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+{"id":48,"text":"#Complications - ACL injury - ND56.Z\nPeople who experience an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have a higher risk of developing osteoarthritis in the knee. Arthritis may occur even if you have surgery to reconstruct the ligament. Multiple factors likely influence the risk of arthritis, such as the severity of the original injury, the presence of related injuries in the knee joint or the level of activity after treatment. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1161,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":27},{"id":1162,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":62,"end_offset":101},{"id":1163,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":135,"end_offset":149},{"id":1164,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":157,"end_offset":161},{"id":1165,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":163,"end_offset":172},{"id":1166,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":200,"end_offset":207},{"id":1167,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":227,"end_offset":235},{"id":1168,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":283,"end_offset":292},{"id":1169,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":306,"end_offset":337},{"id":1170,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":339,"end_offset":430}],"relations":[{"id":463,"from_id":1162,"to_id":1163,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":464,"from_id":1162,"to_id":1164,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":465,"from_id":1166,"to_id":1165,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":466,"from_id":1166,"to_id":1167,"type":"surgery_on_R"},{"id":467,"from_id":1161,"to_id":1169,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":468,"from_id":1161,"to_id":1170,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":49,"text":"#Causes - ACL injury - ND56.Z\nLigaments are strong bands of tissue that connect one bone to another. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), one of two ligaments that cross in the middle of the knee, connects your thighbone to your shinbone and helps stabilize your knee joint. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often happen during sports and fitness activities that can put stress on the knee: Suddenly slowing down and changing direction (cutting), Pivoting with your foot firmly planted, Landing awkwardly from a jump, Stopping suddenly, Receiving a direct blow to the knee or having a collision, such as a football tackle. When the ligament is damaged, there is usually a partial or complete tear of the tissue. A mild injury may stretch the ligament but leave it intact. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1171,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":20},{"id":1172,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":30,"end_offset":39},{"id":1173,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":51,"end_offset":66},{"id":1174,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":84,"end_offset":88},{"id":1175,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":101,"end_offset":137},{"id":1176,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":150,"end_offset":159},{"id":1177,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":188,"end_offset":196},{"id":1178,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":212,"end_offset":221},{"id":1179,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":230,"end_offset":238},{"id":1180,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":264,"end_offset":274},{"id":1181,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":276,"end_offset":317},{"id":1182,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":331,"end_offset":399},{"id":1183,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":401,"end_offset":455},{"id":1184,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":457,"end_offset":495},{"id":1185,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":497,"end_offset":526},{"id":1186,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":528,"end_offset":545},{"id":1187,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":547,"end_offset":631},{"id":1188,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":638,"end_offset":661},{"id":1189,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":702,"end_offset":720},{"id":1190,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":722,"end_offset":735},{"id":1191,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":748,"end_offset":760}],"relations":[{"id":469,"from_id":1190,"to_id":1191,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":470,"from_id":1181,"to_id":1182,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":471,"from_id":1181,"to_id":1183,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":472,"from_id":1181,"to_id":1184,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":473,"from_id":1181,"to_id":1185,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":474,"from_id":1181,"to_id":1186,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":475,"from_id":1181,"to_id":1187,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":476,"from_id":1171,"to_id":1188,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":477,"from_id":1171,"to_id":1189,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":50,"text":"#Overview - ACL injury - ND56.Z\nAn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a tear or sprain of the anterior cruciate (KROO-she-ate) ligament (ACL) — one of the strong bands of tissue that help connect your thigh bone (femur) to your shinbone (tibia). anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries most commonly occur during sports that involve sudden stops or changes in direction, jumping and landing — such as soccer, basketball, football and downhill skiing. Many people hear a pop or feel a \"popping\" sensation in the knee when an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury occurs. Your knee may swell, feel unstable and become too painful to bear weight. Depending on the severity of your anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, treatment may include rest and rehabilitation exercises to help you regain strength and stability, or surgery to replace the torn ligament followed by rehabilitation. A proper training program may help reduce the risk of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1192,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":22},{"id":1193,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":32,"end_offset":74},{"id":1194,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":102,"end_offset":149},{"id":1195,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":209,"end_offset":227},{"id":1196,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":236,"end_offset":252},{"id":1197,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":254,"end_offset":295},{"id":1198,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":316,"end_offset":379},{"id":1199,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":381,"end_offset":459},{"id":1200,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":473,"end_offset":525},{"id":1201,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":534,"end_offset":573},{"id":1202,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":587,"end_offset":654},{"id":1203,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":690,"end_offset":729},{"id":1204,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":753,"end_offset":786},{"id":1205,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":833,"end_offset":840},{"id":1206,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":856,"end_offset":869},{"id":1207,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":882,"end_offset":896},{"id":1208,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":955,"end_offset":994}],"relations":[{"id":478,"from_id":1193,"to_id":1194,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":479,"from_id":1193,"to_id":1195,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":480,"from_id":1193,"to_id":1196,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":481,"from_id":1204,"to_id":1203,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":482,"from_id":1205,"to_id":1203,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":483,"from_id":1203,"to_id":1206,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":484,"from_id":1207,"to_id":1203,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":485,"from_id":1192,"to_id":1198,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":486,"from_id":1192,"to_id":1199,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":487,"from_id":1192,"to_id":1200,"type":"has_symptom_R"}]}
+{"id":51,"text":"#Diagnosis - ACL injury - ND56.Z\nDuring the physical exam, your doctor will check your knee for swelling and tenderness — comparing your injured knee to your uninjured knee. He or she may also move your knee into a variety of positions to assess range of motion and overall function of the joint. Often the diagnosis can be made on the basis of the physical exam alone, but you may need tests to rule out other causes and to determine the severity of the injury. These tests may include: X-rays. X-rays may be needed to rule out a bone fracture. However, X-rays don't show soft tissues, such as ligaments and tendons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create images of both hard and soft tissues in your body. An magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can show the extent of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and signs of damage to other tissues in the knee, including the cartilage. Ultrasound. Using sound waves to visualize internal structures, ultrasound may be used to check for injuries in the ligaments, tendons and muscles of the knee. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1209,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":23},{"id":1210,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":44,"end_offset":57},{"id":1211,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":64,"end_offset":119},{"id":1212,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":137,"end_offset":149},{"id":1213,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":168,"end_offset":172},{"id":1214,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":193,"end_offset":295},{"id":1215,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":303,"end_offset":316},{"id":1216,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":349,"end_offset":362},{"id":1217,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":387,"end_offset":392},{"id":1218,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":455,"end_offset":461},{"id":1219,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":488,"end_offset":494},{"id":1220,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":496,"end_offset":502},{"id":1221,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":531,"end_offset":544},{"id":1222,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":555,"end_offset":561},{"id":1223,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":573,"end_offset":616},{"id":1224,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":618,"end_offset":650},{"id":1225,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":655,"end_offset":687},{"id":1226,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":758,"end_offset":792},{"id":1227,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":797,"end_offset":829},{"id":1228,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":856,"end_offset":895},{"id":1229,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":909,"end_offset":969},{"id":1230,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":971,"end_offset":981},{"id":1231,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1071,"end_offset":1079},{"id":1232,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1087,"end_offset":1129}],"relations":[{"id":488,"from_id":1209,"to_id":1210,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":489,"from_id":1209,"to_id":1211,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":490,"from_id":1210,"to_id":1213,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":491,"from_id":1211,"to_id":1213,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":492,"from_id":1209,"to_id":1212,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":493,"from_id":1209,"to_id":1219,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":494,"from_id":1209,"to_id":1224,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":495,"from_id":1209,"to_id":1230,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":496,"from_id":1225,"to_id":1226,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":497,"from_id":1228,"to_id":1227,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":498,"from_id":1228,"to_id":1229,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":499,"from_id":1230,"to_id":1232,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":500,"from_id":1231,"to_id":1232,"type":"influence_R"}]}
+{"id":52,"text":"#Prevention - ACL injury - ND56.Z\nProper training and exercise can help reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. A sports medicine physician, physical therapist, athletic trainer or other specialist in sports medicine can provide assessment, instruction and feedback that can help you reduce risks. Programs to reduce anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury include: Exercises to strengthen the core — including the hips, pelvis and lower abdomen — with a goal of training athletes to avoid moving the knee inward during a squat, Exercises that strengthen leg muscles, particularly hamstring exercises, to ensure an overall balance in leg muscle strength, Training and exercise emphasizing proper technique and knee position when jumping and landing from jumps, Training to improve technique when performing pivoting and cutting movements. Training to strengthen muscles of the legs, hips and core — as well as training to improve jumping and landing techniques and to prevent inward movement of the knee — may help to reduce the higher anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk in female athletes. Gear. Wear footwear and padding that is appropriate for your sport to help prevent injury. If you downhill ski, make sure your ski bindings are adjusted correctly by a trained professional so that your skis will release appropriately if you fall. Wearing a knee brace doesn't appear to prevent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury or reduce the risk of recurring injury after surgery. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1233,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":24},{"id":1234,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":34,"end_offset":62},{"id":1235,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":130},{"id":1236,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":249,"end_offset":285},{"id":1237,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":318,"end_offset":326},{"id":1238,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":337,"end_offset":376},{"id":1239,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":386,"end_offset":465},{"id":1240,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":549,"end_offset":586},{"id":1241,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":601,"end_offset":621},{"id":1242,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":625,"end_offset":673},{"id":1243,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":675,"end_offset":779},{"id":1244,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":781,"end_offset":857},{"id":1245,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":859,"end_offset":916},{"id":1246,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":930,"end_offset":980},{"id":1247,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":988,"end_offset":1023},{"id":1248,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1056,"end_offset":1095},{"id":1249,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1121,"end_offset":1125},{"id":1250,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1127,"end_offset":1187},{"id":1251,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1204,"end_offset":1210},{"id":1252,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1415,"end_offset":1454},{"id":1253,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1477,"end_offset":1493},{"id":1254,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":1500,"end_offset":1507}],"relations":[{"id":501,"from_id":1235,"to_id":1234,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":502,"from_id":1238,"to_id":1239,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":503,"from_id":1238,"to_id":1240,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":504,"from_id":1238,"to_id":1241,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":505,"from_id":1238,"to_id":1242,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":506,"from_id":1238,"to_id":1243,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":507,"from_id":1238,"to_id":1244,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":508,"from_id":1248,"to_id":1245,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":509,"from_id":1248,"to_id":1246,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":510,"from_id":1248,"to_id":1247,"type":"has_precaution_R"}]}
+{"id":53,"text":"#Risk factors - ACL injury - ND56.Z\nThere are a number of factors that increase your risk of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, including: Being female — possibly due to differences in anatomy, muscle strength and hormonal influences, Participating in certain sports, such as soccer, football, basketball, gymnastics and downhill skiing, Poor conditioning, Using faulty movement patterns, such as moving the knees inward during a squat, Wearing footwear that doesn't fit properly, Using poorly maintained sports equipment, such as ski bindings that aren't adjusted properly, Playing on artificial turf. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1255,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":26},{"id":1256,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":96,"end_offset":135},{"id":1257,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":148,"end_offset":160},{"id":1258,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":163,"end_offset":201},{"id":1259,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":203,"end_offset":242},{"id":1260,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":244,"end_offset":345},{"id":1261,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":347,"end_offset":364},{"id":1262,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":366,"end_offset":444},{"id":1263,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":446,"end_offset":488},{"id":1264,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":490,"end_offset":582},{"id":1265,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":584,"end_offset":610}],"relations":[{"id":511,"from_id":1256,"to_id":1257,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":512,"from_id":1256,"to_id":1258,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":513,"from_id":1256,"to_id":1260,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":514,"from_id":1256,"to_id":1261,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":515,"from_id":1256,"to_id":1263,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":516,"from_id":1256,"to_id":1264,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":517,"from_id":1256,"to_id":1265,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":54,"text":"#Symptoms - ACL injury - ND56.Z\nSigns and symptoms of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury usually include: A loud pop or a \"popping\" sensation in the knee, Severe pain and inability to continue activity, Rapid swelling, Loss of range of motion, A feeling of instability or \"giving way\" with weight bearing. When to see a doctor. Seek immediate care if any injury to your knee causes signs or symptoms of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The knee joint is a complex structure of bones, ligaments, tendons and other tissues that work together. It's important to get a prompt and accurate diagnosis to determine the severity of the injury and get proper treatment. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1266,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":22},{"id":1267,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":57,"end_offset":96},{"id":1268,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":114,"end_offset":161},{"id":1269,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":163,"end_offset":209},{"id":1270,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":225},{"id":1271,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":227,"end_offset":250},{"id":1272,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":252,"end_offset":312},{"id":1273,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":363,"end_offset":369},{"id":1274,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":378,"end_offset":382},{"id":1275,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":411,"end_offset":453},{"id":1276,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":455,"end_offset":469},{"id":1277,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":475,"end_offset":538},{"id":1278,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":604,"end_offset":613},{"id":1279,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":643,"end_offset":653}],"relations":[{"id":518,"from_id":1279,"to_id":1278,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":519,"from_id":1267,"to_id":1268,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":520,"from_id":1267,"to_id":1269,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":521,"from_id":1267,"to_id":1270,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":522,"from_id":1267,"to_id":1271,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":523,"from_id":1267,"to_id":1272,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":524,"from_id":1275,"to_id":1273,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":525,"from_id":1273,"to_id":1274,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":526,"from_id":1266,"to_id":1277,"type":"affects_R"}]}
+{"id":55,"text":"#Treatment - ACL injury - ND56.Z\nPrompt first-aid care can reduce pain and swelling immediately after an injury to your knee. Follow the rest, ice, compression, elevation (R.I.C.E.) model of self-care at home: Rest. General rest is necessary for healing and limits weight bearing on your knee. Ice. When you're awake, try to ice your knee at least every two hours for 20 minutes at a time. Compression. Wrap an elastic bandage or compression wrap around your knee. Elevation. Lie down with your knee propped up on pillows. Rehabilitation. Medical treatment for an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury begins with several weeks of rehabilitative therapy. A physical therapist will teach you exercises that you will perform either with continued supervision or at home. You may also wear a brace to stabilize your knee and use crutches for a while to avoid putting weight on your knee. The goal of rehabilitation is to reduce pain and swelling, restore your knee's full range of motion, and strengthen muscles. This course of physical therapy may successfully treat an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury for individuals who are relatively inactive, engage in moderate exercise and recreational activities, or play sports that put less stress on the knees. Surgery. Your doctor may recommend surgery if: You're an athlete and want to continue in your sport, especially if the sport involves jumping, cutting or pivoting, More than one ligament or the fibrous cartilage in your knee also is injured, The injury is causing your knee to buckle during everyday activities. During anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the surgeon removes the damaged ligament and replaces it with a segment of tendon — tissue similar to a ligament that connects muscle to bone. This replacement tissue is called a graft. Your surgeon will use a piece of tendon from another part of your knee or a tendon from a deceased donor. After surgery you'll resume another course of rehabilitative therapy. Successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction paired with rigorous rehabilitation can usually restore stability and function to your knee. There's no set time frame for athletes to return to play. Recent research indicates that up to one-third of athletes sustain another tear in the same or opposite knee within two years. A longer recovery period may reduce the risk of re-injury. In general, it takes as long as a year or more before athletes can safely return to play. Doctors and physical therapists will perform tests to gauge your knee's stability, strength, function and readiness to return to sports activities at various intervals during your rehabilitation. It's important to ensure that strength, stability and movement patterns are optimized before you return to an activity with a risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. 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+{"id":1,"text":"#Causes - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - BD50.4Z\nAneurysms can develop anywhere along the aorta, but most aortic aneurysms occur in the part of the aorta that's in the belly area (abdomen). Several things can play a role in the development of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, including: Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Atherosclerosis occurs when fat and other substances build up on the lining of a blood vessel. High blood pressure. High blood pressure can damage and weaken the aorta's walls. Blood vessel diseases. These are diseases that cause blood vessels to become inflamed. Infection in the aorta. Rarely, a bacterial or fungal infection might cause an abdominal aortic aneurysms. Trauma. For example, being injured in a car accident can cause an abdominal aortic aneurysms. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":46,"end_offset":56},{"id":2,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":87,"end_offset":92},{"id":3,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":103,"end_offset":119},{"id":4,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":133,"end_offset":150},{"id":5,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":165,"end_offset":185},{"id":6,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":243,"end_offset":268},{"id":7,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":280,"end_offset":324},{"id":8,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":326,"end_offset":342},{"id":9,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":407,"end_offset":419},{"id":10,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":421,"end_offset":440},{"id":11,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":442,"end_offset":461},{"id":12,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":488,"end_offset":501},{"id":13,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":503,"end_offset":524},{"id":14,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":526,"end_offset":544},{"id":15,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":555,"end_offset":588},{"id":16,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":590,"end_offset":612},{"id":17,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":621,"end_offset":653},{"id":18,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":666,"end_offset":695},{"id":19,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":697,"end_offset":703},{"id":20,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":718,"end_offset":749},{"id":21,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":763,"end_offset":789},{"id":2203,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":35}],"relations":[{"id":1,"from_id":1,"to_id":2,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":2,"from_id":3,"to_id":4,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":3,"from_id":3,"to_id":5,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":4,"from_id":6,"to_id":7,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":5,"from_id":8,"to_id":9,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":6,"from_id":11,"to_id":12,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":7,"from_id":14,"to_id":15,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":8,"from_id":18,"to_id":17,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":9,"from_id":21,"to_id":20,"type":"caused_by_R"}]}
+{"id":2,"text":"#Complications - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - BD50.4Z\nTears in one or more of the layers of the wall of the aorta (aortic dissection) or a ruptured aneurysm are the main complications. A rupture can cause life-threatening internal bleeding. In general, the larger the aneurysm and the faster it grows, the greater the risk of rupture. Signs and symptoms that an aortic aneurysm has ruptured can include: Sudden, intense and persistent abdominal or back pain, which can be described as a tearing sensation, Low blood pressure, Fast pulse. Aortic aneurysms also increase the risk of developing blood clots in the area. If a blood clot breaks loose from the inside wall of an aneurysm and blocks a blood vessel elsewhere in your body, it can cause pain or block blood flow to the legs, toes, kidneys or abdominal organs. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":22,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":112},{"id":23,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":138,"end_offset":155},{"id":24,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":184,"end_offset":193},{"id":25,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":204,"end_offset":238},{"id":26,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":252,"end_offset":299},{"id":27,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":325,"end_offset":332},{"id":28,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":376},{"id":29,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":403,"end_offset":503},{"id":30,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":505,"end_offset":523},{"id":31,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":525,"end_offset":535},{"id":32,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":537,"end_offset":553},{"id":33,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":580,"end_offset":602},{"id":34,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":616,"end_offset":729},{"id":35,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":744,"end_offset":815},{"id":2204,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":42}],"relations":[{"id":10,"from_id":23,"to_id":22,"type":"influence_R"}]}
+{"id":3,"text":"#Diagnosis - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - BD50.4Z\nAbdominal aortic aneurysms are often found when a physical exam is done for another reason or during routine medical tests, such as an ultrasound of the heart or abdomen. To diagnose an abdominal aortic aneurysm, a doctor will examine you and review your medical and family history. If your doctor thinks that you may have an aortic aneurysm, imaging tests are done to confirm the diagnosis. Tests to diagnose an abdominal aortic aneurysm include: Abdominal ultrasound. This is the most common test to diagnose abdominal aortic aneurysms. An abdominal ultrasound is a painless test that uses sound waves to show how blood flows through the structures in the belly area, including the aorta. During an abdominal ultrasound, a technician gently presses an ultrasound wand (transducer) against the belly area, moving it back and forth. The device sends signals to a computer, which creates images. Abdominal Computerized tomography (CT) scan. This painless test uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the structures inside the belly area. It's used to create clear images of the aorta. An abdominal Computerized tomography (CT) scan can also detect the size and shape of an aneurysm. During a Computerized tomography (CT) scan, you lie on a table that slides into a doughnut-shaped machine. Sometimes, dye (contrast material) is given through a vein to make your blood vessels show up more clearly on the images.  Abdominal Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This imaging test uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the structures inside your belly area. Sometimes, dye (contrast material) is given through a vein to make your blood vessels more visible. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Being male and smoking significantly increase the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Screening recommendations vary, but in general: Men ages 65 to 75 who have ever smoked cigarettes should have a one-time screening using abdominal ultrasound. For men ages 65 to 75 who have never smoked, a doctor will decide on the need for an abdominal ultrasound based on other risk factors, such as a family history of aneurysm. There isn't enough evidence to determine whether women ages 65 to 75 who ever smoked cigarettes or have a family history of abdominal aortic aneurysm would benefit from abdominal aortic aneurysm screening. Ask your doctor if you need to have an ultrasound screening based on your risk factors. Women who have never smoked generally don't need to be screened for the condition. 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+{"id":4,"text":"#Overview - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - BD50.4Z\nAn abdominal aortic aneurysm is an enlarged area in the lower part of the major vessel that supplies blood to the body (aorta). The aorta runs from the heart through the center of the chest and abdomen. The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body, so a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm can cause life-threatening bleeding. Depending on the size of the aneurysm and how fast it's growing, treatment varies from watchful waiting to emergency surgery. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":78,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":76},{"id":79,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":104,"end_offset":134},{"id":80,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":162,"end_offset":167},{"id":81,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":176,"end_offset":185},{"id":82,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":200,"end_offset":206},{"id":83,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":232,"end_offset":249},{"id":84,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":251,"end_offset":300},{"id":85,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":307,"end_offset":341},{"id":86,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":351,"end_offset":377},{"id":87,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":408,"end_offset":417},{"id":88,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":496,"end_offset":503},{"id":2206,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":37}],"relations":[{"id":27,"from_id":78,"to_id":79,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":28,"from_id":78,"to_id":80,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":29,"from_id":85,"to_id":84,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":30,"from_id":85,"to_id":86,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":31,"from_id":86,"to_id":84,"type":"influence_R"}]}
+{"id":5,"text":"#Risk factors - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - BD50.4Z\nAbdominal aortic aneurysm risk factors include: Tobacco use. Smoking is the strongest risk factor for aortic aneurysms. Smoking can weaken the walls of the aorta, increasing the risk of aortic aneurysm and aneurysm rupture. The longer and more you smoke or chew tobacco, the greater the chances of developing an aortic aneurysm. Doctors recommend a one-time abdominal ultrasound to screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm in men ages 65 to 75 who are current or former cigarette smokers. Age. Abdominal aortic aneurysms occur most often in people age 65 and older. Being male. Men develop abdominal aortic aneurysms much more often than women do. Being white. People who are white are at higher risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Family history. Having a family history of abdominal aortic aneurysms increases the risk of having the condition. Other aneurysms. Having an aneurysm in another large blood vessel, such as the artery behind the knee or the aorta in the chest (thoracic aortic aneurysm), might increase the risk of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. If you're at risk of an aortic aneurysm, your doctor might recommend other measures, such as medications to lower your blood pressure and relieve stress on weakened arteries. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":89,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":52,"end_offset":77},{"id":90,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":100,"end_offset":111},{"id":91,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":113,"end_offset":120},{"id":92,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":154,"end_offset":170},{"id":93,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":172,"end_offset":213},{"id":94,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":237,"end_offset":253},{"id":95,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":258,"end_offset":274},{"id":96,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":276,"end_offset":321},{"id":97,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":364,"end_offset":379},{"id":98,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":401,"end_offset":430},{"id":99,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":448,"end_offset":473},{"id":100,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":477,"end_offset":538},{"id":101,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":545,"end_offset":571},{"id":102,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":592,"end_offset":605},{"id":103,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":641,"end_offset":667},{"id":104,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":699,"end_offset":710},{"id":105,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":712,"end_offset":732},{"id":106,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":755,"end_offset":781},{"id":107,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":783,"end_offset":797},{"id":108,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":806,"end_offset":852},{"id":109,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":882,"end_offset":895},{"id":110,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":914,"end_offset":1024},{"id":111,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1083,"end_offset":1108},{"id":112,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1131,"end_offset":1149},{"id":113,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1203,"end_offset":1214},{"id":114,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1229,"end_offset":1243},{"id":115,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1256,"end_offset":1283},{"id":2207,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":41}],"relations":[{"id":32,"from_id":89,"to_id":90,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":33,"from_id":99,"to_id":98,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":34,"from_id":99,"to_id":100,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":35,"from_id":101,"to_id":102,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":36,"from_id":103,"to_id":104,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":37,"from_id":106,"to_id":105,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":38,"from_id":109,"to_id":108,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":39,"from_id":111,"to_id":110,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":6,"text":"#Prevention - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - BD50.4Z\nTo prevent an aortic aneurysm or keep an aortic aneurysm from worsening, do the following: Don't smoke or use tobacco products. Quit smoking or chewing tobacco and avoid secondhand smoke. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about medications and therapies that may help. Eat a healthy diet. Focus on eating a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, poultry, fish, and low-fat dairy products. Avoid saturated and trans fats and limit salt. Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol under control. If your doctor has prescribed medications, take them as instructed. Get regular exercise. Try to get at least 150 minutes a week of moderate aerobic activity. If you haven't been active, start slowly and build up. Talk to your doctor about what kinds of activities are right for you. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":116,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":61,"end_offset":79},{"id":117,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":141,"end_offset":176},{"id":118,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":178,"end_offset":236},{"id":119,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":291,"end_offset":302},{"id":120,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":332,"end_offset":350},{"id":121,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":352,"end_offset":402},{"id":122,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":404,"end_offset":459},{"id":123,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":461,"end_offset":506},{"id":124,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":508,"end_offset":562},{"id":125,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":594,"end_offset":605},{"id":126,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":632,"end_offset":652},{"id":127,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":661,"end_offset":721},{"id":2208,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":39}],"relations":[]}
+{"id":7,"text":"#Treatment - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - BD50.4Z\nThe goal of abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment is to prevent an aneurysm from rupturing. Treatment may involve careful monitoring or surgery. Which treatment you have depends on the size of the aortic aneurysm and how fast it's growing. Medical monitoring. A doctor might recommend this option, also called watchful waiting, if the abdominal aortic aneurysm is small and isn't causing symptoms. Monitoring requires regular doctor's checkups and imaging tests to determine if the aneurysm is growing and to manage other conditions, such as high blood pressure, that could worsen the aneurysm. Typically, a person who has a small, symptomless abdominal aortic aneurysm needs an abdominal ultrasound at least six months after diagnosis and at regular follow-up appointments. Surgery and other procedures. Surgery to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm is generally recommended if the aneurysm is 1.9 to 2.2 inches (4.8 to 5.6 centimeters) or larger, or if it's growing quickly. Also, a doctor might recommend abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery if you have symptoms such as stomach pain or you have a leaking, tender or painful aneurysm. The type of surgery performed depends on the size and location of the aneurysm, your age, and your overall health. Abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery options may include: Endovascular repair. This procedure is used most often to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm. A surgeon inserts a thin, flexible tube (catheter) through an artery in the leg and gently guides it to the aorta. A metal mesh tube (graft) on the end of the catheter is placed at the site of the aneurysm, expanded and fastened in place. The graft strengthens the weakened section of the aorta to prevent rupture of the aneurysm. Endovascular surgery isn't an option for everyone with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. You and your doctor will discuss the best repair option for you. After endovascular surgery, you'll need regular imaging tests to ensure that the grafted area isn't leaking.  Open abdominal surgery. This involves removing the damaged part of the aorta and replacing it with a graft, which is sewn into place. Full recovery may take a month or more. Long-term survival rates are similar for both endovascular surgery and open surgery. Lifestyle and home remedies. For an abdominal aortic aneurysm, a doctor will likely suggest avoiding heavy lifting and vigorous physical activity to prevent extreme increases in blood pressure, which can put more pressure on an aneurysm. Emotional stress can raise blood pressure, so try to avoid conflict and stressful situations. If you're feeling stressed or anxious, let your doctor know so that together you can come up with the best treatment plan. 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+{"id":8,"text":"#Symptoms - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - BD50.4Z\nAbdominal aortic aneurysms often grow slowly without noticeable symptoms, making them difficult to detect. Some aneurysms never rupture. Many start small and stay small. Others grow larger over time, sometimes quickly. If you have an enlarging abdominal aortic aneurysm, you might notice: Deep, constant pain in the belly area or side of the belly (abdomen), Back pain, A pulse near the bellybutton. When to see a doctor. If you have pain, especially if pain is sudden and severe, seek immediate medical help. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":173,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":74},{"id":174,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":160,"end_offset":169},{"id":175,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":176,"end_offset":183},{"id":176,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":282,"end_offset":317},{"id":177,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":337,"end_offset":405},{"id":178,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":407,"end_offset":416},{"id":179,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":418,"end_offset":446},{"id":180,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":482,"end_offset":486},{"id":181,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":502,"end_offset":526},{"id":2210,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":37}],"relations":[{"id":56,"from_id":176,"to_id":181,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":57,"from_id":176,"to_id":180,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":58,"from_id":176,"to_id":179,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":59,"from_id":176,"to_id":177,"type":"has_symptom_R"}]}

