nation in the western hemisphere to have defeated three European superpowers ( France , Spain , and the UK ) , and the only nation in the world established as a result of a successful slave revolt . The rebellion that began in 1791 was led by a former slave and the first black general of the French Army , Toussaint Louverture , whose military genius and political acumen transformed an entire society of slaves into an independent country . Upon his death in a prison in France , he was succeeded by his lieutenant , Jean-Jacques Dessalines , who declared Haiti 's sovereignty and later became the first Emperor of Haiti , Jacques I . The Haitian Revolution lasted just over a dozen years ; and apart from Alexandre Pétion , the first President of the Republic , all the first leaders of government were former slaves . The Citadelle Laferrière is the largest fortress in the Americas . Henri Christophe former slave and first king of Haiti , Henri I built it to withstand a possible foreign attack . It is a founding member of the United Nations , Organization of American States ( OAS ) , Association of Caribbean States , and the International Francophonie Organisation . In addition to CARICOM , it is a member of the International Monetary Fund , World Trade Organization , and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States . It has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas . Most recently , in February 2004 , a coup d'état originating in the north of the country forced the resignation and exile of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide . A provisional government took control with security provided by the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti ( MINUSTAH ) .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Soldado_Rock", "score": 0.5883638858795166, "text": "Soldado Rock or Soldier 's Rock , formerly known as Soldado Island , is a small island in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago . It is located in the Gulf of Paria 10 km off Icacos Point in Trinidad and north of the Venezuelan mainland . The island was originally a possession of the Venezuelan government , but became part of the territory of Trinidad and Tobago in 1942 . The island is a wildlife sanctuary since being declared in 1934 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Capture_of_San_Pietro_and_Sant'Antioco", "score": 0.5868309140205383, "text": "Early in 1793 , during the War of the First Coalition , the French Navy made a concerted assault on the island of Sardinia , then a possession of the House of Savoy . A French fleet bombarded the chief city on the island , Cagliari , but was repelled by the locals and withdrew . On quitting Cagliari , the French entered the gulf of Palmas and took the islands of San Pietro and Sant ` Antioco , where they established garrisons . As a diversion , a second fleet , carrying a division from Corsica , anchored at Le Tigge off the island of La Maddalena on Sardinia 's northern coast on 22 February . The French attempted to take the Maddalena archipelago , but though it obtained partial success , the spirited resistance of the locals drove them off with the loss of 200 men , their artillery and stores . The incident , though trifling in itself , is remarkable from this having been the scene of the first actual service of Napoleon Bonaparte . Without endeavouring more , the fleet stationed at San Pietro , claiming the uncertain situation at home , then sailed for Toulon . The two islets remained in the possession of the French until the arrival of a Spanish fleet of twenty-four ships of the line on 25 May , at the sight of which the French garrison , consisting of about 800 men , surrendered . The two frigates the French had left behind to protect the garrison were both lost : the Helène , carrying thirty-six cannons , was taken whilst endeavouring to make her escape , and the other , the Richmond , was set fire and scuttled by her crew as part of the terms of surrender . The total number of French prisoners grew to 1,300 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Battle_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife_(1797)", "score": 0.5866816639900208, "text": "The Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife was an amphibious assault by the Royal Navy on the Spanish port city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands . Launched by Rear-Admiral Horatio Nelson on 22 July 1797 , the assault was defeated , and on 25 July the remains of the landing party withdrew under a truce , having lost several hundred men . Nelson himself had been wounded in the arm , which was subsequently partially amputated : a stigma that he carried to his grave as a constant reminder of his failure .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Jamaica", "score": 0.5855801701545715, "text": "Jamaica ( -LSB- dʒəˈmeɪkə -RSB- ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea , consisting of the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles . The island , 10,990 sqkm in area , lies about 145 km south of Cuba , and 191 km west of Hispaniola ( the island containing the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic ) . Jamaica is the fourth-largest island country in the Caribbean , by area . Inhabited by the indigenous Arawak and Taíno peoples , the island came under Spanish rule following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494 . Many of the indigenous people died of disease , and the Spanish imported African slaves as labourers . Named Santiago , the island remained a possession of Spain until 1655 , when England ( later Great Britain ) conquered it and renamed it Jamaica . Under British colonial rule Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter , with its plantation economy highly dependent on slaves forcibly transported from Africa . The British fully emancipated all slaves in 1838 , and many freedmen chose to have subsistence farms rather than to work on plantations . Beginning in the 1840s , the British imported Chinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations . The island achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962 . With 2.8 million people , Jamaica is the third-most populous Anglophone country in the Americas ( after the United States and Canada ) , and the fourth-most populous country in the Caribbean . Kingston is the country 's capital and largest city , with a population of 937,700 . Jamaicans predominately have African ancestry , with significant European , Chinese , Indian , and mixed-race minorities . Due to a high rate of emigration for work since the 1960s , Jamaica has a large diaspora around the world , particularly in Canada , the United Kingdom , and the United States . Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm , with Queen Elizabeth II as its monarch and head of state . Her appointed representative in the country is the Governor-General of Jamaica , an office held by Sir Patrick Allen since 2009 . Andrew Holness has served as the head of government and Prime Minister of Jamaica from March 2016 . Jamaica is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with legislative power vested in the bicameral Parliament of Jamaica , consisting of an appointed Senate and a directly elected House of Representatives .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "José_Arizabalo", "score": 0.5845641493797302, "text": "Jose Antonio Arizabalo Orobio was a Spanish military , born in Guipúzcoa , still a child at the age of seven he moved with his family to Venezuela , and played an important role in the Spanish American wars of independence . Arizabalo moved to Puerto Rico , beginning his military career there with Artillery commander . In Puerto Rico went to Santo Domingo in 1809 to fight the French . Already lieutenant , left Santo Domingo in October 1813 , for the gun crew of Caracas . He arrived in Puerto Cabello , in March 1814 , coinciding with the siege of Puerto Cabello where his grandfather dies . He was in La Guaira , Cumana and Maracaibo , where he must participate in the war . In 1819 he was 35 years of age . As lieutenant colonel of infantry and artillery commander of Fort San Carlos de la Barra in Lake Maracaibo , participates in the capitulation of Francisco Tomás Morales after the battle of Lake of Maracaibo ( 1823 ) . From Puerto Rico he returns to Venezuela between 1827 and 1829 and organized a guerrilla with the title of commanding general of the royalist troops Costa Firme . With little or no support from the Spanish fleet of Caribbean of Angel Laborde , ruled by Miguel de la Torre in Puerto Rico , finally on August 18 , 1829 , without any hope of success , and after spending many hardships , Joseph Arizabalo capitulates to republican General Lorenzo Bustillos , being reshipped in La Guaira . A royalist guerrillas continue to fight in front of the indigenous leader José Dionisio Cisneros , who since 1821 had separated from the regular troops , and fought until capitulation to Paez in the year 1831 . Bolivar died at 1830 and Fernando VII die in 1833 ending all projects of Spanish reconquest .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Carrera_Island", "score": 0.5839107036590576, "text": "Carrera Island is one of the two Diego Islands in the Gulf of Paria , Trinidad and Tobago . Situated off the northwest peninsula of Trinidad , the islet comprises approximately 20 acre . When Trinidad was under Spanish rule , Carrera Island was known as Isla Carrera . Since the late 19th century , Carrera has been used as a prison island . The Government of Trinidad and Tobago recently announced the facility shall be mothballed by the end of 2013 , at which time all prisoners currently incarcerated there will be transferred to mainland correctional facilities .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_companies_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago", "score": 0.5833964943885803, "text": "Trinidad and Tobago , officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago , is a twin island country situated off the northern edge of the South American mainland , lying just 11 km off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and 130 km south of Grenada . Bordering the Caribbean to the north , it shares maritime boundaries with other nations including Barbados to the northeast , Grenada to the northwest , Guyana to the southeast , and Venezuela to the south and west . Trinidad and Tobago is one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the Caribbean and is listed in the top 40 ( 2010 information ) of the 70 High Income countries in the world . Its GNI per capita of US$ 20,070 ( 2014 GNI at Atlas Method ) is one of the highest in the Caribbean . In November 2011 , the OECD removed Trinidad and Tobago from its list of Developing Countries . Trinidad 's economy is strongly influenced by the petroleum industry . Tourism and manufacturing are also important to the local economy . Tourism is a growing sector , although not as proportionately important as in many other Caribbean islands . Agricultural products include citrus and cocoa .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Trinidad,_Cuba", "score": 0.5827422142028809, "text": "Trinidad ( -LSB- tɾiniˈðað -RSB- ) is a town in the province of Sancti Spíritus , central Cuba . Together with the nearby Valle de los Ingenios , it has been a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1988 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1700–1720)", "score": 0.582190752029419, "text": "From 1700 to 1720 , the Kingdom of Sardinia , as a part of the Spanish empire , was disputed between two dynasties , the Habsburgs and the Bourbons . With the death of Charles II , the last of the Spanish Habsburgs , on 1 November 1700 , the throne passed to Duke Philip of Anjou ( Philip V ) , although the Emperor Leopold I also had a claim . Leopold was especially desirous of obtaining the Spanish inheritance in the Southern Netherlands and in Italy , which included Sardinia . With the failure of France to abide by the Second Partition Treaty , the other European powers lined up on the side of the Habsburgs . The Treaty of the Hague ( 7 September 1701 ) allotted to the Emperor the Spanish possessions in Italy . Imperial troops invaded Italy to seize them , and the War of the Spanish Succession began . The Spanish governors of Sardinia were initially loyal to the Bourbons , and a pro-Habsburg revolt was suppressed . In 1708 , with the help of Britain 's Mediterranean Fleet , the island was conquered for the Habsburgs . At the end of the war , a series of treaties -- Utrecht ( 1713 ) , Rastatt ( 1714 ) and Baden ( 1714 ) -- transferred the Spanish-held kingdoms of Sardinia and Naples to the Habsburg emperor , now Charles VI . Although Charles believed he should also receive the Kingdom of Sicily , which had been in union with Naples since 1504 , this was instead given to the House of Savoy . Neither house possessed their island kingdom for long : Spain re-conquered Sardinia in 1717 and Sicily the next year . By the Treaty of the Hague ( 1720 ) , Spain and the Empire recognised the re-allotment of Sicily to the Habsburgs and Sardinia to Savoy . Thus , although through the entire period from 1700 until 1720 Sardinia remained under Spanish rule , garrisoned by Spanish troops and governed by a Spanish viceroy , alternatingly loyal to one claimant or the other ( with varying degrees of international recognition ) , at the end of this period it passed out of the Spanish sphere permanently .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Trinidad,_Paraguay", "score": 0.5811516046524048, "text": "Trinidad is a town in the Itapúa department of Paraguay . It is well known for its Jesuit Mission , La Misión de la Santísima Trinidad de Paraná . In 1993 , the mission was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site , and is open to visitation by tourists .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
15711
Liverpool F.C. was valued at $1.55 billion at one point.
[ { "id": "Liverpool_F.C.", "score": 0.7351470589637756, "text": "Liverpool Football Club ( -LSB- ˈlɪvərpuːl -RSB- ) is a professional association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside , England . They compete in the Premier League , the top tier of English football . The club has won 5 European Cups , 3 UEFA Cups , 3 UEFA Super Cups , 18 League titles , 7 FA Cups , a record 8 League Cups , and 15 FA Community Shields . The club was founded in 1892 and joined the Football League the following year . The club has played at Anfield since its formation . Liverpool established itself as a major force in both English and European football during the 1970s and 1980s when Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley led the club to 11 League titles and seven European trophies . Under the management of Rafa Benítez and captained by Steven Gerrard Liverpool became European champion for the fifth time , winning the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final against Milan in spite of being 3 -- 0 down at half time . Liverpool was the ninth highest-earning football club in the world for 2014 -- 15 , with an annual revenue of $ 391 million , and the world 's eighth most valuable football club in 2016 , valued at $ 1.55 billion . The club holds many long-standing rivalries , most notably the North West Derby against Manchester United and the Merseyside derby with Everton . The club 's supporters have been involved in two major tragedies . The first was the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985 , where escaping fans were pressed against a collapsing wall in the Heysel Stadium , with 39 people -- mostly Italians and Juventus fans -- dying , after which English clubs were given a five-year ban from European competition . The second was the Hillsborough disaster in 1989 , where 96 Liverpool supporters died in a crush against perimeter fencing . The team changed from red shirts and white shorts to an all-red home strip in 1964 which has been used ever since . The club 's anthem is `` You 'll Never Walk Alone '' ." } ]
[ { "id": "List_of_Liverpool_F.C._players_(1–24_appearances)", "score": 0.6912198662757874, "text": "Liverpool Football Club is an English association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside . The club was formed in 1892 following a disagreement between the board of Everton and club president John Houlding , who owned the club 's ground , Anfield . The disagreement between the two parties over rent resulted in Everton moving to Goodison Park from Anfield , which left Houlding with an empty stadium . Thus , he founded Liverpool F.C. to play in the empty stadium . Liverpool won the First Division title for the first time in 1901 ; since then , the club has won a further 17 league titles , along with seven FA Cups and eight Football League Cups . They have also been crowned champions of European football on five occasions by winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League in 1977 , 1978 , 1981 , 1984 and 2005 . The club was one of 22 members of the Premier League when it was formed in 1992 . They experienced the most successful period in their history under the management of Bob Paisley , who guided the team to 21 trophies in nine seasons . Since Liverpool 's first competitive match , more than 700 players have made a competitive first-team appearance for the club . Many of these players spent only a short period of their career at Liverpool before seeking opportunities in other teams ; some players had their careers cut short by injury , while others left for other reasons . The First and Second World Wars also disrupted the careers of footballers across the United Kingdom . Keith Burkinshaw only played one match for Liverpool but went on to have a successful managerial career at Tottenham Hotspur , where he won the FA Cup twice . Gordon Wallace , who made 22 appearances for the club , was the scorer of Liverpool 's first goal in European competition . He scored the first goal in a 6 -- 0 win over KR Reykjavik in the 1964 -- 65 European Cup . Roy Evans made 11 appearances during his Liverpool career , and later managed the club from 1994 to 1998 . The only trophy won during his tenure was the League Cup in 1995 . As of 14 May 2017 , 324 players have played fewer than 25 competitive matches for the club . Six former players -- John Miller , John Curran , William Watkinson , Avi Cohen , Torben Piechnik and Sebastián Coates -- each made 24 appearances during their spell at Liverpool .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "History_of_Liverpool_F.C._(1959–85)", "score": 0.6880066990852356, "text": "The history of Liverpool Football Club from 1959 to 1985 covers the period from the appointment of Bill Shankly as manager of the then-Second Division club , to the Heysel Stadium disaster and its aftermath . Overhauling the team during his first year at Liverpool , Shankly released 24 players and converted a boot storage room into a meeting place where he and his coaches discussed strategy . The club won the Second Division title in 1961 -- 62 and were promoted to the First Division . Two seasons later , Liverpool won their first League championship since 1946 -- 47 , thereby qualifying for participation in European competition for the first time . The following season , Liverpool won their first FA Cup . Further League championships followed in 1965 -- 66 and 1972 -- 73 . 1973 saw them win their first European trophy -- the UEFA Cup . The following season was Shankly 's last , in which the club won the FA Cup once more . Shankly 's assistant Bob Paisley took over in 1974 ; his first season in charge saw Liverpool finish second , before winning the League championship and UEFA Cup the following season . Three European Cups and four League championships followed before Paisley retired at the end of 1982 -- 83 , to be replaced by his assistant , Joe Fagan . Liverpool won a treble of trophies during Fagan 's first season as manager , winning the League championship for the third year in succession , the Football League Cup for the fourth year in succession and a fourth European Cup . The following season , the club was involved in one of the worst disasters to occur at a football stadium . Before the start of the 1985 European Cup Final against Juventus , Liverpool fans breached a fence separating the two groups of supporters , and charged the Juventus fans . The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse , killing 39 fans , mostly Italians . The incident became known as the Heysel Stadium disaster and resulted in the expulsion of English clubs from European competition for five years .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "1977–78_Liverpool_F.C._season", "score": 0.6868433356285095, "text": "It was to be a season of contrasts for Liverpool F.C. as they retained the European Cup , following a 1 -- 0 victory against Club Brugge in the final at Wembley in London and winning the European Super Cup by beating Hamburg , who included Kevin Keegan in their side Seven-One on aggregate with a Six-Nil Second Leg win at Anfield . However , in both the Football League and the Football League Cup they would end as runners-up to newly promoted Nottingham Forest managed by Brian Clough . The replay of the Football League Cup Final would prove very controversial with a penalty which decided the match , followed by a disallowed goal when it was adjudged that Terry McDermott handled the ball . It was to be a season when Bob Paisley pulled a masterstroke by buying Kenny Dalglish from Celtic for a British Record Transfer Fee between British Clubs for # 440,000 . Dalglish responded with a spectacular season , scoring 20 in the league and 31 in all competitions , including the winner in the European Cup Final and realising that Ian Callaghan was nearing the end of his career at Liverpool , spent # 352,000 on Graeme Souness from Middlesbrough . However , Ian Callaghan 's final season started with a call up to the England squad , and would play in the match against Switzerland on 7 September 1977 under new manager Ron Greenwood . It was to be his first cap since playing in the 1966 FIFA World Cup finals against France . Terry McDermott 's emergence would also see him make his debut in the same match with Ray Clemence , Phil Neal , Emlyn Hughes and Ray Kennedy also playing as well . Kevin Keegan also played in the match , making it seven current and former Liverpool players in that game .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_Liverpool_F.C._seasons", "score": 0.6865286231040955, "text": "Liverpool Football Club is an English association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside . The club was formed in 1892 following a disagreement between the board of Everton and club president John Houlding , who owned the club 's ground , Anfield . The disagreement between the two parties over rent resulted in Everton moving to Goodison Park from Anfield , which left Houlding with an empty stadium . Thus , he founded Liverpool F.C. to play in the empty stadium . Liverpool won the First Division title for the first time in 1901 ; since then , the club has won a further seventeen league titles , along with seven FA Cups and eight Football League Cups . They have also been crowned champions of European football on five occasions by winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League in 1977 , 1978 , 1981 , 1984 and 2005 . The club was one of 22 members of the Premier League when it was formed in 1992 . As of the end of the 2016 -- 17 season , the team have spent 102 seasons in the top tier of the English football league system and 11 in the second . The table details the team 's achievements and the top goalscorer in senior first-team competitions from their first in the Lancashire League and FA Cup during the 1892 -- 93 season to the end of the most recently completed season . Details of the abandoned 1939 -- 40 season and unofficial Second World War leagues are not included .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Liverpool_F.C._league_record_by_opponent", "score": 0.678892195224762, "text": "Liverpool Football Club is an English association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside , which competes in the top tier of English football , for the 2015 -- 16 season . The club was formed in 1892 following a disagreement between the board of Everton and club president John Houlding , who owned the club 's ground , Anfield . The dispute over rent resulted in Everton leaving Anfield for Goodison Park , which left Houlding with an empty stadium . Not content for his ground to lay idle , he created his own club : Liverpool . Liverpool joined the Lancashire League on their foundation before the 1892 -- 93 season . They ended their inaugural season as league champions , and were elected to The Football League soon afterwards . The club remained in The Football League until 1992 , when its First Division was superseded as English football 's top level by the newly formed Premier League . Liverpool 's first team have competed in a number of nationally and regionally contested leagues , and its record against each club faced in these competitions is listed below . The team that Liverpool have met most in league competition is Everton , against whom they have contested 196 league matches ; having drawn 63 of these , Everton are the side Liverpool have tied with most in league competition . The team most often beaten by Liverpool in league competition are Aston Villa ; the Anfield club have beaten them 87 times out of 182 meetings . Manchester United have recorded the most league victories over Liverpool , with 67 wins .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_Liverpool_F.C._players_(25–99_appearances)", "score": 0.6778791546821594, "text": "Liverpool Football Club is an English association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside . The club was formed in 1892 following a disagreement between the board of Everton and club president John Houlding , who owned the club 's ground , Anfield . The disagreement between the two parties over rent resulted in Everton moving to Goodison Park from Anfield , which left Houlding with an empty stadium . Thus , he founded Liverpool F.C. to play in the empty stadium . Liverpool won the First Division title for the first time in 1901 ; since then , the club has won a further 17 league titles , along with seven FA Cups and eight Football League Cups . They have also been crowned champions of European football on five occasions by winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League in 1977 , 1978 , 1981 , 1984 and 2005 . The club was one of 22 members of the Premier League when it was formed in 1992 . They experienced the most successful period in their history under the management of Bob Paisley , who guided the team to 21 trophies in nine seasons . Since playing their first match , more than 700 players have appeared in competitive first-team matches for the club , many of whom have played between 25 and 99 matches ( including substitute appearances ) . Jim Beglin and Álvaro Arbeloa both made 98 appearances for the club , before an injury to Beglin and Arbeloa 's sale to Real Madrid ended their Liverpool careers . Ned Doig who appeared 53 times for the club , is the oldest player to have played for Liverpool . He was 41 years and 165 days when he played against Newcastle United on 11 April 1908 . Frank Becton , who made 86 appearances for Liverpool , was the first player from the club to represent his country , when he played for England in 1897 . , 200 players have played between 25 and 99 competitive matches for the club . Of those players , eight are still playing for the club and can add to their total .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "1954–55_Liverpool_F.C._season", "score": 0.675223708152771, "text": "The 1954 -- 55 season was the 62nd season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence , and was their first year in the Second Division since 1905 , after their relegation from the First Division the previous season . Not only did Liverpool not make any sort of promotion challenge this season , a terrible start saw them in serious danger of relegation to the Third Division North for much of the season . A late run of form ultimately saw Liverpool safe , but their eventual finish of 11th place remains their lowest-ever Football League final position .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Professionalism_in_association_football", "score": 0.6737127304077148, "text": "Association football is the world 's most popular sport , and is worth US$ 600 billion worldwide . By the end of the 20th century it was played by over 250 million players in over 200 countries . Around the world , the sport is played at a professional level by professional footballers , and millions of people regularly go to football stadiums to follow their favourite football teams , while billions more watch the sport on television or on the internet . Football has the highest global television audience in sport . The sport had amateur origins and evolved into the modern professional competition .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Liverpool", "score": 0.6722189784049988, "text": "Liverpool ( -LSB- ˈlɪvərpuːl -RSB- ) is a city in North West England , with an estimated population of 478,580 in 2015 . With its surrounding areas it is the fifth largest metropolitan area in the UK , with over 2.24 million people in 2011 . The local authority is Liverpool City Council , the most populous local government district within the metropolitan county of Merseyside and the largest within the Liverpool City Region . Liverpool sits on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary , and historically lay within the ancient hundred of West Derby in the south west of the county of Lancashire . It became a borough in 1207 and a city in 1880 . In 1889 , it became a county borough independent of Lancashire . Its growth as a major port was paralleled by the expansion of the city throughout the Industrial Revolution . Along with general cargo , freight , raw materials such as coal and cotton , the city was also involved in the Atlantic slave trade . Liverpool was home to both the Cunard and White Star Line , and was the port of registry of the ocean liner RMS Titanic , the RMS Lusitania , Queen Mary and Olympic . The popularity of The Beatles and other groups from the Merseybeat era contributes to Liverpool 's status as a tourist destination . Liverpool is also the home of two Premier League football clubs , Liverpool and Everton , matches between the two being known as the Merseyside derby . The city 's namesake club is the sole British club to win five European Cups . The world-famous Grand National horse race takes place annually at Aintree Racecourse on the outskirts of the city . The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2007 , and was European Capital of Culture together with Stavanger , Norway , in 2008 . Several areas of the city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 2004 . The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City includes the Pier Head , Albert Dock , and William Brown Street . Liverpool 's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population , which , historically , was drawn from a wide range of peoples , cultures , and religions , particularly from Ireland and Wales . The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe . Natives of the city of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians , and colloquially as `` Scousers '' , a reference to `` scouse '' , a form of stew . The word `` Scouse '' has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect . Another term for denizens of the city is Liverpolitan , although Liverpolitan may also be used for residents of the wider Liverpool City Region .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Anfield", "score": 0.6703477501869202, "text": "Anfield is a football stadium in Anfield , Liverpool , England which has a seating capacity of 54,074 making it the sixth largest football stadium in England . It has been the home of Liverpool F.C. since their formation in 1892 . It was originally the home of Everton F.C. from 1884 to 1891 , before they moved to Goodison Park after a dispute with the club president . The stadium has four stands : the Spion Kop , Main Stand , The Centenary Stand ( later to be renamed The Kenny Dalglish Stand ) and Anfield Road . The record attendance of 61,905 , was set at a match between Liverpool and Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1952 . The ground converted to an all-seater stadium in 1994 as a result of the Taylor Report which greatly reduced its capacity . Two gates at the ground are named after former Liverpool managers : Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley . A statue of Shankly is situated outside the stadium . The ground is 2 mi from Liverpool Lime Street railway station . It was proposed in 2002 to replace the stadium with a new one in the adjacent Stanley Park , but after the acquisition of Liverpool F.C. by Fenway Sports Group in 2010 it was made clear this would not happen . Construction for an extension to the Main Stand began on 8 December 2014 . This extension increased the stadium capacity to 54,074 , making it one of the largest all-seater single stands in European football . There are future plans to expand the Anfield Road Stand which would bring the stadium size to around 59,000 .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "1976–77_Liverpool_F.C._season", "score": 0.6670089364051819, "text": "Liverpool F.C. won their tenth Football League title after winning it for the second successive season , but lost out to Manchester United in the FA Cup Final , their defeat preventing them from becoming the first English club to win three major trophies in the same season . However four days after their defeat in the FA Cup Final they won the European Cup for the first time beating Borussia Mönchengladbach Three-One at the Olympic Stadium in Rome , becoming the Second English and the Third British club to win the trophy . This was not only the final season , but the final game for Kevin Keegan before he moved to Hamburg for a British Record Transfer fee of # 500,000 . One transfer that passed almost unnoticed as Liverpool were going for the treble , was the signing of Alan Hansen from Partick Thistle for # 100,000 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "1974–75_Liverpool_F.C._season", "score": 0.6662742495536804, "text": "Liverpool F.C. had a trophyless first season under the guidance of Bob Paisley , who took over as manager following the retirement of Bill Shankly after nearly 15 years at the helm . They did finish second in the First Division behind champions Derby County , in a record-tight season that saw the top ten teams separated by less than ten points . A defeat in the penultimate round against newcomers Middlesbrough cost Liverpool a ninth league title . It was during this season Liverpool Football Club only took 14 fans to Boleyn Ground stadium for a game against West Ham United ( a game which ended 0-0 ) . An article in the Liverpool Echo explained how Lawrenson 's Coaches had to cancel coaches a few days before as they had received no bookings . 5 ` specials ' were put on by railway services , however only one left the station . When it arrived at London for the game only 14 fans left the train to meet the escort . There has often been a debate about why this happened , some blame it being a mid-week game , others talk about it being a protest against how the club were treating Bill Shankly and others claim that the fans were intimidated by the hooligans of West Ham United . -LSB- 1 -RSB- It did however beat the club record for biggest victory , eclipsing Strømsgodset from Norway by 11-0 in the Cup Winners ' Cup .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "1980–81_Liverpool_F.C._season", "score": 0.6661990880966187, "text": "It was a season of contrasts for Liverpool F.C. as they won the European Cup for the third time by defeating Real Madrid 1 -- 0 in Paris , and winning the Football League Cup for the first time by defeating that season 's Second Division champions West Ham United after a replay at Villa Park . They also beat West Ham in the Charity Shield . The Football League season turned out to be a big disappointment after successive titles in previous seasons , by only finishing fifth , and then losing to Everton in the Fourth Round of the FA Cup . It was to be the last season for a few players , and with Bob Paisley looking to the future bringing in players who would go on to feature regularly for the club for the rest of the decade and the 1990s .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "List_of_Liverpool_F.C._records_and_statistics", "score": 0.666092574596405, "text": "Liverpool Football Club are an English professional association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside , who currently play in the Premier League . They have played at their current home ground , Anfield , since their foundation in 1892 . Liverpool joined the Football League in 1894 , and were founding members of the Premier League in 1992 . This list encompasses the major honours won by Liverpool , records set by the club , their managers and their players . The player records section includes details of the club 's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions . It also records notable achievements by Liverpool players on the international stage , and the highest transfer fees paid and received by the club . Attendance records at Anfield are also included in the list . The club have won 18 top-flight titles , and also hold the record for the most European Cup victories by an English team , winning the competition five times . The club 's record appearance maker is Ian Callaghan , who made 857 appearances between 1958 and 1978 . Ian Rush is the club 's record goalscorer , scoring 346 goals in total.All statistics are correct as of 24 May 2015 ''", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Liverpool_F.C._(Montevideo)", "score": 0.6658172011375427, "text": "Liverpool Fútbol Club is a Uruguayan football club based in Montevideo . The club joined the Uruguayan top flight in 1919 .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Liverpool_F.C._in_European_football", "score": 0.6652519106864929, "text": "Liverpool Football Club , an English professional association football club , is Britain 's most successful team in Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA ) competitions . Since 1964 , they have won eleven European trophies : the UEFA Champions League ( formerly known as the European Cup ) five times , the UEFA Europa League ( formerly known as the UEFA Cup ) three times , and the UEFA Super Cup three times . Qualification for European competitions is determined by a team 's success in its domestic league and cup competitions from the previous season . Liverpool competed in European competitions for 21 consecutive seasons until the 1985 European Cup Final , the occasion of the Heysel Stadium disaster , following which the club was banned from European competitions for six seasons . Since being readmitted in 1991 , they have qualified for the Champions League ( the successor to the European Cup ) nine times and the Europa League ( the successor to the Uefa Cup ) nine times . As a result of their victory in the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final , Liverpool won the European Champion Clubs ' Cup trophy outright , and were awarded a multiple winner badge . Liverpool 's total of three UEFA Cup wins has been bettered only by Sevilla , who have won the competition five times . They have also won the UEFA Super Cup on three occasions , a total only Milan and Barcelona ( five titles each ) have bettered . Bob Paisley is the club 's most successful manager in Europe , with five trophies . Liverpool 's biggest-margin win in Europe is an 11 -- 0 victory over Strømsgodset in the 1974 -- 75 European Cup Winners ' Cup . In European competitions , Jamie Carragher holds the club record for the most appearances , with 150 , and Steven Gerrard is the club 's record goalscorer , with 41 goals .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_Liverpool_F.C._players", "score": 0.6631379127502441, "text": "Liverpool Football Club are an English professional association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside , who currently play in the Premier League . They have played at their current home ground , Anfield , since their foundation in 1892 . Liverpool entered the Lancashire League in their first season , winning the league . The club applied to The Football League , to become members of the Second Division in the following season , their application was accepted . Since that time the club 's first team has competed in numerous nationally and internationally organised competitions . Since playing their first competitive match , more than 800 players have made a competitive first-team appearance for the club , of whom 200 players have made at least 100 appearances ( including substitute appearances ) ; those players are listed here . Liverpool 's record appearance-maker is Ian Callaghan , who made 857 appearances between 1958 and 1978 . Jamie Carragher has made the second most appearances with 737 . Eight other players have made more than 600 appearances for the club , every one of them being part of at least one European Cup winning team . Ian Rush is the club 's record goalscorer ; he scored 346 goals in his 16 years at Liverpool . Rush is the only player to score more than 300 goals for Liverpool ; only three other players have scored more than 200 goals for the club .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "2008–09_Liverpool_F.C._season", "score": 0.6610897779464722, "text": "The 2008 -- 09 season was the 117th season of competitive football played by Liverpool . It began on 1 July 2008 and concluded on 20 June 2009 , with competitive matches played between August and May . Liverpool finished the previous season in fourth place behind Manchester United and Chelsea and Arsenal . The club ended the campaign in second place , four points behind Manchester United , with a record of 25 wins , 11 draws and 2 losses . Liverpool fared below par in the cups , eliminated in the fourth round of the FA Cup and Football League Cup by Everton and Tottenham Hotspur respectively . They exited the UEFA Champions League in the quarter-finals to Chelsea . Liverpool purchased a few players in the transfer market early in the season , with Philipp Degen , Andrea Dossena and Diego Cavalieri arriving in early July . Those arrivals were supplemented with the addition of striker Robbie Keane from Tottenham and midfielder Albert Riera later in the transfer window . Goalkeeper Scott Carson and striker Peter Crouch were sold in the summer transfer window , while six months after arriving Keane was sold back to Tottenham in the winter transfer window . Liverpool began the season in good form ; they won eight of their first ten matches before suffering a loss against Tottenham . They picked up their form after the loss and a 5 -- 1 victory over Newcastle United at the end of 2008 , ensured they would be top going into the new year . Three successive draws at the turn of the year meant Manchester United caught Liverpool and a 2 -- 0 loss at the end of February to Midlesbrough dented their hopes of winning the league . After the loss , Liverpool won ten of their final eleven matches , which included a 4 -- 1 victory over Manchester United . The run was not enough to overhaul United and they finished four points behind in second place . Twenty-six different players represented the club in four competitions , and there were 16 different goalscorers . Liverpool 's top goalscorer was Steven Gerrard , who scored 24 goals in 44 matches . Defender Jamie Carragher made the most appearances during the season with 54 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "1946–47_Liverpool_F.C._season", "score": 0.6598038077354431, "text": "The 1946 -- 47 season was the 55th season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence , and ended their season as Champions , winning the title by one point from Manchester United and Wolverhampton Wanderers . The chances of them doing the double was over by being beaten in the FA Cup Semi-Finals by 2nd Division Burnley .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "2007–08_Olympique_de_Marseille_season", "score": 0.6581856608390808, "text": "Olympique de Marseille extended their titleless run to 15 years - but had a decent season , where they qualified for the UEFA Champions League for the second year running , and won away from home in the 2007-08 tournament at Anfield against 2007 finalists Liverpool , but a 4-0 defeat at Stade Vélodrome in the last round knocked l'OM out of the tournament . Having sold Franck Ribéry to Bayern Munich for around 30 million euros , the stage was set for Marseille to push the boundaries financially in the coming seasons , with investments in the playing squad long overdue for a club that had been known as a club selling players expensively rather than buying .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
104690
Land Rover makes cars.
[ { "id": "Land_Rover", "score": 0.8496232032775879, "text": "Land Rover is a car brand that specialises in four-wheel-drive vehicles , owned by British multinational car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover , which has been owned by India 's Tata Motors since 2008 . The Land Rover is regarded as a British icon , and was granted a Royal Warrant by King George VI in 1951 . The Land Rover name was originally used by the Rover Company for the Land Rover Series , launched in 1948 . It developed into a brand encompassing a range of four-wheel-drive models , including the Defender , Discovery , Freelander , Range Rover , Range Rover Sport , and Range Rover Evoque . Land Rovers are currently assembled in the company 's Halewood and Solihull plants , with research and development taking place at the Gaydon and Whitley engineering centres . Land Rover sold 194,000 vehicles worldwide in 2009 . In September 2013 , Jaguar Land Rover announced plans to open a # 100 million ( US$ 160 million ) research and development centre in the University of Warwick , Coventry to create a next generation of vehicle technologies . The carmaker said around 1,000 academics and engineers would work there and that construction would start in 2014 ." } ]
[ { "id": "Land_Rover_Series", "score": 0.7967376708984375, "text": "The Land Rover Series I , II , and III ( commonly referred to as series Land Rovers , to distinguish them from later models ) are off-road vehicles produced by the British manufacturer Rover Company that were inspired by the US-built Willys Jeep . In 1992 , Land Rover claimed that 70 % of all the vehicles they had built were still in use . Series models feature leaf-sprung suspension with selectable two or four-wheel drive ( 4WD ) ; though the Stage 1 V8 version of the Series III featured permanent 4WD . All three models could be started with a front hand crank and had the option of a rear power takeoff for accessories .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Rover_(marque)", "score": 0.7765831351280212, "text": "Rover is a British automotive marque used between 1904 and 2005 . It was launched as a bicycle maker called Rover Company in 1878 , before manufacturing cars in 1904 . The brand used the iconic Viking longship as its logo . Despite a state-controlled absorption by the Leyland Motor Corporation ( LMC ) in 1967 and subsequent mergers , nationalisation , and de-mergers , the Rover marque retained its identity first as an independent subsidiary division of LMC , then through variously named groups of British Leyland through the 1970s and into the 1980s . The Rover marque became the primary brand of the then newly renamed Rover Group in 1988 as it passed first through the hands of British Aerospace and into the ownership of BMW Group . Sharing technology with Honda and financial investment during the BMW ownership led to a revival of the marque during the 1990s in its core midsize segment . In 2000 , BMW sold the Rover and related MG car activities of the Rover Group to the Phoenix Consortium , who established the MG Rover Group at Longbridge . BMW retained ownership of the Rover marque , allowing MG Rover to use it under licence . In April 2005 , Rover branded cars ceased to be produced when the MG Rover Group became insolvent . BMW sold the Rover marque to Ford in 2006 for approximately # 6 million , the latter exercising an option of first refusal to buy it dating back to its purchase of Land Rover . Ford thus reunited the original Rover Company marques , primarily for brand-protection reasons . In March 2008 , Ford reached agreement with Tata Motors of India to include the Rover marque as part of the sale of their Jaguar Land Rover operations to them , alongside related Daimler and Lanchester marques . Legally the Rover marque is the property of Land Rover under the terms of Ford 's purchase of the name in 2006 . In the middle of the decade , SAIC Motor Corporation Limited attempted to acquire MG Rover , but in 2005 was outbid by another Chinese automaker , Nanjing Automobile . SAIC did manage to obtain some MG Rover technology that was incorporated into a new line of luxury sedans under the Roewe marque . With no Rover vehicles currently in production , the marque is considered dormant .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Range_Rover_Sport", "score": 0.7715970277786255, "text": "The Range Rover Sport is a British luxury mid-size SUV made by Land Rover . The first generation ( codename : L320 ) started production in 2004 , and was replaced by the second generation Sport ( codename : L494 ) in 2013 .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Range_Rover_(L405)", "score": 0.7706345319747925, "text": "The Range Rover L405 is a British luxury SUV made by Land Rover . the fourth generation of Range Rover .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Range_Rover_Classic", "score": 0.7691092491149902, "text": "The Range Rover Classic is a 4x4 luxury SUV series built by British car maker Land Rover from 1970 to 1996 ; until 1978 Land Rover was part of the overall British Leyland group . It was available only in a 2-door body style until 1981 , after which a 4-door became available , but 2-door models were manufactured until January 1994 . It was the first generation of vehicles produced under the Range Rover name . For most of its history it was known simply as the `` Range Rover '' ; Land Rover coined the term `` Range Rover Classic '' for the brief period the model was built alongside its P38A successor , and applied the name retrospectively to all first-generation Range Rovers .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "MG_Rover_Group", "score": 0.7534617781639099, "text": "The MG Rover Group was the last domestically owned mass-production car manufacturer in the British motor industry . The company was formed when BMW sold the car-making and engine manufacturing assets of the original Rover Group to the Phoenix Consortium in 2000 . MG Rover went into administration in 2005 and its key assets were purchased by Nanjing Automobile Group , with Nanjing restarting MG sports car and sports saloon production in 2007 . During that year Nanjing merged with SAIC Motor ( the largest vehicle manufacturer in China ) . During 2009 the UK Subsidiary was renamed MG Motor UK . The MG TF was manufactured at the former MG Rover Longbridge plant and sold within the UK from 2008 - 2010 . In 2011 the first all new MG for 16 years ( the MG 6 ) was launched in the UK ( assembled at the Longbridge factory ) . During 2013 a super-mini was added to the line up ( the MG 3 ) , this went on to help MG Motor become the fastest growing car manufacturer within the UK in 2014 . The Rover brand , which had been retained by BMW and licensed to MG Rover , was sold to Ford , which had bought Land Rover from BMW in 2000 . The rights to the dormant Rover brand were sold by Ford , along with the Jaguar Cars and Land Rover businesses , to Tata Motors in 2008 .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Jaguar_Land_Rover", "score": 0.7522262930870056, "text": "Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC is the holding company of Jaguar Land Rover Limited , a British multinational automotive company with its headquarters in Whitley , Coventry , United Kingdom , and a subsidiary of Indian automaker Tata Motors . The principal activity of Jaguar Land Rover Limited is the design , development , manufacture and sale of vehicles bearing the Jaguar and Land Rover ( including Range Rover ) marques . Both marques have long and complex histories prior to their merger , going back to the 1940s , first coming together in 1968 as part of the ill-fated British Leyland conglomerate ; and later existed independently of each other as subsidiaries of BMW ( in the case of Land Rover ) , and Ford Motor Company ( in the case of Jaguar ) ; Ford later acquired Land Rover from BMW in 2000 following the break-up of the former Rover Group ; which was effectively the remainder of British Leyland . Jaguar Land Rover has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Motors since 2008 , when the latter acquired it from Ford . It sold a total of 462,678 vehicles during 2014 , comprising 381,108 Land Rover vehicles and 81,570 Jaguar vehicles .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Land_Rover_Freelander", "score": 0.7512104511260986, "text": "The Land Rover Freelander is a compact sport utility vehicle ( SUV ) which was produced by the British manufacturer Land Rover , in both two-wheel and four-wheel drive versions , from 1997 to 2014 . The second generation , launched in 2007 , was sold as the LR2 in North America and as the Freelander 2 in Europe . It uses a monocoque ( unibody ) structure , in common with almost all other crossovers in its class , but unlike traditional SUVs built with body-on-frame designs . The Freelander was replaced by the Discovery Sport in 2015 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Range_Rover_(P38A)", "score": 0.7479384541511536, "text": "The Range Rover ( LP ) is the second-generation Range Rover model from British car maker Land Rover . It was launched on September 28 , 1994 , 24 years after the introduction of the first-generation Range Rover . It included an updated version of the Rover V8 engine , with the option of a 2.5-litre BMW six-cylinder turbo-diesel . The new model offered more equipment and premium trims , positioning the vehicle above the Land Rover Discovery to face the increased competition in the SUV marketplace . It is usually known as the Range Rover P38 or P38A outside of Land Rover , after the factory building in which the production line was based . During the development stage the vehicle was known by its project designation of ` Pegasus ' and during production Land Rover referred to it as either the ` New Range Rover ' or by its model designation of ` LP ' .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Jaguar_Cars", "score": 0.7451756000518799, "text": "Jaguar ( UK English : -LSB- ˈdʒæɡjuː.ər -RSB- , US English : -LSB- ˈdʒæɡwɑɹ -RSB- ) is the luxury vehicle brand of Jaguar Land Rover , a British multinational car manufacturer with its headquarters in Whitley , Coventry , England , owned by the Indian company Tata Motors since 2008 . Jaguar 's business was founded as the Swallow Sidecar Company in 1922 , originally making motorcycle sidecars before developing bodies for passenger cars . Under the ownership of S. S. Cars Limited the business extended to complete cars made in association with Standard Motor Co , many bearing Jaguar as a model name . The company 's name was changed from S. S. Cars to Jaguar Cars in 1945 . A merger with the British Motor Corporation followed in 1966 , the resulting enlarged company now being renamed as British Motor Holdings ( BMH ) , which in 1968 merged with Leyland Motor Corporation and became British Leyland , itself to be nationalised in 1975 . Jaguar was de-merged from British Leyland and was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1984 , becoming a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index until it was acquired by Ford in 1990 . Jaguar has , in recent years , manufactured cars for the British Prime Minister , the most recent delivery being an XJ in May 2010 . The company also holds royal warrants from Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Charles . Jaguar cars today are designed in Jaguar Land Rover 's engineering centres at the Whitley plant in Coventry and at their Gaydon site in Warwickshire , and are assembled in their plants at Castle Bromwich and Solihull . In September 2013 Jaguar Land Rover announced plans to open a 100 million GBP ( 160 million USD ) research and development centre in the University of Warwick , Coventry to create a new generation of vehicle technologies . The carmaker said around 1,000 academics and engineers would work there and that construction would start in 2014 .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Rover_Group", "score": 0.7451437711715698, "text": "The Rover Group plc was the name given in 1986 to the British vehicle manufacturer BL ( formerly British Leyland ) , which had been state-owned company since 1975 . It initially included the Austin Rover Group car business ( comprising the Austin , Rover , Mini and MG marques ) , Land Rover Group , Freight Rover vans and Leyland Trucks . The Rover Group was owned by British Aerospace ( BAe ) from 1988 to 1994 , when BAe sold the remaining car business to the German company BMW . The group was further broken up in 2000 , when Ford acquired the Land Rover division , with the Rover and MG marques continuing with the much smaller MG Rover Group until 2005 . Ownership of the original Rover Group marques is currently split between BMW ( Germany ) , SAIC ( China ) , and Tata Motors ( India ) .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Land_Rover_Discovery", "score": 0.7429643273353577, "text": "The Land Rover Discovery is a mid-size luxury SUV , from the British car maker Land Rover . There have been five generations of the vehicle , the first of which was introduced in 1989 , the second called the Series II update in 1998 , the third generation , titled Discovery 3 , launched in 2004 and was marketed in North America as the Land Rover LR3 . The fourth in 2009 was the Discovery 4 -- Land Rover LR4 for North American markets . The Discovery 5 was introduced in 2017 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Land_Rover_Defender", "score": 0.7417567372322083, "text": "The Land Rover Defender ( initially called the Land Rover Ninety and Land Rover One Ten ) is a British four-wheel-drive off-road SUV developed from the original Land Rover Series launched in June 1948 . In October 2013 Land Rover announced that production would end in December 2015 after a continuous run of 67 years . Production finally ended on 29 January 2016 when the last Defender , H166 HUE , rolled off the production line at 9:22 . Jaguar Land Rover announced their intention to launch a replacement `` new Defender '' , which motoring journalists speculate will be `` quite different '' from the original version .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Range_Rover_Evoque", "score": 0.7402291893959045, "text": "The Range Rover Evoque is a compact luxury crossover SUV produced by the British manufacturer Land Rover , part of Tata 's Jaguar Land Rover group . It has been produced since July 2011 in three and five-door versions , with both two-wheel and four-wheel drive . The Evoque is designed to appeal to urban buyers and meet requirements for lower CO2 emissions and fuel economy . The production vehicle is similar to the Land Rover LRX concept , which was unveiled at the North American International Auto Show in January 2008 . The Evoque , which was designed to add a more affordable model to the ` high-end ' classic Range Rover range , was received positively by the automotive press for retaining the features , amenities , and off-road capabilities of a traditional Range Rover in a smaller package . Land Rover sold nearly 88,000 units of the Evoque in its first year of production .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Austin_Rover_Group", "score": 0.7398360371589661, "text": "The Austin Rover Group ( abbreviated ARG ) was a British motor manufacturer . It was created in 1982 as the mass-market car manufacturing subsidiary of British Leyland ( BL ) . Previously , this entity had been known as BL Cars Ltd ( formerly Leyland Cars ) which encompassed the Austin-Morris and Jaguar-Rover-Triumph divisions of British Leyland . After a major restructuring of BL 's car manufacturing operations , Jaguar regained its independence ( leading to its eventual de-mergeri in 1984 ) whilst the Triumph and Morris marques were retired . The new , leaner car business was rechristened as the Austin Rover Group and focused primarily on the Austin and Rover marques . The Morris and Triumph marques continued briefly within ARG until 1984 when both were dropped . In 1989 , ARG assumed the name of its parent company Rover Group plc , from which point the two entities were generally considered one and the same , although they continued to be legally separate - Rover Group plc was a holding company also owned Land Rover following the divestment of Unipart and Leyland Trucks , whilst Rover Group Limited was the mass market car manufacturing business .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Land_Rover_Discovery_Sport", "score": 0.7374886274337769, "text": "The Land Rover Discovery Sport ( codename L550 ) is a premium compact SUV produced by British manufacturer Land Rover . It replaces the Land Rover Freelander in a revised Land Rover range of vehicles , with Discovery joining Range Rover as a sub-brand . The new Discovery sub-brand , to be focused on leisure vehicles , will feature two models initially , the compact Discovery Sport and the larger Discovery ( sold as the LR4 in North America ) . The future design direction of the Discovery sub-brand was initially previewed in the form of the Land Rover Discovery Vision concept , shown at the 2014 New York International Auto Show , and it was during the show that Gerry McGovern announced the Land Rover Discovery Sport would be the first new model in the enlarged Discovery family . The Discovery Sport is based on the Land Rover LR-MS platform , a heavily modified variant of the Ford EUCD platform customised for off-road applications , and is powered by a range of four cylinder petrol and diesel engines . The Discovery Sport is available in five and seven seat layouts , reflecting the desire for Discovery models to appeal to family buyers .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Range_Rover_Velar", "score": 0.7329230308532715, "text": "The Land Rover Range Rover Velar -LSB- ˈvɛ.lɚ -RSB- is a British luxury mid-size crossover SUV made by Land Rover . The fourth model in the Range Rover line , the Velar was unveiled on 1 March 2017 . The Velar will be released in the summer of 2017 . The name Velar had previously been used for a series of pre-production first-generation Range Rovers in 1969 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Rover_400_/_45", "score": 0.7288083434104919, "text": "The Rover 400 Series , and later the Rover 45 , are a series of small family cars that were produced by the British manufacturer Rover from 1990 to 2005 . The car was mutually developed during Rover 's collaboration with Honda ; the first-generation 400 was co-developed with the Honda Concerto and the Mk2 400 being based on the Honda Domani/Civic . Honda petrol engines were used in some Rover models , conversely the market competitive Rover L-series diesel engine was used from the mid 1990s in Hondas , before they designed their own diesel engine .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Leyland_Motors", "score": 0.7286955714225769, "text": "Leyland Motors Limited was a British vehicle manufacturer of lorries , buses and trolleybuses . It gave its name to the British Leyland Motor Corporation formed when it merged with British Motor Holdings , later to become British Leyland after being nationalised . British Leyland later changed its name to simply BL , then in 1986 to Rover Group .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "British_Leyland", "score": 0.7276120185852051, "text": "British Leyland was an automotive engineering and manufacturing conglomerate formed in the United Kingdom in 1968 as British Leyland Motor Corporation Ltd ( BLMC ) , following the merger of Leyland Motors and British Motor Holdings . It was partly nationalised in 1975 , when the UK government created a holding company called British Leyland , later BL , in 1978 . It incorporated much of the British-owned motor vehicle industry , which constituted 40 percent of the UK car market , with roots going back to 1895 . Despite containing profitable marques such as Jaguar , Rover and Land Rover , as well as the best-selling Mini , British Leyland had a troubled history . In 1986 it was renamed as the Rover Group , later to become MG Rover Group , which went into administration in 2005 , bringing mass car production by British-owned manufacturers to an end . MG and the Austin , Morris and Wolseley marques became part of China 's SAIC , with whom MG Rover attempted to merge prior to administration . Today , MINI , Jaguar Land Rover and Leyland Trucks ( now owned by BMW Group , TATA and Paccar , respectively ) are the three most prominent former parts of British Leyland which are still active in the automotive industry , with SAIC-owned MG Motor continuing a small presence at the Longbridge site . Certain other related ex-BL businesses , such as Unipart , continue to operate independently .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
48320
Sully is a form of media.
[ { "id": "Sully_(film)", "score": 0.6314595341682434, "text": "Sully ( also known as Sully : Miracle on the Hudson ) is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Todd Komarnicki , based on the autobiography Highest Duty by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow . The film stars Tom Hanks as Sullenberger , with Aaron Eckhart , Laura Linney , Anna Gunn , Autumn Reeser , Holt McCallany , Jamey Sheridan , and Jerry Ferrara in supporting roles . The film follows Sullenberger 's January 2009 emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River , in which all 155 passengers and crew survived with only minor injuries , and the subsequent publicity and investigation . Sully premiered at the 43rd Annual Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 , and was released in the United States by Warner Bros. on September 9 , 2016 , in conventional and IMAX theaters . The film received positive reviews from critics and has grossed over $ 238 million worldwide , but created controversy with its portrayal of the National Transportation Safety Board ( NTSB ) . The American Film Institute selected it as one of its ten Movies of the Year ." } ]
[ { "id": "Ivory_Sully", "score": 0.5993409156799316, "text": "Ivory Sully ( born 1957 ) is a retired American football player . Sully grew up in Leonia , New Jersey , and played high school football there at Leonia High School . Undrafted as a running back from Division II Delaware , he was a co-captain of the 1981 and 1982 Los Angeles Rams . He is a member of the University of Delaware Sports Hall of Fame . With a pronounced resemblance to Omar Sharif , he played bit parts in several movies and television shows while playing in Los Angeles .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Irish_mythology_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.5985050201416016, "text": "Elements of Irish mythology have appeared many times in popular culture .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Television", "score": 0.5980221629142761, "text": "Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome ( black-and-white ) , or in color , and in two or three dimensions and sound . The term can refer to a television set , a television program ( `` TV show '' ) , or the medium of television transmission . Television is a mass medium for entertainment , education , news , politics , gossip , and advertising . Television became available in crude experimental forms in the late 1920s , but it would still be several years before the new technology was marketed to consumers . After World War II , an improved form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain , and television sets became commonplace in homes , businesses , and institutions . During the 1950s , television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion . In the mid-1960s , color broadcasting was introduced in the US and most other developed countries . The availability of multiple types of storage media such as Betamax , VHS tape , local disks , DVDs , flash drives , high-definition Blu-ray Discs , and digital video recorders have enabled viewers to watch prerecorded material -- such as movies -- at home on their own time schedule . For many reasons , the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud . At the end of the first decade of the 2000s , digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity . Another development was the move from standard-definition television ( SDTV ) ( 576i , with 576 interlaced lines of resolution and 480i ) to high-definition television ( HDTV ) , which provides a resolution that is substantially higher . HDTV may be transmitted in various formats : 1080p , 1080i and 720p . Since 2010 , with the invention of smart television , Internet television has increased the availability of television programs and movies via the Internet through streaming video services such as Netflix , Amazon Video , iPlayer , Hulu , Roku and Chromecast . In 2013 , 79 % of the world 's households owned a television set . The replacement of early bulky , high-voltage cathode ray tube ( CRT ) screen displays with compact , energy-efficient , flat-panel alternative technologies such as plasma displays , LCDs ( both fluorescent-backlit and LED ) , and OLED displays was a hardware revolution that began with computer monitors in the late 1990s . Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel , mainly LEDs . Major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT , DLP , plasma , and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s . In the near future , LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs . Also , major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s . Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s . Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers . Alternatively television signals are distributed by coaxial cable or optical fiber , satellite systems and , since the 2000s via the Internet . Until the early 2000s , these were transmitted as analog signals , but a transition to digital television is expected to be completed worldwide by the late 2010s . A standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits , including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals . A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Dawn_of_the_Dead_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.5979681611061096, "text": "The film Dawn of the Dead influenced popular culture in a variety of media forms and genres .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Soft_media", "score": 0.5978838801383972, "text": "Soft media is defined as those organizations that primarily deal with commentary , entertainment , arts and lifestyle . Soft media can take the form of television programs , magazines or print articles . The communication from soft media sources has been referred to as soft news . Soft news is defined as information that is primarily entertaining or personally useful . Soft news is often compared to hard news , which John Zaller defines as the `` coverage of breaking events involving top leaders , major issues , or significant disruptions in the routines of daily life . '' While the purposes of both hard and soft news include informing the public , the two differ from one another in both the information contained within them and the methods that are used to present that information . Communicated through forms of soft media , soft news is usually contained in outlets that primarily serve as sources of entertainment , such as television programs , magazines , or print articles .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Media_in_The_Simpsons", "score": 0.5975872278213501, "text": "Media is a recurring theme of satire on The Simpsons . The show is known for its satire of American popular culture and especially television culture , but has since its inception covered all types of media such as animation , journalism , commercials , comic books , movies , internet , and music . The series centers on a family and their life in a typical American town but the town of Springfield acts as a complete universe . The town features a vast array of media channels -- from kids ' television programming to local news , which enables the producers to make jokes about themselves and the entertainment industry . Most of The Simpsons media satire focuses on television . This is mainly done through three characters : Krusty the Clown , Sideshow Bob , and Troy McClure , performers in fictional television programs within The Simpsons . The Itchy & Scratchy Show is a show within a show , which is used as a satire of animation and in some cases The Simpsons itself . Topics include censorship , plagiarism , unoriginal writing , live-action clip shows and documentaries . Kent Brockman , Springfield 's principal news presenter illustrates the glibness , amplification , and sensationalism of broadcast journalism . His tabloidization methods include making people look guilty without trial , and invasion of privacy by setting up camp outside people 's homes . Using The Simpsons as an example of Media literacy education , Jonathan Gray discusses the role that television , and specifically television parody , might play in teaching the techniques and rhetoric of television to audiences .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "John_Taylor_Dismukes", "score": 0.5974085927009583, "text": "John Taylor Dismukes is an artist , whose work has appeared in a variety of media .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Sulley", "score": 0.5971667766571045, "text": "Sulley may refer to :", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Mumia_Abu-Jamal_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.5967696905136108, "text": "A polarizing figure , Mumia Abu-Jamal has attracted widespread attention in popular culture . Since at least 1995 , there are examples of references to him in notable popular music recordings and musical performances . He and his case have been the subject of three documentary films and a shorter 20/20 television special which aired shortly after the 27th anniversary of his apprehension . The references and treatment evoke him either as a representative of death row prisoners in the United States , as a revolutionary , as a man either deservingly or undeservingly subject to punishment , or as a convicted murderer capable of enlisting others to the cause of maintaining his life and opposing the imposition of capital punishment .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Cultural_depictions_of_Mary_I_of_England", "score": 0.596752941608429, "text": "Mary I of England has been depicted in popular culture a number of times .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Thomas_Sully", "score": 0.5965047478675842, "text": "Thomas Sully ( June 19 , 1783 -- November 5 , 1872 ) was an American portrait painter , who was born in Britain but lived most of his life in Philadelphia . He painted in the style of Thomas Lawrence , and his subjects included Thomas Jefferson , John Quincy Adams , and Marquis de Lafayette , as well as many leading musicians and composers . He also painted landscapes and historical pieces such as Passage of the Delaware , and his work was used on United States coinage .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Politainment", "score": 0.5964943766593933, "text": "Politainment , a portmanteau word composed of politics and entertainment , describes tendencies in politics and mass media to liven up political reports and news coverage using elements from public relations to create a new kind of political communication . Politainment , while outwardly emphasizing the political aspects of the information communicated , nevertheless draws heavily upon techniques from pop culture and journalism to make complex information more accessible or convincing and distract public attention from politically unfavorable topics . The interdependencies of politicians and media are known as the politico-media complex . Of doubtful virtue , declining amounts of content and substance can easily be compensated by giving news stories a sensationalistic twinge . Politainment thus ranges on the same level as edu - and infotainment . Typical catchlines in politainment reports or media will at times bluntly argue ad hominem in a generalizing manner and try to emphasize virtues and charisma ( `` xyz will make America great again '' ) or vices and weaknesses ( by denunciation : `` xyz will wreck this country '' ) . The latter example is also known as fear appeal . More moderate forms make extensive use of imprecise , metaphoric language ( allegories , metonymy , periphrases , kennings etc. ) . Politainment can be both a communication aspect of ( 1 ) politicians and spin doctors to their and their party 's own advantage and the political adversary 's disadvantage or ( 2 ) a strategy for news publishers , journalists , etc. , to promote their medium and journalistic work . Politainment may be a factor in party identification , mass-influencing voter 's choices , it has thus become an indispensable tool in political campaigns and elections . As such it can also be one of the -- seemingly innocuous -- ingredients of crowd manipulation up to political psychological warfare .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Cultural_depictions_of_Henry_V_of_England", "score": 0.5963459610939026, "text": "Henry V of England has been depicted in popular culture a number of times .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Texas_Student_Media", "score": 0.5957115292549133, "text": "Texas Student Media ( TSM ) is an auxiliary enterprise of the University of Texas at Austin ( UT ) and the largest student media operation in the United States . It is composed of faculty , student , and professional news industry representatives .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Social_media", "score": 0.5957023501396179, "text": "Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information , ideas , career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks . The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition ; however , there are some common features : Social media are interactive Web 2.0 Internet-based applications . User-generated content , such as text posts or comments , digital photos or videos , and data generated through all online interactions , are the lifeblood of social media . Users create service-specific profiles for the website or app that are designed and maintained by the social media organization . Social media facilitate the development of online social networks by connecting a user 's profile with those of other individuals or groups . Social media use web-based technologies , desktop computers and mobile technologies ( e.g. , smartphones and tablet computers ) to create highly interactive platforms through which individuals , communities and organizations can share , co-create , discuss , and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online . They introduce substantial and pervasive changes to communication between businesses , organizations , communities and individuals . Social media changes the way individuals and large organizations communicate . These changes are the focus of the emerging field of technoself studies . In America , a survey reported that 84 percent of adolescents in America have a Facebook account . Over 60 % of 13 to 17-year-olds have at least one profile on social media , with many spending more than two hours a day on social networking sites . According to Nielsen , Internet users continue to spend more time on social media sites than on any other type of site . At the same time , the total time spent on social media sites in the U.S. across PCs as well as on mobile devices increased by 99 percent to 121 billion minutes in July 2012 compared to 66 billion minutes in July 2011 . For content contributors , the benefits of participating in social media have gone beyond simply social sharing to building a reputation and bringing in career opportunities and monetary income . Social media differ from paper-based media ( e.g. , magazines and newspapers ) or traditional electronic media such as TV broadcasting in many ways , including quality , reach , frequency , usability , immediacy , and permanence . Social media operate in a dialogic transmission system ( many sources to many receivers ) . This is in contrast to traditional media which operates under a monologic transmission model ( one source to many receivers ) , such as a paper newspaper which is delivered to many subscribers or a radio station which broadcasts the same programs to an entire city . Some of the most popular social media websites are Baidu Tieba , Facebook ( and its associated Facebook Messenger ) , Gab , Google + , Instagram , LinkedIn , Pinterest , Reddit , Snapchat , Tumblr , Twitter , Viber , WeChat , Weibo , WhatsApp , and YouTube . These social media websites have more than 100,000,000 registered users . Observers have noted a range of positive and negative impacts of social media use . Social media can help to improve individuals ' sense of connectedness with real or online communities and social media can be an effective communication ( or marketing ) tool for corporations , entrepreneurs , nonprofit organizations , including advocacy groups and political parties and governments . At the same time , concerns have been raised about possible links between heavy social media use and depression , and even the issues of cyberbullying , online harassment and `` trolling '' . Currently , about half of young adults have been cyberbullied and of those , 20 percent said that they have been cyberbullied regularly . Another survey was carried out among 7th grade students in America which is known as the Precaution Process Adoption Model . According to this study , 69 percent of 7th grade students claim to have experienced cyberbullying and they also said that it is worse than face to face bullying .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Centaurs_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.5953320860862732, "text": "Centaurs appear often in popular culture .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Media_about_lei_tai", "score": 0.5950731039047241, "text": "The lei tai fighting stage has been the subject of various types of media ; including Chinese film , video games , television , Literature , and music .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Trojan_War_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.595027506351471, "text": "There is a wide range of ways in which people have represented the Trojan War in popular culture .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Moonshine_in_popular_culture", "score": 0.5935367345809937, "text": "Moonshine ( illicit distillation ) is referenced in many works , including books , motion pictures , musical lyrics and television .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Military_in_the_media", "score": 0.5933272838592529, "text": "Representations of the military in the media date from the beginnings of recorded history and since that time soldiers and armies have featured widely in popular culture . In addition to the countless images of military leaders in heroic poses from antiquity , they have been an enduring source of inspiration in war literature . Not all of this has been entirely complementary and the military have been lampooned or ridiculed as often as they have been idolized .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
80232
Stanley Tucci performed in an television series.