Annotated_Text/test/Absence_seizure-8A68.1.jsonl

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+{"id":9,"text":"#Diagnosis - Absence seizure - 8A68.1\nYour doctor will ask for a detailed description of the seizures and conduct a physical exam. Tests may include: Electroencephalography (EEG). This painless procedure measures waves of electrical activity in the brain. Brain waves are transmitted to the EEG machine via small electrodes attached to the scalp with paste or an elastic cap. Rapid breathing (hyperventilation) during an EEG study can trigger an absence seizure. During a seizure, the pattern on the EEG differs from the normal pattern.  Brain scans. In absence seizures, brain-imaging studies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), will be normal. But tests such as MRI can produce detailed images of the brain, which can help rule out other problems, such as a stroke or a brain tumor. Because your child will need to hold still for long periods, talk with your doctor about the possible use of sedation. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":182,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":93,"end_offset":102},{"id":183,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":116,"end_offset":129},{"id":184,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":137},{"id":185,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":150,"end_offset":177},{"id":186,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":180,"end_offset":203},{"id":187,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":249,"end_offset":254},{"id":188,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":256,"end_offset":262},{"id":189,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":291,"end_offset":295},{"id":190,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":340,"end_offset":346},{"id":191,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":376,"end_offset":430},{"id":192,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":446,"end_offset":461},{"id":193,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":472,"end_offset":479},{"id":194,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":500,"end_offset":504},{"id":195,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":538,"end_offset":549},{"id":196,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":554,"end_offset":570},{"id":197,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":572,"end_offset":593},{"id":198,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":603,"end_offset":635},{"id":199,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":657,"end_offset":663},{"id":200,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":671,"end_offset":675},{"id":201,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":710,"end_offset":715},{"id":202,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":767,"end_offset":774},{"id":203,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":779,"end_offset":790},{"id":204,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":901,"end_offset":909},{"id":2211,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":28}],"relations":[{"id":60,"from_id":189,"to_id":188,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":61,"from_id":189,"to_id":190,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":62,"from_id":193,"to_id":194,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":63,"from_id":200,"to_id":201,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":64,"from_id":182,"to_id":183,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":65,"from_id":192,"to_id":191,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":66,"from_id":196,"to_id":197,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":67,"from_id":196,"to_id":198,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":68,"from_id":186,"to_id":187,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":69,"from_id":199,"to_id":201,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"}]}
+{"id":10,"text":"#Overview - Absence seizure - 8A68.1\nAbsence seizures involve brief, sudden lapses of consciousness. They're more common in children than in adults. Someone having an absence seizure may look like he or she is staring blankly into space for a few seconds. Then, there is a quick return to a normal level of alertness. This type of seizure usually doesn't lead to physical injury. Absence seizures usually can be controlled with anti-seizure medications. Some children who have them also develop other seizures. Many children outgrow absence seizures in their teens. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":205,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":37,"end_offset":53},{"id":206,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":62,"end_offset":99},{"id":207,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":167,"end_offset":182},{"id":208,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":210,"end_offset":254},{"id":209,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":331,"end_offset":339},{"id":210,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":363,"end_offset":378},{"id":211,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":380,"end_offset":396},{"id":212,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":428,"end_offset":452},{"id":213,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":495,"end_offset":509},{"id":214,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":533,"end_offset":549},{"id":2212,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":27}],"relations":[{"id":70,"from_id":207,"to_id":208,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":71,"from_id":212,"to_id":211,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":72,"from_id":205,"to_id":206,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":11,"text":"#Risk factors - Absence seizure - 8A68.1\nCertain factors are common to children who have absence seizures, including: Age. Absence seizures are more common in children between the ages of 4 and 14. Sex. Absence seizures are more common in girls. Family members who have seizures. Nearly half of children with absence seizures have a close relative who has seizures. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":215,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":89,"end_offset":105},{"id":216,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":118,"end_offset":121},{"id":217,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":123,"end_offset":139},{"id":218,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":168,"end_offset":196},{"id":219,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":198,"end_offset":201},{"id":220,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":203,"end_offset":219},{"id":221,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":246,"end_offset":278},{"id":222,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":309,"end_offset":325},{"id":223,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":356,"end_offset":364},{"id":2213,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":31}],"relations":[{"id":73,"from_id":217,"to_id":218,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":74,"from_id":215,"to_id":216,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":12,"text":"#Symptoms - Absence seizure - 8A68.1\nAn indication of simple absence seizure is a vacant stare, which may be mistaken for a lapse in attention that lasts about 10 seconds, though it may last as long as 20 seconds, without any confusion, headache or drowsiness afterward. Signs and symptoms of absence seizures include: Sudden stop in motion without falling, Lip smacking, Eyelid flutters, Chewing motions, Finger rubbing, Small movements of both hands. Afterward, there's no memory of the incident. Some people have many episodes daily, which interfere with school or daily activities. A child may have absence seizures for some time before an adult notices the seizures, because they're so brief. A decline in a child's learning ability may be the first sign of this disorder. Teachers may comment about a child's inability to pay attention or that a child is often daydreaming. When to see a doctor. Contact your doctor: The first time you notice a seizure, If this is a new type of seizure, If the seizures continue to occur despite taking anti-seizure medication. Contact 911 or emergency services in your area: If you observe prolonged automatic behaviors lasting minutes to hours — activities such as eating or moving without awareness — or prolonged confusion, possible symptoms of a condition called absence status epilepticus, After any seizure lasting more than five minutes. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":224,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":60,"end_offset":76},{"id":225,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":82,"end_offset":94},{"id":226,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":293,"end_offset":309},{"id":227,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":319,"end_offset":370},{"id":228,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":372,"end_offset":387},{"id":229,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":389,"end_offset":404},{"id":230,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":406,"end_offset":420},{"id":231,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":422,"end_offset":451},{"id":232,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":603,"end_offset":619},{"id":233,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":662,"end_offset":670},{"id":234,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":698,"end_offset":737},{"id":235,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":807,"end_offset":824},{"id":236,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":867,"end_offset":878},{"id":237,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":951,"end_offset":958},{"id":238,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":971,"end_offset":992},{"id":239,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1001,"end_offset":1009},{"id":240,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1043,"end_offset":1066},{"id":241,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1131,"end_offset":1185},{"id":242,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1188,"end_offset":1266},{"id":243,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1308,"end_offset":1334},{"id":244,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1346,"end_offset":1353},{"id":2214,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":27}],"relations":[{"id":75,"from_id":224,"to_id":225,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":76,"from_id":226,"to_id":231,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":77,"from_id":226,"to_id":230,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":78,"from_id":226,"to_id":229,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":79,"from_id":226,"to_id":227,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":80,"from_id":244,"to_id":243,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":81,"from_id":226,"to_id":228,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":82,"from_id":244,"to_id":242,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":83,"from_id":244,"to_id":241,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":84,"from_id":240,"to_id":239,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}]}
+{"id":13,"text":"#Treatment - Absence seizure - 8A68.1\nYour doctor likely will start at the lowest dose of anti-seizure medication possible and increase the dosage as needed to control the seizures. Children may be able to taper off anti-seizure medications, under a doctor's supervision, after they've been seizure-free for two years. Drugs prescribed for absence seizure include: Ethosuximide (Zarontin). This is the drug most doctors start with for absence seizures. In most cases, seizures respond well to this drug. Possible side effects include nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, trouble sleeping, hyperactivity. Valproic acid (Depakene). Girls who continue to need medication into adulthood should discuss potential risks of valproic acid with their doctors. Valproic acid has been associated with higher risk of birth defects in babies, and doctors advise women against using it during pregnancy or while trying to conceive. Doctors may recommend the use of valproic acid in children who have both absence and grand mal (tonic-clonic) seizures.  Lamotrigine (Lamictal). Some studies show this drug to be less effective than ethosuximide or valproic acid, but it has fewer side effects. Side effects may include rash and nausea. Lifestyle and home remedies. Dietary therapy. Following a diet that's high in fat and low in carbohydrates, known as a ketogenic diet, can improve seizure control. This is used only if traditional medications fail to control the seizures. This diet isn't easy to maintain, but is successful at reducing seizures for some people. Variations on a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, such as the glycemic index and modified Atkins diets, though less effective, aren't as restrictive as the ketogenic diet and may also provide benefit. Additional options. Here are other steps you might take to help with seizure control: Take medication correctly. Don't adjust the dosage before talking to your doctor. If you feel your medication should be changed, discuss it with your doctor. Get enough sleep. Lack of sleep can trigger seizures. Be sure to get adequate rest every night. Wear a medical alert bracelet. This will help emergency personnel know how to treat you correctly if you have another seizure. Ask your doctor about driving or recreation restrictions. Someone with a seizure disorder will have to be seizure-free for reasonable lengths of time (intervals vary from state to state) before being able to drive. Don't bathe or swim unless someone else is nearby to help if needed. 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+{"id":14,"text":"#Causes - Absence seizure - 8A68.1\nMany children appear to have a genetic predisposition to absence seizures. In general, seizures are caused by abnormal electrical impulses from nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. The brain's nerve cells normally send electrical and chemical signals across the synapses that connect them. In people who have seizures, the brain's usual electrical activity is altered. During an absence seizure, these electrical signals repeat themselves over and over in a three-second pattern. People who have seizures may also have altered levels of the chemical messengers that help the nerve cells communicate with one another (neurotransmitters). ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":295,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":92,"end_offset":108},{"id":296,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":122,"end_offset":131},{"id":297,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":145,"end_offset":213},{"id":298,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":219,"end_offset":238},{"id":299,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":296,"end_offset":305},{"id":300,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":343,"end_offset":351},{"id":301,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":357,"end_offset":363},{"id":302,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":413,"end_offset":428},{"id":303,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":530,"end_offset":539},{"id":304,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":609,"end_offset":620},{"id":2216,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":25}],"relations":[{"id":102,"from_id":296,"to_id":297,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":103,"from_id":300,"to_id":301,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":104,"from_id":303,"to_id":304,"type":"affects_R"}]}
+{"id":15,"text":"#Complications - Absence seizure - 8A68.1\nWhile most children outgrow absence seizures, some: Must take anti-seizure medications throughout life to prevent seizures, Eventually have full convulsions, such as generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Other complications can include: Learning difficulties, Behavior problems, Social isolation. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":305,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":70,"end_offset":86},{"id":306,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":104,"end_offset":128},{"id":307,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":156,"end_offset":164},{"id":308,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":182,"end_offset":241},{"id":309,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":276,"end_offset":297},{"id":310,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":299,"end_offset":316},{"id":311,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":318,"end_offset":334},{"id":2217,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":32}],"relations":[{"id":105,"from_id":306,"to_id":307,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":106,"from_id":305,"to_id":308,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}

Annotated_Text/test/Acanthosis_nigricans-ED51.0Z.jsonl

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+{"id":16,"text":"#Complications - Acanthosis nigricans - ED51.00\nPeople who have acanthosis nigricans are much more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":312,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":64,"end_offset":84},{"id":313,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":117,"end_offset":132},{"id":2218,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":37}],"relations":[{"id":107,"from_id":312,"to_id":313,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":17,"text":"#Causes - Acanthosis nigricans - ED51.00\nAcanthosis nigricans might be related to: Insulin resistance. Most people who have acanthosis nigricans have also become resistant to insulin. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that allows the body to process sugar. Insulin resistance is what leads to type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance is also related to polycystic ovarian syndrome and might be a factor in why acanthosis nigricans develops. Certain drugs and supplements. High-dose niacin, birth control pills, prednisone and other corticosteroids may cause acanthosis nigricans. Cancer. Some types of cancer cause acanthosis nigricans. These include lymphoma and cancers of the stomach, colon and liver. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":314,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":41,"end_offset":61},{"id":315,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":83,"end_offset":101},{"id":316,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":123,"end_offset":144},{"id":317,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":162,"end_offset":182},{"id":318,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":197,"end_offset":204},{"id":319,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":221,"end_offset":230},{"id":320,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":246,"end_offset":251},{"id":321,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":269,"end_offset":287},{"id":322,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":305,"end_offset":320},{"id":323,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":322,"end_offset":340},{"id":324,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":359,"end_offset":387},{"id":325,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":417,"end_offset":437},{"id":326,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":456,"end_offset":477},{"id":327,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":478,"end_offset":495},{"id":328,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":497,"end_offset":516},{"id":329,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":518,"end_offset":554},{"id":330,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":565,"end_offset":585},{"id":331,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":587,"end_offset":593},{"id":332,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":595,"end_offset":615},{"id":333,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":622,"end_offset":642},{"id":334,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":658,"end_offset":710},{"id":2219,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":30}],"relations":[{"id":108,"from_id":329,"to_id":330,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":109,"from_id":316,"to_id":317,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":110,"from_id":333,"to_id":332,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":111,"from_id":328,"to_id":330,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":112,"from_id":327,"to_id":330,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":113,"from_id":325,"to_id":323,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":18,"text":"#Overview - Acanthosis nigricans - ED51.00\nAcanthosis nigricans is a condition that causes areas of dark, thick velvety skin in body folds and creases. It typically affects the armpits, groin and neck. Acanthosis nigricans (ak-an-THOE-sis NIE-grih-kuns) tends to affect people with obesity. Rarely, the skin condition can be a sign of cancer in an internal organ, such as the stomach or liver. Treating the cause of acanthosis nigricans might restore the usual color and texture of the skin. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":335,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":43,"end_offset":63},{"id":336,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":104},{"id":337,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":106,"end_offset":150},{"id":338,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":152,"end_offset":154},{"id":339,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":177,"end_offset":184},{"id":340,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":186,"end_offset":200},{"id":341,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":202,"end_offset":253},{"id":342,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":282,"end_offset":289},{"id":343,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":299,"end_offset":317},{"id":344,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":335,"end_offset":341},{"id":345,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":348,"end_offset":362},{"id":346,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":376,"end_offset":392},{"id":347,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":416,"end_offset":436},{"id":348,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":451,"end_offset":490},{"id":2220,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":32}],"relations":[{"id":114,"from_id":347,"to_id":348,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":115,"from_id":344,"to_id":346,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":116,"from_id":344,"to_id":345,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":117,"from_id":338,"to_id":339,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":118,"from_id":344,"to_id":343,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":119,"from_id":341,"to_id":342,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":120,"from_id":338,"to_id":340,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":121,"from_id":335,"to_id":337,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":122,"from_id":335,"to_id":336,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":19,"text":"#Diagnosis - Acanthosis nigricans - ED51.00\nAcanthosis nigricans can be detected during a skin exam. To be sure of the diagnosis, your health care provider might take a skin sample (biopsy) to look at under a microscope. Or you may need other tests to find out what's causing your symptoms. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":349,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":44,"end_offset":64},{"id":350,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":90,"end_offset":99},{"id":351,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":169,"end_offset":180},{"id":352,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":243,"end_offset":249},{"id":2221,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":33}],"relations":[{"id":123,"from_id":349,"to_id":350,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}]}
+{"id":20,"text":"#Symptoms - Acanthosis nigricans - ED51.00\nThe main sign of acanthosis nigricans is dark, thick, velvety skin in body folds and creases. It often appears in the armpits, groin and back of the neck. It develops slowly. The affected skin might be itchy, have an odor and develop skin tags. When to see a doctor. Consult your health care provider if you notice changes in your skin — especially if the changes are sudden. You may have an underlying condition that needs treatment. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":353,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":60,"end_offset":80},{"id":354,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":84,"end_offset":135},{"id":355,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":137,"end_offset":139},{"id":356,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":161,"end_offset":168},{"id":357,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":170,"end_offset":196},{"id":358,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":222,"end_offset":235},{"id":359,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":245,"end_offset":250},{"id":360,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":252,"end_offset":264},{"id":361,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":269,"end_offset":286},{"id":362,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":378},{"id":2222,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":32}],"relations":[{"id":124,"from_id":355,"to_id":357,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":125,"from_id":355,"to_id":356,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":126,"from_id":353,"to_id":354,"type":"has_symptom_R"}]}
+{"id":21,"text":"#Risk factors - Acanthosis nigricans - ED51.00\nThe risk of acanthosis nigricans is higher in people who have obesity. The risk is also higher in people with a family history of the condition, especially in families where obesity and type 2 diabetes are also common. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":363,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":59,"end_offset":79},{"id":364,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":109,"end_offset":116},{"id":365,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":157,"end_offset":173},{"id":366,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":177,"end_offset":190},{"id":367,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":221,"end_offset":228},{"id":368,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":233,"end_offset":248},{"id":2223,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":36}],"relations":[{"id":127,"from_id":366,"to_id":365,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":128,"from_id":366,"to_id":368,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":129,"from_id":366,"to_id":367,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":130,"from_id":363,"to_id":364,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":22,"text":"#Treatment - Acanthosis nigricans - ED51.00\nThere's no specific treatment for acanthosis nigricans. Your care provider might suggest treatments to help with pain and odor, such as skin creams, special soaps, medications and laser therapy. Treating the underlying cause might help. Examples include: Lose weight. If your acanthosis nigricans is caused by obesity, nutritional counseling and losing weight may help. Stop medications. If your condition seems to be related to a medication or supplement that you use, your care provider may suggest that you stop using that substance. Have surgery. If acanthosis nigricans was triggered by a cancerous tumor, surgery to remove the tumor often clears up the skin symptoms. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":369,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":78,"end_offset":98},{"id":370,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":157,"end_offset":171},{"id":371,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":180,"end_offset":191},{"id":372,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":193,"end_offset":206},{"id":373,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":208,"end_offset":219},{"id":374,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":224,"end_offset":237},{"id":375,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":299,"end_offset":310},{"id":376,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":320,"end_offset":340},{"id":377,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":361},{"id":378,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":363,"end_offset":385},{"id":379,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":390,"end_offset":403},{"id":380,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":475,"end_offset":500},{"id":381,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":565,"end_offset":579},{"id":382,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":586,"end_offset":593},{"id":383,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":598,"end_offset":618},{"id":384,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":638,"end_offset":653},{"id":385,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":655,"end_offset":662},{"id":386,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":677,"end_offset":682},{"id":387,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":699,"end_offset":707},{"id":2224,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":33}],"relations":[{"id":131,"from_id":383,"to_id":387,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":132,"from_id":383,"to_id":385,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":133,"from_id":379,"to_id":376,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":134,"from_id":376,"to_id":377,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":135,"from_id":383,"to_id":386,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":136,"from_id":383,"to_id":384,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":137,"from_id":378,"to_id":376,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}]}