[ { "id": "Monk_(TV_series)", "score": 0.5797026753425598, "text": "Monk is an American comedy-drama detective mystery television series created by Andy Breckman and starring Tony Shalhoub as the eponymous character , Adrian Monk . It originally ran from 2002 to 2009 and is primarily a police procedural series , and also exhibits comic and dramatic tones in its exploration of the main characters ' personal lives . The series was produced by Mandeville Films and Touchstone Television in association with Universal Television . The series debuted on July 12 , 2002 , on USA Network . It continued for eight seasons , with the final season concluding on December 4 , 2009 . The series held the record for the most-watched scripted drama episode in cable television history from 2009 through 2012 ( broken by The Walking Dead ) with `` Mr. Monk and the End -- Part II '' , its series finale , with 9.4 million viewers , 3.2 million of them in the 18 -- 49 demographic ." }, { "id": "Stanley_Tucci", "score": 0.7247120141983032, "text": "Stanley Tucci ( -LSB- ˈtuːtʃi -RSB- -LSB- ˈtuttʃi -RSB- ; born November 11 , 1960 ) is an American character actor , writer , producer and film director . Tucci was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Lovely Bones ( 2009 ) . He won two Emmy Awards for his performances in Winchell and Monk . He was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children , for The One and Only Shrek ! ." } ]
[ { "id": "Max_&_Tux", "score": 0.6171330809593201, "text": "Max & Tux is an Italian television series .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "3_lbs", "score": 0.6164491772651672, "text": "3 lbs was an American drama that aired on CBS from November 14 to November 28 , 2006 , replacing the cancelled series Smith . The show itself was then canceled three weeks later due to poor ratings . The title refers to the fact that the average human brain weighs approximately three pounds . The show follows the medical careers of prominent brain surgeon Doctor Douglas Hanson ( played by Stanley Tucci ) and his protégé , Jonathan Seger . The show was promoted as `` the next great medical drama . '' The theme song is `` Calling All Angels '' by Train . Eight episodes were made , and the five episodes that did not originally air in the United States are available on Amazon Unbox . The program filmed in New York City at the request of Tucci , who did n't want to be away from home to make the series . When the pilot was originally filmed Dylan McDermott played Dr. Doug Hanson , and Reiko Aylesworth played Dr. Adrienne Holland .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Blind_Date_(2007_film)", "score": 0.614329993724823, "text": "Blind Date is a 2007 drama film from director Stanley Tucci . This is Tucci 's fourth directorial feature , who also stars and co-wrote the screenplay with David Schechter . The film premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival . The film is a remake of the 1996 film of the same name by the late Dutch director Theo van Gogh .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "The_Last_Father", "score": 0.6115501523017883, "text": "The Last Father is a TV series .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Boardwalk_Empire", "score": 0.6114597320556641, "text": "Boardwalk Empire is an American period crime drama television series created by Terence Winter and airing on premium cable channel HBO . The series is set in Atlantic City , New Jersey during the Prohibition era and stars Steve Buscemi as Nucky Thompson . Winter , a Primetime Emmy Award-winning screenwriter and producer , created the show , inspired by the book Boardwalk Empire : The Birth , High Times , and Corruption of Atlantic City by Nelson Johnson about historical criminal kingpin Enoch L. Johnson . The pilot episode was directed by Martin Scorsese and produced at a cost of $ 18 million . On September 1 , 2009 , HBO picked up the series for an additional 11 episodes . The series premiered on September 19 , 2010 , and completed its five-season run on October 26 , 2014 . Boardwalk Empire received widespread critical acclaim , particularly for its visual style and basis on historical figures , as well as for Buscemi 's lead performance . The series received 57 Primetime Emmy Award nominations , including two for Outstanding Drama Series , winning 20 . The series also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama in 2011 and two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 and 2012 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_30_Rock_episodes", "score": 0.6089882254600525, "text": "30 Rock is an American satirical television sitcom that ran on NBC from October 11 , 2006 , to January 31 , 2013 . Created by Tina Fey , the series follows the lives of the head writer of The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan ( TGS ) , Liz Lemon ( Tina Fey ) , the other staff members of TGS , and their network executive , Jack Donaghy ( Alec Baldwin ) . A total of 138 episodes of 30 Rock were produced and aired over seven seasons . 30 Rock was a critical success , winning several major awards ( including Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series in 2007 , 2008 , and 2009 ) , and achieving the top ranking on many critics ' year-end best of 2006 and 2007 lists . On July 14 , 2009 , the series was nominated for 22 Primetime Emmy Awards , the most in a single year for a comedy series . Despite the acclaim , the series struggled in the ratings throughout its run .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Arrested_Development", "score": 0.6085475087165833, "text": "Arrested Development is an American television sitcom that aired for three seasons on the Fox network from November 2 , 2003 to February 10 , 2006 , and began streaming a fourth season on Netflix on May 26 , 2013 . The show centers on the Bluth family , a formerly wealthy , habitually dysfunctional family , and is presented in a continuous format , incorporating hand-held camera work , narration , archival photos , and historical footage . Since its debut , the series has earned widespread critical acclaim and has been nominated for a variety of different awards . Arrested Development has received nominations for twenty-five Primetime Emmy Awards ( six wins for the series , including Outstanding Comedy Series in 2004 ) , eight Television Critics Association Awards ( three wins ) , four Golden Globe Awards ( one win ) , three Writers Guild of America Awards ( one win ) , five Screen Actors Guild Awards , three Producers Guild of America Awards , among other awards . Lead actor Jason Bateman has been nominated for ten individual awards for his role as Michael Bluth , the President of the Bluth Company , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series and two Satellite Awards for Best Actor in a Comedy Series . Series creator Mitchell Hurwitz won three Primetime Emmy Awards from six nominations for his role as a writer and producer of the series . As of 2016 , Arrested Development has been nominated for 77 awards and has won 30 .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Davide_Tucci", "score": 0.6076268553733826, "text": "Davide Tucci is a Maltese / Italian actor and model , winner of Best Male Photo-model Award 2010 and 2011 at the Malta Fashion Awards . He was born on 14 September 1987 in Isola Del Liri ( FR ) to his Italian father and Maltese mother . Later his family moved to the Maltese Islands . He attended St Aloysius College and there noticed his love for the arts . Tucci started out in musical theatre with Spring Awakening and later started a career in modelling which earned him two consecutive awards at the Malta Fashion Awards in 2010 and 2011 . Soon after he gained more popularity in Malta due to his TV roles as Clyde Montaldo in Katrina , and that of Alex Mamo on Ic-Caqqufa , both television series ' on Maltese National Television . He is now starring as Brimbu on the Maltese television thriller series Division 7 on ONE TV . Tucci also stars on Limestone Cowboy , one of the very first indigenous feature films coming out of the Maltese Islands , which premiered in 2016 at the Valletta Film Festival ; Dangerous Arrangement , directed by Mario Philip Azzopardi and produced by eOne Canada , with Colm Meaney and Deborah Kara Unger ; and also 13 Hours : The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi , a Michael Bay film among many other roles for TV and film . Tucci is also a stage actor with a few notable performances like the ones in Jiena Nhobb , Inti Thobb , Marti Martek , Martek Marti at the National Theatre of Malta ; Faith , Hope u Charity performed at Fort St. Elmo as part of the Malta Arts Festival ; and William Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream , performed at the presidential palace 's gardens . He also features as the Gozitan national hero Bernardo De Opuo ( see the Invasion Of Gozo ) in the Cittadella Visitor Center 's docu-drama as part of the major refurbishment of the historical and architectural gem . Tucci has been featured in 2016 by Lino Mallia on Platea as the youngest actor to be interviewed on the program . Platea , is a radio program created by the University of Malta aimed to record , highlight and safeguard the progress Maltese prominent actors throughout history - it 's interviews are added to the National Archives of The Maltese Islands .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_True_Detective", "score": 0.6075738668441772, "text": "True Detective is an American television crime drama that premiered on January 12 , 2014 on the HBO network . It was created and written by Nic Pizzolatto . Conceived as an anthology , each season will be engineered as a disparate , self-contained narrative , employing new cast ensembles and following various sets of characters and settings . True Detective was a candidate for television awards in a variety of categories recognizing its writing , acting , production , and direction . The show received eleven Primetime Emmy nominations heading into the 2014 Emmy season , scooping up five wins , among them being Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for Cary Fukunaga . At the 72nd Golden Globe Awards , the show scored three Golden Globe nominations , including Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film for Matthew McConaughey and Woody Harrelson and Best Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film for Michelle Monaghan . Other substantial nominations include four TCA Awards ( two wins ) , three Satellite Awards , and a BAFTA ( one win ) . McConaughey is the most decorated of the show 's actors , with ten nominations . Pizzolatto earned two Writers Guild of America Awards ( WGAs ) for his work as a writer for the series . To date , True Detective has been nominated for 37 awards and has won 24 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "TriBeCa_(TV_series)", "score": 0.6070021390914917, "text": "TriBeCa ( also known as Tribeca ) was a television drama anthology series created by David J. Burke and co-produced with Robert De Niro and Jane Rosenthal for TriBeCa Productions in 1993 that aired on the Fox Network . The series theme song , `` Keep It Going , '' was performed by the alternative hip hop artist Me Phi Me . For his performance in the lead role of Martin McHenry in the season opener , `` The Box , '' Laurence Fishburne won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series . Noted for attracting `` actors , screenwriters and directors of uncommon quality , '' and set in New York City 's lower Manhattan neighborhood of TriBeCa , the series was aired by the Fox Broadcasting Company . The cast , with series regulars Philip Bosco and Joe Morton , included Eli Wallach , Kevin Spacey , Kathleen Quinlan , Melanie Mayron , Judith Malina , Carl Lumbly , Richard Lewis , Carol Kane , Debbie Harry , Dizzy Gillespie and Danny Aiello III . Directors and screenwriters included David J. Burke , Hans Tobeason , John Mankiewicz of the prolific Mankiewicz family , Barry Primus , Bryan Spicer , Jeffrey Solomon and several actors in the series , among others .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_Don_Matteo_episodes", "score": 0.6065488457679749, "text": "Don Matteo is an Italian television series .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "List_of_Entourage_episodes", "score": 0.6056997776031494, "text": "Entourage is an American comedy-drama television series created for HBO by Doug Ellin , who also serves as an executive producer along with Mark Wahlberg , Stephen Levinson , Dennis Biggs , Rob Weiss and Ally Musika . The series , loosely based on Wahlberg 's own experiences of the film industry , follows Vincent Chase ( Adrian Grenier ) , a New York born actor living in Los Angeles as he struggles with the ups and downs of a career in Hollywood . He is aided , and often hindered , by his entourage , which consists of his half-brother and struggling actor Johnny `` Drama '' Chase ( Kevin Dillon ) , his childhood friend and manager Eric `` E '' Murphy ( Kevin Connolly ) , his ruthless agent Ari Gold ( Jeremy Piven ) and his other long-time friend Turtle ( Jerry Ferrara ) . Entourage premiered on HBO on July 18 , 2004 and aired its final episode on September 11 , 2011 . A total of 96 episodes were aired over eight seasons .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "List_of_The_Sopranos_episodes", "score": 0.6053657531738281, "text": "The Sopranos , a television drama series created by David Chase , premiered on the premium television channel HBO in the United States on January 10 , 1999 , and ended on June 10 , 2007 . The series consists of a total of 86 episodes over six seasons . Each episode is approximately 50 minutes long . The first five seasons each consist of thirteen episodes , and the sixth season twenty-one . HBO broadcast the sixth season in two parts . The first twelve episodes ran from March to June 2006 , and the remaining nine episodes ran from April to June 2007 . HBO also released the two parts of the sixth season as separate DVD box sets . This effectively turns the second part into a short seventh season , though the show 's producers and HBO do n't describe it as such . All six seasons are available on DVD in Regions 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 . Unlike most broadcast and cable networks that put their television programs on a four-month hiatus between seasons , The Sopranos took longer hiatuses between seasons . Season four , for example , premiered sixteen months after the third season finale , and the sixth season returned almost two years after the end of season five . The Sopranos stars James Gandolfini as the Italian-American New Jersey-based contemporary mobster Tony Soprano . Edie Falco plays his wife Carmela Soprano , and Lorraine Bracco as his psychiatrist Dr. Jennifer Melfi . The continuing story arc of The Sopranos is of how Tony Soprano deals with the often conflicting requirements of his home life and the criminal organization he heads .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "List_of_Boardwalk_Empire_episodes", "score": 0.6051197052001953, "text": "Boardwalk Empire is an American television series created by Terence Winter and based on the book Boardwalk Empire : The Birth , High Times and Corruption of Atlantic City by Nelson Johnson . The series debuted on September 19 , 2010 , and concluded on October 26 , 2014 on HBO , consisting of 56 episodes over five seasons . Set in Atlantic City , New Jersey , during the Prohibition era , the series stars Steve Buscemi as Enoch `` Nucky '' Thompson ( based on the historical Enoch L. Johnson ) , a political figure who rose to prominence and controlled Atlantic City , New Jersey , during the Prohibition period of the 1920s and 1930s . The series received widespread critical acclaim , winning various awards including Golden Globe Awards for Best Drama Series and Best Actor in a Television Drama Series for Buscemi for its first season .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Doogie_Howser,_M.D.", "score": 0.603870153427124, "text": "Doogie Howser , M.D. is an American comedy-drama television series that ran for four seasons on ABC from September 19 , 1989 , to March 24 , 1993 , totaling 97 episodes . Created by Steven Bochco and David E. Kelley , it stars Neil Patrick Harris in the title role as a teenage physician who also faces the problems of being a normal teenager .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Veep", "score": 0.602221667766571, "text": "Veep is an American political satire comedy television series , that premiered on HBO on April 22 , 2012 . The series was created by Armando Iannucci as an adaptation of the British sitcom The Thick of It . Veep is set in the office of Selina Meyer ( Julia Louis-Dreyfus ) , a fictional Vice President , and subsequent President , of the United States . Veep has received critical acclaim and won several major awards , including twelve Primetime Emmy Awards , two Critics ' Choice Television Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Television Critics Association Awards and two Writers Guild of America Awards and has been nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_Arliss_episodes", "score": 0.6020258665084839, "text": "Arliss is a cable television series that aired on HBO .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "List_of_Hannibal_episodes", "score": 0.6019103527069092, "text": "Hannibal is an American psychological thriller television series developed by Bryan Fuller for NBC that aired for 39 episodes from April 4 , 2013 , until August 29 , 2015 . The series is based upon characters and elements appearing in the novel Red Dragon by Thomas Harris . The series focuses on the budding relationship between FBI Special Agent Will Graham ( Hugh Dancy ) , a crime scene investigator who holds the ability to empathize with psychopaths and murderers , and Dr. Hannibal Lecter ( Mads Mikkelsen ) , a forensic psychiatrist and secret cannibal destined to become Graham 's most cunning enemy . The FBI staff that supports Graham is headed by Special Agent in Charge Jack Crawford ( Laurence Fishburne ) , who takes Graham from his teaching job to help investigate only the most gruesome and bizarre of murders , and includes a forensic team consisting of Beverly Katz ( Hettienne Park ) , Brian Zeller ( Aaron Abrams ) and Jimmy Price ( Scott Thompson ) . While Dr. Alana Bloom ( Caroline Dhavernas ) inadvertently slips deeper into Hannibal 's world , clinical psychiatrist Dr. Bedelia Du Maurier ( Gillian Anderson ) does so purposefully , as does crime blogger Fredricka `` Freddie '' Lounds ( Lara Jean Chorostecki ) , who frequently attempts to use Graham , Lecter , and their cases to make a name for herself . Each episode of the first season is named after an element of French cuisine . The season two titles are named after the different elements of Japanese haute cuisine . The first seven of season three 's episodes are named after Italian cuisine , the subsequent five are named for William Blake 's series of The Great Red Dragon Paintings , and the finale 's title is a phrase from Revelation 6:16 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Frasier", "score": 0.6016930341720581, "text": "Frasier is an American television sitcom created by David Angell , Peter Casey , and David Lee as a spinoff of the 1980s sitcom Cheers . The series revolves around the titular character Frasier Crane , a psychiatrist who returns to his hometown to start a new life for himself . The series stars Kelsey Grammer in role of the main character , as well as Jane Leeves , David Hyde Pierce , Peri Gilpin and John Mahoney . Frasier aired on NBC from September 16 , 1993 to May 13 , 2004 , broadcasting 264 episodes over eleven seasons during its initial run . During the series ' run , the show received critical acclaim for its writing and humor . The series amassed 318 nominations for a variety of industry awards , including 108 Emmy awards ( with 37 wins ) , 24 Golden Globe Awards ( with two wins ) , 26 Screen Actors Guild Awards ( with 2 wins ) , 11 TCA Awards ( with five wins ) , 9 Writers Guild of America awards ( with six wins ) , and 9 Directors Guild of America awards ( with two wins ) . In addition to the awards for the series , several individual cast members received acclaim for their performance on the series . Pierce stands as the most decorated cast member on the series , winning 4 Emmy awards , 5 Q Awards , 2 TCA awards , 2 SAG awards and 6 American Comedy awards . Grammer also won 4 Emmy Awards , 4 Q awards , 2 Golden Globes , 2 Satellite awards , 2 American Comedy Awards and a SAG award . Several other actors and crew members in the series received many awards and nominations , including Leeves , Mahoney , and the creators of the show .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Murphy_Brown", "score": 0.6007118821144104, "text": "Murphy Brown is an American television sitcom created by Diane English and produced by Shukovsky English Entertainment and Warner Bros. . Television . The series revolves around the titualar character ( Candice Bergen ) , a famous investigative journalist and news anchor for FYI , a fictional CBS television news series . Murphy Brown aired on CBS from November 14 , 1988 to May 18 , 1998 , broadcasting 247 episodes over ten seasons during its initial run . During the series ' run , Murphy Brown received nominations for a variety of industry awards , including 62 Emmy awards ( with 18 wins ) , 15 Golden Globe awards ( with three wins ) , three Screen Actors Guild awards , 4 TCA awards ( with two wins ) , 5 Directors Guild of America awards ( with two wins ) and 4 Writers Guild of America awards ( with two wins ) . Candice Bergen , for her portrayal of Murphy Brown , received the most individual awards and nominations , winning 5 Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe award . Several other actors and crew members in the series received many awards and nominations , including Faith Ford , Grant Shaud , Jay Thomas , Barnet Kellman and Tucker Wiard .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
60225
Brock Lesnar married Randy Couture.
[ { "id": "Brock_Lesnar", "score": 0.6859816908836365, "text": "Brock Edward Lesnar ( -LSB- ˈlɛznər -RSB- born July 12 , 1977 ) is an American professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist , amateur wrestler , and professional American football player . He is signed with WWE , where he performs on the Raw brand and is the current WWE Universal Champion in his first reign . After his successful amateur wrestling career at Bismarck State College and the University of Minnesota , Lesnar signed with WWE ( then the World Wrestling Federation ) in 2000 . He was assigned to its developmental promotion Ohio Valley Wrestling ( OVW ) , where he was a three-time OVW Southern Tag Team Champion with Shelton Benjamin . After debuting on WWE 's main roster in 2002 , he won the WWE Championship on three separate occasions with victories over The Rock and Kurt Angle ( twice ) . Lesnar won the then WWE Undisputed Championship five months after his main roster debut at the age of 25 , becoming the youngest champion in the title 's history . He was also the 2002 King of the Ring and the 2003 Royal Rumble winner , making him the youngest King of the Ring and Royal Rumble winner as well . Following his match with Goldberg at WrestleMania XX , Lesnar left the WWE and pursued a career in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was named a defensive tackle for the Minnesota Vikings , but was cut prior to the start of the 2004 -- 2005 season . In 2005 , Lesnar returned to professional wrestling and signed with New Japan Pro-Wrestling ( NJPW ) , where he won the IWGP Heavyweight Championship in his first match . After a contractual dispute with NJPW , he also wrestled as IWGP Heavyweight Champion in the Inoki Genome Federation ( IGF ) . In 2006 , Lesnar pursued a career in mixed martial arts ( MMA ) , as he signed with Hero 's and won his first fight , against Min-Soo Kim , in June 2007 . He then signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) the following October . Lesnar lost in his UFC debut against Frank Mir and then won his second fight against Heath Herring . In November 2008 , Lesnar defeated Randy Couture to become the UFC Heavyweight Champion . Shortly after a successful title defense in a rematch with Mir , Lesnar was sidelined due to diverticulitis . He would return at UFC 116 to defeat Interim UFC Heavyweight Champion Shane Carwin and unify the heavyweight championships , becoming the Undisputed Heavyweight Champion in the process . Lesnar then lost the championship to Cain Velasquez at UFC 121 . In 2011 , he was once again sidelined due to diverticulitis and underwent surgery . Lesnar returned at UFC 141 in December , losing to Alistair Overeem and promptly retiring from MMA . Lesnar was a box office sensation in UFC , as he took part in a some of the best selling pay-per-view events in UFC history , including UFC 100 and UFC 116 . In April 2012 , Lesnar once again returned to professional wrestling , rejoining WWE after an eight-year hiatus . Two years later , at WrestleMania XXX , Lesnar defeated The Undertaker to end his undefeated streak at WrestleMania . He achieved world champion status twice since his return , having won the then WWE World Heavyweight Championship in 2014 and the WWE Universal Championship in 2017 . Lesnar has been managed by Paul Heyman throughout the majority of his professional wrestling career . In June 2016 at UFC 199 , the UFC announced that Lesnar would return to MMA to fight at UFC 200 . His opponent was later revealed to be Mark Hunt . Lesnar would defeat Hunt via unanimous decision . However , after Lesnar tested positive for clomiphene , a banned substance on the UFC 's anti-doping policy , he was suspended from competing in the UFC by the Nevada State Athletic Commission for one year , fined $ 250,000 and his victory over Hunt was overturned to a no-contest . Lesnar then retired from MMA for a second time in 2017 . Lesnar is a five-time world champion in WWE , a one-time heavyweight champion in the UFC , a one-time heavyweight champion in NJPW , and a one-time heavyweight wrestling champion in the NCAA , the only person in history to win a championship in each of those organizations . He has headlined numerous pay-per-view events for both the WWE and UFC , including WrestleMania XIX , WrestleMania 31 , UFC 100 and UFC 116 . In 2015 , an ESPN.com article referred to Lesnar as `` the most accomplished athlete in professional wrestling history '' ." } ]
[ { "id": "Sable_(wrestler)", "score": 0.6293270587921143, "text": "Rena Marlette Lesnar ( née Greek and formerly Mero and Richardson ; born August 8 , 1967 ) , better known as Sable , is an American model , actress , and retired professional wrestler . She is primarily known for her time in WWE . Before gaining popularity in the world of professional wrestling , she began working for WWE in 1996 . As Sable , she was one of the first WWE Divas and gained considerable popularity . After feuding with Luna Vachon , and Jacqueline , Sable became the second WWF Women 's Champion after the title was reinstated into the company . After becoming a heel and leaving the company , she filed a $ 110 million lawsuit against the company , citing allegations of sexual harassment and unsafe working conditions . In 2003 , she returned to WWE and was put into a feud with Torrie Wilson , and another storyline as Vince McMahon 's mistress . In 2004 , she left the company to spend more time with her family . Outside of wrestling , she has been featured on the cover of Playboy three times . The April 1999 issue of the magazine with her on the cover was one of the highest selling issues in Playboy history . She has guest starred on several television series , including Pacific Blue , and appeared in the film Corky Romano .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Ryan_Couture", "score": 0.6038453578948975, "text": "Ryan Couture ( born August 27 , 1982 ) is an American professional mixed martial artist . He is the son of UFC Hall of Famer Randy Couture .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Kris_Jenner", "score": 0.5961658954620361, "text": "Kristen Mary Jenner ( née Houghton , -LSB- ˈhoʊtən -RSB- , formerly Kardashian ; born November 5 , 1955 ) is an American television personality who rose to fame for starring in the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians , together with her family . Kris Jenner has been married twice ; first to lawyer Robert Kardashian , and later to television personality and retired Olympic Games champion , Bruce Jenner ( now known as Caitlyn ) . She has four children with Kardashian ( Kourtney , Kim , Khloé and Robert ) and two with Jenner ( Kendall and Kylie ) .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "WWE_Universal_Championship", "score": 0.5952897071838379, "text": "The WWE Universal Championship is a world heavyweight championship created and promoted by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE on the Raw brand . It is one of two world titles in the WWE , alongside the WWE Championship on the SmackDown brand . The title is currently held by Brock Lesnar , who is in his first reign . Named in honor of the WWE Universe , the championship was established on July 25 , 2016 to be the world championship of the Raw brand . Its creation came as a result of the re-introduction of the brand extension and subsequent draft on July 19 , 2016 , in which the WWE Championship , the promotion 's original world title , became exclusive to SmackDown . The inaugural Universal Champion was Finn Bálor .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Darcy_LaPier", "score": 0.5928493738174438, "text": "Darcy Lynn LaPier ( born July 9 , 1965 ) is an American actress and model . She is known for a series of high-profile marriages . She was married to Ron Rice , founder of Hawaiian Tropic suntan lotion company from 1991 to 1993 . From this marriage , they had a daughter named Sterling . She then married actor Jean-Claude Van Damme in Bangkok , Thailand in February 1994 ; their marriage lasted until November 1997 . From this marriage , they had a son named Nicholas ( born October 10 , 1995 ) . In 1999 , LaPier married Mark R. Hughes , founder of Herbalife , who died the following year . After Hughes ' death , LaPier married Brian Snodgrass ( of the Seven Dees nursery family ) in 2002 . On her ranch in Oregon with her family , LaPier transformed herself into a rodeo barrel racer . In 2013 , she produced and starred in A&E 's reality series Rodeo Girls .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Marla_Maples", "score": 0.5927313566207886, "text": "Marla Ann Maples ( born October 27 , 1963 ) is an American actress and television personality . She is known for her six-year marriage to Donald Trump .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Usos", "score": 0.590435266494751, "text": "The Usos are a Samoan American professional wrestling tag team consisting of fraternal twin brothers Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso ( born August 22 , 1985 ) . They are assigned to the SmackDown brand where they are the brand 's current Tag Team Champions in their first reign ( and third overall , having held the WWE ( Raw ) Tag Team Championship twice ) . Trained since childhood by their father Rikishi , the team debuted in WWE 's developmental brand Florida Championship Wrestling in 2009 , where they became FCW Florida Tag Team Champions . They were moved to the main roster the following year , capturing the Tag Team Championship twice in 2014 and winning the Slammy Award for Tag Team of the Year in both 2014 and 2015 . In 2017 , they became Smackdown Tag Team Champions for the first time . Jey ( real name Joshua Samuel Fatu ) and Jimmy ( real name Jonathan Solofa Fatu ) are members of the renowned Anoaʻi family . The pair were previously managed by their cousin Tamina Snuka and Jimmy 's real-life wife , Naomi .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Royal_Rumble_(2003)", "score": 0.5896750092506409, "text": "Royal Rumble ( 2003 ) was the sixteenth annual Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It took place on January 19 , 2003 , at the Fleet Center in Boston , Massachusetts , was the first Royal Rumble produced under the WWE name and employed talent from the Raw and SmackDown ! brands . As has been customary since 1993 , the Royal Rumble match winner received a match at that year 's WrestleMania , ( in this instance : WrestleMania XIX ) for his brand 's World title , either the WWE Championship or the World Heavyweight Championship . The main event was the annual 30-man Royal Rumble match , which included wrestlers from both brands . Brock Lesnar , the twenty-ninth entrant , won the match by last eliminating The Undertaker , the thirtieth entrant . The primary match on the Raw brand was Triple H versus Scott Steiner for the World Heavyweight Championship , which Steiner won by disqualification resulting in Triple H retaining the championship . The most prominent for the SmackDown ! brand was between Kurt Angle and Chris Benoit for the WWE Championship , which Angle won by making Benoit submit to the Ankle Lock . The undercard also included a Royal Rumble qualification match between Brock Lesnar and The Big Show , which Lesnar won ; he would then go on to win the Rumble match later that night .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "The_Legacy_(professional_wrestling)", "score": 0.5894391536712646, "text": "The Legacy was a villainous alliance in the professional wrestling promotion World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , that competed on its Raw brand from 2008 to 2010 . Originally , The Legacy was a group led by Randy Orton that contained the tag team of Cody Rhodes and Ted DiBiase . Two other wrestlers , Manu and Sim Snuka , were affiliated with the faction prior to its official formation . The concept behind the group was that each member was a multi-generational wrestler . The name The Legacy was a reference to their extensive family histories in wrestling . In June 2008 , Rhodes and DiBiase first formed an alliance after winning the World Tag Team Championship at Night of Champions , when Rhodes betrayed his original partner , Hardcore Holly , to align with DiBiase . Soon after , the pair tried to earn Orton 's respect , which they eventually did . Together , the team helped Orton win the 2009 Royal Rumble match , giving Orton an opportunity to compete in the main event at WrestleMania XXV . The team also wrestled together in a tag team match to win the WWE Championship for Orton at Backlash . The team helped Orton win the championship three times over the course of 2009 despite a tumultuous relationship which saw Orton often physically attacking his two students . This led to Orton splitting from the group in early 2010 . Rhodes and DiBiase eventually turned on each other in their match with Orton at WrestleMania XXVI . The only member of the stable who is still currently employed by the WWE is Randy Orton .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Xtreme_Couture_Mixed_Martial_Arts", "score": 0.588598370552063, "text": "Xtreme Couture Mixed Martial Arts is an American mixed martial arts training organization headed by former UFC Champion and former co-founder of Team Quest , Randy Couture . Xtreme Couture was founded with the flagship gym in Las Vegas . Since then , the franchise has spread to other cities in the United States and Canada . Xtreme Couture Las Vegas is one of the largest gyms ( over 24000 sqft ) , most recognized brands and MMA gyms in the world where many past and current top MMA fighters train .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_WWE_Champions", "score": 0.5846416354179382, "text": "The WWE Championship is a professional wrestling championship in WWE , currently on the SmackDown brand . It is the first world title established in WWE , having been introduced in 1963 as the World Wide Wrestling Federation ( WWWF ) World Heavyweight Championship . The promotion was renamed World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) in 1979 and ended its affiliation with the National Wrestling Alliance ( NWA ) in 1983 , with the title also renamed to reflect the changes . In 2001 , it was unified with the World Championship ( formerly the WCW World Heavyweight Championship ) following the WWF 's buyout of World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and became the Undisputed WWF Championship . In 2002 , the WWF was renamed World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and split its roster into two brands , Raw and SmackDown . The title , now renamed WWE Championship , was then designated to the SmackDown brand , while WWE established an alternate world title known as the World Heavyweight Championship for the Raw brand . A third alternate world title , the ECW World Heavyweight Championship , was reactivated for the ECW brand in 2006 . It was vacated and decommissioned when the ECW brand disbanded in 2010 . When WWE Champion Randy Orton defeated World Heavyweight Champion John Cena at the TLC pay-per-view on December 15 , 2013 , the World Heavyweight Championship was unified with the WWE Championship , resulting in the retiring of the former , and the renaming of the latter to the WWE World Heavyweight Championship . On June 27 , 2016 , the name was shortened back to the WWE Championship , before assuming the WWE World Championship name on July 26 , 2016 , when the brand extension returned . It became designated to the SmackDown brand , and WWE again established an alternate world title known as the WWE Universal Championship for the Raw brand . In December 2016 , WWE again shortened the title 's name back to WWE Championship . The championship is generally contested in professional wrestling matches , in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than contend in direct competition . Some reigns were held by champions using a ring name , while others use their real name . The first champion was Buddy Rogers , who won the championship in 1963 . The champion with the single longest reign is Bruno Sammartino with a reign of 2,803 days , while the record for longest combined reign is also held by Sammartino at 4,040 . The current champion is Jinder Mahal , who is in his first reign . He won the championship by defeating Randy Orton at Backlash in Rosemont , Illinois on May 21 , 2017 . Overall , there have been 50 different official champions , with John Cena having the most reigns at thirteen . Seven men in history have held the championship for a continuous reign of one year ( 365 days ) or more . They are Bruno Sammartino , Pedro Morales , Bob Backlund , Hulk Hogan , Randy Savage , John Cena , and CM Punk .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Vengeance_(2004)", "score": 0.5846366882324219, "text": "Vengeance ( 2004 ) was the fourth annual Vengeance professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by American promotion , World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was presented by AT&T and took place on July 11 , 2004 , from the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford , Connecticut and featured talent from the Raw brand . The main event was Chris Benoit versus Triple H for the World Heavyweight Championship , which Benoit won by pinning Triple H with a roll-up . The predominant match on the card was Randy Orton versus Edge for the WWE Intercontinental Championship , which Edge won by pinfall after executing a Spear . The primary matches on the undercard included Matt Hardy versus Kane in a No Disqualification match , which Hardy won after he hit Kane with a steel chair to get the pin , and Batista versus Chris Jericho , which Batista won by pinfall after executing a Batista Bomb . The event grossed US$ 370,000 with 7,000 ticket sales and had a 0.43 buyrate . Following the event , Benoit began a feud with Randy Orton over the World Heavyweight Championship . The two would have a match at SummerSlam , where Orton would win the World Heavyweight Championship , and become the youngest World 's Heavyweight Champion in WWE history . Edge went on to defend the Intercontinental Championship against Batista and Chris Jericho in a Triple Threat match at SummerSlam . Kane and Matt Hardy continued their feud at SummerSlam in a `` Till Death Do Us Part '' match , where the winner would get to marry Lita . Kane was the victor , and as a result , Lita had to marry Kane .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Couture_(surname)", "score": 0.5840322971343994, "text": "Couture is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Dani Couture ( born 1978 ) , Canadian writer Gerry Couture ( 1925 -- 1994 ) , Canadian hockey player Guillaume Couture ( 1617/18 -- 1701 ) , lay missionary , diplomat and militia captain in New France Logan Couture ( born 1989 ) , Canadian hockey player Maurice Couture ( born 1926 ) , former Archbishop of Québec Randy Couture ( born 1963 ) , retired American mixed martial arts fighter Rosario Couture ( 1905 -- 1986 ) , Canadian hockey player Ryan Couture ( born 1982 ) , American mixed martial arts fighter and son of Randy Couture Thomas Couture ( 1815 -- 1879 ) , French history painter", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Ian_Riccaboni", "score": 0.5835376977920532, "text": "Ian Riccaboni ( born January 13 , 1987 ) is an American professional wrestling ring announcer , sportscaster , and author . He is currently the lead announcer for Ring of Honor . Riccaboni has been married since October 6 , 2012 to his wife Sarah .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "She-Venom", "score": 0.5834673047065735, "text": "She-Venom ( also known as The Bride of Venom ) is the name of two fictional characters in Marvel comics . The first She-Venom , Ann Weying , was the ex-wife of Eddie Brock . The second was Communications Specialist Patricia Robertson , the host of the Venom-clone .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Corinna_Schumacher", "score": 0.5832626819610596, "text": "Corinna Schumacher , née Betsch ( born 2 March 1969 ) is the wife of German seven-times Formula One champion Michael Schumacher . The pair married in August 1995 in Germany .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "WWE_Raw_Tag_Team_Championship", "score": 0.5819538235664368, "text": "The WWE Raw Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling world tag team championship created and promoted by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE on the Raw brand . It is one of two tag team championships for WWE 's main roster , along with the SmackDown Tag Team Championship on the SmackDown brand . The current champions are The Hardy Boyz ( Jeff and Matt Hardy ) , who are in their first reign as a team ; individually , this is Jeff 's first reign and Matt 's second . The championship was originally established as the WWE Tag Team Championship on October 20 , 2002 , and the team of Kurt Angle and Chris Benoit were the inaugural champions . It was introduced for the SmackDown brand as a second title for tag teams in the promotion to complement WWE 's original World Tag Team Championship , which became exclusive to Raw . Both titles were unified in 2009 and were collectively referred to as the `` Unified WWE Tag Team Championship '' while officially remaining independently active until the World Tag Team Championship was formally decommissioned in 2010 . As a result of the 2016 draft , the championship became exclusive to Raw with a subsequent rename , and SmackDown created the SmackDown Tag Team Championship as a counterpart title .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Heidi_Mark", "score": 0.5813520550727844, "text": "Heidi Mark ( born February 18 , 1971 ) is an American model and actress . She is of Finnish origin as her father was born in Helsinki , Finland . She has worked at her father 's law office and Hooters . She was Playboy 's Playmate of the Month for July 1995 . Prior to being a Playmate , she appeared on the cover of the April 1994 issue of the magazine . Mark was married to Vince Neil of Mötley Crüe on May 28 , 2000 . She filed for divorce in August 2001 , citing `` irreconcilable differences '' .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Kyle_Hagel", "score": 0.5780118107795715, "text": "Kyle Hagel ( born January 21 , 1985 ) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player . He is currently playing with the Charlotte Checkers of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) . married june 25,2016 to Jess", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Khloé_Kardashian", "score": 0.5766943693161011, "text": "Khloé Alexandra Kardashian ( born June 27 , 1984 ) is an American television personality , socialite , model , businesswoman , and entrepreneur . Since 2007 , she and her family have starred in the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians . Its success has led to the creation of spin-offs including Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami and Khloé & Lamar . From September 2009 to October 2016 , Kardashian was married to basketball player Lamar Odom , whom she married one month after they first met . With sisters Kourtney and Kim , Kardashian is involved in the retail and fashion industries . They have launched several clothing collections and fragrances , and additionally released the book Kardashian Konfidential in 2010 . In 2009 , Kardashian participated in the second season of The Celebrity Apprentice , finishing 10th of 16 candidates by being fired by Donald Trump . In 2012 , she co-hosted the second season of the US adaptation of The X Factor with actor Mario Lopez . In 2016 , she hosted her own talk show , Kocktails with Khloé , and stars in the health and fitness docu-series Revenge Body with Khloé Kardashian .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
50619
The Khmer Empire was not weak.
[ { "id": "Khmer_Empire", "score": 0.7253731489181519, "text": "The Khmer Empire , officially the Angkor Empire , the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ( `` Kampuchea '' or `` Srok Khmer '' to the Khmer people ) , was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia . The empire , which grew out of the former kingdoms of Funan and Chenla , at times ruled over and/or vassalised most of mainland Southeast Asia . Its greatest legacy is Angkor , in present-day Cambodia , which was the site of the capital city during the empire 's zenith . The majestic monuments of Angkor -- such as Angkor Wat and Bayon -- bear testimony to the Khmer Empire 's immense power and wealth , impressive art and culture , architectural technique and aesthetics achievements , as well as the variety of belief systems that it patronised over time . Satellite imaging has revealed that Angkor , during its peak in the 11th to 13th centuries , was the largest pre-industrial urban centre in the world . The beginning of the era of the Khmer Empire is conventionally dated to 802 CE . In this year , King Jayavarman II had himself declared chakravartin ( `` king of the world '' , or `` king of kings '' ) on Phnom Kulen . The empire ended with the fall of Angkor in the 15th century ." } ]
[ { "id": "Early_history_of_Cambodia", "score": 0.6746600270271301, "text": "The Early history of Cambodia follows the prehistoric and protohistoric development of Cambodia a country in mainland Southeast Asia . Thanks to archaeological work carried out since 2009 this can now be traced back to the Neolithic period . As excavation sites have become more numerous and modern dating methods are applied , settlement traces of all stages of human civil development from neolithic Hunter-gatherer groups to organized preliterate societies are documented in the region . Historical records of a political structure on territory that is now modern-day Cambodia first appear in Chinese annals in reference to Funan , a polity that encompassed the southernmost part of the Indochinese peninsula during the 1st to 6th centuries . Centered at the lower Mekong , Funan is noted as the oldest regional Hindu culture , which suggests prolonged socio-economic interaction with maritime trading partners of the Indosphere in the west . By the 6th century a civilization , titled Chenla or Zhenla in Chinese annals , had firmly replaced Funan , as it controlled larger , more undulating areas of Indochina and maintained more than a singular center of power . The Khmer Empire was established by the early 9th century in a mythical initiation and consecration ceremony to claim political legitimacy by founder Jayavarman II at Mount Kulen ( Mount Mahendra ) in 802 C.E. . A succession of powerful sovereigns , continuing the Hindu devaraja cult tradition , reigned over the classical era of Khmer civilization until the 11th century . A new dynasty of provincial origin introduced Buddhism as changes of religious , dynastic , administrative and military nature , environmental problems and ecological imbalance coincide with shifts of power in Indochina . The royal chronology ends in the 14th century . Great achievements in administration , and accomplishments in agriculture , architecture , hydrology , logistics , urban planning and the arts are testimony to a creative and progressive civilization - in its complexity a cornerstone of Southeast Asian cultural legacy .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Military_history_of_Cambodia", "score": 0.6636613011360168, "text": "History attests to Cambodia 's martial origins . In antiquity Cambodia , having conquered Laos , parts of Thailand , and the Malay Peninsula , held power over a vast area of Southeast Asia . Khmer martial prowess waned in the early 15th century , however , and Cambodia subsequently endured periods of colonisation , occupation , and vassalage by its more militarily powerful neighbours , Thailand and Vietnam . This long period of decline reached its nadir in the early 19th century , when Cambodia nearly ceased to exist as a sovereign state as the result of encroachments by its neighbours . In 1863 the Cambodian king acquiesced in the establishment of a French protectorate over his nation , to preserve it from extinction . The protectorate 's authority was extended often by force of arms , and ultimately Cambodia became a de facto colony that eventually gave birth to a modern state with its own armed forces and military doctrine . Since World War II , Cambodia has enjoyed few strife-free periods . Its people have suffered colonisation , prolonged civil war , and occupation by a foreign power almost continuously . During this time , it has been ruled by three authoritarian governments of differing ideological orientations and varying degrees of repression . American military aid to Cambodia began indirectly in 1950 in the form of a security assistance program for the French forces in Indochina , that enabled them to expand a recently created indigenous army . In 1955 the United States agreed to continue this aid to the independent kingdom of Cambodia . The program , which included military training and a resident Military Assistance Advisory Group ( MAAG ) , lasted until terminated by the Cambodian government . Security assistance was again extended to the Khmer Republic from 1970 until that government fell in 1975 to the Khmer Rouge . After 1975 the United States extended humanitarian assistance through United Nations ( UN ) agencies to Cambodian refugees on the Thai border and gave non lethal aid , only , to the two non communist components of the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea . In 1987 Cambodia was the reluctant host to a substantial Vietnamese military presence , reinforced by its Cambodian surrogate army . History thus appeared to be repeating itself , and foreign observers and Cambodian nationalists feared that the country eventually might become part of a Hanoi-dominated Indochinese federation . The UN recognised the tripartite CGDK as the legitimate government of Cambodia . The insurgent forces of the coalition were capable only of conducting guerrilla raids and sabotage missions within Cambodian territory , against the Vietnamese occupation forces and the Kampuchean ( or Khmer ) People 's Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Phnom Penh government , the People 's Republic of Kampuchea . A number of foreign observers assessed the military situation as a stalemate and doubted that Hanoi would , or could , fulfil its public commitment to withdraw its forces by 1990 from a Cambodia that was becoming a `` strategic appendage '' of the `` indivisible strategic unit of Indochina '' claimed by Vietnamese military doctrine .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Cambodian_rebellion_(1811–12)", "score": 0.6599828004837036, "text": "The Cambodian Usurpation of 1811-1812 was when an army from Siam ( Thailand ) supported Ang Snguon after he overthrew his brother Ang Chan ; but Viet Nam sent a large army to help reinstate Ang Chan at Phnom Penh .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Khmer_language", "score": 0.6598271131515503, "text": "Khmer -LSB- kmɛər -RSB- or Cambodian ( natively ភ ស ខ ម រ -LSB- pʰiːəsaː kʰmaːe -RSB- , or more formally ខ មរភ ស -LSB- kʰeɛmaʔraʔ pʰiːəsaː -RSB- ) is the language of the Khmer people and the official language of Cambodia . With approximately 16 million speakers , it is the second most widely spoken Austroasiatic language ( after Vietnamese ) . Khmer has been influenced considerably by Sanskrit and Pali , especially in the royal and religious registers , through Hinduism and Buddhism . The more colloquial registers have influenced , and have been influenced by , Thai , Lao , Vietnamese , and Cham , all of which , due to geographical proximity and long-term cultural contact , form a sprachbund in peninsular Southeast Asia . It is also the earliest recorded and earliest written language of the Mon -- Khmer family , predating Mon and by a significant margin Vietnamese , due to Old Khmer being the language of the historical empires of Chenla , Angkor and , presumably , their earlier predecessor state , Funan . The vast majority of Khmer speakers speak Central Khmer , the dialect of the central plain where the Khmer are most heavily concentrated . Within Cambodia , regional accents exist in remote areas but these are regarded as varieties of Central Khmer . Two exceptions are the speech of the capital , Phnom Penh , and that of the Khmer Khe in Stung Treng province , both of which differ sufficiently enough from Central Khmer to be considered separate dialects of Khmer . Outside of Cambodia , three distinct dialects are spoken by ethnic Khmers native to areas that were historically part of the Khmer Empire . The Northern Khmer dialect is spoken by over a million Khmers in the southern regions of Northeast Thailand and is treated by some linguists as a separate language . Khmer Krom , or Southern Khmer , is the first language of the Khmer of Vietnam while the Khmer living in the remote Cardamom mountains speak a very conservative dialect that still displays features of the Middle Khmer language . Khmer is primarily an analytic , isolating language . There are no inflections , conjugations or case endings . Instead , particles and auxiliary words are used to indicate grammatical relationships . General word order is subject -- verb -- object , and modifiers follow the word they modify . Classifiers appear after numbers when used to count nouns , though not always so consistently as in languages like Chinese . In spoken Khmer , topic-comment structure is common and the perceived social relation between participants determines which sets of vocabulary , such as pronouns and honorifics , are proper . Khmer differs from neighboring languages such as Thai , Burmese , Lao and Vietnamese in that it is not a tonal language . Words are stressed on the final syllable , hence many words conform to the typical Mon -- Khmer pattern of a stressed syllable preceded by a minor syllable . The language has been written in the Khmer script , an abugida descended from the Brahmi script via the southern Indian Pallava script , since at least the seventh century . The script 's form and use has evolved over the centuries ; its modern features include subscripted versions of consonants used to write clusters and a division of consonants into two series with different inherent vowels . Approximately 79 % of Cambodians are able to read Khmer .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "History_of_Buddhism_in_Cambodia", "score": 0.6589605808258057, "text": "Theravada Buddhism is the state religion of Cambodia , which has had been presented since at least the 5th century .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Khmer_sculpture", "score": 0.6480351686477661, "text": "Khmer sculpture refers to the stone sculpture of the Khmer Empire , which ruled a territory based on modern Cambodia , but rather larger , from the 9th to the 13th century . The most celebrated examples are found in Angkor , which served as the seat of the empire .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Economic_history_of_Cambodia", "score": 0.6476587057113647, "text": "Cambodia was a farming area in the first and second millennia BC . States in the area engaged in trade in the Indian Ocean and exported rice surpluses . Complex irrigation systems were built in the 9th century . The French colonial period left the large feudal landholdings intact . Roads and a railway were built , and rubber , rice and corn grown . After independence Sihanouk pursued a policy of economic independence , securing aid and investment from a number of countries . Bombing and other effects of the war during the Vietnam War damaged rice production . Lon Nol had a policy of liberalising the economy . This was followed by the victory of the Khmer Rouge and the emptying of the cities . After the defeat of the Khmer Rouge , a Five Year Plan was adopted , aiming to improve agriculture , industry and distribution , with a slogan of `` export and thrift '' . Today , Cambodia remains a largely agricultural economy and industrial development is slow .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Crime_in_Cambodia", "score": 0.6459590792655945, "text": "Crime is present in various forms in Cambodia .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Siamese–Cambodian_War_(1591–1594)", "score": 0.6427393555641174, "text": "The Siamese -- Cambodian War ( 1591 -- 1594 ) , was a military conflict fought between the Kingdom of Ayutthaya and the Kingdom of Cambodia . The war began in 1591 when Ayutthaya invaded Cambodia in response to continuous Cambodian raids into their territory . The first invasion was interrupted before it achieved its goals . The Ayutthayan king Naresuan returned two years later , eventually subjugating the whole country and finally sacking the city Longvek on 3 January 1594 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Angkor", "score": 0.6414127945899963, "text": "Angkor ( អង គរ , `` Capital City '' ) was the capital city of the Khmer Empire , which flourished from approximately the 9th to 15th centuries . Angkor was a megacity supporting at least 0.1 % of the global population during 1010-1220 . The city houses the magnificent Angkor Wat , one of Cambodia 's popular tourist attractions . The word Angkor is derived from the Sanskrit nagara , meaning `` city '' . The Angkorian period began in AD 802 , when the Khmer Hindu monarch Jayavarman II declared himself a `` universal monarch '' and `` god-king '' , and lasted until the late 14th century , first falling under Ayutthayan suzerainty in 1351 . A Khmer rebellion against Siamese authority resulted in the 1431 sacking of Angkor by Ayutthaya , causing its population to migrate south to Longvek . The ruins of Angkor are located amid forests and farmland north of the Great Lake ( Tonlé Sap ) and south of the Kulen Hills , near modern-day Siem Reap city ( 13 ° 24 ′ N , 103 ° 51 ′ E ) , in Siem Reap Province . The temples of the Angkor area number over one thousand , ranging in scale from nondescript piles of brick rubble scattered through rice fields to the Angkor Wat , said to be the world 's largest single religious monument . Many of the temples at Angkor have been restored , and together , they comprise the most significant site of Khmer architecture . Visitors approach two million annually , and the entire expanse , including Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom is collectively protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The popularity of the site among tourists presents multiple challenges to the preservation of the ruins . In 2007 , an international team of researchers using satellite photographs and other modern techniques concluded that Angkor had been the largest pre-industrial city in the world , with an elaborate infrastructure system connecting an urban sprawl of at least 1000 km2 to the well-known temples at its core . Angkor is considered to be a `` hydraulic city '' because it had a complicated water management network , which was used for systematically stabilizing , storing , and dispersing water throughout the area . This network is believed to have been used for irrigation in order to offset the unpredictable monsoon season and to also support the increasing population . Although the size of its population remains a topic of research and debate , newly identified agricultural systems in the Angkor area may have supported up to one million people .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_companies_of_Cambodia", "score": 0.6386602520942688, "text": "Cambodia is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia . It is 181035 km2 in area , bordered by Thailand to the northwest , Laos to the northeast , Vietnam to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest . The country faces numerous challenges . Important sociopolitical issues includes widespread poverty , pervasive corruption , lack of political freedoms , low human development , and a high rate of hunger . Cambodia has been described by Human Rights Watch 's Southeast Asian Director , David Roberts , as a `` vaguely communist free-market state with a relatively authoritarian coalition ruling over a superficial democracy . '' While per capita income remains low compared to most neighbouring countries , Cambodia has one of the fastest growing economies in Asia with growth averaging 6 percent over the last decade . Agriculture remains the dominant economic sector , with strong growth in textiles , construction , garments , and tourism leading to increased foreign investment and international trade . Cambodia scored dismally in an annual index ( 2015 ) ranking the rule of law in 102 countries , placing 99th overall and the worst in the region . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Cambodia '' .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Jayavarman_II", "score": 0.6327057480812073, "text": "Jayavarman II ( c. 770 -- 835 ) was a 9th-century king of Cambodia , widely recognized as the founder of the Khmer Empire , the dominant civilisation on the Southeast Asian mainland until the mid 15th century . Historians formerly dated his reign as running from 802 AD to 835 AD . Before Jayavarman II came to power , there was much fighting among local overlords who ruled different parts of Cambodia . The country was not unified under one ruler .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "History_of_Vietnam", "score": 0.6314865350723267, "text": "The history of Vietnam can be traced back to more than 4000 years ago . Archaeological findings from 1965 showed the remains of two hominins closely related to Sinanthropus , dating as far back as the Middle Pleistocene era , roughly half a million years ago . Ancient Vietnam was home to some of the world 's earliest civilizations and societies -- making them one of the world 's first people who practiced agriculture . The Red River valley formed a natural geographic and economic unit , bounded to the north and west by mountains and jungles , to the east by the sea and to the south by the Red River Delta . The need to have a single authority to prevent floods of the Red River , to cooperate in constructing hydraulic systems , trade exchange , and to fight invaders , led to the creation of the first Vietnamese states approximately 2879 BC . Another truly influential part of history in Vietnam occurred during the late Bronze Age , when the Đông Sơn culture dramatically advanced the civilization . Vietnam 's peculiar geography made it a difficult country to attack , which is why Vietnam under the Hùng kings was for so long an independent and self-contained state . The Xích Tỵs and Qins were among the earliest foreign aggressors of Vietnam , but the ancient Vietnamese managed to regain control of the country soon after the invasions . Once Vietnam did succumb to foreign rule , however , it proved unable to escape from it , and for 1,100 years , Vietnam had been successively governed by a series of Chinese dynasties : the Han , Eastern Wu , Jin , Liu Song , Southern Qi , Liang , Sui , Tang , and Southern Han ; leading to the loss of native cultural heritage , language , and much of national identity . At certain periods during these 1,100 years , Vietnam was independently governed under the Triệus , Trưng Sisters , Early Lýs , Khúcs and Dương Đình Nghệ -- although their triumphs and reigns were temporary . During the Chinese domination of North Vietnam , several civilizations flourished in what is today central and south Vietnam , particularly the Funanese and Cham . The founders and rulers of these governments , however , were not native to Vietnam . From the 10th century onwards , the Vietnamese , emerging in their heartland of the Red River Delta , began to conquer these civilizations . When Ngô Quyền ( King of Vietnam , 939 -- 944 ) restoring sovereign power in the country , the next millennium was advanced by the accomplishments of successive dynasties : Ngôs , Đinhs , Early Lês , Lýs , Trầns , Hồs , Later Trầns , Later Lês , Mạcs , Trịnhs , Nguyễns , Tây Sơns and again Nguyễns . At various points during the imperial dynasties , Vietnam was ravaged and divided by civil wars and witnessed interventions by the Songs , Mongol Yuans , Chams , Mings , Dutch , Manchus , French , and the Americans . The Ming Empire conquered the Red River valley for a while before native Vietnamese regained control and the French Empire reduced Vietnam to a French dependency for nearly a century , followed by an occupation by the Japanese Empire . Political upheaval and Communist insurrection put an end to the monarchy after World War II , and the country was proclaimed a republic .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Cambodia–China_relations", "score": 0.6290504336357117, "text": "The bilateral relations between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the People 's Republic of China have strengthened considerably after the end of the Cambodian-Vietnamese War , during which China had supported the Khmer Rouge against Vietnam .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Ying_(state)", "score": 0.6260268688201904, "text": "The State of Ying was a state of Ancient China .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Cambodia_at_the_Asian_Games", "score": 0.6214543581008911, "text": "Cambodia first competed at the Asian Games in 1954 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Geography_of_Cambodia", "score": 0.6206696033477783, "text": "Cambodia is a country in mainland South-east Asia , bordering Thailand , Laos , Vietnam , the Gulf of Thailand and covers a total area of 181035 km2 . The country is situated in its entirety inside the tropical Indomalayan ecozone and the Indochina Time zone ( ICT ) . Cambodia 's main geographical features are the low lying Central Plain that includes the Tonlé Sap basin , the lower Mekong River flood-plains and the Bassac River plain surrounded by mountain ranges to the north , east , in the south-west and south . The central lowlands extend into Vietnam to the south-east . The south and south-west of the country constitute a 443 km long coast at the Gulf of Thailand , characterized by sizable mangrove marshes , peninsulas , sandy beaches and headlands and bays . Cambodia 's territorial waters account for over 50 islands . The highest peak is Phnom Aural , sitting 1810 m above sea level . The landmass is bisected by the Mekong river , which at 486 km is the longest river in Cambodia . After extensive rapids , turbulent sections and cataracts in Laos , the river enters the country at Stung Treng province , is predominantly calm and navigable during the entire year as it widens considerably in the lowlands . The Mekong 's waters disperse into the surrounding wetlands of central Cambodia and strongly affect the seasonal nature of the Tonlé Sap lake . Two third of the country 's population live in the lowlands , where the rich sediment deposited during the Mekong 's annual flooding makes the agricultural lands highly fertile . As deforestation and over-exploitation affected Cambodia only in recent decades , forests , low mountain ranges and local eco-regions still retain much of their natural potential and although still home to the largest areas of contiguous and intact forests in mainland Southeast Asia , multiple serious environmental issues persist and accumulate , which are closely related to rapid population growth , uncontrolled globalization and inconsequent administration . The majority of the country lies within the Tropical savanna climate zone , as the coastal areas in the South and West receive noticeably more and steady rain before and during the wet season . These areas constitute the easternmost fringes of the south-west monsoon , determined to be inside the Tropical monsoon climate . Countrywide there are two seasons of relatively equal length , defined by varying precipitation as temperatures and humidity are generally high and steady throughout the entire year .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Khmer_clothing", "score": 0.6202963590621948, "text": "Khmer clothing , that is , Cambodian clothing , refers to the styles of dress worn by the Khmer people from ancient times to the present .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Tibetan_Empire", "score": 0.6199749112129211, "text": "The Tibetan Empire ( , `` Great Tibet '' ) existed from the 7th to 9th centuries AD when Tibet was unified as a large and powerful empire , and ruled an area considerably larger than the Tibetan Plateau , stretching to parts of East Asia , Central Asia and South Asia . Traditional Tibetan history described the exploits of a lengthy list of rulers . External corroboration is available from the 7th century in Chinese histories , which called the country Tǔbō . From the 7th to the 9th century a series of emperors ruled Tibet . From the time of the emperor Songtsän Gampo the power of the empire gradually increased over a diverse terrain . By the reign of the emperor Ralpacan , in the opening years of the 9th century , it controlled territories extending from the Tarim basin to the Himalayas and Bengal , and from the Pamirs to what is now Chinese provinces of Gansu and Yunnan . The varied terrain of the empire and the difficulty of transportation , coupled with the new ideas that came into the empire as a result of its expansion , helped to create stresses and power blocs that were often in competition with the ruler at the center of the empire . Thus , for example , adherents of the Bön religion and the supporters of the ancient noble families gradually came to find themselves in competition with the recently introduced Buddhism . The empire collapsed into civil war in the 840s .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Indrapura_(Khmer)", "score": 0.6188828349113464, "text": "According to inscription on the stele of Sdok Kok Thom , Indrapura was the first capital of Jayavarman II reign about 781 , before the foundation of Khmer Empire in 802 . George Coedes and Claude Jacques identified it with Banteay Prei Nokor , near Kompong Cham , Cambodia , while Michael Vickery assumes it was closer to Kompong Thom .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
172885
On the Road (film) premiered at a film festival.
[ { "id": "On_the_Road_(film)", "score": 0.7211769223213196, "text": "On the Road ( Sur la route ) is a 2012 adventure drama film directed by Walter Salles . It is an adaptation of Jack Kerouac 's 1957 novel of the same name and stars an ensemble cast featuring Garrett Hedlund , Sam Riley , Kristen Stewart , Alice Braga , Amy Adams , Tom Sturridge , Danny Morgan , Elisabeth Moss , Kirsten Dunst , and Viggo Mortensen . The executive producer was Francis Ford Coppola . Filming began on August 4 , 2010 , in Montreal , Quebec , with a $ 25 million budget . The story is based on the years Kerouac spent travelling the United States in the late 1940s with his friend Neal Cassady and several other Beat Generation figures who would go on to fame in their own right , including William S. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg . On May 23 , 2012 , the film premiered in competition for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival . The film received mixed early reviews after it premiered at the film festival . The film also premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival in September ." } ]
[ { "id": "Moviemiento", "score": 0.6810793876647949, "text": "Moviemiento - short films on the road is a travelling short film festival originating in Berlin .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "On_the_Road_(Czech_TV_series)", "score": 0.6625791192054749, "text": "On the Road ( Czech : `` Na cestě '' ) is a documentary travelogue series on Czech Television . It is led by the creative director Mojmír Kučera . Czech Television broadcast it since 2006 . Movies of the series cover the lifestyle , habits and the typical features of the regions around the world . Each episode takes 26 minutes and is presented by the voices of Czech actors Jiří Bartoška and Miroslav Donutil . Category : Czech television series Category : Travel television series Category :2006 Czech television series debuts", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Film_festival", "score": 0.6588619351387024, "text": "A film festival is an organised , extended presentation of films in one or more cinemas or screening venues , usually in a single city or region . Increasingly , film festivals show some films outdoors . Films may be of recent date and , depending upon the festival 's focus , can include international and domestic releases . Some festivals focus on a specific film-maker or genre ( e.g. , film noir ) or subject matter ( e.g. , horror film festivals ) . A number of film festivals specialise in short films of a defined maximum length . Film festivals are typically annual events . Some film historians do not consider Film Festivals as official releases of film , like Jerry Beck . The best known film festivals are the Cannes Film Festival , the Venice Film Festival , the Toronto International Film Festival , Sundance Film Festival , and the Berlin International Film Festival , the latter being the largest film festival worldwide , based on attendance . The Venice Film Festival is the oldest major festival . The Melbourne International Film Festival is the largest film festival in the Southern Hemisphere and one of the oldest in the world . The San Sebastián International Film Festival is one of the most important and oldest film festivals in Europe . It was at this festival where the worldwide first release of North by Northwest was showed , as well as the first release of Star Wars in Europe", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Festival_on_Wheels", "score": 0.6516841053962708, "text": "The Festival on Wheels ( 16 Gazici Festival ) is an annual film festival , organised by the Ankara Cinema Association based in Ankara , Turkey , which has been held since 1995 . Its mission is to present outstanding examples of cinema to film enthusiasts in different cities around Turkey and to introduce Turkish cinema to the rest of the world . During its first 16 iterations the festival has visited the cities of Ankara , Artvin , Baku ( Azerbaijan ) , Bursa , Çanakkale , Drama ( Greece ) , Eskişehir , Gaziantep , Istanbul , Izmir , Kars , Kayseri , Malatya , Mersin , Ordu , Samsun , Sarajevo ( Bosnia and Herzegovina ) and T'blisi ( Georgia ) . The festival has held an International Competition since 2007 which currently awards First Prize ( $ 10,000 ) , Second Prize ( $ 5000 ) and the SİYAD ( Turkish Association of Film Critics ) Prize , as well as the Audience Award , a prize determined by the votes of the public and awarded to a short film screened in the festival . The festival also puts on a programme of workshops to which it invites a number of filmmakers from Turkey and overseas .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Sisters_on_the_Road", "score": 0.6486659646034241, "text": "Sisters on the Road ( ; lit . `` Now , things are just fine as they are '' ) is a South Korean independent film written and directed by Boo Ji-young , and starring Shin Mina and Gong Hyo-jin . Filming was in 2007 and its world premiere was at the 2008 Pusan International Film Festival . It was released in South Korean theaters in 2009 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Road_movie_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6462540626525879, "text": "A road movie is a cinematic genre in which the action takes places during a road journey . Road movie may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Air_Canada_enRoute_Film_Festival", "score": 0.6390789151191711, "text": "The Air Canada enRoute Film Festival is an annual film festival of short films hosted by Air Canada and its in-flight magazine enRoute . Films are shown as in-flight entertainment as well as screened theatrically in Toronto , Montreal and Vancouver .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "On_the_Road", "score": 0.6383009552955627, "text": "On the Road is a novel by American writer Jack Kerouac , based on the travels of Kerouac and his friends across the United States . It is considered a defining work of the postwar Beat and Counterculture generations , with its protagonists living life against a backdrop of jazz , poetry , and drug use . The novel , published in 1957 , is a roman à clef , with many key figures in the Beat movement , such as William S. Burroughs ( Old Bull Lee ) , Allen Ginsberg ( Carlo Marx ) and Neal Cassady ( Dean Moriarty ) represented by characters in the book , including Kerouac himself as the narrator Sal Paradise . The idea for On the Road , Kerouac 's second novel , was formed during the late 1940s in a series of notebooks , and then typed out on a continuous reel of paper during three weeks in April 1951 . It was first published by Viking Press in 1957 . After several film proposals dating from 1957 , the book was finally made into a film , On the Road ( 2012 ) , produced by Francis Ford Coppola and directed by Walter Salles . When the book was originally released , The New York Times hailed it as `` the most beautifully executed , the clearest and the most important utterance yet made by the generation Kerouac himself named years ago as ` beat , ' and whose principal avatar he is . '' In 1998 , the Modern Library ranked On the Road 55th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century . The novel was chosen by Time magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005 .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Independent_film", "score": 0.636701226234436, "text": "An independent film or indie film is a feature film that is produced outside of the major film studio system , in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment agencies . Independent films are sometimes distinguishable by their content and style and the way in which the filmmakers ' personal artistic vision is realized . Usually , but not always , independent films are made with considerably lower budgets than major studio movies . Generally , the marketing of independent films is characterized by limited release , but can also have major marketing campaigns and a wide release . Independent films are often screened at local , national , or international film festivals before distribution ( theatrical or retail release ) . An independent film production can rival a mainstream film production if it has the necessary funding and distribution .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "On_the_Road_(Art_Farmer_album)", "score": 0.6354311108589172, "text": "On the Road is an album by Art Farmer recorded in Los Angeles in 1976 and originally released on the Contemporary label .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Open_Road_Films", "score": 0.6340283751487732, "text": "Open Road Films ( or simply Open Road ) is an American film production and distribution company based in Los Angeles , California . It was launched in March 2011 by the two largest U.S. theatrical exhibitors , AMC Theatres and Regal Entertainment Group .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "The_Road_(2009_film)", "score": 0.6315258741378784, "text": "The Road is a 2009 American post-apocalyptic drama film directed by John Hillcoat from a screenplay written by Joe Penhall , based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning 2006 novel of the same name by the American author Cormac McCarthy . Principal photography took place in Pennsylvania , Louisiana , West Virginia , and Oregon . The film stars Viggo Mortensen and Kodi Smit-McPhee as a father and his son in a post-apocalyptic wasteland . The Road received a limited release in North American cinemas from November 25 , 2009 , and was released in United Kingdom cinemas on January 4 , 2010 . The film received generally positive reviews from critics ; the performances of Mortensen and Smit-McPhee garnered praise . It also received numerous nominations , including a BAFTA nomination for Best Cinematography .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Arab_film_festivals", "score": 0.6298656463623047, "text": "A growing number of film festivals are held in the Middle East to showcase films from the region as well as international standouts . In addition , institutions and organizations in other parts of the world are increasingly honoring the new generation of filmmakers in the Middle East with Arab film festivals . Though burgeoning Arab filmmakers still struggle with constrained funding and a lack of established distribution channels , artists are beginning to produce more and more commercially viable films . Films featured at festivals both in the Middle East and around the world run the gamut from films about war , identity , political or social issues to romantic comedies and thrillers . Goals of festival organizers are largely to provide an alternative portrayal of Arabs to that in mainstream global media in order to promote understanding and dialogue between the Arab world and the West . In addition , festivals work to support Arab filmmakers in the Middle East and elsewhere by providing a platform for them to screen and promote their cinematic achievements to broad audiences .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Sundance_Film_Festival", "score": 0.628791093826294, "text": "The Sundance Film Festival , a program of the Sundance Institute , is an American film festival that takes place annually in Park City , Utah . With 46,660 attendees in 2016 , it is the largest independent film festival in the United States . Held in January in Park City , Salt Lake City , and Ogden , as well as at the Sundance Resort , the festival is a showcase for new work from American and international independent filmmakers . The festival comprises competitive sections for American and international dramatic and documentary films , both feature films and short films , and a group of out-of-competition sections , including NEXT , New Frontier , Spotlight , Midnight , Premieres and Documentary Premieres . The 2017 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 19 to January 29 , 2017 .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Action_On_Film_International_Film_Festival", "score": 0.6283984184265137, "text": "The Action On Film International Film Festival , also known as the Action On Film Festival , is a film festival currently held in Monrovia , California . It was founded in 2004 , and it has been held in several different cities in California . Being a hub for many returning filmmakers each year , they have expanded as an Official Distributor to SHORTS.TV and they also program Feature Films at a number of Indie Theaters .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Trial_on_the_Road", "score": 0.6244168877601624, "text": "Trial on the Road ( -LSB- Проверка на дорогах , Proverka na Dorogakh -RSB- ) is a 1971 Soviet film set in World War II , directed by Aleksey German , starring Rolan Bykov , Anatoly Solonitsyn and Vladimir Zamansky . It is also known as Checkpoint or Check up on the Road . Trial on the Road was censored and taken out of circulation in the Soviet Union for 15 years after its release due to its controversial depiction of Soviet soldiers . The film is based on a story by the director 's father , Yuri German . The screenplay was written by Eduard Volodarsky .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Words_of_Advice:_William_S._Burroughs_on_the_Road", "score": 0.6234830617904663, "text": "Words of Advice : William S. Burroughs on the Road , is a 2007 documentary about William S. Burroughs directed by Lars Movin and Steen Møller Rasmussen and produced in Denmark . The documentary is based on never-before-seen footage from his visit to Denmark in October 1983 , and from his later years in Lawrence , Kansas . Shortly thereafter he began touring and reading his work to new generations of readers and thus establishing himself as a cult figure . The film focuses on Burroughs ' unique talent as a performer , and on his later work , especially what is known as The Last Trilogy . In addition to the historic footage there are new interviews with friends and colleagues such as James Grauerholz , John Giorno , Hal Willner , Jennie Skerl , Regina Weinreich , Ann Douglas . Music by Material , Patti Smith , and Islamic Diggers . The film premiered on 9 November 2007 at the Copenhagen International Documentary Festival in Copenhagen and the book and a Burroughs photo exhibition were launched the same night . The first international screening took place at the Paradiso in Amsterdam , as part of a Burroughs tribute event on 10 November 2007 . Rasmussen was awarded the Danish Film Institute 's Roos Award 2007 , for `` outstanding efforts in documentary filmmaking '' on the basis of the film .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "First_Car_Film_Festival", "score": 0.6230989098548889, "text": "The First Car Film Festival was held in the province of Florence , Italy on the 8th and 9 March 2009 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Film", "score": 0.622393786907196, "text": "A film , also called a movie , motion picture , theatrical film , or photoplay , is a series of still images which , when shown on a screen , creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon . This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession . The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry . A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera ; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques ; by means of CGI and computer animation ; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects . The word `` cinema '' , short for cinematography , is often used to refer to the industry of films and filmmaking or to the art of filmmaking itself . The contemporary definition of cinema is the art of simulating experiences to communicate ideas , stories , perceptions , feelings , beauty or atmosphere by the means of recorded or programmed moving images along with other sensory stimulations . Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process and then shown through a movie projector onto a large screen . The adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates . Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the entire process of production , distribution , and exhibition from start to finish . Films recorded in a photochemical form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack , which is a graphic recording of the spoken words , music and other sounds that accompany the images . It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected . Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures . They reflect those cultures , and , in turn , affect them . Film is considered to be an important art form , a source of popular entertainment , and a powerful medium for educating -- or indoctrinating -- citizens . The visual basis of film gives it a universal power of communication . Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer . Some have criticized the film industry 's glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women . The individual images that make up a film are called frames . During projection of traditional films , a rotating shutter causes intervals of darkness as each frame , in turn , is moved into position to be projected , but the viewer does not notice the interruptions because of an effect known as persistence of vision , whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed . The perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon . The name `` film '' originates from the fact that photographic film ( also called film stock ) has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures . Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture , including picture , picture show , moving picture , photoplay , and flick . The most common term in the United States is movie , while in Europe film is preferred . Terms for the field , in general , include the big screen , the silver screen , the movies , and cinema ; the latter is commonly used in scholarly texts and critical essays , especially by European writers . In early years , the word sheet was sometimes used instead of screen .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Burn_Burn_Burn", "score": 0.6211413741111755, "text": "Burn Burn Burn is a 2015 British black comedy film , the directorial debut of Chanya Button . The film is a coming-of-age tale , inspired by the Jack Kerouac novel On the Road published in 1957 . The fictional plot follows the story of two girls , Seph ( Laura Carmichael ) and Alex ( Chloe Pirrie ) , taking a road trip to follow the instructions of their close friend Dan , who has died and given them instructions where to scatter his ashes . The ashes ( stored in tupperware in the glove compartment ) keep diminishing in quantity as the trip progresses . The film had its World premiere at the BFI London Film Festival 2015 .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
89016
Paramore's co-founders left the band in March 2010.
[ { "id": "Paramore_(album)", "score": 0.6131251454353333, "text": "Paramore is the self-titled fourth studio album by American rock band Paramore . It was released on April 5 , 2013 , through Fueled by Ramen as a follow-up to Brand New Eyes ( 2009 ) . It is their first full-length album released after the departure of co-founders Josh and Zac Farro in 2010 . Recorded between April and November 1 , 2012 , the album was described by the band as being a `` statement '' and a reintroduction of the band to the world and to themselves . It is the only album without Zac Farro on drums , and the final album recorded with bassist Jeremy Davis before he left the band in 2015 . The album was produced by Justin Meldal-Johnsen , with lead guitarist Taylor York co-producing on four tracks . In contrast to band 's previous work , the production of Paramore contains the band 's experimentation with new musical genres , such as new wave and funk rock , and features three acoustic interludes . Paramore received acclaim from music critics , who praised the band 's maturity and experimentation in terms of musicianship as well as Williams ' vocals and overall presence on the album . Several publications included the album in their year-end lists , including The A.V. Club and The Guardian . Paramore was a commercial success , debuting at number one on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 106,000 copies . The album also topped the charts in Argentina , Australia , Brazil , Ireland , and New Zealand , where it became their first album to reach the summit . It also became their second chart topper in the United Kingdom . In March 2016 , Paramore was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , for sales exceeding 1,000,000 . The group followed the record release with The Self-Titled Tour in promotion , with European , North American , Asian , Latin American , and Oceania legs announced . In 2014 , Fall Out Boy and Paramore co-headlined Monumentour . A deluxe edition of the album was released on November 24 , 2014 . Four singles were released from the album : `` Now '' , `` Still Into You '' , `` Daydreaming '' , and the Grammy-winning song `` Ai n't It Fun '' . `` Still Into You '' and `` Ai n't It Fun '' have reached top ten positions on various charts in the United States and have been certified double platinum by the RIAA , making Paramore the first of the band 's albums to have produced more than one double platinum single ." } ]
[ { "id": "Gone_(band)", "score": 0.581142008304596, "text": "Gone is a three-piece punk-based instrumental rock band , formed by Greg Ginn in late 1985 . Originally , Gone was a side project to his main group , Black Flag .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Hayley_Williams", "score": 0.5807228684425354, "text": "Hayley Nichole Williams ( born December 27 , 1988 ) is an American singer and songwriter . She serves as the lead vocalist , primary songwriter and occasional keyboardist of the rock band Paramore .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Renegade_(Paramore_song)", "score": 0.5787789821624756, "text": "`` Renegade '' is a song by American rock band Paramore . It was released on October 11 , 2011 as the first single from Paramore 's Singles Club series which was announced on the day of the single 's release . It was announced that the band would release three singles until the end of 2011 with a single released per month , `` Renegade '' being the first one and followed by `` Hello Cold World '' on November 7 and `` In the Mourning '' on December 5 . The song was recorded along with the band 's previous single `` Monster '' during a short recording session with producer Rob Cavallo , which resulted in four songs that the band decided to release as stand alone singles , to purchase exclusively on the Singles Club on their official website .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_artists_who_left_right_before_their_bands_became_famous", "score": 0.5762940645217896, "text": "While many notable bands go through several lineup changes throughout their careers , this list of artists who left right before their bands became famous only lists members who quit or were fired from a band shortly before the band achieved mainstream commercial success . Artists who were only meant to be temporary stand-ins in their bands should not be included in this list . The bands the listed artists left must be notable , can be from any genre of music , and includes vocal groups whose members do not play instruments . Because these artists left before their former bands ' mainstream breakthrough , they should not be considered part of their former bands ' `` classic '' lineups .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "The_Only_Exception", "score": 0.5760429501533508, "text": "`` The Only Exception '' is a song by American rock band Paramore . It was released by Fueled by Ramen in February 2010 as the third single from the band 's third studio album , Brand New Eyes ( 2009 ) . The song was written by band members Hayley Williams and Josh Farro ; Paramore is also credited as being co-producers to the song . The song was generally well received by music critics ; praise of the song was mainly about Williams ' vocal performance . Music critics reviewing the song noted that `` The Only Exception '' was a different musical theme for the band . `` The Only Exception '' has been the most successful single from Brand New Eyes , having topped the United Kingdom Rock Chart and peaked at No. 13 and No. 17 in New Zealand and Australia respectively . The single has become the band 's third of five top forty hits to date on the Billboard Hot 100 . A music video for the song , directed by Brandon Chesbro , was released on February 17 , 2010 , via the band 's official website . The song received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals . It was the band 's most successful single to date until the release of `` Ai n't It Fun '' ( 2014 ) .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Jeremy_Davis", "score": 0.5755566358566284, "text": "Jeremiah Clayton `` Jeremy '' Davis ( born February 8 , 1985 ) is an American musician who is known as the former bass guitarist of the rock band Paramore until his departure in December 2015 .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Brand_New_Eyes", "score": 0.5728762745857239, "text": "Brand New Eyes is the third studio album by American rock band Paramore , released on September 29 , 2009 through Fueled by Ramen in the United States and Canada . The album was produced by Rob Cavallo and recorded in Hidden Hills , California from January to March 2009 . It was written by band members Hayley Williams and Josh Farro , with guitarist Taylor York who co-wrote on four tracks , as a follow-up to Riot ! ( 2007 ) . Praised by critics for its songwriting and the band 's increased maturity , the album won Best Album at the Kerrang ! Awards 2010 , and `` The Only Exception '' received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals . Several publications included Brand New Eyes in their year-end lists . The album produced five singles , `` Ignorance '' , `` Brick by Boring Brick '' , `` The Only Exception '' , `` Careful '' , and `` Playing God '' , all of which have been commercially successful in the United States , and internationally . Brand New Eyes debuted at number two on Billboard 200 selling 184,547 copies in its first week , becoming their biggest album on that chart , until their self-titled album debuted at number one in 2013 . The album topped the charts in many countries across the world including Australia , New Zealand , Ireland and the United Kingdom , making it the band 's second-highest charting album to date . The album was certified platinum by the RIAA on March 22 , 2016 for shipments in excess of 1,000,000 albums . It was certified platinum in the UK for 300,000 shipments and in Ireland for 15,000 shipments . The band promoted the album with the Brand New Eyes World Tour , playing shows in North America , Asia , Europe etc. as well as festival appearances . Brand New Eyes was the final album recorded by Paramore before Josh and Zac Farro left the band . Zac Farro would later rejoin Paramore in 2017 .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Former_Arctic_Monkeys_members", "score": 0.5720346570014954, "text": "Arctic Monkeys are a four-piece band from Sheffield , England . Originally formed in 2002 , the band has seen two of its members depart over the subsequent 5 years .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Texas_Is_the_Reason", "score": 0.5720032453536987, "text": "Texas Is the Reason were an American emo/post-hardcore band founded by former Shelter guitarist Norman Brannon and 108 drummer Chris Daly in 1994 . They disbanded in 1997 , and held brief reunions in 2006 and 2012-2013 . They are seen as one of the cornerstones of the '90s emo movement and remain very influential in modern emo .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Anklebiters", "score": 0.5714415311813354, "text": "`` Anklebiters '' is a song by American rock band Paramore , and is the tenth track from their self-titled fourth studio album . The song was written by the band 's lead singer Hayley Williams , rhythm guitarist Taylor York and Justin Meldal-Johnsen .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Monumentour", "score": 0.5709266066551208, "text": "Monumentour was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock bands Fall Out Boy and Paramore in support of their latest albums , Save Rock and Roll ( 2013 ) and Paramore ( 2013 ) . It was supported by New Politics as the opening band . The tour was set to play a total of forty-four concerts over the course four months in North America . The tour was announced in January 2014 , and was later expanded in April 2014 . It was the first time the bands toured together , hence the name Monumentour .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "HalfNoise", "score": 0.5708706378936768, "text": "HalfNoise ( often stylized as HALFNOISE ) is the musical project of Zac Farro , drummer of the American rock band Paramore . Based in Nashville , Tennessee , Farro formed the project alongside Jason Clark following Farro 's departure from Paramore in 2010 . The project now consists of Farro alone . He released the debut self-titled EP of the project , HalfNoise , in 2012 . Since then , he released two studio albums , Volcano Crowe ( 2014 ) and Sudden Feeling ( 2016 ) , and the The Velvet Face EP in 2017 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "In_the_Mourning", "score": 0.5701444149017334, "text": "`` In the Mourning '' is a song by American rock band Paramore . It was released on December 5 , 2011 as the third single from Paramore 's Singles Club series which was announced on the day of the single 's release . It was announced that the band would release 3 singles until the end of 2011 with a single released per month , `` In The Mourning '' being the third and the last song of this EP . The song was recorded with the previous singles `` Monster '' , `` Renegade '' and `` Hello Cold World '' in a session with producer Rob Cavallo , who had previously worked with Paramore on their album Brand New Eyes .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "2010_in_music", "score": 0.5698530077934265, "text": "This topic covers notable events and articles related to 2010 in music .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Deaths_in_March_2010", "score": 0.5674948692321777, "text": "The following is a list of notable deaths in March 2010 .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Told_You_So_(Paramore_song)", "score": 0.5651473999023438, "text": "`` Told You So '' is a song by American rock band Paramore . It was released on May 3 , 2017 through Fueled by Ramen as the second single off their fifth studio album After Laughter . It was written by lead vocalist Hayley Williams and guitarist Taylor York and was recorded in the band 's hometown , Nashville , Tennessee . A music video for the song , directed by drummer Zac Farro and Aaron Joseph , was uploaded to their record label Fueled by Ramen 's YouTube channel along with the release of the song .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Evanescence", "score": 0.5650824904441833, "text": "Evanescence -LSB- ˌɛv.æn.ˈɛs.ɛns -RSB- is an American rock band founded in Little Rock , Arkansas in 1995 by singer/pianist Amy Lee and guitarist Ben Moody . After recording independent albums , the band released their first full-length album , Fallen , on Wind-up Records in 2003 . Fallen sold more than 17 million copies worldwide and helped the band win two Grammy Awards out of seven nominations , as well as scoring No. 6 in CBS 's `` Top Bestselling Albums of the Last 10 Years '' ( 2008 ) . A year later , Evanescence released their first live album , Anywhere but Home , which sold more than one million copies worldwide . In 2006 , the band released their second studio album , The Open Door , which sold more than five million copies . The line-up of the group has changed several times : David Hodges leaving in 2002 , co-founder Moody left in 2003 ( mid-tour ) , bassist Will Boyd in 2006 , followed by guitarist John LeCompt and drummer Rocky Gray in 2007 , and Terry Balsamo in 2015 . As a result , none of the band 's three studio albums feature the same lineup . The latter two changes led to a hiatus , with temporary band members contributing to tour performances . Billboard ranked Evanescence No. 71 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart . Announced in June 2009 , the newest line-up of the band eventually returned with Evanescence , their self-titled third studio album , released on October 11 , 2011 . It debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart with 127,000 copies in sales . The album also debuted at No. 1 on four other different Billboard charts ; the Rock Albums , Digital Albums , Alternative Albums , and the Hard Rock Albums charts . The band spent 2012 on tour in promotion of their latest album with other bands including The Pretty Reckless and Fair to Midland . Troy McLawhorn also became a full-time band member during this time . Following the end of the album 's tour cycle in 2012 , the band entered another hiatus . In 2015 , the band emerged from hiatus and announced they would resume touring ; however , they denied that new Evanescence material was being produced , as Lee was focusing on a solo project instead . In addition , Balsamo left the band and was replaced by Jen Majura . Late 2016 saw additional touring from the band and a statement from Lee that Evanescence would continue . In March 2017 , Lee stated Evanescence was working on a fourth album for release later in 2017 . The title was later revealed to be Synthesis , and will feature a stylistic change in the band 's sound .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Zac_Farro", "score": 0.5649272799491882, "text": "Zachary Wayne `` Zac '' Farro ( born June 4 , 1990 ) is an American musician and drummer of the rock band Paramore . He is also the younger brother of Josh Farro , who is Paramore 's former lead guitarist and backing vocalist . After he and his brother exited Paramore in 2010 , Josh formed a band named Novel American , which Zac was also a part of . Zac is currently the sole member of the band Half Noise . Farro rejoined Paramore on February 2 , 2017 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Van_Atta_High", "score": 0.563740611076355, "text": "Van Atta High ( or VAH ) was an American Emo/Screamo band from New Jersey , formed in 2006 , and disbanded on May 14 , 2010 .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Paramore's_Videos._All_of_Them._Ever", "score": 0.5586091876029968, "text": "Paramore 's Videos . All of Them . Ever is a music video compilation album by Paramore . It was only released digitally via the iTunes Store on May 11 , 2010 . The album features ten of the band 's most popular videos .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
147532
Peter Davison has been in a BBC show.
[ { "id": "Sink_or_Swim_(TV_series)", "score": 0.6421462297439575, "text": "Sink or Swim is a BBC TV sitcom from the 1980s with Peter Davison as the lead character Brian Webber . Brian Webber lives in a flat above a petrol station in London ( in the last series he moved to Newcastle to attend university ) . He 's trying hard to make his way in the world , thus far with limited success . His girlfriend , Sonia , is a very serious minded young woman who is passionate only about things like vegetarianism and ecology . When Brian 's younger brother , Steve , arrives in London looking for somewhere to stay , his lazy , cynical , noisy `` Northern lout '' attitude disrupts Brian 's already messy life . Like Only Fools and Horses , Sink or Swim was filmed in Bristol doubling for London . It ran for three series between 4 December 1980 and 14 October 1982 and was written by Alex Shearer , who later wrote the Nicholas Lyndhurst sitcom The Two of Us for LWT from 1986 to 1990 . Production of the sitcom overlapped the first two years of Davison also starring as the Fifth Doctor in Doctor Who , which imposed constraints on the recording schedules ." }, { "id": "Peter_Davison", "score": 0.7456806898117065, "text": "Peter Davison ( born Peter Malcolm Gordon Moffett on 13 April 1951 ) is an English actor with many credits in television dramas and sitcoms . He became famous as Tristan Farnon in the BBC 's television adaptation of James Herriot 's All Creatures Great and Small stories . His subsequent starring roles included the sitcoms Holding the Fort and Sink or Swim , the fifth incarnation of the Doctor in Doctor Who , Dr. Stephen Daker in A Very Peculiar Practice and Albert Campion in Campion . He later played David Braithwaite in At Home with the Braithwaites , `` Dangerous '' Davies in The Last Detective and Henry Sharpe in Law & Order : UK ." } ]
[ { "id": "The_Complete_Guide_to_Parenting", "score": 0.6577702760696411, "text": "The Complete Guide to Parenting is a British television comedy drama series broadcast on ITV in 2006 . Created and written by Paul Smith , the series stars Peter Davison as George Huntley , Professor of Child Psychology at London University , best-selling author of Hey Mum & Dad , Get Your Act Together and LBC resident parenting guru . He finds this purported parenting expertise put to the test , when his wife Phoebe ( Josie Lawrence ) takes a job based in Paris . George has to hold the fort and look after his 7-year-old son Jamie ( Noah Hedges ) , for the very first time , whilst juggling the rest of his busy life . Whilst scenes are filmed at UCL , which is one of the universities that make up the University of London , it is unclear whether this show 's ` London University ' is meant to be the University of London .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "BBC_Television", "score": 0.6544853448867798, "text": "BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The corporation has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927 . It produced television programmes from its own studios since 1932 , although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936 . The BBC 's domestic television channels have no commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30 % of all UK viewing . The services are funded by a television licence . As a result of the 2016 Licence Fee settlement , the BBC Television division was split , with in-house television production being separated into a new division called BBC Studios and the remaining parts of television ( channels and genre commissioning , BBC Sport , BBC Three and BBC iPlayer ) being renamed as BBC Content .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "List_of_Spooks_episodes", "score": 0.6539598703384399, "text": "Spooks ( known as MI-5 in certain countries ) is a BAFTA-winning British spy drama television series , created by David Wolstencroft . It debuted on BBC One on 13 May 2002 . The series follows the activities of the intelligence officers of Section D in MI5 . From its debut until its finale on 23 October 2011 , 86 episodes were aired across ten complete series . The first series has six episodes , and series two through six have 10 episodes each . Series seven through nine have eight episodes each . The ninth series aired between September and November 2010 . The tenth and final series , which began airing on 18 September 2011 , consists of six episodes . The individual episodes have no official titles , though there are internal working titles . The USA versions air with titles , which sometimes , but not always , match the working titles .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "BBC_iPlayer", "score": 0.653073787689209, "text": "BBC iPlayer is an internet streaming , catchup , television and radio service from the UK 's BBC . The service is available on a wide range of devices , including mobile phones and tablets , personal computers , and smart televisions . iPlayer services delivered to UK licence-payers feature no commercial advertising ; non-UK users receive adverts . The terms BBC iPlayer , iPlayer , and BBC Media Player refer to various methods for viewing/listening to the same content . Viewing programmes from the UK without a TV licence is a criminal offence . In 2015 , the BBC reported that it was moving towards playing audio and video content via open HTML5 standards in web browsers rather than via Flash or their Media Player mobile app .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "BBC_One", "score": 0.6526159644126892, "text": "BBC One is the flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of sister channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012 -- 13 is # 1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and therefore shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . the channel controller for BBC One is Charlotte Moore , who succeeded Danny Cohen initially as an Acting Controller from May 2013 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Daniel_Coonan", "score": 0.6520349979400635, "text": "Daniel Coonan is a British actor .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Sirens_of_Time", "score": 0.6500830054283142, "text": "The Sirens of Time is the first Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The story was written by Nicholas Briggs and stars Peter Davison , Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy . It was recorded between 6 -- 7 March 1999 . To coincide with the release of this new Doctor Who range , a CD was given away free with Doctor Who Magazine # 279 . Titled Talking ` Bout My Regeneration , this documentary considered the history of the show in audio and featured behind the scenes interviews with the cast and production crew . Davison 's and Baker 's interpretation of their respective regeneration of The Doctor was well received , with each having a distinct voice and considerable character development .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Time_Crash", "score": 0.6487429141998291, "text": "`` Time Crash '' is a mini-episode of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . It was broadcast on 16 November 2007 , as part of the BBC One telethon for the children 's charity Children in Need . Written by Steven Moffat , it starred David Tennant and Peter Davison as the Doctor . The episode , set during the last scene of the previous episode `` Last of the Time Lords '' , depicts a humorous encounter between the Doctor 's fifth and tenth incarnations , played by Davison and Tennant respectively . `` Time Crash '' was praised by critics who reviewed the episode , and was a ratings success ; it was the most-viewed show of the night , and briefly the most-viewed episode of Doctor Who since 2005 , with 11 million viewers .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_Gavin_&_Stacey_characters", "score": 0.6486774682998657, "text": "Gavin & Stacey is an award winning British television comedy series , following the lives of the title characters Gavin ( Mathew Horne ) and Stacey ( Joanna Page ) , who , before marrying , live on opposite sides of the country , Gavin in Billericay , Essex , and Stacey in Barry Town , Vale of Glamorgan . During the first two series Gavin lives with his parents Mick ( Larry Lamb ) and Pam ( Alison Steadman ) but in the third series he has moved , with Stacey , to Barry and lives with Stacey 's mum . He has a best friend Neil `` Smithy '' Smith ( James Corden ) . For most of the episodes Stacey lives in Barry with her mum Gwen ( Melanie Walters ) , with an extended family of Uncle Bryn ( Rob Brydon ) across the street , and best friend Vanessa Shanessa `` Nessa '' Jenkins ( Ruth Jones ) , but for a short while during series two she lived with Gavin , Pam and Mick in Essex .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Pete_Lee-Wilson", "score": 0.6455615758895874, "text": "Pete Lee-Wilson is a British television and film actor .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "The_Bachelor_(UK_TV_series)", "score": 0.6434767246246338, "text": "The Bachelor is a British reality television show that began airing on BBC Three from 30 March 2003 to 13 February 2005 , before moving to Channel 5 from 19 August 2011 to 31 August 2012 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "CBBC_(TV_channel)", "score": 0.6430501937866211, "text": "CBBC ( Short for Children 's BBC ) is a British free-to-air children 's television channel operated by the BBC . Launching on 11 February 2002 as a spin-off from the BBC 's children 's strand of the same name , CBBC broadcasts for fourteen hours per-day from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. on Freeview , cable , IPTV and digital satellite . CBBC is primarily aimed at viewers 6 to 12 years old ; a sister channel known as CBeebies serves a younger audience . CBBC was named Channel of the Year at the Children 's BAFTA awards in November 2008 and 2015 . The channel averages 300,000 viewers daily . The channel originally shared bandwidth on the digital terrestrial television platform with BBC Knowledge , and later BBC Three , necessitating that CBBC sign off at 7:00 p.m. daily . Beginning on 11 April 2016 , following the closure of the linear BBC Three television service , CBBC extended its broadcast day by two hours . On 22 August 2008 , the BBC announced that the channel would be available live on its website from 16 September . CBBC 's reach further expanded with the addition of the channel on the Sky line-up in the Republic of Ireland on 12 May 2011 . Since 27 March 2013 , CBBC has been carried by the British Forces Broadcasting Service ( BFBS ) , sharing a channel with BBC Two .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Philip_Davison", "score": 0.6424984931945801, "text": "Philip Davison is an Irish novelist , screenwriter and playwright . He was born in 1957 in Dublin , Ireland . He is perhaps best known for his series of spy novels which follow Harry Fielding 's activities as an understrapper for the MI5 .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "The_Office_(UK_TV_series)", "score": 0.6424943208694458, "text": "The Office is a British mockumentary sitcom , first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 9 July 2001 . Created , written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant , the programme is about the day-to-day lives of office employees in the Slough branch of the fictitious Wernham Hogg Paper Company . Gervais also stars in the series , playing the central character , David Brent . Two six-episode series were made , along with a pair of 45-minute Christmas specials . When it was first shown on BBC Two , it was nearly cancelled due to low ratings , but it has since become one of the most successful of all British comedy exports . As well as being shown internationally on BBC Worldwide , channels such as BBC Prime , BBC America and BBC Canada , the series has been sold to broadcasters in over 80 countries , including ABC1 in Australia , The Comedy Network in Canada , TVNZ in New Zealand and the pan-Asian satellite channel STAR World , based in Hong Kong . The show began airing in The United States on Cartoon Network 's late night programing block , Adult Swim on 18 September 2009 until 2012 . The show centres on themes of social clumsiness , the trivialities of human behaviour , self-importance and conceit , frustration , desperation and fame . The success of the show led to a number of localised adaptations ( based upon its basic story and themes ) being produced for the television markets of other nations , resulting in an international Office franchise .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_Torchwood_episodes", "score": 0.6366595029830933, "text": "Torchwood is a British science fiction television programme created by Russell T Davies . A spin-off from the 2005 revival of long-running science fiction programme Doctor Who , Torchwood aired four series between 2006 and 2011 . The show shifted its broadcast channel each series to reflect its growing audience , moving from BBC Three to BBC Two to BBC One , and acquiring US financing in its fourth series when it became a co-production of BBC One and Starz . In contrast to Doctor Who , whose target audience includes both adults and children , Torchwood is aimed at an older audience . Over its run , the show explored a number of themes ; prominent among these were existentialism , homosexual and bisexual relationships , and explorations of human corruptibility .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Angus_Deayton", "score": 0.6362946033477783, "text": "Gordon Angus Deayton ( -LSB- ˈdiːtən -RSB- born 6 January 1956 ) , known professionally as Angus Deayton , is an English actor , writer , musician , comedian , and broadcaster . He was the original presenter of the satirical panel game Have I Got News for You , a job from which he was dismissed in October 2002 after a second round of tabloid allegations about his personal life . He also played Victor Meldrew 's long-suffering neighbour Patrick Trench in the comedy series One Foot in the Grave , and George Windsor in the final three series of Waterloo Road .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "BBC_Four", "score": 0.6362753510475159, "text": "BBC Four is a British television channel operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation and available to digital television viewers on Freeview , IPTV , satellite , and cable . BBC Four launched on 2 March 2002 , with a schedule running from 19:00 to 04:00 . The channel shows `` a wide variety of programmes including comedy , documentaries , music , international film , original programmes , drama and current affairs ... an alternative to programmes on the mainstream TV channels '' . It is required by its licence to broadcast at least 100 hours of new arts and music programmes , 110 hours of new factual programmes and to premiere twenty international films each year .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "List_of_Blue_Peter_presenters", "score": 0.6360695362091064, "text": "Blue Peter is a British children 's television programme created by John Hunter Blair . The first programme was broadcast on 16 October 1958 , and the series still airs as of 2017 . It is the longest-running children 's television programme in the world , and also one of the longest-running television programmes in the world . Blue Peter currently airs weekly on Thursdays in the United Kingdom on CBBC , a digital television channel . Blue Peter is produced in a magazine format , often transmitting live , and features a combination of studio presentation , interviews and outside broadcasting items . There have been thirty-seven official presenters of Blue Peter .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "List_of_The_Vicar_of_Dibley_episodes", "score": 0.6358716487884521, "text": "The Vicar of Dibley is a British sitcom which premiered on BBC One on 10 November , 1994 . From 1994 to 1998 , two series and two specials had been produced and broadcast . No further series were produced . Following this , a number of specials were broadcast . Over the seasonal period between Christmas 1999 and early 2000 , four specials aired . This collection of specials are often referred to as the third series , however , it was not produced as an official series . Another four specials were aired between 2004/2005 and 2006/2007 . The series ended on 1 January 2007 . This was , however , followed by three short Comic Relief episodes , aired on 16 March 2007 , 15 March 2013 and 13 March 2015 . In all , 20 episodes and six shorter Comic Relief specials have been produced .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Strictly_Come_Dancing:_It_Takes_Two", "score": 0.6353333592414856, "text": "Strictly Come Dancing : It Takes Two , also known as Strictly : It Takes Two or simply It Takes Two , is a British television programme , the companion show to the popular BBC One programme Strictly Come Dancing . It is broadcast on weeknights during the run of the main show on BBC Two at 6:30 pm . Claudia Winkleman originally presented the show , however she left in 2011 and now presents the main show . Since 2011 , Zoë Ball has presented the show . Before 2010 , BBC Two Scotland did not broadcast the show on Thursdays , when locally produced Gaelic language programming aired in the slot instead , though during the 2008 and 2009 series the Thursday night show was carried as an alternative digital stream via BBC Red Button . It Takes Two started to broadcast during the second series of the main show , replacing the companion show to the first series , Strictly Come Dancing : On Three , which had been broadcast on the digital channel BBC Three hosted by Justin Lee Collins .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
116614
21 Jump Street was released June 16, 2012.
[ { "id": "21_Jump_Street_(film)", "score": 0.8006556034088135, "text": "21 Jump Street is a 2012 American action comedy film directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller , written by Michael Bacall starring Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum . An adaptation of the 1987-1991 television series of the same name by Stephen J. Cannell and Patrick Hasburgh , set within the same continuity as the TV series ; the film follows two police officers who are forced to relive high school when they are assigned to go undercover as high school students to prevent the outbreak of a new synthetic drug and arrest its supplier . It was released theatrically on March 16 , 2012 , by Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and grossed $ 201 million . A sequel , titled 22 Jump Street , was released on June 13 , 2014 . Two further films , MIB 23 ( a crossover with the Men in Black franchise ) and a female-led spin-off , are currently in development ." } ]
[ { "id": "22_Jump_Street", "score": 0.7152898907661438, "text": "22 Jump Street is a 2014 American action comedy film directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller , written by Jonah Hill , Michael Bacall , Oren Uziel and Rodney Rothman and produced by and starring Hill and Channing Tatum . It is the sequel to the 2012 film 21 Jump Street , based on the television series of the same name . The film was released on June 13 , 2014 , by Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The film received positive reviews and earned over $ 331 million at the box office . A crossover with Men in Black , MIB 23 , is in development , with Lord and Miller acting as producers , and James Bobin acting as the director . The crossover will replace a 23 Jump Street film .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "List_of_21_Jump_Street_episodes", "score": 0.6803821325302124, "text": "21 Jump Street is an American police procedural crime drama television series that aired on the Fox Network and in first run syndication from April 12 , 1987 , to April 27 , 1991 , with a total of 103 episodes . The series focuses on a squad of youthful-looking undercover police officers investigating crimes in high schools , colleges , and other teenage venues .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "21_Jump_Street", "score": 0.6730157136917114, "text": "21 Jump Street is an American police procedural television series that aired on the Fox network and in first run syndication from April 12 , 1987 , to April 27 , 1991 , with a total of 103 episodes . The series focuses on a squad of youthful-looking undercover police officers investigating crimes in high schools , colleges , and other teenage venues . It was originally going to be titled Jump Street Chapel , after the deconsecrated church building in which the unit has its headquarters , but was changed at Fox 's request so as not to mislead viewers into thinking it was a religious program . Created by Patrick Hasburgh and Stephen J. Cannell , the series was produced by Patrick Hasburgh Productions and Stephen J. Cannell Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television . Executive Producers included Hasburgh , Cannell , Steve Beers and Bill Nuss . The show was an early hit for the fledgling Fox network , and was created to attract a younger audience . The final season aired in first-run syndication mainly on local Fox affiliates . It was later rerun on the FX cable network from 1996 to 1998 . The series provided a spark to Johnny Depp 's nascent acting career , garnering him national recognition as a teen idol . Depp found this status irritating , but he continued on the series under his contract and was paid $ 45,000 per episode . Eventually he was released from his contract after the fourth season . A spin-off series , Booker , was produced for the character of Dennis Booker ( Richard Grieco ) ; it ran one season , from September 1989 to June 1990 . A film adaptation directed by Phil Lord and Chris Miller was released on March 16 , 2012 . The film is set in the same chronology as the series , with Johnny Depp , Holly Robinson and Peter DeLuise reprising their characters in cameo appearances . Richard Grieco and Dustin Nguyen also have cameos in the 2014 film sequel 22 Jump Street .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Jump_Street_(franchise)", "score": 0.6290485858917236, "text": "Jump Street is an American multimedia franchise that commenced in 1987 . The franchise concerns the lives of the Jump Street program , an undercover police unit in which young-looking detectives infiltrate schools and similar settings attended by minors to investigate crimes .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Set_It_Off_(film)", "score": 0.6155098676681519, "text": "Set It Off is a 1996 American crime action film directed by F. Gary Gray and written by Kate Lanier and Takashi Bufford . The film stars Jada Pinkett Smith , Queen Latifah , Vivica A. Fox and Kimberly Elise ( in her theatrical acting debut ) . It follows four close friends in Los Angeles , California , who decide to plan and execute a bank robbery . They decide to do so for different reasons , although all four want better for themselves and their families . The film became a critical and box office success , grossing over $ 41 million against a budget of $ 9 million .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Ocean's_Eight", "score": 0.6149158477783203, "text": "Ocean 's Eight ( stylized as Ocean 's 8 ) is an upcoming American heist comedy film directed by Gary Ross from a script by Ross and co-writer Olivia Milch . It is both a sequel and an all-female spin-off of the Ocean 's Trilogy , and will be released on June 8 , 2018 , by Warner Bros. . Pictures . Principal photography on the film began on October 25 , 2016 , in New York City .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Jonah_Hill", "score": 0.6113524436950684, "text": "Jonah Hill Feldstein ( born December 20 , 1983 ) , better known as Jonah Hill , is an American actor , producer , screenwriter and comedian . Hill is known for his comedic roles in films such as Accepted ( 2006 ) , Grandma 's Boy ( 2006 ) , Superbad ( 2007 ) , Knocked Up ( 2007 ) , Forgetting Sarah Marshall ( 2008 ) , Get Him to the Greek ( 2010 ) , 21 Jump Street ( 2012 ) , This Is the End ( 2013 ) , 22 Jump Street ( 2014 ) and War Dogs ( 2016 ) , as well as his performances in Moneyball ( 2011 ) and The Wolf of Wall Street ( 2013 ) , for which he received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor . Hill ranked 28th on Forbes magazine 's ranking of world 's highest paid actors from June 2014 to June 2015 , bringing in $ 16million . As a screenwriter , he contributed to the stories of 21 Jump Street , 22 Jump Street and Sausage Party ( 2016 ) , all of which he also starred in .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Keanu_(film)", "score": 0.6110773682594299, "text": "Keanu is a 2016 American action comedy film directed by Peter Atencio and written by Jordan Peele and Alex Rubens . The film stars Peele , Keegan-Michael Key , Method Man , Nia Long , and Will Forte . Filming began in New Orleans , Louisiana in June 2015 . The film premiered at the South by Southwest Festival on March 13 , 2016 , and was released theatrically in North America on April 29 , 2016 , receiving generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 20 million against its $ 15 million budget .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Rye_Rye", "score": 0.6059445738792419, "text": "Ryeisha Berrain ( born November 25 , 1990 ) , known by her stage name Rye Rye , is an American rapper , singer , dancer and actress . Signed to N.E.E.T. Recordings , she released her first mixtape RYEot PowRR in 2011 and her anticipated debut album Go ! Pop ! Bang ! on May 15 , 2012 . In early 2009 , MSNBC listed Rye Rye as one of the `` 5Top : Top of the pops ! Up-and coming young singers . '' In 2011 , Rye Rye was named one of Billboard 's `` 21 Under 21 '' . Rye Rye made her acting debut in the 2012 film 21 Jump Street .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Jumper_(2008_film)", "score": 0.6018494367599487, "text": "Jumper is a 2008 American science fiction action film loosely based on the 1992 science fiction novel of the same name written by Steven Gould . The film is directed by Doug Liman and stars Hayden Christensen , Jamie Bell , Rachel Bilson , Max Thieriot , AnnaSophia Robb , Diane Lane , Michael Rooker , and Samuel L. Jackson . The film follows a young man capable of teleporting as he is chased by a secret society intent on killing him . The script went through a rewrite prior to filming and the roles for the main characters were changed during production . Jumper was filmed in 20 cities in 14 countries between 2006-07 . The film was released on February 14 , 2008 and a soundtrack on February 19 . The film held the first position in its opening weekend with $ 27.3 million , but received generally unfavourable reviews from critics , mostly due to the many changes from Gould 's novel , rushed plot and anti-climactic ending .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "So_Undercover", "score": 0.59955233335495, "text": "So Undercover is a 2012 American action-comedy film directed by Tom Vaughan and written by Allan Loeb and Steven Pearl . Starring Miley Cyrus , Jeremy Piven , and Mike O'Malley , the film was released for the first time in the United Arab Emirates on December 6 , 2012 and released direct-to-video in the United States on February 5 , 2013 . The film has been released in theatres of only 13 countries worldwide .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Tramps_(2016_film)", "score": 0.5968291163444519, "text": "Tramps is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Adam Leon . It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . It was released on April 21 , 2017 , by Netflix .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Ocean's_Thirteen", "score": 0.5961189866065979, "text": "Ocean 's Thirteen is a 2007 American comedy heist film directed by Steven Soderbergh and starring an ensemble cast . It is the third and final film in the Soderbergh-directed Ocean 's Trilogy , following the 2004 sequel Ocean 's Twelve and the 2001 film Ocean 's Eleven , which itself was a remake of the 1960 Rat Pack film Ocean 's 11 . All the male cast members reprise their roles from the previous installments , but neither Julia Roberts nor Catherine Zeta-Jones returns . Al Pacino and Ellen Barkin joined the cast as their new targets . Filming began in July 2006 in Las Vegas and Los Angeles , based on a script by Brian Koppelman and David Levien . The film was screened for the Out of Competition presentation at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival . It was released on June 8 , 2007 , in the United States and in several countries in the Middle East on June 6 . It was the 16th highest-grossing film of 2007 .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "A_Time_to_Kill_(1996_film)", "score": 0.5925074815750122, "text": "A Time to Kill is a 1996 American crime drama film adaptation of John Grisham 's 1989 novel of the same name , directed by Joel Schumacher . Sandra Bullock , Samuel L. Jackson , Matthew McConaughey , and Kevin Spacey star , with Oliver Platt , Ashley Judd , Kiefer and Donald Sutherland , and Patrick McGoohan appearing in supporting roles . Set in Canton , Mississippi , the film involves the rape of a young girl , the arrest of the rapists , their subsequent murder by the girl 's father , and the father 's trial for murder . The film was a critical and commercial success , making $ 152 million at the worldwide box office .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "John_Wick:_Chapter_2", "score": 0.5921988487243652, "text": "John Wick : Chapter 2 is a 2017 American neo-noir action thriller film directed by Chad Stahelski and written by Derek Kolstad . The second installment of the John Wick series , the plot follows hitman John Wick , who goes on the run after a bounty is placed on his head . It stars Keanu Reeves , Common , Laurence Fishburne , Riccardo Scamarcio , Ruby Rose , John Leguizamo and Ian McShane , and marks the first collaboration between Reeves and Fishburne since appearing together in The Matrix trilogy . Principal photography began on October 26 , 2015 , in New York City . The film premiered in Los Angeles on January 30 , 2017 , and was theatrically released in the United States on February 10 , 2017 . It received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 166 million worldwide , over four times its $ 40 million budget and nearly twice the $ 88 million gross of the original film .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Brooklyn_Castle", "score": 0.5914134383201599, "text": "Brooklyn Castle ( 2012 ) is a documentary film about Intermediate School 318 , an inner-city public school in Brooklyn , New York . Where an after-school chess program , having both dedicated educators and a supportive community , has triumphed over deep budget cuts to build the most winning junior high school chess team in the country , and the first middle school team to win the United States Chess Federation 's national high school championship . The film follows five of the school 's chess team members for one year , and documents their challenges and triumphs both on and off the chessboard . Remake rights have been acquired by Sony Pictures and producer Scott Rudin . Rudin 's other works include co-producing the acclaimed film Searching for Bobby Fischer ( 1993 ) . Brooklyn Castle premiered at the South by Southwest ( SXSW ) film festival on March 11 , 2012 . Over the next several months it was shown during at least eleven other film festivals winning a total of three festival awards to date . The film was released to a limited number of U.S. theaters on October 19 , 2012 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_animated_feature_films_of_2012", "score": 0.5898981094360352, "text": "A list of animated feature films first released in 2012 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Step_Up_Revolution", "score": 0.5890538692474365, "text": "Step Up Revolution ( also known as Step Up 4 : Miami Heat , and previously titled Step Up 4Ever ) is a 2012 American 3D dance film and the fourth installment in the Step Up film series . It was released on July 27 , 2012 . The film was directed by Scott Speer and stars Ryan Guzman and Kathryn McCormick , the latter from the sixth season of So You Think You Can Dance . The film features choreography by Jamal Sims , Christopher Scott , Chuck Maldonado and Travis Wall . The production design was created by Carlos A. Menendez . Unlike the first three films , produced by Touchstone Pictures and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , this film was produced by Summit Entertainment and Offspring Entertainment without Disney 's involvement and distributed by Lions Gate Entertainment . This is also the first Summit Entertainment film after being acquired by Lionsgate in January 2012 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Jumper_(1991_film)", "score": 0.588438868522644, "text": "Jumper is an American gay pornographic film , starring Ryan Yeager who portrays the titular character . This film was originally released in 1991 by HIS Video , directed by Chi Chi LaRue , and written by Stan Ward ( stage name Stan Mitchell ) . In the film , an angel Jumper is sent to Earth to spend five days seducing the following men in West Hollywood , California in order to influence their lives : an aspiring model , a straight-identified man , a nerd , and a Hollywood producer . During the journey , Jumper uses his angelic powers on a bickering couple to help the pair make up . Jumper is reunited at the end with the man who earlier identified himself as straight , whom Jumper seduced and then has fallen in love with . The film received generally positive reception and awards , including AVN Awards and Grabby Awards .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Shaft_(2000_film)", "score": 0.5882251858711243, "text": "Shaft is a 2000 American action-thriller film written and directed by John Singleton , and starring Samuel L. Jackson , Jeffrey Wright , Christian Bale , Pat Hingle , Toni Collette , Busta Rhymes , Vanessa L. Williams , and Mekhi Phifer . This film is not a remake of the 1971 film of the same name , but rather a sequel , therefore making it the fourth and final installment of the original series , with a reboot announced in February 2015 . Jackson 's John Shaft character is the nephew of the original John Shaft . The film received mainly positive reviews and opened at the number one position at the box office when it debuted June 16 , 2000 .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
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The collections of the Philadelphia Museum of Art contain over 240,000 objects.
[ { "id": "Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art", "score": 0.6865565776824951, "text": "The Philadelphia Museum of Art is an art museum originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia . The main museum building was completed in 1928 on Fairmount , a hill located at the northwest end of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway at Eakins Oval . The museum administers collections containing over 240,000 objects including major holdings of European , American and Asian origin . The various classes of artwork include sculpture , paintings , prints , drawings , photographs , armor and decorative arts . The attendance figure for the museum was 751,797 in 2015 , an increase of 17 % from the prior year , ranking it among the top one hundred most-visited art museums in the world . The museum is also one of the largest art museums in the world based on gallery space . The Philadelphia Museum of Art administers several annexes including the Rodin Museum , also located on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway , and the Ruth and Raymond G. Perelman Building , which is located across the street just north of the main building . The Perelman Building , which opened in 2007 , houses more than 150,000 prints , drawings and photographs , along with 30,000 costume and textile pieces , and over 1,000 modern and contemporary design objects including furniture , ceramics and glasswork . The museum also administers the historic colonial-era houses of Mount Pleasant and Cedar Grove , both located in Fairmount Park . The main museum building and its annexes are owned by the City of Philadelphia and administered by a registered nonprofit corporation . , the standard adult admission price is $ 20 which allows entrance to the main building and all annexes for two consecutive days . The museum is closed on Mondays except on some holidays . A special `` Pay What You Wish '' program is in effect on the first Sunday of each month from 10:00 a.m. -- 5:00 p.m. and every Wednesday evening from 5:00 -- 8:45 p.m. when visitors are requested to '' ... support us with whatever amount you wish . '' Several special exhibitions are held in the museum every year , including touring exhibitions arranged with other museums in the United States and abroad . Special exhibitions may have an extra charge for entrance ." } ]
[ { "id": "Gumberg_Library", "score": 0.6457538604736328, "text": "The Gumberg Library houses the collections at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , and comprises more than a half million print volumes .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "List_of_aircraft_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force", "score": 0.6425063014030457, "text": "The National Museum of the United States Air Force has one of the world 's largest collections with more than 360 aircraft and missiles on display .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Nara_Prefectural_Museum_of_Art", "score": 0.6381334066390991, "text": "opened in Nara , Japan in 1973 . The collection numbers some 4,100 items and special exhibitions are also held .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Asian_Art_Museum_of_San_Francisco", "score": 0.6330987811088562, "text": "The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco houses one of the most comprehensive Asian art collections in the world , with more than 18,000 works of art in its permanent collection , some as much as 6,000 years old .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "List_of_museums_of_Asian_art", "score": 0.6307376027107239, "text": "This is a list of museums with major collections of Asian art . Palace Museum * , Beijing , China 1,800,000 objects National Museum of China * , Beijing , China 1,050,000 objects National Palace Museum * , Taipei , Taiwan 700,000 objects National Museum of Korea , Seoul , South Korea 150,000 objects Victoria & Albert Museum , London , UK 130,000 objects Shanghai Museum * , China 120,000 objects National Museum , Japan 120,000 objects Museum of Fine Arts , Boston , USA ~ 100,000 objects The Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York , USA 60,000 objects American Museum of Natural History , New York , USA 60,000 objects British Museum , London , UK 55,000 + objects Musée du quai Branly , Paris , France . 58,000 objects Musée Guimet , Paris , France ~ 50,000 objects Field Museum , Chicago , USA ~ 50,000 objects Honolulu Museum of Art , Honolulu , USA ~ 40,000 objects Art Institute of Chicago , USA 35,000 objects Freer Gallery of Art / Arthur M. Sackler Gallery , Washington , D.C. , USA 26,500 objects Museum für Asiatische Kunst , Berlin , Germany 20,000 objects Brooklyn Museum , New York , USA ~ 20,000 objects Asian Art Museum , San Francisco , USA 18,000 objects Arthur M. Sackler Museum , Cambridge , MA , USA 16,000 objects Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art , Kansas City , USA 10,450 objects * These museums specialise in only Chinese items ; the collections are not comprehensive for all Asia . Several famous and distinguished collections , including the Cleveland Museum of Art , Field Museum ( Chicago ) , Royal Ontario Museum , Museum of Archaeology at the University of Pennsylvania , Los Angeles County Museum , Minneapolis Institute of Art , and the Seattle Asian Art Museum do not provide adequate numerical information for their significant collections . This list , therefore , is only provisional . Some collecting institutions combine their ethnographic , cultural , and artistic materials together in their total holdings . Such is the case of the British Museum , for example . It would be nearly impossible to distinguish between these types of objects ( e.g. `` fine arts '' ) in developing a quantitative , as opposed to qualitative , ranking of this kind .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_artists_in_the_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art_handbook_of_the_collections", "score": 0.6307279467582703, "text": "The List of artists in the Philadelphia Museum of Art handbook of the collections is a list of the artists indexed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art museum guide . The guide , with an introduction by Anne D'Harnencourt , was produced as a 25th anniversary gift by the Museum Associates in 1995 . The museum 's collections are spread throughout several locations in Fairmount Park in addition to The Rodin museum and the Neo-classical building at the end of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway . The entire collection houses over 70,000 objects , thousands of which are on view at any given time . The museum guide has been designed to highlight seven major sections . In the following list , the artist 's name is followed by the location of one of their works and its page number in the guide . For artists with more than one work in the collection , or for works by artists not listed here , see the Philadelphia Museum of Art website or the corresponding Wikimedia Commons category . Of artists listed , only 9 are women . For the complete list of artists and their artworks in the collection , see the website . Alvar Aalto , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 156 Robert Adam ( 1728 -- 1792 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 143 Ansel Adams , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 247 Adriano Fiorentino ( ca. 1455 -- 1499 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 116 Thomas Affleck , American Art : page 260 Washington Allston ( 1779 -- 1843 ) , American Art : page 268 Lawrence Alma-Tadema ( 1836 -- 1912 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 199 Joseph Anthony Jr. , American Art : page 266 Alexander Porfyrovych Archipenko ( 1887-1964 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 311 Charles Aubry , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 225 Joseph B. Barry , American Art : page 275 Pompeo Batoni ( 1708 -- 1787 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 182 , 221 Max Beckmann ( 1884 -- 1950 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 240 Benedetto di Bindo , European Painting and Sculpture : page 162 Benjamin Bergey , American Art : page 273 Christoffel van den Berghe ( 1590 -- 1638 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 173 Antoine Berjon ( 1754 -- 1843 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 186 John Bieber , American Art : page 264 William Blake ( 1757 -- 1827 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 223 Bill Blass , Costume and Textiles : page 101 David Bomberg ( 1890 -- 1957 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 235 Gerard ter Borch ( 1617 -- 1681 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 177 Michael Botta , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 131 Dieric Bouts ( 1415 -- 1475 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 166 Constantin Brancusi , Twentieth-century Art : page 314 , 320 Jean Brandely , American Art : page 274 Georges Braque ( 1882 -- 1963 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 237 Bronzino ( 1503 -- 1572 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 170 Edward Burne-Jones ( 1833 -- 1898 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 227 Giuseppe Cades ( 1750 -- 1799 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 222 Alexander Calder ( 1898 -- 1976 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 337 Julia Margaret Cameron , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 228 Arthur B. Carles ( 1882 -- 1952 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 319 Martin Carlin ( ca. 1730 -- 1785 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 147 Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux ( 1827 -- 1875 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 190 Mary Cassatt ( 1844 -- 1926 ) , American Art : page 289 Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione ( 1609 -- 1664 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 218 Paul Cézanne ( 1839 -- 1906 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 208 , 211 , 230 Marc Chagall ( 1887 -- 1985 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 306 Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin ( 1699 -- 1779 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 180 Eduard Charlemont , European Painting and Sculpture : page 198 Simon Chaudron , American Art : page 271 Thomas Chippendale , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 139 Giorgio de Chirico ( 1888 -- 1978 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 309 Giovanni Battista Cipriani , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 143 Francesco Clemente ( b. 1952 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 338 Joos van Cleve ( 1485 -- 1541 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 170 Clodion ( 1738 -- 1814 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 144 Chuck Close ( b1940 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 342 Charles-Nicolas Cochin ( 1688 -- 1754 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 221 Comans-La Planche manufactory , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 130 John Constable ( 1776 -- 1837 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 187 Samuel Cooper ( 1609 -- 1672 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 178 Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert ( 1522 -- 1590 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 128 Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot ( 1796 -- 1875 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 188 Gustave Courbet ( 1819 -- 1877 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 192 Charles-Antoine Coypel ( 1694 -- 1752 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 145 Noël-Nicolas Coypel ( 1690 -- 1734 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 179 Carlo Crivelli ( 1430/35 -- 1495 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 166 Salvador Dalí ( 1904 -- 1989 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 323 Gerard David ( 1460 -- 1523 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 165 Thomas J. Davies ( active 1862 -- 70 ) , American Art : page 285 Edgar Degas ( 1834 -- 1917 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 195 , 204 , 231 Willem de Kooning ( 1904 -- 1997 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 326 Eugène Delacroix ( 1798 -- 1863 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 190 Charles Demuth ( 1883 -- 1935 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 239 Dentzel Carousel Co. , American Art : page 296 Derby porcelain , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 141 Jules Desfossé , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 152 Desiderio da Settignano ( 1428 -- 1464 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 115 Mark di Suvero , Twentieth-century Art : page 336 Christian Dorflinger ( 1828 -- 1915 ) , American Art : page 287 Brothers Dosso ( 1469 -- 1542 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 171 Marcel Duchamp ( 1887 -- 1968 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 307 , 316 , 317 Raymond Duchamp-Villon , Twentieth-century Art : page 314 Raoul Dufy ( 1877 -- 1953 ) , Costume and Textiles : page 99 Thomas Eakins ( 1844 -- 1916 ) , American Art : page 228 , 285 , 287 , 292 Wharton Esherick , American Art : page 298 Frederick H. Evans , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 233 Jan van Eyck ( 1370 -- 1441 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 164 Jean-Jacques Feuchère , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 154 Jacobus Fiamengo , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 128 Alexander Fisher ( painter ) ( 1864 -- 1936 ) , Costume and Textiles : page 95 John Flaxman ( 1755 -- 1826 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 148 Jean Jacques Flipart ( 1724 -- 1793 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 221 Orazio Fontana , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 122 Manuel Joachim de Franca ( 1808 -- 1865 ) , American Art : page 274 P.H. Emile Froment-Meurice , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 154 Frank Furness , American Art : page 284 Thomas Gainsborough ( 1727 -- 1788 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 183 Émile Gallé , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 155 Paul Gauguin ( 1848 -- 1903 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 208 Jacques-Fabien Gautier-Dagoty ( 1716 -- 1785 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 219 François-Thomas Germain ( 1726 -- 1791 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 141 Giorgio Ghisi ( 1520 -- 1582 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 217 Teodoro Ghisi , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 217 Giovanni di Paolo ( 1403 -- 1482 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 164 François Girardon ( 1628 -- 1715 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 136 Girolamo da Treviso the Younger ( ca. 1497 -- 1544 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 121 Gobelins Manufactory , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 145 Vincent van Gogh ( 1853 -- 1890 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 203 , 207 Hendrik Goltzius ( 1558 -- 1617 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 172 , 218 Sidney Goodman , Twentieth-century Art : page 339 Pierre Gouthière ( 1732 -- 1813 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 146 Juan Gris ( 1887 -- 1927 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 313 Benjamin Harbeson , American Art : page 259 Marsden Hartley ( 1877 -- 1943 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 311 Maarten van Heemskerck ( 1498 -- 1574 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 128 Lorenz Helmschmid , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 119 Herculaneum pottery , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 150 Albert Herter ( 1871 -- 1950 ) , American Art : page 288 Eva Hesse , Twentieth-century Art : page 335 John Hewson ( artist ) ( 1744 -- 1821 ) , Costume and Textiles : page 86 Edward Hicks ( 1780 -- 1849 ) , American Art : page 281 Peter Holl III , American Art : page 265 Josef Hoffmann , Special Collections : page 464 Winslow Homer ( 1836 -- 1910 ) , American Art : page 291 Hon ` ami Koetsu , Asian art : page 43 , 44 Hsia Ch ` ang , Asian art : page 29 Xu Wei , Asian art : page 31 Christian Huber , American Art : page 265 Richard Humphreys ( philanthropist ) ( 1750 -- 1832 ) , American Art : page 262 Huonekalu-ja Rakennustyötehdas Oy , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 156 Ike no Taiga , Asian art : page 46 Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ( 1780 -- 1867 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 185 George Washington Jack , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 151 François-Honoré-Georges Jacob-Desmalter ( 1770 -- 1841 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 149 Georges Jacob ( 1739 -- 1814 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 149 Jacob-Desmalter , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 149 Jean de Court ( 1555 -- 1585 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 126 Jasper Johns ( b1930 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 250 , 335 Thomas Johnson ( designer ) ( 1714 -- 1778 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 140 Johann Joachim Kändler , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 137 Wassily Kandinsky ( 1866 -- 1944 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 312 Eliza M. Kandle , Costume and Textiles : page 90 Kano Hogai , Asian art : page 47 Kitagawa Utamaro , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 225 Paul Klee ( 1879 -- 1940 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 245 , 321 Yves Klein , Twentieth-century Art : page 332 Franz Kline ( 1910 -- 1962 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 333 Knoll International , American Art : page 300 Gaston Lachaise ( 1882 -- 1935 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 309 John La Farge ( 1835 -- 1910 ) , American Art : page 297 Paul de Lamerie , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 139 Sir Edwin Henry Landseer ( 1802 -- 1873 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 188 Benjamin Henry Latrobe , American Art : page 269 Hippolyte Le Bas , Costume and Textiles : page 90 Fernand Léger ( 1881 -- 1955 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 315 Charles Le Roux , American Art : page 256 Karl Friedrich Lessing ( 1808 -- 1880 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 186 Sol LeWitt , Twentieth-century Art : page 343 Lucas van Leyden ( 1494 -- 1533 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 216 Liberty & Co. , Costume and Textiles : page 96 Josse Lieferinxe ( 1493 -- 1508 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 169 Jacques Lipchitz ( 1891 -- 1973 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 330 El Lissitzky , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 240 Richard Long ( artist ) ( b. 1945 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 251 José Delores Lopez , American Art : page 299 Pietro Lorenzetti ( 1280 -- 1348 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 162 Filippe Maecht , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 130 Man Ray ( 1890 -- 1976 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 241 Édouard Manet ( 1832 -- 1883 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 193 , 194 Marcello ( Duchesse de Castiglione-Colonna ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 194 John Marin ( 1870 -- 1953 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 235 Masaccio ( 1401 -- 1428 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 163 Masolino da Panicale ( 1383 -- 1447 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 163 Alice Trumbull Mason , Twentieth-century Art : page 326 Henri Matisse ( 1869 -- 1954 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 310 , 325 Anton Mauve ( 1838 -- 1888 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 201 Meissen porcelain , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 137 Memphis Group , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 157 Ray K. Metzker , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 248 Clodion ( 1738 -- 1814 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 144 Sigisbert Michel , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 148 Jean-François Millet ( 1814 -- 1875 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 197 Mintons Ltd. , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 153 Joan Miró ( 1893 -- 1983 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 244 , 321 Issey Miyake , Costume and Textiles : page 102 Amedeo Modigliani ( 1884 -- 1920 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 319 Piet Mondrian ( 1872 -- 1944 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 317 Claude Monet ( 1840 -- 1926 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 196 , 209 Thomas Moran ( 1837 -- 1926 ) , American Art : page 290 James Morisset , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 146 Morris & Co. , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 151 Robert Motherwell ( 1915 -- 1991 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 247 Edouard Muller ( painter ) ( 1823 -- 1876 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 152 Munakata Shiko , Asian art : page 47 Elizabeth Murray ( artist ) ( 1940 -- 2007 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 341 Jacques Neilson , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 145 Violet Oakley , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 238 Ōgi Rodō ( 1863 -- 1941 ) , Asian art : page 48 Ohio Valley China Co. , American Art : page 291 Georgia O'Keeffe ( 1887 -- 1986 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 329 Claes Oldenburg , Twentieth-century Art : page 338 Orosius master , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 216 Daniel Pabst , American Art : page 284 Elie Pacot , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 135 Maxfield Parrish , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 232 Joachim Patinir ( 1480 -- 1524 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 168 Charles Willson Peale ( 1741 -- 1827 ) , American Art : page 261 , 267 Anton Peffenhauser , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 126 Joseph Perfetti , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 143 Pablo Picasso ( 1881 -- 1973 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 236 , 245 , 306 , 308 , 318 Horace Pippin ( 1888 -- 1946 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 329 Giovanni Battista Piranesi ( 1720 -- 1778 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 220 Camille Pissarro ( 1830 -- 1903 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 203 Paul Poiret , Costume and Textiles : page 97 Jackson Pollock ( 1912 -- 1956 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 327 Paulus Potter ( 1625 -- 1654 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 176 Nicolas Poussin ( 1594 -- 1665 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 175 Michael Powolny , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 155 Martin Puryear , Twentieth-century Art : page 340 Pierre-Cécile Puvis De Chavannes ( 1824 -- 1898 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 191 Robert Rauschenberg ( 1925 -- 2008 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 334 Osmon Reed , American Art : page 280 Pierre-Auguste Renoir ( 1841 -- 1919 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 196 , 200 Joshua Reynolds ( 1723 -- 1792 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 184 Faith Ringgold , Costume and Textiles : page 103 Diego Rivera ( 1886 -- 1957 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 242 , 322 Francesco Maria Rivolta , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 137 Luca della Robbia , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 113 Howard Roberts , American Art : page 286 Auguste Rodin ( 1840 -- 1917 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 199 , 201 , 210 Rookwood pottery , American Art : page 294 Helen Rose , Costume and Textiles : page 100 James Rosenquist ( b1933 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 332 Georges Rouault ( 1871 -- 1958 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 323 Henri Rousseau ( 1844 -- 1910 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 202 Peter Paul Rubens ( 1577 -- 1640 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 130 , 174 William Rush , American Art : page 276 Santiago Rusinol , European Painting and Sculpture : page 205 Pieter Jansz Saenredam ( 1597 -- 1665 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 173 Augustus Saint-Gaudens ( 1848 -- 1907 ) , American Art : page 293 Roberto Sambonet , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 156 John Singer Sargent ( 1856 -- 1925 ) , American Art : page 289 Rebecca Scattergood Savery , Costume and Textiles : page 91 Savonnerie manufactory , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 134 Elsa Schiaparelli , Costume and Textiles : page 98 Emilio Schuberth , Costume and Textiles : page 101 Georges Seurat ( 1859 -- 1891 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 229 Sèvres porcelain , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 142 Ben Shahn ( 1898 -- 1969 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 328 Charles Sheeler ( 1883 -- 1965 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 243 , 324 Kataro Shirayamadani , American Art : page 294 William Sinclair ( furniture maker ) , American Art : page 270 Olaf Skoogfors , American Art : page 299 John French Sloan ( 1871 -- 1951 ) , American Art : page 233 , 294 Frans Snyders ( 1579 -- 1657 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 174 Marc-Louis-Emmanuel Solon , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 153 Ettore Sottsass Jr. , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 157 Rudolf Staffel , American Art : page 300 Jan Steen ( 1626 -- 1679 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 178 Alfred Stieglitz ( 1864 -- 1946 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 234 , 242 Paul Strand ( 1890 -- 1976 ) , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 238 George Stubbs ( 1724 -- 1806 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 181 Philip Syng Jr. , American Art : page 262 Henry Ossawa Tanner ( 1859 -- 1937 ) , American Art : page 295 Hans Taye , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 130 Thonet Brothers ( 1796 -- 1871 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 153 Bertel Thorvaldsen ( 1770 -- 1844 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 148 Dox Thrash , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 246 Ellen Powell Tiberino , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 249 Giovanni Battista Tiepolo ( 1696 -- 1770 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 182 Louis Comfort Tiffany ( 1848 -- 1933 ) , American Art : page 296 Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co. , American Art : page 296 Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 224 Shomei Tomatsu , Prints , Drawings , and Photographs : page 249 Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec ( 1864 -- 1901 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 206 William Ellis Tucker , American Art : page 277 Tucker porcelain , American Art : page 277 J. M. W. Turner ( 1775 -- 1851 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 189 Cy Twombly ( 1928 -- 2011 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 340 Robert Venturi , American Art : page 300 Scott Brown Venturi , American Art : page 300 Claude Joseph Vernet ( 1714 -- 1789 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 180 Édouard Vuillard ( 1868 -- 1940 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 205 , 230 Josiah Wedgwood , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 148 Robert Wellford , American Art : page 266 Adolf Ulrik Wertmüller , American Art : page 269 Benjamin West ( 1738 -- 1820 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 184 Rogier van der Weyden ( 1400 -- 1464 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 167 James Abbott McNeill Whistler ( 1834 -- 1903 ) , American Art : page 283 David Wiand , Costume and Textiles : page 93 Wiener Keramik , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 155 Charles Frederick Worth , Costume and Textiles : page 94 Andrew Wyeth ( 1917 -- 2009 ) , Twentieth-century Art : page 331 Juan Ximenez , European Painting and Sculpture : page 168 Yi Am , Asian art : page 36 Claire Zeisler , American Art : page 301 Antonio Zucchi ( 1726 -- 1796 ) , European decorative arts and Arms & Armour : page 143 Francisco de Zurbarán ( 1598 -- 1664 ) , European Painting and Sculpture : page 176", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Bibliography_of_Philadelphia", "score": 0.6241398453712463, "text": "The following is a list of works about Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Rodin_Museum", "score": 0.6229055523872375, "text": "The Rodin Museum is an art museum located in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , that contains the largest collection of sculptor Auguste Rodin 's works outside Paris . Opened in 1929 , the museum is administered by the Philadelphia Museum of Art . In 2012 , the museum re-opened after a three-year , $ 9 million renovation that brought the museum back to its original vision of displaying Rodin 's works .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts", "score": 0.6167978048324585, "text": "The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts is a museum and art school in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It was founded in 1805 and is the first and oldest art museum and art school in the United States . The academy 's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th - and 20th-century American paintings , sculptures , and works on paper . Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history , museums , and art training .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "List_of_museums_in_Rome", "score": 0.6105288863182068, "text": "Rome contains vast quantities of priceless art , sculpture and treasures , which are mainly stored in its many museums . These are set out in alphabetical order :", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Birmingham_Museum_of_Art", "score": 0.6094826459884644, "text": "Founded in 1951 , the Birmingham Museum of Art in Birmingham , Alabama , today has one of the finest collections in the Southeastern United States , with more than 24,000 paintings , sculptures , prints , drawings , and decorative arts representing a numerous diverse cultures , including Asian , European , American , African , Pre-Columbian , and Native American . Among other highlights , the Museum 's collection of Asian art is considered the finest and most comprehensive in the Southeast , and its Vietnamese ceramics one of the finest in the U.S. . The Museum also is home to a remarkable Kress Collection of Renaissance and Baroque paintings , sculpture , and decorative arts from the late 13th century to c. 1750 , and the 18th-century European decorative arts include superior examples of English ceramics and French furniture . The Birmingham Museum of Art is owned by the City of Birmingham and encompasses 3.9 acre in the heart of the city 's cultural district . Erected in 1959 , the present building was designed by architects Warren , Knight and Davis , and a major renovation and expansion by Edward Larrabee Barnes of New York was completed in 1993 . The facility encompasses 180000 sqft , including an outdoor sculpture garden .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "List_of_museums_of_ancient_Near_Eastern_art", "score": 0.6094366312026978, "text": "This is a list of museums with major art collections from the Ancient Near East . British Museum , London , UK . 290,000 objects . Vorderasiatisches Museum , Berlin , Germany . 250,000 objects . National Museum of Iraq , Baghdad , Iraq .170,000 objects . Musée du Louvre , Paris , France . 100,000 objects . Oriental Institute , Chicago , USA . 20,000 objects Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York , USA . 7,000 objects Istanbul Archaeology Museum , Istanbul , Turkey . University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology , Pennsylvania , USA . Rijksmuseum van Oudheden , Leiden , The Netherlands . Israel Museum , Jerusalem , Israel . Eretz Israel Museum , Tel Aviv , Israel . Hecht Museum , Haifa , Israel . Bible Lands Museum , Jerusalem , Israel . Semitic Museum , Cambridge , MA , USA .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "List_of_museums_of_Greek_and_Roman_antiquities", "score": 0.6062688231468201, "text": "This is a list of museums with major collections of Greek and Roman antiquities . Naples Archaeological Museum , Naples , Italy 130,000 objects State Hermitage , St Petersburg , Russia 106,000 objects ( Misleading collection , includes many objects from ancient settlements on the Northern Black Sea coast ) British Museum , London , UK 100,000 objects National Archaeological Museum , Athens , Greece 100,000 objects Antikensammlung Berlin , ( Held at the Altes Museum and Pergamon Museum ) , Berlin , Germany 60,000 objects Istanbul Archaeology Museum , Istanbul , Turkey 53,000 objects ( Misleading Collection . Total collection size : 1 million objects of which 800,000 coins , 75,000 books , 75,000 Ancient Neat East cuneiform tablets , 2000 enamels and various Ancient Near Eastern objects ) Musée du Louvre , Paris , France 45,000 objects Getty Villa , Malibu , USA 44,000 objects Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York , USA 35,000 objects University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology , Pennsylvania , USA 30,000 objects Museum of Fine Arts , Boston , USA 18,000 objects ( Misleading collection , includes Nubian and Ancient Near East collections )", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Houston", "score": 0.6061553955078125, "text": "The Museum of Fine Arts , Houston ( MFAH ) , located in the Houston Museum District , Houston , is one of the largest museums in the United States . The permanent collection of the museum spans more than 6,000 years of history with approximately 64,000 works from six continents . The museum benefits the Houston community through programs , publications and media presentations . Each year , 1.25 million people benefit from museum 's programs , workshops and resource centers . Of that total , more than 500,000 people participate in the community outreach programs .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "24th_century_BC", "score": 0.6040154099464417, "text": "The 24th century BC was a century which lasted from the year 2400 BC to 2301 BC .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "List_of_museums_of_Egyptian_antiquities", "score": 0.603285014629364, "text": "The following is a list of museums with major collections of Egyptian antiquities :", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Department_of_Egyptian_Antiquities_of_the_Louvre", "score": 0.6029317378997803, "text": "The Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre of Paris , comprising over 50,000 pieces , includes artifacts from the Nile civilizations which date from 4,000 BC to the 4th century . The collection , among the world 's largest , overviews Egyptian life spanning Ancient Egypt , the Middle Kingdom , the New Kingdom , Coptic art , and the Roman , Ptolemaic , and Byzantine periods .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Bryan_Museum", "score": 0.6028183102607727, "text": "Opened in 2015 , The Bryan Museum , located in the historic Galveston Orphans Home in Galveston , Texas , US , houses The Bryan Collection , one of the world 's largest collections of historical artifacts , documents , and artwork relating to Texas and the American West . Assembled by J.P. and Mary Jon Bryan , the collection spans more than 12,000 years , with pieces ranging from ancient Native American cultural artifacts to modern twenty-first century objects . With approximately 70,000 items in total , the collection includes 20,000 rare books ; more than 30,000 documents in Spanish , German , French , and English ; three dozen saddles ; over 250 antique firearms ; several hundred spurs ; a large collection of fine art , religious art , folk art , and portraits ; exceedingly rare maps and artifacts , such as `` cowboy '' chaps ; Native American stone tools and arrowheads ; and a Spanish mission bell . The Bryan Museum presents a chronological history of Texas and the American West with a special emphasis on the Spanish influences in the region . In addition to its permanent galleries , the Museum also includes space for rotating special exhibits , a library , and an archive .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Cultural_depictions_of_Philadelphia", "score": 0.6024925112724304, "text": "Cultural depictions of the city of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania range from depictions of major historical events to the city being used as a minor backdrop .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "British_Museum_Department_of_the_Middle_East", "score": 0.6016169190406799, "text": "The Department of the Middle East , numbering some 330,000 works , forms a significant part of the collections of the British Museum , and the world 's largest collection of Mesopotamian antiquities outside Iraq . The collections represent the civilisations of the ancient Near East and its adjacent areas . These cover Mesopotamia , Persia , the Arabian Peninsula , Anatolia , the Caucasus , parts of Central Asia , Syria , the Holy Land and Phoenician settlements in the western Mediterranean from the prehistoric period and include objects from the beginning of Islam in the 7th century . A collection of immense importance , the holdings of Assyrian , Babylonian and Sumerian antiquities are among the most comprehensive in the world with entire suites of rooms panelled in alabaster bas-reliefs from Assyrian palaces at Nimrud , Nineveh and Khorsabad . Only the Middle East collections of the Louvre and the Pergamon Museum rival it in the range and quality of artefacts .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
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Dustin Hoffman is an award-winning actor.