Annotated_Text/test/Achalasia-DA21.0.jsonl

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+{"id":23,"text":"#Causes - Achalasia - DA21.0\nThe exact cause of achalasia is poorly understood. Researchers suspect it may be caused by a loss of nerve cells in the esophagus. There are theories about what causes this, but viral infection or autoimmune responses have been suspected. Very rarely, achalasia may be caused by an inherited genetic disorder or infection. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":388,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":58},{"id":389,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":100,"end_offset":103},{"id":390,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":120,"end_offset":158},{"id":391,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":197,"end_offset":201},{"id":392,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":207,"end_offset":246},{"id":393,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":281,"end_offset":291},{"id":394,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":310,"end_offset":350},{"id":2225,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":19}],"relations":[{"id":138,"from_id":389,"to_id":390,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":139,"from_id":391,"to_id":392,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":140,"from_id":393,"to_id":394,"type":"caused_by_R"}]}
+{"id":24,"text":"#Diagnosis - Achalasia - DA21.0\nAchalasia can be overlooked or misdiagnosed because it has symptoms similar to other digestive disorders. To test for achalasia, your doctor is likely to recommend: Esophageal manometry. This test measures the rhythmic muscle contractions in your esophagus when you swallow, the coordination and force exerted by the esophagus muscles, and how well your lower esophageal sphincter relaxes or opens during a swallow. This test is the most helpful when determining which type of motility problem you might have. X-rays of your upper digestive system (esophagram). X-rays are taken after you drink a chalky liquid that coats and fills the inside lining of your digestive tract. The coating allows your doctor to see a silhouette of your esophagus, stomach and upper intestine. You may also be asked to swallow a barium pill that can help to show a blockage of the esophagus. Upper endoscopy. Your doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube equipped with a light and camera (endoscope) down your throat, to examine the inside of your esophagus and stomach. Endoscopy can be used to define a partial blockage of the esophagus if your symptoms or results of a barium study indicate that possibility. Endoscopy can also be used to collect a sample of tissue (biopsy) to be tested for complications of reflux such as Barrett's esophagus. Read more about esophageal manometry. and upper endoscopy. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":395,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":32,"end_offset":42},{"id":396,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":117,"end_offset":136},{"id":397,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":141,"end_offset":146},{"id":398,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":150,"end_offset":159},{"id":399,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":197,"end_offset":217},{"id":400,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":219,"end_offset":228},{"id":401,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":251,"end_offset":258},{"id":402,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":279,"end_offset":289},{"id":403,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":349,"end_offset":366},{"id":404,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":386,"end_offset":412},{"id":405,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":448,"end_offset":457},{"id":406,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":509,"end_offset":525},{"id":407,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":542,"end_offset":548},{"id":408,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":557,"end_offset":592},{"id":409,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":594,"end_offset":600},{"id":410,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":667,"end_offset":705},{"id":411,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":766,"end_offset":775},{"id":412,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":777,"end_offset":785},{"id":413,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":789,"end_offset":804},{"id":414,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":893,"end_offset":902},{"id":415,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":904,"end_offset":919},{"id":416,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1018,"end_offset":1024},{"id":417,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1056,"end_offset":1066},{"id":418,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1070,"end_offset":1077},{"id":419,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1079,"end_offset":1089},{"id":420,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1113,"end_offset":1146},{"id":421,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1220,"end_offset":1230},{"id":422,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1258,"end_offset":1276},{"id":423,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1320,"end_offset":1354},{"id":2226,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":22}],"relations":[{"id":141,"from_id":395,"to_id":396,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":142,"from_id":400,"to_id":401,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":143,"from_id":400,"to_id":402,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":144,"from_id":400,"to_id":403,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":145,"from_id":400,"to_id":404,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":146,"from_id":409,"to_id":410,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":147,"from_id":398,"to_id":397,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":148,"from_id":398,"to_id":399,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":149,"from_id":407,"to_id":408,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":150,"from_id":421,"to_id":422,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"}]}
+{"id":25,"text":"#Symptoms - Achalasia - DA21.0\nAchalasia symptoms generally appear gradually and worsen over time. Signs and symptoms may include: Inability to swallow (dysphagia), which may feel like food or drink is stuck in your throat, Regurgitating food or saliva, Heartburn, Belching, Chest pain that comes and goes, Coughing at night, Pneumonia (from aspiration of food into the lungs), Weight loss, Vomiting. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":424,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":22},{"id":425,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":31,"end_offset":41},{"id":426,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":222},{"id":427,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":224,"end_offset":252},{"id":428,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":254,"end_offset":263},{"id":429,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":265,"end_offset":273},{"id":430,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":275,"end_offset":305},{"id":431,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":307,"end_offset":324},{"id":432,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":326,"end_offset":376},{"id":433,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":378,"end_offset":389},{"id":434,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":391,"end_offset":399}],"relations":[{"id":151,"from_id":424,"to_id":427,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":152,"from_id":424,"to_id":429,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":153,"from_id":424,"to_id":430,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":154,"from_id":424,"to_id":431,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":155,"from_id":424,"to_id":433,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":156,"from_id":424,"to_id":434,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":157,"from_id":424,"to_id":426,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":158,"from_id":424,"to_id":428,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":159,"from_id":424,"to_id":432,"type":"has_symptom_R"}]}
+{"id":26,"text":"#Overview - Achalasia - DA21.0\nAchalasia is a rare disorder that makes it difficult for food and liquid to pass from the swallowing tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus) into your stomach. Achalasia occurs when nerves in the esophagus become damaged. As a result, the esophagus becomes paralyzed and dilated over time and eventually loses the ability to squeeze food down into the stomach. Food then collects in the esophagus, sometimes fermenting and washing back up into the mouth, which can taste bitter. Some people mistake this for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, in achalasia the food is coming from the esophagus, whereas in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) the material comes from the stomach. There's no cure for achalasia. Once the esophagus is paralyzed, the muscle cannot work properly again. But symptoms can usually be managed with endoscopy, minimally invasive therapy or surgery. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":435,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":31,"end_offset":40},{"id":436,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":121,"end_offset":136},{"id":437,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":153,"end_offset":158},{"id":438,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":163,"end_offset":170},{"id":439,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":193,"end_offset":200},{"id":440,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":202,"end_offset":211},{"id":441,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":224,"end_offset":247},{"id":442,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":255,"end_offset":262},{"id":443,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":281,"end_offset":290},{"id":444,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":299,"end_offset":330},{"id":445,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":346,"end_offset":401},{"id":446,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":429,"end_offset":438},{"id":447,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":490,"end_offset":495},{"id":448,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":550,"end_offset":588},{"id":449,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":602,"end_offset":611},{"id":450,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":640,"end_offset":649},{"id":451,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":662,"end_offset":700},{"id":452,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":729,"end_offset":736},{"id":453,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":758,"end_offset":767},{"id":454,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":778,"end_offset":787},{"id":455,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":791,"end_offset":800},{"id":456,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":806,"end_offset":812},{"id":457,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":882,"end_offset":891},{"id":458,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":912,"end_offset":919},{"id":459,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":923,"end_offset":930},{"id":2227,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":21}],"relations":[{"id":160,"from_id":435,"to_id":436,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":161,"from_id":435,"to_id":437,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":162,"from_id":435,"to_id":438,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":163,"from_id":435,"to_id":439,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":164,"from_id":440,"to_id":441,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":165,"from_id":440,"to_id":442,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":166,"from_id":445,"to_id":443,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":167,"from_id":451,"to_id":452,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":168,"from_id":457,"to_id":459,"type":"needs_R"},{"id":169,"from_id":444,"to_id":443,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":170,"from_id":449,"to_id":450,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":171,"from_id":455,"to_id":456,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":172,"from_id":455,"to_id":454,"type":"influence_R"}]}
+{"id":27,"text":"#Treatment - Achalasia - DA21.0\nAchalasia treatment focuses on relaxing or stretching open the lower esophageal sphincter so that food and liquid can move more easily through your digestive tract. Specific treatment depends on your age, health condition and the severity of the achalasia. Nonsurgical treatment. Nonsurgical options include: Pneumatic dilation. A balloon is inserted by endoscopy into the center of the esophageal sphincter and inflated to enlarge the opening. This outpatient procedure may need to be repeated if the esophageal sphincter doesn't stay open. Nearly one-third of people treated with balloon dilation need repeat treatment within five years. This procedure requires sedation. Botox (botulinum toxin type A). This muscle relaxant can be injected directly into the esophageal sphincter with an endoscopic needle. The injections may need to be repeated, and repeat injections may make it more difficult to perform surgery later if needed. Botox is generally recommended only for people who aren't good candidates for pneumatic dilation or surgery due to age or overall health. Botox injections typically do not last more than six months. A strong improvement from injection of Botox may help confirm a diagnosis of achalasia.  Medication. Your doctor might suggest muscle relaxants such as nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) or nifedipine (Procardia) before eating. These medications have limited treatment effect and severe side effects. Medications are generally considered only if you're not a candidate for pneumatic dilation or surgery, and Botox hasn't helped. This type of therapy is rarely indicated. Surgery. Surgical options for treating achalasia include: Heller myotomy. The surgeon cuts the muscle at the lower end of the esophageal sphincter to allow food to pass more easily into the stomach. The procedure can be done noninvasively (laparoscopic Heller myotomy). Some people who have a Heller myotomy may later develop gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To avoid future problems with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a procedure known as fundoplication might be performed at the same time as a Heller myotomy. In fundoplication, the surgeon wraps the top of your stomach around the lower esophagus to create an anti-reflux valve, preventing acid from coming back (GERD) into the esophagus. Fundoplication is usually done with a minimally invasive (laparoscopic) procedure. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). In the peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) procedure, the surgeon uses an endoscope inserted through your mouth and down your throat to create an incision in the inside lining of your esophagus. Then, as in a Heller myotomy, the surgeon cuts the muscle at the lower end of the esophageal sphincter. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) may also be combined with or followed by later fundoplication to help prevent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Some patients who have a peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and develop gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after the procedure are treated with daily oral medication. . 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+{"id":28,"text":"#Causes - Achilles tendinitis - FB40.Y\nAchilles tendinitis is caused by repetitive or intense strain on the Achilles tendon, the band of tissue that connects your calf muscles to your heel bone. This tendon is used when you walk, run, jump or push up on your toes. The structure of the Achilles tendon weakens with age, which can make it more susceptible to injury — particularly in people who may participate in sports only on the weekends or who have suddenly increased the intensity of their running programs. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":529,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":29},{"id":530,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":39,"end_offset":58},{"id":531,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":72,"end_offset":123},{"id":532,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":125,"end_offset":193},{"id":533,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":206},{"id":534,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":259,"end_offset":263},{"id":535,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":286,"end_offset":301},{"id":536,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":335,"end_offset":337},{"id":537,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":343,"end_offset":511}],"relations":[{"id":194,"from_id":530,"to_id":531,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":195,"from_id":530,"to_id":532,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":196,"from_id":529,"to_id":537,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":29,"text":"#Complications - Achilles tendinitis - FB40.Y\nAchilles tendinitis can weaken the tendon, making it more vulnerable to a tear (rupture) — a painful injury that usually requires surgical repair. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":538,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":36},{"id":539,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":46,"end_offset":65},{"id":540,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":81,"end_offset":87},{"id":541,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":120,"end_offset":191}],"relations":[{"id":197,"from_id":539,"to_id":540,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":198,"from_id":539,"to_id":541,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":30,"text":"#Overview - Achilles tendinitis - FB40.Y\nAchilles tendinitis is an overuse injury of the Achilles (uh-KILL-eez) tendon, the band of tissue that connects calf muscles at the back of the lower leg to your heel bone. Achilles tendinitis most commonly occurs in runners who have suddenly increased the intensity or duration of their runs. It's also common in middle-aged people who play sports, such as tennis or basketball, only on the weekends. Most cases of Achilles tendinitis can be treated with relatively simple, at-home care under your doctor's supervision. Self-care strategies are usually necessary to prevent recurring episodes. More-serious cases of Achilles tendinitis can lead to tendon tears (ruptures) that may require surgical repair. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":542,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":31},{"id":543,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":41,"end_offset":60},{"id":544,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":67,"end_offset":212},{"id":545,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":214,"end_offset":233},{"id":546,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":266,"end_offset":333},{"id":547,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":335,"end_offset":339},{"id":548,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":441},{"id":549,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":457,"end_offset":476},{"id":550,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":658,"end_offset":677},{"id":551,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":690,"end_offset":713},{"id":552,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":731,"end_offset":746}],"relations":[{"id":199,"from_id":545,"to_id":546,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":200,"from_id":543,"to_id":544,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":201,"from_id":547,"to_id":548,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":202,"from_id":550,"to_id":551,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":203,"from_id":552,"to_id":550,"type":"surgery_for_R"}]}
+{"id":31,"text":"#Diagnosis - Achilles tendinitis - FB40.Y\nDuring the physical exam, your doctor will gently press on the affected area to determine the location of pain, tenderness or swelling. He or she will also evaluate the flexibility, alignment, range of motion and reflexes of your foot and ankle. Imaging tests. Your doctor may order one or more of the following tests to assess your condition: X-rays. While X-rays can't visualize soft tissues such as tendons, they may help rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms. Ultrasound. This device uses sound waves to visualize soft tissues like tendons. Ultrasound can also produce real-time images of the Achilles tendon in motion, and color-Doppler ultrasound can evaluate blood flow around the tendon. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using radio waves and a very strong magnet, MRI machines can produce very detailed images of the Achilles tendon. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":553,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":32},{"id":554,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":66},{"id":555,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":148,"end_offset":176},{"id":556,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":288,"end_offset":301},{"id":557,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":386,"end_offset":392},{"id":558,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":400,"end_offset":406},{"id":559,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":423,"end_offset":451},{"id":560,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":526,"end_offset":536},{"id":561,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":538,"end_offset":549},{"id":562,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":580,"end_offset":605},{"id":563,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":607,"end_offset":617},{"id":564,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":659,"end_offset":674},{"id":565,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":690,"end_offset":714},{"id":566,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":750,"end_offset":756},{"id":567,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":758,"end_offset":790},{"id":568,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":836,"end_offset":839},{"id":569,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":889,"end_offset":904}],"relations":[{"id":204,"from_id":553,"to_id":567,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":205,"from_id":565,"to_id":566,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":206,"from_id":563,"to_id":564,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":207,"from_id":561,"to_id":562,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":208,"from_id":553,"to_id":560,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":209,"from_id":558,"to_id":559,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":210,"from_id":553,"to_id":557,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":211,"from_id":553,"to_id":556,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":212,"from_id":553,"to_id":554,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":213,"from_id":553,"to_id":555,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":214,"from_id":568,"to_id":569,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"}]}
+{"id":32,"text":"#Prevention - Achilles tendinitis - FB40.Y\nWhile it may not be possible to prevent Achilles tendinitis, you can take measures to reduce your risk: Increase your activity level gradually. If you're just beginning an exercise regimen, start slowly and gradually increase the duration and intensity of the training. Take it easy. Avoid activities that place excessive stress on your tendons, such as hill running. If you participate in a strenuous activity, warm up first by exercising at a slower pace. If you notice pain during a particular exercise, stop and rest. Choose your shoes carefully. The shoes you wear while exercising should provide adequate cushioning for your heel and should have a firm arch support to help reduce the tension in the Achilles tendon. Replace your worn-out shoes. If your shoes are in good condition but don't support your feet, try arch supports in both shoes. Stretch daily. Take the time to stretch your calf muscles and Achilles tendon in the morning, before exercise and after exercise to maintain flexibility. This is especially important to avoid a recurrence of Achilles tendinitis. Strengthen your calf muscles. Strong calf muscles enable the calf and Achilles tendon to better handle the stresses they encounter with activity and exercise. Cross-train. Alternate high-impact activities, such as running and jumping, with low-impact activities, such as cycling and swimming. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":570,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":33},{"id":571,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":83,"end_offset":102},{"id":572,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":146,"end_offset":185},{"id":573,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":233,"end_offset":311},{"id":574,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":327,"end_offset":409},{"id":575,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":411,"end_offset":499},{"id":576,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":501,"end_offset":592},{"id":577,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":594,"end_offset":714},{"id":578,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":749,"end_offset":764},{"id":579,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":766,"end_offset":793},{"id":580,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":795,"end_offset":891},{"id":581,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":893,"end_offset":906},{"id":582,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":908,"end_offset":1045},{"id":583,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1087,"end_offset":1120},{"id":584,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1122,"end_offset":1150},{"id":585,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1152,"end_offset":1171},{"id":586,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1179,"end_offset":1187},{"id":587,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1192,"end_offset":1207},{"id":588,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1229,"end_offset":1237},{"id":589,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1281,"end_offset":1292},{"id":590,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1294,"end_offset":1413}],"relations":[{"id":215,"from_id":571,"to_id":572,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":216,"from_id":570,"to_id":573,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":217,"from_id":570,"to_id":574,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":218,"from_id":570,"to_id":575,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":219,"from_id":570,"to_id":576,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":220,"from_id":570,"to_id":577,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":221,"from_id":570,"to_id":579,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":222,"from_id":570,"to_id":580,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":223,"from_id":570,"to_id":581,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":224,"from_id":570,"to_id":582,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":225,"from_id":570,"to_id":583,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":226,"from_id":570,"to_id":584,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":227,"from_id":570,"to_id":589,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":228,"from_id":570,"to_id":590,"type":"has_precaution_R"}]}
+{"id":33,"text":"#Risk factors - Achilles tendinitis - FB40.Y\nA number of factors may increase your risk of Achilles tendinitis, including: Your sex. Achilles tendinitis occurs most commonly in men. Age. Achilles tendinitis is more common as you age. Physical problems. A naturally flat arch in your foot can put more strain on the Achilles tendon. Obesity and tight calf muscles also can increase tendon strain. Training choices. Running in worn-out shoes can increase your risk of Achilles tendinitis. Tendon pain occurs more frequently in cold weather than in warm weather, and running on hilly terrain also can predispose you to Achilles injury. Medical conditions. People who have psoriasis or high blood pressure are at higher risk of developing Achilles tendinitis. Medications. Certain types of antibiotics, called fluoroquinolones, have been associated with higher rates of Achilles tendinitis. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":591,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":35},{"id":592,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":110},{"id":593,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":128,"end_offset":131},{"id":594,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":133,"end_offset":152},{"id":595,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":182,"end_offset":185},{"id":596,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":187,"end_offset":206},{"id":597,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":229,"end_offset":232},{"id":598,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":234,"end_offset":251},{"id":599,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":253,"end_offset":287},{"id":600,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":301,"end_offset":307},{"id":601,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":315,"end_offset":330},{"id":602,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":332,"end_offset":362},{"id":603,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":381,"end_offset":394},{"id":604,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":414,"end_offset":439},{"id":605,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":466,"end_offset":485},{"id":606,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":487,"end_offset":498},{"id":607,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":525,"end_offset":537},{"id":608,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":564,"end_offset":588},{"id":609,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":616,"end_offset":631},{"id":610,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":669,"end_offset":701},{"id":611,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":735,"end_offset":754},{"id":612,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":756,"end_offset":767},{"id":613,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":786,"end_offset":797},{"id":614,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":806,"end_offset":822},{"id":615,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":866,"end_offset":885}],"relations":[{"id":229,"from_id":600,"to_id":601,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":230,"from_id":605,"to_id":604,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":231,"from_id":611,"to_id":610,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":232,"from_id":615,"to_id":614,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":233,"from_id":615,"to_id":613,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":234,"from_id":592,"to_id":593,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":235,"from_id":596,"to_id":597,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":34,"text":"#Symptoms - Achilles tendinitis - FB40.Y\nThe pain associated with Achilles tendinitis typically begins as a mild ache in the back of the leg or above the heel after running or other sports activity. Episodes of more-severe pain may occur after prolonged running, stair climbing or sprinting. You might also experience tenderness or stiffness, especially in the morning, which usually improves with mild activity. When to see a doctor. If you experience persistent pain around the Achilles tendon, call your doctor. Seek immediate medical attention if the pain or disability is severe. You may have a torn (ruptured) Achilles tendon. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":616,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":31},{"id":617,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":41,"end_offset":49},{"id":618,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":66,"end_offset":85},{"id":619,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":108,"end_offset":197},{"id":620,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":227},{"id":621,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":318,"end_offset":341},{"id":622,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":453,"end_offset":495},{"id":623,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":555,"end_offset":583},{"id":624,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":600,"end_offset":631}],"relations":[{"id":236,"from_id":618,"to_id":617,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":237,"from_id":618,"to_id":619,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":238,"from_id":616,"to_id":620,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":239,"from_id":616,"to_id":621,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":240,"from_id":616,"to_id":622,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":241,"from_id":616,"to_id":623,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":242,"from_id":616,"to_id":624,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":35,"text":"#Treatment - Achilles tendinitis - FB40.Y\nTendinitis usually responds well to self-care measures. But if your signs and symptoms are severe or persistent, your doctor might suggest other treatment options. Medications. If over-the-counter pain medications — such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen (Aleve) — aren't enough, your doctor might prescribe stronger medications to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Physical therapy. A physical therapist might suggest some of the following treatment options: Exercises. Therapists often prescribe specific stretching and strengthening exercises to promote healing and strengthening of the Achilles tendon and its supporting structures. A special type of strengthening called \"eccentric\" strengthening, involving a slow let down of a weight after raising it, has been found to be especially helpful for persistent Achilles problems.  Orthotic devices. A shoe insert or wedge that slightly elevates your heel can relieve strain on the tendon and provide a cushion that lessens the amount of force exerted on your Achilles tendon. Surgery. If several months of more-conservative treatments don't work or if the tendon has torn, your doctor may suggest surgery to repair your Achilles tendon. Lifestyle and home remedies. Self-care strategies include the following steps, often known by the acronym R.I.C.E.: Rest. You may need to avoid exercise for several days or switch to an activity that doesn't strain the Achilles tendon, such as swimming. In severe cases, you may need to wear a walking boot and use crutches. Ice. To decrease pain or swelling, apply an ice pack to the tendon for about 15 minutes after exercising or when you experience pain. Compression. Wraps or compressive elastic bandages can help reduce swelling and reduce movement of the tendon. Elevation. Raise the affected foot above the level of your heart to reduce swelling. Sleep with your affected foot elevated at night. 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+{"id":36,"text":"#Causes - Achilles tendon rupture - NC96.02\nYour Achilles tendon helps you point your foot downward, rise on your toes and push off your foot as you walk. You rely on it virtually every time you walk and move your foot. Rupture usually occurs in the section of the tendon situated within 2 1\/2 inches (about 6 centimeters) of the point where it attaches to the heel bone. This section might be prone to rupture because blood flow is poor, which also can impair its ability to heal. Ruptures often are caused by a sudden increase in the stress on your Achilles tendon. Common examples include: Increasing the intensity of sports participation, especially in sports that involve jumping, Falling from a height, Stepping into a hole. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":660,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":33},{"id":661,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":49,"end_offset":64},{"id":662,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":86,"end_offset":89},{"id":663,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":114,"end_offset":118},{"id":664,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":137,"end_offset":141},{"id":665,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":214,"end_offset":218},{"id":666,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":220,"end_offset":227},{"id":667,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":260,"end_offset":271},{"id":668,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":357,"end_offset":370},{"id":669,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":394,"end_offset":410},{"id":670,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":419,"end_offset":480},{"id":671,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":482,"end_offset":490},{"id":672,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":511,"end_offset":566},{"id":673,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":593,"end_offset":729}],"relations":[{"id":262,"from_id":666,"to_id":667,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":263,"from_id":666,"to_id":668,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":264,"from_id":660,"to_id":666,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":265,"from_id":660,"to_id":661,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":266,"from_id":660,"to_id":669,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":267,"from_id":660,"to_id":671,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":37,"text":"#Diagnosis - Achilles tendon rupture - NC96.02\nDuring the physical exam, your doctor will inspect your lower leg for tenderness and swelling. Your doctor might be able to feel a gap in your tendon if it has ruptured completely. The doctor might ask you to kneel on a chair or lie on your stomach with your feet hanging over the end of the exam table. He or she might then squeeze your calf muscle to see if your foot will automatically flex. If it doesn't, you probably have ruptured your Achilles tendon. If there's a question about the extent of your Achilles tendon injury — whether it's completely or only partially ruptured — your doctor might order an ultrasound or MRI scan. These painless procedures create images of the tissues of your body. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":674,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":36},{"id":675,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":58,"end_offset":71},{"id":676,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":103,"end_offset":112},{"id":677,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":190,"end_offset":196},{"id":678,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":207,"end_offset":214},{"id":679,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":288,"end_offset":295},{"id":680,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":305,"end_offset":310},{"id":681,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":335,"end_offset":343},{"id":682,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":385,"end_offset":396},{"id":683,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":412,"end_offset":416},{"id":684,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":475,"end_offset":482},{"id":685,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":489,"end_offset":504},{"id":686,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":553,"end_offset":575},{"id":687,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":620,"end_offset":627},{"id":688,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":657,"end_offset":668},{"id":689,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":672,"end_offset":680},{"id":690,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":682,"end_offset":707},{"id":691,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":725,"end_offset":749}],"relations":[{"id":268,"from_id":681,"to_id":680,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":269,"from_id":674,"to_id":686,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":270,"from_id":674,"to_id":688,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":271,"from_id":674,"to_id":689,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":272,"from_id":690,"to_id":691,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":273,"from_id":674,"to_id":675,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":274,"from_id":675,"to_id":676,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":275,"from_id":678,"to_id":677,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":276,"from_id":674,"to_id":678,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":277,"from_id":681,"to_id":679,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":278,"from_id":684,"to_id":685,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":279,"from_id":674,"to_id":690,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}]}
+{"id":38,"text":"#Prevention - Achilles tendon rupture - NC96.02\nTo reduce your chance of developing Achilles tendon problems, follow these tips: Stretch and strengthen calf muscles. Stretch your calf until you feel a noticeable pull but not pain. Don't bounce during a stretch. Calf-strengthening exercises can also help the muscle and tendon absorb more force and prevent injury. Vary your exercises. Alternate high-impact sports, such as running, with low-impact sports, such as walking, biking or swimming. Avoid activities that place excessive stress on your Achilles tendons, such as hill running and jumping activities. Choose running surfaces carefully. Avoid or limit running on hard or slippery surfaces. Dress properly for cold-weather training, and wear well-fitting athletic shoes with proper cushioning in the heels. Increase training intensity slowly. Achilles tendon injuries commonly occur after an abrupt increase in training intensity. Increase the distance, duration and frequency of your training by no more than 10 percent weekly. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":692,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":37},{"id":693,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":84,"end_offset":108},{"id":694,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":164},{"id":695,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":165,"end_offset":229},{"id":696,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":305,"end_offset":315},{"id":697,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":320,"end_offset":326},{"id":698,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":357,"end_offset":363},{"id":699,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":396,"end_offset":431},{"id":700,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":438,"end_offset":492},{"id":701,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":494,"end_offset":608},{"id":702,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":610,"end_offset":643},{"id":703,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":645,"end_offset":696},{"id":704,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":698,"end_offset":738},{"id":705,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":744,"end_offset":812},{"id":706,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":814,"end_offset":848},{"id":707,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":850,"end_offset":874},{"id":708,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":896,"end_offset":936}],"relations":[{"id":280,"from_id":692,"to_id":695,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":281,"from_id":692,"to_id":699,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":282,"from_id":692,"to_id":701,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":283,"from_id":692,"to_id":703,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":284,"from_id":692,"to_id":707,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":285,"from_id":692,"to_id":693,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":286,"from_id":692,"to_id":694,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":287,"from_id":692,"to_id":697,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":288,"from_id":692,"to_id":698,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":289,"from_id":692,"to_id":700,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":290,"from_id":692,"to_id":702,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":291,"from_id":692,"to_id":704,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":292,"from_id":692,"to_id":705,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":293,"from_id":692,"to_id":706,"type":"has_precaution_R"}]}
+{"id":39,"text":"#Overview - Achilles tendon rupture - NC96.02\nAchilles (uh-KILL-eez) tendon rupture is an injury that affects the back of your lower leg. It mainly occurs in people playing recreational sports, but it can happen to anyone. The Achilles tendon is a strong fibrous cord that connects the muscles in the back of your calf to your heel bone. If you overstretch your Achilles tendon, it can tear (rupture) completely or just partially. If your Achilles tendon ruptures, you might hear a pop, followed by an immediate sharp pain in the back of your ankle and lower leg that is likely to affect your ability to walk properly. Surgery is often performed to repair the rupture. For many people, however, nonsurgical treatment works just as well. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":709,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":35},{"id":710,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":46,"end_offset":83},{"id":711,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":87,"end_offset":96},{"id":712,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":110,"end_offset":136},{"id":713,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":138,"end_offset":140},{"id":714,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":158,"end_offset":192},{"id":715,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":227,"end_offset":242},{"id":716,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":282,"end_offset":318},{"id":717,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":322,"end_offset":336},{"id":718,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":345,"end_offset":377},{"id":719,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":379,"end_offset":381},{"id":720,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":385,"end_offset":400},{"id":721,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":439,"end_offset":463},{"id":722,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":465,"end_offset":485},{"id":723,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":499,"end_offset":562},{"id":724,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":581,"end_offset":608},{"id":725,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":619,"end_offset":626},{"id":726,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":656,"end_offset":667},{"id":727,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":695,"end_offset":716}],"relations":[{"id":294,"from_id":710,"to_id":711,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":295,"from_id":710,"to_id":712,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":296,"from_id":709,"to_id":717,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":297,"from_id":709,"to_id":720,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":298,"from_id":713,"to_id":714,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":299,"from_id":721,"to_id":722,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":300,"from_id":721,"to_id":723,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":301,"from_id":721,"to_id":724,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":302,"from_id":709,"to_id":715,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":303,"from_id":709,"to_id":716,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":304,"from_id":725,"to_id":709,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":305,"from_id":709,"to_id":726,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":306,"from_id":727,"to_id":709,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}]}
+{"id":40,"text":"#Risk factors - Achilles tendon rupture - NC96.02\nFactors that may increase your risk of Achilles tendon rupture include: Age. The peak age for Achilles tendon rupture is 30 to 40. Sex. Achilles tendon rupture is up to five times more likely to occur in men than in women. Recreational sports. Achilles tendon injuries occur more often during sports that involve running, jumping, and sudden starts and stops — such as soccer, basketball and tennis. Steroid injections. Doctors sometimes inject steroids into an ankle joint to reduce pain and inflammation. However, this medication can weaken nearby tendons and has been associated with Achilles tendon ruptures. Certain antibiotics. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro) or levofloxacin (Levaquin), increase the risk of Achilles tendon rupture. Obesity. Excess weight puts more strain on the tendon. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":728,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":39},{"id":729,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":89,"end_offset":112},{"id":730,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":122,"end_offset":125},{"id":731,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":144,"end_offset":167},{"id":732,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":171,"end_offset":179},{"id":733,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":181,"end_offset":184},{"id":734,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":186,"end_offset":209},{"id":735,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":254,"end_offset":257},{"id":736,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":273,"end_offset":292},{"id":737,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":294,"end_offset":318},{"id":738,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":343,"end_offset":448},{"id":739,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":450,"end_offset":468},{"id":740,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":488,"end_offset":523},{"id":741,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":566,"end_offset":581},{"id":742,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":586,"end_offset":607},{"id":743,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":637,"end_offset":661},{"id":744,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":684,"end_offset":711},{"id":745,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":721,"end_offset":734},{"id":746,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":736,"end_offset":741},{"id":747,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":746,"end_offset":758},{"id":748,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":760,"end_offset":768},{"id":749,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":792,"end_offset":815},{"id":750,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":817,"end_offset":824},{"id":751,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":826,"end_offset":839},{"id":752,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":864,"end_offset":870}],"relations":[{"id":307,"from_id":729,"to_id":730,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":308,"from_id":734,"to_id":735,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":309,"from_id":741,"to_id":742,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":310,"from_id":745,"to_id":746,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":311,"from_id":747,"to_id":748,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":312,"from_id":751,"to_id":752,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":313,"from_id":731,"to_id":732,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":314,"from_id":728,"to_id":736,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":315,"from_id":728,"to_id":737,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":316,"from_id":728,"to_id":738,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":317,"from_id":728,"to_id":739,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":318,"from_id":728,"to_id":740,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":319,"from_id":741,"to_id":728,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":320,"from_id":728,"to_id":745,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":321,"from_id":728,"to_id":747,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":322,"from_id":728,"to_id":750,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":323,"from_id":728,"to_id":751,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":324,"from_id":744,"to_id":728,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}]}
+{"id":41,"text":"#Symptoms - Achilles tendon rupture - NC96.02\nAlthough it's possible to have no signs or symptoms with an Achilles tendon rupture, most people have: The feeling of having been kicked in the calf, Pain, possibly severe, and swelling near the heel, An inability to bend the foot downward or \"push off\" the injured leg when walking, An inability to stand on the toes on the injured leg, A popping or snapping sound when the injury occurs. When to see your doctor. Seek medical advice immediately if you hear a pop in your heel, especially if you can't walk properly afterward. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":753,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":35},{"id":754,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":106,"end_offset":129},{"id":755,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":149,"end_offset":194},{"id":756,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":196,"end_offset":200},{"id":757,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":202,"end_offset":217},{"id":758,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":223,"end_offset":245},{"id":759,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":247,"end_offset":328},{"id":760,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":330,"end_offset":382},{"id":761,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":384,"end_offset":434},{"id":762,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":500,"end_offset":523},{"id":763,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":543,"end_offset":572}],"relations":[{"id":325,"from_id":754,"to_id":755,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":326,"from_id":754,"to_id":756,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":327,"from_id":754,"to_id":757,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":328,"from_id":754,"to_id":758,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":329,"from_id":753,"to_id":762,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":330,"from_id":754,"to_id":759,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":331,"from_id":754,"to_id":760,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":332,"from_id":754,"to_id":761,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":333,"from_id":753,"to_id":763,"type":"has_symptom_R"}]}
+{"id":42,"text":"#Treatment - Achilles tendon rupture - NC96.02\nTreatment for a ruptured Achilles tendon often depends on your age, activity level and the severity of your injury. In general, younger and more active people, particularly athletes, tend to choose surgery to repair a completely ruptured Achilles tendon, while older people are more likely to opt for nonsurgical treatment. Recent studies, however, have shown fairly equal effectiveness of both surgical and nonsurgical management. Nonsurgical treatment. This approach typically involves: Resting the tendon by using crutches, Applying ice to the area, Taking over-the-counter pain relievers, Keeping the ankle from moving for the first few weeks, usually with a walking boot with heel wedges or a cast, with the foot flexed down. Nonoperative treatment avoids the risks associated with surgery, such as infection. However, a nonsurgical approach might increase your chances of re-rupture and recovery can take longer, although recent studies indicate favorable outcomes in people treated nonsurgically if they start rehabilitation with weight bearing early. Surgery. The procedure generally involves making an incision in the back of your lower leg and stitching the torn tendon together. Depending on the condition of the torn tissue, the repair might be reinforced with other tendons. Complications can include infection and nerve damage. Minimally invasive procedures reduce infection rates over those of open procedures. Rehabilitation. After either treatment, you'll have physical therapy exercises to strengthen your leg muscles and Achilles tendon. Most people return to their former level of activity within four to six months. It's important to continue strength and stability training after that because some problems can persist for up to a year. A type of rehabilitation known as functional rehabilitation also focuses on coordination of body parts and how you move. The purpose is to return you to your highest level of performance, as an athlete or in your everyday life. One review study concluded that if you have access to functional rehabilitation, you might do just as well with nonsurgical treatment as with surgery. More study is needed. Rehabilitation after either surgical or nonsurgical management is also trending toward moving earlier and progressing faster. Studies are ongoing in this area also. 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+{"id":43,"text":"#Causes - Acne - 6B25.1\nFour main factors cause acne: Excess oil (sebum) production, Hair follicles clogged by oil and dead skin cells, Bacteria, Inflammation. Acne typically appears on your face, forehead, chest, upper back and shoulders because these areas of skin have the most oil (sebaceous) glands. Hair follicles are connected to oil glands. The follicle wall may bulge and produce a whitehead. Or the plug may be open to the surface and darken, causing a blackhead. A blackhead may look like dirt stuck in pores. But actually the pore is congested with bacteria and oil, which turns brown when it's exposed to the air. Pimples are raised red spots with a white center that develop when blocked hair follicles become inflamed or infected with bacteria. Blockages and inflammation deep inside hair follicles produce cystlike lumps beneath the surface of your skin. Other pores in your skin, which are the openings of the sweat glands, aren't usually involved in acne. Certain things may trigger or worsen acne: Hormonal changes. Androgens are hormones that increase in boys and girls during puberty and cause the sebaceous glands to enlarge and make more sebum. Hormone changes during midlife, particularly in women, can lead to breakouts too. Certain medications. Examples include drugs containing corticosteroids, testosterone or lithium. Diet. Studies indicate that consuming certain foods — including carbohydrate-rich foods, such as bread, bagels and chips — may worsen acne. Further study is needed to examine whether people with acne would benefit from following specific dietary restrictions. Stress. Stress doesn't cause acne, but if you have acne already, stress may make it worse. Acne myths. These factors have little effect on acne: Chocolate and greasy foods. Eating chocolate or greasy food has little to no effect on acne. Hygiene. Acne isn't caused by dirty skin. In fact, scrubbing the skin too hard or cleansing with harsh soaps or chemicals irritates the skin and can make acne worse. Cosmetics. Cosmetics don't necessarily worsen acne, especially if you use oil-free makeup that doesn't clog pores (noncomedogenics) and remove makeup regularly. Nonoily cosmetics don't interfere with the effectiveness of acne drugs. 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+{"id":44,"text":"#Complications - Acne - 6B25.1\nPeople with darker skin types are more likely than are people with lighter skin to experience these acne complications: Scars. Pitted skin (acne scars) and thick scars (keloids) can remain long-term after acne has healed. Skin changes. After acne has cleared, the affected skin may be darker (hyperpigmented) or lighter (hypopigmented) than before the condition occurred. Risk factors. Risk factors for acne include: Age. People of all ages can get acne, but it's most common in teenagers. Hormonal changes. Such changes are common during puberty or pregnancy. Family history. Genetics plays a role in acne. If both of your parents had acne, you're likely to develop it too. Greasy or oily substances. You may develop acne where your skin comes into contact with oil or oily lotions and creams. Friction or pressure on your skin. This can be caused by items such as telephones, cellphones, helmets, tight collars and backpacks. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":864,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":21},{"id":865,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":135},{"id":866,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":151,"end_offset":156},{"id":867,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":158,"end_offset":181},{"id":868,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":187,"end_offset":208},{"id":869,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":236,"end_offset":240},{"id":870,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":253,"end_offset":265},{"id":871,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":273,"end_offset":277},{"id":872,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":316,"end_offset":339},{"id":873,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":343,"end_offset":366},{"id":874,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":434,"end_offset":438},{"id":875,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":448,"end_offset":451},{"id":876,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":521,"end_offset":537},{"id":877,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":592,"end_offset":606},{"id":878,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":608,"end_offset":616},{"id":879,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":633,"end_offset":637},{"id":880,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":667,"end_offset":671},{"id":881,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":706,"end_offset":731},{"id":882,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":749,"end_offset":753},{"id":883,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":765,"end_offset":824},{"id":884,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":826,"end_offset":859}],"relations":[{"id":362,"from_id":865,"to_id":866,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":363,"from_id":871,"to_id":873,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":364,"from_id":869,"to_id":867,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":365,"from_id":869,"to_id":868,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":366,"from_id":864,"to_id":870,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":367,"from_id":871,"to_id":872,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":368,"from_id":874,"to_id":875,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":369,"from_id":879,"to_id":878,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":370,"from_id":882,"to_id":883,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":45,"text":"#Overview - Acne - 6B25.1\nAcne is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. It causes whiteheads, blackheads or pimples. Acne is most common among teenagers, though it affects people of all ages. Effective acne treatments are available, but acne can be persistent. The pimples and bumps heal slowly, and when one begins to go away, others seem to crop up. Depending on its severity, acne can cause emotional distress and scar the skin. The earlier you start treatment, the lower your risk of such problems. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":885,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":16},{"id":886,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":26,"end_offset":31},{"id":887,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":36,"end_offset":41},{"id":888,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":116,"end_offset":131},{"id":889,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":133,"end_offset":136},{"id":890,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":153},{"id":891,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":155,"end_offset":166},{"id":892,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":169,"end_offset":176},{"id":893,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":178,"end_offset":183},{"id":894,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":263,"end_offset":268},{"id":895,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":298,"end_offset":303},{"id":896,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":326,"end_offset":333},{"id":897,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":440,"end_offset":444},{"id":898,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":455,"end_offset":473},{"id":899,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":478,"end_offset":491}],"relations":[{"id":371,"from_id":889,"to_id":890,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":372,"from_id":889,"to_id":891,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":373,"from_id":889,"to_id":892,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":374,"from_id":897,"to_id":898,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":375,"from_id":897,"to_id":899,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":376,"from_id":886,"to_id":888,"type":"affects_R"}]}
+{"id":46,"text":"#Symptoms - Acne - 6B25.1\nAcne signs vary depending on the severity of your condition: Whiteheads (closed plugged pores), Blackheads (open plugged pores), Small red, tender bumps (papules), Pimples (pustules), which are papules with pus at their tips Large, solid, painful lumps under the skin (nodules), Painful, pus-filled lumps under the skin (cystic lesions). Acne usually appears on the face, forehead, chest, upper back and shoulders. When to see a doctor. If self-care remedies don't clear your acne, see your primary care doctor. He or she can prescribe stronger medications. If acne persists or is severe, you may want to seek medical treatment from a doctor who specializes in the skin (dermatologist or pediatric dermatologist). For many women, acne can persist for decades, with flares common a week before menstruation. This type of acne tends to clear up without treatment in women who use contraceptives. In older adults, a sudden onset of severe acne may signal an underlying disease requiring medical attention. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warns that some popular nonprescription acne lotions, cleansers and other skin products can cause a serious reaction. This type of reaction is quite rare, so don't confuse it with any redness, irritation or itchiness that occurs in areas where you've applied medications or products. Seek emergency medical help if after using a skin product you experience: Faintness, Difficulty breathing, Swelling of the eyes, face, lips or tongue, Tightness of the throat. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":900,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":16},{"id":901,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":26,"end_offset":30},{"id":902,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":87,"end_offset":120},{"id":903,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":122,"end_offset":153},{"id":904,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":155,"end_offset":164},{"id":905,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":166,"end_offset":188},{"id":906,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":190,"end_offset":263},{"id":907,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":265,"end_offset":312},{"id":908,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":313,"end_offset":362},{"id":909,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":364,"end_offset":368},{"id":910,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":377,"end_offset":439},{"id":911,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":502,"end_offset":506},{"id":912,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":562,"end_offset":582},{"id":913,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":587,"end_offset":591},{"id":914,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":592,"end_offset":613},{"id":915,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":687,"end_offset":695},{"id":916,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":756,"end_offset":760},{"id":917,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":765,"end_offset":831},{"id":918,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":846,"end_offset":850},{"id":919,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":904,"end_offset":918},{"id":920,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":955,"end_offset":966},{"id":921,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1108,"end_offset":1120},{"id":922,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1122,"end_offset":1155},{"id":923,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1168,"end_offset":1184},{"id":924,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1199,"end_offset":1207},{"id":925,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1252,"end_offset":1284},{"id":926,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1327,"end_offset":1350},{"id":927,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1395,"end_offset":1409},{"id":928,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1426,"end_offset":1435},{"id":929,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1437,"end_offset":1457},{"id":930,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1459,"end_offset":1501},{"id":931,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1503,"end_offset":1526}],"relations":[{"id":377,"from_id":901,"to_id":903,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":378,"from_id":901,"to_id":904,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":379,"from_id":901,"to_id":908,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":380,"from_id":909,"to_id":910,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":381,"from_id":913,"to_id":914,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":382,"from_id":921,"to_id":923,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":383,"from_id":926,"to_id":925,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":384,"from_id":927,"to_id":929,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":385,"from_id":901,"to_id":902,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":386,"from_id":901,"to_id":906,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":387,"from_id":901,"to_id":907,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":388,"from_id":916,"to_id":917,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":389,"from_id":919,"to_id":918,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":390,"from_id":922,"to_id":923,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":391,"from_id":926,"to_id":924,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":392,"from_id":927,"to_id":928,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":393,"from_id":927,"to_id":931,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":394,"from_id":927,"to_id":930,"type":"has_side_effect_R"}]}
+{"id":47,"text":"#Treatment - Acne - 6B25.1\nIf you've tried over-the-counter (nonprescription) acne products for several weeks and they haven't helped, ask your doctor about prescription-strength medications. A dermatologist can help you: Control your acne, Avoid scarring or other damage to your skin, Make scars less noticeable. Acne medications work by reducing oil production and swelling or by treating bacterial infection. With most prescription acne drugs, you may not see results for four to eight weeks. It can take many months or years for your acne to clear up completely. The treatment regimen your doctor recommends depends on your age, the type and severity of your acne, and what you are willing to commit to. For example, you may need to wash and apply medications to the affected skin twice a day for several weeks. Topical medications and drugs you take by mouth (oral medication) are often used in combination. Treatment options for pregnant women are limited due to the risk of side effects. Talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of medications and other treatments you are considering. And make follow-up appointments with your doctor every three to six months until your skin improves. Topical medications. The most common topical prescription medications for acne are: Retinoids and retinoid-like drugs. Drugs that contain retinoic acids or tretinoin are often useful for moderate acne. These come as creams, gels and lotions. Examples include tretinoin (Avita, Retin-A, others), adapalene (Differin) and tazarotene (Tazorac, Avage, others). You apply this medication in the evening, beginning with three times a week, then daily as your skin becomes used to it. It prevents plugging of hair follicles. Do not apply tretinoin at the same time as benzoyl peroxide. Topical retinoids increase your skin's sun sensitivity. They can also cause dry skin and redness, especially in people with brown or Black skin. Adapalene may be tolerated best.  Antibiotics. These work by killing excess skin bacteria and reducing redness and inflammation. For the first few months of treatment, you may use both a retinoid and an antibiotic, with the antibiotic applied in the morning and the retinoid in the evening. The antibiotics are often combined with benzoyl peroxide to reduce the likelihood of developing antibiotic resistance. Examples include clindamycin with benzoyl peroxide (Benzaclin, Duac, others) and erythromycin with benzoyl peroxide (Benzamycin). Topical antibiotics alone aren't recommended. Azelaic acid and salicylic acid. Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring acid produced by a yeast. It has antibacterial properties. A 20% azelaic acid cream or gel seems to be as effective as many conventional acne treatments when used twice a day. Prescription azelaic acid (Azelex, Finacea) is an option during pregnancy and while breast-feeding. It can also be used to manage discoloration that occurs with some types of acne. Side effects include skin redness and minor skin irritation. Salicylic acid may help prevent plugged hair follicles and is available as both wash-off and leave-on products. Studies showing its effectiveness are limited. Side effects include skin discoloration and minor skin irritation.  Dapsone. Dapsone (Aczone) 5% gel twice daily is recommended for inflammatory acne, especially in women with acne. Side effects include redness and dryness. Evidence is not strong in support of using zinc, sulfur, nicotinamide, resorcinol, sulfacetamide sodium or aluminum chloride in topical treatments for acne. Oral medications. Antibiotics. For moderate to severe acne, you may need oral antibiotics to reduce bacteria. Usually the first choice for treating acne is a tetracycline (minocycline, doxycycline) or a macrolide (erythromycin, azithromycin). A macrolide might be an option for people who can't take tetracyclines, including pregnant women and children under 8 years old. Oral antibiotics should be used for the shortest time possible to prevent antibiotic resistance. And they should be combined with other drugs, such as benzoyl peroxide, to reduce the risk of developing antibiotic resistance. Severe side effects from the use of antibiotics to treat acne are uncommon. These drugs do increase your skin's sun sensitivity. Combined oral contraceptives. Four combined oral contraceptives are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for acne therapy in women who also wish to use them for contraception. They are products that combine progestin and estrogen (Ortho Tri-Cyclen 21, Yaz, others). You may not see the benefit of this treatment for a few months, so using other acne medications with it for the first few weeks may help. Common side effects of combined oral contraceptives are weight gain, breast tenderness and nausea. These drugs are also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular problems, breast cancer and cervical cancer.  Anti-androgen agents. The drug spironolactone (Aldactone) may be considered for women and adolescent girls if oral antibiotics aren't helping. It works by blocking the effect of androgen hormones on the oil-producing glands. Possible side effects include breast tenderness and painful periods. Isotretinoin. Isotretinoin (Amnesteem, Claravis, others) is a derivative of vitamin A. It may be prescribed for people whose moderate or severe acne hasn't responded to other treatments. Potential side effects of oral isotretinoin include inflammatory bowel disease, depression and severe birth defects. All people receiving isotretinoin must participate in an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved risk management program. And they'll need to see their doctors regularly to monitor for side effects. . Therapies. For some people, the following therapies might be helpful, either alone or in combination with medications. Light therapy. A variety of light-based therapies have been tried with some success. Most will require multiple visits to your doctor's office. Further study is needed to determine the ideal method, light source and dose. Chemical peel. This procedure uses repeated applications of a chemical solution, such as salicylic acid, glycolic acid or retinoic acid. This treatment is for mild acne. It might improve the appearance of the skin, though the change is not long lasting and repeat treatments are usually needed. Drainage and extraction. Your doctor may use special tools to gently remove whiteheads and blackheads (comedos) or cysts that haven't cleared up with topical medications. This technique temporarily improves the appearance of your skin, but it might also cause scarring. Steroid injection. Nodular and cystic lesions can be treated by injecting a steroid drug into them. This therapy has resulted in rapid improvement and decreased pain. Side effects may include skin thinning and discoloration in the treated area. Treating children. Most studies of acne drugs have involved people 12 years of age or older. Increasingly, younger children are getting acne as well. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expanded the number of topical products approved for use in children. And guidelines from the American Academy of Dermatology indicate that topical benzoyl peroxide, adapalene and tretinoin in preadolescent children are effective and don't cause increased risk of side effects. If your child has acne, consider consulting a pediatric dermatologist. Ask about drugs to avoid in children, appropriate doses, drug interactions, side effects, and how treatment may affect a child's growth and development. Alternative medicine. Some alternative and integrative medicine approaches might be helpful in reducing acne: Tea tree oil. Gels containing at least 5% tea tree oil may be as effective as lotions containing 5% benzoyl peroxide, although tea tree oil might work more slowly. Possible side effects include minor itching, burning, redness and dryness, which make it a poor choice for people with rosacea. Brewer's yeast. A strain of brewer's yeast called Hansen CBS seems to help decrease acne when taken orally. It may cause gas (flatulence). More research is needed to establish the potential effectiveness and long-term safety of these and other integrative approaches, such as biofeedback and ayurvedic compounds. Talk with your doctor about the pros and cons of specific treatments before you try them. Lifestyle and home remedies. You can try to avoid or control mild or moderate acne with nonprescription products, good basic skin care and other self-care techniques: Wash problem areas with a gentle cleanser. Twice a day, use your hands to wash your face with mild soap or a gentle cleanser (Cetaphil, Vanicream, others) and warm water. And be gentle if you're shaving affected skin. Avoid certain products, such as facial scrubs, astringents and masks. They tend to irritate the skin, which can worsen acne. Too much washing and scrubbing also can irritate the skin. Try over-the-counter acne products to dry excess oil and promote peeling. Look for products containing benzoyl peroxide and adapalene as the active ingredients. You might also try products containing salicylic acid, glycolic acid or alpha hydroxy acids. It may take a few weeks of using a product before you see any improvement. Creams are less irritating than gels or ointments. Nonprescription acne medications may cause initial side effects — such as redness, dryness and scaling — that often improve after the first month of using them.  Avoid irritants. Oily or greasy cosmetics, sunscreens, hairstyling products or acne concealers can worsen acne. Instead, use products labeled water-based or noncomedogenic, which means they are less likely to cause acne. Protect your skin from the sun. For some people, the sun worsens the discoloration that sometimes lingers after the acne has cleared. And some acne medications make you more susceptible to sunburn. Check with your doctor to see if your medication is one of these. If it is, stay out of the sun as much as possible. Regularly use a nonoily (noncomedogenic) moisturizer that includes a sunscreen. Avoid friction or pressure on your skin. Protect your acne-prone skin from contact with items such as phones, helmets, tight collars or straps, and backpacks. Avoid touching or picking acne-prone areas. Doing so can trigger more acne or lead to infection or scarring. Shower after strenuous activities. Oil and sweat on your skin can lead to breakouts. 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+{"id":56,"text":"#Causes - Acoustic neuroma - 2A02.3&XA6LY7\nThe cause of acoustic neuromas can be linked to a problem with a gene on chromosome 22. Normally, this gene produces a tumor suppressor protein that helps control the growth of Schwann cells covering the nerves. Experts don't know what causes this problem with the gene. In most cases of acoustic neuroma, there is no known cause. This faulty gene is also inherited in neurofibromatosis type 2, a rare disorder that usually involves the growth of tumors on the hearing and balance nerves on both sides of your head (bilateral vestibular schwannomas). ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1332,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":26},{"id":1333,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":56,"end_offset":73},{"id":1334,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":106,"end_offset":129},{"id":1335,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":146,"end_offset":150},{"id":1336,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":160,"end_offset":186},{"id":1337,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":220,"end_offset":253},{"id":1338,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":304,"end_offset":312},{"id":1339,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":331,"end_offset":347},{"id":1340,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":379,"end_offset":390},{"id":1341,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":412,"end_offset":453},{"id":1342,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":476,"end_offset":592}],"relations":[{"id":543,"from_id":1333,"to_id":1334,"type":"affects_R"}]}
+{"id":57,"text":"#Complications - Acoustic neuroma - 2A02.3&XA6LY7\nAn acoustic neuroma may cause a variety of permanent complications, including: Hearing loss, Facial numbness and weakness, Difficulties with balance, Ringing in the ear. Large tumors may press on your brainstem, preventing the normal flow of fluid between your brain and spinal cord (cerebrospinal fluid). In this case, fluid can build up in your head (hydrocephalus), increasing the pressure inside your skull. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1343,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":33},{"id":1344,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":69},{"id":1345,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":141},{"id":1346,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":171},{"id":1347,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":173,"end_offset":198},{"id":1348,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":200,"end_offset":218},{"id":1349,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":220,"end_offset":232},{"id":1350,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":251,"end_offset":260},{"id":1351,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":298,"end_offset":332},{"id":1352,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":397,"end_offset":402},{"id":1353,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":455,"end_offset":460}],"relations":[{"id":544,"from_id":1349,"to_id":1351,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":545,"from_id":1349,"to_id":1350,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":546,"from_id":1344,"to_id":1348,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":547,"from_id":1344,"to_id":1347,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":548,"from_id":1344,"to_id":1346,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":549,"from_id":1344,"to_id":1345,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":58,"text":"#Overview - Acoustic neuroma - 2A02.3&XA6LY7\nAcoustic neuroma, also known as vestibular schwannoma, is a noncancerous and usually slow-growing tumor that develops on the main (vestibular) nerve leading from your inner ear to your brain. Branches of this nerve directly influence your balance and hearing, and pressure from an acoustic neuroma can cause hearing loss, ringing in your ear and unsteadiness. Acoustic neuroma usually arises from the Schwann cells covering this nerve and grows slowly or not at all. Rarely, it may grow rapidly and become large enough to press against the brain and interfere with vital functions. Treatments for acoustic neuroma include regular monitoring, radiation and surgical removal. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1354,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":28},{"id":1355,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":45,"end_offset":61},{"id":1356,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":77,"end_offset":98},{"id":1357,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":170,"end_offset":235},{"id":1358,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":254,"end_offset":259},{"id":1359,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":326,"end_offset":342},{"id":1360,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":353,"end_offset":365},{"id":1361,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":367,"end_offset":403},{"id":1362,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":405,"end_offset":421},{"id":1363,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":446,"end_offset":479},{"id":1364,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":520,"end_offset":522},{"id":1365,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":527,"end_offset":625},{"id":1366,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":642,"end_offset":658},{"id":1367,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":667,"end_offset":685},{"id":1368,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":687,"end_offset":717}],"relations":[{"id":550,"from_id":1355,"to_id":1357,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":551,"from_id":1368,"to_id":1366,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":552,"from_id":1367,"to_id":1366,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":553,"from_id":1364,"to_id":1365,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":554,"from_id":1359,"to_id":1361,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":555,"from_id":1359,"to_id":1360,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":59,"text":"#Diagnosis - Acoustic neuroma - 2A02.3&XA6LY7\nAcoustic neuroma is often difficult to diagnose in the early stages because signs and symptoms may be easy to miss and develop slowly over time. Common symptoms such as hearing loss are also associated with many other middle and inner ear problems. After asking questions about your symptoms, your doctor will conduct an ear exam. Your doctor may order the following tests: Hearing test (audiometry). In this test, conducted by a hearing specialist (audiologist), you hear sounds directed to one ear at a time. The audiologist presents a range of sounds of various tones and asks you to indicate each time you hear the sound. Each tone is repeated at faint levels to find out when you can barely hear. The audiologist may also present various words to determine your hearing ability.  Imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast dye is usually used to diagnose acoustic neuroma. This imaging test can detect tumors as small as 1 to 2 millimeters in diameter. If magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unavailable or you can't have an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan for some reason, computerized tomography (CT) may be used. However, computerized tomography (CT) scans may miss very small tumors. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1369,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":29},{"id":1370,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":46,"end_offset":62},{"id":1371,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":215,"end_offset":227},{"id":1372,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":264,"end_offset":293},{"id":1373,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":367,"end_offset":375},{"id":1374,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":420,"end_offset":445},{"id":1375,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":455,"end_offset":459},{"id":1376,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":542,"end_offset":545},{"id":1377,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":831,"end_offset":838},{"id":1378,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":840,"end_offset":872},{"id":1379,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":919,"end_offset":935},{"id":1380,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":942,"end_offset":954},{"id":1381,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":966,"end_offset":972},{"id":1382,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1020,"end_offset":1052},{"id":1383,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1089,"end_offset":1121},{"id":1384,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1144,"end_offset":1172},{"id":1385,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1195,"end_offset":1223},{"id":1386,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1250,"end_offset":1256}],"relations":[{"id":556,"from_id":1369,"to_id":1384,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":557,"from_id":1369,"to_id":1382,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":558,"from_id":1379,"to_id":1378,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":559,"from_id":1375,"to_id":1376,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":560,"from_id":1369,"to_id":1374,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":561,"from_id":1369,"to_id":1373,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":562,"from_id":1369,"to_id":1372,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":563,"from_id":1369,"to_id":1371,"type":"has_symptom_R"}]}
+{"id":60,"text":"#Symptoms - Acoustic neuroma - 2A02.3&XA6LY7\nSigns and symptoms of acoustic neuroma are often easy to miss and may take many years to develop. They usually happen because of the tumor's effects on the hearing and balance nerves. Pressure from the tumor on nearby nerves controlling facial muscles and sensation (facial and trigeminal nerves), nearby blood vessels, or brain structures may also cause problems. As the tumor grows, it may cause more noticeable or severe signs and symptoms. Common signs and symptoms of acoustic neuroma include: Hearing loss, usually gradually worsening over months to years — although in rare cases sudden — and occurring on only one side or more severe on one side, Ringing (tinnitus) in the affected ear, Unsteadiness or loss of balance, Dizziness (vertigo), Facial numbness and weakness or loss of muscle movement. In rare cases, an acoustic neuroma may grow large enough to compress the brainstem and become life-threatening. When to see your doctor. See your doctor if you notice hearing loss in one ear, ringing in your ear or trouble with your balance. Early diagnosis of an acoustic neuroma may help keep the tumor from growing large enough to cause serious consequences, such as total hearing loss. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1387,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":28},{"id":1388,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":67,"end_offset":83},{"id":1389,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":174,"end_offset":227},{"id":1390,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":229,"end_offset":384},{"id":1391,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":413,"end_offset":422},{"id":1392,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":518,"end_offset":534},{"id":1393,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":544,"end_offset":698},{"id":1394,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":700,"end_offset":738},{"id":1395,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":740,"end_offset":771},{"id":1396,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":773,"end_offset":792},{"id":1397,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":794,"end_offset":849},{"id":1398,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":869,"end_offset":885},{"id":1399,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":890,"end_offset":961},{"id":1400,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1018,"end_offset":1041},{"id":1401,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1043,"end_offset":1091},{"id":1402,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1093,"end_offset":1108},{"id":1403,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1112,"end_offset":1131},{"id":1404,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1150,"end_offset":1155},{"id":1405,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1221,"end_offset":1239}],"relations":[{"id":564,"from_id":1387,"to_id":1401,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":565,"from_id":1387,"to_id":1400,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":566,"from_id":1403,"to_id":1405,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":567,"from_id":1403,"to_id":1404,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":568,"from_id":1403,"to_id":1402,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":569,"from_id":1398,"to_id":1399,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":570,"from_id":1392,"to_id":1397,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":571,"from_id":1392,"to_id":1396,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":572,"from_id":1392,"to_id":1395,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":573,"from_id":1392,"to_id":1394,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":574,"from_id":1392,"to_id":1393,"type":"has_symptom_R"}]}
+{"id":61,"text":"#Risk factors - Acoustic neuroma - 2A02.3&XA6LY7\nNeurofibromatosis type 2The only confirmed risk factor for acoustic neuroma is having a parent with the rare genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 2. However, neurofibromatosis type 2 only accounts for about 5% of acoustic neuroma cases. A hallmark characteristic of neurofibromatosis type 2 is the development of noncancerous tumors on the hearing and balance nerves on both sides of the head, as well as on other nerves. Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is known as an autosomal dominant disorder, meaning that the mutation can be passed on by just one parent (dominant gene). Each child of an affected parent has a 50-50 chance of inheriting it. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1406,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":32},{"id":1407,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":49,"end_offset":73},{"id":1408,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":108,"end_offset":124},{"id":1409,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":128,"end_offset":199},{"id":1410,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":210,"end_offset":234},{"id":1411,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":265,"end_offset":281},{"id":1412,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":318,"end_offset":342},{"id":1413,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":365,"end_offset":384},{"id":1414,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":412,"end_offset":444},{"id":1415,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":460,"end_offset":472},{"id":1416,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":474,"end_offset":504},{"id":1417,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":517,"end_offset":547},{"id":1418,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":628,"end_offset":660}],"relations":[{"id":575,"from_id":1406,"to_id":1418,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":576,"from_id":1413,"to_id":1415,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":577,"from_id":1406,"to_id":1412,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":578,"from_id":1413,"to_id":1414,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":579,"from_id":1411,"to_id":1410,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":580,"from_id":1406,"to_id":1407,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":581,"from_id":1408,"to_id":1409,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":62,"text":"#Treatment - Acoustic neuroma - 2A02.3&XA6LY7\nYour acoustic neuroma treatment may vary, depending on: The size and growth of the acoustic neuroma, Your overall health, Severity of symptoms. To treat acoustic neuroma, your doctor may suggest one or more of three potential options: monitoring, surgery or radiation therapy. Monitoring. If you have a small acoustic neuroma that isn't growing or is growing slowly and causes few or no signs or symptoms, you and your doctor may decide to monitor it. Monitoring may be recommended if you're an older adult or otherwise not a good candidate for more-aggressive treatment. Your doctor may recommend that you have regular imaging and hearing tests, usually every 6 to 12 months, to determine whether the tumor is growing and how quickly. If the scans show the tumor is growing or if the tumor causes progressive symptoms or other difficulties, you may need to undergo treatment. Surgery. You may need surgery to remove an acoustic neuroma, especially if the tumor is: Continuing to grow, Very large, Causing symptoms. Your surgeon may use one of several techniques for removing an acoustic neuroma, depending on the size of your tumor, hearing status and other factors. The goal of surgery is to remove the tumor and preserve the facial nerve to prevent facial paralysis. Removing the entire tumor may not be possible in certain cases — for example, if the tumor is too close to important parts of the brain or the facial nerve. Surgery for an acoustic neuroma is performed under general anesthesia and involves removing the tumor through the inner ear or through a window in your skull. Sometimes, surgical removal of the tumor may worsen symptoms if the hearing, balance, or facial nerves are irritated or damaged during the operation. Hearing may be lost on the side where the surgery is performed, and balance is usually affected temporarily. Complications may include: Leaking cerebrospinal fluid through the wound or nose, Hearing loss, Facial weakness or numbness, Ringing in the ear, Balance problems, Persistent headache, Rarely, infection of the cerebrospinal fluid (meningitis), Very rarely, stroke or brain bleeding. Radiation therapy. There are several types of radiation therapy used to treat acoustic neuroma: Stereotactic radiosurgery. Your doctor may recommend a type of radiation therapy known as stereotactic radiosurgery. It's often used if your tumor is small (less than 2.5 centimeters in diameter), you are an older adult or you cannot tolerate surgery for health reasons. Stereotactic radiosurgery, such as Gamma Knife radiosurgery, uses many tiny gamma rays to deliver a precisely targeted dose of radiation to a tumor without damaging the surrounding tissue or making an incision. The goal of stereotactic radiosurgery is to stop the growth of a tumor, preserve the facial nerve's function and possibly preserve hearing. It may take weeks, months or years before you notice the effects of radiosurgery. Your doctor will monitor your progress with follow-up imaging studies and hearing tests. Risks of radiosurgery include: Hearing loss. Ringing in the ear. Facial weakness or numbness. Balance problems. Continued tumor growth.  Hearing loss, Ringing in the ear, Facial weakness or numbness, Balance problems, Continued tumor growth, Stereotactic radiotherapy. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) delivers a small dose of radiation to the tumor over several sessions. Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is done to curb the growth of the tumor without damaging surrounding brain tissue. Proton beam therapy. This type of radiation therapy uses high-energy beams of positively charged particles called protons. Protons are delivered to the affected area in targeted doses to treat tumors and minimize radiation exposure to the surrounding area. Supportive therapy. In addition to treatment to remove or stop the growth of the tumor, your doctor may recommend supportive therapies to address symptoms or complications of an acoustic neuroma and its treatment, such as dizziness or balance problems. Cochlear implants or other treatments may also be recommended to treat hearing loss. 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Annotated_Text/test/Acromegaly-5A60.0.jsonl