[ { "id": "Dustin_Hoffman", "score": 0.8344280123710632, "text": "Dustin Lee Hoffman ( born August 8 , 1937 ) is an American actor and a director , with a career in film , television , and theatre since 1960 . Hoffman has been known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable characters . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1980 for Kramer vs. Kramer , and in 1989 for Rain Man . Widely considered one of the finest actors in history , Hoffman first drew critical praise for starring in the play , Eh ? , for which he won a Theatre World Award and a Drama Desk Award . This achievement was soon followed by his breakthrough 1967 film role as Benjamin Braddock , the title character in The Graduate . Since that time , Hoffman 's career has largely been focused on the cinema , with sporadic returns to television and to the stage . Hoffman 's notable films include : Midnight Cowboy , Little Big Man , Straw Dogs , Papillon , Lenny , Marathon Man , All the President 's Men , Kramer vs. Kramer , Tootsie , Rain Man , Hook , and Wag the Dog . He made his directorial debut in 2012 , with Quartet . Along with 2 Academy Award wins , Hoffman has been nominated for 5 additional Academy Awards , and he was nominated for 13 Golden Globes , winning 6 ( including an honorary award ) . He has won 4 BAFTAs , 3 Drama Desk Awards , 2 Emmy Awards , and a Genie Award . Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999 , and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012 ." } ]
[ { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Philip_Seymour_Hoffman", "score": 0.7088602781295776, "text": "American actor Philip Seymour Hoffman ( July 23 , 1967February 2 , 2014 ) received many awards and nominations throughout his career .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Philip_Seymour_Hoffman", "score": 0.6847927570343018, "text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman ( July 23 , 1967 -- February 2 , 2014 ) was an American actor , director , and producer of film and theater . Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles -- typically lowlifes , bullies , and misfits -- Hoffman made many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46 . Drawn to theater as a teenager , Hoffman studied acting at New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts . He began his screen career in a 1991 episode of Law & Order and started to appear in films in 1992 . He gained recognition for his supporting work , notably in Boogie Nights ( 1997 ) , Happiness ( 1998 ) , Patch Adams ( 1998 ) , The Big Lebowski ( 1998 ) , Magnolia ( 1999 ) , The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , Almost Famous ( 2000 ) , Punch-Drunk Love ( 2002 ) , and Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) . He began to occasionally play leading roles , and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in Capote ( 2005 ) , won multiple accolades including the Academy Award for Best Actor . Hoffman 's profile continued to grow , and he received three more Oscar nominations for his supporting work as a brutally frank CIA officer in Charlie Wilson 's War ( 2007 ) , a priest accused of pedophilia in Doubt ( 2008 ) , and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in The Master ( 2012 ) . While he mainly worked in independent films , including The Savages ( 2007 ) and Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) , Hoffman also appeared in Hollywood blockbusters , such as Twister ( 1996 ) and Mission : Impossible III ( 2006 ) , and in one of his final roles , as Plutarch Heavensbee in the Hunger Games series ( 2013 -- 15 ) . The feature Jack Goes Boating ( 2010 ) marked his debut as a filmmaker . Hoffman was also an accomplished theater actor and director . He joined the off-Broadway LAByrinth Theater Company in 1995 , where he directed , produced , and appeared in numerous stage productions . His performances in three Broadway plays -- True West ( 2000 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 2003 ) , and Death of a Salesman ( 2012 ) -- all led to Tony Award nominations . Hoffman struggled with drug addiction as a young adult , and relapsed in 2013 after many years of sobriety . In February 2014 , he was found dead with a syringe of heroin still in his arm , but the official cause of death was combined drug intoxication -- an unexpected event that was widely lamented in the film and theater industries . Remembered for his fearlessness in playing reprehensible characters , and for bringing depth and humanity to such roles , Hoffman was described in his New York Times obituary as `` perhaps the most ambitious and widely admired American actor of his generation '' .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Michael_Keaton", "score": 0.6748393177986145, "text": "American actor Michael Keaton has been honored with numerous awards and nominations for his work in film and television .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "John_Robert_Hoffman", "score": 0.6644272804260254, "text": "John Robert Hoffman , most often known simply as John Hoffman , is an American actor , screenwriter , director and producer . In addition to acting in films , television , and theater , he has written screenplays , including Indianapolis , Queen of the Jews , aka Queen Bess , and The Last of Sheila . Hoffman made his theatrical film debut as both writer and director , with the MGM / Jim Henson Pictures film Good Boy ! ( 2003 ) ; the film opened at # 3 at the U.S. box office and grossed over $ 37 million on an $ 18 million budget . He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award as part of the writing team for the 81st Academy Awards ( 2009 ) . Hoffman is also a contributing writer and executive producer for both Looking ( 2015 -- ) and Grace and Frankie ( 2016 -- ) . As an actor , Hoffman is best recognized as the Mad Hatter in Adventures in Wonderland ( 1992 -- 1995 ) .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Alfredo,_Alfredo", "score": 0.6615779399871826, "text": "Alfredo , Alfredo is a 1972 Italian language award winning comedy film directed by Pietro Germi . The film , told mostly in flashback , tells the story of a timid bank clerk ( Hoffman ) who finds himself swept into dating and marrying a possessive woman ( Sandrelli ) , the stress he endures as her behavior in their marriage becomes increasingly domineering , and the obstacles he faces in leaving her for another more amenable woman ( Gravina ) , in the times when divorce was still illegal in Italy . Dustin Hoffman is dubbed into Italian by Ferruccio Amendola . Completely shot in Ascoli Piceno , Italy .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Curb_Your_Enthusiasm", "score": 0.64630126953125, "text": "Curb Your Enthusiasm has won many awards .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Best_Actor", "score": 0.6415404677391052, "text": "Best Actor is the name of an award which is presented by various film , television and theatre organizations , festivals , and people 's awards to leading actors in a film , television series , television film or play . The first Best Actor award was awarded for acting in a film , on May 16 , 1929 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) at the Academy Awards to Emil Jannings for his role of Grand Duke Sergius Alexander in The Last Command and August Schilling in The Way of All Flesh . In theatre , it was first awarded on April 6 , 1947 by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at the Tony Awards to José Ferrer for his role of Cyrano de Bergerac in Cyrano de Bergerac and to Fredric March for his role of Clinton Jones in Years Ago . In television , it was first awarded on January 23 , 1951 by Academy of Television Arts & Sciences at the Primetime Emmy Awards to Alan Young for his role of himself in The Alan Young Show . In a film festival , presented as the Volpi Cup , it was first awarded between August 1 -- 20 , 1934 by the Venice Film Festival to Wallace Beery for his role of Pancho Villa in Viva Villa !", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Who_Is_Harry_Kellerman_and_Why_Is_He_Saying_Those_Terrible_Things_About_Me?", "score": 0.6358094215393066, "text": "Who Is Harry Kellerman and Why Is He Saying Those Terrible Things About Me ? is a 1971 American comedy-drama film directed by Ulu Grosbard and starring Dustin Hoffman . It portrays a single day in the life of Georgie Soloway , played by Hoffman . Its narrative is stream of consciousness filled with both comedy and drama .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "William_Daniels", "score": 0.6348334550857544, "text": "William David Daniels ( born March 31 , 1927 ) is an American actor and former president of the Screen Actors Guild ( 1999 to 2001 ) . He is known for his performance as Dustin Hoffman 's character 's father in The Graduate ( 1967 ) , as Howard in Two for the Road , as John Adams in 1776 , as Carter Nash in Captain Nice , as Mr. George Feeny in ABC 's Boy Meets World and its sequel , Disney Channel 's Girl Meets World , as the voice of KITT in Knight Rider , and as Dr. Mark Craig in St. Elsewhere , for which he won two Emmy Awards .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Sterling_Hayden_filmography", "score": 0.6346141695976257, "text": "Sterling Hayden was an American actor .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Jews_and_Baseball:_An_American_Love_Story", "score": 0.6334646940231323, "text": "Jews and Baseball : An American Love Story is a 2010 American documentary film narrated by Academy Award winner Dustin Hoffman , written by Pulitzer Prize winner Ira Berkow , and directed by award-winning documentary filmmaker Peter Miller . It is about the connection and history between American Jews and baseball . Kenneth Turan of The Los Angeles Times , wrote that the `` warm and enthusiastic '' film `` not only lives up to its title ... but also delivers a bit extra as well . '' The documentary received the Best Editing Award at the Breckenridge Film Festival for Editor Amy Linton , the Audience Choice Award at the 2011 Greater Phoenix Jewish Film Festival , and the Audience Choice Award for Best Feature Documentary at the 2011 Seattle Jewish Film Festival .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Silver_Bear_for_Best_Actor", "score": 0.633303165435791, "text": "The Silver Bear for Best Actor is the Berlin International Film Festival 's award for achievement in performance by an actor .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Gus_Hoffman", "score": 0.6313720941543579, "text": "Gus Hoffman , born Augustus Paul Hoffman , is an actor . He is perhaps best known for his roles as Warren on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody , as Goggles in the movie Rebound and Johnny Nightingale on Lincoln Heights . from seasons 1-4", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor", "score": 0.6310626864433289, "text": "The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) . It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry . The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh . Currently , nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS ; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy . In the first three years of the awards , actors were nominated as the best in their categories . At that time , all of their work during the qualifying period ( as many as three films , in some cases ) was listed after the award . However , during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930 , only one of those films was cited in each winner 's final award , even though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots . The following year , this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a specific performance in a single film . Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937 , the category was officially limited to five nominations per year . Since its inception , the award has been given to 79 actors . Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars . Spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions , more than any other actor . As of the 2017 ceremony , Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in this category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Rain_Man", "score": 0.6310034990310669, "text": "Rain Man is a 1988 American road comedy-drama film directed by Barry Levinson and written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass . It tells the story of an abrasive and selfish young wheeler-dealer , Charlie Babbitt ( Tom Cruise ) , who discovers that his estranged father has died and bequeathed all of his multimillion-dollar estate to his other son , Raymond ( Dustin Hoffman ) , an autistic savant , of whose existence Charlie was unaware . Charlie is left with only his father 's car and collection of rose bushes . In addition to the two leads , Valeria Golino stars as Charlie 's girlfriend , Susanna . Morrow created the character of Raymond after meeting Kim Peek , a real-life savant ; his characterization was based on both Peek and Bill Sackter , a good friend of Morrow who was the subject of Bill , an earlier film that Morrow wrote . Rain Man received overwhelmingly positive reviews , praising Hoffman 's role and the wit and sophistication of the screenplay , and was the highest-grossing film of 1988 . The film won four Oscars at the 61st Academy Awards ( March 1989 ) , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Director , and Best Actor in a Leading Role for Hoffman . Its crew received an additional four nominations . The film also won the Golden Bear at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "The_Graduate", "score": 0.6302334070205688, "text": "The Graduate is a 1967 American comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols and written by Calder Willingham and Buck Henry , based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Charles Webb , who wrote it shortly after graduating from Williams College . The film tells the story of 21-year-old Benjamin Braddock ( Dustin Hoffman ) , a recent college graduate with no well-defined aim in life , who is seduced by an older woman , Mrs. Robinson ( Anne Bancroft ) , then falls in love with her daughter Elaine ( Katharine Ross ) . The film was released on December 22 , 1967 , received positive reviews and grossed $ 104.9 million . With the figures adjusted for inflation the film 's gross is $ , making it the 22nd highest-ever grossing film in North America . In 1996 , The Graduate was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' Initially , the film was placed at number 7 on AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list in 1998 . When AFI revised the list in 2007 , the film was moved to number 17 . The Graduate won the Academy Award for Best Director for Nichols and was nominated in six other categories , making it the last film so far to win Best Director and nothing else .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Midnight_Cowboy", "score": 0.6296305656433105, "text": "Midnight Cowboy is a 1969 American drama film based on the 1965 novel of the same name by James Leo Herlihy . The film was written by Waldo Salt , directed by John Schlesinger , and stars Jon Voight alongside Dustin Hoffman . Notable smaller roles are filled by Sylvia Miles , John McGiver , Brenda Vaccaro , Bob Balaban , Jennifer Salt and Barnard Hughes . The film won three Academy Awards : Best Picture , Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay . It was the first LGBT-related Best Picture winner . In addition , it was the only X-rated film ever to win Best Picture , though its rating has since been changed to R . It has since been placed 36th on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 greatest American films of all time , and 43rd on its 2007 updated version .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Wag_the_Dog", "score": 0.6277868151664734, "text": "Wag the Dog is a 1997 black comedy film produced and directed by Barry Levinson . The screenplay by Hilary Henkin and David Mamet was loosely adapted from Larry Beinhart 's novel American Hero . The film stars Dustin Hoffman and Robert De Niro , with Anne Heche , Denis Leary , and William H. Macy in supporting roles . The film follows a Washington , D.C. spin doctor ( De Niro ) who , mere days before a presidential election , distracts the electorate from a sex scandal by hiring a Hollywood film producer ( Hoffman ) to construct a fake war with Albania . Wag the Dog was released one month before the outbreak of the Lewinsky scandal and the subsequent bombing of the Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory in Sudan by the Clinton administration , which prompted the media to draw comparisons between the film and reality .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Ben_Kingsley", "score": 0.6272668242454529, "text": "Sir Ben Kingsley ( born Krishna Pandit Bhanji ; 31 December 1943 ) is an English actor with a career spanning over 40 years . He has won an Oscar , Grammy , BAFTA , two Golden Globes , and a Screen Actors Guild Award . He is known for his starring role as Mohandas Gandhi in the 1982 film Gandhi , for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor . He is also known for his performances in the films Schindler 's List ( 1993 ) , Twelfth Night ( 1996 ) , Sexy Beast ( 2000 ) , Lucky Number Slevin ( 2006 ) , Shutter Island ( 2010 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Hugo ( 2011 ) , and Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) . Kingsley was made a Knight Bachelor at Buckingham Palace in 2002 for services to the British film industry . In 2010 , he was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2013 , he received the BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Award for Worldwide Contribution to Filmed Entertainment .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_–_Miniseries_or_Television_Film", "score": 0.6235681772232056, "text": "The Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Miniseries or Television Film is an award presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) . It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role on a miniseries or motion picture made for television for the calendar year . The award was first presented at the 39th Golden Globe Awards on January 30 , 1982 to Mickey Rooney for his role on Bill . Performances by actor in a miniseries or television film were originally awarded in the Best Actor -- Television Series Drama category before the creation of this category . Since its inception , the award has been given to 33 actors . Oscar Isaac is the current recipient of the award for his portrayal of Nick Wasicsko on Show Me a Hero . Robert Duvall , James Garner , and Al Pacino have won the most awards in this category with two each . James Woods has been nominated for the award on seven occasions , the most within the category .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
219066
T. J. Miller was featured in Deadpool 2.
[ { "id": "Deadpool_(film)", "score": 0.731869637966156, "text": "Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film directed by Tim Miller and written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick , based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . It is the eighth installment and a spin-off in the X-Men film series , and stars Ryan Reynolds as the titular character , as well as Morena Baccarin , Ed Skrein , T. J. Miller , Gina Carano , Leslie Uggams , Brianna Hildebrand , and Stefan Kapičić . In the film , antihero Deadpool hunts the man who nearly destroyed his life while also trying to reunite with his lost love . Development began in February 2004 with New Line Cinema , but moved in March 2005 to 20th Century Fox who bought the film rights . In May 2009 , after Reynolds portrayed the character in X-Men Origins : Wolverine , to the general disappointment of fans , Fox lent the film to writers , and Miller was hired for his directorial debut in April 2011 . Enthusiastic acclaim for leaked CGI test footage by Miller in July 2014 led to Fox greenlighting the film in September . Additional casting began in early 2015 , and principal photography commenced in Vancouver from March to May . Deadpool premiered in Paris on February 8 , 2016 , and was released on February 12 in the United States in IMAX , DLP , D-Box , and premium large format . Critics praised Reynolds ' performance as well as the film 's style , faithful depiction of the titular character , and action sequences , but criticized its plot as formulaic . It received various awards and nominations , including two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , and a Producers Guild of America Award nomination for Best Theatrical Motion Picture . It also won two Critics ' Choice Movie Awards for Best Comedy and Best Actor in a Comedy . The film was also a significant commercial success , grossing over $ 783million worldwide and breaking numerous box-office records , becoming the ninth highest-grossing film of 2016 , the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time when unadjusted for inflation , and the highest-grossing X-Men film . Shortly after the film 's success , Fox ordered development of a sequel scheduled to be released on June 1 , 2018 ." } ]
[ { "id": "Weasel_(Marvel_Comics)", "score": 0.6815689206123352, "text": "Weasel ( Jack Hammer ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Weasel is a friend , sidekick , information broker and arms dealer for Deadpool . Weasel is perhaps Deadpool 's best friend . However , because of his frequent mood swings and tenuous mental state , Deadpool still often abuses or mistreats him . Weasel has also displayed an opportunistic streak against his friend 's interests on occasions . Actor T. J. Miller portrays Weasel in the 2016 feature film Deadpool .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Deadpool", "score": 0.6640711426734924, "text": "Deadpool ( Wade Winston Wilson ) is a fictional antihero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by artist/writer Rob Liefeld and writer Fabian Nicieza , the character first appeared in The New Mutants # 98 ( cover-dated February 1991 ) . Initially Deadpool was depicted as a supervillain when he made his first appearance in The New Mutants and later in issues of X-Force , but later evolved into his more recognizable antiheroic persona . Deadpool , whose real name is Wade Wilson , is a disfigured and mentally unstable mercenary with the superhuman ability of an accelerated healing factor and physical prowess . The character is known as the `` Merc with a Mouth '' because of his talkative nature and tendency to break the fourth wall , which is used by writers for humorous effect and running gags . The character 's popularity has seen him feature in numerous other media . In the 2004 series Cable & Deadpool , he refers to his own scarred appearance as `` Ryan Reynolds crossed with a Shar Pei '' . Reynolds himself would eventually portray the character in the 2009 film X-Men Origins : Wolverine and reprised the role in the 2016 film Deadpool .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "T._J._Miller", "score": 0.6541218161582947, "text": "Todd Joseph `` T. J. '' Miller ( born June 4 , 1981 ) is an American actor , stand-up comedian , producer , and writer . He currently stars as Erlich Bachman in the HBO sitcom Silicon Valley . Miller has also performed in such films as Cloverfield ( 2008 ) , She 's Out of My League ( 2010 ) , Yogi Bear 3D ( 2010 ) , How to Train Your Dragon ( 2010 ) , How to Train Your Dragon 2 ( 2014 ) , Transformers : Age of Extinction ( 2014 ) , Big Hero 6 ( 2014 ) , Deadpool ( 2016 ) , and Office Christmas Party ( 2016 ) . He hosts `` The Gorburger Show '' , which is currently broadcast on Comedy Central .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Tim_Miller_(director)", "score": 0.6486798524856567, "text": "Timothy `` Tim '' Miller is an American film director and visual effects artist . He made his feature film directing debut with Deadpool ( 2016 ) . He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film as co-story writer and executive producer of the short animated film Gopher Broke ( 2004 ) . Miller also designed the opening sequences of The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Thor : The Dark World .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Ryan_Reynolds", "score": 0.6324662566184998, "text": "Ryan Rodney Reynolds ( born October 23 , 1976 ) is a Canadian actor . He portrayed Michael Bergen on the ABC sitcom Two Guys and a Girl ( 1998 -- 2001 ) , Billy Simpson in the YTV Canadian teen soap opera Hillside ( 1991 ) , as well as Marvel Comics characters Hannibal King in Blade : Trinity ( 2004 ) , Wade Wilson / Weapon XI in X-Men Origins : Wolverine ( 2009 ) , and the title character in Deadpool ( 2016 ) for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination . Additionally , he portrayed the Hal Jordan version of the DC Comics superhero Green Lantern in the 2011 film of the same name . Reynolds has also starred in films such as National Lampoon 's Van Wilder ( 2002 ) , The Amityville Horror ( 2005 ) , Definitely , Maybe ( 2008 ) , The Proposal ( 2009 ) , Buried ( 2010 ) , The Croods ( 2013 ) , and Woman in Gold ( 2015 ) .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "T-Ray_(comics)", "score": 0.6275646090507507, "text": "T-Ray is a fictional supervillain , published by Marvel Comics and created by Joe Kelly and Ed McGuiness . A mercenary for hire , he played an important role in the series Deadpool ; T-Ray served to remind Wade Wilson , also known as Deadpool , what a failure he was . He is Deadpool 's archenemy for many issues and almost everything that happened to Deadpool was a part of an elaborate plan orchestrated by T-Ray .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Andre_Tricoteux", "score": 0.6240776181221008, "text": "Andre Tricoteux is an actor and stuntman , known for playing Colossus in Deadpool and Orc War Captain in Warcraft . He has done stunt work on many TV and movies such as Once Upon a Time , Seventh Son , and See No Evil 2 . In the 2016 Marvel film Deadpool , he portrayed the Colossus character in a restricted on-set motion capture performance and stunt work , a role he shared with fellow stuntman T. J. Storm . Serbian actor Stefan Kapicic , who was cast at the last moment , provided the character 's voice , and the film 's motion capture supervisor Greg LaSalle provided the final facial performance . Tricoteux 's performance in the film has been blended by CGI with that of four other actors : the three aforementioned and stuntman Glenn Ennis for initial facial shapes .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Deadpool_(video_game)", "score": 0.616989016532898, "text": "Deadpool is an antihero action comedy beat 'em up video game based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . The game was developed by High Moon Studios and published by Activision for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Former Deadpool comic writer Daniel Way created the game 's plot , and Nolan North voiced the character . The game received mixed reviews , with plot elements commonly praised and gameplay elements found lacking . Deadpool , along with most other games published by Activision that had used the Marvel license , were de-listed and removed from all digital storefronts on January 1 , 2016 . As of July 15 , 2016 the game was made available to purchase again on Steam . The game was re-released on November 18 , 2015 on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One to coincide with the 2016 film of the same name .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_Deadpool_titles", "score": 0.616378664970398, "text": "Deadpool is a comic book anti-hero in the . Since 1993 he has starred in several ongoing series , as well as a number of limited series and one-shots .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Bob,_Agent_of_Hydra", "score": 0.6127325296401978, "text": "Bob is a fictional antihero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and a sidekick of Deadpool . Bob has a cameo in the 2016 feature film Deadpool where he is portrayed by Rob Hayter .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Spider-Man_2", "score": 0.6083216071128845, "text": "Spider-Man 2 is a 2004 American superhero film directed by Sam Raimi and written by Alvin Sargent from a story by Alfred Gough , Miles Millar , and Michael Chabon . The sequel to the 2002 film Spider-Man , it is the second film in Raimi 's Spider-Man film trilogy based on the fictional Marvel Comics character of the same name . Tobey Maguire , Kirsten Dunst , and James Franco reprise their respective roles as Peter Parker/Spider-Man , Mary Jane Watson and Harry Osborn . Set two years after the events of Spider-Man , the film finds Peter Parker struggling to manage both his personal life and his duties as Spider-Man , while Dr. Otto Octavius ( Doctor Octopus ) becomes a diabolical villain after a failed experiment kills his wife and leaves him neurologically fused to mechanical tentacles . Spider-Man must stop him from successfully recreating the experiment , which threatens to annihilate the city . Spider-Man 2 was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters on June 30 , 2004 . It grossed $ 783.8 million worldwide and won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects . It also received five awards at the Saturn Awards ceremony including Best Fantasy Film and Best Director for Raimi . The film 's success led to the release of Spider-Man 3 in 2007 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Shaun_of_the_Dead_(comics)", "score": 0.599848747253418, "text": "The film Shaun of the Dead has been adapted into a comic book twice .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Angel_Dust_(comics)", "score": 0.5944588780403137, "text": "Angel Dust ( Christina ) is a fictional mutant character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Geoff Johns and artist Shawn Martinbrough , the character first appeared in Morlocks # 1 ( June 2002 ) . Angel Dust is portrayed by Gina Carano in the 2016 feature film Deadpool .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Iron_Man_2", "score": 0.5944390296936035, "text": "Iron Man 2 is a 2010 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the sequel to 2008 's Iron Man , and is the third film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . Directed by Jon Favreau and written by Justin Theroux , the film stars Robert Downey Jr. , Gwyneth Paltrow , Don Cheadle , Scarlett Johansson , Sam Rockwell , Mickey Rourke , and Samuel L. Jackson . Six months after the events of Iron Man , Tony Stark is resisting calls by the United States government to hand over the Iron Man technology while also combating his declining health from the arc reactor in his chest . Meanwhile , rogue Russian scientist Ivan Vanko has developed the same technology and built weapons of his own in order to pursue a vendetta against the Stark family , in the process joining forces with Stark 's business rival , Justin Hammer . Following the successful release of Iron Man in May 2008 , Marvel Studios announced and immediately set to work on producing a sequel . In July of that same year Theroux was hired to write the script , and Favreau was signed to return and direct . Downey , Paltrow and Jackson were set to reprise their roles from Iron Man , while Cheadle was brought in to replace Terrence Howard in the role of James Rhodes . In the early months of 2009 , Rourke , Rockwell and Johansson filled out the supporting cast , and filming took place from April to July of that year . Like its predecessor the film was shot mostly in California , except for a key sequence in Monaco . Iron Man 2 premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on April 26 , 2010 , and was released internationally between April 28 and May 7 before releasing in the U.S. on May 7 , 2010 . The film received generally positive reviews and was commercially successful , grossing over $ 623.9 million at the worldwide box office . The DVD and Blu-ray were released on September 28 , 2010 . The third installment of the Iron Man series , Iron Man 3 , was released on May 3 , 2013 .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Randall_Darby", "score": 0.5909078121185303, "text": "Paralyzer ( Randall Darby ) , also known as the second Shocker , is a fictional character , a mutant appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Copycat_(Marvel_Comics)", "score": 0.5869572758674622, "text": "Copycat ( Vanessa Geraldine Carlysle ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . She is a former member of X-Force . Actress Morena Baccarin portrays Vanessa Carlysle in the 2016 feature film Deadpool .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Deadpool_(Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack)", "score": 0.5854066014289856, "text": "Deadpool ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ) is the soundtrack to the 2016 film Deadpool , composed by Junkie XL , under his legal name Tom Holkenborg . Following the release , the soundtrack made the 30 mark on the Billboard 200 , and topped the soundtrack list also from Billboard .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "X2_(film)", "score": 0.5844396948814392, "text": "X2 ( often promoted as X2 : X-Men United and internationally as X-Men 2 ) is a 2003 American superhero film based on the X-Men superhero team appearing in Marvel Comics . It is the sequel to 2000 's X-Men , and the second installment in the X-Men film series . The film was directed by Bryan Singer , written by Michael Dougherty , Dan Harris , and David Hayter , and features an ensemble cast including Hugh Jackman , Patrick Stewart , Ian McKellen , Halle Berry , Famke Janssen , James Marsden , Rebecca Romijn-Stamos , Brian Cox , Alan Cumming , Bruce Davison , and Anna Paquin . The plot , inspired by the graphic novel God Loves , Man Kills , pits the X-Men and their enemies , the Brotherhood , against the genocidal Colonel William Stryker ( Brian Cox ) . He leads an assault on Professor Xavier 's school to build his own version of Xavier 's mutant-tracking computer Cerebro , in order to destroy every mutant on Earth and to save the human race from them . Development began shortly after X-Men ( 2000 ) . David Hayter and Zak Penn wrote separate scripts , combining what they felt to be the best elements of both scripts into one screenplay . Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris were eventually hired to rewrite the work , and changed the characterizations of Beast , Angel , and Lady Deathstrike . Sentinels and the Danger Room were set to appear before being deleted because of budget concerns . The film 's premise was influenced by the Marvel Comics storylines Return to Weapon X and God Loves , Man Kills . Filming began in June 2002 and ended that November . Most of the filming took place at Vancouver Film Studios , the largest North American production facility outside of Los Angeles . Production designer Guy Hendrix Dyas adapted similar designs by John Myhre from the previous film . X2 was released in the United States on May 2 , 2003 . It received positive reviews from critics , who mostly praised the storyline , action sequences and acting of the film , and it is considered to be one of the best superhero films ever made . With its critical success , it grossed over approximately $ 407 million , and received eight Saturn Awards nominations .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Blade_II", "score": 0.5837278366088867, "text": "Blade II is a 2002 American superhero horror film based on the fictional Marvel Comics character Blade . It is the sequel of the first film and the second part of the Blade film series , followed by Blade : Trinity . It was written by David S. Goyer , who also wrote the previous film , directed by Guillermo del Toro , and had Wesley Snipes returning as the lead character and producer . The film follows the vampire Blade in his continuing effort to protect humans from vampires , finding himself in a fierce battle against an extremely savage , powerful mutant vampire who seeks to commit global genocide of both vampire and human races . Blade and his human allies are coerced into joining forces with a special elite group of vampires . It takes place two years after the events of the first film . Blade II was released on March 22 , 2002 , and was a box office success grossing over $ 155 million . It also received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics , earning praise for its performances , atmosphere , and action sequences , although its script and lack of character development has been criticized .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_Vol._2", "score": 0.583619236946106, "text": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2014 's Guardians of the Galaxy and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film is written and directed by James Gunn and stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt , Zoe Saldana , Dave Bautista , Vin Diesel , Bradley Cooper , Michael Rooker , Karen Gillan , Pom Klementieff , Elizabeth Debicki , Chris Sullivan , Sean Gunn , Sylvester Stallone , and Kurt Russell . In Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 , the Guardians travel throughout the cosmos as they help Peter Quill learn more about his mysterious parentage . The film was officially announced at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International before the theatrical release of the first film , along with Gunn 's return from the first film , with the title of the sequel revealed a year later in June 2015 . The film began principal photography in February 2016 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County , Georgia , with many crew changes from the first film due to other commitments . Filming concluded in June 2016 . Gunn chose to set the sequel shortly after the first film to explore the characters ' new roles as the Guardians , and to follow the storyline of Quill 's father established throughout the first film -- Russell was confirmed in that role in July 2016 , portraying Ego , a departure from Quill 's comic father . Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 premiered in Tokyo on April 10 , 2017 and was released in the United States on May 5 , 2017 , in 3D and IMAX 3D . It has grossed $ 797 million worldwide , making it the third highest-grossing film of 2017 and also outgrossing its predecessor . The film was praised by critics for its humor , soundtrack and cast , but was deemed not as `` fresh '' as the original . A sequel , Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 3 , is being developed with Gunn returning to write and direct .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
145636
Stephon Marbury plays basketball in America.
[ { "id": "Stephon_Marbury", "score": 0.7642230987548828, "text": "Stephon Xavier Marbury ( born February 20 , 1977 ) is an American professional basketball player who most recently played for the Beijing Ducks of the Chinese Basketball Association ( CBA ) . He has won three CBA championships with Beijing in 2012 , 2014 and 2015 , and is widely considered as the greatest foreign player to ever play in the Chinese Basketball Association . The , 205 lb point guard was selected out of the Georgia Institute of Technology by the Milwaukee Bucks with the 4th overall pick in the 1996 NBA draft , but was traded shortly thereafter to the Minnesota Timberwolves . He was an NBA All-Star in 2001 and 2003 and was voted into the All-NBA Third Team in 2000 and 2003 ." } ]
[ { "id": "National_Basketball_Association", "score": 0.716577410697937, "text": "The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is the major men 's professional basketball league in North America , and is widely considered to be the premier men 's professional basketball league in the world . It has 30 teams ( 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada ) , and is an active member of USA Basketball ( USAB ) , which is recognized by FIBA ( also known as the International Basketball Federation ) as the national governing body for basketball in the United States . The NBA is one of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . NBA players are the world 's best paid athletes by average annual salary per player . The league was founded in New York City on June 6 , 1946 , as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . The league adopted the name National Basketball Association on August 3 , 1949 , after merging with its rival National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The league 's several international as well as individual team offices are directed out of its head offices located in the Olympic Tower at 645 Fifth Avenue in New York City . NBA Entertainment and NBA TV studios are directed out of offices located in Secaucus , New Jersey .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "List_of_relocated_National_Basketball_Association_teams", "score": 0.7016080021858215, "text": "The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is a professional men 's basketball league , consisting of 30 teams in North America -- 29 in the United States and one in Canada . The NBA was founded in New York City on June 6 , 1946 , as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . It adopted the name National Basketball Association at the start of the 1949 -- 50 season when it absorbed the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The NBA is an active member of USA Basketball , which is recognized by the International Basketball Federation ( FIBA ) as the national governing body for basketball in the country . The league is considered to be one of the four major professional sports leagues of North America .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Basketball", "score": 0.700424075126648, "text": "Basketball is a non-contact sport played on a rectangular court . While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side , three-on-three , two-on-two , and one-on-one competitions are also common . The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 in in diameter and 10 ft high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court . The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith , who would be the first basketball coach of the Kansas Jayhawks , one of the most successful programs in the game 's history . A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play . A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line , and two points if shot from in front of the line . A team can also score via free throws , which are worth one point , after the other team is assessed with certain fouls . The team with the most points at the end of the game wins , but additional time ( overtime ) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation . The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate , or by bouncing it while walking or running ( dribbling ) . It is a violation to lift , or drag , one 's pivot foot without dribbling the ball , to carry it , or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling . The game has many individual techniques for displaying skill -- ball-handling , shooting , passing , dribbling , dunking , shot-blocking , and rebounding . Basketball teams generally have player positions , the tallest and strongest members of a team are called a center or power forward , while slightly shorter and more agile players are called small forward , and the shortest players or those who possess the best ball handling skills are called a point guard or shooting guard . The point guard directs the on court action of the team , implementing the coach 's game plan , and managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays ( player positioning ) . Basketball is one of the world 's most popular and widely viewed sports . The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is the most popular and widely considered to be the highest level of professional basketball in the world and NBA players are the world 's best paid athletes by average annual salary per player . Outside North America , the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague and FIBA Americas League . The FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world . Each continent hosts regional competitions for national teams , like EuroBasket and FIBA Americas Championship . The FIBA Women 's Basketball World Cup features the top national women 's basketball teams from continental championships . The main North American league is the WNBA , whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Women 's Basketball Premier League .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "United_States_men's_national_basketball_team", "score": 0.6984564065933228, "text": "The USA Basketball Men 's Senior National Team , commonly known as the United States Men 's National Basketball Team , represents the United States in international men 's basketball . The USA team is the most successful team in international competition , winning medals in all eighteen Olympic tournaments it has entered , coming away with fifteen golds . Two of its gold medal-winning teams were inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in August 2010 -- the 1960 team , which featured six Hall of Famers ( 4 players , 2 coaches ) , and the 1992 `` Dream Team '' , featuring 14 Hall of Famers ( 11 players , 3 coaches ) . The United States is currently ranked first in the FIBA World Rankings . United States and Argentina are the only two national teams in the FIBA Americas zone that have won the quadruple crown : FIBA World Championship Gold medal , Olympic Gold Medal , FIBA Americas Championship Gold medal and Pan American Gold Medal . Traditionally composed of amateur players , a 1989 rule change by FIBA allowed USA Basketball to field teams with professional players . The first such team , known as the `` Dream Team '' , won the gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , being superior in all matches . With the introduction of professionals , the team was able to spark a second run of dominance after capturing only a bronze medal in 1988 . A team of professional players competed at the 1994 FIBA World Championship , finishing first . In 1996 , 2000 , 2008 , 2012 , and 2016 the USA again captured gold medals at the Olympics . Facing increased competition , the USA failed to win a medal at the 2002 FIBA World Championship , finishing sixth . The 2004 Summer Olympic team lost three games on its way to a bronze medal , a record that represented more losses in a single year than the country 's Olympic teams had suffered in all previous Olympiads combined . Determined to put an end to these failures , USA Basketball initiated a long-term project aimed at creating better , more cohesive teams . The USA won its first seven games at the 2006 FIBA World Championship in Japan before losing against Greece in the semi-finals , ending the competition with the bronze medal . The USA won gold two years later , though , at the 2008 Summer Olympics with a dominant performance . This success was followed up at the 2010 FIBA World Championship , where despite fielding a roster featuring no players from the 2008 Olympic team , the USA did not lose a single game en route to defeating host Turkey for the gold medal . The USA continued this streak of dominance by going undefeated and capturing gold once more at the 2012 Summer Olympics , 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup , and 2016 Summer Olympics .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Chinese_Basketball_Association", "score": 0.6967365145683289, "text": "The Chinese Basketball Association , often abbreviated as CBA , is the first-tier professional men 's basketball league in China . It is widely regarded as the pre-eminent professional men 's basketball league in Asia . The league is commonly known by fans as the CBA , and this acronym is even used in Chinese on a regular basis . The CBA should not be confused with the National Basketball League ( NBL ) , which is a professional minor league . There is also a Women 's Chinese Basketball Association ( WCBA ) . A few Chinese players who competed in the CBA in the early stages of their careers -- including Wang Zhizhi , Mengke Bateer , Yao Ming , Yi Jianlian , and Sun Yue -- have also played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . A handful of others -- Xue Yuyang , Zhou Qi , and Wang Zhelin -- were drafted into the NBA but did not , or have yet to , see regular season action on the other side of the Pacific Ocean . Only a limited number of foreign players are allowed on each CBA team . Notable imports include former NBA All-Stars Stephon Marbury , Tracy McGrady , Gilbert Arenas , Steve Francis , and Metta World Peace -- as well as several NBA veterans who would become CBA All-Stars -- Michael Beasley , Aaron Brooks , Al Harrington , Lester Hudson , Kenyon Martin , Randolph Morris , Shavlik Randolph , and J.R. Smith .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_NBA_players_who_have_spent_their_entire_career_with_one_franchise", "score": 0.6957814693450928, "text": "The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is a men 's professional basketball league consisting of 30 teams in North America ( twenty-nine in the United States and one in Canada ) . The NBA was founded on June 6 , 1946 in New York City , as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . The league adopted its current name at the start of the when it merged with the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The NBA is an active member of USA Basketball , which is recognized by the International Basketball Federation ( FIBA ) as the National Governing Body ( NGB ) for basketball in the country . The league is considered to be one of the four major professional sports leagues of North America . The players listed here have spent their entire NBA career with just one franchise . Kobe Bryant played his entire 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers . Hall of Famer John Stockton spent his entire 19-year playing career with the Utah Jazz , while Tim Duncan also played 19 seasons for the San Antonio Spurs .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "2014_United_States_FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup_team", "score": 0.6954595446586609, "text": "The United States men 's national basketball team won the gold medal at the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup held in Spain . Prior to 2014 , the event was known as the FIBA World Championship . The 24-team tournament was held from August 30 to September 14 , and the victory automatically qualified the U.S. into the 2016 Olympics in Brazil . Kyrie Irving was named the most valuable player ( MVP ) of the tournament . The United States had automatically qualified for the World Cup by virtue of the gold medal won by their 2012 Olympic team . The Americans were widely expected to win the World Cup , and advanced to the knockout phase after starting the tournament 5 -- 0 during the group stage . They were an undefeated 9 -- 0 in the tournament , winning by an average margin of 33.0 points . The United States was just the third country in World Cup history to repeat as champions . Combined with their 2010 World Championship along with gold by their 2008 and 2012 Olympic teams , they also became the first country in FIBA basketball history to win four consecutive major titles .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "FIBA", "score": 0.6902542114257812, "text": "The International Basketball Federation , more commonly known as FIBA , FIBA World , or FIBA International ( -LSB- ˈfiːbə -RSB- ) , from its French name Fédération internationale de basket-ball , is an association of national organizations which governs international competition in basketball . Originally known as the Fédération internationale de basket-ball amateur ( hence FIBA ) , in 1989 it dropped the word amateur from its official name but retained the acronym ; the `` BA '' now represents the first two letters of basketball . FIBA defines the international rules of basketball , specifies the equipment and facilities required , regulates the transfer of athletes across countries , and controls the appointment of international referees . A total of 213 national federations are now members , organized since 1989 into five zones or `` commissions '' : Africa , Americas , Asia , Europe , and Oceania . The FIBA Basketball World Cup is a world tournament for men 's national teams held every four years . Teams compete for the Naismith Trophy , named in honor of basketball 's Canadian creator James Naismith . The tournament structure is similar but not identical to that of the FIFA World Cup in football ; these tournaments occurred in the same year from 1970 through 2014 , but starting in 2019 , the Basketball World Cup will move to the year following the FIFA World Cup . A parallel event for women 's teams , the FIBA Women 's Basketball World Cup , is also held quadrennially ; from 1986 through 2014 , it was held in the same year as the men 's event but in a different country . The women 's tournament will continue to be held in the same year as the FIFA World Cup . In 2009 FIBA announced three new tournaments : two 12-team U-17 World Championships ( one each for men and women ) to be played in July 2010 , and an eight-team FIBA World Club Championship to be launched in October 2010 . However , the FIBA World Club Championship did not materialize . In its place , FIBA instead relaunched its original world club championship for men , the FIBA Intercontinental Cup , in 2013 . The newest worldwide FIBA tournaments for national teams are in the three-player half-court variation , 3x3 . The FIBA 3x3 U-18 World Championships were inaugurated in 2011 , and the FIBA 3x3 World Championships for senior teams followed a year later . All events include separate tournaments for men 's , women 's , and mixed teams . The U-18 championships , held annually , feature 32 teams in each individual tournament . The senior championships have 24 teams in each individual tournament , and are held in even-numbered years .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_National_Basketball_Association_seasons", "score": 0.6893025040626526, "text": "The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is the major professional basketball league in North America . The league was founded in 1946 as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . The league adopted its current name at the start of when it merged with the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The league currently consists of thirty teams , of which twenty-nine are located in the United States and one in Canada . Each team plays 82 games in the regular season . Eight teams from each of the league 's two conferences qualify for the playoffs . The winners of the Conference Finals advance to the finals to determine the NBA champions . The Boston Celtics have had or tied for the best regular season record for a record 18 times . They won the Eastern Conference ( known as the Eastern Division until 1970 ) for a record 21 times , while the Los Angeles Lakers won the Western Conference ( known as the Western Division until 1970 ) for a record 31 times . The Celtics won 17 NBA championships , the most in NBA history . The Lakers followed them with 16 titles from their 31 Finals appearances . The Celtics and the Lakers had played each other in the Finals for a record 12 times . The Celtics won 9 of their matchups while the Lakers have only won 3 . The best single regular season record was recorded by the Golden State Warriors in the . In that season , the Warriors recorded 73 wins and 9 losses with a winning percentage of .890 , eclipsing the 1995 -- 1996 Chicago Bulls , though the Bulls went on to win the Eastern Conference and the NBA championship . The Bulls and the Warriors are the only teams to win at least 70 games in a single season . In the 1995 -- 96 season , the Bulls achieved several awards and honors : Michael Jordan won the scoring title , the regular season Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Award , the All-Star Game MVP Award and the Finals MVP Award ; Dennis Rodman won the rebounding title ; Toni Kukoč won the Sixth Man of the Year Award ; Jordan and Scottie Pippen were named in the All-NBA First Team ; Jordan , Pippen and Rodman were named in the NBA All-Defensive First Team ; and coach Phil Jackson won the Coach of the Year Award . The Eastern champions have won 38 championships while the Western champions have won 31 championships . The defunct Central Division won one championship in 1950 . Of the 70 championships , 34 of them were won by the teams who had or tied for the best regular season record . In 10 other occurrences , the teams who had or tied for the best regular season record , lost the Finals . Six teams that had the best regular season record and won the championships in the same season , were named to the list of Top 10 Teams in NBA History announced at the league 's 50th anniversary in 1996 . The Celtics , the Bulls , the Lakers and the Philadelphia 76ers each had two teams selected , while the Detroit Pistons and the New York Knicks each had one team selected .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "List_of_National_Basketball_Association_franchise_career_scoring_leaders", "score": 0.679611086845398, "text": "The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is a professional men 's basketball league , consisting of 30 teams in North America ( 29 in the United States and one in Canada ) . The NBA was founded in New York City on June 6 , 1946 , as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . It adopted the name National Basketball Association at the start of the 1949 -- 50 season when it merged with the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The NBA is an active member of USA Basketball , which is recognized by the International Basketball Federation ( FIBA ) as the National Governing Body ( NGB ) for basketball in the country . The league is considered to be one of the four major professional sports leagues of North America . There have been 15 defunct franchises in NBA history . In basketball , points are the sum of the score accumulated through free throw or field goal . The NBA introduced three-point field goals in the 1979 -- 80 season as a bonus for field goals made from a longer distance . Karl Malone scored 36,374 points with the Utah Jazz , the most points by a player for a single franchise . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , the NBA 's all-time leading scorer , is the Milwaukee Bucks leader with 14,211 points . He scored more points with the Los Angeles Lakers ( 24,176 ) , where he ranks third in Lakers ' history . Kobe Bryant leads the Lakers , scoring the most points in the NBA while playing for only one team in an entire career . Dirk Nowitzki of the Dallas Mavericks is second behind Bryant in scoring while playing for only one team . Statistics accurate as of the conclusion of the regular 2016 -- 17 NBA season .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_foreign_NBA_players", "score": 0.6785203814506531, "text": "In the National Basketball Association , players born outside of the United States are often known as international players . Players who were born in U.S. overseas territories , such as Puerto Rico , U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam , are considered international players even if they are U.S. citizens . In some borderline cases , the NBA takes into consideration whether a player desires to be identified as international . Hank Biasatti , who was born in Italy and raised in Canada , was the first international player in the league in 1946 . The number of international players in the league rose after the formation of the Dream Team when NBA players were allowed into Olympic play starting in 1992 . Global interest in basketball subsequently soared . On opening day of the 1991 -- 92 season , NBA rosters included 23 international players from 18 countries . At the start of the , there were 92 players from 39 countries and territories . At the start of the , there were 101 players from 37 countries and territories . At the start of the , there were 100 players from 37 countries and territories . At the start of the , there was a record-high 113 international players from 41 countries and territories . The number of players on opening-night rosters broke an all-time league record first set in and tied in , and the number of countries represented surpassed the record set in 2010 -- 11 . In addition , the San Antonio Spurs set an all-time record for international players on an opening-night squad , with 10 during the 2013-14 season . This list includes all international players who have played in the NBA and also includes all players who were born in the United States but have represented other countries in international basketball competition . Players listed under the United States were born outside of the country but have represented them in international basketball tournament . Players who were born outside the United States to American parents and players who became naturalized U.S. citizens are also included in that section .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "2012_United_States_men's_Olympic_basketball_team", "score": 0.6740759015083313, "text": "The men 's national basketball team of the United States won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London . Defending the gold medal won by the 2008 team in the previous Olympic Games , the Americans qualified for the 2012 Games after winning the 2010 FIBA World Championship . The Olympic team lost some players to injuries who might have made the team , and appeared to be short on big men . Their roster featured five players returning from the 2008 Olympic team and five others from the 2010 World Championship . Coming off his successful season in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , LeBron James became the leader of the Olympic team . The USA went undefeated but appeared vulnerable in five exhibition games . They finished the tournament with a perfect 8 -- 0 record , defeating opponents by an average of 32 points while trailing in the fourth quarter only once . The Americans often played with a small lineup that emphasized speed , quickness , and outside shooting . The team set an Olympic single-game record with 156 points scored against Nigeria in the preliminary round . In a rematch of the 2008 finals , Team USA again defeated Spain to capture the gold .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "List_of_defunct_National_Basketball_Association_teams", "score": 0.6735480427742004, "text": "The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is a professional men 's basketball league , consisting of 30 teams in North America ( 29 in the United States and one in Canada ) . The NBA was founded in New York City on June 6 , 1946 , as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . It adopted the name National Basketball Association at the start of the 1949 -- 50 season when it absorbed the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The NBA is an active member of USA Basketball , which is recognized by the International Basketball Federation ( FIBA ) as the National Governing Body ( NGB ) for basketball in the country . The league is considered to be one of the four major professional sports leagues of North America . There have been 15 defunct NBA franchises . The Anderson Packers , the original Denver Nuggets , the Indianapolis Jets , the Sheboygan Red Skins , and the Waterloo Hawks had played in the NBL before joining the NBA , while the original Baltimore Bullets had played in the American Basketball League before joining the NBA . Nine of the fifteen defunct teams have played in only one NBA season . The Packers , Red Skins , and Hawks left the NBA for the National Professional Basketball League , and are the only defunct teams to have ceased to exist in a league other than the NBA . The original Bullets were the last defunct team to leave the NBA , having left during the 1954 -- 55 season , and are the only defunct team to have won an NBA championship . The Chicago Stags , the Indianapolis Olympians , the Cleveland Rebels , the Packers , and the Red Skins qualified for the playoffs in every year they were active in the league . Among cities that have hosted defunct NBA franchises , Chicago , Cleveland , Denver , Detroit , Indianapolis , Toronto , and Washington , D.C. are the only ones to currently have an NBA team , although Providence , Rhode Island , Anderson , Indiana and Sheboygan , Wisconsin are around an hour from a market with an NBA franchise .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "FIBA_AmeriCup", "score": 0.67185378074646, "text": "The FIBA AmeriCup ( FIBA Americas Championship ) is the name commonly used to refer to the American Basketball Championship that takes place every two years between national teams of the continents . Through the 2015 edition , the Americas Championship is also a qualifying tournament for the FIBA Basketball World Cup and the Summer Olympic Games . Beginning in 2017 , the championship , along with all other FIBA continental championships for men , will be played once every four years , and the continental championships will no longer be part of the qualifying process for either the World Cup or Olympics . Since FIBA organized the entire Western Hemisphere west of the Atlantic Ocean under one zone , countries from Northern America , Central America , the Caribbean and South America compete in this tournament . The United States is the most successful team in this tournament , having won it six times . Argentinean Luis Scola is both the all-time leading scorer in tournament history , and the player who has won the most tournament MVPs , with four .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_European_basketball_players_in_the_United_States", "score": 0.6703412532806396, "text": "This is a list of European basketball players who have played in the United States at either professional or NCAA Division I level . It is intended to include players who are currently active , whether inside or outside the U.S. , and former players ( both living and deceased ) . For the purpose of this article , a `` European player in the United States '' is defined as a citizen of a FIBA Europe member country who was playing in the U.S. while a citizen of said country . Examples of players who do not fall within this definition are : Howard Carter , who became a naturalized citizen of France after having played professionally in that country , and never played in the U.S. while a French citizen . Jeff Taylor , whose story is similar to that or Carter , except that his eventual country of citizenship was Sweden . However , his son Jeffery , born in Sweden as a dual citizen of both the U.S. and Sweden , is listed . Kelenna Azubuike , who despite being born and raised in the United Kingdom has never held British citizenship . He was born a Nigerian citizen . In addition , NBA players are considered to be playing in the United States even if they have played only for a Canada-based team ( currently the Toronto Raptors , and in the past the Vancouver Grizzlies and Toronto Huskies ) . If a player is listed as being a dual citizen , his or her country of birth is indicated first .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Andre_Iguodala", "score": 0.668475866317749, "text": "Andre Tyler Iguodala ( ; born January 28 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The swingman was an NBA All-Star in 2012 and has been named to the NBA All-Defensive Team twice . Iguodala won an NBA championship with the Warriors in 2015 , when he was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . He was also a member of the United States national team at the 2010 FIBA World Championship and 2012 Summer Olympics , winning the gold medal both times . Iguodala went to Lanphier High School in Springfield , Illinois , before attending the University of Arizona . After completing two years , he declared for the 2004 NBA draft , where he was drafted as the ninth overall pick by the Philadelphia 76ers . Iguodala played for Philadelphia until the summer of 2012 , when he joined the Denver Nuggets in a four-team trade . He was acquired by Golden State in 2013 . In 2014 -- 15 , he became a reserve for the first time in his career , but captured the Finals MVP after returning to the starting lineup in the middle of the finals series .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_basketball", "score": 0.662060558795929, "text": "Basketball is a sport contested at the Summer Olympic Games . A men 's basketball tournament was first held at the 1904 Olympics as a demonstration ; it has been held at every Summer Olympics since 1936 . In the 1972 Olympics , the final game between the United States and the Soviet Union was a controversial one , as the game was ended and replayed twice by a FIBA ( International Basketball Federation ) official without the authority to do so , before the Soviet Union won their first gold medal , which would have been won by the United States if the game was not started against the rules . The U.S. filed a formal protest but was rejected by FIBA . As a result , the United States refused to accept the silver medal , and no player has ever claimed his medal . After a protest of the Soviet war in Afghanistan , the United States boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics . The Soviet Union responded by leading the 1984 Summer Olympics boycott , citing security concerns in the United States . Both boycotts affected basketball at the Olympics , as both had successful basketball teams at the time . In 1989 , the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) decided to allow professional athletes to compete in the Olympics , and starting in 1992 , the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) allowed its players to participate . Women 's basketball was first held at the 1976 Summer Olympics . Both events have been held at every Olympic Games since . The USA 's Teresa Edwards is the all-time leader for the most Olympic medals in basketball , with four gold and one bronze . Nine players have won four medals : the USA 's Lisa Leslie , Sue Bird , Tamika Catchings , Diana Taurasi ( each with four golds with the women 's team ) and Carmelo Anthony ( three golds and one bronze with the men 's team ) , the Soviet Union 's Gennadi Volnov ( one gold , two silver , one bronze ) and Sergei Belov ( one gold , three bronze ) , and Australians Kristi Harrower and Lauren Jackson ( both with three silvers and one bronze ) . Leslie , Bird , Catchings , and Taurasi are the all-time leaders for the most consecutive gold medal wins in basketball . Five other individuals , all American women , have won three golds -- Katie Smith , Dawn Staley , Sheryl Swoopes , Seimone Augustus , and Sylvia Fowles -- and 23 other players , not including the previously mentioned , have won three medals . The United States have been successful in both the men 's and women 's tournaments , winning a medal in every Olympiad except the 1980 Summer Olympics , which it boycotted . The Soviet Union is the only other country to have won 12 medals in the men 's and women 's tournaments , 10 of which were won from 1952 to 1980 . Yugoslavia won eight medals . Two other countries have won five medals : Australia ( all women 's ) and Brazil ( three men 's , two women 's ) . As of the 2016 Summer Olympics , 90 medals ( 30 of each color ) have been awarded to teams from 20 National Olympic Committees . Two gold medal-winning teams , both U.S. men 's teams , were inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2010 . The 1960 team featured four players who would eventually enter the Hall of Fame , a head coach who would enter the Hall as a contributor , and a team manager who entered the Hall as a coach . The 1992 team , better known as the `` Dream Team '' , had 11 future Hall of Fame players , along with three coaches who were inducted to the Hall as coaches ( one of whom was previously inducted separately for his accomplishments as a player ) . __ TOC __", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Black_participation_in_college_basketball", "score": 0.6581165194511414, "text": "Blacks have been participating in American college basketball for over a century .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "NBA_Most_Valuable_Player_Award", "score": 0.6558306813240051, "text": "The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given since the 1955 -- 56 season to the best performing player of the regular season . The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy , which is named in honor of the first commissioner ( then president ) of the NBA , who served from 1946 until 1963 . Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players . Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada , each of whom casts a vote for first to fifth place selections . Each first-place vote is worth 10 points ; each second-place vote is worth seven ; each third-place vote is worth five , fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one . Starting from 2010 , one ballot was cast by fans through online voting . The player with the highest point total wins the award . , the current holder of the award is Stephen Curry , who won both the 2015 and 2016 MVP Awards . Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times . Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times , while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times . Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons . Moses Malone , Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times , while Bob Pettit , Karl Malone , Tim Duncan , Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice . Only two rookies have won the award : Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968 -- 69 season . Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria , Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands , Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered `` international players '' by the NBA . Stephen Curry in 2015 -- 16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously . Shaquille O'Neal in 1999 -- 2000 and LeBron James in 2012 -- 13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection , both receiving 120 of 121 votes . Since the , every winner was from a team that won at least 50 games in the regular season that year.Except for seasons affected by lockouts , when the schedule was shortened from the norm of 82 games . Karl Malone won in 1998 -- 99 when Utah was 37 -- 13 in 50 games , which projected to 60 wins in 82 games . James won in 2011 -- 12 when the Miami Heat were 46 -- 20 in 66 games , which projected to 57 wins .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "List_of_foreign_NBL_Canada_players", "score": 0.6553649306297302, "text": "In the National Basketball League of Canada ( NBL ) , foreign players -- also known as international players -- are those who were born outside the United States or Canada . Players who were born in U.S. overseas territories , such as Puerto Rico , U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam , are considered international players even if they are U.S. citizens . Yannick Anzuluni and Boubacar Coly were the first international players to play in the NBL Canada . The two faced each other in the league 's first-ever regular season game on October 29 , 2011 , between the Moncton Miracles and Laval Kebs . The first international player to be drafted into the league was Obinna Agomo , who held Nigerian citizenship . Agomo never appeared in an NBL Canada game , however . Papa Oppong , who was of Ghanaian descent but was born and raised in the Toronto , Canada area , was the first second-generation foreign player to be drafted into the league .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
135345
CP affects people.
[ { "id": "Cerebral_palsy", "score": 0.7432314157485962, "text": "Cerebral palsy ( CP ) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood . Signs and symptoms vary among people . Often , symptoms include poor coordination , stiff muscles , weak muscles , and tremors . There may be problems with sensation , vision , hearing , swallowing , and speaking . Often babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over , sit , crawl , or walk as early as other children of their age . Other symptoms include seizures and problems with thinking or reasoning , each of which occurs in about one third of people with CP . While the symptoms may get more noticeable over the first few years of life , the underlying problems do not worsen over time . Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement , balance , and posture . Most often the problems occur during pregnancy ; however , they may also occur during childbirth , or shortly after birth . Often the cause is unknown . Risk factors include preterm birth , being a twin , certain infections during pregnancy such as toxoplasmosis or rubella , exposure to methylmercury during pregnancy , a difficult delivery , and head trauma during the first few years of life , among others . About 2 % of cases are believed to be due to an inherited genetic cause . A number of sub-types are classified based on the specific problems present . For example , those with stiff muscles have spastic cerebral palsy , those with poor coordination have ataxic cerebral palsy , and those with writhing movements have athetoid cerebral palsy . Diagnosis is based on the child 's development over time . Blood tests and medical imaging may be used to rule out other possible causes . CP is partly preventable through immunization of the mother and efforts to prevent head injuries in children such as through improved safety . There is no cure for CP ; however , supportive treatments , medications , and surgery may help many individuals . This may include physical therapy , occupational therapy , and speech therapy . Medications such as diazepam , baclofen , and botulinum toxin may help relax stiff muscles . Surgery may include lengthening muscles and cutting overly active nerves . Often external braces and other assistive technology are helpful . Some affected children can achieve near normal adult lives with appropriate treatment . While alternative medicines are frequently used there is no evidence to support their use . CP is the most common movement disorder in children . It occurs in about 2.1 per 1,000 live births . Cerebral palsy has been documented throughout history with the first known descriptions occurring in the work of Hippocrates in the 5th century BCE . Extensive study of the condition began in the 19th century by William John Little , after whom spastic diplegia was called `` Little disease '' . William Osler first named it `` cerebral palsy '' from the German `` zerebrale Kinderlähmung '' ( cerebral child-paralysis ) . A number of potential treatments are being examined , including stem cell therapy . However , more research is required to determine if it is effective and safe ." } ]
[ { "id": "CP", "score": 0.6772882342338562, "text": "CP , Cp , cP , cp , cp. , or C.P. may refer to :", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Self-Help_Group_for_Cerebral_Palsy", "score": 0.6703768968582153, "text": "The Self-Help Group for Cerebral Palsy ( SGCP ) is a non-governmental and non-profit organization in Nepal dedicated for helping and educating children and adults suffering from cerebral palsy . Cerebral palsy ( CP ) is a neurological disorder that is caused during childhood which permanently affects body movement and muscle coordination . The organization has one rehabilitation center established in 2005 , situated in Dhapakel , Lalitpur that consists of a team of medical professionals , trained teachers and social workers .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Chronic_prostatitis/chronic_pelvic_pain_syndrome", "score": 0.6664842367172241, "text": "Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis or chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome ( CP/CPPS ) is a pelvic pain condition in men , and should be distinguished from other forms of prostatitis such as chronic bacterial prostatitis and acute bacterial prostatitis . This condition was formerly known as prostatodynia ( painful prostate ) . CP/CPPS and interstitial cystitis are sometimes referred to jointly as `` UCPPS '' ( urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome ) .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_people_with_gout", "score": 0.663235604763031, "text": "People who suffered from gout .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Cerebral_perfusion_pressure", "score": 0.6610916256904602, "text": "Cerebral perfusion pressure , or CPP , is the net pressure gradient causing cerebral blood flow to the brain ( brain perfusion ) . It must be maintained within narrow limits because too little pressure could cause brain tissue to become ischemic ( having inadequate blood flow ) , and too much could raise intracranial pressure ( ICP ) .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "CP1_(classification)", "score": 0.6598166823387146, "text": "CP1 is a disability sport classification specific to cerebral palsy . In many sports , it is grouped inside other classifications to allow people with cerebral palsy to compete against people with other different disabilities but the same level of functionality . CP1 classified competitors are the group who are most physically affected by their cerebral palsy . They are quadriplegics . The most popular sport for people in this class is boccia , where they are classified as either BC1 or BC3 . Other sports open to competitors in this class include athletics , cycling , race running , slalom , and swimming . In some of these sports , different classification systems or names for CP1 are used .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Obsessive–compulsive_personality_disorder", "score": 0.6575262546539307, "text": "Obsessive -- compulsive personality disorder ( OCPD ) is a personality disorder characterized by a general pattern of concern with orderliness , perfectionism , excessive attention to details , mental and interpersonal control , and a need for control over one 's environment , at the expense of flexibility , openness to experience , and efficiency . Workaholism and miserliness are also seen often in those with this personality disorder . Rituals are performed to the point of excluding leisure activities and friendships . Persons affected with this disorder may find it hard to relax , always feeling that time is running out for their activities , and that more effort is needed to achieve their goals . They may plan their activities down to the minute -- a manifestation of the compulsive tendency to keep control over their environment and to dislike unpredictable things as things they can not control . The cause of OCPD is unknown . This is a distinct disorder from obsessive -- compulsive disorder ( OCD ) , and the relation between the two is contentious . Some ( but not all ) studies have found high comorbidity rates between the two disorders , and both may share outside similaritiesrigid and ritual-like behaviors , for example . Hoarding , orderliness , and a need for symmetry and organization are often seen in people with either disorder . Attitudes toward these behaviors differ between people affected with either of the disorders : for people with OCD , these behaviors are unwanted and seen as unhealthy , being the product of anxiety-inducing and involuntary thoughts , while for people with OCPD they are egosyntonic ( that is , they are perceived by the subject as rational and desirable ) , being the result of , for example , a strong adherence to routines , a natural inclination towards cautiousness , or a desire to achieve perfection . OCPD occurs in about 2 -- 8 % of the general population and 8 -- 9 % of psychiatric outpatients . The disorder occurs more often in men .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Management_of_cerebral_palsy", "score": 0.654899537563324, "text": "Over time , the approach to cerebral palsy management has shifted away from narrow attempts to fix individual physical problems such as spasticity in a particular limb to making such treatments part of a larger goal of maximizing the person 's independence and community engagement . Much of childhood therapy is aimed at improving gait and walking . Approximately 60 % of people with CP are able to walk independently or with aids at adulthood . However , the evidence base for the effectiveness of intervention programs reflecting the philosophy of independence has not yet caught up : effective interventions for body structures and functions have a strong evidence base , but evidence is lacking for effective interventions targeted toward participation , environment , or personal factors . There is also no good evidence to show that an intervention that is effective at the body-specific level will result in an improvement at the activity level , or vice versa . Although such cross-over benefit might happen , not enough high-quality studies have been done to demonstrate it . Because cerebral palsy has `` varying severity and complexity '' across the lifespan , a multidisciplinary approach for cerebral palsy management is recommended , focusing on `` maximising individual function , choice and independence '' in line with the International Classification of Functioning , Disability and Health 's goals . The team may include a paediatrician , a health visitor , a social worker , a physiotherapist , an orthotist , a speech and language therapist , an occupational therapist , a teacher specialising in helping children with visual impairment , an educational psychologist , an orthopaedic surgeon , a neurologist and a neurosurgeon . Various forms of therapy are available to people living with cerebral palsy as well as caregivers and parents . Treatment may include one or more of the following : physical therapy ; occupational therapy ; speech therapy ; water therapy ; drugs to control seizures , alleviate pain , or relax muscle spasms ( e.g. benzodiazepines ) ; surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities or release tight muscles ; braces and other orthotic devices ; rolling walkers ; and communication aids such as computers with attached voice synthesisers . Many of the therapies used to treat CP have no good evidence base . The treatments with the best evidence are medications ( anticonvulsants , botulinum toxin , bisphosphonates , diazepam ) , therapy ( bimanual training , casting , constraint-induced movement therapy , context-focused therapy , fitness training , goal-directed training , hip surveillance , home programmes , occupational therapy after botulinum toxin , pressure care ) and surgery ( selective dorsal rhizotomy ) .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Ceruloplasmin", "score": 0.6529892086982727, "text": "Ceruloplasmin ( or caeruloplasmin ) is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CP gene . Ceruloplasmin is the major copper-carrying protein in the blood , and in addition plays a role in iron metabolism . It was first described in 1948 . Another protein , hephaestin , is noted for its homology to ceruloplasmin , and also participates in iron and probably copper metabolism .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "List_of_people_who_have_expressed_views_relating_to_overpopulation_as_a_problem", "score": 0.6498456597328186, "text": "The people in this list have expressed concerns about human overpopulation .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Gender_differences_in_stroke_care", "score": 0.6476337313652039, "text": "This article describes disparities existing between men and women in accessing and receiving care for a stroke . This article also describes factors outside of the health care system which contribute to this disparity .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Current_Population_Survey", "score": 0.6469817161560059, "text": "The Current Population Survey ( CPS ) is a monthly survey of about 60,000 U.S. households conducted monthly by the United States Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics ( BLS ) . The BLS uses the data to publish reports early each month called the Employment Situation . This report provides estimates of the unemployment rate and the numbers of employed and unemployed people in the United States based on the CPS . A readable Employment Situation Summary is provided monthly . Annual estimates include employment and unemployment in large metropolitan areas . Researchers can use some CPS microdata to investigate these or other topics . The survey asks about the employment status of each member of the household 15 years of age or older as of the calendar week containing the 12th day of the month . Based on responses to questions on work and job search activities , each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed , unemployed , or not in the labor force . The CPS began in 1940 , and responsibility for conducting the CPS was given to the Census Bureau in 1942 . In 1994 the CPS was redesigned . CPS is a survey that is : employment-focused , enumerator-conducted , continuous , and cross-sectional . The BLS increased the sample size by 10,000 as of July 2001 . The sample represents the civilian noninstitutional population .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Center_for_the_Prevention_of_Suicide", "score": 0.6467419862747192, "text": "The Center for the Prevention of Suicide ( CPS ) is a unit of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania . It was founded to further therapies for the prevention of suicide attempts in high risk populations and conduct related research such as identifying suicide risk factors and correlates .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Chronic_bee_paralysis_virus", "score": 0.646710991859436, "text": "Chronic bee paralysis virus , abbreviated as CBPV , affects adult honey bees and causes a contagious case of chronic paralysis which can easily spread to other members of a colony . Symptoms include trembling of wings and body , loss of flight , loss of hair , and rejection by healthy members of the colony . Bees infected with CBPV die within a few days and is a factor in the loss of honeybee colonies . Although CBPV infects mainly adult bees , the virus may also deal damage to bees in all developmental stages , though developing bees contained significantly lower amounts of the virus compared to their adult counterparts . Death with regards to infected developing bees and brood losses are either low or nonexistent as well . Bees that have been infected with CBPV may house millions of viral particles , with half of them concentrated in the head region , allowing it to cause symptoms similar to diseases relating to nervous system damage . In fact , viral particles have been found to concentrate in two centers ; mushroom bodies involved in sensory processing , memory , learning , and motor control as well as the center dealing with locomotive control , behavior and orientation , and arousal. ,", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "United_Cerebral_Palsy", "score": 0.6450062990188599, "text": "United Cerebral Palsy ( UCP ) is an international nonprofit charitable organization consisting of a network of affiliates . UCP is a leading service provider and advocate for adults and children with disabilities . As one of the largest health nonprofits in the United States , the UCP mission is to advance the independence , productivity and full citizenship of people with disabilities through an affiliate network .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Chronic_subjective_dizziness", "score": 0.6433703303337097, "text": "The term chronic subjective dizziness ( CSD ) is used to describe a commonly encountered type of dizziness that is not easily categorized into one of several other types , and for which the physical examination is typically normal . Patients with CSD frequently initially suffer a sudden injury of some sort to their vestibular system , the neurologic network that preserves sense of balance . Even after this initial injury has healed , people with CSD usually describe a vague sense of unsteadiness worsened by triggers in their environment such as high places , standing on moving objects , or standing in motion-rich environments like busy streets or crowds . There is a clear indication that anxiety and other mental illnesses play a role in the dizziness symptoms that occur with CSD . Scientists around the world have proposed renaming CSD as Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness ( PPPD ) which better captures the multiple aspects of the condition under its title . It is under that title The World Health Organization has included PPPD in its draft list of diagnoses to be included to the next edition of the International Classification of Diseases ( ICD-11 ) in 2017 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "CP2_(classification)", "score": 0.6425042152404785, "text": "CP2 is a disability sport classification specific to cerebral palsy . In many sports , it is grouped inside other classifications to allow people with cerebral palsy to compete against people with other different disabilities but the same level of functionality . People in this class tend to use electric wheelchairs and are quadriplegic . CP2 competitors have better upper body control when compared to CP1 . Elite sports open to CP2 classified athletes include athletics , boccia , cycling , race running , slalom , swimming , lawn bowls and archery . In some of these sports , different classification systems or names for CP2 are used . When they go through classification , CP2 people need to use a wheelchair .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Major_depressive_disorder", "score": 0.6421549916267395, "text": "Major depressive disorder ( MDD ) , also known simply as depression , is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations . It is often accompanied by low self-esteem , loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities , low energy , and pain without a clear cause . People may also occasionally have false beliefs or see or hear things that others can not . Some people have periods of depression separated by years in which they are normal while others nearly always have symptoms present . Major depressive disorder can negatively affect a person 's personal , work , or school life , as well as sleeping , eating habits , and general health . Between 2 -- 7 % of adults with major depression die by suicide , and up to 60 % of people who die by suicide had depression or another mood disorder . The cause is believed to be a combination of genetic , environmental , and psychological factors . Risk factors include a family history of the condition , major life changes , certain medications , chronic health problems , and substance abuse . About 40 % of the risk appears to be related to genetics . The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the person 's reported experiences and a mental status examination . There is no laboratory test for major depression . Testing , however , may be done to rule out physical conditions that can cause similar symptoms . Major depression should be differentiated from sadness which is a normal part of life and is less severe . The United States Preventive Services Task Force ( USPSTF ) recommends screening for depression among those over the age 12 , while a prior Cochrane review found that the routine use of screening questionnaires have little effect on detection or treatment . Typically , people are treated with counseling and antidepressant medication . Medication appears to be effective , but the effect may only be significant in the most severely depressed . It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide . Types of counseling used include cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) and interpersonal therapy . If other measures are not effective electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ) may be tried . Hospitalization may be necessary in cases with a risk of harm to self and may occasionally occur against a person 's wishes . Major depressive disorder affected approximately 216 million people ( 3 % of the world 's population ) in 2015 . The percentage of people who are affected at one point in their life varies from 7 % in Japan to 21 % in France . Lifetime rates are higher in the developed world ( 15 % ) compared to the developing world ( 11 % ) . It causes the second most years lived with disability after low back pain . The most common time of onset is in a person in their 20s and 30s . Females are affected about twice as often as males . The American Psychiatric Association added `` major depressive disorder '' to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-III ) in 1980 . It was a split of the previous depressive neurosis in the DSM-II which also encompassed the conditions now known as dysthymia and adjustment disorder with depressed mood . Those currently or previously affected may be stigmatized .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Neuroplastic_effects_of_pollution", "score": 0.6413200497627258, "text": "Research indicates that living in areas of high pollution has serious long term health effects . Living in these areas during childhood and adolescence can lead to diminished mental capacity and an increased risk of brain damage . People of all ages who live in high pollution areas for extended periods place themselves at increased risk of various neurological disorders . Both air pollution and heavy metal pollution have been implicated as having negative effects on central nervous system ( CNS ) functionality . The ability of pollutants to affect the neurophysiology of individuals after the structure of the CNS has become mostly stabilized is an example of negative neuroplasticity .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Disability_publications_in_the_U.S.", "score": 0.640823483467102, "text": "In the early 20th century , having a disabling condition was still a source of social stigma and people with disabilities were excluded from many of the activities of U.S. society , including participation in the creation of popular culture via creative writing or reportage . People with disabilities had no control over their depiction in media run by , and catering to , the non-disabled majority and were generally represented by inaccurate and denigrating stereotypes , including well-meant but patronizing characterizations . This inability to speak for themselves , particularly on public policy issues directly affecting them , motivated different groups representing people with particular disabilities to begin their own publications .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
58943
Alfred Hitchcock is a person.