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+{"id":63,"text":"#Causes - Acromegaly - 5A60.0\nAcromegaly occurs when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone (GH) over a long period of time. The pituitary gland is a small gland at the base of your brain, behind the bridge of your nose. It produces growth hormone (GH) and a number of other hormones. Growth hormone (GH) plays an important role in managing your physical growth. When the pituitary gland releases growth hormone (GH) into your bloodstream, it triggers your liver to produce a hormone called insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) — sometimes also called insulin-like growth factor-I, or IGF-I. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is what causes your bones and other tissues to grow. Too much growth hormone (GH) leads to too much insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which can cause acromegaly signs, symptoms and complications. In adults, a tumor is the most common cause of too much growth hormone (GH) production: Pituitary tumors. Most acromegaly cases are caused by a noncancerous (benign) tumor (adenoma) of the pituitary gland. The tumor produces excessive amounts of growth hormone, causing many of the signs and symptoms of acromegaly. Some of the symptoms of acromegaly, such as headaches and impaired vision, are due to the tumor pressing on nearby brain tissues. Nonpituitary tumors. In a few people with acromegaly, tumors in other parts of the body, such as the lungs or pancreas, cause the disorder. Sometimes, these tumors secrete growth hormone (GH). In other cases, the tumors produce a hormone called growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH), which signals the pituitary gland to make more growth hormone (GH). 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+{"id":64,"text":"#Complications - Acromegaly - 5A60.0\nIf left untreated, acromegaly can lead to major health problems. Complications may include: High blood pressure (hypertension), High cholesterol, Heart problems, particularly enlargement of the heart (cardiomyopathy), Osteoarthritis, Type 2 diabetes, Enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter), Precancerous growths (polyps) on the lining of your colon, Sleep apnea, a condition in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, Carpal tunnel syndrome, Increased risk of cancerous tumors, Spinal cord compression or fractures, Vision changes or vision loss. Early treatment of acromegaly can prevent these complications from developing or becoming worse. Untreated, acromegaly and its complications can lead to premature death. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1559,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":27},{"id":1560,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":56,"end_offset":66},{"id":1561,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":79,"end_offset":100},{"id":1562,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":163},{"id":1563,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":165,"end_offset":181},{"id":1564,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":183,"end_offset":197},{"id":1565,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":199,"end_offset":253},{"id":1566,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":255,"end_offset":269},{"id":1567,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":271,"end_offset":286},{"id":1568,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":288,"end_offset":329},{"id":1569,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":331,"end_offset":388},{"id":1570,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":390,"end_offset":474},{"id":1571,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":476,"end_offset":498},{"id":1572,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":500,"end_offset":534},{"id":1573,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":536,"end_offset":572},{"id":1574,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":574,"end_offset":603},{"id":1575,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":624,"end_offset":634},{"id":1576,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":702,"end_offset":723},{"id":1577,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":758,"end_offset":773}],"relations":[{"id":618,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1562,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":619,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1563,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":620,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1564,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":621,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1565,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":622,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1566,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":623,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1567,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":624,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1568,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":625,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1569,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":626,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1570,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":627,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1571,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":628,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1572,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":629,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1573,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":630,"from_id":1559,"to_id":1574,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":631,"from_id":1576,"to_id":1577,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":632,"from_id":1560,"to_id":1561,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":65,"text":"#Overview - Acromegaly - 5A60.0\nAcromegaly is a hormonal disorder that develops when your pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood. When you have too much growth hormone, your bones increase in size. In childhood, this leads to increased height and is called gigantism. But in adulthood, a change in height doesn't occur. Instead, the increase in bone size is limited to the bones of your hands, feet and face, and is called acromegaly. Because acromegaly is uncommon and the physical changes occur slowly over many years, the condition sometimes takes a long time to recognize. Untreated, high levels of growth hormone can affect other parts of the body, in addition to your bones. This can lead to serious — sometimes even life-threatening — health problems. But treatment can reduce your risk of complications and significantly improve your symptoms, including the enlargement of your features. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1578,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":22},{"id":1579,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":32,"end_offset":42},{"id":1580,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":65},{"id":1581,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":90,"end_offset":155},{"id":1582,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":171,"end_offset":223},{"id":1583,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":356,"end_offset":434},{"id":1584,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":450,"end_offset":460},{"id":1585,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":470,"end_offset":480},{"id":1586,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":604,"end_offset":706},{"id":1587,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":750,"end_offset":784}],"relations":[{"id":633,"from_id":1584,"to_id":1583,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":634,"from_id":1579,"to_id":1580,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":635,"from_id":1578,"to_id":1582,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":636,"from_id":1578,"to_id":1586,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":637,"from_id":1578,"to_id":1587,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":638,"from_id":1579,"to_id":1581,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":66,"text":"#Diagnosis - Acromegaly - 5A60.0\nYour doctor will ask about your medical history and conduct a physical exam. Then he or she may recommend the following steps: IGF-1 measurement. After you've fasted overnight, your doctor will take a blood sample to measure the IGF-1 level in your blood. An elevated IGF-1 level suggests acromegaly. Growth hormone suppression test. This is the best method for confirming an acromegaly diagnosis. During this test, your GH blood level is measured both before and after you drink a preparation of sugar (glucose). In people who don't have acromegaly, the glucose drink typically causes the GH level to fall. But if you have acromegaly, your GH level will tend to stay high. Imaging. Your doctor may recommend an imaging test, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to help pinpoint the location and size of a tumor on your pituitary gland. If no pituitary tumors are seen, your doctor may order other imaging tests to look for nonpituitary tumors. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1588,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":23},{"id":1589,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":108},{"id":1590,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":160,"end_offset":177},{"id":1591,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":262,"end_offset":267},{"id":1592,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":301,"end_offset":306},{"id":1593,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":322,"end_offset":332},{"id":1594,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":334,"end_offset":365},{"id":1595,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":367,"end_offset":372},{"id":1596,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":409,"end_offset":420},{"id":1597,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":443,"end_offset":447},{"id":1598,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":572,"end_offset":582},{"id":1599,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":657,"end_offset":667},{"id":1600,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":707,"end_offset":714},{"id":1601,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":745,"end_offset":798},{"id":1602,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":845,"end_offset":851},{"id":1603,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":859,"end_offset":874},{"id":1604,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":882,"end_offset":898},{"id":1605,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":937,"end_offset":950},{"id":1606,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":976,"end_offset":982}],"relations":[{"id":639,"from_id":1588,"to_id":1589,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":640,"from_id":1588,"to_id":1590,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":641,"from_id":1588,"to_id":1594,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":642,"from_id":1596,"to_id":1595,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":643,"from_id":1588,"to_id":1600,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":644,"from_id":1588,"to_id":1601,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":645,"from_id":1602,"to_id":1603,"type":"influence_R"}]}
+{"id":67,"text":"#Symptoms - Acromegaly - 5A60.0\nA common sign of acromegaly is enlarged hands and feet. For example, you may notice that you aren't able to put on rings that used to fit, and that your shoe size has progressively increased. Acromegaly may also cause gradual changes in your face's shape, such as a protruding lower jaw and brow bone, an enlarged nose, thickened lips, and wider spacing between your teeth. Because acromegaly tends to progress slowly, early signs may not be obvious for years. Sometimes, people notice the physical changes only by comparing old photos with newer ones. Overall, acromegaly signs and symptoms tend to vary from one person to another, and may include any of the following: Enlarged hands and feet, Enlarged facial features, including the facial bones, lips, nose and tongue, Coarse, oily, thickened skin, Excessive sweating and body odor, Small outgrowths of skin tissue (skin tags), Fatigue and joint or muscle weakness, Pain and limited joint mobility, A deepened, husky voice due to enlarged vocal cords and sinuses, Severe snoring due to obstruction of the upper airway, Vision problems, Headaches, which may be persistent or severe, Menstrual cycle irregularities in women, Erectile dysfunction in men, Loss of interest in sex. When to see a doctor. If you have signs and symptoms associated with acromegaly, contact your doctor for an exam. Acromegaly usually develops slowly. Even your family members may not notice the gradual physical changes that occur with this disorder at first. But early diagnosis is important so that you can start getting proper care. Acromegaly can lead to serious health problems if it's not treated. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1607,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":22},{"id":1608,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":49,"end_offset":59},{"id":1609,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":63,"end_offset":86},{"id":1610,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":125,"end_offset":169},{"id":1611,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":185,"end_offset":222},{"id":1612,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":224,"end_offset":234},{"id":1613,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":273,"end_offset":404},{"id":1614,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":414,"end_offset":424},{"id":1615,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":522,"end_offset":538},{"id":1616,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":594,"end_offset":604},{"id":1617,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":703,"end_offset":727},{"id":1618,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":728,"end_offset":803},{"id":1619,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":805,"end_offset":833},{"id":1620,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":835,"end_offset":867},{"id":1621,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":869,"end_offset":912},{"id":1622,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":914,"end_offset":950},{"id":1623,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":952,"end_offset":983},{"id":1624,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":985,"end_offset":1048},{"id":1625,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1050,"end_offset":1103},{"id":1626,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1105,"end_offset":1120},{"id":1627,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1122,"end_offset":1166},{"id":1628,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1168,"end_offset":1207},{"id":1629,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1209,"end_offset":1236},{"id":1630,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1238,"end_offset":1261},{"id":1631,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1332,"end_offset":1342},{"id":1632,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1377,"end_offset":1387},{"id":1633,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1457,"end_offset":1481},{"id":1634,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1498,"end_offset":1511},{"id":1635,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1598,"end_offset":1608},{"id":1636,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1621,"end_offset":1644}],"relations":[{"id":646,"from_id":1608,"to_id":1609,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":647,"from_id":1612,"to_id":1613,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":648,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1617,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":649,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1630,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":650,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1629,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":651,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1628,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":652,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1627,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":653,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1626,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":654,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1625,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":655,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1624,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":656,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1623,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":657,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1622,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":658,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1621,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":659,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1620,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":660,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1619,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":661,"from_id":1616,"to_id":1618,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":662,"from_id":1635,"to_id":1636,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":663,"from_id":1634,"to_id":1633,"type":"has_symptom_R"}]}
+{"id":68,"text":"#Treatment - Acromegaly - 5A60.0\nAcromegaly treatment varies by person. Your treatment plan will likely depend on the location and size of your tumor, the severity of your symptoms, and your age and overall health. To help lower your GH and IGF-1 levels, treatment options typically include surgery or radiation to remove or reduce the size of the tumor that is causing your symptoms, and medication to help normalize your hormone levels. If you're experiencing health problems as a result of acromegaly, your doctor may recommend additional treatments to help manage your complications. Surgery. Doctors can remove most pituitary tumors using a method called transsphenoidal surgery. During this procedure, your surgeon works through your nose to remove the tumor from your pituitary gland. If the tumor causing your symptoms isn't located on your pituitary gland, your doctor will recommend another type of surgery to remove the tumor. In many cases — especially if your tumor is small — removal of the tumor returns your GH levels to normal. If the tumor was putting pressure on the tissues around your pituitary gland, removing the tumor also helps relieve headaches and vision changes. In some cases, your surgeon may not be able to remove the entire tumor. If this is the case, you may still have elevated GH levels after surgery. Your doctor may recommend another surgery, medications or radiation treatments. Medications. Your doctor may recommend one of the following medications — or a combination of medications — to help your hormone levels return to normal: Drugs that reduce growth hormone production (somatostatin analogues). In the body, a brain hormone called somatostatin works against (inhibits) GH production. The drugs octreotide (Sandostatin) and lanreotide (Somatuline Depot) are man-made (synthetic) versions of somatostatin. Taking one of these drugs signals the pituitary gland to produce less GH, and may even reduce the size of a pituitary tumor. Typically, these drugs are injected into the muscles of your buttocks (gluteal muscles) once a month by a health care professional. Drugs to lower hormone levels (dopamine agonists). The oral medications cabergoline and bromocriptine (Parlodel) may help lower levels of GH and IGF-1 in some people. These drugs may also help decrease tumor size. To treat acromegaly, these medications usually need to be taken at high doses, which can increase the risk of side effects. Common side effects of these drugs include nausea, vomiting, stuffy nose, tiredness, dizziness, sleep problems and mood changes. Drug to block the action of GH (growth hormone antagonist). The medication pegvisomant (Somavert) blocks the effect of GH on the body's tissues. Pegvisomant may be particularly helpful for people who haven't had good success with other treatments. Given as a daily injection, this medication can help lower IGF-1 levels and relieve symptoms, but it doesn't lower GH levels or reduce tumor size. Radiation. If your surgeon wasn't able to remove the whole tumor during surgery, your doctor may recommend radiation treatment. Radiation therapy destroys any lingering tumor cells and slowly reduces GH levels. It may take years for this treatment to noticeably improve acromegaly symptoms. Radiation treatment often lowers levels of other pituitary hormones, too — not just GH. If you receive radiation treatment, you'll likely need regular follow-up visits with your doctor to make sure that your pituitary gland is working properly, and to check your hormone levels. This follow-up care may last for the rest of your life. Types of radiation therapy include: Conventional radiation therapy. This type of radiation therapy is usually given every weekday over a period of four to six weeks. You may not see the full effect of conventional radiation therapy for 10 or more years after treatment. Stereotactic radiosurgery. Stereotactic radiosurgery uses 3D imaging to deliver a high dose of radiation to the tumor cells, while limiting the amount of radiation to normal surrounding tissues. It can usually be delivered in a single dose. This type of radiation may bring GH levels back to normal within five to 10 years. 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+{"id":69,"text":"#Complications - Actinic keratosis - EK90.0\nIf treated early, actinic keratosis can be cleared up or removed. If left untreated, some of these spots might progress to squamous cell carcinoma — a type of cancer that usually isn't life-threatening if detected and treated early. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1750,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":34},{"id":1751,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":62,"end_offset":80},{"id":1752,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":167,"end_offset":190},{"id":1753,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":203,"end_offset":209}],"relations":[{"id":686,"from_id":1750,"to_id":1752,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":687,"from_id":1750,"to_id":1753,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":70,"text":"#Causes - Actinic keratosis - EK90.0\nAn actinic keratosis is caused by frequent or intense exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning beds. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1754,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":27},{"id":1755,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":40,"end_offset":57},{"id":1756,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":71,"end_offset":153}],"relations":[{"id":688,"from_id":1755,"to_id":1756,"type":"caused_by_R"}]}
+{"id":71,"text":"#Overview - Actinic keratosis - EK90.0\nAn actinic keratosis (ak-TIN-ik ker-uh-TOE-sis) is a rough, scaly patch on the skin that develops from years of sun exposure. It's often found on the face, lips, ears, forearms, scalp, neck or back of the hands. Also known as a solar keratosis, an actinic keratosis grows slowly and usually first appears in people over 40. You can reduce your risk of this skin condition by minimizing your sun exposure and protecting your skin from ultraviolet (UV) rays. Left untreated, the risk of actinic keratoses turning into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma is about 5% to 10%. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1757,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":29},{"id":1758,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":42,"end_offset":86},{"id":1759,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":92,"end_offset":122},{"id":1760,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":165,"end_offset":169},{"id":1761,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":189,"end_offset":193},{"id":1762,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":199},{"id":1763,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":201,"end_offset":205},{"id":1764,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":207,"end_offset":215},{"id":1765,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":217,"end_offset":222},{"id":1766,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":224,"end_offset":228},{"id":1767,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":232,"end_offset":249},{"id":1768,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":267,"end_offset":282},{"id":1769,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":287,"end_offset":304},{"id":1770,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":347,"end_offset":361},{"id":1771,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":396,"end_offset":400},{"id":1772,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":463,"end_offset":467},{"id":1773,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":473,"end_offset":494},{"id":1774,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":524,"end_offset":541},{"id":1775,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":565,"end_offset":576},{"id":1776,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":584,"end_offset":607}],"relations":[{"id":689,"from_id":1758,"to_id":1759,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":690,"from_id":1760,"to_id":1761,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":691,"from_id":1760,"to_id":1762,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":692,"from_id":1760,"to_id":1763,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":693,"from_id":1760,"to_id":1764,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":694,"from_id":1760,"to_id":1765,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":695,"from_id":1760,"to_id":1766,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":696,"from_id":1760,"to_id":1767,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":697,"from_id":1769,"to_id":1770,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":698,"from_id":1774,"to_id":1775,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":699,"from_id":1774,"to_id":1776,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":72,"text":"#Diagnosis - Actinic keratosis - EK90.0\nYour doctor will likely be able to determine whether you have an actinic keratosis simply by examining your skin. If there's any doubt, your doctor may do other tests, such as a skin biopsy. During a skin biopsy, your doctor takes a small sample of your skin for analysis in a lab. A biopsy can usually be done in a doctor's office after a numbing injection. Even after treatment for actinic keratosis, your doctor might suggest that you have your skin checked at least once a year for signs of skin cancer. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1777,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":30},{"id":1778,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":105,"end_offset":122},{"id":1779,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":133,"end_offset":152},{"id":1780,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":201,"end_offset":206},{"id":1781,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":218,"end_offset":229},{"id":1782,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":240,"end_offset":251},{"id":1783,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":294,"end_offset":298},{"id":1784,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":324,"end_offset":330},{"id":1785,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":424,"end_offset":441},{"id":1786,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":488,"end_offset":492},{"id":1787,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":535,"end_offset":546}],"relations":[{"id":700,"from_id":1778,"to_id":1779,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":701,"from_id":1777,"to_id":1780,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":702,"from_id":1777,"to_id":1781,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":703,"from_id":1777,"to_id":1782,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":704,"from_id":1782,"to_id":1783,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":705,"from_id":1785,"to_id":1786,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":706,"from_id":1785,"to_id":1787,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":73,"text":"#Risk factors - Actinic keratosis - EK90.0\nAnyone can develop actinic keratoses. But you're at increased risk if you: Have red or blond hair and blue or light-colored eyes, Have a history of a lot of sun exposure or sunburn, Tend to freckle or burn when exposed to sunlight, Are older than 40, Live in a sunny place, Work outdoors, Have a weakened immune system. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1788,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":15,"end_offset":33},{"id":1789,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":62,"end_offset":79},{"id":1790,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":118,"end_offset":171},{"id":1791,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":173,"end_offset":223},{"id":1792,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":225,"end_offset":273},{"id":1793,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":275,"end_offset":292},{"id":1794,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":294,"end_offset":315},{"id":1795,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":317,"end_offset":330},{"id":1796,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":332,"end_offset":361}],"relations":[{"id":707,"from_id":1788,"to_id":1790,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":708,"from_id":1788,"to_id":1791,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":709,"from_id":1788,"to_id":1792,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":710,"from_id":1788,"to_id":1793,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":711,"from_id":1788,"to_id":1794,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":712,"from_id":1788,"to_id":1795,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":713,"from_id":1788,"to_id":1796,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":74,"text":"#Prevention - Actinic keratosis - EK90.0\nSun safety is necessary to help prevent development and recurrence of actinic keratosis patches and spots. Take these steps to protect your skin from the sun: Limit your time in the sun. Especially avoid time in the sun between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. And avoid staying in the sun so long that you get a sunburn or a suntan. Use sunscreen. Before spending time outdoors, even on cloudy days, apply a broad-spectrum water-resistant sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30, as the American Academy of Dermatology recommends. Use sunscreen on all exposed skin, and use lip balm with sunscreen on your lips. Apply sunscreen at least 15 minutes before going outside and reapply it every two hours — or more often if you're swimming or perspiring. Sunscreen is not recommended for babies under 6 months. Rather, keep them out of the sun if possible, or protect them with shade, hats, and clothing that covers the arms and legs.  Cover up. For extra protection from the sun, wear tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs. Also wear a broad-brimmed hat, which provides more protection than does a baseball cap or golf visor. Avoid tanning beds. The Ultraviolet (UV) exposure from a tanning bed can cause just as much skin damage as a tan acquired from the sun. Check your skin regularly and report changes to your doctor. Examine your skin regularly, looking for the development of new skin growths or changes in existing moles, freckles, bumps and birthmarks. With the help of mirrors, check your face, neck, ears and scalp. Examine the tops and undersides of your arms and hands. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1797,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":31},{"id":1798,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":41,"end_offset":51},{"id":1799,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":111,"end_offset":128},{"id":1800,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":200,"end_offset":226},{"id":1801,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":292,"end_offset":359},{"id":1802,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":361,"end_offset":374},{"id":1803,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":436,"end_offset":511},{"id":1804,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":583,"end_offset":592},{"id":1805,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":622,"end_offset":630},{"id":1806,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":660,"end_offset":716},{"id":1807,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":903,"end_offset":976},{"id":1808,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1024,"end_offset":1082},{"id":1809,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1089,"end_offset":1113},{"id":1810,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1186,"end_offset":1204},{"id":1811,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1206,"end_offset":1235},{"id":1812,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1278,"end_offset":1289},{"id":1813,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1333,"end_offset":1337},{"id":1814,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1396,"end_offset":1400},{"id":1815,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1447,"end_offset":1451},{"id":1816,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1559,"end_offset":1563},{"id":1817,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1565,"end_offset":1569},{"id":1818,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1580,"end_offset":1585},{"id":1819,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1627,"end_offset":1631},{"id":1820,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1636,"end_offset":1641}],"relations":[{"id":714,"from_id":1799,"to_id":1798,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":715,"from_id":1797,"to_id":1811,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":716,"from_id":1797,"to_id":1800,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":717,"from_id":1797,"to_id":1801,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":718,"from_id":1797,"to_id":1802,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":719,"from_id":1797,"to_id":1803,"type":"has_precaution_R"}]}
+{"id":75,"text":"#Treatment - Actinic keratosis - EK90.0\nAn actinic keratosis sometimes disappears on its own but might return after more sun exposure. It's hard to tell which actinic keratoses will develop into skin cancer, so they're usually removed as a precaution. Medications. If you have several actinic keratoses, your doctor might prescribe a medicated cream or gel to remove them, such as fluorouracil (Carac, Fluoroplex, others), imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara), ingenol mebutate or diclofenac (Solaraze). These products might cause redness, scaling or a burning sensation for a few weeks. Surgical and other procedures. Many methods are used to remove actinic keratosis, including: Freezing (cryotherapy). Actinic keratoses can be removed by freezing them with liquid nitrogen. Your doctor applies the substance to the affected skin, which causes blistering or peeling. As your skin heals, the damaged cells slough off, allowing new skin to appear. Cryotherapy is the most common treatment. It takes only a few minutes and can be done in your doctor's office. Side effects may include blisters, scarring, changes to skin texture, infection and changes in skin color of the affected area. Scraping (curettage). In this procedure, your doctor uses a device called a curet to scrape off damaged cells. Scraping may be followed by electrosurgery, in which the doctor uses a pencil-shaped instrument to cut and destroy the affected tissue with an electric current. This procedure requires local anesthesia. Side effects may include infection, scarring and changes in skin color of the affected area. Laser therapy. This technique is increasingly used to treat actinic keratosis. Your doctor uses an ablative laser device to destroy the patch, allowing new skin to appear. Side effects may include scarring and discoloration of the affected skin. Photodynamic therapy. Your doctor might apply a light-sensitive chemical solution to the affected skin and then expose it to a special light that will destroy the actinic keratosis. Side effects may include redness, swelling and a burning sensation during therapy. 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+{"id":76,"text":"#Symptoms - Actinic keratosis - EK90.0\nActinic keratoses vary in appearance. Signs and symptoms include: Rough, dry or scaly patch of skin, usually less than 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter, Flat to slightly raised patch or bump on the top layer of skin, In some cases, a hard, wartlike surface, Color variations, including pink, red or brown, Itching, burning, bleeding or crusting, New patches or bumps on sun-exposed areas of the head, neck, hands and forearms. When to see a doctor. It can be difficult to distinguish between noncancerous spots and cancerous ones. So it's best to have new skin changes evaluated by a doctor — especially if a scaly spot or patch persists, grows or bleeds. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1881,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":29},{"id":1882,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":39,"end_offset":56},{"id":1883,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":105,"end_offset":194},{"id":1884,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":196,"end_offset":258},{"id":1885,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":275,"end_offset":299},{"id":1886,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":301,"end_offset":347},{"id":1887,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":349,"end_offset":387},{"id":1888,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":389,"end_offset":468},{"id":1889,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":599,"end_offset":603},{"id":1890,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":650,"end_offset":697}],"relations":[{"id":736,"from_id":1881,"to_id":1883,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":737,"from_id":1881,"to_id":1884,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":738,"from_id":1881,"to_id":1885,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":739,"from_id":1881,"to_id":1886,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":740,"from_id":1881,"to_id":1887,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":741,"from_id":1881,"to_id":1888,"type":"has_symptom_R"}]}

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+{"id":77,"text":"#Causes - Acute coronary syndrome - BA4Z\nAcute coronary syndrome usually results from the buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) in and on the walls of coronary arteries, the blood vessels delivering oxygen and nutrients to heart muscles. When a plaque deposit ruptures or splits, a blood clot forms. This clot blocks the flow of blood to heart muscles. When the supply of oxygen to cells is too low, cells of the heart muscles can die. The death of cells — resulting in damage to muscle tissues — is a heart attack (myocardial infarction). Even when there is no cell death, the decrease in oxygen still results in heart muscles that don't work the way they should. This change may be temporary or permanent. When acute coronary syndrome doesn't result in cell death, it is called unstable angina. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1891,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":33},{"id":1892,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":41,"end_offset":64},{"id":1893,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":86,"end_offset":166},{"id":1894,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":168,"end_offset":234},{"id":1895,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":243,"end_offset":276},{"id":1896,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":278,"end_offset":296},{"id":1897,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":298,"end_offset":307},{"id":1898,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":336,"end_offset":349},{"id":1899,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":351,"end_offset":396},{"id":1900,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":398,"end_offset":424},{"id":1901,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":434,"end_offset":452},{"id":1902,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":468,"end_offset":492},{"id":1903,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":500,"end_offset":536},{"id":1904,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":560,"end_offset":564},{"id":1905,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":612,"end_offset":625},{"id":1906,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":711,"end_offset":734},{"id":1907,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":753,"end_offset":763},{"id":1908,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":778,"end_offset":793}],"relations":[{"id":742,"from_id":1892,"to_id":1893,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":743,"from_id":1891,"to_id":1899,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":744,"from_id":1892,"to_id":1894,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":745,"from_id":1903,"to_id":1901,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":746,"from_id":1903,"to_id":1902,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":747,"from_id":1906,"to_id":1908,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":78,"text":"#Diagnosis - Acute coronary syndrome - BA4Z\nIf you have signs or symptoms associated with acute coronary syndrome, an emergency room doctor will likely order several tests. Some tests may be done while your doctor is asking you questions about your symptoms or medical history. Tests include: Electrocardiogram (ECG). Electrodes attached to your skin measure the electrical activity in your heart. Abnormal or irregular impulses can mean your heart is not working properly due to a lack of oxygen. Certain patterns in electrical signals may show the general location of a blockage. The test may be repeated several times. Blood tests. Certain enzymes may be detected in the blood if cell death has resulted in damage to heart tissue. A positive result indicates a heart attack. The information from these two tests — as well as your signs and symptoms — is used to make a primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Your doctor can use the information to determine whether your condition can be classified as a heart attack or unstable angina. Other tests may be done to learn more about your condition, rule out other causes of symptoms, or to help your doctor personalize your diagnosis and treatment. Coronary angiogram. This procedure uses X-ray imaging to see your heart's blood vessels. A long, tiny tube (catheter) is threaded through an artery, usually in your arm or groin, to the arteries in your heart. A dye flows through the tube into your arteries. A series of X-rays show how the dye moves through your arteries, revealing any blockages or narrowing. The catheter may also be used for treatments. Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses sound waves, directed at your heart from a wand-like device, to produce a live image of your heart. An echocardiogram can help determine whether the heart is pumping correctly. Myocardial perfusion imaging. This test shows how well blood flows through your heart muscle. A tiny, safe amount of radioactive substance is injected into your blood. A specialized camera takes images of the substance's path through your heart. They show your doctor whether enough blood is flowing through heart muscles and where blood flow is reduced. Computerized tomography (CT) angiogram. A computerized tomography (CT) angiogram uses a specialized X-ray technology that can produce multiple images — cross-sectional 2-D slices — of your heart. These images can detect narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. Stress test. A stress test reveals how well your heart works when you exercise. In some cases, you may receive a medication to increase your heart rate rather than exercising. This test is done only when there are no signs of acute coronary syndrome or another life-threatening heart condition when you are at rest. During the stress test, an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram or myocardial perfusion imaging may be used to see how well your heart works. 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+{"id":79,"text":"#Risk factors - Acute coronary syndrome - BA4Z\nThe risk factors for acute coronary syndrome are the same as those for other types of heart disease. Acute coronary syndrome risk factors include: Aging, High blood pressure, High blood cholesterol, Cigarette smoking, Lack of physical activity, Unhealthy diet, Obesity or overweight, Diabetes, Family history of chest pain, heart disease or stroke, History of high blood pressure, preeclampsia or diabetes during pregnancy, COVID-19 infection. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1972,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":39},{"id":1973,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":68,"end_offset":91},{"id":1974,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":133,"end_offset":146},{"id":1975,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":148,"end_offset":171},{"id":1976,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":194,"end_offset":199},{"id":1977,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":201,"end_offset":220},{"id":1978,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":222,"end_offset":244},{"id":1979,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":246,"end_offset":263},{"id":1980,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":265,"end_offset":290},{"id":1981,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":292,"end_offset":306},{"id":1982,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":308,"end_offset":329},{"id":1983,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":331,"end_offset":339},{"id":1984,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":341,"end_offset":369},{"id":1985,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":371,"end_offset":394},{"id":1986,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":396,"end_offset":426},{"id":1987,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":428,"end_offset":469},{"id":1988,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":471,"end_offset":489}],"relations":[{"id":766,"from_id":1973,"to_id":1974,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":767,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1976,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":768,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1977,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":769,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1978,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":770,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1979,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":771,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1980,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":772,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1981,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":773,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1982,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":774,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1983,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":775,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1984,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":776,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1985,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":777,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1986,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":778,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1987,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":779,"from_id":1975,"to_id":1988,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":80,"text":"#Overview - Acute coronary syndrome - BA4Z\nAcute coronary syndrome is a term used to describe a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart. One such condition is a heart attack (myocardial infarction) — when cell death results in damaged or destroyed heart tissue. Even when acute coronary syndrome causes no cell death, the reduced blood flow changes how your heart works and is a sign of a high risk of heart attack. Acute coronary syndrome often causes severe chest pain or discomfort. It is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and care. The goals of treatment include improving blood flow, treating complications and preventing future problems. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":1989,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":35},{"id":1990,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":43,"end_offset":66},{"id":1991,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":140,"end_offset":171},{"id":1992,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":197,"end_offset":233},{"id":1993,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":241,"end_offset":296},{"id":1994,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":308,"end_offset":331},{"id":1995,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":342,"end_offset":352},{"id":1996,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":376},{"id":1997,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":438,"end_offset":450},{"id":1998,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":452,"end_offset":475},{"id":1999,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":489,"end_offset":520}],"relations":[{"id":780,"from_id":1990,"to_id":1991,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":781,"from_id":1998,"to_id":1999,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":81,"text":"#Treatment - Acute coronary syndrome - BA4Z\nThe immediate goals of treatment for acute coronary syndrome are: Relieve pain and distress, Improve blood flow, Restore heart function as quickly and as best as possible. Long-term treatment goals are to improve overall heart function, manage risk factors and lower the risk of a heart attack. A combination of drugs and surgical procedures may be used to meet these goals. Medications. Depending on your diagnosis, medications for emergency or ongoing care (or both) may include the following: Thrombolytics (clot busters) help dissolve a blood clot that's blocking an artery. Nitroglycerin improves blood flow by temporarily widening blood vessels. Antiplatelet drugs help prevent blood clots from forming and include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Effient) and others. Beta blockers help relax your heart muscle and slow your heart rate. They decrease the demand on your heart and lower blood pressure. Examples include metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL) and nadolol (Corgard). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors widen blood vessels and improve blood flow, allowing the heart to work better. They include lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), benazepril (Lotensin) and others. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) help control blood pressure and include irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar) and several others. Statins lower the amount of cholesterol moving in the blood and may stabilize plaque deposits, making them less likely to rupture. Statins include atorvastatin (Lipitor), simvastatin (Zocor, Flolipid) and several others. Surgery and other procedures. Your doctor may recommend one of these procedures to restore blood flow to your heart muscles: Angioplasty and stenting. In this procedure, your doctor inserts a long, tiny tube (catheter) into the blocked or narrowed part of your artery. A wire with a deflated balloon is passed through the catheter to the narrowed area. The balloon is then inflated, opening the artery by compressing the plaque deposits against your artery walls. A mesh tube (stent) is usually left in the artery to help keep the artery open. Coronary bypass surgery. With this procedure, a surgeon takes a piece of blood vessel (graft) from another part of your body and creates a new route for blood that goes around (bypasses) a blocked coronary artery. Lifestyle and home remedies. Heart healthy lifestyle changes are an important part of heart attack prevention. Recommendations include the following: Don't smoke. If you smoke, quit. Talk to your doctor if you need help quitting. Also, avoid secondhand smoke. Eat a heart-healthy diet. Eat a diet with lots of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and moderate amounts of low-fat dairy and lean meats. Be active. Get regular exercise and stay physically active. If you have not been exercising regularly, talk to your doctor about the best exercise to begin a healthy and safe routine. Check your cholesterol. Have your blood cholesterol levels checked regularly at your doctor's office. Avoid high-fat, high-cholesterol meat and dairy. If your doctor has prescribed a statin or other cholesterol-lowering medication, take it daily as directed by your doctor. Control your blood pressure. Have your blood pressure checked regularly as recommended by your doctor. Take blood pressure medicine daily as recommended. Maintain a healthy weight. Excess weight strains your heart and can contribute to high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and other conditions. Manage stress. To reduce your risk of a heart attack, reduce stress in your day-to-day activities. Rethink work habits and find healthy ways to minimize or deal with stressful events in your life. Talk to your doctor or a mental health care professional if you need help managing stress. Drink alcohol in moderation. If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. Drinking more than one to two alcoholic drinks a day can raise blood pressure. 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+{"id":82,"text":"#Symptoms - Acute coronary syndrome - BA4Z\nThe signs and symptoms of acute coronary syndrome usually begin abruptly. They include: Chest pain (angina) or discomfort, often described as aching, pressure, tightness or burning, Pain spreading from the chest to the shoulders, arms, upper abdomen, back, neck or jaw, Nausea or vomiting, Indigestion, Shortness of breath (dyspnea), Sudden, heavy sweating (diaphoresis), Lightheadedness, dizziness or fainting, Unusual or unexplained fatigue, Feeling restless or apprehensive. Chest pain or discomfort is the most common symptom. However, signs and symptoms may vary significantly depending on your age, sex and other medical conditions. You're more likely to have signs and symptoms without chest pain or discomfort if you're a woman, older adult or have diabetes. When to see a doctor. Acute coronary syndrome is a medical emergency. Chest pain or discomfort can be a sign of any number of life-threatening conditions. Get emergency help for a prompt diagnosis and appropriate care. Do not drive yourself to the hospital. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":2084,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":35},{"id":2085,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":69,"end_offset":92},{"id":2086,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":223},{"id":2087,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":225,"end_offset":311},{"id":2088,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":313,"end_offset":331},{"id":2089,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":333,"end_offset":344},{"id":2090,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":346,"end_offset":375},{"id":2091,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":377,"end_offset":413},{"id":2092,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":415,"end_offset":453},{"id":2093,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":455,"end_offset":485},{"id":2094,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":487,"end_offset":519},{"id":2095,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":521,"end_offset":545},{"id":2096,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":736,"end_offset":760},{"id":2097,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":800,"end_offset":808},{"id":2098,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":832,"end_offset":855},{"id":2099,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":880,"end_offset":904},{"id":2100,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":936,"end_offset":963}],"relations":[{"id":813,"from_id":2084,"to_id":2086,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":814,"from_id":2084,"to_id":2087,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":815,"from_id":2084,"to_id":2088,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":816,"from_id":2084,"to_id":2089,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":817,"from_id":2084,"to_id":2090,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":818,"from_id":2084,"to_id":2091,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":819,"from_id":2084,"to_id":2092,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":820,"from_id":2084,"to_id":2093,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":821,"from_id":2084,"to_id":2094,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":822,"from_id":2084,"to_id":2095,"type":"has_symptom_R"}]}