[ { "id": "Alfred_Hitchcock", "score": 0.7652326822280884, "text": "Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock ( 13 August 1899 -- 29 April 1980 ) was an English film director and producer , at times referred to as `` The Master of Suspense '' . He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres . He had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as England 's best director . Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939 , and became a U.S. citizen in 1955 . Hitchcock became a highly visible public figure through interviews , movie trailers , cameo appearances in his own films , and the ten years in which he hosted the television programme Alfred Hitchcock Presents ( 1955 -- 1965 ) . He also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style . Hitchcock 's stylistic trademarks include the use of camera movement that mimics a person 's gaze , forcing viewers to engage in a form of voyeurism . In addition , he framed shots to maximise anxiety , fear , or empathy , and used innovative forms of film editing . His work often features fugitives on the run alongside `` icy blonde '' female characters . In 1978 , film critic John Russell Taylor described Hitchcock as `` the most universally recognizable person in the world '' , and `` a straightforward middle-class Englishman who just happened to be an artistic genius '' . Prior to 1980 , there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film . Critic Roger Ebert wrote : `` Other British directors like Sir Carol Reed and Sir Charlie Chaplin were knighted years ago , while Hitchcock , universally considered by film students to be one of the greatest filmmakers of all time , was passed over '' . Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours . Hitchcock directed more than fifty feature films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history . Following a 2007 critics ' poll by Britain 's Daily Telegraph in which he was ranked Britain 's greatest filmmaker , one scholar wrote : `` Hitchcock did more than any director to shape modern cinema , which would be utterly different without him . His flair was for narrative , cruelly withholding crucial information ( from his characters and from the audience ) and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else . '' Hitchcock 's first thriller , The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog ( 1926 ) , helped shape the thriller genre in film . His 1929 film , Blackmail , is often cited as the first British sound feature film , while Rear Window ( 1954 ) , Vertigo ( 1958 ) , North by Northwest ( 1959 ) , and Psycho ( 1960 ) are regularly ranked among the greatest films of all time ." } ]
[ { "id": "Alfred_Hitchcock_bibliography", "score": 0.713356614112854, "text": "A list of books and essays about Alfred Hitchcock :", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Hitchcock_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.7005141377449036, "text": "Alfred Hitchcock ( 1899 -- 1980 ) was an English film director . Hitchcock may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Hitchcock_(film)", "score": 0.6955662965774536, "text": "Hitchcock is a 2012 American biographical drama film directed by Sacha Gervasi , based on Stephen Rebello 's non-fiction book Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho . The film was released in selected cities on November 23 , 2012 , with a worldwide release on December 14 , 2012 . Hitchcock centers on the relationship between film director Alfred Hitchcock ( Anthony Hopkins ) and his wife Alma Reville ( Helen Mirren ) during the making of Psycho , a controversial horror film that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker 's career .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Mystery_film", "score": 0.6933436989784241, "text": "Mystery film is a genre of film that revolves around the solution of a problem or a crime . It focuses on the efforts of the detective , private investigator or amateur sleuth to solve the mysterious circumstances of an issue by means of clues , investigation , and clever deduction . The plot often centers on the deductive ability , prowess , confidence , or diligence of the detective as they attempt to unravel the crime or situation by piecing together clues and circumstances , seeking evidence , interrogating witnesses , and tracking down a criminal . Suspense is often maintained as an important plot element . This can be done through the use of the soundtrack , camera angles , heavy shadows , and surprising plot twists . Alfred Hitchcock used all of these techniques , but would sometimes allow the audience in on a pending threat then draw out the moment for dramatic effect . This genre has ranged from early mystery tales , fictional or literary detective stories , to classic Hitchcockian suspense-thrillers to classic private detective films . A related film subgenre is spy films .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "List_of_Alfred_Hitchcock_cameo_appearances", "score": 0.6931009888648987, "text": "English film director Alfred Hitchcock made cameo appearances in 39 of his 52 surviving major films ( his second film , The Mountain Eagle , is lost ) . For the films in which he appeared , he would be seen for a brief moment in a non-speaking part in boarding a bus , crossing in front of a building , standing in an apartment across the courtyard , or even appearing in a newspaper photograph ( as seen in the film Lifeboat , which otherwise provided no other opportunity for him to appear ) . This playful gesture became one of Hitchcock 's signatures ; and fans would make sport of trying to spot his cameos . As a recurring theme , he would carry a musical instrument -- especially memorable was the double bass case that he wrestles onto the train at the beginning of Strangers on a Train . In his earliest appearances , he filled in as an obscure extra in crowds or walking through scenes in long camera shots . His later appearances became more prominent , such as when he turns to see Jane Wyman 's disguise as she passes him in Stage Fright , and in stark silhouette in his final film Family Plot . His appearances became so popular that he began to make them earlier in his films so as not to distract the audience from the plot . Hitchcock confirms this in extended interviews with François Truffaut , and indeed the majority of his appearances occur within the first half-hour of his films . Hitchcock 's longest cameo appearances are in his British films Blackmail and Young and Innocent . He appears in all 30 features from Rebecca ( his first American film ) onward ; before his move to Hollywood , he only occasionally performed cameos .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Identification_(literature)", "score": 0.6846276521682739, "text": "Identification is a term used in literary and film studies to describe a psychological relationship between the reader of a novel and a character in the book , or between a spectator in the audience and a character on screen . In both cases , readers and spectators see themselves in the fictional character . Identification is usually supposed to be largely unconscious : a reader may be aware that she likes a given character , but not that she actually sees that character as an alter ego , a version of her , or a projection of her aspirations for herself . It would be a mistake to think all heroes foster identification , or that all villains inhibit identification -- many , perhaps even most , characters elicit some degree of identification on the part of the reader or spectator . In film , Alfred Hitchcock exploited the traits of casual identification with specific moments , even when the character was villainous . In Psycho ( 1960 ) , Hitchcock explained that as the character Norman Bates ( Anthony Perkins ) was disposing of the car containing Marion Crane 's body in a swamp , for a brief moment he had the car stop sinking . `` When Perkins is looking at the car sinking in the pond ... the public are thinking , ' I hope it goes all the way down ! ' It 's a natural instinct . ''", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Alfred_Hitchcock", "score": 0.6845661401748657, "text": "The following is a list of awards and nominations received by English film director and producer Sir Alfred Hitchcock , chronicling his achievements in the film industry . The six-times Academy Awards-nominee and four times the Emmy Awards demonstrably won eight Golden Laurel Awards , two Golden Globes , the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award , the AFI Life Achievement Award , the Directors Guild of America Award , the Film Society of Lincoln Center 's Gala Tribute Award , the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Award , the New York Film Critics Circle Award , and the Saturn Award . In England , Hitchcock was honored by the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award and made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire by the Queen Elizabeth II . Apart from his three Cannes Film Festival nominations , he also received two Silver Shell Awards at San Sebastián International Film Festival in Spain , the Jussi Award in Finland , the Kinema Junpo Award in Japan , the Mention Award at Locarno International Film Festival in Switzerland , and at Venice Film Festival in Italy a Golden Lion nomination . In addition , six of movies directed by Hitchcock were inducted into the National Film Registry and four of them are listed in the American Film Institute list of the 100 greatest American movies of all time ( along with Vertigo , which was ranked as the Best Mystery Movie Ever ) . Two other his pictures entered the list of the 100 Greatest British Films of the 20th Century , released by British Film Institute in UK .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Rope_(film)", "score": 0.6774067878723145, "text": "Rope is a 1948 American film noir psychological crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , based on the 1929 play of the same name by Patrick Hamilton , and adapted by Hume Cronyn and Arthur Laurents . The film was produced by Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein as the first of their Transatlantic Pictures productions . Starring James Stewart , John Dall and Farley Granger , this is the first of Hitchcock 's Technicolor films , and is notable for taking place in real time and being edited so as to appear as a single continuous shot through the use of long takes . It is the second of Hitchcock 's `` limited setting '' films , the first being Lifeboat . The original play was said to be inspired by the real-life murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks in 1924 by University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Alfred_Hitchcock's_Mystery_Magazine", "score": 0.6741883754730225, "text": "Alfred Hitchcock 's Mystery Magazine ( AHMM ) is a monthly digest size fiction magazine specializing in crime and detective fiction . AHMM is named for Alfred Hitchcock , the famed director of suspense films and television .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Harold_Hitchcock", "score": 0.6727983951568604, "text": "Harold Hitchcock ( 23 May 1914 - 8 August 2009 ) was an English visionary landscape artist .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_unproduced_Hitchcock_projects", "score": 0.6692491173744202, "text": "The following is a partial list of unproduced Hitchcock projects , in roughly chronological order . During a career that spanned more than half a century , Alfred Hitchcock directed over fifty films , and worked on a number of others which never made it beyond the pre-production stage .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Suspicion_(1941_film)", "score": 0.6670684218406677, "text": "Suspicion ( 1941 ) is a romantic psychological thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock , and starring Cary Grant and Joan Fontaine as a married couple . It also stars Sir Cedric Hardwicke , Nigel Bruce , Dame May Whitty , Isabel Jeans , Heather Angel , and Leo G. Carroll . Suspicion is based on Francis Iles 's novel Before the Fact ( 1932 ) . For her role as Lina , Joan Fontaine won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 1941 . This is the only Oscar-winning performance in a Hitchcock film . In the film , a shy spinster runs off with a charming playboy , who turns out to be penniless , a gambler , and dishonest in the extreme . She comes to suspect that he is also a murderer , and that he is attempting to kill her .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Number_13_(film)", "score": 0.6633137464523315, "text": "In 1922 , Alfred Hitchcock obtained his first shot at directing for Gainsborough Pictures with the film Number 13 ( or Mrs. Peabody ) . Clare Greet and Ernest Thesiger were to star as husband and wife . The story was about low-income residents of a building , financed by The Peabody Trust , founded by American banker-philanthropist George Foster Peabody , to offer affordable housing to needy Londoners . However , the film 's budget fell apart , and it was pulled from production after only a handful of scenes were shot . Hitchcock rarely , if ever , spoke about his first directing project , until his biographer , Donald Spoto , asked him about life in the early twenties , and his first films . On one occasion , he said that it was a `` somewhat chastening experience '' . As with Hitchcock 's later lost film The Mountain Eagle , footage from Number 13 has become widely sought after by film historians and collectors without success .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Suspense", "score": 0.6609838008880615, "text": "Suspense is a feeling of pleasurable fascination and excitement mixed with apprehension , tension , and anxiety developed from an unpredictable , mysterious , and rousing source of entertainment . The term most often refers to an audience 's perceptions in a dramatic work . Suspense is not exclusive to fiction . It may operate whenever there is a perceived suspended drama or a chain of cause is left in doubt , with tension being a primary emotion felt as part of the situation . In the kind of suspense described by film director Alfred Hitchcock , an audience experiences suspense when they expect something bad to happen and have ( or believe they have ) a superior perspective on events in the drama 's hierarchy of knowledge , yet they are powerless to intervene to prevent it from happening . Films having a lot of suspense belong in the thriller genre . In broader definition of suspense , this emotion arises when someone is aware of his lack of knowledge about the development of a meaningful event ; thus , suspense is a combination of anticipation and uncertainty dealing with the obscurity of the future . In terms of narrative expectations , it may be contrasted with mystery or curiosity and surprise . Suspense could however be some small event in a person 's life , such as a child anticipating an answer to a request they 've made , such as , `` May I get the kitty ? '' Therefore , suspense may be experienced to different degrees .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Philip_Coolidge", "score": 0.658233642578125, "text": "Philip Coolidge ( August 5 , 1908 -- May 23 , 1967 ) was an American film and stage actor best known for his numerous appearances in Alfred Hitchcock 's films .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "George_Hitchcock_(poet)", "score": 0.6556884050369263, "text": "George Parks Hitchcock ( June 2 , 1914 -- August 27 , 2010 ) was an American actor , poet , playwright , teacher , labor activist , publisher , and painter . He is best known for creating Kayak , a poetry magazine that he published as a one-man operation from 1964 to 1984 . Equally important , Hitchcock published writers under the `` Kayak '' imprint including the first two books by Charles Simic , second books by Philip Levine and Raymond Carver , translations by W.S. Merwin , and early books by Robert Bly and James Tate .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Foreign_Correspondent_(film)", "score": 0.6554872393608093, "text": "Foreign Correspondent ( a.k.a. Imposter and Personal History ) is a 1940 American spy thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock . It tells the story of an American reporter who tries to expose enemy spies in Britain who are involved in a fictional continent-wide conspiracy in the prelude to World War II . It stars Joel McCrea and features 19-year old Laraine Day , Herbert Marshall , George Sanders , Albert Bassermann , and Robert Benchley , along with Edmund Gwenn . Foreign Correspondent was Hitchcock 's second Hollywood production after leaving the United Kingdom in 1939 ( the first was Rebecca ) and had an unusually large number of writers : Robert Benchley , Charles Bennett , Harold Clurman , Joan Harrison , Ben Hecht , James Hilton , John Howard Lawson , John Lee Mahin , Richard Maibaum , and Budd Schulberg , with Bennett , Benchley , Harrison , and Hilton the only writers credited in the finished film . It was based on Vincent Sheean 's political memoir Personal History ( 1935 ) , the rights to which were purchased by producer Walter Wanger for $ 10,000 . The film was one of two Hitchcock films nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1941 , the other being Rebecca , which went on to win the award . Foreign Correspondent was nominated for six Academy Awards , including one for Albert Bassermann for Best Supporting Actor , but did not win any Academy Awards .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Rebecca_(1940_film)", "score": 0.6548523902893066, "text": "Rebecca is a 1940 American psychological thriller-mystery film directed by Alfred Hitchcock . It was Hitchcock 's first American project , and his first film produced under contract with David O. Selznick . The film 's screenplay was a version by Joan Harrison and Robert E. Sherwood based on Philip MacDonald and Michael Hogan 's adaptation of Daphne du Maurier 's 1938 novel Rebecca . The film was produced by Selznick and stars Laurence Olivier as the brooding aristocratic widower Maxim de Winter and Joan Fontaine as the young woman who becomes his second wife , with Judith Anderson and George Sanders . The film is shot in black-and-white , and is a gothic tale . Maxim de Winter 's first wife Rebecca , who died before the story starts , is never seen . Her reputation and others ' recollections about her , however , are a constant presence in the lives of Maxim , his new young second wife , and the housekeeper Danvers . Rebecca won two Academy Awards , Outstanding Production and Cinematography , out of a total 11 nominations . Olivier , Fontaine and Anderson were all Oscar nominated for their respective roles . However , since 1936 ( when awards for actors in supporting roles were first introduced ) , Rebecca is the only film that , despite winning Best Picture , received no Academy Award for acting , directing or writing . Rebecca was the opening film at the 1st Berlin International Film Festival in 1951 .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Edward_Griffin_Hitchcock", "score": 0.6544597744941711, "text": "Edward Griffin `` Holy Terror '' Hitchcock ( January 20 , 1837 -- October 9 , 1898 ) was a law enforcement officer in the Kingdom of Hawaii , who rose to the position of Marshal of the Republic of Hawaii .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Dial_M_for_Murder", "score": 0.6538563370704651, "text": "Dial M for Murder is a 1954 American crime mystery film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , starring Ray Milland , Grace Kelly , Robert Cummings and John Williams . It was filmed in 3-D with the technology that was available at the time , and is often considered one of the greatest 3D films ever made . The screenplay and the successful stage play on which it was based were written by English playwright Frederick Knott . The play premiered in 1952 on BBC Television , before being performed on stage in the same year in London 's West End in June , and then New York 's Broadway in October . The movie was released by Warner Bros. , though due to the then waning popularity of 3D films , it was converted to 2D , and only showed in its native 3D format in a small handful of cinemas .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
168445
Julius Caesar is only a book.
[ { "id": "Julius_Caesar_(1953_film)", "score": 0.6372970938682556, "text": "Julius Caesar is a 1953 epic Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation of the play by Shakespeare , directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz , who also wrote the uncredited screenplay , and produced by John Houseman . The original music score is by Miklós Rózsa . The film stars Marlon Brando as Mark Antony , James Mason as Brutus , John Gielgud as Cassius , Louis Calhern as Julius Caesar , Edmond O'Brien as Casca , Greer Garson as Calpurnia , and Deborah Kerr as Portia ." } ]
[ { "id": "General_Antonidus", "score": 0.6051275730133057, "text": "General Antonidus is a fictive character in Conn Iggulden 's best-sellings Emperor book series . In the series , he is an optimate-party general supporting Sulla in the Servilian war . In the first book , Gates of Rome , the general is - though not given a role - a probably supporting general of the grand-general Sulla of the Roman conservatives , fighting the populares led by Cinna and Gaius Marius , the latter of whose sister 's son ( in reality wife 's brother 's son ) was no other than Julius Caesar , then a teenager . Sulla arranged games and soon rose to consul , the second most powerful title in the Roman Republic , held by two men and the most powerful in peace . However , Sulla got in conflict with his co-consul Marius and was - after various intrigues and fightings - sent to Greece to fight Mithridates VI of Pontus . He had bribed senators to choose Marius ' Primigenia legion to send , but with a few votes Marius won by selling his house and `` outbribing '' Sulla , he was sent away with Antonidus and their Second Aulelia legion instead . However , the military mastermind Sulla left soldiers inside Rome itself before marching . Fighting Mithridates ( less than 20,000 soldiers clashed in battle ) he won , and calmly returned to fight Marius in the battle of the Gates of Rome , where Marius was assassinated and the city with its empire conquered by Sulla , Antonidus and the conservatives . After banishing Caesar but sparing his life ( claiming he did n't have to kill him , and then it would just be foolish to do so , indeed showing a bit of scruples in the otherwise so merciless ruler ) . In the sequel Death of Kings , Antonidus plays a central role . He accompanies Sulla as the womanizing and alcoholic ruler is poisoned , an act of Tubruk , Caesar 's and Brutus ' earlier guardian when they were children ( they are similar age in the novels , though Brutus were fifteen years younger and sometimes claimed to be Caesar 's son - though unlikely - in reality ) . Antonidus partly takes over the power after the death of his master , but can not prevent a bit of anarchy , though the dictatorship placing optimates in power was abolished . Upon Caesar 's return to Rome ( when he was about 25 years old ) after fighting pirates in the Mediterranean , Antonidus blames him for acting without permission and murdering a Roman soldier in Libya . Antonidus and his supporter , the conservative Cato the younger is , however , pressured down by Pompey , as Antonidus and Cato had acted together in a plot where Cato hired an assassin to kill a loved one of all those believed by them to be involved in the Sulla assassination , as an act of revenge , but mostly to recognize and try to get out the real mastermind behind the assassination . Not able to guess at all the truth , the daughter of Pompey Magnus is killed , he himself then supports Caesar as Antonidus and Cato opposes his acts , where he once for all ( ironically , as Caesar worshipped his uncle Marius and hated Sulla ) finished Sulla 's work , defeating Mithridates as he made rebellion again , Mithridates dying in the battle and handed over to Roman authorities for burial by cremation . This is , in Iggulden 's novel ( though not historical accurate , supporting the thrilling plot ) , the first reason why Pompey and Caesar become friends . Pompey is also a close friend of Crassus , populare and the richest man in Rome . As the ( implied to be ) leper assassin paid by Cato is planning to murder Crassus ' wife , Antonidus visits him and tells him to take `` the other '' , aiming Caesar 's loved and beautiful wife Cornelia , the daughter of Cinna , who earlier fought the conservatives with Marius . After Sulla 's victory , the house of Marius was given to Antonidus , who now resides there , in Caesar 's eyes illegally . Caesar smuggles weapons into the city and seizes the house , by arms but without blood . Antonidus is furious and has Caesar brought to court . Caesar has a magnificent speech , putting the people ( who rather likes a populare than an optimate as Antonidus ) on his side . However , Antonidus has the best arguments and hired lawyers , making the first two judges vote for him . The third and last rises , superior he puts in his veto for Caesar and thereby saves him from decapitation , and since Antonidus has lived in the house now declared to having belonged to Caesar for the last years Caesar demands to be paid as a landlord . Antonidus , lacking the resources paying for an extremely large and luxury house for almost ten years ( having it bought rather than given , for ten denarii , about a dollar 2006 ) is sold as a slave , begging Cato for money but refused . He is then put on a farm in northern Italy , slaving for a rich lord in a garden . Then , suddenly he is saved when Spartacus with 80,000 slaves seizes parts of Italy , and Spartacus himself frees Antonidus in the yard . Not knowing who he had been ( or not caring ) he lets Antonidus have `` an hour or two - alone - with the lord and his daughters '' , who were taken prisoners , presumably raping the daughters and maybe - but probably not - killing his lord . He then accompanied Spartacus when Crixus convinced him of that they should stay in Italy now when they were so successful , sacking and plundering , rather than escape to the free Gaul and Germania . Spartacus is convinced , and the slave army is led to Calabria where Crassus has them shut in with a wall to starve them . Spartacus hires pirates to transport them to Sicily , by the historians to create a slaveless independent state there , a sanctuary for his tens of thousands of men , but the pirates are defeated by Pompey 's navy ( while Caesar 's wife and Tubruk are killed , Crassus later defeats the slave army and Spartacus is killed , Pompey tracks down the leper assassin and has him see his daughters die and then kills him in a personal vendetta , then has Cato executed , but in the last moment he slashes his own throat with a concealed knife ) . Antonidus however escapes during the naval battle on board a ship with the gold reserve of Spartacus , supposedly living rich in Algeria for the rest of his life . Antonidus Antonidus", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "The_Gates_of_Rome", "score": 0.6029027700424194, "text": "The Gates Of Rome is the first novel in the Emperor series , written by author Conn Iggulden . The series is historical fiction following the life of Julius Caesar .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Triumphs_of_Caesar_(Mantegna)", "score": 0.6026768088340759, "text": "The Triumphs of Caesar are a series of nine large paintings created by the Italian Renaissance artist Andrea Mantegna between 1484 and 1492 for the Gonzaga Ducal Palace , Mantua . They depict a triumphal military parade celebrating the victory of Julius Caesar in the Gallic Wars . Acknowledged from the time of Mantegna as his greatest masterpiece , they remain the most complete pictorial representation of a Roman triumph ever attempted and together they form the world 's largest metric area of renaissance paintings outside Italy . Acquired by Charles I in 1629 , they now form part of the Royal Collection at Hampton Court Palace in Greater London . Originally painted in the fragile medium of egg and glue tempera on canvas , the paintings underwent successive repaintings and restorations through the centuries .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Cassius_Dio", "score": 0.6010581851005554, "text": "Cassius Dio or Dio Cassius ( -LSB- ˈkæʃəs_ˈdiːoʊ -RSB- ) was a Roman statesman and historian of Greek origin . He published 80 volumes of history on Ancient Rome , beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy . The volumes documented the subsequent founding of Rome ( 753 BC ) , the formation of the Republic ( 509 BC ) , and the creation of the Empire ( 31 BC ) , up until 229 AD . Written in Ancient Greek over 22 years , Dio 's work covers approximately 1,000 years of history . Many of his 80 books have survived intact , or as fragments , providing modern scholars with a detailed perspective on Roman history .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Marcus_Junius_Brutus_(Rome_character)", "score": 0.6010580658912659, "text": "Marcus Junius Brutus is a historical figure who features as a character in the HBO/BBC2 original television series Rome , played by Tobias Menzies . He is depicted as a young man torn between what he believes is right , and his loyalty and love of a man who has been like a father to him . The real Marcus Junius Brutus was the most famous of Julius Caesar 's assassins , and one of the key figures in the civil wars that followed the assassination .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Augustus_(Williams_novel)", "score": 0.6001530289649963, "text": "Augustus is an epistolary , historical fiction by John Williams published by Viking Press in 1972 . It tells the story of Augustus , emperor of Rome , from his youth through old age . -LSB- 1 -RSB- The book is divided into two parts , the beginning chronicling his rise to power , the latter describing his rule thereafter , and the familial problems faced choosing a successor . Williams and Augustus shared the 1973 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction with John Barth and Chimera , the first time the award was split , and the only of William 's four novels to receive significant acclaim within his lifetime .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Gaius_Oppius", "score": 0.5993682742118835, "text": "Gaius Oppius was an intimate friend of Julius Caesar . He managed the dictator 's private affairs during his absence from Rome , and , together with Lucius Cornelius Balbus , exercised considerable influence in the city . It was reported that Oppius dined with Caesar , Sallust , Hirtius , Balbus and Sulpicus Rufus on the night after his famous crossing over the Rubicon river into Italy January 10 . According to Suetonius ( Caesar , 56 ) , many authorities considered Oppius to have written the histories of the Spanish , African and Alexandrian wars which were published as the works of Caesar himself . It is now generally held that he may possibly have written the account of the Alexandrian war ( although the claims of Hirtius are considered stronger ) , but certainly not those of the Spanish and the African wars , although Niebuhr confidently assigned the Bellum Africanum to him . The writer of these latter accounts took an actual part in the wars they described , whereas Oppius was in Rome at the time . Oppius also wrote a life of Caesar and the elder Scipio . After Caesar 's death Oppius apparently wrote a pamphlet attempting to prove that Caesarion , Cleopatra 's son , was not actually fathered by Caesar as she claimed .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Gallic_Wars", "score": 0.5989441871643066, "text": "The Gallic Wars were a series of military campaigns waged by the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar against several Gallic tribes . Rome 's war against the Gallic tribes lasted from 58 BC to 50 BC and culminated in the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC , in which a complete Roman victory resulted in the expansion of the Roman Republic over the whole of Gaul ( mainly present-day France and Belgium ) . While militarily just as strong as the Romans , the internal division between the Gallic tribes helped ease victory for Caesar , and Vercingetorix 's attempt to unite the Gauls against Roman invasion came too late . The wars paved the way for Julius Caesar to become the sole ruler of the Roman Republic . Although Caesar portrayed this invasion as being a preemptive and defensive action , most historians agree that the wars were fought primarily to boost Caesar 's political career and to pay off his massive debts . Still , Gaul was of significant military importance to the Romans , as they had been attacked several times by native tribes both indigenous to Gaul and farther to the north . Conquering Gaul allowed Rome to secure the natural border of the river Rhine . The Gallic Wars are described by Julius Caesar in his book Commentarii de Bello Gallico , which remains the most important historical source regarding the conflict .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Caesar_and_Cleopatra_(play)", "score": 0.5986309051513672, "text": "Caesar and Cleopatra is a play written in 1898 by George Bernard Shaw that depicts a fictionalized account of the relationship between Julius Caesar and Cleopatra . It was first published with Captain Brassbound 's Conversion and The Devil 's Disciple in Shaw 's 1901 collection Three Plays for Puritans . It was first performed in a single staged reading at Newcastle upon Tyne on 15 March 1899 , to secure the copyright . The play was produced in New York in 1906 and in London at the Savoy Theatre in 1907 .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Anticato", "score": 0.5983567237854004, "text": "The Anticato ( sometimes Anti-Cato ; Latin : Anticatones ) was a polemic written by Julius Caesar in hostile reply to Cicero 's pamphlet praising Cato the Younger . The text is lost and survives only in fragments . Brutus , dissatisfied with Cicero 's work , wrote a second pamphlet in praise of Cato and called , simply , `` Cato , '' which provoked a reply from Octavian . Octavian 's work is not known to have been called Anticato but must have been modeled on Caesar 's reply to Cicero .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Literature", "score": 0.5965818762779236, "text": "Literature , in its broadest sense , is any single body of written works . More restrictively , literature is writing that is considered to be an art form , or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value , often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage . Its Latin root literatura/litteratura ( derived itself from littera : letter or handwriting ) was used to refer to all written accounts , though contemporary definitions extend the term to include texts that are spoken or sung ( oral literature ) . Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose ; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel , short story or drama ; and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations ( genre ) . The concept has changed meaning over time : nowadays it can broaden to have non-written verbal art forms , and thus it is difficult to agree on its origin , which can be paired with that of language or writing itself . Developments in print technology have allowed an evergrowing distribution and proliferation of written works , culminating in electronic literature .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Gaius_Cassius_Longinus", "score": 0.5963793396949768, "text": "Gaius Cassius Longinus ( -LSB- ˈgaː.i.ʊs ˈkas.si.ʊs ˈlɔŋ.gɪ.nʊs -RSB- ; October 3 , before 85 BC -- October 3 , 42 BC ) was a Roman senator , a leading instigator of the plot to kill Julius Caesar , and the brother in-law of Marcus Junius Brutus . He commanded troops with Brutus during the Battle of Philippi against the combined forces of Mark Antony and Octavian , Caesar 's former supporters , and committed suicide after being defeated by Mark Antony . He was elected Tribune of the Plebs in 49 B.C. . He opposed Caesar , and he commanded a fleet against him during Caesar 's Civil War : after Caesar defeated Pompey in the Battle of Pharsalus , Caesar overtook Cassius and forced him to surrender . After Caesar 's death , Cassius fled to the East , where he amassed an army of twelve legions . He was supported and made Governor by the Senate . Though he and Brutus marched west against the allies of the Second Triumvirate , Cassius was defeated at the Battle of Phillippi and committed suicide . He followed the teachings of the philosopher Epicurus , although scholars debate whether or not these beliefs affected his political life . Cassius is a main character in Shakespeare 's play Julius Caesar that depicts the assassination of Caesar and its aftermath . He is also shown in the lowest circle of Hell in Dante 's The Inferno as punishment for betraying and killing Caesar .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico", "score": 0.5960670113563538, "text": "Commentarii de Bello Gallico ( Commentaries on the Gallic War ) , also simply Bellum Gallicum ( Gallic War ) , is Julius Caesar 's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars , written as a third-person narrative . In it Caesar describes the battles and intrigues that took place in the nine years he spent fighting the Germanic peoples and Celtic peoples in Gaul that opposed Roman conquest . The `` Gaul '' that Caesar refers to is ambiguous , as the term had various connotations in Roman writing and discourse during Caesar 's time . Generally , Gaul included all of the regions that Romans had not conquered or administer or which were primarily inhabited by Celts ; except for the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis ( modern-day Provence and Languedoc-Roussillon ) , which had already been conquered in Caesar 's time , therefore encompassing the rest of modern France , Belgium and parts of Switzerland . As the Roman Republic made inroads deeper into Celtic territory and conquered more land , the definition of `` Gaul '' shifted . Concurrently , `` Gaul '' was also used in common parlance as a synonym for `` uncouth '' or `` unsophisticated '' as Romans saw Celtic peoples as uncivilized compared with Rome . The work has been a mainstay in Latin instruction because of its simple , direct prose . It begins with the frequently quoted phrase `` Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres '' , meaning `` Gaul is a whole divided into three parts '' . The full work is split into eight sections , Book 1 to Book 8 , varying in size from approximately 5,000 to 15,000 words . Book 8 was written by Aulus Hirtius , after Caesar 's death .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Die_Ermordung_Cäsars", "score": 0.596001148223877, "text": ", Op. 32 , ( The Murder of Caesar ) is an opera in one act by Giselher Klebe who also wrote the libretto based on the translation by August Wilhelm von Schlegel of Shakespeare 's play Julius Caesar . It premiered on 20 September 1959 at the Grillo-Theater , Essen , with Gustav König conducting . It is dedicated to the German composer . The opera is scored for piccolo flute ; soprano , alto , tenor and baritone saxophones ; contrabassoon ; bass trumpet ; tenor tuba ; timpani ; piano ; cellos ; double basses ; several tapes . A performance takes about 50 minutes .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Tacitean_studies", "score": 0.5949295163154602, "text": "Tacitean studies , centred on the work of Tacitus ( AD 56 -- AD 117 ) the Ancient Roman historian , constitute an area of scholarship extending beyond the field of history . The work has traditionally been read for its moral instruction , its narrative , and its inimitable prose style ; Tacitus has been ( and still is ) most influential as a political theorist , outside the field of history . The political lessons taken from his work fall roughly into two camps ( as identified by Giuseppe Toffanin ) : the `` red Tacitists '' , who used him to support republican ideals , and the `` black Tacitists '' , those who read his accounts as a lesson in Machiavellian realpolitik . Though his work is the most reliable source for the history of his era , its factual accuracy is occasionally questioned : the Annals are based in part on secondary sources of unknown reliability , and there are some obvious minor mistakes ( for instance confusing the two daughters of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor , both named Antonia ) . The Histories , written from primary documents and personal knowledge of the Flavian period , is thought to be more accurate , though Tacitus 's hatred of Domitian seemingly colored its tone and interpretations .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Masters_of_Rome", "score": 0.5948488116264343, "text": "Masters of Rome is a series of historical fiction novels by Australian author Colleen McCullough , set in ancient Rome during the last days of the old Roman Republic ; it primarily chronicles the lives and careers of Gaius Marius , Lucius Cornelius Sulla , Pompeius Magnus , Gaius Julius Caesar , and the early career of Caesar Augustus . It spans from January 1 , 110 BC through to January 16 , 27 BC . Other major historical figures who appear and play prominent parts in the series include Mithridates VI of Pontus , Marcus Aemilius Scaurus , Publius Rutilius Rufus , Quintus Sertorius , Marcus Livius Drusus , Jugurtha of Numidia , Spartacus , Marcus Licinius Crassus , Marcus Tullius Cicero , Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus , Marcus Porcius Cato , Publius Clodius , Titus Annius Milo , Vercingetorix , Marcus Junius Brutus , Gaius Cassius Longinus , Marcus Antonius , Cleopatra VII of Egypt , Caesarion and Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa . Each book in the series features a detailed glossary , hand-drawn illustrations of the major characters , and notes by McCullough detailing her reasoning for portraying certain events in certain ways . The series has a thesis ( first introduced in 1939 by Sir Ronald Syme in his epic historical treatise The Roman Revolution ) : as Rome became more powerful within the Mediterranean world , the old ways of doing things -- through the deliberation of various interests , mainly aristocratic and mercantile -- became impossibly cumbersome . It became more and more difficult to govern an empire with institutions originally designed to administer a city-state . Certain powerful leaders ( especially Marius , Sulla , and Caesar ) tried to create a state in which they had autocratic power but also preserved the externals of the old ways . They were opposed by the conservatives ( called the optimates by classical historians , though they themselves preferred the title boni or `` good men '' ) . The obtuse or simply ignorant resistance of these reactionaries , who are all ( except for Cato ) presented as degenerate or self-serving , made the creation of an autocracy necessary . The result was the birth of an imperial monarchy , and a radically different organization of power . McCullough portrays Caesar as an autocrat , great military man , populist , and controversial reformer . She does not portray the death of the Republic as positive , but rather portrays Caesar as a great man and his crossing of the Rubicon as inevitable , given that the alternative was exile , disgrace , and the violation of his dignitas , which was an unthinkable anathema to a Roman Patrician of consular rank . According to McCullough 's portrayal , Caesar 's crossing of the Rubicon was his last option , his last roll of the dice , as best illustrated by the timeless quote from Caesar : `` The die is cast . '' . McCullough points out that the translation of the alternative Greek version of his words is `` Let the dice fly high . '' , which characterises not fatalism ( as with the former ) but rather risk-taking , the crossing of the Rubicon being Caesar 's last gambit . The novels of the series are The First Man in Rome ( 1990 ) ; spanning the years 110 -- 100 BC The Grass Crown ( 1991 ) ; spanning the years 97 -- 86 BC Fortune 's Favourites ( 1993 ) ; spanning the years 83 -- 69 BC Caesar 's Women ( 1997 ) ; spanning the years 67 -- 59 BC Caesar ( 1998 ) ; spanning the years 54 -- 48 BC The October Horse ( 2002 ) ; spanning the years 48 -- 41 BC and Antony and Cleopatra ( 2007 ) ; spanning the years 41 -- 27 BC McCullough originally decided to end the series with The October Horse because in her opinion the ultimate fall of the Roman Republic took place after the Battle of Philippi , with the death of Caesar 's assassins . However , most historians place the end of the Republic a decade later , after the final showdown between Augustus and Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium , in 31 BC . In response to lobbying from fans McCullough completed one more volume concerned mainly with Antony and Cleopatra , Antony and Cleopatra , released in September , 2007 , in the UK , and December , 2007 , in the US . Bob Carr , former Premier of New South Wales , Australia very publicly campaigned for McCullough to write further Roman novels . He argued that she should not continue in chronological order through the Second Triumvirate and the Julio-Claudian and Flavian Dynasties but instead skip ahead to write about the Five Good Emperors . This was always unlikely , because her eyesight deteriorated due to macular degeneration before her death in early 2015 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Marcus_Favonius", "score": 0.5945802927017212, "text": "Marcus Favonius ( c. 90 BC -- 42 BC ) was a Roman politician during the period of the fall of the Roman Republic . He is noted for his imitation of Cato the Younger , his espousal of the Cynic philosophy , and for his appearance as the Poet in William Shakespeare 's play Julius Caesar .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "The_Stolen_Eagle", "score": 0.5941123962402344, "text": "`` The Stolen Eagle '' is the series premiere of the British-American historical drama television series Rome . Written by series creator Bruno Heller and directed by Michael Apted , the episode first aired in the United States on Home Box Office ( HBO ) on August 28 , 2005 , and on the BBC in the United Kingdom and Ireland on November 2 . Rome was given a budget of $ 100 million , making it the largest amount both networks had ever spent on a series . Heller centered the series ' narrative on the perspectives of two common soldiers , similar to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern from Shakespeare 's Hamlet . Apted shot the episode at Cinecittà , the Roman studio where the epic films Ben-Hur and Cleopatra were filmed . On the set , realism and authenticity were emphasized more than grandiosity , with depictions of a cosmopolitan city of all social classes . As the wars in Gaul come to an end , Julius Caesar ( Ciarán Hinds ) is faced with both triumph and tribulation . On the heels of his victory comes news of his daughter 's death . Awarded with the adulation of the people , he also garners the enmity of politicians in Rome , including Pompey the Great ( Kenneth Cranham ) . In Rome , Pompey must balance honor and politics as he is urged to betray his former friend . Meanwhile , Caesar 's niece Atia of the Julii ( Polly Walker ) tries to steer her family on the dangerous path between the growing divisions of power . In the Gallic countryside , two unlikely allies ( Kevin McKidd and Ray Stevenson ) journey to reclaim the stolen standard of the Roman legion . HBO described its marketing strategy as `` its largest , most aggressive for a new series , '' and media outlets estimated its cost at $ 10 million . On its first broadcast , an estimated 3.8 million US viewers watched the episode . On its first airing in the UK and Ireland , it secured an estimated audience of 6.6 million people . Critical reception was largely mixed , with several reviewers writing that the episode suffered from slow storytelling . `` The Stolen Eagle '' garnered four major awards , including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects and the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing -- Drama Series .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Assassination_of_Julius_Caesar", "score": 0.5938451290130615, "text": "The assassination of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by many Roman senators . Led by Gaius Cassius Longinus , Decimus Junius Brutus , and Marcus Junius Brutus , they stabbed Julius Caesar to death in a location adjacent to the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March ( March 15 ) , 44 BC . Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic at the time , having recently been declared dictator perpetuo by the Senate . This declaration made several senators fear that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favor of tyranny . The conspirators were unable to restore the Roman Republic . The ramifications of the assassination led to the Liberators ' civil war and , ultimately , to the Principate period of the Roman Empire .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Caesar_(Massie_novel)", "score": 0.5938224792480469, "text": "Caesar is a 1993 historical novel by Scottish writer Allan Massie , the third in the author 's series of novels about the early Roman Emperors .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
228933
Pulp Fiction is directed by a male.
[ { "id": "Pulp_Fiction", "score": 0.7595369219779968, "text": "Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American black comedy neo-noir crime film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino , from a story by Tarantino and Roger Avary . Directed in a highly stylized manner , Pulp Fiction connects the intersecting storylines of Los Angeles mobsters , fringe players , small-time criminals , and a mysterious briefcase . The film 's title refers to the pulp magazines and hardboiled crime novels popular during the mid-20th century , known for their graphic violence and punchy dialogue . The screenplay of Pulp Fiction was written in 1992 and 1993 , and incorporated some scenes originally written by Avary for True Romance . Its plot , as in many of Tarantino 's other works , is presented out of chronological order . The film is also self-referential from its opening moments , beginning with a title card that gives two dictionary definitions of `` pulp '' . Considerable screen time is devoted to monologues and casual conversations with eclectic dialogue revealing each character 's perspectives on several subjects , and the film features an ironic combination of humor and strong violence . Its script was reportedly turned down by Columbia TriStar as `` too demented '' . Miramax co-chairman Harvey Weinstein was instantly enthralled with it , however , and the film became the first that Miramax fully financed . Pulp Fiction won the Palme d'Or at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival , and was a major critical and commercial success upon its U.S. release . It revitalized the careers of John Travolta ( who received an Academy Award nomination ) , Samuel L. Jackson , and Uma Thurman . It was also nominated for seven Oscars , including Best Picture ; Tarantino and Avary won for Best Original Screenplay . The nature of its development , marketing , and distribution -- and its consequent profitability -- had a sweeping effect on the field of independent cinema . Since its release , Pulp Fiction has been widely regarded as Tarantino 's masterpiece , with particular praise singled out for its screenwriting . The film 's self-reflexivity , unconventional structure , and extensive use of homage and pastiche have led critics to describe it as a touchstone of postmodern film . It is often considered a cultural watershed , with a strong influence felt not only in later movies that adopted various elements of its style , but in several other media as well . A 2008 Entertainment Weekly poll named it the best film since 1983 , and the work has appeared on many critics ' lists of the greatest films ever made . In 2013 , Pulp Fiction was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' ." }, { "id": "Quentin_Tarantino", "score": 0.6784983277320862, "text": "Quentin Jerome Tarantino ( -LSB- ˌtærənˈtiːnoʊ -RSB- born March 27 , 1963 ) is an American director , writer , and actor . His films are characterized by nonlinear storylines , satirical subject matter , an aestheticization of violence , extended scenes of dialogue , ensemble casts consisting of established and lesser-known performers , references to popular culture , soundtracks primarily containing songs and score pieces from the 1960s to the 1980s , and features of neo-noir film . He is widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of his generation . His career began in the late 1980s , when he wrote and directed My Best Friend 's Birthday , the screenplay of which formed the basis for True Romance . In the early 1990s , he began his career as an independent filmmaker with the release of Reservoir Dogs in 1992 ; regarded as a classic and cult hit , it was called the `` Greatest Independent Film of All Time '' by Empire . Its popularity was boosted by his second film , Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) , a black comedy crime film that was a major success both among critics and audiences . Judged the greatest film from 1983 -- 2008 by Entertainment Weekly , many critics and scholars have named it one of the most significant works of modern cinema . For his next effort , Tarantino paid homage to the blaxploitation films of the 1970s with Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) , an adaptation of the novel Rum Punch . Kill Bill , a highly stylized `` revenge flick '' in the cinematic traditions of Kung fu films , Japanese martial arts , Spaghetti Westerns and Italian horror , followed six years later , and was released as two films : Volume 1 in 2003 and Volume 2 in 2004 . Tarantino directed Death Proof ( 2007 ) as part of a double feature with friend Robert Rodriguez , under the collective title Grindhouse . His long-postponed Inglourious Basterds , which tells the fictional alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany 's political leadership , was released in 2009 to positive reviews . After that came 2012 's critically acclaimed Django Unchained , a Western film set in the antebellum era of the Deep South . It became the highest-grossing film of his career so far , making over $ 425 million at the box office . His eighth film , the mystery Western The Hateful Eight , was released in its roadshow version December 25 , 2015 , in 70 mm film format , complete with opening `` overture '' and halfway-point intermission , after the fashion of big-budget films of the 1960s and early 1970s . Tarantino 's films have garnered both critical and commercial success . He has received many industry awards , including two Academy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , two BAFTA Awards and the Palme d'Or , and has been nominated for an Emmy and a Grammy . He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time in 2005 . Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him `` the single most influential director of his generation '' . In December 2015 , Tarantino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry ." } ]
[ { "id": "Pulp_Fiction_(Banksy)", "score": 0.6817693710327148, "text": "Pulp Fiction is the name given to a number of works by stencil graffiti artist Banksy . They depict the characters played by Samuel L. Jackson and John Travolta in the 1994 film Pulp Fiction , with their guns replaced by bananas . A stencil graffiti work existed on a wall near the Old Street tube station in the City of London from 2002 to 2007 . Prints of the image on its original site have been sold for # 1,000 . A print of the Pulp Fiction stencil was sold for # 10,600 in 2012 .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Stephen_Hibbert", "score": 0.6593509316444397, "text": "Stephen Hibbert ( born September 19 , 1960 ) is an English-born actor and comedy writer . He is perhaps best known for his role as the Gimp in the Quentin Tarantino film Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Tony_Tarantino", "score": 0.6431975960731506, "text": "Tony Tarantino ( born July 4 , 1940 ) is an American actor , musician , cinematographer , and composer .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Gay_pulp_fiction", "score": 0.6423009037971497, "text": "Gay pulp fiction , or gay pulps , refers to printed works , primarily fiction , that include references to male homosexuality , specifically male gay sex , and that are cheaply produced , typically in paperback books made of wood pulp paper ; lesbian pulp fiction is similar work about women . Michael Bronski , the editor of an anthology of gay pulp writing , notes in his introduction , `` Gay pulp is not an exact term , and it is used somewhat loosely to refer to a variety of books that had very different origins and markets '' People often use the term to refer to the `` classic '' gay pulps that were produced before about 1970 , but it may also be used to refer to the gay erotica or pornography in paperback book or digest magazine form produced since that date .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Music_from_the_Motion_Picture_Pulp_Fiction", "score": 0.6377514600753784, "text": "Music from the Motion Picture Pulp Fiction is the soundtrack to Quentin Tarantino 's 1994 film Pulp Fiction . No traditional film score was commissioned for Pulp Fiction . The film contains a mix of American rock and roll , surf music , pop and soul . The soundtrack is equally untraditional , consisting of nine songs from the movie , four tracks of dialogue snippets followed by a song , and three tracks of dialogue alone . Seven songs featured in the movie were not included in the original 41-minute soundtrack . The album reached No. 21 on the Billboard 200 , while Urge Overkill 's cover of the Neil Diamond song `` Girl , You 'll Be a Woman Soon '' peaked at No. 59 on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "1994_Cannes_Film_Festival", "score": 0.6365944743156433, "text": "The 1994 Cannes Film Festival started on 12 May and ran until 23 May . The Palme d'Or went to the American film Pulp Fiction directed by Quentin Tarantino . The festival opened with The Hudsucker Proxy , directed by Joel Coen and closed with Serial Mom , directed by John Waters .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Big_Kahuna_Burger", "score": 0.6272671222686768, "text": "Big Kahuna Burger is a fictional chain of Hawaiian-themed fast food restaurants that appears in the movies by Quentin Tarantino , including Death Proof , Four Rooms , Pulp Fiction and Reservoir Dogs . The packaging was created by Tarantino 's old friend Jerry Martinez . Samuel L. Jackson 's character in Pulp Fiction refers to a Big Kahuna Burger with his famous line , `` This is a tasty burger ! '' to Frank Whaley 's character Brett after eating some of his burger . Since the name 's use in films , some restaurants have referenced it in either their name or that of a product . Big Kahuna Burgers have also appeared in one film directed by Tarantino 's friend and regular collaborator Robert Rodriguez - From Dusk Till Dawn , the former of which was written by Tarantino , as well as appearing in From Dusk till Dawn : The Series ( also created by Rodriguez ) .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Clerks", "score": 0.6255701780319214, "text": "Clerks is a 1994 American black comedy film written , directed , and co-produced by Kevin Smith . Starring Brian O'Halloran as Dante Hicks and Jeff Anderson as Randal Graves , it presents a day in the lives of two store clerks and their acquaintances . Shot entirely in black-and-white , Clerks is the first of Smith 's View Askewniverse films , and introduces several recurring characters , notably Jay and Silent Bob , the latter played by Smith himself . The structure of the movie contains nine scene breaks , signifying the nine rings of hell as in Dante Alighieri 's Divine Comedy , from which the main character , Dante , gets his name . Clerks was shot for $ 27,575 in the convenience and video stores where director Kevin Smith worked in real life . Upon its theatrical release , the film grossed over $ 3 million in theaters , launching Smith 's career .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Sylvester_Stallone", "score": 0.6137332320213318, "text": "Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone ( -LSB- stəˈloʊn -RSB- -LSB- stalˈloːne -RSB- ; born July 6 , 1946 ) is an American actor , filmmaker , and screenwriter . He is well known for his Hollywood action roles , including boxer Rocky Balboa , the title character of the Rocky series ' seven films from 1976 to 2015 ; soldier John Rambo from the four Rambo films , released between 1982 and 2008 ; and Barney Ross in the three The Expendables films from 2010 to 2014 . He wrote or co-wrote most of the 14 films in all three franchises , and directed many of the films . Stallone 's film Rocky was inducted into the National Film Registry as well as having its film props placed in the Smithsonian Museum . Stallone 's use of the front entrance to the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the Rocky series led the area to be nicknamed the Rocky Steps . Philadelphia has a statue of his Rocky character placed permanently near the museum . It was announced on December 7 , 2010 that Stallone was voted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the non-participant category . In 1977 , Stallone was nominated for two Academy Awards for Rocky , Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor . He became the third man in history to receive these two nominations for the same film , after Charles Chaplin and Orson Welles . He received critical raves , as well as his first Golden Globe Award win and third Academy Award nomination , for reprising the role of Rocky Balboa in Ryan Coogler 's 2015 film Creed .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Harvey_Keitel", "score": 0.6128668785095215, "text": "Harvey Keitel ( -LSB- kaɪˈtɛl -RSB- ; born May 13 , 1939 ) is an American actor and producer . An Oscar and Golden Globe Award nominee , he has appeared in films such as Martin Scorsese 's Mean Streets , Taxi Driver and The Last Temptation of Christ ; Ridley Scott 's The Duellists and Thelma & Louise ; Peter Yates ' Mother , Jugs & Speed ; Quentin Tarantino 's Reservoir Dogs and Pulp Fiction ; Jane Campion 's The Piano ; Abel Ferrara 's Bad Lieutenant ; Robert Rodriguez 's From Dusk till Dawn ; James Mangold 's Cop Land ; Wes Anderson 's Moonrise Kingdom and The Grand Budapest Hotel ; and Paolo Sorrentino 's Youth . Along with actors Al Pacino and Ellen Burstyn , he is the current co-president of the Actors Studio .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Pulp_fiction", "score": 0.6121183633804321, "text": "Pulp fiction may refer to : Pulp magazines , short stories presented in a magazine format , printed on cheaply made wood-pulp paper Pulp Fiction , a 1994 film directed by Quentin Tarantino Pulp Fiction ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack album from the film", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Harvey_Weinstein", "score": 0.6121007204055786, "text": "Harvey Weinstein , CBE ( born March 19 , 1952 ) is an American film producer and film studio executive . He is best known as co-founder of Miramax , which produced several popular independent films including Pulp Fiction , Sex , Lies and Videotape , The Crying Game and Clerks . He and his brother Bob have been co-chairmen of The Weinstein Company , their film production company , since 2005 . He won an Academy Award for producing Shakespeare in Love , and garnered seven Tony Awards for producing a variety of winning plays and musicals , including The Producers , Billy Elliot the Musical , and August : Osage County .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Richard_Sale_(director)", "score": 0.6117180585861206, "text": "Richard Sale , ( 17 December 1911 , in New York -- 4 March 1993 , in Los Angeles ) was an American screenwriter , pulp writer , and film director .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Sylvester_Stallone", "score": 0.6105272769927979, "text": "Sylvester Stallone is an American actor , screenwriter and film director who has appeared in multiple film roles . Throughout his career , Stallone has been nominated for various awards including Academy Awards , British Academy Film Awards , and People 's Choice Awards .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "William_G._Bogart", "score": 0.6104562878608704, "text": "William Gibson Bogart ( June 17 , 1903 -- July 20 , 1977 ) was an American pulp fiction writer . He is best known for writing several Doc Savage novels , under the pseudonym Kenneth Robeson . In addition to the Doc Savage novels , Bogart published works in many genres under his own name . He also created the detective Johnny Saxon , and featured him in several novels .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Jerry_Rapp", "score": 0.6104178428649902, "text": "Jerry Rapp is a professional screenwriter , director , and producer .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Reservoir_Dogs", "score": 0.6051670908927917, "text": "Reservoir Dogs is a 1992 American crime thriller film that depicts the events before and after a botched diamond heist . The film was the feature-length debut of writer and director Quentin Tarantino , and stars Harvey Keitel , Michael Madsen , Steve Buscemi , Chris Penn , Lawrence Tierney and Tim Roth . Tarantino and criminal-turned-author Edward Bunker have minor roles . It incorporates many themes that have become Tarantino 's hallmarks : violent crime , pop culture references , profanity , and nonlinear storytelling . The film has become regarded as a classic of independent film and a cult film . It was named `` Greatest Independent Film of all Time '' by Empire . Reservoir Dogs was generally well received , and the cast was praised by many critics . Although it was not given much promotion upon release , the film became a modest success in the United States after grossing $ 2.8 million against its $ 1.2 million budget . The film was more successful in the United Kingdom , grossing nearly # 6.5 million , and it achieved higher popularity after the success of Tarantino 's next film , Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) . A soundtrack was released featuring songs used in the film , which are mostly from the 1970s .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Jackie_Brown", "score": 0.6048563718795776, "text": "Jackie Brown is a 1997 American crime thriller film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino . The film is an adaptation of Elmore Leonard 's 1992 novel Rum Punch . It is the first ( and to date , only ) film that Tarantino has adapted from a previous work , and stars Pam Grier in the title role . The film pays homage to 1970s blaxploitation films , particularly the films Coffy ( 1973 ) and Foxy Brown ( 1974 ) , both of which also starred Grier in the title roles . The film 's supporting cast includes Robert Forster , Robert De Niro , Samuel L. Jackson , Bridget Fonda , and Michael Keaton . It was Tarantino 's third film following Reservoir Dogs ( 1992 ) and Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) . Grier and Forster were both veteran actors but neither had performed a leading role in many years . Jackie Brown revitalized both actors ' careers . The film garnered Forster an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and Golden Globe Award nominations for Jackson and Grier .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "All_I_Need_to_Know_about_Filmmaking_I_Learned_from_the_Toxic_Avenger", "score": 0.6047108769416809, "text": "All I Need to Know about Filmmaking I Learned from the Toxic Avenger is the autobiography of Lloyd Kaufman , published by Berkely Boulevard , a subsidiary of Penguin Putnam , in 1998 . Kaufman is the co-founder of B-movie company Troma Entertainment and the director of such films as The Toxic Avenger , Class of Nuke 'Em High , and Terror Firmer . The book was written by both Kaufman and screenwriter James Gunn ; they had previously collaborated on the 1996 film Tromeo and Juliet . Gunn went on to more mainstream prominence as the writer of Dawn of the Dead ( 2004 ) and the writer-director of Slither ( 2006 ) and the Marvel Studios 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy . The book was written by Gunn after having numerous long interviews with Kaufman about his life . The book is written in a darkly humorous style , and is an unusual mish-mash of personal memories , how-to-make-movies advice , and pure flights of fantasy , such as the fictional ongoing struggles with the book 's editor , Barry Neville . Gunn had this to say : Most of the scenes are real , though the dialogue had to be recreated . Some scenes , however , are pretty much fantasies -- for instance , the fight scenes between Lloyd and Pat , and most of the stuff between Lloyd and the editor , Barry ( who loved being our villain ) . In non-fiction , veracity is only important with people who might sue you . In a lot of ways the book was practice for melding fiction and fact , as I did in a more shadowy manner in The Toy Collector . Still , Lloyd 's hyperactive voice was so clearly in my head that I think the book is an accurate representation of who he is . The book 's working title was Sex , Violence , and Toxic Waste , but was changed by the publisher . The introduction to the book was written by legendary B-movie producer , Roger Corman .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "A_Year_at_the_Movies:_One_Man's_Filmgoing_Odyssey", "score": 0.6041476130485535, "text": "A Year at the Movies : One Man 's Filmgoing Odyssey is a book written by Kevin Murphy about his experiences of seeing a movie each day , for the entire year of 2001 . Much of the content derives not only from Murphy 's `` filmgoing odyssey '' but also from his thoughts and observations on the changing nature of the filmgoing experience itself . Murphy comments extensively on the overwhelming prevalence of multiplex movie theaters which generally screen Hollywood blockbuster films at the expense of a wider range of classic , independent and foreign language films . While many of the daily film viewings chronicled in the book fall into the Hollywood kitsch category , quite a few sections deal with films that Murphy actually enjoyed watching , whether because of the film itself or because of the quality of the theater in which it was viewed . Some notable experiences : Dressing as a nun during a showing of The Sound of Music in London . His extreme dissatisfaction with the movie Town and Country . Bringing an entire Thanksgiving dinner into a movie . Enduring the Chris Kattan film Corky Romano with fellow MST3K alum Michael J. Nelson . His thoughts during the September 11th terrorist attacks . Seeing a movie in a theater made of ice and snow .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
69880
Absolute Beginners was directed by Hitchcock.
[ { "id": "Absolute_Beginners_(film)", "score": 0.6995480060577393, "text": "Absolute Beginners is a 1986 British rock musical film adapted from Colin MacInnes ' book of the same name about life in late 1950s London . The film was directed by Julien Temple , featured David Bowie and Sade , and Patsy Kensit in one of her first mainstream roles . The film was screened out of competition at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival . Upon release , Absolute Beginners received immense coverage in the British media . At the time , the British film industry was perceived as being on the point of collapse ( with the recent failure of the film Revolution ) . However , the film was panned by critics and became a box office bomb . Some of the criticisms included stylistic anachronisms , such as the mini-skirt and decidedly 1980s music from the likes of The Style Council and Sade , the bowdlerisation of Kensit 's character ( Crepe Suzette had been depicted as a promiscuous `` negrophile '' in the book ) , and the casting of Bowie , who made it a condition of his musical contribution . Although the film was not a success , Bowie 's theme song was very popular in the UK and reached number two in the charts . The commercial failure of Absolute Beginners and another film released about the same time , The Mission , led to the collapse of Goldcrest , a major British film studio ." } ]
[ { "id": "Absolute_Beginners_(The_Jam_song)", "score": 0.6451392769813538, "text": "`` Absolute Beginners '' was a single released by The Jam on 16 October 1981 . Although it did not appear on any of the band 's studio albums , it reached number 4 in the UK Singles Chart . The song was named after the Colin MacInnes novel of the same name . The book was one of songwriter Paul Weller 's favourites , being chosen by him when he appeared on Desert Island Discs . Tales From The Riverbank appeared as the B-side . The band 's record company Polydor later stated that they believed Tales From The Riverbank should have been released as the A-side . The music video to the song was filmed in the vicinity of Nomis studios , Shepherd 's Bush . The song also appeared on the soundtrack for the 1997 film Grosse Pointe Blank .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Beginners", "score": 0.6448913216590881, "text": "Beginners is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Mike Mills . It tells the story of Oliver , a man reflecting on the life and death of his father , Hal , while trying to forge a new romantic relationship with a woman , Anna , dealing with father issues of her own . The film is based on the true-life coming out of Mills 's father at the age of 75 , five years before his death . Beginners premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival , where the Los Angeles Times heralded it as a `` heady , heartfelt film '' with a cast who have `` a strong sense of responsibility to their real-world counterparts '' . Christopher Plummer received numerous accolades , including the 2011 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , for his performance .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Absolute_Beginners", "score": 0.6332452297210693, "text": "Absolute Beginners may refer to : Absolute Beginners ( novel ) , a 1959 novel by Colin MacInnes Absolute Beginners ( film ) , a 1986 rock musical film based on the novel Absolute Beginners : The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack , the soundtrack album to the 1986 film Absolute Beginners `` Absolute Beginners '' ( David Bowie song ) , a 1986 single by David Bowie , title song from the above film `` Absolute Beginners '' ( The Jam song ) , a 1981 single by The Jam", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Alfred_Hitchcock", "score": 0.6299019455909729, "text": "Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock ( 13 August 1899 -- 29 April 1980 ) was an English film director and producer , at times referred to as `` The Master of Suspense '' . He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres . He had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as England 's best director . Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939 , and became a U.S. citizen in 1955 . Hitchcock became a highly visible public figure through interviews , movie trailers , cameo appearances in his own films , and the ten years in which he hosted the television programme Alfred Hitchcock Presents ( 1955 -- 1965 ) . He also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style . Hitchcock 's stylistic trademarks include the use of camera movement that mimics a person 's gaze , forcing viewers to engage in a form of voyeurism . In addition , he framed shots to maximise anxiety , fear , or empathy , and used innovative forms of film editing . His work often features fugitives on the run alongside `` icy blonde '' female characters . In 1978 , film critic John Russell Taylor described Hitchcock as `` the most universally recognizable person in the world '' , and `` a straightforward middle-class Englishman who just happened to be an artistic genius '' . Prior to 1980 , there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film . Critic Roger Ebert wrote : `` Other British directors like Sir Carol Reed and Sir Charlie Chaplin were knighted years ago , while Hitchcock , universally considered by film students to be one of the greatest filmmakers of all time , was passed over '' . Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours . Hitchcock directed more than fifty feature films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history . Following a 2007 critics ' poll by Britain 's Daily Telegraph in which he was ranked Britain 's greatest filmmaker , one scholar wrote : `` Hitchcock did more than any director to shape modern cinema , which would be utterly different without him . His flair was for narrative , cruelly withholding crucial information ( from his characters and from the audience ) and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else . '' Hitchcock 's first thriller , The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog ( 1926 ) , helped shape the thriller genre in film . His 1929 film , Blackmail , is often cited as the first British sound feature film , while Rear Window ( 1954 ) , Vertigo ( 1958 ) , North by Northwest ( 1959 ) , and Psycho ( 1960 ) are regularly ranked among the greatest films of all time .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Psycho_(1960_film)", "score": 0.627359926700592, "text": "Psycho is a 1960 American psychological horror film directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock , and written by Joseph Stefano , starring Anthony Perkins , Janet Leigh , John Gavin , Vera Miles and Martin Balsam , and was based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert Bloch . The film centers on the encounter between a secretary , Marion Crane ( Leigh ) , who ends up at a secluded motel after stealing money from her employer , and the motel 's disturbed owner-manager , Norman Bates ( Perkins ) , and its aftermath . When originally made , Psycho was seen as a departure from Hitchcock 's previous film North by Northwest , having been filmed on a low budget , with a television crew and in black and white . The film initially received mixed reviews , but outstanding box office returns prompted reconsideration which led to overwhelming critical acclaim and four Academy Award nominations , including Best Supporting Actress for Leigh and Best Director for Hitchcock . Psycho is now considered one of Hitchcock 's best films and praised as a major work of cinematic art by international film critics and scholars . Often ranked among the greatest films of all time , it set a new level of acceptability for violence , deviant behavior and sexuality in American films , and is widely considered to be the earliest example of the slasher film genre . After Hitchcock 's death in 1980 , Universal Studios began producing follow-ups : three sequels , a remake , a television film spin-off , and a prequel TV series . In 1992 , the US Library of Congress deemed the film `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Number_13_(film)", "score": 0.6173315048217773, "text": "In 1922 , Alfred Hitchcock obtained his first shot at directing for Gainsborough Pictures with the film Number 13 ( or Mrs. Peabody ) . Clare Greet and Ernest Thesiger were to star as husband and wife . The story was about low-income residents of a building , financed by The Peabody Trust , founded by American banker-philanthropist George Foster Peabody , to offer affordable housing to needy Londoners . However , the film 's budget fell apart , and it was pulled from production after only a handful of scenes were shot . Hitchcock rarely , if ever , spoke about his first directing project , until his biographer , Donald Spoto , asked him about life in the early twenties , and his first films . On one occasion , he said that it was a `` somewhat chastening experience '' . As with Hitchcock 's later lost film The Mountain Eagle , footage from Number 13 has become widely sought after by film historians and collectors without success .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Transatlantic_Pictures", "score": 0.617035448551178, "text": "Transatlantic Pictures was founded by Alfred Hitchcock and longtime associate Sidney Bernstein at the end of World War II in preparation for the end of Hitchcock 's contract with David O. Selznick in 1947 . In 1945 , Hitchcock and Bernstein were involved with a planned 80-minute documentary on Nazi concentration camps which was eventually shown on television in the US and UK as Memory of the Camps ( 1985 ) . They planned to produce feature films in both Hollywood and London . The first two Transatlantic films , Hitchcock 's Rope ( 1948 ) and Under Capricorn ( 1949 ) , both released in the US by Warner Bros. , had poor box office returns . Rope was banned in several US cities due to the themes of homosexuality , and Under Capricorn was overshadowed by Ingrid Bergman 's extramarital affair with director Roberto Rossellini . A third Hitchcock film , Stage Fright ( 1950 ) filmed on location in London , began as a Transatlantic production , but was taken over by Warner Bros. as a Warners production . After the release of I Confess in early 1953 , Hitchcock and Bernstein planned to film the 1948 David Duncan novel The Bramble Bush as a Transatlantic release . However , script and budget problems held up the production , Hitchcock and Bernstein decided to dissolve the partnership , with Warners giving Hitchcock permission to go ahead with Dial M for Murder ( 1954 ) instead .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "The_39_Steps_(1935_film)", "score": 0.6147492527961731, "text": "The 39 Steps is a 1935 British thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , starring Robert Donat and Madeleine Carroll . Very loosely based on the 1915 adventure novel The Thirty-Nine Steps by John Buchan , the film is about an everyman civilian in London , Richard Hannay , who becomes caught up in preventing an organization of spies called the 39 Steps from stealing British military secrets . After being mistakenly accused of the murder of a counter-espionage agent , Hannay goes on the run to Scotland with an attractive woman in the hopes of stopping the spy ring and clearing his name . The British Film Institute ranked it the fourth best British film of the 20th century . In 2004 , Total Film named it the 21st greatest British movie ever made , and in 2011 ranked it the second-best book-to-film adaptation of all time .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Hitchcockian", "score": 0.6120854020118713, "text": "Hitchcockian films are those made by various filmmakers , with the styles and themes similar to those of Alfred Hitchcock .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Hitchcock_(film)", "score": 0.5902072191238403, "text": "Hitchcock is a 2012 American biographical drama film directed by Sacha Gervasi , based on Stephen Rebello 's non-fiction book Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho . The film was released in selected cities on November 23 , 2012 , with a worldwide release on December 14 , 2012 . Hitchcock centers on the relationship between film director Alfred Hitchcock ( Anthony Hopkins ) and his wife Alma Reville ( Helen Mirren ) during the making of Psycho , a controversial horror film that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker 's career .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "The_Man_Who_Knew_Too_Much_(1934_film)", "score": 0.5875505208969116, "text": "The Man Who Knew Too Much is a 1934 British thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , featuring Peter Lorre , and released by Gaumont British . It was one of the most successful and critically acclaimed films of Hitchcock 's British period . Hitchcock remade the film with James Stewart and Doris Day in 1956 for Paramount Pictures . The two films , however , are very different in tone , in setting , and in many plot details . In the book-length interview Hitchcock/Truffaut ( 1967 ) , in response to fellow filmmaker François Truffaut 's assertion that aspects of the remake were by far superior , Hitchcock replied , `` Let 's say the first version is the work of a talented amateur and the second was made by a professional . '' The film has nothing except the title in common with G. K. Chesterton 's 1922 book of detective stories of the same name . Hitchcock decided to use the title as he had the rights for some of the stories in the book .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Witness_Insecurity", "score": 0.5873014330863953, "text": "Absolute Killers ( aka Witness Insecurity , aka Snitch ) is a 2011 American thriller film directed by Heather Hale . The script , based on the self-published novel Insecurity by Eric Troyer , was co-written by Eric Troyer and Heather Hale . Produced by the same duo , the film starred Edward Furlong , Grace Johnston , Rick Ravanello , Brian Krause , Meat Loaf , and Ed Asner . The film had its festival premiere October 1 , 2011 , under its working title of Witness Insecurity , and theatrical release March 16 , 2012 , under its original distribution title of Snitch", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "The_Birds_(film)", "score": 0.5863430500030518, "text": "The Birds is a 1963 American horror-thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , loosely based on the 1952 story of the same name by Daphne du Maurier . It focuses on a series of sudden , unexplained violent bird attacks on the people of Bodega Bay , California over the course of a few days . The film stars Rod Taylor and Tippi Hedren , in her screen debut , supported by Jessica Tandy , Suzanne Pleshette and Veronica Cartwright . The screenplay is by Evan Hunter , who was told by Hitchcock to develop new characters and a more elaborate plot while keeping du Maurier 's title and concept of unexplained bird attacks . In 2016 , The Birds was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress , and selected it for preservation in its National Film Registry .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Dial_M_for_Murder", "score": 0.5856165885925293, "text": "Dial M for Murder is a 1954 American crime mystery film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , starring Ray Milland , Grace Kelly , Robert Cummings and John Williams . It was filmed in 3-D with the technology that was available at the time , and is often considered one of the greatest 3D films ever made . The screenplay and the successful stage play on which it was based were written by English playwright Frederick Knott . The play premiered in 1952 on BBC Television , before being performed on stage in the same year in London 's West End in June , and then New York 's Broadway in October . The movie was released by Warner Bros. , though due to the then waning popularity of 3D films , it was converted to 2D , and only showed in its native 3D format in a small handful of cinemas .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "AFI's_100_Years...100_Thrills", "score": 0.5849581360816956, "text": "Part of the AFI 100 Years ... series , AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Thrills is a list of the top 100 most exciting , action-packed , suspenseful or frightening movies in American cinema . The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 12 , 2001 , during a CBS special hosted by Harrison Ford . Nine Alfred Hitchcock films made the list , making him the most represented director .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Beginner_(band)", "score": 0.5846990346908569, "text": "Beginner ( formerly Absolute Beginner ) is a German rap group from Hamburg , consisting of Jan Delay ( aka Eizi Eiz/Ei ßfeldt ) , Denyo and DJ Mad . Their fourth album , Advanced Chemistry , was released in August 2016 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "North_by_Northwest", "score": 0.5832255482673645, "text": "North by Northwest is a 1959 American thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Cary Grant , Eva Marie Saint and James Mason . The screenplay was by Ernest Lehman , who wanted to write `` the Hitchcock picture to end all Hitchcock pictures '' . North by Northwest is a tale of mistaken identity , with an innocent man pursued across the United States by agents of a mysterious organization trying to prevent him from blocking their plan to smuggle out microfilm that contains government secrets . This is one of several Hitchcock films that features a music score by Bernard Herrmann and a memorable opening title sequence by graphic designer Saul Bass . This film is generally cited as the first to feature extended use of kinetic typography in its opening credits . North by Northwest is now numbered among the essential Hitchcock pictures and is often listed as one of the greatest films of all time . It was selected in 1995 for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress , as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "To_Catch_a_Thief", "score": 0.5818248987197876, "text": "To Catch a Thief is a 1955 romantic thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock , from a screenplay by John Michael Hayes based on the 1952 novel of the same name by David Dodge . The film stars Cary Grant as a retired cat burglar who has to save his reformed reputation by catching a new `` cat '' preying on the wealthy tourists of the French Riviera . Grace Kelly stars opposite him as his romantic interest in her final film with Hitchcock .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Rope_(film)", "score": 0.5800329446792603, "text": "Rope is a 1948 American film noir psychological crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , based on the 1929 play of the same name by Patrick Hamilton , and adapted by Hume Cronyn and Arthur Laurents . The film was produced by Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein as the first of their Transatlantic Pictures productions . Starring James Stewart , John Dall and Farley Granger , this is the first of Hitchcock 's Technicolor films , and is notable for taking place in real time and being edited so as to appear as a single continuous shot through the use of long takes . It is the second of Hitchcock 's `` limited setting '' films , the first being Lifeboat . The original play was said to be inspired by the real-life murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks in 1924 by University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Hitchcock/Truffaut_(film)", "score": 0.5772281289100647, "text": "Hitchcock/Truffaut is a 2015 French-American documentary film directed by Kent Jones about François Truffaut 's book on Alfred Hitchcock , Hitchcock/Truffaut , and its impact on cinema . Truffaut interviewed Hitchcock over eight days in 1962 at his offices at Universal Studios to write his book , and the documentary features reflections from directors including James Gray , Martin Scorsese , Paul Schrader , Wes Anderson , David Fincher , Arnaud Desplechin , and Olivier Assayas . It was first screened at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival and was shown in the TIFF Docs section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
161033
No Reservations got a mixed reception from critics.