Annotated_Text/test/Acute_flaccid_myelitis_(AFM)-1C81.jsonl

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+{"id":83,"text":"#Causes - Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) - 1C81\nAcute flaccid myelitis might be caused by an infection with a type of virus known as an enterovirus. Respiratory illnesses and fever from enteroviruses are common — especially in children. Most people recover. It's not clear why some people with an enterovirus infection develop acute flaccid myelitis. In the United States many viruses, including enteroviruses, circulate between August and November. This is when acute flaccid myelitis outbreaks tend to occur. The symptoms of acute flaccid myelitis can look similar to those of the viral disease polio. But none of the acute flaccid myelitis cases in the United States have been caused by poliovirus. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":2101,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":37},{"id":2102,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":46,"end_offset":68},{"id":2103,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":145},{"id":2104,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":146,"end_offset":178},{"id":2105,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":184,"end_offset":197},{"id":2106,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":295,"end_offset":316},{"id":2107,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":325,"end_offset":347},{"id":2108,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":375,"end_offset":382},{"id":2109,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":394,"end_offset":407},{"id":2110,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":461,"end_offset":483},{"id":2111,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":525,"end_offset":547},{"id":2112,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":577,"end_offset":600},{"id":2113,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":614,"end_offset":640},{"id":2114,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":688,"end_offset":698}],"relations":[{"id":823,"from_id":2102,"to_id":2103,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":824,"from_id":2107,"to_id":2106,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":825,"from_id":2113,"to_id":2114,"type":"caused_by_R"}]}
+{"id":84,"text":"#Complications - Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) - 1C81\nMuscle weakness caused by acute flaccid myelitis can continue for months to years. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":2115,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":45},{"id":2116,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":68},{"id":2117,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":79,"end_offset":101}],"relations":[{"id":826,"from_id":2117,"to_id":2116,"type":"has_complication_R"}]}
+{"id":85,"text":"#Diagnosis - Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) - 1C81\nTo diagnose acute flaccid myelitis, the doctor starts with a thorough medical history and physical exam. The doctor might recommend: Examining the nervous system. The doctor examines the places on the body where you or your child has weakness, poor muscle tone and decreased reflexes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This imaging test allows the doctor to look at the brain and spinal cord. Lab tests. The doctor might take samples of the fluid around the brain and spinal cord (cerebrospinal fluid), respiratory fluid, blood, and stool for lab testing. A nerve check. This test can check how fast an electrical impulse moves through the nerves and the response of muscles to messages from the nerves. Acute flaccid myelitis can be hard to diagnose because it shares many of the same symptoms as other neurological diseases, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome. These tests can help distinguish acute flaccid myelitis from other conditions. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":2118,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":41},{"id":2119,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":61,"end_offset":83},{"id":2120,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":139,"end_offset":152},{"id":2121,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":182,"end_offset":191},{"id":2122,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":196,"end_offset":211},{"id":2123,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":246,"end_offset":254},{"id":2124,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":273,"end_offset":291},{"id":2125,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":293,"end_offset":309},{"id":2126,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":314,"end_offset":332},{"id":2127,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":334,"end_offset":366},{"id":2128,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":368,"end_offset":372},{"id":2129,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":415,"end_offset":424},{"id":2130,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":429,"end_offset":440},{"id":2131,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":442,"end_offset":451},{"id":2132,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":503,"end_offset":512},{"id":2133,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":517,"end_offset":550},{"id":2134,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":552,"end_offset":569},{"id":2135,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":582,"end_offset":587},{"id":2136,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":605,"end_offset":618},{"id":2137,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":620,"end_offset":629},{"id":2138,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":689,"end_offset":696},{"id":2139,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":716,"end_offset":724},{"id":2140,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":745,"end_offset":751},{"id":2141,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":753,"end_offset":775},{"id":2142,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":853,"end_offset":907},{"id":2143,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":909,"end_offset":920},{"id":2144,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":942,"end_offset":964}],"relations":[{"id":827,"from_id":2119,"to_id":2120,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":828,"from_id":2128,"to_id":2129,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":829,"from_id":2128,"to_id":2130,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":830,"from_id":2131,"to_id":2132,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":831,"from_id":2131,"to_id":2133,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":832,"from_id":2131,"to_id":2135,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":833,"from_id":2131,"to_id":2134,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":834,"from_id":2137,"to_id":2138,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":835,"from_id":2137,"to_id":2139,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":836,"from_id":2141,"to_id":2142,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":837,"from_id":2144,"to_id":2143,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":838,"from_id":2121,"to_id":2122,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"}]}
+{"id":86,"text":"#Overview - Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) - 1C81\nAcute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a rare but serious condition that affects the spinal cord. It can cause sudden weakness in the arms or legs, loss of muscle tone, and loss of reflexes. The condition mainly affects young children. Most children have a mild respiratory illness or fever caused by a viral infection about one to four weeks before developing symptoms of acute flaccid myelitis. If you or your child develops symptoms of acute flaccid myelitis, seek immediate medical care. Symptoms can progress rapidly. Hospitalization is needed and sometimes a ventilator is required for breathing support. Since experts began tracking acute flaccid myelitis following initial clusters in 2014, outbreaks in the United States have occurred in 2016 and 2018. Outbreaks tend to occur between August and November. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":2145,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":40},{"id":2146,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":76},{"id":2147,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":126,"end_offset":137},{"id":2148,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":152,"end_offset":187},{"id":2149,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":189,"end_offset":208},{"id":2150,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":214,"end_offset":230},{"id":2151,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":261,"end_offset":275},{"id":2152,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":298,"end_offset":331},{"id":2153,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":344,"end_offset":359},{"id":2154,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":414,"end_offset":436},{"id":2155,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":480,"end_offset":502},{"id":2156,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":519,"end_offset":531},{"id":2157,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":564,"end_offset":580},{"id":2158,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":681,"end_offset":703}],"relations":[{"id":839,"from_id":2146,"to_id":2147,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":840,"from_id":2154,"to_id":2153,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":841,"from_id":2154,"to_id":2152,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":842,"from_id":2156,"to_id":2155,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}]}
+{"id":87,"text":"#Prevention - Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) - 1C81\nThere's no specific way to prevent acute flaccid myelitis. However, preventing a viral infection can help reduce the risk of developing acute flaccid myelitis. Take these steps to help protect yourself or your child from getting or spreading a viral infection: Wash your hands often with soap and water. Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands. Avoid close contact with people who are sick. Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces. Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue or upper shirt sleeve. Keep sick children at home. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":2159,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":42},{"id":2160,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":85,"end_offset":107},{"id":2161,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":146},{"id":2162,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":186,"end_offset":208},{"id":2163,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":292,"end_offset":309},{"id":2164,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":311,"end_offset":352},{"id":2165,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":398},{"id":2166,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":400,"end_offset":444},{"id":2167,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":446,"end_offset":493},{"id":2168,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":495,"end_offset":555},{"id":2169,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":557,"end_offset":583}],"relations":[{"id":843,"from_id":2159,"to_id":2164,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":844,"from_id":2159,"to_id":2165,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":845,"from_id":2159,"to_id":2166,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":846,"from_id":2159,"to_id":2167,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":847,"from_id":2159,"to_id":2168,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":848,"from_id":2159,"to_id":2169,"type":"has_precaution_R"}]}
+{"id":88,"text":"#Risk factors - Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) - 1C81\nAcute flaccid myelitis mainly affects young children. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":2170,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":44},{"id":2171,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":52,"end_offset":74},{"id":2172,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":90,"end_offset":104}],"relations":[{"id":849,"from_id":2171,"to_id":2172,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}]}
+{"id":89,"text":"#Symptoms - Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) - 1C81\nThe most common signs and symptoms of acute flaccid myelitis include: Sudden arm or leg weakness, Sudden loss of muscle tone, Sudden loss of reflexes. Other possible signs and symptoms include: Difficulty moving the eyes or drooping eyelids, Facial droop or weakness, Difficulty with swallowing or slurred speech, Pain in the arms, legs, neck or back. Uncommon symptoms might include: Numbness or tingling, Inability to pass urine. Severe symptoms involve respiratory failure, due to the muscles involved in breathing becoming weak. It's also possible to experience life-threatening body temperature changes and blood pressure instability. When to see a doctor. If you or your child has any of the signs or symptoms listed above, seek medical care as soon as possible. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":2173,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":40},{"id":2174,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":86,"end_offset":108},{"id":2175,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":118,"end_offset":144},{"id":2176,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":146,"end_offset":172},{"id":2177,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":174,"end_offset":197},{"id":2178,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":242,"end_offset":288},{"id":2179,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":290,"end_offset":314},{"id":2180,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":316,"end_offset":360},{"id":2181,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":362,"end_offset":398},{"id":2182,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":433,"end_offset":453},{"id":2183,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":455,"end_offset":478},{"id":2184,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":504,"end_offset":523},{"id":2185,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":536,"end_offset":579},{"id":2186,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":614,"end_offset":655},{"id":2187,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":660,"end_offset":686}],"relations":[{"id":850,"from_id":2174,"to_id":2175,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":851,"from_id":2174,"to_id":2176,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":852,"from_id":2174,"to_id":2177,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":853,"from_id":2173,"to_id":2178,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":854,"from_id":2173,"to_id":2179,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":855,"from_id":2173,"to_id":2180,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":856,"from_id":2173,"to_id":2181,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":857,"from_id":2173,"to_id":2182,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":858,"from_id":2173,"to_id":2183,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":859,"from_id":2173,"to_id":2184,"type":"has_symptom_R"}]}
+{"id":90,"text":"#Treatment - Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) - 1C81\nCurrently, there is no specific treatment for acute flaccid myelitis. Treatment is aimed at managing symptoms. A doctor who specializes in treating brain and spinal cord illnesses (neurologist) might recommend physical or occupational therapy to help with arm or leg weakness. If physical therapy is started during the initial phase of the illness, it might improve long-term recovery. The doctor might also recommend treatment with immunoglobulin that contains healthy antibodies from healthy donors, drugs that lower inflammation in the body (corticosteroids) or antiviral drugs. Or the doctor might recommend a treatment that removes and replaces blood plasma (plasma exchange). However, it's not clear whether these treatments have any benefits. Sometimes nerve and muscle transfer surgeries are done to improve limb function. ","Comments":[],"entities":[{"id":2188,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":42},{"id":2189,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":117},{"id":2190,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":197,"end_offset":202},{"id":2191,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":207,"end_offset":228},{"id":2192,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":259,"end_offset":291},{"id":2193,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":305,"end_offset":324},{"id":2194,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":329,"end_offset":345},{"id":2195,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":385,"end_offset":396},{"id":2196,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":482,"end_offset":496},{"id":2197,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":511,"end_offset":529},{"id":2198,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":551,"end_offset":556},{"id":2199,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":593,"end_offset":629},{"id":2200,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":678,"end_offset":729},{"id":2201,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":809,"end_offset":844},{"id":2202,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":865,"end_offset":869}],"relations":[{"id":860,"from_id":2196,"to_id":2197,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":861,"from_id":2201,"to_id":2202,"type":"surgery_on_R"},{"id":862,"from_id":2192,"to_id":2188,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":863,"from_id":2194,"to_id":2188,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":864,"from_id":2196,"to_id":2188,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":865,"from_id":2199,"to_id":2188,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":866,"from_id":2200,"to_id":2188,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":867,"from_id":2201,"to_id":2188,"type":"surgery_for_R"}]}

Annotated_Text/train/Abdominal_Pain-MD81.Z.jsonl

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+{"id":248,"text":"#Diagnosis - Abdominal Pain - MD81.4\nGenerally abdominal pain goes with time, but if the pain does not subside, then one should seek medical help: Abdominal discomfort that lasts 1 week or longer, Abdominal pain that does not improve in 24 - 48 hours, or becomes more severe and frequent and occurs with nausea and vomiting, Bloating that persists for more than 2 days, Burning sensation or increase in frequency on urination, Diarrhoea for more than 5 daysFever (over 100°F for adults or 100.4°F for children) with pain, Prolonged poor appetite, Prolonged vaginal bleeding, Unexplained weight loss.","entities":[{"id":4907,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":27},{"id":4910,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":47,"end_offset":61},{"id":4913,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":89,"end_offset":94},{"id":4926,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":147,"end_offset":195},{"id":4930,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":197,"end_offset":323},{"id":4932,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":325,"end_offset":368},{"id":4934,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":370,"end_offset":425},{"id":4936,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":427,"end_offset":520},{"id":4941,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":522,"end_offset":545},{"id":4945,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":547,"end_offset":573},{"id":4947,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":575,"end_offset":598}],"relations":[{"id":1886,"from_id":4910,"to_id":4913,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":1889,"from_id":4910,"to_id":4926,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1890,"from_id":4910,"to_id":4930,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1891,"from_id":4910,"to_id":4932,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1892,"from_id":4910,"to_id":4934,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1893,"from_id":4910,"to_id":4936,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1895,"from_id":4910,"to_id":4941,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1896,"from_id":4910,"to_id":4945,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1897,"from_id":4910,"to_id":4947,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":249,"text":"#Overview - Abdominal Pain - MD81.4\nAbdominal pain can be felt anywhere between thorax ( chest ) and pelvis.  Pain could be mild, moderate or severe. It may be dull or acute. Almost everyone has experienced abdominal pain, one time or other.  Most of the time, stomach pain is not serious, but severe abdominal pain is a cause of concern.  If pain starts suddenly and unexpectedly, it should be regarded as an emergency, and investigated accordingly.","entities":[{"id":4900,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":26},{"id":4902,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":36,"end_offset":50},{"id":4905,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":80,"end_offset":96},{"id":4906,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":101,"end_offset":107},{"id":4912,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":110,"end_offset":114},{"id":4915,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":207,"end_offset":221},{"id":4917,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":261,"end_offset":273},{"id":4918,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":301,"end_offset":315},{"id":4919,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":343,"end_offset":347}],"relations":[{"id":1875,"from_id":4902,"to_id":4905,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":1876,"from_id":4902,"to_id":4906,"type":"affects_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":251,"text":"#Treatment - Abdominal Pain - MD81.4\nGenerally, treatment for abdominal pain depends upon its cause. Treatment usually is with medications for inflammation of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or Ulcers, Use antibiotics in case of infections, Modify your eating habits, Surgical treatment is indicated in conditions like appendicitis or hernia (inguinal and umbilical). Seek doctors advice before going in for any treatment.","entities":[{"id":4921,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":27},{"id":4922,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":62,"end_offset":76},{"id":4923,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":127,"end_offset":138},{"id":4931,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":213,"end_offset":224},{"id":4933,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":236,"end_offset":246},{"id":4935,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":248,"end_offset":273},{"id":4937,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":275,"end_offset":293},{"id":4940,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":326,"end_offset":338},{"id":4942,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":342,"end_offset":373},{"id":4959,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":207}],"relations":[{"id":1908,"from_id":4923,"to_id":4921,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1909,"from_id":4931,"to_id":4921,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1910,"from_id":4937,"to_id":4921,"type":"surgery_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":252,"text":"#Causes - Abdominal Pain - MD81.4\nVarious conditions are associated with abdominal pain. Causes of abdominal pain include: Constipation, Irritable bowel syndrome, Food allergy, Food poisoning, Menstrual pain. Sudden, severe abdominal pain: Abdominal infection, Appendicitis, A perforated peptic ulcer, Gallstones, Kidney stones, Diverticulitis : Inflammation of small pouches that are part of the bowel. Other common causes in adults are: Irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, Urinary tract infection, Long term Peptic ulcer, Constipation, Heartburn and acid reflux. Common Causes in children: Constipation, Urinary tract Infection, Anxiety, Heartburn and acid reflux.\n","entities":[{"id":4903,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":73,"end_offset":87},{"id":4904,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":99,"end_offset":113},{"id":4908,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":123,"end_offset":135},{"id":4909,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":137,"end_offset":161},{"id":4911,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":163,"end_offset":175},{"id":4914,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":177,"end_offset":191},{"id":4920,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":193,"end_offset":207},{"id":4924,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":24},{"id":4928,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":217,"end_offset":238},{"id":4938,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":240,"end_offset":259},{"id":4939,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":261,"end_offset":273},{"id":4943,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":277,"end_offset":299},{"id":4944,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":302,"end_offset":312},{"id":4946,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":314,"end_offset":327},{"id":4948,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":329,"end_offset":343},{"id":4949,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":439,"end_offset":463},{"id":4950,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":465,"end_offset":480},{"id":4951,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":482,"end_offset":505},{"id":4952,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":507,"end_offset":529},{"id":4953,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":531,"end_offset":543},{"id":4954,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":545,"end_offset":570},{"id":4955,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":599,"end_offset":611},{"id":4956,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":613,"end_offset":636},{"id":4957,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":638,"end_offset":645},{"id":4958,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":647,"end_offset":672}],"relations":[{"id":1878,"from_id":4904,"to_id":4908,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1879,"from_id":4904,"to_id":4909,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1880,"from_id":4904,"to_id":4911,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1881,"from_id":4904,"to_id":4914,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1882,"from_id":4904,"to_id":4920,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1883,"from_id":4928,"to_id":4938,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1884,"from_id":4928,"to_id":4939,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1885,"from_id":4928,"to_id":4943,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1887,"from_id":4928,"to_id":4944,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1888,"from_id":4928,"to_id":4946,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1894,"from_id":4928,"to_id":4948,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1898,"from_id":4924,"to_id":4949,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1899,"from_id":4924,"to_id":4950,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1900,"from_id":4924,"to_id":4951,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1901,"from_id":4924,"to_id":4952,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1902,"from_id":4924,"to_id":4953,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1903,"from_id":4924,"to_id":4954,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1904,"from_id":4924,"to_id":4955,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1905,"from_id":4924,"to_id":4956,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1906,"from_id":4924,"to_id":4957,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1907,"from_id":4924,"to_id":4958,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":253,"text":"#Symptoms - Abdominal Pain - MD81.4\nPain in abdomen can be of various intensities and nature. It can be: Sharp, stabbing cramp like pain, Brief pain that may come or go, Pain associated with vomiting.","entities":[{"id":4894,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":26},{"id":4895,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":44,"end_offset":51},{"id":4896,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":105,"end_offset":136},{"id":4897,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":94,"end_offset":96},{"id":4898,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":138,"end_offset":168},{"id":4899,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":170,"end_offset":199},{"id":4916,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":36,"end_offset":40}],"relations":[{"id":1871,"from_id":4894,"to_id":4895,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":1872,"from_id":4897,"to_id":4896,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1873,"from_id":4897,"to_id":4898,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1874,"from_id":4897,"to_id":4899,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1877,"from_id":4916,"to_id":4895,"type":"influence_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Abducens_nerve_Palsy-9C81.2.jsonl