[ { "id": "No_Reservations_(film)", "score": 0.6969536542892456, "text": "No Reservations is a 2007 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Scott Hicks . Starring Catherine Zeta-Jones , Aaron Eckhart and Abigail Breslin , the screenplay by Carol Fuchs is an adaptation of an original script by Sandra Nettelbeck , which served as the basis for the 2001 German film Mostly Martha , and revolves around a hard-edged chef whose life is turned upside down when she decides to take in her young niece following a tragic accident that killed her sister . Patricia Clarkson , Bob Balaban and Jenny Wade co-star , with Brían F. O'Byrne , Lily Rabe , and Zoe Kravitz -- appearing in her first feature film -- playing supporting roles . The film received a mixed reception by critics , who found it `` predictable and too melancholy for the genre '' , resulting in a 41 % overall approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes . Upon its opening release on July 27 , 2007 in the United States and Canada , No Reservations became a moderate commercial success : The film grossed $ 12 million in its opening weekend , eventually grossing over $ 43 million at the domestic box-office and over $ 92 million worldwide . Breslin was nominated for a Young Artist Award for her performance ." } ]
[ { "id": "Controversial_issues_surrounding_Slumdog_Millionaire", "score": 0.6201042532920837, "text": "The film Slumdog Millionaire , which won eight Academy Awards in 2009 , has been subjected to a number of criticisms , notably regarding how it portrays Indian society and alleged exploitation of some of the actors .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Stan_and_George's_New_Life", "score": 0.6190624833106995, "text": "Stan and George 's New Life is a 1992 Australian film . Brian McKenzie said he thought the resulting movie was good but it was not a strong story . We tried very hard to make something out of it . I think it 's a matter of having some sort of belief in your particular , not so much style , but presentation . It is n't so theatrical , and that runs through the performances , the editing style and the more classic sort of shots , style and the cast . So , in the end , if you can manage to imbue all the various parts with something that 's fairly consistent , it ca n't be divided up or contaminated or corrupted . It 's a complete thing . That 's where I think that film has its worth . The script really lets the film down in the second half . It divides into two films , following a conspiracy thing . It does n't really work . The focus on the odd couple in a workplace was working really well up until that point . Then the two elements fight each other for the rest of the film . Because of the delicate sort of storytelling and because it 's slow , whatever action there is is really only in the climax . It does n't particularly drive you along . It falls apart , I think , in the second half .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "No_Reservations_(Apache_Indian_album)", "score": 0.6150050759315491, "text": "No Reservations ( also called Don Raja ) is a music album by Apache Indian , released on Tuesday , 18 May 1993 on Mango/Island/PolyGram Records . It was on the short list of nominees for the 1993 Mercury Prize .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "A_Year_at_the_Movies:_One_Man's_Filmgoing_Odyssey", "score": 0.614342987537384, "text": "A Year at the Movies : One Man 's Filmgoing Odyssey is a book written by Kevin Murphy about his experiences of seeing a movie each day , for the entire year of 2001 . Much of the content derives not only from Murphy 's `` filmgoing odyssey '' but also from his thoughts and observations on the changing nature of the filmgoing experience itself . Murphy comments extensively on the overwhelming prevalence of multiplex movie theaters which generally screen Hollywood blockbuster films at the expense of a wider range of classic , independent and foreign language films . While many of the daily film viewings chronicled in the book fall into the Hollywood kitsch category , quite a few sections deal with films that Murphy actually enjoyed watching , whether because of the film itself or because of the quality of the theater in which it was viewed . Some notable experiences : Dressing as a nun during a showing of The Sound of Music in London . His extreme dissatisfaction with the movie Town and Country . Bringing an entire Thanksgiving dinner into a movie . Enduring the Chris Kattan film Corky Romano with fellow MST3K alum Michael J. Nelson . His thoughts during the September 11th terrorist attacks . Seeing a movie in a theater made of ice and snow .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "No_Reservations", "score": 0.6122691035270691, "text": "No Reservations may refer to : Anthony Bourdain : No Reservations , a television series hosted by Anthony Bourdain No Reservations : Around the World on an Empty Stomach , a 2007 book by Anthony Bourdain based on his TV series No Reservations ( film ) , a 2007 film starring Catherine Zeta-Jones and Aaron Eckhart No Reservations ( Blackfoot album ) , 1975 No Reservations ( Apache Indian album ) , 1993", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Not_Coming_to_a_Theater_Near_You", "score": 0.6015373468399048, "text": "Not Coming to a Theater Near You is a film review website . As its name suggests , the site shies away from new releases in favor of retrospective looks at older , lesser-known films .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Cinema_of_North_Korea", "score": 0.5995137691497803, "text": "Because of the isolated nature of the country , information -- particularly unbiased information -- on North Korean cinema is difficult to find . Outsider appraisal of North Korean cinema is often condescending , while statements from official North Korean sources include claims like , `` In recent years our film art has created an unprecedented sensation in the world 's filmdom ... The revolutionary people of the world are unstinting in their praise of this feature film and other monumental works , calling them ` the first-class films by international standards ' , ` the most wonderful movies ever produced ' and ` immortal revolutionary and popular films ' . ''", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "No_Picnic", "score": 0.5990854501724243, "text": "No Picnic is a film written and directed by Philip Hartman . It was filmed in black and white at New York in 1985 and was released the next year , in the Sundance Film Festival , where it won Excellence In Cinematography Award Dramatic . Described as `` a cinematic love letter to a pre-gentrified New York '' , the film captures the East Village of the 80s . Providing the soundtrack are such performers as `` The Raunch Hands '' , Lenny Kaye , Charles Mingus , Fela Kuti , Richard Hell and `` Student Teachers '' . It stars Richard Hell , Judith Malina , Luis Guzmán and Steve Buscemi .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "National_Board_of_Review", "score": 0.5958219170570374, "text": "The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures was founded in 1909 in New York City , just 13 years after the birth of cinema , to protest New York City Mayor George B. McClellan , Jr. 's revocation of moving-picture exhibition licenses on Christmas Eve 1908 . The mayor ( son of the famed Civil War general ) believed that the new medium degraded the morals of community . To assert their constitutional freedom of expression , theatre owners led by Marcus Loew and film distributors ( Edison , Biograph , Pathé and Gaumont ) joined John Collier of the People 's Institute at Cooper Union and established the New York Board of Motion Picture Censorship , which soon changed its name to the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures to avoid the taint of the word `` censorship '' . Its stated purpose was to endorse films of merit and champion the new `` art of the people '' , which was transforming America 's cultural life . In an effort to avoid government censorship of films , the National Board became the unofficial clearinghouse for new movies . From 1916 into the 1950s thousands of motion pictures carried the legend `` Passed by the National Board of Review '' in their main titles . However , the Board was a de facto censorship organization . Producers submitted their films to the Board before making release prints ; they agreed to cut out any footage that the Board found objectionable , up to and including destroying the entire film . In 1930 , the NBR was the first group to choose the ten best English-language movies of the year and the best foreign films , and is still the first critical body to announce its annual awards . The NBR has also gained international acclaim for its publications : Film Program ( 1917 -- 1926 ) ; Exceptional Photoplays ( 1920 -- 1925 ) ; Photoplay Guide to Better Movies ( 1924 -- 1926 ) ; National Board of Review Magazine ( 1926 -- 1942 ) ; New Movies ( 1942 -- 1949 ) ; and Films in Review , which published its first issue in 1950 . Influencing generations of filmmakers and film lovers , these journals have fostered commentary on all aspects of cinema production and history , counting among contributors Alfred Hitchcock , Fritz Lang , Harold Robbins , Tennessee Williams , Dore Schary , William Saroyan , James Agee , Manny Farber , William K. Everson , Alistair Cooke , and Pearl Buck . To determine the NBR 's annual awards , ballots are sent in by over one hundred members -- select knowledgeable film enthusiasts , academics , and filmmakers in the New York metropolitan area -- and subsequently tabulated by a certified public accountancy firm in order to decide the winners . In addition , the Awards Jury helps to determine the special achievement awards presented at the annual gala in January . The organization also works to foster commentary on all aspects of film production by underwriting educational film programs and seminars for film students . In 2016 , the NBR reached out to the community to The Reel Works Teen Filmmaking , The Ghetto Film School and The Educational Video Center through grants . The organization also awarded grants to seventeen student filmmakers as part of its annual Student Grant Program .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "5001_Nights_at_the_Movies", "score": 0.5943484902381897, "text": "5001 Nights at the Movies , first published in 1982 , is a book compiling passages of film critic Pauline Kael 's reviews from the silent era to the 1980s . They were originally written for The New Yorker 's ` Goings On About Town ' section . In her regular New Yorker column Kael wrote long , thoughtful critiques of the latest films . 5001 Nights is made up of abbreviated reviews of those longer articles and capsule critiques of dozens of other movies made throughout the 20th century . In a single paragraph Kael recaps American and foreign films . In a sentence or even a phrase she captures the film 's essence . On Cavalcade ( 1933 ) : `` An orgy of British self-congratulation in the restrained , clipped style of Noel Coward . '' On The Godfather ( 1972 ) : `` A wide , startlingly vivid view of a Mafia dynasty , in which organized crime becomes an obscene nightmare image of American free enterprise . '' Each review includes basic information about the film , including director , year made and whether the movie is black and white or color .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Commentary_on_Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid", "score": 0.5932607650756836, "text": "This article attempts to summarize and illustrate selected notable representative critical reaction to and commentary on the book Palestine : Peace Not Apartheid ( New York : Simon and Schuster , 2006 ) by former president Jimmy Carter , which has been highly controversial . The reception of the book has itself raised further controversy , occasioning Carter 's own subsequent responses to such criticism .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Hooked_(book)", "score": 0.5921324491500854, "text": "Hooked ( 1989 ) is the ninth collection of movie reviews by the critic Pauline Kael , covering the period from July 1985 to June 1988 . All articles in the book originally appeared in The New Yorker . She reviews more than 170 films giving rich praise to the work of directors and performers she admires - in this collection for example , Robert Altman ; Alan Rudolph - for his film Songwriter ; Nick Nolte ; Susan Sarandon ; Melanie Griffith ; Lesley Ann Warren ; Steve Martin in Roxanne . And she attacks what she regards as second rate , for example , George Lucas , - `` George Lucas should believe less in himself - he keeps trying to come up with an original idea , and he ca n't '' ; and the film Heartbreak Ridge - `` It would take a board of inquiry made up of gods to determine whether this picture is more offensive aesthetically , psychologically , morally , or politically . '' The films she recommends include : The Best of Times Dreamchild Sweet Dreams Down and Out in Beverly Hills Compromising Positions My Beautiful Laundrette Mona Lisa Salvador Club Paradise Mike 's Murder Blue Velvet She 's Got ta Have It Re-Animator Something Wild Hour of the Star The Stepfather Law of Desire Raising Arizona Brazil Roxanne Tampopo Eat the Peach The Witches of Eastwick Wish You Were Here Hamburger Hill Hope and Glory Weeds The Dead The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne Moonstruck The Unbearable Lightness of Being High Tide High Season Pass the Ammo Hairspray Matador Beetlejuice Masquerade A World Apart Bull Durham The title refers to her film ` addiction ' . `` I got hooked on movies at an early age , ( around 4 or 5 , when I saw them while sitting on my parents ' laps ) , and I am still a child before a moving image . Movies seem to me the most mysteriously great of all art forms . '' The book is out-of-print in the United States , but is still published by Marion Boyars Publishers in the United Kingdom .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "State_of_the_Art_(book)", "score": 0.5904920101165771, "text": "State of the Art : Film Writings 1983 -- 1985 is the eighth collection of movie reviews by the critic Pauline Kael . In the Author 's Note at the beginning of this collection she wrote : `` The title of this book is a deliberate break with my sexually tinged titles of the past . It seemed time for a change ; this has not been a period for anything like Grand Passions . I hope that State of the Art will sound ominous and sweeping and just slightly clinical . What I try to get at in this collection of reviews from June 1983 to July 1985 is the state of the art of moviemaking . And despite the dubious state of the art -LSB- . . -RSB- there has always been something to recommend . '' Kael reviews 117 films in this eighth collection . She gives rich praise to the work of performers and directors she admires , for example , Molly Ringwald 's performance in Sixteen Candles , - Steve Martin , Robin Williams , and Nick Nolte , ( three perennial Kael favourites ) , and Luchino Visconti , for his work on The Leopard - `` The Leopard is so beautifully felt that it calls up a whole culture . It casts an intelligent spell - intelligent and rapturous . '' ( Though Visconti 's film had originally been released in 1963 , Kael is here reviewing the release of a full length three hours and five minutes version ) . And she 's typically cool to work she regards as second rate ; ` When you come out of Desperately Seeking Susan , you do n't want to know who the director is - you want to know who the perpetrator is . ' And Steven Spielberg 's segment of Twilight Zone : The Movie - a , '' lump of ironclad whimsy . It 's as if Steven Spielberg had sat down and thought out what he could do that would make his detractors happiest . '' And Sylvester Stallone 's work on Staying Alive ; `` What can be done about this mock writer-director-producer-actor ? He has become the stupidos ' Orson Welles . '' Films she recommends in this eighth collection include The Survivors , The Grey Fox , The Leopard , Under Fire , Heart Like a Wheel , Yentl , Choose Me , Splash , Moscow on the Hudson , Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom , Repo Man , Dreamscape , Carmen , Utu , Stop Making Sense , A Soldier 's Story , Comfort and Joy , Independence Day , Mrs. Soffel , A Passage to India , Micki + Maude , The Makioka Sisters , The Return of the Soldier , A Private Function , The Purple Rose of Cairo , Heartbreakers , Lost in America , Ghare Baire , Prizzi 's Honor , The Shooting Party . The book is out-of-print in the United States , but is still published by Marion Boyars Publishers in the United Kingdom .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Meat_in_India", "score": 0.5904167294502258, "text": "Meat in India has been subject to controversies .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Criticism_of_Akira_Kurosawa", "score": 0.5889652371406555, "text": "Despite the extraordinary acclaim that Akira Kurosawa 's work has received both in Japan and abroad , his films , as well as Kurosawa as an individual , have also been subject to considerable criticism , much of it harsh . Although the main Akira Kurosawa article contains some of the criticisms cited below , for reasons of space much of this material had to be omitted from the main page . For the purpose of presenting fully the negative as well as the positive aspects of Kurosawa 's legacy , this more complete article was created . It should , however , be noted that , for many of the accusations leveled against the filmmaker 's work or his personality that are cited here , commentators taking the contrary view in defense of the director -- including Kurosawa himself -- have also been cited . The majority of these negative judgments fall into one or more of the following categories : a ) accusations , by European commentators , of insufficient `` Japaneseness , '' particularly compared to the work of the older director , Kenji Mizoguchi ; b ) accusations of sentimentality or didacticism ; c ) criticisms of the ( alleged ) political stances taken by Kurosawa in his films ; d ) objections to his films ' treatment of women ; e ) accusations of elitism ; f ) accusations of pandering directly to the tastes of Western audiences ; g ) criticisms of his alleged lack of contact ( after 1965 ) with contemporary realities ; and h ) claims of personal arrogance and mistreatment of colleagues .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Taking_It_All_In", "score": 0.58650803565979, "text": "Taking It All In is the seventh collection of movie reviews by the critic Pauline Kael and contains the 150 film reviews she wrote for The New Yorker between June 9 , 1980 , and June 13 , 1983 . She writes in the Author 's Note at the beginning of the collection that , `` it was a shock to discover how many good ones there were '' , as well as observing that only a very few of the movies she liked were box-office successes - E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , Tootsie , Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan . She laments that , `` in the '80s , films that are n't immediate box-office successes are instantly branded as losers , flops , bombs . Some of the movies that meant the most to me were in this doomed group - The Stunt Man , Pennies from Heaven , Blow Out , The Devil 's Playground , Melvin and Howard , Shoot the Moon , Come Back to the Five and Dime , Jimmy Dean , Jimmy Dean . '' The collection starts up after a gap of a year , part of which Kael spent in Los Angeles and what she learned during those months is summed up in the piece Why Are Movies So Bad ? This essay , ( in which she takes on the Hollywood money men whose love of swift and easy financial returns she believed led to the too many truly bad films on show at the time ) , is also included in the collection . ( `` Why Are Movies So Bad ? Or The Numbers '' ) . The book is out-of-print in the United States , but is still published by Marion Boyars Publishers in the United Kingdom .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "No_Reservations_(Blackfoot_album)", "score": 0.5864564776420593, "text": "No Reservations is the first album by the American Southern rock band Blackfoot , released in 1975 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Controversies_related_to_Vishwaroopam", "score": 0.5862213373184204, "text": "The 2013 Indian film Vishwaroopam was in the news for several critically viewed controversies . The first of this kind was the title naming issue , where the Hindu Makkal Katchi party demanded the change from its current Sanskrit title to a purely Tamil one . When Kamal Haasan announced a direct-to-home ( DTH ) premiere of the film , theatre owners demanded a rollback of this plan , as they feared major revenue losses to DTH companies . Threatened by a complete theatre boycott of Vishwaroopam , Haasan agreed to release the film first in theatres . Later , Muslim groups in Tamil Nadu demanded the ban of the film and claimed , that the film would hurt Muslim sentiments . Although the film was cleared by Central Board of Film Certification of India , district collectors in the state of Tamil Nadu gave orders to the theatre owners to not show Vishwaroopam , citing law and order problems , however the film released in other states with greater Muslim populations than in Tamil Nadu . The ban in Tamil Nadu triggered the stop of screenings in neighbouring Indian states as well as a few foreign markets . The film fraternity of India condemned the actions instructed by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Jayalalitha as a critical attack on freedom of speech in India , but she denied all allegations against her regarding political and business interests . After persistent pressure to cut the film by allegedly objectionable scenes , Kamal Haasan said , he could be forced to leave the state of Tamil Nadu and India , because he was `` fed up at being played around in a dirty political game '' . He estimated the loss of revenues , due to banning policies , somewhere between 300 -- 600 million . A mutual agreement with the Muslims of Tamil Nadu was finally settled on 2 February 2013 , when Haasan accepted to mute five scenes .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "List_of_films_with_a_100%_rating_on_Rotten_Tomatoes", "score": 0.5856428146362305, "text": "On the film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes , films which are reviewed by at least five critics , and which all of these critics consider to be good films , have a 100 % rating . Many of these films , particularly those with a high number of positive reviews , have achieved universal critical acclaim and are often considered some of the best . A number of these films also appear on the AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Movies lists , but there are many others and several entries with dozens of positive reviews , which are considered surprising to some experts .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Anthony_Bourdain:_No_Reservations", "score": 0.5852794051170349, "text": "Anthony Bourdain : No Reservations is an American travel and food show that airs on the Travel Channel ; it also airs on the Discovery Travel & Living channel around the world . In it , host Anthony Bourdain visits overseas countries , cities worldwide , and places within the U.S. , where hosts treat him to local culture and cuisine . The series premiered in 2005 on the Travel Channel . The format and content of the show is similar to Bourdain 's 2001 -- 2002 Food Network series , A Cook 's Tour . The Travel Channel announced that season 9 would be the show 's final season . Season 9 premiered on September 3 , 2012 and concluded with its series finale episode ( Brooklyn ) on November 5 , 2012 . The special episode Anthony Bourdain in Beirut that aired between Seasons 2 and 3 was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Informational Programming in 2007 . In 2009 and 2011 the series won the Emmy for `` Outstanding Cinematography For Nonfiction Programming '' .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
144047
Claire Danes is wedded to an actor from England.
[ { "id": "Claire_Danes", "score": 0.6871564388275146, "text": "Claire Catherine Danes ( born April 12 , 1979 ) is an American actress . She is the recipient of three Emmy Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , and two Screen Actors Guild Awards . In 2012 , Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world , and she was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2015 . Danes gained recognition with her role as Angela Chase in the acclaimed 1994 teen drama series My So-Called Life . The role won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress and a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series . She made her film debut the same year in Little Women ( 1994 ) . Her other films include Romeo + Juliet ( 1996 ) , The Rainmaker ( 1997 ) , Les Misérables ( 1998 ) , Brokedown Palace ( 1999 ) , the 1999 English dub of Princess Mononoke ( 1997 ) , Igby Goes Down ( 2002 ) , The Hours ( 2002 ) , Terminator 3 : Rise of the Machines ( 2003 ) , Shopgirl ( 2005 ) and Stardust ( 2007 ) . From 1998 to 2000 , Danes attended Yale University before dropping out to return to acting . She appeared in an Off-Broadway production of The Vagina Monologues in 2000 , and made her Broadway debut playing Eliza Doolittle in the 2007 revival of Pygmalion . In 2010 , she portrayed Temple Grandin in the highly acclaimed HBO TV film Temple Grandin , which won her a second Golden Globe and her first Primetime Emmy Award for the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie . Since 2011 , she has starred as Carrie Mathison in the Showtime drama series Homeland , for which she has won two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series , two Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Television Series Drama , and the Television Critics Association Award for Individual Achievement in Drama . She is married to actor Hugh Dancy , with whom she has one child ." }, { "id": "Hugh_Dancy", "score": 0.5520245432853699, "text": "Hugh Michael Horace Dancy ( born 19 June 1975 ) is an English actor and model . He is best known for his roles as Will Graham in the television series Hannibal for which he was nominated for two Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series and as Prince Charmont in Ella Enchanted . In 2006 , he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for his portrayal of the Earl of Essex in the Channel 4 miniseries Elizabeth I." } ]
[ { "id": "Tom_Austen", "score": 0.5884342789649963, "text": "Tom Austen is an English actor , known for his television appearances portraying Jasper Frost on The Royals and Guy Hopkins on Grantchester .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Wedding_of_Pavlos,_Crown_Prince_of_Greece,_and_Marie-Chantal_Miller", "score": 0.5858176350593567, "text": "The wedding of Pavlos , Crown Prince of Greece , Prince of Denmark and Marie-Chantal Miller took place on 1 July 1995 at St Sophia 's Cathedral , Bayswater , London , England . The wedding ceremony , hosted by Miller 's father , billionaire Robert Warren Miller , reportedly cost US$ 1.5 million and was attended by 1,400 guests . The wedding ceremony , receptions , and celebrations combined reportedly cost Miller $ 8 million . The wedding of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal brought together the largest gathering of royalty in London since Queen Elizabeth II married Prince Philip in 1947 and more crowned heads were in attendance than at the wedding of Charles , Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer . Pavlos , the eldest son of King Constantine II and Queen Anne-Marie of Greece , was one of the first European heirs apparent of his generation to marry a commoner , which began a trend then followed by Haakon , Crown Prince of Norway , Willem-Alexander , Prince of Orange , Victoria , Crown Princess of Sweden , Emanuele Filiberto , Prince of Venice and Piedmont , and Pavlos 's first cousins , Frederik , Crown Prince of Denmark and Felipe , Prince of Asturias .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Prince_Harald_of_Schaumburg-Lippe", "score": 0.5847201347351074, "text": "Prince Harald of Schaumburg-Lippe ( Harald Christian Leopold Gustav ; b. 27 March 1948 , in Schloss Hagenburg , Niedersachsen ) is the third son of Prince Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe and Princess Feodora of Denmark and the great-grandson of Frederick VIII of Denmark , a member of the Danish Royal Family . He married Petra Wera Kirstein on 22 July 1976 ; they divorced in 1980 . He married Gabrielle Hagermann on 23 September 1988 . Under Danish law he is not in line to inherit the throne , as he is not descended from Christian X . He is however in line of succession to the British throne as a descendant of George II of Great Britain , through his daughter Queen Louisa of Denmark and Norway .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridge", "score": 0.5828532576560974, "text": "Catherine , Duchess of Cambridge ( Catherine Elizabeth `` Kate '' ; née Middleton ; born 9 January 1982 ) is the wife of Prince William , Duke of Cambridge . Following his father Charles , Prince of Wales , William is second in line to succeed his grandmother , Queen Elizabeth II , as monarch of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms , making her a possible future queen . The duchess grew up in Chapel Row , a village near Newbury , Berkshire , England . She studied art history in Scotland at the University of St Andrews , where she met William in 2001 . Their engagement was announced on 16 November 2010 before they married on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey . The duke and duchess have two children : Prince George ( born 22 July 2013 ) and Princess Charlotte of Cambridge ( born 2 May 2015 ) , who are respectively third and fourth in line to the British throne . Her perceived impact on British and American fashion has been called the `` Kate Middleton effect '' in the media , and in 2012 and 2013 , she was selected as one of the `` 100 Most Influential People in the World '' by Time magazine .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "India_de_Beaufort", "score": 0.5823414325714111, "text": "India de Beaufort ( born India Beaufort Lloyd ; 27 June 1987 ) is a British actress and singer-songwriter , married to Actor Todd Grinnell .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "The_Danish_Girl_(film)", "score": 0.5812493562698364, "text": "The Danish Girl is a 2015 British-American romantic drama film directed by Tom Hooper , based on the 2000 fictional novel of the same name by David Ebershoff and loosely inspired by the lives of Danish painters Lili Elbe and Gerda Wegener . The film stars Eddie Redmayne as Elbe , one of the first known recipients of sex reassignment surgery , Alicia Vikander as Wegener , Ben Whishaw as Henrik , Sebastian Koch as Dr. Kurt Warnekros , Amber Heard as Ulla Paulson and Matthias Schoenaerts as Hans Axgil . The film was screened in the main competition section of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival , and it was shown in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released in a limited release on 27 November 2015 by Focus Features in the United States . The film was released on 1 January 2016 , in the United Kingdom , with Universal Pictures International handling international distribution . The film received some criticism for its inaccurate portrayal of historical events , but Redmayne and Vikander 's performances received widespread acclaim and nominations for all of the major acting awards . Vikander won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and Redmayne was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor . It was also nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York", "score": 0.5809373259544373, "text": "Prince Andrew , Duke of York , ( Andrew Albert Christian Edward , born 19 February 1960 ) , is the second son and third child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh . At the time of his birth , he was second in the line of succession to succeed his mother ; as of 2017 he is sixth in line . He holds the rank of commander and the honorary rank of vice admiral ( as of February 2015 ) in the Royal Navy , in which he served as an active duty helicopter pilot and instructor and as the captain of a warship . He saw active service during the Falklands War , flying on multiple missions including anti-surface warfare , Exocet missile decoy , and casualty evacuation . In 1986 , Prince Andrew married Sarah Ferguson ; the couple 's marriage , subsequent separation and eventual divorce in 1996 attracted a high level of media coverage . As well as carrying out various official engagements , he served as Britain 's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment until July 2011 .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Count_Ingolf_of_Rosenborg", "score": 0.5780301094055176, "text": "Count Ingolf of Rosenborg ( born 17 February 1940 ) is a former Danish prince . Born Prince Ingolf of Denmark ( Prins Ingolf Christian Frederik Knud Harald Gorm Gustav Viggo Valdemar Aage til Danmark ) , he appeared likely to some day become king until the constitution was changed in 1953 to allow females to inherit the crown , placing his branch of the dynasty behind that of his cousin Princess Margrethe and her two younger sisters . He later gave up his princely rank and his rights to the throne in order to marry a commoner . However , through his mother , he is a legitimate descendant of King George II of Great Britain , and retains a place in line to the British throne .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Lilly_Englert", "score": 0.5770429968833923, "text": "Lilly Englert is an English actor best known for A Midsummer Night 's Dream and Wilde Wedding .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "The_English_Marriage", "score": 0.5767213106155396, "text": "The English Marriage ( German : Die Englische Heirat ) is a 1934 German comedy film directed by Reinhold Schünzel and starring Adele Sandrock , Fritz Odemar and Georg Alexander . A young German woman is engaged to marry a British aristocrat , but has to win over his hostile family . It was based on a novel by Ludwig von Wohl .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Rowan_Atkinson", "score": 0.576591968536377, "text": "Rowan Sebastian Atkinson , MSc , CBE ( born 6 January 1955 ) is an English actor , comedian , and screenwriter best known for his work on the sitcoms Blackadder and Mr. Bean . Atkinson first came to prominence in the BBC 's sketch comedy show Not the Nine O'Clock News ( 1979 -- 82 ) , receiving the 1981 BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance , and via his participation in The Secret Policeman 's Ball from 1979 . His other work includes the 1983 James Bond film Never Say Never Again , playing a bumbling vicar in Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) , voicing the red-billed hornbill Zazu in The Lion King ( 1994 ) , and featuring in the BBC sitcom The Thin Blue Line ( 1995 -- 1996 ) . His work in theatre includes the 2009 West End revival of the musical Oliver ! . Atkinson was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest actors in British comedy , and amongst the top 50 comedians ever , in a 2005 poll of fellow comedians . In addition to his 1981 BAFTA , he received an Olivier Award for his 1981 West End theatre performance in Rowan Atkinson in Revue . He has also had cinematic success with his performances in the Mr. Bean movie adaptations Bean and Mr. Bean 's Holiday , and also in Johnny English ( 2003 ) and its sequel Johnny English Reborn ( 2011 ) . He currently stars as the titular character in Maigret since 2016 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Justin_Edwards_(actor)", "score": 0.5760688781738281, "text": "Justin Matthew Edwards ( born 1972 ) is an English actor and writer .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Wedding_of_Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden,_and_Daniel_Westling", "score": 0.5759525895118713, "text": "The wedding of Victoria , Crown Princess of Sweden and Daniel Westling took place on 2010 in Stockholm Cathedral . It has been described as `` Europe 's biggest royal wedding since the Prince of Wales married Lady Diana Spencer in 1981 . '' Westling thereby acquired Victoria 's ducal title , becoming a Swedish prince and Duke of Västergötland . In time for the wedding , a joint monogram of their initials was created .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Camilla,_Duchess_of_Cornwall", "score": 0.5756887793540955, "text": "Camilla , Duchess of Cornwall , ( née Camilla Rosemary Shand , previously Parker Bowles ; born 17 July 1947 ) , is the second wife of Charles , Prince of Wales , who is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II . Instead of using the title of Princess of Wales , she uses the title Duchess of Cornwall , which is her husband 's secondary designation . In Scotland , she is known as the Duchess of Rothesay . In the event of Charles acceding to the throne , Camilla would be entitled to use the style of a queen consort ; however , an official statement issued by Clarence House on the day of her marriage to Charles announced that she will be known as the Princess Consort . Camilla was born into a gentry family as the eldest child of Major Bruce Shand and his wife , the Honourable Rosalind Cubitt , the daughter of Roland Cubitt , 3rd Baron Ashcombe . She was raised in East Sussex and South Kensington , and was educated in England , Switzerland and France . Subsequently , she worked for different firms based in central London , most notably the decorating firm Sibyl Colefax & John Fowler . In 1973 , Camilla married British Army officer Andrew Parker Bowles , with whom she has two children . They divorced in 1995 . For many years , Camilla was in a relationship with the Prince of Wales before and after their former marriages . The relationship became highly publicised in the media and attracted worldwide scrutiny.Charles and Camilla : Portrait of a Love Affair by biographer Gyles Brandreth depicts Charles and Camilla 's relationship as controversial due to its longevity and throughout the book shows the media 's interest and representation to the public . In 2005 , it culminated in a civil marriage at Windsor Guildhall , which was followed by a televised Anglican blessing by the Archbishop of Canterbury , Rowan Williams , at St George 's Chapel , Windsor Castle . As the Duchess of Cornwall , Camilla assists the Prince of Wales on his official duties . She is also the patron , president and a member of numerous charities and organisations . Since 1994 , she has taken action on osteoporosis , which has earned her honours and awards . She has also raised awareness in areas including rape and sexual abuse , literacy and poverty , for which she has latterly been praised .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Henrik,_Prince_Consort_of_Denmark", "score": 0.5751857161521912, "text": "Prince Henrik of Denmark ( -LSB- ˈhɛnˀʁæɡ̊ -RSB- ; born Henri Marie Jean André de Laborde de Monpezat 11 June 1934 ) , is the husband of Queen Margrethe II . Henrik married Margrethe at the Naval Church of Copenhagen on 10 June 1967 and became her consort when she succeeded her father , King Frederick IX , as monarch of Denmark on 14 January 1972 . The couple have two sons , Crown Prince Frederik ( born 1968 ) and Prince Joachim ( born 1969 ) . In her New Year 's speech to the Danish people on 31 December 2015 Queen Margrethe announced that Prince Henrik would ` wind down ' and give up most of his official duties with immediate effect from 1 January 2016 . On 14 April 2016 Prince Henrik renounced the title of Prince Consort , which he had been given in 2005 .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Daniel_Radcliffe_on_screen_and_stage", "score": 0.5749891996383667, "text": "Daniel Radcliffe is an English actor who has appeared on film , television , and stage . He is best known for playing the role of ` Harry Potter ' in the eight-movie film series of the same name between 2001 and 2011 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Danish_Girl_(film)", "score": 0.5745394229888916, "text": "The Danish Girl is a 2015 British-American biographical romantic drama film directed by Tom Hooper . It is an adaptation of the 2000 fictional novel of the same name by David Ebershoff , which was loosely based on the life of Danish painter Lili Elbe , one of the earliest recipients of gender reassignment surgery . Eddie Redmayne stars as Elbe , Alicia Vikander plays Danish painter Gerda Wegener , with Matthias Schoenaerts , and Ben Whishaw featuring in supporting roles . The film premiered at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival on 5 September 2015 , where it received the Queer Lion . Focus Features initially provided the film a limited release at four theaters on 27 November 2015 before expanding to over 700 theaters in the United States and Canada on 22 January 2016 . The Danish Girl grossed a worldwide box office total of over $ 64 million on a production budget of $ 15 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator surveyed 208 reviews and judged 69 percent to be positive . The Danish Girl garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of Vikander and Redmayne . The film received four nominations at the 88th Academy Awards with Vikander winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . At the 69th British Academy Film Awards , it earned five nominations including Best British Film , Best Actor for Redmayne , and Best Actress for Vikander . Both Redmayne and Vikander were nominated at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards . Vikander also received a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance . At the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards , the film garnered five nominations with Vikander winning for Best Supporting Actress . The Danish Girl received seven nominations at the 20th Satellite Awards including Best Director for Hooper , Best Actor for Redmayne , and Vikander won for Best Supporting Actress . She also received the Empire Award for Best Actress , and the Palm Springs International Film Festival 's Rising Star Award .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Joe_Caffrey", "score": 0.5736390352249146, "text": "Joe Caffrey is an English actor .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Me_and_Orson_Welles", "score": 0.5724822282791138, "text": "Me and Orson Welles is a 2008 British-American period drama film directed by Richard Linklater and starring Zac Efron , Christian McKay , and Claire Danes . Based on Robert Kaplow 's novel of the same name , the story , set in 1937 New York , tells of a teenager hired to perform in Orson Welles 's groundbreaking stage adaptation of William Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar . He becomes attracted to a career-driven production assistant . The film was shot in London and New York and on the Isle of Man in February , March and April 2008 , and was released in the United States on November 25 , 2009 , and the United Kingdom on December 4 , 2009 . McKay 's portrayal of Welles was recognized with a multitude of accolades , and Me and Orson Welles was named one of the top ten independent films of the year by the National Board of Review .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Tristan_Matthiae", "score": 0.5714977383613586, "text": "Tristan Matthiae ( born 1978 ) is an English actor . While attending Hampton School , Matthiae trained at Heathrow Gymnastics Club as a member of the Junior Great Britain Sports Acrobatics Squad . In 2006 , he studied acting at Drama Studio London , graduating in June 2007 , and is now represented by Emptage Hallett . In February 2010 Matthiae was to have been married to Claire Sacre commissioning editor for Elle ( magazine ) .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
166161
Dangerous Liaisons is based on Christopher Hampton's novel.
[ { "id": "Dangerous_Liaisons", "score": 0.7687680125236511, "text": "Dangerous Liaisons is a 1988 American historical drama film based upon Christopher Hampton 's play Les liaisons dangereuses , which in turn was a theatrical adaptation of the 18th-century French novel Les Liaisons dangereuses by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos . The film was directed by Stephen Frears . The performances of Glenn Close , John Malkovich and Michelle Pfeiffer , the cinematography of Philippe Rousselot , the costume design by James Acheson , and the screenplay by Christopher Hampton , garnered critical acclaim . Swoosie Kurtz , Mildred Natwick and Peter Capaldi appeared in supporting roles , as did the young , and then-relatively unknown , actors Keanu Reeves and Uma Thurman . The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards , including Best Picture ; it won those for Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Costume Design , and Best Art Direction ." } ]
[ { "id": "Dangerous_Liaisons_(2005_film)", "score": 0.7194725871086121, "text": "Dangerous Liaisons is a gay pornographic film directed by Michael Lucas and released by Lucas Entertainment in 2005 . The film is a film adaptation of Les Liaisons Dangereuses , a novel written in 1782 by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos . Set in the fashion industry of modern-day New York City , Lucas inserted pornographic scenes into the common themes of lust and deceit for the plot of his X-rated version . A documentary of the film , More Dangerous : The Making of Michael Lucas ' Dangerous Liaisons , premiered at the 2006 Philadelphia International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival on July 22 , 2006 .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Dangerous_Liaisons_(2012_film)", "score": 0.6878682971000671, "text": "Dangerous Liaisons is a 2012 Chinese film by Hur Jin-ho loosely based on the novel with the same title by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos . The novel has been adapted numerous times , including Les Liaisons Dangereuses , an adaptation by Roger Vadim ( 1959 ) , the eponymous Hollywood film ( 1988 ) , Valmont ( 1989 ) , Cruel Intentions ( 1999 ) , and Untold Scandal from South Korea ( 2003 ) . This version is set in 1930s Shanghai and stars South Korean actor Jang Dong-gun and Chinese actresses Zhang Ziyi and Cecilia Cheung . The film screened in the Directors ' Fortnight section at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival , the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival , and the 2012 Busan International Film Festival .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Liaisons_dangereuses_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6625934839248657, "text": "Les Liaisons dangereuses is a French epistolary novel by Choderlos de Laclos . Les Liaisons dangereuses may also refer to : Les liaisons dangereuses ( film ) , a 1959 film adapted by Claude Brulé and directed by Roger Vadim Les Liaisons Dangereuses 1960 , the soundtrack by Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers with Barney Wilen for the above film Les liaisons dangereuses ( play ) , a 1985 play adapted by Christopher Hampton Les Liaisons dangereuses ( TV miniseries ) , a 2003 TV miniseries adapted by Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt Liaisons Dangereuses ( band ) , a German electropunk band from the early 1980s and their eponymous 1981 album", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Les_Liaisons_dangereuses_(miniseries)", "score": 0.6515800952911377, "text": "Les Liaisons dangereuses ( English title : Dangerous Liaisons ) is a 2003 French television mini-series directed by Josée Dayan starring Catherine Deneuve , Rupert Everett , Nastassja Kinski and Leelee Sobieski . It is based on the classic eighteenth-century novel Les Liaisons dangereuses by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Treats", "score": 0.6444521546363831, "text": "Treats is a 1975 play by Christopher Hampton about a love triangle .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Les_Liaisons_dangereuses", "score": 0.6439524292945862, "text": "Les Liaisons dangereuses ( -LSB- le ljɛ.zɔ̃ dɑ̃.ʒə.ʁøz -RSB- ; Dangerous Liaisons ) is a French epistolary novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos , first published in four volumes by Durand Neveu from March 23 , 1782 . It is the story of the Marquise de Merteuil and the Vicomte de Valmont , two rivals ( and ex-lovers ) who use seduction as a weapon to humiliate and degrade others , all the while enjoying their cruel games and boasting about their manipulative talents . It has been claimed to depict the decadence of the French aristocracy shortly before the French Revolution , thereby exposing the perversions of the so-called Ancien Régime . However , it has also been described as an amoral story . As an epistolary novel , the book is composed entirely of letters written by the various characters to each other . In particular , the letters between Valmont and the Marquise drive the plot , with those of their victims and other characters serving as contrasting figures to give the story its depth . It is often claimed to be the source of the saying `` Revenge is a dish best served cold '' , a paraphrased translation of `` La vengeance est un plat qui se mange froid '' ( more literally , `` Revenge is a dish that is eaten cold '' ) . However , the expression does not actually occur in the original novel in any form .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "The_Secret_Agent_(film)", "score": 0.6418660283088684, "text": "The Secret Agent is a 1996 American drama-thriller film written and directed by Christopher Hampton and starring Bob Hoskins and Patricia Arquette . It is adapted from Joseph Conrad 's 1907 novel of the same name .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Les_Liaisons_dangereuses_(film)", "score": 0.6361582279205322, "text": "Les liaisons dangereuses ( Dangerous Liaisons ) is a 1959 French-language film , loosely based on the 1782 novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos , though is set in present-day France . It was directed by Roger Vadim , and stars Jeanne Moreau , Gerard Phillipe , and Annette Vadim . It was a French/Italian co-production .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "The_Dangerous_Liaisons", "score": 0.6320720314979553, "text": "The Dangerous Liaisons is an opera in two acts and eight scenes , with music by Conrad Susa to an English libretto by Philip Littell . It is based on the novel Les Liaisons dangereuses by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos . The opera received its first performance by the San Francisco Opera on 10 September 1994 , with stage direction by Colin Graham and Donald Runnicles as the conductor . The world-premiere cast included Thomas Hampson as Valmont , Frederica von Stade as Merteuil , David Hobson as Chevalier de Danceny , Renée Fleming as Tourvel and Mary Mills as Cécile de Volanges . The opera was performed at Washington Opera in March 1998 . The opera has set numbers with recitative and spoken dialog . It is set in France in the 18th century and was also aired on the American PBS television network , a video recording of which was also made .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Michael_Jackson's_Dangerous_Liaisons", "score": 0.6222327947616577, "text": "Michael Jackson 's Dangerous Liaisons is a book by the writer and paedophile activist Tom O'Carroll , writing under the pen-name Carl Toms , in which the author reviews all-extensively the controversially intimate relationships of the American singer Michael Jackson with young boys . Published at 2010 in the United Kingdom by Troubador Publishing Ltd , the book received pre-publication endorsements from five professors : D. J. West , emeritus professor of clinical criminology , University of Cambridge ; Richard Green , emeritus professor of psychiatry , UCLA ; William Armstrong Percy III , professor of history , University of Massachusetts ; Thomas K. Hubbard , professor of classics , University of Texas ; and James R. Kincaid , professor of English , University of Southern California . After publication , J. Michael Bailey , professor of psychology at Northwestern University , also gave high praise in a review for Archives of Sexual Behavior . Describing the author as `` an unapologetic pedophile '' , Bailey nevertheless advised potential readers to set aside any scepticism to which that might give rise . `` The book , '' he wrote , `` is fascinating , challenging and discomfiting . Anyone wanting to understand Michael Jackson will need to read it . '' Bailey noted that the book takes `` a pro-pedophilic stance '' and argues `` persuasively '' that Jackson was `` almost certainly pedophilic '' .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Dangerous_Parking", "score": 0.6095530390739441, "text": "Dangerous Parking is a 2007 drama film based on the novel of the same name by Stuart Browne .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Bad_Liaisons", "score": 0.608058750629425, "text": "Bad Liaisons is a 1955 French drama film directed by Alexandre Astruc and starring Anouk Aimée . It tells the story of an ambitious journalist who has sacrificed her emotional life for the sake of her career . The story is told through flashbacks during a police interrogation . The film is based on the novel The Cautious Maiden by Cécil Saint-Laurent . Filming took place from 7 March to 7 May 1955 . The film was shown in competition at the 16th Venice International Film Festival and won the award for Most Promising New Director . It was released in France on 21 October 1955 .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Infamous_(film)", "score": 0.606515109539032, "text": "Infamous is a 2006 American drama film based on the 1997 book by George Plimpton Truman Capote : In Which Various Friends , Enemies , Acquaintances , and Detractors Recall His Turbulent Career . It covers the period from the late 1950s through the mid-1960s , during which Truman Capote researched and wrote his bestseller In Cold Blood . Capote is played by Toby Jones . Sandra Bullock , Daniel Craig , Lee Pace , and Jeff Daniels also have featured roles , with a supporting cast that includes Sigourney Weaver and Hope Davis and a song performance by Gwyneth Paltrow . According to writer/director Douglas McGrath in his DVD commentary , many of the scenes in Infamous occurred only in McGrath 's imagination , most notably a dramatic sexual encounter between Capote and inmate Perry Smith ( played by Craig ) .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "A_Dangerous_Encounter", "score": 0.6038931012153625, "text": "A Dangerous Encounter is a 1985 novel by the German writer Ernst Jünger . The story is set in Paris in the late 19th century and follows a murder investigation in a decadent aristocratic environment . The book was published in English in 1993 , translated by Hilary Barr .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Mortal_Stakes", "score": 0.6037000417709351, "text": "Mortal Stakes is the third Spenser novel by Robert B. Parker , first published in 1975 . The story centers on the Boston private eye being hired by the Red Sox to find out if their lead pitcher , Marty Rabb , is on the take . The investigation quickly takes him into a deeper , and more dangerous , blackmail plot involving pimps , a high class madam , and a vicious shylock . Marty Rabb 's wife , Linda Rabb , lived a secret life as a prostitute and made a pornographic film that is the backbone of the blackmail issue . Spenser must deal with the shylock , Frank Doerr , and his huge bodyguard before he can deal with the actual blackmailer ( which turns out to be the Red Sox broadcaster , Bucky Maynard ) . This book explains why Susan Silverman became his primary love interest instead of Brenda Loring . Spenser explains that he can talk to Susan about hard problems in a way that he ca n't with Brenda .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Mary_Reilly_(film)", "score": 0.6031200885772705, "text": "Mary Reilly is a 1996 American film directed by Stephen Frears and starring Julia Roberts and John Malkovich . The movie was written by Christopher Hampton and adapted from the novel Mary Reilly by Valerie Martin ( itself inspired by Robert Louis Stevenson 's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde ) . This was the re-teaming of director Frears , screenwriter Hampton , and actors Malkovich and Glenn Close , all of whom were involved in the Oscar-winning Dangerous Liaisons ( 1988 ) .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Welcome_to_Temptation", "score": 0.599206805229187, "text": "Welcome to Temptation is a contemporary romance written by Jennifer Crusie and released in 2000 . The novel explores the love story between Sophie Dempsey , a screenwriter making a movie in the small town of Temptation , and the mayor , Phinneas `` Phin '' Tucker . Over the course of the story , they solve a murder and deal with conflict around Sophie 's movie , which is alternately a documentary or a porn flick . The lead characters appear in supporting roles in the sequel , Faking It , which centers on Sophie 's brother , a secondary character in Welcome to Temptation . Crusie , who has often defended the romance genre against critics , wrote the novel to deconstruct the complaints levied against the genre . The novel examines perceptions of reality versus fantasy and concludes that embracing a fantasy may lead to greater self-awareness . Through imagery and plot points , Crusie shows the shift in the power dynamics between the couple change as their relationship progresses , resulting in a more equal balance of power . Sophie 's movie , which includes scenes taken from her courtship with Phin , provides an opportunity to explore the boundaries between private acts and public events . Using a protagonist who is also a con artist , Crusie highlights the inherent con in romance novels - that two extremely different people who have known each other for only a short time could live happily ever after . The book was well-received ; reviewers highlighted its humor , dialogue , and more daring sex scenes . It was a New York Times besteller and was number two on Amazon.com 's list of top contemporary romances of 2000 .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "The_Secret_Lovers_(novel)", "score": 0.59629887342453, "text": "The Secret Lovers , published by E.P. Dutton in 1977 , was the third of seven novels by the American novelist Charles McCarry to feature an American intelligence agent named Paul Christopher . It takes place in 1960 and ' 61 , a year after the events in the first Christopher novel , The Miernik Dossier , published in 1973 , and three years before the beginning of The Tears of Autumn , published in 1974 , which was actually the second book McCarry wrote about Christopher . Later books by McCarry , ten in all as of 2013 , expanded from focusing solely on Christopher into what might be considered a chronicle of the Christopher universe : two novels feature his cousins , the Hubbards , and in many of the Christopher novels his father , mother , one-time wife , and daughter play important and recurring roles . Also in this universe is a 1988 historical novel , The Bride of the Wilderness , about Christopher 's ancestors in 17th-century England , France , and Massachusetts . McCarry had been an undercover operative for the Central Intelligence Agency for nine years before turning to writing , and his books were hailed for their apparent authenticity and realistic depiction of tradecraft . The Miernik Dossier received excellent reviews , and instantly established McCarry 's reputation as one of the foremost American novelists of espionage . Like all of McCarry 's books , this one displays `` an almost Jamesian awareness of -LSB- its -RSB- European locale , the special authenticity of a loving expatriate writing of an adopted foreign land . ''", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Dangerous_Obsession", "score": 0.5961802005767822, "text": "Dangerous Obsession is a psychological thriller written by N. J. Crisp which premièred at the Churchill Theatre , Bromley on 9 November 1987 . A film , very loosely based on Crisp 's play , was filmed in 1999 as Darkness Falls , starring Ray Winstone , Tim Dutton and Sherilyn Fenn . N. J. Crisp 's name does not appear on the titles . Category : English plays Category : Thriller plays Category : Plays by N. J. Crisp Category : British plays adapted into films Category :1987 plays", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Dangerous_Liaisons_(The_Vampire_Diaries)", "score": 0.5939648151397705, "text": "`` Dangerous Liaisons '' is the fourteenth episode of the third season of The CW television series , The Vampire Diaries and the 58th episode of the series overall . It originally aired on February 9 , 2012 . The episode was written by Caroline Dries and directed by Chris Grismer .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
10265
The Academy Awards are an annual event.
[ { "id": "Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences", "score": 0.7137463688850403, "text": "The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS , also known as simply the Academy ) is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures . The Academy 's corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors , which includes representatives from each of the craft branches . The roster of the Academy 's approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a `` closely guarded secret '' . While the great majority of its members are based in the United States , membership is open to qualified filmmakers around the world . The Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards , now officially known as The `` Oscars '' . In addition , the Academy holds the Governors Awards annually for lifetime achievement in film ; presents Scientific and Technical Awards annually ; gives Student Academy Awards annually to filmmakers at the undergraduate and graduate level ; awards up to five Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting annually ; and operates the Margaret Herrick Library ( at the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study ) in Beverly Hills , California , and the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood , Los Angeles . The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017 ." }, { "id": "Academy_Awards", "score": 0.7908101081848145, "text": "The Academy Awards , now known officially as the Oscars , is a set of twenty-four awards for artistic and technical merit in the American film industry , given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the `` Academy Award of Merit '' , which has become commonly known by its nickname `` Oscar '' . The awards , first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel , are overseen by AMPAS . The awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953 . It is now seen live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online . The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony . Its equivalents -- the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music and recording -- are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 89th Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2016 , were held on February 26 , 2017 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th ." } ]
[ { "id": "2003_Academy_Awards", "score": 0.7131757736206055, "text": "2003 Academy Awards may refer to : 75th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 2003 76th Academy Awards , the 2004 ceremony honoring the best in film for 2003", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "2012_Academy_Awards", "score": 0.7107067704200745, "text": "2012 Academy Awards may refer to : 84th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony which took place in 2012 85th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony which took place in February 2013 honoring the best in film for 2012", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Japan_Academy_Prize_for_Animation_of_the_Year", "score": 0.7098845839500427, "text": "The of the Japan Academy Prize is one of the annual Awards given by the Nippon Academy-sho association ( Japan Academy Prize Association ) .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Japan_Academy_Prize_for_Screenplay_of_the_Year", "score": 0.7098845839500427, "text": "The of the Japan Academy Prize is one of the annual Awards given by the Nippon Academy-sho association ( Japan Academy Prize Association ) .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Japan_Academy_Prize_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_an_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role", "score": 0.7095680832862854, "text": "The of the Japan Academy Prize is one of the annual Awards given by the Nippon Academy-sho association ( Japan Academy Prize Association ) .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Japan_Academy_Prize_for_Director_of_the_Year", "score": 0.7095680832862854, "text": "The of the Japan Academy Prize is one of the annual Awards given by the Nippon Academy-sho association ( Japan Academy Prize Association ) .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Japan_Academy_Prize_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_an_Actress_in_a_Leading_Role", "score": 0.7095680832862854, "text": "The of the Japan Academy Prize is one of the annual Awards given by the Nippon Academy-sho association ( Japan Academy Prize Association ) .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Academy_Award_for_Best_Cinematography", "score": 0.7086291909217834, "text": "The Academy Award for Best Cinematography is an Academy Award awarded each year to a cinematographer for work on one particular motion picture .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "90th_Academy_Awards", "score": 0.7044297456741333, "text": "The 90th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , will honor the best films of 2017 and will take place on March 4 , 2018 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California , at 5:30 p.m. PST . The ceremony was scheduled well after its usual late-February date to avoid conflicting with the 2018 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS will present Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony will be televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd . Comedian Jimmy Kimmel will host for a second consecutive year .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "2005_Academy_Awards", "score": 0.7033577561378479, "text": "2005 Academy Awards may refer to : 77th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 2005 78th Academy Awards , the 2006 ceremony honoring the best in film for 2005", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "1st_Academy_Awards", "score": 0.7024333477020264, "text": "The 1st Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 1927 and 1928 and took place on May 16 , 1929 , at a private dinner held at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles , California . AMPAS president Douglas Fairbanks hosted the show . Tickets cost $ 5 ( which would be $ 69 in 2016 considering inflation ) , 270 people attended the event and the presentation ceremony lasted fifteen minutes . Awards were created by Louis B. Mayer , founder of Louis B. Mayer Pictures Corporation ( at present merged into Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ) . It is the only Academy Awards ceremony not to be broadcast either on radio or television . During the ceremony , the AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( now commonly referred to as Oscars ) in twelve categories . Winners were announced three months before the live event . Some nominations were announced without reference to a specific film , such as for Ralph Hammeras and Nugent Slaughter , who received nominations in the now defunct category of Engineering Effects . Unlike later ceremonies , an actor or director could be awarded for multiple works within a calendar year . Emil Jannings , for example , was given the Best Actor award for his work in both The Way of All Flesh and The Last Command . Moreover , Charlie Chaplin and Warner Brothers each received an Honorary Award . Major winners at the ceremony included 7th Heaven and Sunrise , which each received three awards , and Wings , receiving two awards . Among its honors , Sunrise won the award for Unique and Artistic Picture and Wings won the award for Outstanding Picture ( now known as Best Picture ) . These two categories at the time were seen as equally the top award of the night intended to honor different and equally important aspects of superior film making . The next year , the Academy dropped the Unique and Artistic Picture award , and decided retroactively that the award won by Wings was the highest honor that could be awarded .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "2009_Academy_Awards", "score": 0.7003669142723083, "text": "2009 Academy Awards may refer to : 81st Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony which took place in 2009 82nd Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony which took place in 2010", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "2010_Academy_Awards", "score": 0.6994838714599609, "text": "2010 Academy Awards may refer to : 82nd Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony which took place in 2010 , honoring the best in film for 2009 . 83rd Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony which took place in 2011 , honoring the best in film for 2010 .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "2008_Academy_Awards", "score": 0.6994739174842834, "text": "2008 Academy Awards may refer to : 80th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony which took place in 2008 81st Academy Awards , the 2009 ceremony honoring the best in film for 2008", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_Academy_Awards_ceremonies", "score": 0.6985317468643188, "text": "This is a list of Academy Awards ceremonies . This list is current as of the 89th Academy Awards ceremony held on February 26 , 2017 .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Oscar_season", "score": 0.6978994607925415, "text": "The Oscar season is the time period in which Hollywood studios release their more critically acclaimed films , hoping to win at the Academy Awards . Oscar season usually begins in the late-fall and early-winter , around November , and ends on December 31st of that year . although the date in which the summer blockbuster season ends and the Oscar season begins are ambiguous , and dependent on the year .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "2002_Academy_Awards", "score": 0.6975768804550171, "text": "2002 Academy Awards may refer to : 74th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 2002 75th Academy Awards , the 2003 ceremony honoring the best in film for 2002", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "2013_Academy_Awards", "score": 0.697320282459259, "text": "2013 Academy Awards may refer to : 85th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony which took place in 2013 86th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony which took place in 2014 honoring the best in film for 2013", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Grammy_Award", "score": 0.6968629360198975, "text": "A Grammy Award ( originally called Gramophone Award ) , or Grammy , is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry . The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists , and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest . It shares recognition of the music industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards ( television ) , the Tony Awards ( stage performance ) , and the Academy Awards ( motion pictures ) . The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4 , 1959 , to honor and respect the musical accomplishments by performers for the year 1958 . Following the 2011 ceremony , The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012 . The 59th Grammy Awards , honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016 , was held on February 12 , 2017 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "84th_Academy_Awards", "score": 0.6964213848114014, "text": "The 84th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2011 in the United States and took place on February 26 , 2012 , at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004 . On June 14 , 2011 , Academy president Tom Sherak announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to further revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2012 ceremony would feature between five and ten Best Picture nominees depending on voting results , as opposed to a set number of nominees . In related events , the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12 , 2011 . On February 11 , 2012 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Milla Jovovich . The Artist won five awards , including Best Actor for Jean Dujardin , Best Director for Michel Hazanavicius , and Best Picture , the first silent feature to win an Academy Award for Best Picture since 1927 's Wings , the inaugural winner in 1929 . Other winners included Hugo also with five awards , The Iron Lady with two awards , and Beginners , The Descendants , The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo , The Help , Midnight in Paris , The Muppets , Rango , Saving Face , A Separation , The Shore , and Undefeated with one . The telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
187935
Hubert Humphrey became the DFL candidate for mayor of a city.
[ { "id": "Hubert_Humphrey", "score": 0.7066674828529358, "text": "Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. ( May 27 , 1911January 13 , 1978 ) was an American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1965 to 1969 . Humphrey twice served in the United States Senate , representing Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and 1971 to 1978 . He was the nominee of the Democratic Party in the 1968 presidential election , losing to the Republican nominee Richard M. Nixon . Born in Wallace , South Dakota in 1911 , Humphrey attended the University of Minnesota before earning his pharmacist license from the Capitol College of Pharmacy in 1931 . He helped run his father 's pharmacy until 1937 when he returned to academia , graduating with a master 's degree from Louisiana State University in 1940 , where he was a political science instructor . He returned to Minnesota during World War II and became a supervisor for the Works Progress Administration . He was then appointed state director of the Minnesota war service program before becoming the assistant director of the War Manpower Commission . In 1943 , Humphrey became a professor of Political Science at Macalester College and ran a failed campaign for mayor of Minneapolis . Humphrey helped found the Minnesota Democratic -- Farmer -- Labor Party ( DFL ) in 1944 , and in 1945 , became the DFL candidate for mayor of Minneapolis for a second time , winning with 61 % of the vote . Humphrey served as mayor from 1945 to 1948 , he was reelected and became the co-founder of the liberal anti-communist group Americans for Democratic Action in 1947 . Humphrey was elected to the Senate in 1948 , the year his proposal of ending racial segregation was included in the party platform at the Democratic National Convention , where he gave one of his most notable speeches on the convention floor , suggesting the Democratic Party `` walk into the sunshine of human rights . '' He served three terms in the Senate from 1949 to 1964 and was the Democratic Majority Whip from 1961 to 1964 . During his tenure , Humphrey was the lead author of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , introduced the first initiative to create the Peace Corps , sponsored the clause of the McCarran Act to threaten concentration camps for ` subversives ' , proposed making Communist Party membership a felony and chaired the Select Committee on Disarmament . Humphrey ran for two failed Presidential campaigns in the 1952 and 1960 Democratic primaries . After Lyndon B. Johnson inherited the presidency after John F. Kennedy 's assassination in November 1963 , he chose Humphrey to be his running mate in 1964 against Republican Barry Goldwater and the Democratic ticket was elected in a landslide in 1964 . After Johnson made the surprise announcement that he would not seek reelection in March 1968 , Humphrey launched his campaign for the presidency the following month . Humphrey 's main Democratic challengers were anti-Vietnam War Senators Eugene McCarthy and Robert F. Kennedy . Humphrey , who was loyal to the Johnson administration 's policies on the Vietnam War as Vice President , saw opposition from many within his own party and avoided the primaries to focus on receiving the delegates of non-primary states at the Democratic Convention . Humphrey 's delegate strategy succeeded in clinching the nomination , choosing Senator Edmund Muskie as his running mate . With the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and the assassination of Robert Kennedy that year , and heightened opposition to the Vietnam War , the convention saw major protests which later proved costly to Humphrey 's campaign . On November 5 , 1968 , Humphrey lost to former Vice President Richard Nixon in the general election . Humphrey then returned to teaching in Minnesota before returning to the Senate in 1971 . He became the first Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate and served until his death in 1978 . Humphrey died of bladder cancer at his home in Waverly , Minnesota , and is buried at the Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis . He was succeeded by his wife of 41 years Muriel Humphrey as interim Senator for Minnesota ." }, { "id": "Minneapolis", "score": 0.5821061730384827, "text": "Minneapolis ( -LSB- mɪniˈæpəlɪs -RSB- ) is the county seat of Hennepin County , and the larger of the Twin Cities , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States . As of 2015 , Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States with a population of 410,939 . Minneapolis and Saint Paul anchor the second-largest economic center in the Midwest , after Chicago . Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River , just north of the river 's confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Saint Paul , the state 's capital . The city is abundantly rich in water , with thirteen lakes , wetlands , the Mississippi River , creeks and waterfalls , many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . It was once the world 's flour milling capital and a hub for timber . The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle , with Minneapolis proper containing America 's fifth-highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies . As an integral link to the global economy , Minneapolis is categorized as a global city . Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes , Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub . Reflecting the region 's status as an epicenter of folk , funk , and alternative rock music , the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century 's most influential musicians , including Bob Dylan and Prince . The name Minneapolis is attributed to Charles Hoag , the city 's first schoolteacher , who combined mni , a Dakota Sioux word for water , and polis , the Greek word for city ." } ]
[ { "id": "Kentucky_gubernatorial_election,_1971", "score": 0.6120423078536987, "text": "In 1971 , Kentucky held their gubernatorial election . The governor at the time , the Republican Louie B. Nunn , was ineligible for a second term due to term limits , a rule that was repealed in 1992 . In the Democratic primary , Lieutenant Governor Wendell H. Ford ran against former Governor Bert T. Combs and 6 other opponents . Ford would win in an easy victory that was n't expected . In the Republican primary , Thomas Emberton easily won his primary and was endorsed by Governor Nunn . In the general election , Ford and Emberton were joined by former Governor A. B. `` Happy '' Chandler , running as an Independent , as well as American Party candidate William Smith . The Republicans had hoped that Chandler would help Emberton 's chances , but Ford eventually won the general election .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York,_1924", "score": 0.6113938689231873, "text": "The 1924 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1924 . All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1924 United States presidential election . New York voters chose 45 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President . New York was won by incumbent Republican President Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts , who was running against Democratic Ambassador John W. Davis of West Virginia and the Progressive Party 's Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin . Coolidge 's running mate was former Budget Director Charles G. Dawes of Illinois and Davis ran with Governor Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska , while La Follette ran with Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana . In a three-way race , Coolidge won with a decisive majority of 55.76 % of the vote to Davis 's 29.13 % and La Follette 's 14.55 % , a victory margin of 26.63 % . In the midst of a nationwide Republican landslide , New York 's results in this election made the state about 2 % more Republican than the national average . Coolidge swept every county in the state of New York , winning every upstate county as well as sweeping all 5 boroughs of New York City , the last time a Republican presidential candidate has done so . The 1920s were a fiercely Republican decade in American politics , and New York in that era was a fiercely Republican state in presidential elections . The economic boom and social good feelings of the Roaring Twenties under popular Republican leadership virtually guaranteed Calvin Coolidge an easy win in the state against the conservative Southern Democrat John Davis , who had little appeal in Northern states like New York . Coolidge won a strong majority statewide even with the Republican vote being split by the strong third party candidacy of Robert La Follette , a Republican Senator who had run as the Progressive Party candidate and peeled away the votes of many progressive Republicans . Robert La Follette 's Progressive support was strongest in the New York City area , where he took double digit support , and even broke 20 % of the vote in the boroughs of Manhattan , Brooklyn , and the Bronx . Nevertheless , Coolidge won all five boroughs of New York City , and thus easily won the city as a whole with a plurality of the vote . Coolidge won with pluralities of the vote in Manhattan , Brooklyn , the Bronx , and Staten Island , and took an absolute majority of the vote in Queens . From his time as Governor of Massachusetts , Coolidge remained , for a Republican , relatively popular with Irish Catholic and other ethnic immigrant communities , helping him to hold on to New York City . Many of these voters would defect to the Democrats for Catholic New Yorker Al Smith in 1928 and become reliable Democratic voters after that . Hence 1924 remains the last election in which a Republican has won the boroughs of Manhattan , Brooklyn , and the Bronx , and also the last election in which a Republican has won New York City as a whole . Combined with decisive Republican majorities in every county in upstate New York and in Long Island , Coolidge easily dominated New York State 's election returns in 1924 . No Republican since has been able to outperform Coolidge 's county-level performance or surpass his statewide margin of victory ; the only stronger Republican win in New York 's history was when Coolidge was running for Vice President four years earlier in Warren G. Harding 's massive landslide of 1920 . 1924 also made Calvin Coolidge one of only three presidential candidates of either party who has been able to sweep every county in New York State , the others being Republican Warren G. Harding in 1920 and Democrat Lyndon Johnson in 1964 .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Richard_Nixon_presidential_campaign,_1968", "score": 0.6113572716712952, "text": "The 1968 presidential campaign of Richard Nixon , the 36th Vice President of the United States , began when Nixon , the Republican nominee of 1960 , formally announced his candidacy following a year 's preparation and five years ' political reorganization following defeats in the 1960 presidential election , and the 1962 California gubernatorial election . En route to the Republican Party 's presidential nomination , Nixon faced challenges from Governor George Romney of Michigan , Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York , Governor Ronald Reagan of California , and Senator Charles Percy of Illinois . Nixon won nine of the thirteen state primaries held that season , although due to the population of his state , Governor Reagan won the popular vote while carrying only California . These victories , along with pledged delegate support from states not holding primaries , secured Nixon the nomination on the first ballot of the Republican National Convention , where he named Governor Spiro Agnew of Maryland as his running mate . In the general election , Nixon emphasized `` law and order , '' positioning himself as the champion of what he called the `` silent majority . '' Running well ahead of his opponent , incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey , his support slipped in the polls following his refusal to partake in presidential debates , and following an announcement from President Lyndon B. Johnson that a halt in bombing of Vietnam had been negotiated . Winning a close election on November 5 , 1968 , Nixon and Agnew were inaugurated as the 37th President of the United States and 39th Vice President of the United States , respectively , on January 20 , 1969 . He was the first Vice President elected President since Martin Van Buren in 1836 , and the only one to do so while not an incumbent .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota,_1972", "score": 0.6099169254302979, "text": "South Dakota was the home state of George McGovern , the Democratic Party nominee in the 1972 United States presidential election . Although McGovern , a member of the liberal wing of his party in a relatively conservative state , was at the time of the election a popular two-term Senator , having won re-election in 1968 with 56.8 % of the vote , he lost the presidential vote here to incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon . McGovern 's loss was heavily influenced by voter opposition to his supposedly far-left ideology . McGovern 's loss of South Dakota made him the second candidate in four years to lose his state of birth ( in 1968 Hubert Humphrey also lost South Dakota , where he was born ) and residence ( also in 1968 Richard Nixon lost New York , where he then resided ) . McGovern remained the last candidate to lose his state of residence until 2000 , when Al Gore lost Tennessee . Donald Trump would lose his home State of New York in 2016 , to Hillary Clinton Despite South Dakota weighing in as nearly 15 % more Democratic than the national average for this election , it is actually tied for the longest Republican streak since 1964 .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1984", "score": 0.6089329719543457, "text": "The 1984 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1984 U.S. presidential election . Former Vice President Walter Mondale was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1984 Democratic National Convention held from July 16 to July 19 , 1984 , in San Francisco , California . As of 2017 , this is the earliest Democratic primary in which all primary winners ( of at least one contest ) are still living .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Washington,_D.C._mayoral_election,_1974", "score": 0.6083897352218628, "text": "Washington , D.C. held its first direct mayoral election on November 5 , 1974 . It followed the passage of the District of Columbia Home Rule Act by the U.S. Congress in 1973 . The election was won by Democrat Walter Washington . As with every mayoral election that followed , the 1974 race was at its most intense in the Democratic Primary , with 90 percent of DC 's voters registered as Democrats . The primary contest was a seven-person race , but the highest profile candidates were Walter Washington , then incumbent as the presidentially appointed Mayor-Commissioner , and Clifford Alexander , Jr. , former chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission . Washington was by far the favorite at the start of the campaign in May 1974 , but tightened as the September primary drew closer . Washington won the September 10 primary , 53 % -47 % .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Governorship_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt", "score": 0.6082274913787842, "text": "Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected governor of New York in 1928 and served from 1 January 1929 until his election as President of the United States in 1932 . His term as governor provided him with a high-visibility position in which to prove himself as well as provide a major base from which to launch a bid for the presidency . After several years out of politics following his defeat for vice president in the 1920 presidential election , by 1928 , Roosevelt believed he had recovered sufficiently to resume his political career . He had been careful to maintain his contacts in the Democratic Party . In 1924 , he had attended the 1924 Democratic National Convention and made a presidential nomination speech for the then-governor of New York , Al Smith . Although Smith was not nominated , he ran again in 1928 , and Roosevelt again supported him . This time , he became the Democratic candidate , and he urged Roosevelt to run for governor of New York .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1928", "score": 0.6079966425895691, "text": "The 1928 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1928 U.S. presidential election . New York Governor Al Smith was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1928 Democratic National Convention held from June 26 to June 28 , 1928 , in Houston , Texas .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Texas_Democratic_primary,_2004", "score": 0.6072245240211487, "text": "A presidential primary for the Democratic Party was held in Texas in 2004 as part of the selection process for the Democratic candidate for the presidential elections that year .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Politics_of_New_York_City", "score": 0.607223629951477, "text": "The city government of New York City controls a budget of about $ 78.3 billion a year , as of 2016 . Officials receive municipal funding for their campaigns , and are elected for a maximum of two terms . City government is dominated by the Democratic Party , which also normally attracts majority support within the city in State , Congressional , and Presidential elections . The suffrage has been extended in stages since the founding of the state : African-Americans received the vote in 1870 and women in 1920 . Since 1968 , electoral district boundaries at all levels have been drawn so as to ensure minority representation . New York City politicians have often exerted influence in other countries represented in the city 's ethnic mix , as in the development of the MacBride Principles affecting employment practices in Northern Ireland . The city contains many headquarters of Federal institutions and military installations .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_mayors_of_Terre_Haute,_Indiana", "score": 0.6066412329673767, "text": "The Mayor is the highest elected official in Terre Haute , Indiana .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building", "score": 0.6060839295387268, "text": "The Hubert H. Humphrey Building is a low-rise Brutalist office building located in Washington , D.C. , in the United States . Originally known as the South Portal Building , the Hubert H. Humphrey Building was dedicated on November 1 , 1977 . It became the headquarters of the United States Department of Health , Education , and Welfare ( HEW ) . After the department 's education component was given to the newly created United States Department of Education in 1979 , the newly named United States Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) continued to occupy the structure . The Hubert H. Humphrey Building is located at 200 Independence Avenue SW in Washington , D.C. . It is named for Hubert H. Humphrey , then serving as U.S. Senator from Minnesota , and formerly Vice President of the United States .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire,_1964", "score": 0.6060619950294495, "text": "The 1964 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 5 , 1964 as part of the 1964 United States presidential election , which was held throughout all 50 states and D.C. Voters chose four representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . New Hampshire was won overwhelmingly by the Democratic nominees , incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas and his running mate Senator Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota . Johnson and Humphrey defeated the Republican nominees , Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona and his running mate Congressman William E. Miller of New York . Johnson took 63.89 percent of the vote to Goldwater 's 36.11 perccent , a margin of 27.78 percent . The staunch conservative Barry Goldwater was widely perceived in the liberal Northeastern United States as a right-wing extremist ; he had voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , and the Johnson campaign portrayed him as a warmonger who as president would provoke a nuclear war . Thus Goldwater performed especially weakly in liberal northeastern states like New Hampshire , and for the first time in history , a Democratic presidential candidate swept every Northeastern state in 1964 . Not only did Johnson win every Northeastern state , but he won all of them with landslides of over sixty percent of the vote , including New Hampshire . Despite the scale of Johnson 's statewide win , he did not sweep every county in New Hampshire . Carroll County had long been the most Republican county in New Hampshire , voting over seventy percent Republican in 1960 and over eighty percent Republican in 1952 and 1956 . In 1964 , Carroll County would again be the most Republican county in the state , voting 55 -- 45 Goldwater even as every other county in the state voted decisively for Johnson . Carroll County was not only the only county carried by Goldwater in New Hampshire , it was the only county Goldwater won in all of the Northeastern United States outside of Pennsylvania . Despite the landslide loss , New Hampshire would prove to be Goldwater 's strongest state in the Northeast . Johnson won the remainder of the state by decisive margins , with his strongest victories in the New Deal Democratic base counties of Hillsborough County , Strafford County , and Coos County , which had long been Democratic counties in an otherwise Republican state , even as the rest of the state finally joined them in voting Democratic in 1964 . His strongest victory was in rural Coös County in the far north of the state , which Johnson won with 71.1 % of the vote . As Johnson won a decisive nationwide landslide with 61.05 percent of the vote , normally Republican-leaning New Hampshire 's results made the state over five percent more Democratic than the national average in the 1964 election . Only in the 1920 Republican landslide , when the state was James M. Cox 's second-best antebellum free state despite being lost by twenty percentage points , has New Hampshire voted more Democratic relative to the nation .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "1924_Democratic_National_Convention", "score": 0.6059802770614624, "text": "The 1924 Democratic National Convention , also called the Klanbake , held at the Madison Square Garden in New York City from June 24 to July 9 , 1924 , took a record 103 ballots to nominate a presidential candidate . It was the longest continuously running convention in United States political history . It was the first major party national convention that saw the name of a woman , Lena Springs , placed in nomination for the office of Vice President . John W. Davis , initially an outsider , eventually won the presidential nomination as a compromise candidate following a virtual war of attrition between front-runners William Gibbs McAdoo and Al Smith . Davis and his vice presidential running-mate , Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska , went on to be defeated by the Republican ticket of President Calvin Coolidge and Charles G. Dawes in the 1924 presidential election .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1992", "score": 0.6058462858200073, "text": "The 1992 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1992 U.S. presidential election . Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1992 Democratic National Convention held from July 13 to July 16 , 1992 , in New York City .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota,_1964", "score": 0.6057863831520081, "text": "The 1964 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 3 , 1964 in Minnesota as part of the 1964 United States presidential election . The Democratic Party candidate , incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson , who had assumed the presidency less than a year earlier following the assassination of John F. Kennedy , won the state over U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona by a margin of 431,493 votes , or 27.76 % . Johnson went on to win the election nationally , by a landslide margin of 22.58 % of the popular vote . Goldwater carried only six states , including his home state of Arizona , together with the five southern states of Alabama , Georgia , Louisiana , Mississippi , and South Carolina . In the 1964 election , President Johnson carried Minnesota -- which tended to favor Republicans prior to the 1974 Watergate Scandal -- by a margin of victory that had n't been seen in a presidential election in the state since Franklin D. Roosevelt carried the state by a margin of 30.83 % over Alf Landon in 1936 . This margin of victory was aided by the fact that Hubert Humphrey , the state 's incumbent US Senator , was on the Democratic ticket for Vice President . Nationally , no candidate since James Monroe 's re-election in 1820 had won as great a percentage of the popular vote as did Johnson in 1964 , nor has any candidate since 1964 .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Bill_Gluba", "score": 0.6051532626152039, "text": "Bill Gluba is the former mayor of Davenport , Iowa . Born in Davenport , he received a bachelor 's degree in political science from St. Ambrose University in Davenport . He received a master 's degree in political science from the University of Iowa . In 1963 , he took part in the historic March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom . He served on the Scott County , Iowa , Board of Supervisors ( 1977 -- 1980 ) as well as in the Iowa State House ( 1971 -- 72 ) and Senate ( 1973 -- 76 ) as a Democrat . He has unsuccessfully run for Congress in Iowa 's 1st Congressional District three times , first against Congressman Jim Leach in 1982 ( Leach 59.2 % - Gluba 40.8 % ) and again in 1988 ( Leach 60.7 % - Gluba 38.4 % ) . In 2004 he was nominated to run against incumbent Congressman Jim Nussle and was defeated ( Nussle 55 % - Gluba 44 % ) . In 2006 , Nussle decided to not seek another term in Congress , but instead run for the office of Iowa governor as Tom Vilsack was not seeking another term for that office . Gluba , Rick Dickinson of Dubuque , and Bruce Braley had declared themselves candidates to be the representative for the Democratic leaning district that includes Dubuque , Davenport , and Waterloo as its largest cities . Braley later won the primary , and subsequently won the seat in the November 2006 general election . On August 31 , 2007 , Gluba officially filed as a candidate for mayor of his hometown of Davenport , Iowa . He faced former mayor Phil Yerington and at-large Alderwoman Jamie Howard in the primary . On primary day , October 9 , Gluba won , receiving 4,784 votes , or 45.33 % . Gluba faced Yerington , who placed second with 3,495 votes , or 33.12 % , in a runoff held on November 6 , 2007 . Gluba defeated Yerington , with 10,544 votes or 62 % percent . In 2009 and 2011 Gluba ran for a second and third term as mayor unopposed . In 2013 , he won election to a fourth term with 65 % of the vote . Gluba has also worked as a real estate broker with RE/MAX River Cities . Inc. , Bettendorf , Iowa .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Willie_Mae_Reid", "score": 0.6050698161125183, "text": "Willie Mae Reid is an African-American politician who ran as the Socialist Workers Party candidate for Mayor of Chicago in 1975 , winning 16,693 votes but coming in third place against Richard J. Daley . The number had fallen from the number of signatures she 'd acquired to get on the ballot , 66,000 . She also ran as their vice presidential candidate in 1976 ( Presidential candidate : Peter Camejo ) and 1992 ( Presidential candidate : James `` Mac '' Warren ) , winning 91,314 votes .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama,_1968", "score": 0.605006992816925, "text": "The United States presidential election in Alabama , 1968 was held on November 5 , 1968 . Southern populist and segregationist candidate George Wallace , the former Governor of Alabama running as a third party candidate with his American Independent Party , won his home state in a landslide . Wallace received the official Democratic Party ballot line in Alabama , while national Democratic Party nominee Hubert H. Humphrey was forced to run on the National Democratic party ballot line . National Democratic Party of Alabama Wallace won 65.86 % to Democrat Hubert Humphrey 's 18.72 % , a 47.13 % margin . Republican Richard Nixon , while narrowly winning the election nationally , finished a distant third in Alabama with only 13.99 % . Reflecting his statewide landslide , Wallace won 64 of the state 's 67 counties . As African-Americans in the South were slowly gaining the right to vote as a result of federal civil rights legislation passed in 1964 and 1965 , Wallace 's weakest region was Alabama 's Black Belt , where he won most counties with narrow majorities or pluralities . He lost three counties in this region , Sumter County , Greene County , and Macon County , all with large black populations , to pro-civil rights candidate Hubert Humphrey . In black-majority Macon County , pro-civil rights Democrat Hubert Humphrey won a commanding landslide , taking 69.7 % of the vote to Wallace 's 25.4 % , reflecting the deep divide between the state 's white and black voter populations .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1980", "score": 0.6047837138175964, "text": "The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14 , 1980 , in New York City . It is notable for being the last time that an incumbent president lost a state 's presidential primary .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
139841
Alex Rodriguez has 666 home runs.
[ { "id": "Alex_Rodriguez", "score": 0.6675019860267639, "text": "Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez ( born July 27 , 1975 ) , nicknamed `` A-Rod '' , is a Dominican-American former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman . He played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Texas Rangers , and New York Yankees . Rodriguez was one of the sport 's most highly touted prospects and is considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time . During his 22-year career , Rodriguez has amassed a .297 batting average , 696 home runs , over 2,000 runs batted in ( RBI ) , over 2,000 runs scored , and over 3,000 hits . He is a 14-time All-Star and has won three American League ( AL ) Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Awards , ten Silver Slugger Awards , and two Gold Glove Awards . Rodríguez is the career record holder for grand slams with 25 . However , he has led a highly controversial career due to signing two of the most lucrative sports contracts in history while incurring criticism from the media for his behavior and use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs . The Mariners selected Rodriguez first overall in the 1993 MLB draft , and he debuted in the major leagues the following year at the age of 18 . In 1996 , he became the Mariners ' starting shortstop and finished second in voting for the AL MVP Award . Rodriguez 's combination of power , speed , and defense made him a cornerstone of the franchise , but he left the team via free agency after the 2000 season to join the Rangers . The 10-year , $ 252 million contract he signed was the richest in baseball history . He played at a high level in his three years with Texas , highlighted by his first AL MVP Award win in 2003 , but the team failed to make the playoffs during his tenure . Prior to the 2004 season , Rodriguez was traded to the Yankees , for whom he converted to a third baseman due to incumbent shortstop Derek Jeter . In his first four seasons with New York , he was twice more named AL MVP . After opting out of his contract following the 2007 season , Rodriguez signed a new 10-year , $ 275 million deal with the Yankees , extending his record for the sport 's most lucrative contract . He became the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs , reaching the milestone in 2007 . He won his first World Series in 2009 , which was the first year of the new Yankee Stadium . The following year , he became the career leader in home runs by a player of Hispanic descent . In recent years , Rodriguez has been hampered by hip and knee injuries , which have caused him to exclusively become a designated hitter . He played his final game as a Yankee on August 12 , 2016 . In February 2009 , after previously denying use of performance-enhancing drugs , including during a 2007 interview with Katie Couric on 60 Minutes , Rodriguez admitted to using steroids , saying he used them from 2001 to 2003 when playing for Rangers due to `` an enormous amount of pressure '' to perform . While recovering from a hip injury in 2013 , Rodriguez made headlines by feuding with team management over his rehabilitation and for having allegedly obtained performance-enhancing drugs as part of the Biogenesis baseball scandal . In August 2013 , MLB suspended him 211 games for his involvement in the scandal , but he was allowed to play while appealing the punishment . Had the original suspension been upheld , it would have been the longest non-lifetime suspension in Major League Baseball history . After an arbitration hearing , the suspension was reduced to 162 games , keeping him off the field for the entire 2014 season ." } ]
[ { "id": "At_bats_per_home_run", "score": 0.6333457827568054, "text": "In baseball statistics , at bats per home run ( AB/HR ) is a way to measure how frequently a batter hits a home run . It is determined by dividing the number of at bats by the number of home runs hit . Mark McGwire possesses the MLB record for this statistic with a career ratio of 10.61 at bats per home run and Babe Ruth is second , with 11.76 at bats per home run . Giancarlo Stanton , with 14.33 at bats per home run , currently holds the record among active players .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Derek_Jeter", "score": 0.6311257481575012, "text": "Derek Sanderson Jeter ( -LSB- ˈdʒiːtər -RSB- ) ( born June 26 , 1974 ) is an American former professional baseball shortstop who played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the New York Yankees . A five-time World Series champion , Jeter is regarded as a central figure of the Yankees ' success of the late 1990s and early 2000s for his hitting , baserunning , fielding , and leadership . He is the Yankees ' all-time career leader in hits ( 3,465 ) , doubles ( 544 ) , games played ( 2,747 ) , stolen bases ( 358 ) , times on base ( 4,716 ) , plate appearances ( 12,602 ) and at bats ( 11,195 ) . His accolades include 14 All-Star selections , five Gold Glove Awards , five Silver Slugger Awards , two Hank Aaron Awards , and a Roberto Clemente Award . Jeter became the 28th player to reach 3,000 hits and finished his career sixth all-time in career hits and the all-time MLB leader in hits by a shortstop . His uniform number , 2 , was retired by the Yankees in a ceremony on May 14th 2017 . The Yankees drafted Jeter out of high school in 1992 , and he debuted in the major leagues at age 21 in 1995 . The following year , he became the Yankees ' starting shortstop , won the Rookie of the Year Award , and helped the team win the 1996 World Series . Jeter continued to contribute during the team 's championship seasons of 1998 -- 2000 ; he finished third in voting for the American League ( AL ) Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Award in 1998 , recorded multiple career-high numbers in 1999 , and won both the All-Star Game MVP and World Series MVP Awards in 2000 . He consistently placed among the AL leaders in hits and runs scored for most of his career , and served as the Yankees ' team captain from 2003 until his retirement in 2014 . Throughout his career , Jeter contributed reliably to the Yankees ' franchise successes . He holds many postseason records , and has a .321 batting average in the World Series . Jeter has earned the nicknames of `` Captain Clutch '' and `` Mr. November '' due to his outstanding play in the postseason . Jeter is one of the most heavily marketed athletes of his generation and is involved in several product endorsements . His personal life and relationships with celebrities have drawn the attention of the media throughout his career . Teammates and opponents alike regard Jeter as a consummate professional and one of the best players of his generation .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Carlos_Delgado", "score": 0.6308612823486328, "text": "Carlos Juan Delgado Hernández ( born June 25 , 1972 ) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball player . With 473 home runs and 1,512 RBI , he holds the all-time home run and RBI records among Puerto Rican players . He is one of only six players in Major League history to hit 30 home runs in ten consecutive seasons , becoming the fourth player to do so . During his twelve years with the Toronto Blue Jays , Delgado set many team records , including home runs ( 336 ) , RBI ( 1,058 ) , walks ( 827 ) , slugging percentage ( .556 ) , OPS ( .949 ) , runs ( 889 ) , total bases ( 2,786 ) , doubles ( 343 ) , runs created ( 1,077 ) , extra base hits ( 690 ) , times on base ( 2,362 ) , hit by pitch ( 122 ) , intentional walks ( 128 ) and at bats per home run ( 14.9 ) . Delgado also played for the Florida Marlins and New York Mets . On February 4 , 2015 , Delgado was elected to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Jim_Thome", "score": 0.6307510137557983, "text": "James Howard `` Jim '' Thome ( -LSB- ˈtoʊmi -RSB- born August 27 , 1970 ) is a former American baseball player who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , from 1991 to 2012 . He played for six different teams , most notably the Cleveland Indians during the 1990s and the Philadelphia Phillies in the early 2000s . A prolific power hitter , Thome hit 612 home runs during his career -- the seventh-most all time -- along with 2,328 hits , 1,699 runs batted in ( RBIs ) , and a .276 batting average . He was a member of five All-Star teams and won a Silver Slugger Award in 1996 . Thome grew up in Peoria , Illinois , as part of a large blue-collar family of athletes , who predominantly played baseball and basketball . After attending Illinois Central College , he was drafted by the Indians in 1989 and made his major league debut in 1991 . Early in his career , he played third base before eventually becoming a first baseman . With the Indians , Thome was part of a core of players that led the franchise to two World Series appearances in three years during the mid-1990s . He spent over a decade with Cleveland before leaving via free agency after the 2002 season to join the Philadelphia Phillies , with whom he spent the following three seasons . Traded to the Chicago White Sox before the 2006 season , Thome won the American League Comeback Player of the Year Award that year and reached the 500 home run club during his three-season tenure with the team . By this point in his career , back pain limited Thome to being a designated hitter . After stints with the Los Angeles Dodgers and Minnesota Twins , he made brief returns to Cleveland and Philadelphia before ending his career with the Baltimore Orioles . Upon retiring , Thome accepted an executive position with the White Sox . Throughout his career , Thome 's strength was power hitting . In six different seasons , he hit more than 40 home runs , and in 2003 , he led the National League in home runs with 47 . His career on-base plus slugging ( OPS ) of .956 is 19th all time . In 2011 , he became the eighth MLB player to hit 600 home runs . As of 2017 Thome is the career leader in walk-off home runs with 13 . One of Thome 's trademarks was his unique batting stance , in which he held the bat out with his right hand and pointed it at right field before the pitcher threw , something he first saw in The Natural . Thome was known for his consistently positive attitude and `` gregarious '' personality . An active philanthropist during his playing career , he was honored with two Marvin Miller Man of the Year Awards and a Lou Gehrig Memorial Award for his community involvement .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_runs_scored_leaders", "score": 0.6259891986846924, "text": "In Major League Baseball , players have scored six or more runs in one game 16 times . This record has been achieved by 15 players , the most recent being Joe Randa of the Kansas City Royals on September 9 , 2004 . Mel Ott is the only player to accomplish the feat twice , doing so nearly a decade apart . Three players -- Ott , Cap Anson , and King Kelly -- have been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame . A player 's team has never lost a game in which he scored six runs . None of the players who have scored six runs are currently active in MLB . Guy Hecker scored seven runs for the Louisville Colonels against the Baltimore Orioles in the American Association on August 15 , 1886 , setting the record for professional baseball . Hecker is also the only pitcher to score as many as six runs in a game . In addition , Hecker collected six hits , another unique accomplishment for a pitcher . Shawn Green 's six run game set the Major League record for total bases ( 19 ) and tied the Major League records for home runs ( 4 ) and extra-base hits ( 5 ) . Five players on this list also collected six hits on their way to scoring six runs : King Kelly , Ginger Beaumont , Edgardo Alfonzo , Shawn Green and Joe Randa . The record for runs in a postseason game is five .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_hits_leaders", "score": 0.62546706199646, "text": "In baseball , a hit is credited to a batter when he reaches first base -- or any subsequent base -- safely after hitting a fair ball , without the benefit of an error or a fielder 's choice . One hundred fourteen different players have recorded at least six hits in a single nine-inning Major League Baseball ( MLB ) game to date , the most recent being Anthony Rendon of the Washington Nationals on April 30 , 2017 . Regarded as a notable achievement , five players have accomplished the feat more than once in their career ; no player has ever recorded more than seven hits in a nine-inning game . Davy Force was the first player to collect six hits in a single game , doing so for the Philadelphia Athletics against the Chicago White Stockings on June 27 , 1876 . These games have resulted in other single-game MLB records being set due to the stellar offensive performance . Shawn Green , for example , established a new major league record with 19 total bases and finished with a total of five extra-base hits , tying a National League record that was also achieved by Larry Twitchell during the latter 's six-hit game . Four of Green 's six hits were home runs , equaling the record for most home runs in one game . Jim Bottomley , Walker Cooper , Anthony Rendon , and Wilbert Robinson hit 10 or more runs batted in ( RBI ) to complement their six hits . Robinson proceeded to collect a seventh hit to set single-game records in both categories . Although his record of 11 RBIs has since been broken , Robinson 's seven hits in a nine-inning game has been matched only by Rennie Stennett . Guy Hecker , the only pitcher to have accomplished the feat , also broke the single-game major league record for runs scored with seven . Cal McVey is the sole player to collect six hits in each of two consecutive games . Seven players hit for the cycle during their six-hit game . Zaza Harvey has the fewest career hits among players who have six hits in one game with 86 , while Ty Cobb -- with 4,189 -- had more hits than any other player in this group and amassed the second most in major league history . Cobb , Cal Ripken Jr. , and Paul Waner are also members of the 3,000 hit club . Of the 75 players eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame who have recorded six hits in a nine-inning game , eighteen have been elected , three on the first ballot . Players are eligible for the Hall of Fame if they have played in at least 10 MLB seasons , and have either been retired for five seasons or deceased for at least six months . These requirements leave six players ineligible who are active , six players ineligible who are living and have played in the past five seasons , and twenty-six players ineligible who did not play in 10 seasons .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Home_run", "score": 0.6231898069381714, "text": "In baseball , a home run ( abbreviated HR ) is scored when the ball is hit in such a way that the batter is able to circle the bases and reach home safely in one play without any errors being committed by the defensive team in the process . In modern baseball , the feat is typically achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fence between the foul poles ( or making contact with either foul pole ) without first touching the ground , resulting in an automatic home run . There is also the `` inside-the-park '' home run , increasingly rare in modern baseball , where the batter reaches home safely while the baseball is in play on the field . When a home run is scored , the batter is also credited with a hit and a run scored , and an RBI for each runner that scores , including himself . Likewise , the pitcher is recorded as having given up a hit , and a run for each runner that scores including the batter . Home runs are among the most popular aspects of baseball and , as a result , prolific home run hitters are usually the most popular among fans and consequently the highest paid by teams -- hence the old saying , variously attributed to slugger Ralph Kiner , or to a teammate talking about Kiner , `` Home run hitters drive Cadillacs , and singles hitters drive Fords . ''", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "List_of_milestone_home_runs_by_Barry_Bonds", "score": 0.6231206655502319, "text": "Milestone home runs by Barry Bonds have been those important home runs hit by Barry Bonds , who ranks among the greatest baseball players of all time and was for much of his career considered a five-tool player . Bonds ' ascension towards the top of experts ' lists of greatest players was propelled by highly productive years in which he set many records . By 1998 , he was considered among the 50 greatest players of all time by The Sporting News , and after winning the National League 's Most Valuable Player Award four consecutive times from 2001 -- 2004 , he jumped into the top 10 in the 2005 list . He now holds numerous Major League Baseball records for home runs , bases on balls , intentional bases on balls , slugging percentage and on-base percentage , as well as a record seven MVP awards . In baseball , the home run is one of the most popular aspects of the game . Thus , the career record for home runs is among the most important and respected records in baseball . The road to this record has been closely followed and each additional home run Bonds hits extends the current record further . On August 7 , 2007 , Barry Bonds became the major leagues ' career home run champion by hitting his 756th career home run , which surpassed Hank Aaron 's total . Quite often milestone home runs such as round hundred and career records are considered breaking news , and sports news services give coverage to countdowns on impending milestone home runs . Several of Bonds ' milestone home runs were given dedicated coverage on ESPN BottomLine , with Chasing Ruth and Chasing Aaron coverage being quite extensive for the few seasons preceding the breaking of the record . Sports collectible dealers and buyers pay exorbitant sums for paraphernalia associated with such milestones . The Baseball Hall of Fame covets such paraphernalia for display . In fact , players are even sensitive to the way in which their paraphernalia is displayed . A baseball that was hit for a milestone causes such a mêlée and such hysteria that special balls have to be used to stop counterfeiting , and police escorts are necessary for those who catch such balls . Because of Bonds ' versatility even some of his early milestones were quite significant . Barry Bonds ' milestone home runs have received extensive coverage since his 300th made him the fourth member of the 300-300 club which also included his godfather Willie Mays and father Bobby Bonds . His 400th home run also received national coverage , and his 400 -- 400 feat was a motivating goal and is widely cited as a testament to his greatness . His 500th home run was part of a memorable 2001 Major League Baseball season of milestones in which he hit a record 73 home runs in a single season and surpassed many baseball legends . His 554th home run and 60th of the season sold for US$ 5000 . His 567th and 73rd of the season sold for $ 500,000 , which was far less than the $ 3 million for which Mark McGwire 's 70th had been sold three years earlier . Bonds ' 660th home run was more celebrated than his 661st because it put him in the same company as his own godfather on the all-time list . Bonds ' 600th and 700th home runs both were widely followed and reported in the media because they placed him such elite company . Bonds ' 756th home run sold for $ 752,467 ( including a 20 % commission ) . Below is a list of Barry Bonds ' milestone home runs .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "List_of_Major_League_Baseball_leaders_in_RBI_in_one_inning", "score": 0.622206449508667, "text": "The Major League Baseball ( MLB ) leaders in runs batted in ( RBI ) in one inning are topped by record holder Fernando Tatís , then with the St. Louis Cardinals , who set the MLB record with eight RBI in a 1999 game in which he hit two grand slams in the third inning of a game against the Los Angeles Dodgers . Alex Rodriguez set the American League mark , with seven RBI in the sixth inning of the New York Yankees ' final game of the 2009 season , played against the Tampa Bay Rays . Under Major League Baseball rule 10.04 , a batter is credit with a Run Batted In during most circumstances where the batter 's action at bat causes one or more runs to score , as set forth in this Rule 10.04 As the most RBI that can be scored in a single at bat is four ( with a grand slam , in which a home run is hit with the bases loaded ) , scoring five or more RBI in a single inning requires at least two at bats with multiple runs batted in during each at bat in that one inning , all of which combines to make this an extremely rare occurrence . Since 1900 , there have been 19 different players who have hit six or more RBI in a single inning . In 1911 , Fred Merkle of the New York Giants became the first player in the modern era with six RBI in an inning and Bob Johnson became the first AL player to match the number when he did so in 1937 . All of the teams with a player with six or more RBI in an inning have won the game , usually in a blowout , though two of the games ended up with a two-run margin of victory : The Montreal Expos defeating the Chicago Cubs 17 -- 15 in 1985 behind Andre Dawson , and the Boston Red Sox by a score of 19 -- 17 over the Texas Rangers with David Ortiz providing six RBI in the first inning . The feat has been accomplished three times each by players on the Red Sox and Yankees . The Washington Senators / Minnesota Twins franchise has allowed a player to knock in six RBI in an inning on three occasions . Griffith Stadium , the home of the Senators , was the site of three games where a player had six RBI in an inning . A batter has knocked in six RBI in an inning in all but the eighth inning , and never in extra innings , with five players doing so in the first inning .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Ryan_Howard", "score": 0.6214849948883057, "text": "Ryan James Howard ( born November 19 , 1979 ) is an American professional baseball first baseman who is a free agent . Howard previously played for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) from 2004 to 2016 . Howard stands 6 ft and weighs 240 lbs . He bats and throws left-handed . Howard holds numerous MLB and Phillies ' franchise records . Howard made his MLB debut in 2004 . He won the National League ( NL ) Rookie of the Year Award in 2005 and the NL Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Award in 2006 . He is a three-time NL All-Star ( 2006 , 2009 , 2010 ) , and has won the Silver Slugger Award , Hank Aaron Award , and the NL Championship Series MVP Award in 2009 . Known for his power , Howard is a member of the 50 home run club . He is a two-time NL home run champion ( 2006 , 2008 ) , and became the fastest player to reach both the 100 and 200 home run milestones in MLB history , passing the marks in 2007 and 2009 , respectively . In May 2017 , Howard also announced his new role as Partner at SeventySix Capital , a Philadelphia-based venture capital firm led by Wayne Kimmel and Jon Powell .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_Major_League_Baseball_progressive_career_home_runs_leaders", "score": 0.6206809282302856, "text": "The following is a chronology of the top ten leaders in lifetime home runs in Major League Baseball . This includes any home runs hit by a player during official regular season games ( i.e. , excluding playoffs or exhibition games ) in the National Association ( 1871 -- 1875 ) , National League ( since 1876 ) , the American Association ( 1882 -- 1891 ) , the Union Association ( 1884 ) , the Players ' League ( 1890 ) , the American League ( since 1901 ) , and the Federal League ( 1914 -- 1915 ) . The list helps contextualize the evolution of one of the most prized achievements in United States sports . In the early 1930s , Babe Ruth had almost 400 more home runs than the next player , his longtime teammate Lou Gehrig ; when Joe DiMaggio retired in 1951 , he was fifth on the all-time list . Active players are marked in bold italics . Stats through 2017-05-31 .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "500_home_run_club", "score": 0.6206218004226685, "text": "In Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , the 500 home run club is a group of batters who have hit 500 or more regular-season home runs in their careers . On August 11 , 1929 , Babe Ruth became the first member of the club . Ruth ended his career with 714 home runs , a record which stood from 1935 until Hank Aaron surpassed it in 1974 . Aaron 's ultimate career total , 755 , remained the record until Barry Bonds set the current mark of 762 during the 2007 season . Twenty-seven players are members of the 500 home run club . At .344 , Ted Williams holds the highest batting average among the club members while Harmon Killebrew holds the lowest at .256 . Of these 27 players , 14 were right-handed batters , 11 were left-handed , and 2 were switch hitters . The San Francisco Giants and Boston Red Sox are the only franchises to see four players reach the milestone while on their roster : for the Giants , Mel Ott while the team was in New York , Willie Mays , Willie McCovey , and most recently Bonds , and , for the Red Sox , Jimmie Foxx , Ted Williams , and more recently Manny Ramirez and David Ortiz . Five 500 home run club members -- Aaron , Mays , Eddie Murray , Rafael Palmeiro , and Alex Rodriguez -- are also members of the 3,000 hit club . Gary Sheffield 's 500th home run was his first career home run with the New York Mets , the first time that a player 's 500th home run was also his first with his franchise . Alex Rodriguez , at 32 years and 8 days , was the youngest player to reach the milestone while Ted Williams , at 41 years and 291 days , was the oldest.The most recent player to reach 500 home runs is David Ortiz , who hit his 500th home run on September 12 , 2015 . Membership in the 500 home run club is sometimes described as a guarantee of eventual entry into the Baseball Hall of Fame , although some believe the milestone has become less meaningful in recent years . Five eligible club members -- Barry Bonds , Mark McGwire , Rafael Palmeiro , Gary Sheffield and Sammy Sosa -- have not been elected to the Hall . Bonds and Sosa made their first appearance on the Hall of Fame ballot in ; Bonds received only 36.2 % and Sosa 12.5 % of the total votes , with 75 % required for induction . Eligibility requires that a player has `` been retired five seasons '' or be deceased for at least six months , disqualifying three retired living players who have been active within the past five seasons -- Jim Thome , Manny Ramirez and David Ortiz . Some believe the milestone has become less important with the large number of new members ; 10 players joined the club from 1999 to 2009 . Additionally , several of these recent members have had ties to performance-enhancing drugs . Some believe that by not electing McGwire to the Hall the voters were establishing a `` referendum '' on how they would treat players from the `` Steroid Era '' . On January 8 , 2014 , Rafael Palmeiro became the first member of the 500 Home Run Club to be removed from the BBWAA Hall of Fame ballot . As the BBWAA announced the selections for the Baseball Hall of Fame Class of 2014 , Palmeiro appeared on just 4.4 % of the ballots . Players must be named on at least of 5.0 % of ballots to remain on future ballots . As of Opening Day 2017 , Albert Pujols is the only active member of the 500 home run club .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Ken_Griffey_Jr.", "score": 0.6171491146087646, "text": "George Kenneth Griffey Jr. ( born November 21 , 1969 ) nicknamed `` Junior '' and `` The Kid '' , is an American former professional baseball outfielder who played 22 years in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He spent most of his career with the Seattle Mariners and Cincinnati Reds , along with a short stint with the Chicago White Sox . A 13-time All-Star , Griffey is one of the most prolific home run hitters in baseball history ; his 630 home runs rank as the sixth-most in MLB history . Griffey was also an exceptional defender and won 10 Gold Glove Awards in center field . He is tied for the record of most consecutive games with a home run ( eight , with Don Mattingly and Dale Long ) . Although popular with fans around the league , Griffey was unable to shake reports of his petulant demeanor throughout his major league baseball career . Griffey signed lucrative deals with companies of international prominence like Nike and Nintendo ; his popularity reflected well upon MLB and is credited by some with helping restore its image after the 1994 labor dispute . Griffey is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date to have appeared in Major League games in four different calendar decades . Following his playing career , Griffey joined the Mariners ' front office as a special consultant . He was inducted into both the Mariners ' Hall of Fame and the Reds Hall of Fame . In 2016 , Griffey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame , receiving a record 99.32 % of the vote , breaking pitcher Tom Seaver 's record of 98.84 % . Griffey is the son of former MLB player Ken Griffey Sr. .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Wilfredo_Rodríguez", "score": 0.6148957014083862, "text": "Wilfredo José Rodríguez ( born March 20 , 1979 in Bolívar State , Venezuela ) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher . He appeared in two games for the Houston Astros in the season . He bats and throws left-handed . With Houston , Rodríguez posted a 0 -- 0 record with three strikeouts and a 15.00 ERA in three innings . He is most widely known for yielding Barry Bonds ' record-tying 70th home run on October 4 , 2001 . That game was his last appearance in the majors . After his release by the Astros in , Rodríguez pitched for several more years in the minor leagues . His last year was , when he played for the San Angelo Colts in the independent United League Baseball . He posted a 12.79 ERA in three games .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Home_runs_allowed", "score": 0.6147805452346802, "text": "In baseball statistics , home runs allowed ( HRA ) signifies the total number of home runs a pitcher allowed . The record for the most home runs allowed by any pitcher belongs to Jamie Moyer ( 522 ) . The National League record for most home runs allowed belongs to Warren Spahn with 434 and the American League record is 422 held by Frank Tanana .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "50_home_run_club", "score": 0.6134212613105774, "text": "In Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , the 50 home run club is the group of batters who have hit 50 or more home runs in a single season . Babe Ruth was the first to achieve this , doing so in 1920 . By reaching the milestone , he also became the first player to hit 30 and then 40 home runs in a single-season , breaking his own record of 29 from the 1919 season . Ruth subsequently became the first player to reach the 50 home run club on four occasions , repeating the achievement in 1921 , 1927 and 1928 . He remained the only player to accomplish this until Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa matched his feat in 1999 and 2001 , respectively , thus becoming the only players to achieve four consecutive 50 home run seasons . Barry Bonds hit the most home runs to join the club , collecting 73 in 2001 . The most recent player to reach the milestone is Chris Davis , achieving the feat during the 2013 season . In total , 27 players have reached the 50 home run club in MLB history and nine have done so more than once . Of these , fifteen were right-handed batters , eleven were left-handed , and one was a switch hitter , meaning he could bat from either side of the plate . Two of these players ( including one active member of the 50 home run club ) have played for only one major league team . The New York Yankees are the only franchise to have four players reach the milestone while on their roster : Ruth , Mickey Mantle , Roger Maris and Alex Rodriguez . Ten players are also members of the 500 home run club and two of them ( Willie Mays and Rodriguez ) are also a members of the 3,000 hit club . Ten players won the Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Award in the same year as their 50 home run season . Mantle is the only player to have earned the Major League Triple Crown alongside achieving 50 home runs , leading both leagues in batting average , home runs and runs batted in ( RBI ) . Mantle and Maris -- collectively known as the M&M Boys -- are the only teammates to reach the 50 home run club in the same season , hitting a combined 115 home runs in 1961 and breaking the single-season record for home runs by a pair of teammates . Albert Belle is the only player to amass 50 or more doubles in addition to attaining 50 home runs . Prince Fielder , at 23 years and 139 days , was the youngest player to reach the milestone while Bonds , at age 37 , was the oldest . Due to the infrequent addition of members into the 50 home run club , Baseball Digest called it `` a restrictive fraternity comprising slugging elite '' in 1954 , when there were only six members . Of the seventeen members eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame , eight have been elected and three were elected on the first ballot . Eligibility requires that a player has `` been retired five seasons '' or deceased for at least six months , disqualifying eight active players and two players who have been retired for less than five seasons . Some believe the milestone has become less important with the large number of new members ; fifteen players joined the club on a total of 24 occasions from 1995 to 2010 . Additionally , several of these recent members have had ties to performance-enhancing drugs .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Alex_Rodriguez_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.613047182559967, "text": "Alex Rodriguez ( born 1975 ) is an American Major League Baseball player . Alex Rodriguez or Alexander Rodriguez may also refer to : Álex Rodríguez ( film editor ) ( born 1971 ) , Mexican film editor Alex Rodriguez ( musician ) , US musician Alex Rodriguez ( Andorran footballer ) ( born 1980 ) , Andorran footballer Álex Rodríguez ( Panamanian footballer ) ( born 1990 ) , Panamanian football goalkeeper Alex Rodriguez ( Spanish footballer ) ( born 1993 ) , Spanish football player who plays for Wellington Phoenix Alexander Rodríguez ( gymnast ) ( born 1985 ) , Puerto Rican gymnast Alexander Rodríguez ( cyclist ) , Colombian cyclist and competitor in the 2001 Vuelta a Colombia", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "List_of_Major_League_Baseball_progressive_career_hits_leaders", "score": 0.6123054623603821, "text": "This list displays a chronology of the annual top ten leaders in career base hits in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) from 1876 through 2016 . The table assists in identifying the most significant players in each era , and helps to understand the importance of many stars of the past . Before Pete Rose broke Ty Cobb 's record for career hits , for example , Tris Speaker , Stan Musial and Hank Aaron had each reached the number two spot in succession . It is also quite valuable to identify the leaders during the 19th century , when seasons were shorter ( usually from 60 to 130 games ) ; while nearly 250 players have now reached the 2,000-hit plateau , barely a dozen had done so by the end of the 19th century . In the era before 1893 , when the distance between the pitcher and home plate was extended from 45 feet to 60 feet , long-neglected stars Deacon White and Paul Hines were mainstays among the top five , along with Cap Anson and Jim O'Rourke . This chart uses the hit totals which are officially recognized by Major League Baseball , as maintained and provided by the Elias Sports Bureau ; they are derived from the annual official league statistics , even when those totals have been proven by later research to be in error . Particularly with regard to players from before 1920 , these totals often differ from those used by ESPN , CNN/Sports Illustrated , The Sporting News , the Baseball-Reference website , or by MLB 's two longtime official encyclopedias , The Baseball Encyclopedia and Total Baseball . In fact , they are also not the same as the historical totals displayed on MLB 's official website . While the specific totals may vary between sources , and slight variations in the order may result , the leaders would overwhelmingly be the same regardless of which set of numbers is used ; with the exception of 1904 , in no year does more than one player drop out of the top 10 when a different version of the statistics is employed . Furthermore , this table accurately represents what observers of each era believed to be true .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_times_on_base_leaders", "score": 0.6112689971923828, "text": "In baseball statistics , the term times on base , also abbreviated as TOB , is the cumulative total number of times a batter has reached base as a result of hits , walks and hit by pitches . This statistic does not include times reaching first by way of error , dropped third strike , fielder 's obstruction or a fielder 's choice , making this statistic somewhat of a misnomer . Pete Rose is the all-time leader , being on base 5,929 times in his career . Barry Bonds ( 5,599 ) , Ty Cobb ( 5,532 ) , Rickey Henderson ( 5,343 ) , Carl Yastrzemski ( 5,304 ) , Stan Musial ( 5,282 ) , and Hank Aaron ( 5,205 ) are the only other players to be on base more than 5,000 times .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Alex_Ramírez", "score": 0.6111925840377808, "text": "Alexander Ramón Ramírez Quiñónez ( born 15 August 1974 ) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball outfielder who had a long career in Nippon Professional Baseball ( NPB ) . He is the first foreign-born player to record 2,000 hits while playing in NPB . Before playing in Japan , he played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Cleveland Indians ( 1998 -- 2000 ) and Pittsburgh Pirates ( 2000 ) . He batted and threw right-handed . In October 2015 he was named as the BayStars manager for the 2016 season .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
221791
Friendship has been studied in academic fields.
[ { "id": "Friendship", "score": 0.7983253002166748, "text": "Friendship is a relationship of mutual affection between people . Friendship is a stronger form of interpersonal bond than an association . Friendship has been studied in academic fields such as communication , sociology , social psychology , anthropology , and philosophy . Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed , including social exchange theory , equity theory , relational dialectics , and attachment styles . A World Happiness Database study found that people with close friendships are happier . Although there are many forms of friendship , some of which may vary from place to place , certain characteristics are present in many types of bond . Such characteristics include affection ; sympathy ; empathy ; honesty ; altruism ; mutual understanding and compassion ; enjoyment of each other 's company ; trust ; and the ability to be oneself , express one 's feelings , and make mistakes without fear of judgment from the friend . While there is no practical limit on what types of people can form a friendship , friends tend to share common backgrounds , occupations , or interests and have similar demographics ." } ]
[ { "id": "Female_bonding", "score": 0.7320899367332458, "text": "In ethology and social science , female bonding is the formation of a close personal relationship and patterns of friendship , attachment , and cooperation in females .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Quakers_in_science", "score": 0.699667751789093, "text": "The Religious Society of Friends , commonly known as Quakers , encouraged some values which may have been conducive to encouraging scientific talents . A theory suggested by David Hackett Fischer in his book Albion 's Seed indicated early Quakers in the US preferred `` practical study '' to the more traditional studies of Greek or Latin popular with the elite . Another theory suggests their avoidance of dogma or clergy gave them a greater flexibility in response to science . Despite those arguments a major factor is agreed to be that the Quakers were initially discouraged or forbidden to go to the major law or humanities schools in Britain due to the Test Act . They also at times faced similar discriminations in the United States , as many of the colonial universities had a Puritan or Anglican orientation . This led them to attend `` Godless '' institutions or forced them to rely on hands-on scientific experimentation rather than academia . Because of these issues it has been stated that Quakers are better represented in science than most religions . Some sources , including Pendlehill and Encyclopædia Britannica , indicate that for over two centuries they were overrepresented in the Royal Society . Mention is made of this possibility in studies referenced in religiosity and intelligence and in a book by Arthur Raistrick . Regardless of whether this is still accurate , there have been several noteworthy members of this denomination in science . The following names a few .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Romantic_friendship", "score": 0.6874853372573853, "text": "A romantic friendship or passionate friendship is a very close but typically non-sexual relationship between friends , often involving a degree of physical closeness beyond that which is common in the contemporary Western societies . It may include for example holding hands , cuddling , hugging , kissing , giving massages , and sharing a bed , or co-sleeping , without sexual intercourse or other physical sexual expression . In historical scholarship , the term may be used to describe a very close relationship between people of the same sex during a period of history when homosexuality did not exist as a social category . In this regard , the term was coined in the later 20th century in order to retrospectively describe a type of relationship which until the mid 19th century had been considered unremarkable but since the second half of the 19th century had become more rare as physical intimacy between non-sexual partners came to be regarded with anxiety . Romantic friendship between women in Europe and North America became especially prevalent in the late 18th and early 19th centuries , with the simultaneous emergence of female education and a new rhetoric of sexual difference .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Male_bonding", "score": 0.6868543028831482, "text": "In ethology and social science , male bonding is the formation of close personal relationships , and patterns of friendship or cooperation between males . In the context of human relationships , male bonding is used to describe friendship between men , or the way in which men befriend each other . The expression is sometimes used synonymously with the word camaraderie . The first widely noticed use of the term was in Men in Groups ( 1969 ; 2004 ) by anthropologist Lionel Tiger . Male bonding can take place in various locations such as gyms , locker rooms , sport fields or courts , fraternities , and barbershops . This can include playing musical instruments , video games , business ventures , creative endeavors , journeys , quests , sporting activities , fishing , hunting , camping , gambling , social drinking , smoking cigars , working with tools , or even just conversing .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Friendship_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6824924945831299, "text": "Friendship is co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more humans . Friendship may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Nurture_kinship", "score": 0.6799631714820862, "text": "The concept of nurture kinship in the anthropological study of human social relationships ( kinship ) highlights the extent to which such relationships are brought into being through the performance of various acts of nurture between individuals . Additionally the concept highlights ethnographic findings that , in a wide swath of human societies , people understand , conceptualize and symbolize their relationships predominantly in terms of giving , receiving and sharing nurture . The concept stands in contrast to the earlier anthropological concepts of human kinship relations being fundamentally based on `` blood ties '' , some other form of shared substance , or a proxy for these ( as in fictive kinship ) , and the accompanying notion that people universally understand their social relationships predominantly in these terms . The nurture kinship perspective on the ontology of social ties , and how people conceptualize them , has become stronger in the wake of David M. Schneider 's influential Critique of the Study of Kinship and Holland 's subsequent Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship , demonstrating that as well as the ethnographic record , biological theory and evidence also more strongly support the nurture perspective than the blood perspective ( see Human inclusive fitness ) . Both Schneider and Holland argue that the earlier blood theory of kinship derived from an unwarranted extension of symbols and values from anthropologists ' own cultures ( see ethnocentrism ) .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Psychology", "score": 0.6771838068962097, "text": "Psychology is the science of behavior and mind , embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought . It is an academic discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases . In this field , a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social , behavioral , or cognitive scientist . Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior , while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors . Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes , including perception , cognition , attention , emotion ( affect ) , intelligence , phenomenology , motivation ( conation ) , brain functioning , and personality . This extends to interaction between people , such as interpersonal relationships , including psychological resilience , family resilience , and other areas . Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind . Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables . In addition , or in opposition , to employing empirical and deductive methods , some -- especially clinical and counseling psychologists -- at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques . Psychology has been described as a `` hub science '' , with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences , natural sciences , medicine , humanities , and philosophy . While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems , it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity . By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society . The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role , practicing in clinical , counseling , or school settings . Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior , and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings ( e.g. , medical schools , hospitals ) . Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings , or in other areas such as human development and aging , sports , health , and the media , as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "What_Makes_Love_Last?", "score": 0.6750282645225525, "text": "What Makes Love Last ? , by John Gottman , is a discussion of trust , intimacy and what the authors claim to be the secrets to love 's longevity . The book is the product of 40 years of research culled from Gottman 's `` Love Lab , '' an observational program based at the University of Washington . There , he subjects `` long-term romance to scientific scrutiny '' via the analysis of a couple 's physical and psychological behavior and their social interactions and routines . The authors describe what Gottman calls the `` Four Horsemen '' of a couple 's back-and-forth negative interactions : criticism , contempt , defensiveness and stonewalling . According to Gottman , the roles of betrayal and infidelity are also important , and couples must avoid falling prey to the marriage-dooming `` lack of deep understanding and connection with each other . '' The book continues on some of the themes , such as relationship partners ' turning toward each other ( i.e. responding favorably to one 's partner 's bids for attention , affection , humor , or support ) , of Gottman 's 1999 The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work . It also discusses attunement , which Gottman describes as the desire and the ability to understand and respect one 's partner 's inner world . According to Gottman , attunement offers a blueprint for building and reviving trust in a long-term committed relationship . The Gottman-Rapoport Blueprint for Constructive Conflict is presented , which uses the mnemonic `` ATTUNE '' to emphasize the speaker 's job of awareness , tolerance , and transforming criticism into wishes and positive needs , and the listener 's job of understanding , nondefensive listening , and empathy .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Homophily", "score": 0.6732600927352905, "text": "Homophily ( i.e. , `` love of the same '' ) is the tendency of individuals to associate and bond with similar others , as in the proverb `` birds of a feather flock together '' . The presence of homophily has been discovered in a vast array of network studies . More than 100 studies that have observed homophily in some form or another and they establish that similarity breeds connection . These include age , gender , class , and organizational role . Individuals in homophilic relationships share common characteristics ( beliefs , values , education , etc. ) that make communication and relationship formation easier . The opposite of homophily is heterophily or intermingling . Homophily is a metric studied in the field of social network analysis in which it is also known as assortativity . Homophily between mated pairs in animals has been extensively studied in the field of evolutionary biology in which it is known as assortative mating . Homophily between mated pairs is common within natural animal mating populations .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Network_Homophily", "score": 0.6716634035110474, "text": "Network homophily refers to the theory in network science which states that , based on node attributes , similar nodes may be more like to attach to each other than dissimilar ones . The hypothesis is linked to the model of preferential attachment and it draws from the phenomenon of homophily in social sciences and much of the scientific analysis of the creation of social ties based on similarity comes from network science . In fact , empirical research seems to indicate the frequent occurrence of homophily in real networks . Homophily in social relations may lead to a commensurate distance in networks leading to the creation of clusters that have been observed in social networking services . Homophily is a key topic in network science as it can determine the speed of the diffusion of information and ideas .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Kinship", "score": 0.6681094169616699, "text": "In anthropology , kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of most humans in most societies , although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated . Anthropologist Robin Fox states that `` the study of kinship is the study of what man does with these basic facts of lifemating , gestation , parenthood , socialization , siblingship etc. '' Human society is unique , he argues , in that we are `` working with the same raw material as exists in the animal world , but -LSB- we -RSB- can conceptualize and categorize it to serve social ends . '' These social ends include the socialization of children and the formation of basic economic , political and religious groups . Kinship can refer both to the patterns of social relationships themselves , or it can refer to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures ( i.e. kinship studies ) . Over its history , anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms in the study of kinship , such as descent , descent group , lineage , affinity/affine , consanguinity/cognate and fictive kinship . Further , even within these two broad usages of the term , there are different theoretical approaches . Broadly , kinship patterns may be considered to include people related by both descent -- i.e. social relations during development -- and by marriage . Human kinship relations through marriage are commonly called `` affinity '' in contrast to the relationships that arise in one 's group of origin , which may be called one 's descent group . In some cultures , kinship relationships may be considered to extend out to people an individual has economic or political relationships with , or other forms of social connections . Within a culture , some descent groups may be considered to lead back to gods or animal ancestors ( totems ) . This may be conceived of on a more or less literal basis . Kinship can also refer to a principle by which individuals or groups of individuals are organized into social groups , roles , categories and genealogy by means of kinship terminologies . Family relations can be represented concretely ( mother , brother , grandfather ) or abstractly by degrees of relationship ( kinship distance ) . A relationship may be relative ( e.g. a father in relation to a child ) or reflect an absolute ( e.g. the difference between a mother and a childless woman ) . Degrees of relationship are not identical to heirship or legal succession . Many codes of ethics consider the bond of kinship as creating obligations between the related persons stronger than those between strangers , as in Confucian filial piety . In a more general sense , kinship may refer to a similarity or affinity between entities on the basis of some or all of their characteristics that are under focus . This may be due to a shared ontological origin , a shared historical or cultural connection , or some other perceived shared features that connect the two entities . For example , a person studying the ontological roots of human languages ( etymology ) might ask whether there is kinship between the English word seven and the German word sieben . It can be used in a more diffuse sense as in , for example , the news headline `` Madonna feels kinship with vilified Wallis Simpson '' , to imply a felt similarity or empathy between two or more entities . In biology , `` kinship '' typically refers to the degree of genetic relatedness or coefficient of relationship between individual members of a species ( e.g. as in kin selection theory ) . It may also be used in this specific sense when applied to human relationships , in which case its meaning is closer to consanguinity or genealogy .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Social_psychology", "score": 0.6675167679786682, "text": "Social psychology is the scientific study of how people 's thoughts , feelings , and behaviors are influenced by the actual , imagined , or implied presence of others . In this definition , scientific refers to the empirical method of investigation . The terms thoughts , feelings , and behaviors include all psychological variables that are measurable in a human being . The statement that others ' presence may be imagined or implied suggests that we are prone to social influence even when no other people are present , such as when watching television , or following internalized cultural norms . Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the interaction of mental states and immediate social situations . Social psychologists therefore deal with the factors that lead us to behave in a given way in the presence of others , and look at the conditions under which certain behavior/actions and feelings occur . Social psychology is concerned with the way these feelings , thoughts , beliefs , intentions and goals are constructed and how such psychological factors , in turn , influence our interactions with others . Social psychology is a discipline that had traditionally bridged the gap between psychology and sociology . During the years immediately following World War II there was frequent collaboration between psychologists and sociologists . However , the two disciplines have become increasingly specialized and isolated from each other in recent years , with sociologists focusing on `` macro variables '' ( e.g. , social structure ) to a much greater extent . Nevertheless , sociological approaches to social psychology remain an important counterpart to psychological research in this area . In addition to the split between psychology and sociology , there has been a somewhat less pronounced difference in emphasis between American social psychologists and European social psychologists . As a generalization , American researchers traditionally have focused more on the individual , whereas Europeans have paid more attention to group level phenomena ( see group dynamics ) .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Interpersonal_attraction", "score": 0.6662000417709351, "text": "Interpersonal attraction is the attraction between people which leads to friendships and to platonic or romantic relationships . Interpersonal attraction , the process , is distinct from perceptions of physical attractiveness , which involves views of what is and is not considered beautiful or attractive . The study of interpersonal attraction is a major area of research in social psychology . Interpersonal attraction is related to how much one likes , dislikes or hates someone . It can be viewed as a force acting between two people that tends to draw them together and resist their separation . When measuring interpersonal attraction , one must refer to the qualities of the attracted as well as the qualities of the attractor to achieve predictive accuracy . It is suggested that to determine attraction , both the personalities and the situation must be taken into account . Repulsion is also a factor in the process of interpersonal attraction ; one 's conception of `` attraction '' to another can vary from extreme attraction to extreme repulsion .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Association_(archaeology)", "score": 0.6658878326416016, "text": "Association in archaeology is the close relationship between objects or contexts .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Human_bonding", "score": 0.665498673915863, "text": "Human bonding is the process of development of a close , interpersonal relationship . It most commonly takes place between family members or friends , but can also develop among groups , such as sporting teams and whenever people spend time together . Bonding is a mutual , interactive process , and is different from simple liking . Bonding typically refers to the process of attachment that develops between romantic partners , close friends , or parents and children . This bond is characterized by emotions such as affection and trust . Any two people who spend time together may form a bond . Male bonding refers to the establishment of relationships between men through shared activities . The term female bonding refers to the formation of close personal relationships between women .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "History_of_North_American_fraternities_and_sororities", "score": 0.6640549302101135, "text": "The North American fraternity and sorority system began with students who wanted to meet secretly , usually for discussions and debates not thought appropriate by the faculty of their schools . Today they are used as social , professional , and honorary groups that promote varied combinations of community service , leadership , and academic achievement .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Knowledge_by_acquaintance", "score": 0.6616241931915283, "text": "In philosophy , a distinction is often made between two different kinds of knowledge : knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Toledo_Adolescent_Relationships_Study", "score": 0.6614916920661926, "text": "The Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study ( TARS ) : Wave 1 , 2001 , explores the relationship qualities and the subjective meanings that motivate adolescent behavior . More specifically , this study seeks to examine the nature and meaning of adolescent relationship experiences ( e.g. , with family , peers , and dating partners ) in an effort to discover how experiences associated with age , gender , race , and ethnicity influence the meaning of dating relationships . The study further investigates the relative impact of dating partners and peers on sexual behavior and contraceptive practices , as well as involvement in other problem behaviors that can contribute independently to sexual risk taking . The longitudinal design of the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study ( TARS ) includes a schedule of follow-up interviews occurring one , three , five and ten years after the initial interview . Five waves of data have been collected ( 2001 , 2002 , 2004 , 2006 , and 2010 ) . Data were collected from adolescent respondents through structured in-home interviews utilizing laptop computers . In-depth interviews were conducted at the first wave with a sub-sample ( n = 100 ) of the respondents . Parent data was collected via a short , self-administered questionnaire at the first wave .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "The_Proximity_Principle", "score": 0.6607383489608765, "text": "Within the realm of social psychology , the proximity principle accounts for the tendency for individuals to form interpersonal relations with those who are close by . Theodore Newcomb first documented this effect through his study of the acquaintance process , which demonstrated how people who interact and live close to each other will be more likely to develop a relationship . Leon Festinger also illustrates the proximity principle and propinquity ( the state of being close to someone or something ) by studying the network of attraction within a series of residential housing units at Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) . Both of these studies provide evidence to support the fact that people who encounter each other more frequently tend to develop stronger relationships . There are two main reasons why people form groups with others nearby rather than people further away . First , human beings like things that are familiar to them . Second , the more people come into contact with one another , the more likely the interaction will cultivate a relationship . Also , proximity promotes interaction between individuals and groups , which ends up leading to liking and disliking between the groups or individuals . The aforementioned idea is accurate only insofar as the increased contact does not unveil detestable traits in either person . If detestable traits are unveiled , familiarity will in fact breed contempt . It could be that interaction , rather than propinquity , that creates attraction .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Imaginary_friend", "score": 0.6604851484298706, "text": "Imaginary friends ( also known as pretend friends or invisible friends ) are a psychological and social phenomenon where a friendship or other interpersonal relationship takes place in the imagination rather than external physical reality . Although they may seem very real to their creators , children usually understand that their imaginary friends are not real . The first studies focusing on imaginary friends are believed to have been conducted during the 1890s . There is little information about the development and the appearance of imaginary friends in children . However , Klausen & Passman ( 2007 ) report that imaginary companions were originally described as being supernatural creatures and spirits that were thought to connect people with their past lives . Adults in early historic times had entities such as household gods and guardian angels , and muses that functioned as imaginary companions to provide comfort , guidance and inspiration for creative work . Eventually the phenomenon of imaginary companions passed on to children . The era when children began having imaginary friends is unknown , but it is possible the phenomenon appeared in the mid -- 20th century when childhood was emphasized as an important time to play and imagine .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
52846
Judd Apatow is a person who writes.
[ { "id": "Judd_Apatow", "score": 0.7686039209365845, "text": "Judd Apatow ( -LSB- ˈæpətaʊ -RSB- born December 6 , 1967 ) is an American film producer , writer , director , actor , and comedian . He is the founder of Apatow Productions , through which he produced and developed the television series Freaks and Geeks , Undeclared , Girls , Love , Crashing and directed the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin ( 2005 ) , Knocked Up ( 2007 ) , Funny People ( 2009 ) , This Is 40 ( 2012 ) , and Trainwreck ( 2015 ) . Apatow 's work has won numerous awards including a Primetime Emmy Award ( for The Ben Stiller Show ) , a Hollywood Comedy Award , and an AFI Award for Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) . His films have also been nominated for Grammy Awards , PGA Awards , Golden Globe Awards , and Academy Awards . Also known for producing hit films such as The Cable Guy ( 1996 ) , Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) , Talladega Nights : The Ballad of Ricky Bobby ( 2006 ) , Superbad ( 2007 ) , Forgetting Sarah Marshall ( 2008 ) , Step Brothers ( 2008 ) , Pineapple Express ( 2008 ) , Get Him to the Greek ( 2010 ) , Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) , The Five-Year Engagement ( 2012 ) , and Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues ( 2013 ) ." }, { "id": "Funny_People", "score": 0.6709508299827576, "text": "Funny People is a 2009 American comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Judd Apatow . It stars Adam Sandler , Seth Rogen , Leslie Mann , Eric Bana , Jason Schwartzman , Jonah Hill and Aubrey Plaza , and follows a famous comedian who is diagnosed with a terminal disease and tries to fix the relationships in his life . The film was released on July 31 , 2009 and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 71 million against its $ 75 million budget ." } ]
[ { "id": "The_40-Year-Old_Virgin", "score": 0.6793391108512878, "text": "The 40-Year-Old Virgin is a 2005 American sex comedy film written , produced and directed by Judd Apatow , about a middle-aged man 's journey to finally have sex . It was co-written by Steve Carell , though it features a great deal of improvised dialogue . The film was released theatrically in North America on August 19 , 2005 and was released on region 1 DVD on December 13 , 2005 . It is the directorial debut of Judd Apatow , who directed successful films , such as Knocked Up , Funny People , This Is 40 and Trainwreck , and Seth Rogen 's first role in a comedy film , since his bit part role in the film Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "Paul_Gorman", "score": 0.6614185571670532, "text": "Paul Gorman is a writer .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Undeclared", "score": 0.6588744521141052, "text": "Undeclared is an American sitcom created by Judd Apatow , which aired on Fox during the 2001 -- 02 season . The show has developed a cult following , and in 2012 , Entertainment Weekly listed it at # 16 in the `` 25 Best Cult TV Shows from the Past 25 Years '' .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Seth_Rogen", "score": 0.6519841551780701, "text": "Seth Aaron Rogen ( -LSB- ˈroʊɡən -RSB- born April 15 , 1982 ) is a Canadian-American actor , filmmaker , and comedian . He began his career performing stand-up comedy during his teenage years , winning the Vancouver Amateur Comedy Contest in 1998 . While still living in his native Vancouver , he landed a supporting role in the series Freaks and Geeks . Shortly after he moved to Portland , Oregon for his role , Freaks and Geeks was officially cancelled after one season due to low viewership . Rogen later got a part on sitcom Undeclared , which also hired him as a staff writer . After landing his job as a staff writer on the final season of Da Ali G Show , for which he and the other writers received an Emmy Award nomination , he was guided by Judd Apatow toward a film career . Rogen made his first movie appearance in Donnie Darko with a minor role as a rebellious student in Donnie 's high school classes in 2001 . Rogen was cast in a major supporting role and credited as a co-producer in Apatow 's directorial debut , The 40-Year-Old Virgin . After Rogen received critical praise for his performance , Universal Pictures agreed to cast him as the lead in Apatow 's films Knocked Up and Funny People . Rogen co-starred as Steve Wozniak in Universal 's Steve Jobs biopic in 2015 . In 2016 , he developed the AMC television series Preacher with his writing partner Evan Goldberg and Sam Catlin . He also serves as a writer and executive producer , and directed the first two episodes of the series with Goldberg . Rogen and Goldberg co-wrote the films Superbad , Pineapple Express , The Green Hornet , This Is the End , and directed both This Is the End and The Interview ; all of which Rogen starred in . He has also done voice work for the films Horton Hears a Who ! , the Kung Fu Panda film series , The Spiderwick Chronicles , Monsters vs. Aliens , Paul , and Sausage Party .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Josh_A._Cagan", "score": 0.6494001746177673, "text": "Josh A. Cagan is an actor and writer .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Trainwreck_(film)", "score": 0.6483765244483948, "text": "Trainwreck is a 2015 American romantic comedy film directed by Judd Apatow and written by Amy Schumer . The film stars Schumer and Bill Hader along with an ensemble cast that includes Brie Larson , Colin Quinn , John Cena , Tilda Swinton and LeBron James . The film is about a hard-drinking , promiscuous young magazine writer named Amy ( Schumer ) who has her first serious relationship with a sports doctor named Aaron ( Hader ) . Principal photography began on May 19 , 2014 , in New York City . The film premiered at the 2015 South by Southwest Film Festival on March 15 , 2015 , and was released theatrically in the United States on July 17 , 2015 , by Universal Pictures . The film won awards for Schumer 's performance and was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "South_Park_controversies", "score": 0.6482287645339966, "text": "South Park is an American animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone . Its frequent depiction of taboo subject matter , unusual humor and portrayal of religion for comic effect has generated controversy and debate throughout the world over the course of its 20 seasons . Stone and Parker , who both continue to be heavily involved in the writing and production of each episode , use the show frequently to lampoon a wide range of topics and both sides of contentious issues . Parker and Stone usually reply to such controversies by regarding themselves as `` equal opportunity offenders '' . They reject the notion of political correctness , and state that no particular topic or group of people will be spared the expense of being subject to mockery and satire , out of fairness to any person or group of people who have been ridiculed before .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Maude_Apatow", "score": 0.6326918005943298, "text": "Maude Apatow ( born December 15 , 1997 ) is an American actress . She is the eldest daughter of director Judd Apatow and actress Leslie Mann and is known for her roles as the daughter to her real-life mother 's characters in Knocked Up ( 2007 ) , Funny People ( 2009 ) , and This Is 40 ( 2012 ) .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "This_Is_40", "score": 0.6326839923858643, "text": "This Is 40 is a 2012 American comedy film written , co-produced and directed by Judd Apatow , and starring Paul Rudd and Leslie Mann . It is a spin-off of Knocked Up , which starred Seth Rogen and Katherine Heigl . Filming was conducted in mid-2011 , and the film was released in North America on December 21 , 2012 . The film follows the lives of middle-aged married couple Pete and Debbie as they each turn 40 , with their jobs and daughters adding stress to their relationship . This Is 40 received mixed reviews from critics , who praised its cast , acting ( particularly Mann , Rudd and Fox ) and the film 's comedic moments and perceptive scenes , but criticized the film 's overlong running time and occasional aimlessness .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Phil_Hall_(US_writer)", "score": 0.6239482760429382, "text": "Phil Hall ( born 1964 ) is an American writer and film critic .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Iris_Apatow", "score": 0.6218328475952148, "text": "Iris Apatow ( born October 12 , 2002 ) is an American actress known for her role as Arya in the Netflix series Love .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Crashing_(U.S._TV_series)", "score": 0.6217733025550842, "text": "Crashing is an American television comedy series created by Pete Holmes , and executive produced by Holmes and occasional series director Judd Apatow . The first season aired on the HBO network in the United States from February 19 to April 9 , 2017 . The semi-autobiographical show revolves around Holmes ' character Pete , a young comedian who pursues a career in stand-up comedy after his wife cheats on him , leaving him homeless . Several comedians play themselves in recurring roles including Artie Lange and T. J. Miller , while others have guest appearances . After Holmes successfully pitched the idea of the show to Apatow , he completed a script of its pilot episode which HBO picked up for filming in September 2015 , with Apatow as director . The success of the pilot led HBO to give the green-light to the first season in January 2016 . After four episodes had aired , HBO renewed the series for a second season .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Nic_Kelman", "score": 0.6215426921844482, "text": "Nic Kelman is a writer of novels , short stories , non-fiction , screenplays , and essays .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Knocked_Up", "score": 0.6180663704872131, "text": "Knocked Up is a 2007 American romantic comedy film written , directed , and co-produced by Judd Apatow , and starring Seth Rogen , Katherine Heigl , Paul Rudd , and Leslie Mann . It follows the repercussions of a drunken one-night stand between a slacker and a just-promoted media personality that results in an unintended pregnancy . The film was released on June 1 , 2007 to box office success , grossing $ 219 million worldwide , and acclaim from critics . A spin-off sequel , This Is 40 , was released in 2012 .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Mark_A._Altman", "score": 0.6147180795669556, "text": "Mark A. Altman is a writer , producer and actor .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Bill_Odenkirk", "score": 0.6130689382553101, "text": "Bill Odenkirk ( born October 13 , 1965 ) is an American comedy writer .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "Scott_James_Meyer", "score": 0.6121889352798462, "text": "Scott James Meyer is an attorney , writer and former stand-up comedian .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Aaron_Karo", "score": 0.6102557182312012, "text": "Aaron Karo ( born June 18 , 1979 ) is an American stand-up comedian and author best known for his Ruminations email column and series of books , his young adult novel Lexapros and Cons , and his Comedy Central special Aaron Karo : The Rest Is History .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Superbad_(film)", "score": 0.6097992062568665, "text": "Superbad is a 2007 American teen comedy film directed by Greg Mottola and produced by Judd Apatow . The film stars Jonah Hill and Michael Cera as Seth and Evan , two teenagers about to graduate high-school . Before graduating , the boys want to go to a party and lose their virginities . However , their plan proves harder than expected . Written by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg , the script began development when Rogen and Goldberg were 13 years old , and was loosely based on their experience in Grade 12 in Vancouver during the 1990s . The main characters have the same given names as the two writers . In fact , Rogen initially intended to play Seth , but due to age and physical size this was changed , and Hill went on to portray Seth , while Rogen portrayed the irresponsible Officer Michaels , opposite Saturday Night Live star Bill Hader as Officer Slater . The film received favorable reviews , with critics praising the dialogue and the chemistry between the two leads . The film also proved financially successful , grossing a total of $ 169 million from only a $ 20 million budget .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Phil_Sharp_(screenwriter)", "score": 0.6066478490829468, "text": "Phil Sharp is an American screenwriter .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
189135
Massachusetts is far away from Rhode Island.
[ { "id": "Massachusetts", "score": 0.6887763142585754, "text": "Massachusetts -LSB- mæsəˈtʃuːsᵻts -RSB- or -LSB- ˌmæsəˈtʃuːzᵻts -RSB- ; officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south , New Hampshire and Vermont to the north , and New York to the west . The state is named for the Massachusett tribe , which once inhabited the area . The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston . Over 80 % of Massachusetts ' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area , a region influential upon American history , academia , and industry . Originally dependent on agriculture , fishing and trade , Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution . During the 20th century , Massachusetts ' economy shifted from manufacturing to services . Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade . Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England , founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692 , the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America 's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In 1777 , General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory , which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances , including interchangeable parts . In 1786 , Shays ' Rebellion , a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans , influenced the United States Constitutional Convention . In the 18th century , the Protestant First Great Awakening , which swept the Atlantic World , originated from the pulpit of Northampton preacher Jonathan Edwards . In the late 18th century , Boston became known as the `` Cradle of Liberty '' for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution . The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a powerful commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States . Before the American Civil War , Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist , temperance , and transcendentalist movements . In the late 19th century , the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke , respectively . In 2004 , Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legally recognize same-sex marriage as a result of the decision in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court . Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state , including the Adams and Kennedy families . Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States , with the largest financial endowment of any university , and Harvard Law School has educated a contemporaneous majority of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States . Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called `` the most innovative square mile on the planet '' , in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010 . Both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , also in Cambridge , have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world . Massachusetts ' public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance ." } ]
[ { "id": "New_England", "score": 0.6536740064620972, "text": "New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeast United States : Connecticut , Maine , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , Rhode Island , and Vermont . It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and south , and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north , respectively . The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast , and Long Island Sound is to the south . Boston , the capital of Massachusetts , is New England 's largest city . The largest metropolitan area is Greater Boston , which also includes Worcester ( the second-largest city in both Massachusetts and New England ) , Manchester ( the largest city in New Hampshire ) , and Providence ( the capital and largest city of Rhode Island ) , with nearly a third of the entire region 's population . In 1620 , Puritan Separatist Pilgrims from England first settled in the region , forming the Plymouth Colony , the second successful English settlement in the Americas , following the Jamestown Settlement in Virginia founded in 1607 . Ten years later , more Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston , thus forming Massachusetts Bay Colony . Over the next 126 years , people in the region fought in four French and Indian Wars , until the British and their Iroquois allies defeated the French and their Algonquin allies in North America . In 1692 , the town of Salem , Massachusetts and surrounding areas experienced one of the most infamous cases of mass hysteria in the history of the Western Hemisphere , the Salem witch trials . In the late 18th century , political leaders from the New England Colonies known as the Sons of Liberty initiated resistance to Britain 's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists . The Boston Tea Party was a protest to which Britain responded with a series of punitive laws stripping Massachusetts of self-government , which were termed the `` Intolerable Acts '' by the colonists . The confrontation led to the first battles of the American Revolutionary War in 1775 , and the expulsion of the British authorities from the region in spring 1776 . The region played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery in the United States , and was the first region of the U.S. transformed by the Industrial Revolution , centered on the Blackstone and Merrimack river valleys . The physical geography of New England is diverse for such a small area ; southeastern New England is covered by a narrow coastal plain , while the western and northern regions are dominated by the rolling hills and worn-down peaks of the northern end of the Appalachian Mountains . With the Atlantic fall line lying so close to the coast , numerous industrial cities were able to take advantage of water power along the numerous rivers , such as the Connecticut River , which bisects the region from north to south . Each state is principally subdivided into small incorporated municipalities known as towns , many of which are governed by town meetings . The only unincorporated areas in the region exist in the sparsely populated northern regions of Maine , New Hampshire , and Vermont . The region is one of the U.S. Census Bureau 's nine regional divisions and the only multi-state region with clear , consistent boundaries . It maintains a strong sense of cultural identity , although the terms of this identity are often contrasted , combining Puritanism with liberalism , agrarian life with industry , and isolation with immigration .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "History_of_Massachusetts", "score": 0.6494358777999878, "text": "Massachusetts was first colonized by principally English Europeans in the early 17th century , and became the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the 18th century . Prior to English colonization of the area , it was inhabited by a variety of mainly Algonquian language indigenous tribes . The first permanent English settlement in New England came in 1620 with the founding of Plymouth Colony by the Pilgrims who sailed on the Mayflower . It set precedents but never grew large . A large-scale Puritan migration began in 1630 with the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony , and spawned the settlement of other New England colonies . Friction with the natives erupted in the high-casualty King Philip 's War in the 1670s . Puritanism was the established religion and was strictly enforced ; dissenters were exiled . The Colony clashed with Anglican opponents in England over its religious intolerance and the status of its charter . Most people were farmers . Businessmen established wide-ranging trade links , sending ships to the West Indies and Europe , and sometimes shipping goods in violation of the Navigation Acts . These political and trade issues led to the revocation of the Massachusetts charter in 1684 . The king in 1686 established the Dominion of New England to govern all of New England to centralize royal control and weaken local government . The intensely unpopular rule by Sir Edmund Andros came to a sudden end in 1689 with an uprising sparked by the Glorious Revolution in England . The new king William III established the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1691 , to govern a territory roughly equivalent to that of the modern state and Maine . Its governors were appointed by the crown , in contrast to the predecessor colonies , which had elected their own governors . This created friction between the colonists and the crown , which reached its height in the early days of the American Revolution in the 1760s and 1770s over issues of who could levy taxes . Massachusetts was where the American Revolutionary War began in 1775 when London tried to shut down local self-government . The commonwealth formally adopted the state constitution in 1780 , electing John Hancock its first governor . The state was the first to abolish slavery in 1783 . In the 19th century Massachusetts became America 's center of manufacturing , with the development of precision manufacturing and weaponry in Springfield , and large-scale textile mill complexes in Worcester , Haverhill , Lowell , and other communities using their rivers for power . It was a major intellectual center and center of abolitionism . The Springfield Armory made most of the weaponry for the Union in the American Civil War . After the war , immigrants from Europe flooded into the state , continuing to expand its industrial base until the 1950s , when textiles and other industries started to fade away , leaving a `` rust belt '' of empty mills and factories . Labor unions were important after the 1860s , as were big city political machines . The state 's strength as a center of education contributed to the development of an economy based on information technology and biotechnology in the later years of the 20th century , leading to the `` Massachusetts Miracle '' of the late 1980s .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "List_of_municipalities_in_Rhode_Island", "score": 0.647502601146698, "text": "Rhode Island is a state located in the Northeastern United States . According to the 2010 United States Census , Rhode Island is the 8th least populous state with inhabitants and the smallest by land area spanning 1033.81 sqmi of land . Rhode Island is divided into 39 incorporated municipalities , including 8 cities and 31 towns , grouped into 5 historic counties which have no municipal functions as the state has no county level of government . The entire area of the state is governed by town administrations except for areas within the boundaries of cities . Municipalities in Rhode Island can incorporate as a town or city by a special act of the state legislature and there is no minimum population requirement . Eight municipalities were re -- incorporated as cities operating under a charter , while the other thirty -- one remain as towns which perform similar services . Since Rhode Island has no county level of government , cities and towns provide services commonly performed by county governments in other states . Rhode Island 's cities and towns may adopt one of four different forms of government : council -- manager , mayor -- council , town council -- town meeting , or administrator -- council . The primary difference between these forms of government is how the chief executive is selected . The Council -- manager system involves an elected council who exercise overall control of the local government and a chief executive termed city or town manager who is generally appointed by and responsible to the council for the administration of local policies . Council -- manager systems may elect a mayor but they have no formal administrative functions with the potential exception of a degree of veto power . Mayor -- council systems have a similarly elected council however the mayor is elected and yields administrative power . In the town council -- town meeting system , there is no full -- time chief executive . There are no towns or cities in Rhode Island that use the administrator -- council form of government . The largest municipality by population in Rhode Island is Providence , the state capital , with 178,042 residents , and the smallest municipality by population is New Shoreham with 1,051 residents . Rhode Island is one of only two states ( with Hawaii ) in which all of the incorporated municipalities have a population greater than 1,000 people . The largest municipality by land area is Coventry which spans 59.05 mi2 , while Central Falls is the smallest at 1.20 mi2 .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Climate_of_Massachusetts", "score": 0.6326934099197388, "text": "The climate of Massachusetts is mainly a humid continental climate , with warm summers and cold , snowy winters . Massachusetts is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States . Most of its population of 6.4 million live in the Boston metropolitan area . The eastern half of this relatively small state is mostly urban and suburban . Massachusetts is the most populous of the six New England states and ranks third in overall population density and fourth by GDP per capita . Massachusetts receives about 50 inches ( 1016 mm ) of rain annually , fairly evenly distributed throughout the year , slightly wetter during the winter . Summers are warm with average high temperatures in July above 80 ° F ( 26.7 ° C ) and overnight lows above 60 ° F ( 15.5 ° C ) common throughout the state . Winters are cold , but generally less extreme on the coast with high temperatures in the winter averaging above freezing even in January , although areas further inland are much colder . The state does have extreme temperatures from time to time with 90 ° F ( 32.2 ° C ) in the summer and temperatures below 0 ° F ( -17.8 ° C ) in the winter not being unusual . The state has its share of extreme weather , prone to nor'easter s and to severe winter storms . Summers can bring thunderstorms , averaging around 30 days of thunderstorm activity per year . Massachusetts averages one tornado per year . Massachusetts , like the entire United States eastern seaboard , is vulnerable to hurricanes . Because its location is farther east in the Atlantic Ocean than states farther south , Massachusetts has suffered a direct hit from a major hurricane three times since 1851 , the same number of direct hits suffered by the southern Atlantic state of Georgia . More often hurricanes weakened to tropical storm strength pass near Massachusetts . With the exception of extreme southern Connecticut , all of New England has a humid continental climate or in a broad transition zone , with hot summers and cold winters . Owing to thick deciduous forests , fall in New England brings bright and colorful foliage , which comes earlier than in other regions , attracting tourism . Springs are generally wet and cloudy . Average rainfall generally ranges from 1,000 to 1,500 mm ( 40 to 60 in ) a year . Snowfall can often exceed 100 in ( 2,500 mm ) annually .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Adams_Island_(Massachusetts)", "score": 0.6285954713821411, "text": "Adams Island was an island in the U.S. state of Massachusetts .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Media_in_Rhode_Island", "score": 0.6237942576408386, "text": "The state of Rhode Island has the following popular media .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Massachusetts_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6234748363494873, "text": "Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the United States . Massachusetts may also refer to :", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Rhode_Island_Sound", "score": 0.6211146116256714, "text": "Rhode Island Sound is a strait of water , off the coast of the U.S. state of Rhode Island at mouth of Narragansett Bay . It forms the eastern extension of Long Island Sound and opens out the Atlantic Ocean between Block Island and Martha 's Vineyard .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Providence,_Rhode_Island", "score": 0.6207124590873718, "text": "Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U.S. state of Rhode Island , founded in 1636 , and one of the oldest cities in the United States . It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England , after Boston and Worcester . Providence has a city population of 179,154 ; it is also part of the Providence metropolitan area which extends into southern Massachusetts . The Providence metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,604,291 , which exceeds that of Rhode Island as a whole by about 60 % . This can be considered , in turn , to be part of the Greater Boston commuting area , which contains 7.6 million people . Providence was founded by Roger Williams , a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony . He named the area in honor of `` God 's merciful Providence '' , which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers to settle . The city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay . Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its textile manufacturing and subsequent machine tool , jewelry , and silverware industries . Today , the city of Providence is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning which have shifted the city 's economy into service industries , though it still retains some manufacturing activity . The city was once nicknamed the `` Beehive of Industry '' ; it began rebranding itself as the `` Creative Capital '' in 2009 to emphasize its educational resources and arts community .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Massachusetts_Bay", "score": 0.6205525398254395, "text": "Massachusetts Bay is a bay on the Atlantic Ocean that forms part of the coastline of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Foxborough,_Massachusetts", "score": 0.6203155517578125, "text": "Foxborough is a town in Norfolk County , Massachusetts , United States , about 22 mi southwest of Boston and 18 mi northeast of Providence , Rhode Island . Foxborough is part of the Greater Boston area . The population was 16,865 at the 2010 census . `` Foxborough '' is the official spelling of the town name , although the alternative spelling `` Foxboro '' is also frequently used . This alternative spelling is used by the United States Postal Service as the correct form by which to address mail to recipients in the town although both can be processed by their system . The sign on the post office reads `` Foxboro . '' The town is best known as the site of Gillette Stadium , home of the New England Patriots of the National Football League and the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Music_of_Massachusetts", "score": 0.6195123195648193, "text": "Massachusetts is a U.S. state in New England . The music of Massachusetts has developed actively since it was first colonized by Britain . The city of Boston is an especially large part of the state 's present music scene , which includes several genres of rock , as well as classical , folk , and hip hop music .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Bristol_County,_Massachusetts", "score": 0.6178709268569946, "text": "Bristol County is a county in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . As of the 2010 census , the population was 548,285 . The county seat is Taunton . Some governmental functions are performed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , others by the county , and others by local towns and cities . See Administrative divisions of Massachusetts . The property deed records are kept in Taunton , Attleboro , Fall River , and New Bedford . Bristol County is part of the Providence-Warwick , RI-MA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Boston-Worcester-Providence , MA-RI-NH-CT Combined Statistical Area . The county is adjacent to the state of Rhode Island . The adjacent counties are Plymouth County , Norfolk County , Bristol County , Rhode Island ( RI ) , Newport County , Rhode Island , Providence County , Rhode Island , and Dukes County .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "History_of_New_England", "score": 0.6176507472991943, "text": "The history of New England is the history of the New England region of North America in the current-day United States . New England is the oldest clearly defined region of the United States , and it predates the history of the United States by over 150 years . While New England was originally inhabited by Indigenous peoples , English Pilgrims and especially Puritans , fleeing religious persecution in England , arrived in the 1620-1660 era . They dominated the region ; their religion was later called Congregationalism . They and their descendants are called Yankees . Farming , fishing and lumbering prospered , as did whaling , sea trading , and merchandising . New England writers and events in the region helped launch and sustain the American Revolution , and the American War of Independence began when fighting between British troops and Massachusetts militia broke out in Battles of Lexington and Concord . The region became a stronghold of the conservative Federalist Party and opposed the later War of 1812 with Great Britain . By the 1840s it was the center of the American anti-slavery movement , and was the leading force in American literature and higher education . The region was the scene of the first Industrial Revolution in the United States , with many textile mills and machine shops operating by 1830 , and was the manufacturing center of the entire United States for much of that century . It played an important role leading up to , during , and after the American Civil War as a fervent intellectual , political , and cultural promoter of abolitionism as well as civil rights for Freedman and harsh treatment for former Confederate leaders . As manufacturing in the United States shifted southwards and westwards , New England experienced a sustained period of economic decline and deindustrialization in the early part of the last century . This trend was reversed in the late-twentieth century largely thanks to the region 's universities and educated workforce ; by the turn of the century , New England had become a world center for higher education , high technology , weapons manufacturing , scientific research , and financial services .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "Cranston,_Rhode_Island", "score": 0.617565393447876, "text": "Cranston , once known as Pawtuxet , is a city in Providence County , Rhode Island , United States . With a population of 80,529 at the 2010 census , it is the third largest city in the state . The center of population of Rhode Island is located in Cranston . Cranston is a part of the Providence metropolitan area . Cranston was named one of the `` 100 Best Places to Live '' in the United States by Money magazine in 2006 . It is among the top 25 safest cities in the country , according to CQ Press 's research . According to the survey done by 24/7 Wall St website , Cranston ranked 36th on the list of `` America 's 50 Best Cities to Live '' The Town of Cranston was created in 1754 from a portion of Providence north of the Pawtuxet River . After losing much of its territory to neighboring towns and the city of Providence , Cranston itself became a city on 10 March 1910 .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations", "score": 0.6170595288276672, "text": "The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was one of the original Thirteen Colonies established on the east coast of North America , bordering the Atlantic Ocean . It was a colony of the Kingdom of England from 1636 to 1707 , when the Acts of Union were passed , and then a colony of the unified Kingdom of Great Britain until 1776 . After the American Revolution , it became the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations ( commonly known as just Rhode Island ) .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_colonial_governors_of_Massachusetts", "score": 0.6166985630989075, "text": "The territory of the modern Commonwealth of Massachusetts , one of the United States of America , was settled in the 17th century by several different English colonies . The territories claimed or administered by these colonies encompassed a much larger area than that of the present commonwealth , and at times included portions of central and southern New England outside the bounds of the modern state , as well as present-day Maine and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia . Some colonial land claims extended all the way to the Pacific Ocean . The first permanent settlement was the Plymouth Colony ( 1620 ) , and the second major settlement was the Massachusetts Bay Colony at Salem in 1629 . Settlements that either failed or were merged into other colonies included the failed Popham Colony ( 1607 ) , on the coast of present-day Maine , and the Wessagusset Colony ( 1622 -- 23 ) , in present-day Weymouth , Massachusetts , whose remnants were folded into the Plymouth Colony . The Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies coexisted until 1686 , each electing governors in annual elections . Governance of both colonies was dominated by a relatively small group of magistrates , some of whom governed for many years . When the Dominion of New England was established in 1686 , it covered the territories of those colonies , as well as those of New Hampshire , Connecticut , and Rhode Island . In 1688 , it was further extended to include New York , and East and West Jersey . The Dominion was unpopular in the colonies , and was effectively disbanded when its royally appointed governor , Sir Edmund Andros , was arrested in the wake of the 1688 Glorious Revolution and sent back to England . After Andros ' arrest , each of the colonies temporarily reverted to previous governance until King William III reorganized the territory of the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies into the Province of Massachusetts Bay and appointed Sir William Phips as its royal governor in 1692 . The Province of Massachusetts Bay was governed by appointed civilian governors until 1774 , when Thomas Hutchinson was replaced by Lieutenant General Thomas Gage amid rising tensions between the Thirteen Colonies and the British Parliament . Gage , the province 's last royal governor , was effectively powerless beyond Boston , and was recalled after the June 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill . By then the province was already being run de facto by the Massachusetts Provincial Congress ; following the adoption of a state constitution in 1779 , the newly formed Commonwealth of Massachusetts elected John Hancock as its first governor .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Raynham,_Massachusetts", "score": 0.6159828305244446, "text": "Raynham is a town in Bristol County , Massachusetts , United States , located approximately 32 mi south of Boston and 22 mi northeast of Providence , Rhode Island . The population was 13,383 at the 2010 census . It has one village , Raynham Center .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Media_in_Providence_metropolitan_area", "score": 0.6155638098716736, "text": "The city of Providence , Rhode Island is part of a media market that includes New Bedford , Massachusetts . The area is served by several local television stations , radio stations , newspapers , and blogs based in the cities proper and the surrounding communities of Rhode Island and Bristol County , Massachusetts .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "Boston", "score": 0.615263044834137, "text": "Boston ( pronounced -LSB- ˈbɒstən -RSB- ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States . Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County , although the county government was disbanded on July 1 , 1999 . The city proper covers 48 mi2 with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015 , making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States . The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston , a Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country . Alternately , as a Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people , making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States . One of the oldest cities in the United States , Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon U.S. independence from Great Britain , it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture . Through land reclamation and municipal annexation , Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula . Its rich history attracts many tourists , with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public school , Boston Latin School ( 1635 ) , first subway system , the Tremont Street Subway ( 1897 ) , and first public park , Boston Common ( 1634 ) . The area 's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education , including law , medicine , engineering , and business , and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship , with nearly 2,000 startups . Boston 's economic base also includes finance , professional and business services , biotechnology , information technology , and government activities . Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States ; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment . The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification , though it remains high on world livability rankings .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
37693
Giancarlo Stanton was in the 2017 MLB draft.
[ { "id": "Giancarlo_Stanton", "score": 0.7891883254051208, "text": "Giancarlo Cruz Michael Stanton ( born November 8 , 1989 ) is an American professional baseball left fielder and right fielder for the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . Prior to 2012 , he was known as Mike Stanton . Stanton graduated from Notre Dame High School , before he was selected by the Marlins in the 2007 MLB draft . Stanton made his MLB debut with the Marlins in June 2010 . He is a three-time MLB All-Star and was the Hank Aaron Award winner for the National League in 2014 after leading the league in home runs . In November 2014 , the Marlins signed Stanton to the richest contract in sports history , worth $ 325 million over 13 years ." } ]
[ { "id": "List_of_Chicago_Cubs_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.7461824417114258, "text": "The Chicago Cubs are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in Chicago , Illinois . They play in the National League Central division . Since the institution of MLB 's Rule 4 Draft , the Cubs have selected 60 players in the first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is MLB 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur baseball clubs to its teams . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . Of the 60 players picked in the first round by the Cubs , 30 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 24 of these were right-handed , while 6 were left-handed . Sixteen players picked in the initial round were outfielders , while eight shortstops , two catchers , and one player each at first base , second base , and third base were also taken . The Cubs drafted 25 players out of high school , and 32 out of college . Chicago has drafted eleven players from high schools or colleges in the state of California , with six more coming from Texas and five from Indiana . The Cubs have also taken three players from their home state of Illinois . The Cubs have not won a World Series championship since 2016 , and no pick has been elected to the Hall of Fame . The Cubs ' first-round selection in 1995 -- Kerry Wood -- won the MLB Rookie of the Year award with the franchise in 1998 , his first season in the Major Leagues . Kris Bryant became the second Cubs first-round selection to win the MLB Rookie of the Year Award in 2015 . One pick -- 1985 selection Rafael Palmeiro -- is a member of both the 3,000 hit club and the 500 home run club . The Cubs have held the first overall pick in the draft only once , in 1982 , when they selected Shawon Dunston . The Cubs have received 13 compensatory picks , including nine selections made in the supplemental round of the draft since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the previous off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . As the Cubs have signed all of their first-round picks , they have never been awarded a supplementary pick under this provision .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "List_of_Miami_Marlins_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.7432775497436523, "text": "The Miami Marlins are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in Miami , Florida . They play in the National League East division . Since the franchise was established the Marlins have selected 25 players in the first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is MLB 's primary mechanism for assigning players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur clubs to its franchises . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . The First-Year Player Draft is unrelated to the 1992 expansion draft in which the Marlins filled their roster . Of the 25 players picked in the first round by Florida , 14 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 9 of these were right-handed , while 5 were left-handed . Four outfielders were selected and two players each were taken at first base , third base , and catcher . The Marlins have also drafted one shortstop in the first round , though they have never taken a second baseman . Seven of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , while four players came Florida and three came from Texas and Louisiana . Two of the Marlins ' first-round picks have won championships with the franchise . Charles Johnson ( 1992 ) won a World Series title on the 1997 championship team and Josh Beckett ( 1999 ) won with the 2003 team . Beckett also went on to be a part of the Boston Red Sox 2007 World Series championship team . Chris Coghlan ( 2006 ) is the only first-round pick of the Marlins to win the Rookie of the Year Award , taking the honor in 2009 . None of their first-round picks have been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame or won the Most Valuable Player or Cy Young Award . The Marlins have made three selections in the supplemental round of the draft and have made the first overall selection once ( 2000 ) . They have also had five compensatory picks since their first draft in 1992 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the previous off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Marlins have never failed to sign a first-round pick .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "1987_Major_League_Baseball_draft", "score": 0.7414635419845581, "text": "The Major League Baseball Draft is the process by which Major League Baseball ( MLB ) teams select athletes to play for their organization . High school seniors , college juniors and seniors , and anyone who had never played under a professional contract were considered eligible for the draft . The 1987 MLB Draft took place as a conference call to the Commissioner of Baseball 's office in New York from June 2 -- 4 . As opposed to the National Football League Draft which appeared on ESPN , no network aired the MLB Draft . The American League ( AL ) and the National League ( NL ) alternated picks throughout the first round ; because an NL team drafted first in the 1986 MLB Draft , an AL team had the first selection in 1987 . Having finished 67 -- 95 in 1986 , the Seattle Mariners had the worst record in the AL and thus obtained the first overall selection . The second selection went to the Pittsburgh Pirates , who had the worst record in the NL . With the first overall pick , the Mariners drafted Ken Griffey , Jr. from Moeller High School . Griffey , Jr. became a 13-time All-Star and helped Seattle make its first postseason appearance in franchise history . Mark Merchant , the second overall pick , however , never played in a major league game . Two years after he was drafted , the Pirates traded Merchant to Seattle . Chicago White Sox ' first overall selection Jack McDowell won the 1993 Cy Young Award as Chicago made a League Championship Series appearance that year . The total number of athletes drafted , 1,263 , broke a record for the most players ever chosen in a draft . In total , 27 All-Stars were selected in 1987 , although not all signed a professional contract . , only two players from the draft has been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame -- Craig Biggio and Griffey , Jr. .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "List_of_Major_League_Baseball_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.7301015257835388, "text": "Major League Baseball ( MLB ) is the highest level of play in North American professional baseball , and is the organization that operates the National League and the American League . In 2000 , the two leagues were officially disbanded as separate legal entities , and all of their rights and functions were consolidated in the commissioner 's office . Since that time , MLB has operated as a single league , and constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues of the United States . It is composed of 30 teams . The First-Year Player Draft , also known as the Rule 4 Draft , is MLB primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur baseball clubs to its teams . The first draft took place in 1965 ; it was introduced to prevent richer teams from negotiating wealthier contracts with top-level prospects and therefore , monopolizing the player market . Originally , three drafts were held each year . The first draft took place in June and involved high-school graduates and college seniors who had just finished their seasons . The second draft took place in January for high school and college players who had graduated in December . The third draft took place in August and was for players who participated in American amateur summer leagues . The August draft was eliminated after two years , and the January draft lasted until 1986 . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams that lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded `` compensatory '' picks .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "List_of_New_York_Yankees_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.729726254940033, "text": "The New York Yankees are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in The Bronx , New York . They play in the American League East division . Since the institution of Major League Baseball 's Rule 4 Draft , the Yankees have selected 46 players in the first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is Major League Baseball 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur baseball clubs to its teams . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . Of the 48 players the Yankees have selected in the first round , 23 were pitchers . Of these , 18 were right-handed and 5 were left-handed . The Yankees have drafted ten outfielders , six shortstops , three catchers , three first basemen , and three third basemen . The team has never drafted a player at second base . The Yankees drafted 29 players out of high school , and drafted 18 players out of college . Eleven of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , and Florida follows with five players . Four first-round picks have won championships with the franchise : Thurman Munson ( 1977 and 1978 ) , Derek Jeter ( 1996 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000 and 2009 ) , Phil Hughes ( 2009 ) , and Joba Chamberlain ( 2009 ) . Munson and Jeter have both also served as team captains for the Yankees . None of the Yankees ' first-round picks have been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame . Two of the Yankees ' picks have won the MLB Rookie of the Year award ; Munson won the award in 1970 , and Jeter won the award in 1996 . The Yankees have made 11 selections in the supplemental round of the draft and 19 compensatory picks since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the previous off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Yankees have been awarded compensatory draft choices for failing to sign first round picks Tyrell Godwin ( 1997 ) and Gerrit Cole ( 2008 ) . Though the Yankees also failed to sign Mark Prior ( 1998 ) , they were not awarded a compensatory pick , as Prior was chosen with the pick received for Godwin , and compensatory rules only allow for one compensation pick for failing to sign a player . The Yankees have also surrendered 10 first round picks due to free agent signings .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "List_of_first_overall_Major_League_Baseball_draft_picks", "score": 0.7245044112205505, "text": "The First-Year Player Draft , also known as the Rule 4 Draft , is Major League Baseball 's ( MLB ) primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur baseball clubs to its teams . Unlike most professional sports , MLB does not permit the trading of draft picks , so the draft order is solely determined by the previous season 's standings ; the team that possesses the worst record receives the first pick . If two teams have identical records , the team with the worse record in the previous season will receive the higher pick . In addition , teams that lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded `` compensatory '' picks . The first draft took place in 1965 ; it was introduced to prevent richer teams from negotiating wealthier contracts with top-level prospects and therefore , monopolizing the player market . Originally , three drafts were held each year . The first draft took place in June and involved high-school graduates and college seniors who had just finished their seasons . The second draft took place in January for high school and college players who had graduated in December . The third draft took place in August and was for players who participated in American amateur summer leagues . The August draft was eliminated after two years , and the January draft lasted until 1986 . In 1965 , Rick Monday became MLB 's first draft pick after being selected by the Kansas City Athletics . Mickey Moniak is the most recent first overall pick ; he was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in 2016 . Overall , 23 of the 50 picks before 2015 have participated in the All-Star Game , and three ( Bob Horner , Darryl Strawberry , and Bryce Harper ) have won the Rookie of the Year Award . Twenty-five of the fifty picks before 2015 have been drafted from high schools , one has been drafted out of the Independent American Association , and the others were drafted from universities . To date , Arizona State University and Vanderbilt University are the only schools from which multiple number-one overall draft picks have been chosen . No first overall pick was inducted into the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame until 2016 , when Ken Griffey , Jr. was inducted with a record 99.3 % of votes cast . In the 49 drafts that have taken place through 2013 , 22 of the 30 MLB franchises have had the first pick at least once . The Toronto Blue Jays , St. Louis Cardinals , Los Angeles Dodgers , San Francisco Giants , Cleveland Indians , Cincinnati Reds , Boston Red Sox , and Colorado Rockies have never had the first pick . The Montreal Expos never had the first pick , but the Nationals have had it twice . The Oakland Athletics have never had the first pick , but the Kansas City Athletics had the very first pick in MLB Draft history . The New York Mets , San Diego Padres have each had the first pick 5 times , and the Astros , Seattle Mariners , Pittsburgh Pirates , and Tampa Bay Rays have each had the first pick four times .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "2016_Major_League_Baseball_draft", "score": 0.7160106897354126, "text": "The 2016 Major League Baseball ( MLB ) First-Year Player Draft began on June 9 , 2016 , to assign amateur baseball players to MLB teams . The draft order is the reverse order of the 2015 MLB season standings . In addition , compensation picks will be distributed for players who did not sign from the 2015 MLB Draft . The Philadelphia Phillies received the first overall selection . The Los Angeles Dodgers received the 36th pick as compensation for failing to sign Kyle Funkhouser , the 35th overall selection of the 2015 MLB Draft . Teams from the smallest markets and revenue pools are eligible for competitive balance draft picks . The first six picks , Round A , were determined by lottery between the Arizona Diamondbacks , Colorado Rockies , Cincinnati Reds , Miami Marlins , San Diego Padres , Tampa Bay Rays , Milwaukee Brewers , Cleveland Indians , Oakland Athletics , Pittsburgh Pirates , Kansas City Royals , and St. Louis Cardinals . The six preceding teams that do not receive a pick in Round A were entered into a second lottery , with the Baltimore Orioles , Minnesota Twins , and Seattle Mariners , to receive the six picks in Round B . The twelve competitive balance draft picks are the only picks allowed to be traded . The Reds received the first pick in Round A , followed by the Athletics , Rockies , Diamondbacks , Marlins , and Pirates . The Padres received the first pick of Round B , followed by the Indians , Twins , Brewers , Orioles , and Rays .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "List_of_Los_Angeles_Dodgers_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.7107484936714172, "text": "The Los Angeles Dodgers are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in Los Angeles , California . They play in the National League West division . Since the institution of MLB 's Rule 4 Draft , the Dodgers have selected 59 players in the first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is MLB 's primary mechanism for assigning players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur clubs to its franchises . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . Of the 60 players picked in the first round by Los Angeles , 34 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 22 of these were right-handed , while 11 were left-handed . Nine players each at shortstop and seven in the outfield were selected , while five catchers , three first basemen , and two third basemen were taken as well . The team also selected one player at second base . Seven of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of Texas , while California follows with six players . Five Dodgers first-round picks have won a World Series championships with the team . Pitchers Bob Welch ( 1977 ) and Steve Howe ( 1979 ) played with the 1981 championship team . Shortstop Dave Anderson ( 1981 ) and first baseman Franklin Stubbs ( 1982 ) were a part of the 1988 championship team . Catcher Mike Scioscia ( 1976 ) won championships with both teams . Welch was also on the Oakland Athletics ' 1988 team which lost to the Dodgers in the 1988 Series . Howe and Rick Sutcliffe ( 1974 ) each won the MLB Rookie of the Year award . The Dodgers have made 11 selections in the supplemental round of the draft and have never made the first overall selection . They have also had 16 compensatory picks since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the prior off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Dodgers have failed to sign one of their first-round picks , Luke Hochevar ( 2005 ) , but received no compensation pick .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "2015_Major_League_Baseball_draft", "score": 0.7008809447288513, "text": "The 2015 Major League Baseball ( MLB ) First-Year Player Draft was held from June 8 through June 10 , 2015 , to assign amateur baseball players to MLB teams . The draft order is the reverse order of the 2014 MLB season standings . As the Diamondbacks finished the 2014 season with the worst record , they had the first overall selection . In addition , the Houston Astros had the 2nd pick of the 2015 draft , as compensation for failing to sign Brady Aiken , the first overall selection of the 2014 MLB Draft . Twelve free agents received and rejected qualifying offers of $ 15.3 million for the 2015 season , entitling their teams to compensatory draft choices if they are signed by another team . The team signing the player will lose their first round choice , though the first ten picks are protected . The New York Mets surrendered their first round pick ( 15th overall ) to sign Michael Cuddyer , while the Colorado Rockies gained a supplementary pick . The Toronto Blue Jays lost their pick for signing Russell Martin , giving a compensatory pick to the Pittsburgh Pirates . The Boston Red Sox surrendered their second - and third-round picks ( Boston 's first pick is protected ) to sign Pablo Sandoval and Hanley Ramírez . The San Francisco Giants and Los Angeles Dodgers received supplementary picks . Dean Kremer became the first ever Israeli drafted in a MLB draft , when selected in the 39th round , by the Padres .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "List_of_San_Francisco_Giants_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.6960530281066895, "text": "The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in San Francisco , California . They play in the National League West division . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is MLB 's primary mechanism for assigning players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur clubs to its franchises . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . Since the establishment of the draft in 1965 , the Giants have selected 68 players in the first round . Of those 68 players , 32 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 23 of these were right-handed , while 9 were left-handed . The Giants have also selected twelve outfielders , seven shortstops , six catchers , four third basemen , and three players each at first and second base . One player , 2010 selection Gary Brown , was drafted as a center fielder . The franchise has drafted eight players from colleges or high schools in their home state of California , more than any other . The Giants have never held the first-overall pick , but they did have the second pick in 1985 , with which they drafted Will Clark . Four of San Francisco 's first-round draft picks have won three World Series championships with the team -- Matt Cain , Tim Lincecum , Madison Bumgarner , and Buster Posey -- all as part of the 2010 , 2012 and 2014 championship teams . Two of the Giants ' selections have won the National League Rookie of the Year Award : Gary Matthews ( drafted in 1968 ) won in 1973 ; and Posey ( drafted in 2008 ) won the award in 2010 . Posey was also named the National League 's Most Valuable Player in 2012 . Three of the Giants selections have been named the Most Valuable Player of the National League Championship Series ; Matthews in 1983 with Philadelphia , Clark in 1989 and Bumgarner in 2014 . Bumgarner was also named Most Valuable Player of the 2014 World Series . Lincecum , the Giants ' 2006 selection , won the Cy Young Award -- awarded annually to the best pitcher in each league -- in 2008 and 2009 . San Francisco has made 16 selections in the supplemental round of the draft . They have also received 12 compensatory picks since the first draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the previous off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Giants have failed to sign two of their first-round selections : 1979 pick Rick Luecken ; and 1996 pick Matt White . The Giants did not receive any compensation for Luecken , but they did receive the 49th pick in 1997 for failing to sign White .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "List_of_Milwaukee_Brewers_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.692730724811554, "text": "The Milwaukee Brewers are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . They play in the National League Central division . Established in Seattle , Washington as the Seattle Pilots in 1969 , the team became the Milwaukee Brewers after relocating to Milwaukee in 1970 . The franchise played in the American League until 1998 , when it moved to the National League as a part of MLB 's realignment plan . Since the institution of MLB 's Rule 4 Draft , the Brewers have selected 55 players in the first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is MLB 's primary mechanism for assigning players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur clubs to its franchises . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . Of the 55 players picked in the first round by Milwaukee , 25 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 17 of these were right-handed , while 8 were left-handed . Ten shortstops were selected , and nine outfielders , four third basemen , three first basemen , and three catchers were taken . The team also selected one second baseman . Eleven of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , and Florida follows with ten players . Two Brewers first-round picks have been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame : Robin Yount ( 1973 ) was elected in 1999 and Paul Molitor ( 1977 ) in 2004 . The Brewers have retired Yount 's number 19 and Molitor 's number 4 . Yount was named the American League Most Valuable Player in 1982 and 1989 . Ryan Braun ( 2005 ) won the National League Rookie of the Year award in 2007 . The Brewers have made ten selections in the supplemental round of the draft and have made one first overall selection in the draft . They have also had three compensatory picks since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the prior off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Brewers have failed to sign four of their first-round picks ; Bill Bordley ( 1976 ) , Alex Fernandez ( 1988 ) , Kenny Henderson ( 1991 ) , and Dylan Covey ( 2010 ) .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "List_of_Philadelphia_Phillies_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.6915997862815857, "text": "The Philadelphia Phillies are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . They play in the National League East division . Since the institution of Major League Baseball 's Rule 4 Draft , the Phillies have selected 49 players in its first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is Major League Baseball 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur baseball clubs to its teams . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . Of the 49 players picked in the first round by the Phillies , 25 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 19 of these were right-handed , while 6 were left-handed . Nine players picked in the initial round were outfielders , while six catchers , four first basemen , and three shortstops were selected . The team also selected one player each at second base and third base . Thirteen of the 45 players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , while Texas and Florida follow , with six and five players , respectively . Eight Phillies first-round picks have won a championship with the franchise . Greg Luzinski ( 1968 ) , Larry Christenson ( 1972 ) , and Lonnie Smith ( 1974 ) were on the roster when the team won the 1980 World Series . Third baseman ( later left fielder ) Pat Burrell ( 1998 ) , pitchers Adam Eaton ( 1996 ) , Brett Myers ( 1999 ) and Cole Hamels ( 2002 ) , and second baseman Chase Utley ( 2000 ) were all members of the team during the Phillies ' 2008 World Series championship . The Phillies have had five compensatory and seven supplementary picks since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the prior off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Phillies have failed to sign their first-round pick twice . The first occurrence was in 1965 ( Mike Adamson ) ; however , compensatory picks were not awarded at that time . The second occurrence was in 1997 , when outfielder J. D. Drew , at the advice of agent Scott Boras , refused to sign a contract worth less than $ 10 million . Drew sat out of affiliated baseball in 1997 , playing instead for the independent St. Paul Saints of the Northern League , and re-entered the 1998 Draft the following year . The Phillies were awarded an additional pick in that draft , with which they selected outfielder Eric Valent .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Tim_Beckham", "score": 0.6899470686912537, "text": "Timothy Lamar Beckham ( born January 27 , 1990 ) is an American professional baseball infielder for the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He was the first overall selection of the 2008 MLB Draft by the Rays , and received a signing bonus of $ 6.15 million .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "2017_Major_League_Baseball_draft", "score": 0.6898856163024902, "text": "The 2017 Major League Baseball ( MLB ) First-Year Player Draft will begin on June 12 , 2017 . The draft will assign amateur baseball players to MLB teams . With the worst record in the 2016 MLB season , the Minnesota Twins received the first overall pick . In addition , compensation picks will be distributed for players who did not sign from the 2016 MLB Draft .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "List_of_Detroit_Tigers_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.6893075108528137, "text": "The Detroit Tigers are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in Detroit , Michigan . They play in the American League Central division . Since the institution of MLB 's Rule 4 Draft , the Tigers have selected 59 players in the first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is MLB 's primary mechanism for assigning players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur clubs to its franchises . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . Of the 59 players picked in the first round by Detroit , 29 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 24 of these were right-handed , while 5 were left-handed . Eleven outfielders were selected , while five shortstops , five catchers , three first basemen , three third basemen and one second baseman were taken as well . One additional player , Lance Parrish ( 1974 ) , was drafted as an infielder but ultimately spent the majority of his Major League career at catcher . Twelve of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , followed by Texas with nine players . The Tigers have also drafted five players from their home state of Michigan . Two of the Tigers ' first-round picks have won championships with the franchise . Parrish and Kirk Gibson ( 1978 ) won a World Series title on the 1984 championship team . Justin Verlander ( 2004 ) is the only first-round pick of the Tigers to win the Rookie of the Year Award , taking the honor in 2006 . None of their first-round picks have been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame . Justin Verlander became the first player who was drafted in the 1st round of the draft to win the Most Valuable Player award while with the Tigers in the 2011 season . Gibson won the MVP award in his first year with the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1988 . The Tigers have made nine selections in the supplemental round of the draft and have made the first overall selection once ( 1997 ) . They have also had eight compensatory picks since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the previous off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Tigers failed to sign their 1966 first-round pick , Rick Konik , but they received no compensatory pick .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "2007_Major_League_Baseball_draft", "score": 0.6878309845924377, "text": "The 2007 Major League Baseball First-Year Player Draft was Major League Baseball 's annual amateur draft of high school and college baseball players , and was held on June 7 , 2007 , and June 8 , 2007 . The first day session of the draft included the first 25 rounds , was scheduled to be broadcast `` live '' from Orlando , Florida , on television for the first time , on ESPN2 from 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm Eastern Daylight Time ( 1800 -- 2200 UTC ) . Previously the conference call format draft was broadcast live , along with commentary , on both draft days exclusively from the MLB.com website as streaming audio . In total , the draft featured 50 rounds and 1453 selections .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "List_of_Toronto_Blue_Jays_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.6874681711196899, "text": "The Toronto Blue Jays are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . They play in the American League East division . Since the Blue Jays ' entrance into the league in 1977 , the Blue Jays have selected 63 players in the first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is MLB 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur clubs to its teams . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . The First-Year Player Draft is unrelated to the 1976 expansion draft in which the Blue Jays initially filled their roster . Of the 63 players picked in the first round by Toronto , 29 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 21 of them were right-handed , while 8 were left-handed . 13 shortstops , 12 outfielders , four third basemen , and three catchers and first basemen were also taken . The team has never drafted a player at second base . 14 of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , and Texas follow with six players . They have also drafted two players from Puerto Rico : Alex Ríos ( 1999 ) and Miguel Negrón ( 2000 ) . Ed Sprague , Jr. ( 1988 ) , who was with the franchise when they won the World Series in 1992 and 1993 , is the only pick to win a championship with the team . None of the Blue Jays ' first-round picks have been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame , and no picks have won the MLB Rookie of the Year award , though Shawn Green ( 1991 ) and Alex Ríos ( 1999 ) finished fifth in the voting in 1995 and 2004 , respectively . Roy Halladay ( 1995 ) is the only first-round pick of the Blue Jays to earn a Cy Young Award with the team , winning in 2003 . Jay Schroeder ( 1979 ) was drafted as a catcher , but ended up becoming a quarterback for ten years in the National Football League . The Blue Jays have made 23 selections in the supplemental round of the draft and 30 compensatory picks since their entry into the league in 1977 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the previous off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Blue Jays have failed to sign two of their first-round picks , James Paxton ( 2009 ) , who opted to return to the University of Kentucky , and Tyler Beede ( 2011 ) . The Blue Jays received the 38th pick in 2010 and the 22nd pick in 2012 as compensation .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "List_of_Boston_Red_Sox_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.6863871216773987, "text": "The Boston Red Sox are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in Boston , Massachusetts . They play in the American League East division . Since the institution of MLB 's Rule 4 Draft , the Red Sox have selected 70 players in the first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is MLB 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur baseball clubs to its teams . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . Of the 70 players picked in the first round by the Sox , 31 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 20 of these were right-handed , while 11 were left-handed . 19 of the players picked in the initial round were outfielders , while nine shortstops , four first basemen , four catchers , and two second basemen were selected . The team also selected one player at third base . Ten of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , while Texas and South Carolina follow with seven and six players , respectively . The Red Sox have also drafted two players from outside the United States : Chris Reitsma ( 1996 ) from Canada and Reymond Fuentes ( 2009 ) from Puerto Rico . Two of their first-round picks have won championships with the franchise . Outfielder Trot Nixon ( 1993 ) was on the 2004 championship team and outfielder Jacoby Ellsbury ( 2005 ) played with the 2007 championship team . Nomar Garciaparra ( 1994 ) won the Rookie of the Year Award with the Red Sox in 1997 . Jim Rice ( drafted in 1971 ) , Roger Clemens ( drafted in 1983 ) , and Mo Vaughn ( drafted in 1989 ) have each won a Most Valuable Player Award with the team . Clemens also won three Cy Young Awards with the Red Sox and another four with other teams for a total of seven , more than any other pitcher in MLB history . Clay Buchholz ( 2005 ) threw a no-hitter , the 17th in Red Sox franchise history , in his second major league start , tying him with Wilson Álvarez for the second-fastest no-hitter by an MLB pitcher . Jim Rice is the only first-round pick of the Red Sox in the Baseball Hall of Fame , inducted in 2009 . The Red Sox have made 20 selections in the supplemental round of the draft . They have never made the first overall selection in the draft . They have had 30 compensatory picks since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the prior off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Red Sox have failed to sign two first-round picks across their draft history . First , Jimmy Hack ( 1970 ) did not sign but they received no compensation pick . The Red Sox also did not sign Greg McMurtry ( 1986 ) and were given the 32nd pick of the 1987 draft in compensation which they used to draft Bob Zupcic .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "1992_Major_League_Baseball_expansion_draft", "score": 0.6852630376815796, "text": "On November 17 , 1992 , during the 1992 -- 93 offseason , Major League Baseball ( MLB ) held an expansion draft in New York City to allow two expansion teams , the Florida Marlins and Colorado Rockies , to build their rosters prior to debuting in the National League 's ( NL ) East and the West divisions , respectively , in the 1993 MLB season . The 1990 collective bargaining agreement between MLB owners and the MLB Players Association allowed the NL to expand by two members to match the American League ( AL ) . In June 1991 , MLB accepted bids of groups from Miami , Florida , and Denver , Colorado , with debuts set for 1993 . The Marlins and Rockies used the expansion draft to build their teams using different strategies . As the Rockies had a smaller operating budget than the Marlins , the Rockies targeted prospects with low salaries , while the Marlins selected older players intended to provide more immediate impact . All three rounds of the draft were televised by ESPN .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "List_of_Houston_Astros_first-round_draft_picks", "score": 0.6850165724754333, "text": "The Houston Astros , originally called the `` Colt .45 s '' , are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in Houston , Texas . They play in the American League West division . Since the institution of Major League Baseball 's Rule 4 Draft , the Astros have selected 56 players in the first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is Major League Baseball 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur baseball clubs to its franchises . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , and the team that had the worst record receives the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . The First-Year Player Draft is unrelated to the 1961 expansion draft in which the Astros initially filled their roster . Of the 56 players picked in the first round by Houston , 24 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 21 of these were right-handed , while 3 were left-handed . Nine catchers were selected , while nine outfielders , nine shortstops , two first basemen , and two third basemen were taken as well . The team also selected one player at second base . Thirteen of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , while Texas and Tennessee follow with five and three players , respectively . They have also drafted two players from outside the United States : Carlos Correa ( 2012 ) from Puerto Rico and Ramón Castro ( 1994 ) from Puerto Rico . Carlos Correa is the only Astros first-round pick to have won a Rookie of the Year award , joining Jeff Bagwell ( 1991 , originally drafted by the Red Sox ) as the two Astros to win ROY . No Astros first round pick has won a Most Valuable Player award or Cy Young Award with the team . Craig Biggio ( 1987 ) is the only player drafted by the Astros in the first round in the 3,000 hit club . Brad Lidge ( 1998 ) won the Comeback Player of the Year Award in 2008 with the Philadelphia Phillies , his first season after leaving the Astros . The Astros have made 12 selections in the supplemental round of the draft . They have made the first overall selection in the draft five times ; in 1976 , 1992 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 . They have had 16 compensatory picks since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the prior off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Astros have failed to sign three of their first-round picks . First , pitcher Randy Scarbery ( 1970 ) did not sign though the Astros received no pick in compensation . John Burke ( 1991 ) and Brady Aiken ( 2014 ) also did not sign . The Astros were given the 37th pick of the 1992 draft and a pick in the 2015 draft in compensation .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]
17202
Chris Pine appeared in Wonder Woman (2017 film).
[ { "id": "Chris_Pine", "score": 0.6923408508300781, "text": "Christopher Whitelaw Pine ( born August 26 , 1980 ) is an American actor . He is known for his role as James T. Kirk in Star Trek ( 2009 ) , Star Trek Into Darkness ( 2013 ) , and Star Trek Beyond ( 2016 ) . He also appeared in the films The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement ( 2004 ) , Just My Luck ( 2006 ) , Smokin ' Aces ( 2007 ) , Bottle Shock ( 2008 ) , Unstoppable ( 2010 ) , This Means War ( 2012 ) , Rise of the Guardians ( 2012 ) , Horrible Bosses 2 ( 2014 ) , Jack Ryan : Shadow Recruit ( 2014 ) , Into the Woods ( 2014 ) , Z for Zachariah ( 2015 ) , The Finest Hours ( 2016 ) , Hell or High Water ( 2016 ) , and Wonder Woman ( 2017 ) ." } ]
[ { "id": "Wonder_Woman_(disambiguation)", "score": 0.6514055132865906, "text": "Wonder Woman is an All Star/DC comic book superhero .", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Chris_Pine", "score": 0.6502971053123474, "text": "The following is a List of awards and nominations received by Chris Pine throughout his acting career .", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "Steve_Trevor", "score": 0.6254287362098694, "text": "Steven Rockwell Trevor is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Created by William Moulton Marston , he is a trusted friend and partner who introduces Diana ( Wonder Woman ) to `` Man 's World '' , and has served as Wonder Woman 's United Nations liaison . The character has been adapted for other media several times . He has been voiced by actors such as Tahmoh Penikett , Nathan Fillion , and George Newbern , among others in various Wonder Woman and Justice League productions . In live action depictions , Lyle Waggoner portrayed the character in the 1970s Wonder Woman series , and Chris Pine is set to take on the role in the 2017 theatrical Wonder Woman film , which is set in the DC Extended Universe .", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "Gal_Gadot", "score": 0.6212514042854309, "text": "Gal Gadot-Varsano ( גל גדות , -LSB- ˈɡal ɡaˈdot -RSB- ; born 30 April 1985 ) is an Israeli actress and model . Gadot is primarily known for her role as Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe , starting with Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice ( 2016 ) , continuing as the lead in Wonder Woman ( 2017 ) , and thereafter in the first part of the Justice League films . In 2013 she was ranked as the second highest earning actress/models in Israel , behind Bar Refaeli , but ahead of Esti Ginzburg and Shlomit Malka , with the majority of her income coming from acting . She is the face of Gucci 's Bamboo perfume .", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "Justice_League_(film)", "score": 0.6181361675262451, "text": "Justice League is an upcoming American superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name , distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is intended to be the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe . The film is directed by Zack Snyder , with a screenplay by Chris Terrio , from a story by Snyder and Terrio , and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck , Henry Cavill , Gal Gadot , Jason Momoa , Ezra Miller , Ray Fisher , Amy Adams , Willem Dafoe , Jesse Eisenberg , Jeremy Irons , Diane Lane , Connie Nielsen , Ciarán Hinds and J. K. Simmons . In Justice League , Batman and Wonder Woman assemble a team consisting of Flash , Aquaman and Cyborg to face the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons . The film was announced in October 2014 with Snyder on board to direct and Terrio attached to write the script . Principal photography commenced on April 11 , 2016 and ended on October 14 , 2016 . Snyder left the film on May 22 , 2017 , following the suicide of his daughter ; Joss Whedon was brought on to finish reshoots and the post-production process . Justice League is scheduled to be released on November 17 , 2017 , in 2D , 3D and IMAX 3D .", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "Wonder_Woman_in_literature", "score": 0.6128267049789429, "text": "Wonder Woman in literature .", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "Wonder_Woman", "score": 0.6090726852416992, "text": "Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character is a founding member of the Justice League , demigoddess , warrior princess , and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazonian people . In her homeland , she is Princess Diana of Themyscira , and outside of her homeland , she is known by her civilian identity Diana Prince . Wonder Woman was created by the American psychologist and writer William Moulton Marston , and artist Harry G. Peter . Marston and his wife Elizabeth 's cohabitant , Olive Byrne , is credited as being his inspiration for the character 's appearance . Marston drew a great deal of inspiration from early feminists , and especially from birth control pioneer Margaret Sanger . The character first appeared in All Star Comics # 8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on Sensation Comics # 1 , January 1942 . The Wonder Woman title has been published by DC Comics almost continuously except for a brief hiatus in 1986 . Wonder Woman 's origin story relates that she was sculpted from clay by her mother Queen Hippolyta and given life by Aphrodite , along with superhuman powers as gifts by the Greek Gods . However , in recent years artists updated her profile : she has been depicted as the daughter of Zeus , and jointly raised by her mother Hippolyta and her aunts Antiope and Menalippe ; artists George Perez gave her a muscular look and emphasized her Amazonian heritage ; artist Jim Lee redesigned Diana 's costume to include pants ; she inherits Ares 's divine abilities , becoming the personified `` God of War '' ; and writer Greg Rucka clarified her sexual orientation as bisexual , giving her a backstory that includes positive relationships with women . Her Amazonian training helped to develop a wide range of extraordinary skills in strategy , hunting , and combat . She possesses an arsenal of advanced technology , including the Lasso of Truth , a pair of indestructible bracelets , a tiara which serves as a projectile , and , in older stories , a range of devices based on Amazon technology . Wonder Woman was created during World War II ; the character was initially depicted fighting Axis military forces as well as an assortment of colorful supervillains , although over time her stories came to place greater emphasis on characters , deities , and monsters from Greek mythology . Many stories depicted Wonder Woman rescuing herself from bondage , which defeated the `` damsels in distress '' trope that was common in comics during the 1940s . In the decades since her debut , Wonder Woman has gained a formidable cast of enemies bent on eliminating the Amazon , including classic villains such as Ares , Cheetah , Doctor Poison , Circe , Doctor Psycho , and Giganta , along with more recent adversaries such as Veronica Cale . Wonder Woman has also regularly appeared in comic books featuring the superhero teams Justice Society ( from 1941 ) and Justice League ( from 1960 ) . Notable depictions of the character in other media include Gloria Steinem placing the character on the cover of Ms. magazine in 1971 ; the 1975 -- 1979 Wonder Woman TV series starring Lynda Carter ; as well as animated series such as the Super Friends and Justice League . Since Carter 's television series , studios struggled to introduce a new live-action Wonder Woman to audiences , although the character continued to feature in a variety of toys and merchandise , as well as animated adaptations of DC properties , including a direct-to-DVD animated feature . Attempts to return Wonder Woman to television have included a television pilot for NBC in 2011 , closely followed by another stalled production for The CW . Gal Gadot portrays Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe , starting with the 2016 film Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice , marking the character 's feature film debut after over 70 years of history . Gadot will also star in the character 's first solo live-action film Wonder Woman , set to be released on June 2 , 2017 . On October 21 , 2016 , the United Nations sparked controversy by naming Wonder Woman a UN Honorary Ambassador for the Empowerment of Women and Girls in a ceremony attended by Under-Secretary-General for Communications and Public Information Cristina Gallach and by actors Lynda Carter and Gal Gadot . Critics regard the character as not being a worthy role model for women , deeming the scantily clad `` large breasted , white woman of impossible proportions '' as being overtly sexualized and not culturally sensitive . Two months later she was dropped from her role as a UN Ambassador following a petition .", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "Wonder_Wheel_(film)", "score": 0.6071308851242065, "text": "Wonder Wheel is an upcoming American drama film written and directed by Woody Allen . The film is set in a late 1950s amusement park at Coney Island , Brooklyn , New York City . The film is produced by Amazon Studios , with Kate Winslet leading the ensemble cast of Justin Timberlake , Juno Temple , and Jim Belushi .", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "Wonder_Woman_(2009_film)", "score": 0.6049408912658691, "text": "Wonder Woman is a 2009 direct-to-DVD animated superhero film focusing on the superheroine of the same name . The plot of the film is loosely based on George Pérez 's reboot of the character , specifically the `` Gods and Mortals '' arc that started the character 's second volume in 1987 . It is the fourth in the line of DC Universe Animated Original Movies released by Warner Premiere and Warner Bros. . Animation . The film is directed by Lauren Montgomery , who directed the second act of Superman : Doomsday and did storyboard work for Justice League : The New Frontier , written by Gail Simone and Michael Jelenic . As with all previous releases in this line of films , it is produced by acclaimed DC Comics animation veteran Bruce Timm . On August 11 , 2015 , Warner Home Video re-released the film on a combo pack , which includes a DVD and Blu-Ray copy , a digital copy , and with the graphic novel it was based on .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "Hippolyta_(DC_Comics)", "score": 0.6022672653198242, "text": "Queen Hippolyta is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character is based on Hippolyta , queen of the Amazons from Greek mythology . She is also mother of Wonder Woman and Donna Troy . This is the only incarnation of this mythological character that ever had a daughter . Wonder Woman was jointly raised by Queen Hippolyta ( Danish actress Connie Nielsen ) , General Antiope , and Menalippe in the 2017 live action Wonder Woman film .", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "Professor_Marston_&_the_Wonder_Women", "score": 0.5994446277618408, "text": "Professor Marston & The Wonder Women is an upcoming American biographical drama film directed and written by Angela Robinson . The film stars Luke Evans , Rebecca Hall , and Bella Heathcote .", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "Wonder_Woman_(soundtrack)", "score": 0.5963725447654724, "text": "Wonder Woman is the soundtrack to the film of the same name . The music is written , arranged and composed by Rupert Gregson-Williams . It will be released on June 2 , 2017 by WaterTower Music . On November 3 , 2016 , Rupert Gregson-Williams was hired to write and compose the film 's music . He is joined by Tom Howe , Paul Mounsey , and Andrew Kawczynski who provide additional music . The soundtrack will be released on the same day as the film on CD , digital , and vinyl . Australian singer Sia sang a song for the film , titled `` To Be Human '' , featuring English musician Labrinth . Written by Florence Welch and Rick Nowels , the track will also feature on the soundtrack .", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "Cultural_impact_of_Wonder_Woman", "score": 0.5953241586685181, "text": "Wonder Woman is a character initially created for comic books in 1941 , the medium in which she is still most prominently found to this day . As befitting an icon of her status , she has made appearances in other forms of media and has been referenced and meta-referenced beyond the scope of traditional superhero entertainment . For several years in the 1950s , the only three superheroes to have their own comic book were Superman , Batman , and Wonder Woman . The cultural impact of the character , once derided by psychologists and anti-comic book crusaders as an anti-male lesbian , has steadily increased over the years , having served as an iconic exemplar of the feminist movement and a continuing symbol of female empowerment . As such , she appears in numerous media , from cereal box covers and popular magazines to being referenced both directly and indirectly in film , animation and television programming . As a cultural icon , she is the subject of several homages and parodies in many forms of media .", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "Battle_of_the_Sexes_(film)", "score": 0.5947950482368469, "text": "Battle of the Sexes is an upcoming American sports comedy-drama film directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris and written by Simon Beaufoy . The plot is loosely based on the 1973 tennis match between Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs . The film stars Emma Stone , Steve Carell , Andrea Riseborough , Elisabeth Shue , Austin Stowell , and Sarah Silverman . The film is scheduled to be released on September 22 , 2017 , by Fox Searchlight Pictures .", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "This_Means_War_(film)", "score": 0.594547688961029, "text": "This Means War is a 2012 American romantic comedy spy film directed by McG in which two CIA agents who are best friends discover that they are dating the same woman . The film stars Reese Witherspoon , Chris Pine , and Tom Hardy .", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "Ares_(DC_Comics)", "score": 0.5944356322288513, "text": "Ares ( also sometimes referred to as Mars or War ) is a fictional character , a supervillain who appears in DC Comics publications and related media . Based upon the Greek mythological figure of the same name , he is the Greek god of war and a major adversary of the super-hero Wonder Woman . The character will make his cinematic debut in Wonder Woman portrayed by actor David Thewlis .", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "The_Finest_Hours_(2016_film)", "score": 0.5930488705635071, "text": "The Finest Hours is a 2016 American historical drama-thriller film directed by Craig Gillespie and produced by Walt Disney Pictures . The screenplay , written by Eric Johnson , Scott Silver , and Paul Tamasy , is based on The Finest Hours : The True Story of the U.S. Coast Guard 's Most Daring Sea Rescue by Michael J. Tougias and Casey Sherman . The film stars Chris Pine , Casey Affleck , Ben Foster , Holliday Grainger , John Ortiz , and Eric Bana , and chronicles the historic 1952 United States Coast Guard rescue of the crew of the SS Pendleton , after the ship split apart during a nor'easter off the New England coast . The Finest Hours was released in the Disney Digital 3-D , RealD 3D , and IMAX 3D formats on January 29 , 2016 . The film received generally mixed to positive reviews but was a major box office failure , grossing only $ 52.1 million on an $ 80 million budget .", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "Wonder_Man_(DC_Comics)", "score": 0.5906054377555847, "text": "Wonder Man is the name of three fictional comic book characters in the DC Comics universe . The first is a superhero and his only appearance was in Superman # 163 ( August 1963 ) . The second is Hercules , who uses the name when he replaces Wonder Woman as the representative of the Olympian Gods in Wonder Woman v3 , # 3 . The third is Dane of Elysium , who is a male version of Diana Prince that exists on Earth-11 , where the genders of the superheroes are reversed .", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "Phillip_Pine", "score": 0.5902222394943237, "text": "Phillip Pine ( July 16 , 1920 , Hanford , California -- December 22 , 2006 ) was an American film and television actor , writer , director , and producer . Despite incorrect biographical information repeated on many entertainment sites , Phillip Pine was not related to Robert Pine or Chris Pine . He was a regular presence in television and movies from the 1950s to the 1980s . He played both hero , villain , and sympathetic supporting characters throughout his career . In a career that spanned seven decades , Pine in 1955 portrayed the outlaw John Wesley Hardin in the ninth episode `` John Wesley Hardin '' of the ABC/Desilu western television series , The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , starring Hugh O'Brian in the title role . In a later episode of the same series in 1957 , Pine again played Hardin , along with Mike Ragan as Clay Allison , Denver Pyle as Ben Thompson , and Mason Alan Dinehart as Bat Masterson , all of whom come to Earp 's aid in a shootout with the owner and foreman of the Big T Ranch , Rance Purcell ( Richard Devon ) and Gus Andrews ( Grant Withers ) . Pine appeared in two episodes of Wagon Train titled `` The Ben Courtney Story '' and `` The Esteban Zamora Story '' in 1959 . Pine was in the second episode of The Outer Limits entitled `` The Hundred Days of the Dragon '' . He also appeared in two episodes of The Twilight Zone , `` The Four of Us Are Dying '' , and `` The Incredible World of Horace Ford '' . Pine appeared as mobster Jack Zuta in the third episode of The Untouchables titled `` The Jake Lingle Killing '' and in 1962 he co-starred in the episode `` The Whitey Steele Story '' . He also appeared in The Fugitive . He made a 1964 appearance as Phillip Stewart in the Perry Mason episode , `` The Case of the Wednesday Woman . '' He also played a World War II submarine captain marooned inside an underwater cave with four other survivors in the Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea episode `` And Five of Us are Left . '' In 1966 , Pine played Kit Carson in the episode `` Samaritans , Mountain Style '' of the syndicated series , Death Valley Days , hosted by Robert Taylor . In the storyline , Carson and Frenchy Gody ( Michael Pate ) , a part of the John C. Fremont ( Dick Simmons ) expedition , stop to help a settler in dire straits . In 1967 , Pine appeared in an episode of The Invaders entitled `` Genesis '' . Pine also appeared in an episode of Rawhide entitled `` Incident at Dangerfield Dip '' . He also played a gangster known only as `` Mark '' in Irving Lerner 's film noir classic , Murder by Contract . He appeared in an episode of Kojak ( Season 5 ) called `` Cry for the Children '' as `` Eddie Creagan '' , in an episode of Ironside ( Season 3 ) called `` Alias Mrs Braithwaite ? '' and in Hawaii Five-O ( Season 1 ) called `` Full Fathom 5 '' . Notably , he played a Japanese man in a later Hawaii Five-O episode called `` Which Way Did They Go ? '' In 1969 , Pine appeared in the Star Trek episode of Season Three , `` The Savage Curtain '' as the genocidal Earth warlord , Colonel Green . He sometimes appeared credited as Phillip E. Pine .", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "DC_Extended_Universe", "score": 0.5895280241966248, "text": "The DC Extended Universe ( DCEU ) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films , distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures , based on characters that appear in publications by DC Comics . The shared universe , much like the original DC Universe in comic books , was established by crossing over common plot elements , settings , cast and characters . The films have been in production since 2011 and in that time Warner Bros. has distributed three films with more than ten in various stages of production . The series has grossed over $ 2.2 billion at the global box office , currently making it the twenty-second highest-grossing film franchise . The films are written and directed by a variety of individuals and feature large , often ensemble , casts . Several actors , including Henry Cavill , Ben Affleck , Gal Gadot , Ezra Miller , Jason Momoa and Ray Fisher , are set to appear in numerous films . In May 2016 , DC Comics ' chief creative officer Geoff Johns and Warner Bros. executive vice president Jon Berg were appointed to co-run the DC Films division and oversee creative decisions , production and story-arcs in order to create a cohesive overarching plot within the films . The first film released in the DCEU was Man of Steel ( 2013 ) , a reboot of the Superman film series , which was followed by the sequel Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice ( 2016 ) , as well as Suicide Squad ( 2016 ) and Wonder Woman ( 2017 ) . Future films include Justice League ( 2017 ) , Aquaman ( 2018 ) , Shazam ( 2019 ) , Cyborg ( 2020 ) and Green Lantern Corps ( 2020 ) . Other projects are also in development , including sequels to Suicide Squad and Justice League , Justice League Dark , Gotham City Sirens , a second Superman solo film and solo films for Batman , Batgirl , Black Adam , The Flash and Nightwing .", "topk_rank": 19 } ]