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+{"id":426,"text":"#Causes - Abducens nerve Palsy - 9C81.2\nThe causes of Abducens nerve palsy are varied. Common aetiologies in children are Congenital, Raised intracranial pressure, Trauma, Tumour, Infection. In addition to the aetiologies seen in children, adults are affected by vasculopathies (most common acquired causes) also, such as Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension. Other conditions include Disorders of subarachnoid space, Cavernous sinus syndrome, Orbital apex syndrome.","entities":[{"id":7628,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":30},{"id":7629,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":54,"end_offset":74},{"id":7631,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":134,"end_offset":162},{"id":7633,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":172,"end_offset":178},{"id":7634,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":180,"end_offset":189},{"id":7635,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":94,"end_offset":105},{"id":7636,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":210,"end_offset":221},{"id":7638,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":322,"end_offset":339},{"id":7642,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":439,"end_offset":460},{"id":7637,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":263,"end_offset":277},{"id":7639,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":341,"end_offset":353},{"id":7630,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":122,"end_offset":132},{"id":7632,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":164,"end_offset":170},{"id":7640,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":380,"end_offset":411},{"id":7641,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":413,"end_offset":437}],"relations":[{"id":3339,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7635,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3340,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7630,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3343,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7633,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3345,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7636,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3348,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7639,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3351,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7642,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3341,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7631,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3342,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7632,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3344,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7634,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3346,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7637,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3347,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7638,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3349,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7640,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3350,"from_id":7628,"to_id":7641,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":427,"text":"#Diagnosis - Abducens nerve Palsy - 9C81.2\nPatients with CN VI paresis present with esotropia (inward deviation) of the affected eye. Outward movement beyond primary position or midline is lost or reduced. Patients presenting with partial or mild palsy adopt posture with head turn toward the affected side to minimise diplopia by keeping the affected eye adducted (inward movement). Severe cases may shut the eye or cover it to avoid diplopia. Presentation depends upon the aetiology. Congenital CN VI palsy may present with congenital esotropia reported to occur about six to eight weeks of life. Most cases without peripheral misdirection of nerves are transient and probably are due to perinatal trauma. There are two types of transient CN VI palsy: Neonatal esotropia with an obvious unilateral abduction deficit, Neonatal esotropia with no obvious unilateral abduction deficit. Acquired CN VI palsy may be due to varied aetiology: Benign recurrent CN VI palsy in children may occur after benign acute viral sickness or immunisation. This is an isolated condition with acute onset, and is associated with restriction of abduction.","entities":[{"id":7646,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":231,"end_offset":266},{"id":7647,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":475,"end_offset":484},{"id":7648,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":486,"end_offset":508},{"id":7649,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":526,"end_offset":546},{"id":7653,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":754,"end_offset":817},{"id":7655,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":884,"end_offset":904},{"id":7658,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":994,"end_offset":1037},{"id":7643,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":33},{"id":7644,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":57,"end_offset":70},{"id":7645,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":84,"end_offset":93},{"id":7650,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":690,"end_offset":706},{"id":7651,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":731,"end_offset":752},{"id":7654,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":819,"end_offset":882},{"id":7656,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":926,"end_offset":935},{"id":7657,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":937,"end_offset":965}],"relations":[{"id":3352,"from_id":7644,"to_id":7645,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3353,"from_id":7648,"to_id":7649,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3354,"from_id":7651,"to_id":7653,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3355,"from_id":7651,"to_id":7654,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3356,"from_id":7657,"to_id":7658,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":428,"text":"#Symptoms - Abducens nerve Palsy - 9C81.2\nSymptoms include Diplopia (double vision), worse in the field of palsy, Esotropia (inward deviation of eyeball), Head turn towards the affected side to maintain fusion and thus to avoid diplopia in mild cases, Closure of one eye voluntarily to avoid diplopia in severe unilateral palsy or bilateral involvement.","entities":[{"id":7660,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":59,"end_offset":83},{"id":7661,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":85,"end_offset":112},{"id":7663,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":155,"end_offset":209},{"id":7659,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":32},{"id":7662,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":114,"end_offset":153}],"relations":[{"id":3357,"from_id":7659,"to_id":7660,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3358,"from_id":7659,"to_id":7661,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3360,"from_id":7659,"to_id":7663,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3359,"from_id":7659,"to_id":7662,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":429,"text":"#Overview - Abducens nerve Palsy - 9C81.2\nAbducens (or Abducent) nerve Palsy or Cranial nerve six palsy (CN VI) is a common neuro-ophthalmic disorder. Since CN VI has a long intracranial course, it may be affected by multiple aetiologies. It may be unilateral or bilateral condition. CN VI is a pure motor nerve that innervates ipsilateral (same side) lateral rectus muscle of the eye and controls abduction (outward movement) of the eyeball. This nerve has the longest intracranial course amongst all the cranial nerves. A palsy affecting this nerve alone is less common. Usually, seventh (CN VII or facial) and eighth (CN VIII or vestibulocochlear) cranial nerves are also affected along with it, which signals a central cause. Children are more likely to be affected by a tumour, and older people are more likely to have vasculopathy producing ischaemia. CN VI palsy may present with ‘false localising sign’, suggesting impingement, when in fact, the causative reason\/tumour may be remotely present, or there may not be any detectable reason\/tumour. Similarly, raised intracranial pressure may stretch CN VI, and perhaps compression of its vascular supply. The sixth cranial nerve is the most commonly affected motor nerve to the eye in adults.","entities":[{"id":7669,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":32},{"id":7670,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":42,"end_offset":76},{"id":7673,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":124,"end_offset":149},{"id":7671,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":80,"end_offset":111},{"id":7691,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":284,"end_offset":289},{"id":7693,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":443,"end_offset":453},{"id":7695,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":522,"end_offset":529},{"id":7698,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":695,"end_offset":697},{"id":7704,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":824,"end_offset":856},{"id":7706,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":858,"end_offset":869},{"id":7710,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1164,"end_offset":1183},{"id":7686,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":157,"end_offset":162},{"id":7688,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":226,"end_offset":237},{"id":7692,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":317,"end_offset":384},{"id":7694,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":506,"end_offset":520},{"id":7696,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":545,"end_offset":550},{"id":7697,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":582,"end_offset":665},{"id":7701,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":775,"end_offset":781},{"id":7709,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1105,"end_offset":1110},{"id":7712,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1233,"end_offset":1236}],"relations":[{"id":3371,"from_id":7698,"to_id":7697,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":3367,"from_id":7688,"to_id":7686,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":3369,"from_id":7695,"to_id":7696,"type":"influence_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":430,"text":"#Treatment - Abducens nerve Palsy - 9C81.2\nLike other cranial nerve palsies, root cause of palsy should be treated. Microvascular ischaemia\/vasculopathy secondary to diabetes mellitus and hypertension may lead to Isolated CN VI palsy. Observation. Patient should be observed for three to six months. Most cases resolve on their own within three to six months. Therapies vary from controlling vasculopathic risk factors to neurosurgical interventions. Medical therapy. Prismatic glasses: Cases of non-healing CN VI palsy may be prescribed with prismatic spectacles, and is most effective in cases with some preserved function of the nerve. Amblyopia therapy: Prescribed standard amblyopia therapy should be instituted. A small face turn adopted by children is beneficial and should be encouraged. Loss of head posture with esotropia indicates loss of fusion and probability of subsequent development of amblyopia. Surgical therapy. Muscle splitting surgery: Parts of superior and inferior rectus muscle are split and are attached to provide function of new abducting extraocular muscle. Unmanageable cases of complete CN VI palsy may be patched to avoid diplopia. Patching each eye alternately for a few hours each day, may be done to prevent amblyopia in the affected eye. Prognosis. Prognosis varies with aetiology. Cases due to vasculopathy usually resolve completely. Other CN VI cases have guarded prognosis. Patients are normally observed for six months for spontaneous resolution.","entities":[{"id":7716,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":54,"end_offset":75},{"id":7720,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":140,"end_offset":200},{"id":7721,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":222,"end_offset":233},{"id":7717,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":96},{"id":7719,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":116,"end_offset":139},{"id":7729,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":508,"end_offset":519},{"id":7732,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":543,"end_offset":563},{"id":7752,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1177,"end_offset":1180},{"id":7755,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1273,"end_offset":1282},{"id":7757,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1284,"end_offset":1293},{"id":7762,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1402,"end_offset":1411},{"id":7722,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":360,"end_offset":369},{"id":7725,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":392,"end_offset":418},{"id":7727,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":451,"end_offset":466},{"id":7728,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":468,"end_offset":485},{"id":7734,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":632,"end_offset":637},{"id":7735,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":639,"end_offset":656},{"id":7737,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":678,"end_offset":695},{"id":7739,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":822,"end_offset":831},{"id":7740,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":902,"end_offset":911},{"id":7742,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":931,"end_offset":955},{"id":7744,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":913,"end_offset":929},{"id":7746,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":966,"end_offset":1001},{"id":7748,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1117,"end_offset":1128},{"id":7751,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1153,"end_offset":1161},{"id":7714,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":33},{"id":7754,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1242,"end_offset":1251},{"id":7760,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1377,"end_offset":1388}],"relations":[{"id":3389,"from_id":7722,"to_id":7714,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3390,"from_id":7727,"to_id":7714,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3393,"from_id":7755,"to_id":7714,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3375,"from_id":7721,"to_id":7719,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3376,"from_id":7721,"to_id":7720,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3381,"from_id":7732,"to_id":7729,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3391,"from_id":7728,"to_id":7714,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3392,"from_id":7735,"to_id":7714,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Abnormal_uterine_bleeding-GA2Y.jsonl

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+{"id":391,"text":"#Diagnosis - Abnormal uterine bleeding - GA2Y\nExamination: Physical examination of the woman having AUB includes: Assessment of weight pallor thyroid breasts acne hirsutism scoring (if present), Abdominal palpation, Visualization of the cervix, Bimanual (internal) examination. Laboratory Testing: A complete blood count (CBC), full blood count test should be carried out on all women with HMB to detect anaemia, Blood type and cross match, Urine pregnancy test to rule out pregnancy. Imaging: Ultrasonography is used in AUB cases to evaluate uterus, adnexa and endometrial thickness. Transvaginal ultrasonography may reveal leiomyoma, endometrial thickening, or focal masses. Sonohysterography: It is more specific and sensitive in diagnosing lesions inside the uterine cavity and endometrial hyperplasia. Hysteroscopy: It is an examination of the uterine cavity and the surface of the endometrium (inner lining of uterus) using a hysteroscope for diagnosis and characterization of intrauterine abnormalities. MRI (magnetic resonance Imaging): MRI can be used to differentiate between fibroids and adenomyosis and for mapping exact location of fibroids while planning conservative surgery and prior to therapeutic embolization for fibroids.","entities":[{"id":7275,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":298,"end_offset":326},{"id":7276,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":328,"end_offset":349},{"id":7277,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":404,"end_offset":411},{"id":7279,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":485,"end_offset":492},{"id":7281,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":521,"end_offset":525},{"id":7284,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":562,"end_offset":583},{"id":7285,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":585,"end_offset":613},{"id":7286,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":625,"end_offset":634},{"id":7287,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":677,"end_offset":694},{"id":7288,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":733,"end_offset":744},{"id":7290,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":782,"end_offset":805},{"id":7291,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":807,"end_offset":819},{"id":7292,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":845,"end_offset":863},{"id":7294,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":949,"end_offset":959},{"id":7297,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1011,"end_offset":1043},{"id":7301,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":1169,"end_offset":1189},{"id":7278,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":441,"end_offset":461},{"id":7280,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":494,"end_offset":510},{"id":7282,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":543,"end_offset":549},{"id":7283,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":551,"end_offset":558},{"id":7289,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":763,"end_offset":777},{"id":7293,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":932,"end_offset":945},{"id":7295,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":983,"end_offset":1009},{"id":7296,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":883,"end_offset":923},{"id":7298,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1086,"end_offset":1095},{"id":7299,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1099,"end_offset":1111},{"id":7300,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1145,"end_offset":1154},{"id":7302,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1203,"end_offset":1241},{"id":7266,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":38},{"id":7267,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":46,"end_offset":57},{"id":7268,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":59,"end_offset":79},{"id":7269,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":100,"end_offset":104},{"id":7270,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":214},{"id":7271,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":216,"end_offset":243},{"id":7272,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":245,"end_offset":276},{"id":7273,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":114,"end_offset":180},{"id":7274,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":278,"end_offset":296}],"relations":[{"id":3142,"from_id":7269,"to_id":7268,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3143,"from_id":7269,"to_id":7267,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3144,"from_id":7269,"to_id":7273,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3145,"from_id":7269,"to_id":7270,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3146,"from_id":7269,"to_id":7271,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3147,"from_id":7269,"to_id":7272,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3148,"from_id":7281,"to_id":7280,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3149,"from_id":7281,"to_id":7279,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3150,"from_id":7266,"to_id":7274,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3151,"from_id":7266,"to_id":7275,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3152,"from_id":7266,"to_id":7276,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3153,"from_id":7266,"to_id":7278,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3154,"from_id":7280,"to_id":7282,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":3155,"from_id":7280,"to_id":7283,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":3156,"from_id":7281,"to_id":7284,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":3157,"from_id":7285,"to_id":7286,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":3158,"from_id":7266,"to_id":7285,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3159,"from_id":7266,"to_id":7287,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3181,"from_id":7266,"to_id":7288,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3182,"from_id":7266,"to_id":7291,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3183,"from_id":7266,"to_id":7297,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3184,"from_id":7297,"to_id":7298,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":3185,"from_id":7297,"to_id":7299,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":3187,"from_id":7297,"to_id":7301,"type":"needs_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":392,"text":"#Causes - Abnormal uterine bleeding - GA2Y\nThe components of the PALM group are structural causes that can be located visually with imaging techniques and\/or histopathology. These causes are polyp; adenomyosis; leiomyoma; malignancy and hyperplasia. Polyp (AUB-P): Uterine polyps are growths from endometrium, (inner lining of the uterus) found into the uterine cavity. These are usually benign but some may be precancerous or cancerous.  Adenomyosis (AUB-A): This is a condition in which the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows in to the muscle wall of the uterus ( myometrium). Leiomyoma (AUB-L): These are benign fibromuscular tumors of the myometrium. Leiomyomas are known by several names, including myoma, and fibroid. Malignancy and hyperplasia (AUB-M): Malignancy and atypical hyperplasia are associated with, AUB and must be considered in nearly all women of reproductive age. Coagulopathy (AUB-C): The term coagulopathy includes the systemic disorders of hemostasis that may be associated with AUB. Ovulatory dysfunction: Disorders of ovulation may present as different menstrual abnormalities ranging from amenorrhea (absence of periods), extremely light and infrequent bleeding, to unpredictable heavy menstrual bleeding. Endometrial (AUB-E): When uterine bleeding occurs due of the abnormalities of endometrium with normal ovulatory function, and without any coagulopathy it is known as AUB-E. Iatrogenic (AUB-I): Abnormal uterine bleeding associated with the use of exogenous gonadal steroids, intrauterine devices, or other systemic or local agents is classified as iatrogenic (AUB-I). Not yet classified (AUB-N): A category of “not yet classified” was created to accommodate entities that are rarely encountered or are ill-defined.","entities":[{"id":7363,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":297,"end_offset":308},{"id":7364,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":368},{"id":7365,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":411,"end_offset":424},{"id":7366,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":427,"end_offset":436},{"id":7367,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":439,"end_offset":458},{"id":7368,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":493,"end_offset":533},{"id":7370,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":591,"end_offset":608},{"id":7372,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":667,"end_offset":678},{"id":7373,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":736,"end_offset":771},{"id":7378,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1015,"end_offset":1018},{"id":7381,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1020,"end_offset":1041},{"id":7383,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1091,"end_offset":1114},{"id":7351,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":132,"end_offset":150},{"id":7353,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":220},{"id":7354,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":198,"end_offset":209},{"id":7356,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":222,"end_offset":232},{"id":7357,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":237,"end_offset":248},{"id":7419,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1245,"end_offset":1264},{"id":7420,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1411,"end_offset":1416},{"id":7421,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1302,"end_offset":1365},{"id":7423,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1438,"end_offset":1463},{"id":7348,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":35},{"id":7350,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":158,"end_offset":172},{"id":7352,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":191,"end_offset":196},{"id":7359,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":250,"end_offset":263},{"id":7422,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1418,"end_offset":1436},{"id":7424,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1491,"end_offset":1517},{"id":7425,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1592,"end_offset":1610},{"id":7426,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1612,"end_offset":1638},{"id":7362,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":265,"end_offset":279},{"id":7369,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":546,"end_offset":590},{"id":7371,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":620,"end_offset":665},{"id":7374,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":829,"end_offset":833},{"id":7375,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":897,"end_offset":918},{"id":7379,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":954,"end_offset":986},{"id":7382,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1043,"end_offset":1065}],"relations":[{"id":3218,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7375,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3221,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7422,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3222,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7424,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3223,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7425,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3219,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7381,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3220,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7419,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3224,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7426,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3188,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7352,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3189,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7354,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3190,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7353,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3191,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7356,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3192,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7357,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3193,"from_id":7348,"to_id":7359,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3195,"from_id":7374,"to_id":7373,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":393,"text":"#Prevention - Abnormal uterine bleeding - GA2Y\nThough there are no specific measures to prevent abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), but early diagnosis and treatment helps to prevent long-term complications, such as infertility, anaemia, hypovolemia. Sometimes AUB resulting from hormonal changes can be prevented\/ reduced by life style interventions include eating healthy diet and exercising, not smoking, maintaining healthy weight.","entities":[{"id":7435,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":277,"end_offset":293},{"id":7437,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":323,"end_offset":347},{"id":7439,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":356,"end_offset":375},{"id":7444,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":405,"end_offset":431},{"id":7431,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":226,"end_offset":233},{"id":7427,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":39},{"id":7428,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":96,"end_offset":127},{"id":7430,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":213,"end_offset":224},{"id":7432,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":235,"end_offset":246},{"id":7434,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":258,"end_offset":261},{"id":7440,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":380,"end_offset":390},{"id":7442,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":392,"end_offset":403}],"relations":[{"id":3226,"from_id":7428,"to_id":7431,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3227,"from_id":7428,"to_id":7432,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3228,"from_id":7434,"to_id":7435,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3231,"from_id":7434,"to_id":7440,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3232,"from_id":7434,"to_id":7442,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3233,"from_id":7434,"to_id":7444,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3225,"from_id":7428,"to_id":7430,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3229,"from_id":7434,"to_id":7437,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3230,"from_id":7434,"to_id":7439,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":394,"text":"#Overview - Abnormal uterine bleeding - GA2Y\nAbnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common problem among (non-pregnant) women in the reproductive age. Formerly, it was known as dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). AUB is responsible for significant health problem and social embarrassment and it is one of the common reasons women seek health care. It has a significant impact on the quality of life for the women. Women with abnormal bleeding have a lower quality of life than the general female population.","entities":[{"id":7446,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":37},{"id":7447,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":45,"end_offset":76},{"id":7448,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":118,"end_offset":147},{"id":7449,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":175,"end_offset":211},{"id":7450,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":213,"end_offset":216},{"id":7454,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":348,"end_offset":350},{"id":7456,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":425,"end_offset":442},{"id":7451,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":236,"end_offset":262}],"relations":[{"id":3234,"from_id":7447,"to_id":7448,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3235,"from_id":7450,"to_id":7451,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":395,"text":"#Treatment - Abnormal uterine bleeding - GA2Y\nMedical therapy is considered the preferred initial treatment. Conservative and uterine-preserving treatment options are used initially; however, ineffective medical treatment and certain situations need prompt surgical management. Surgery- When AUB does not respond to medical therapy, a surgical procedure is required to control the bleeding. Surgical treatment is based on the clinical diagnosis, the severity of bleeding, contraindications and response  to medical management, the underlying medical condition, age and fertility status of women (whether she wants to have children). Hysteroscopic surgical removal of polyp- Polyps that cause AUB can be removed for controlling symptoms and even asymptomatic polyps need to be removed to exclude the chances of cancer. Endometrial ablation destroys the lining of the uterus. It stops or reduces the total amount of bleeding. Uterine artery embolization is a procedure used to treat fibroids. This procedure blocks the blood vessels to the uterus, which in turn stops the blood flow that fibroids need to grow. Dilation and curettage with concomitant hysteroscopy may be of value for those patients in whom intrauterine pathology is suspected or a tissue sample is required.","entities":[{"id":7457,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":38},{"id":7458,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":46,"end_offset":61},{"id":7501,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1017,"end_offset":1030},{"id":7502,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1086,"end_offset":1094},{"id":7504,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1109,"end_offset":1161},{"id":7460,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":109,"end_offset":154},{"id":7464,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":316,"end_offset":331},{"id":7478,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":810,"end_offset":816},{"id":7479,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":818,"end_offset":838},{"id":7480,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":866,"end_offset":872},{"id":7461,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":257,"end_offset":276},{"id":7462,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":278,"end_offset":285},{"id":7463,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":292,"end_offset":295},{"id":7465,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":381,"end_offset":389},{"id":7467,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":391,"end_offset":409},{"id":7470,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":426,"end_offset":444},{"id":7471,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":633,"end_offset":672},{"id":7472,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":674,"end_offset":680},{"id":7473,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":692,"end_offset":695},{"id":7475,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":745,"end_offset":764},{"id":7481,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":924,"end_offset":951},{"id":7500,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1038,"end_offset":1044},{"id":7503,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":981,"end_offset":989},{"id":7505,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1246,"end_offset":1259}],"relations":[{"id":3236,"from_id":7458,"to_id":7457,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3237,"from_id":7461,"to_id":7457,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3238,"from_id":7462,"to_id":7463,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3239,"from_id":7464,"to_id":7463,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3240,"from_id":7467,"to_id":7457,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3245,"from_id":7471,"to_id":7457,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3246,"from_id":7473,"to_id":7472,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3247,"from_id":7471,"to_id":7475,"type":"surgery_on_R"},{"id":3248,"from_id":7473,"to_id":7478,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3261,"from_id":7504,"to_id":7457,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3249,"from_id":7479,"to_id":7457,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3259,"from_id":7481,"to_id":7457,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":396,"text":"#Symptoms - Abnormal uterine bleeding - GA2Y\nAbnormal uterine bleeding may present as any of the following symptoms: Bleeding or spotting between periods, Heavy bleeding during period, Menstrual cycles that are longer than 38 days or shorter than 24 days, Irregular periods in which cycle length varies by more than 7-9 days, Bleeding or spotting after sex, Bleeding after menopause.","entities":[{"id":7606,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":155,"end_offset":183},{"id":7607,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":185,"end_offset":254},{"id":7610,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":326,"end_offset":356},{"id":7611,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":382},{"id":7591,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":37},{"id":7592,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":45,"end_offset":70},{"id":7605,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":117,"end_offset":153},{"id":7609,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":256,"end_offset":324}],"relations":[{"id":3324,"from_id":7592,"to_id":7606,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3325,"from_id":7592,"to_id":7607,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3328,"from_id":7592,"to_id":7611,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3323,"from_id":7592,"to_id":7605,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3326,"from_id":7592,"to_id":7609,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3327,"from_id":7592,"to_id":7610,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Acquired_Immuno_Deficiency_Syndrome_(AIDS)-1C62.3.jsonl

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+{"id":241,"text":"#Treatment - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - 1C62.3\nDefinitive cure for AIDS is yet to be discovered. However, some medicines, given at certain stage of the disease, depending upon CD4 count in the blood of the patient, can prolong life of HIV positive persons. Reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors - It interferes with a critical step during the HIV life cycle and keep the virus from making copies of itself. Protease inhibitors - It interferes with a protein that HIV uses to make infectious viral particles. Fusion inhibitors - It blocks the virus from entering the body cells. Integrase inhibitors - It blocks an enzyme HIV needs, to make copies of itself. Multidrug combinations - It combines two or more different types of drugs into one. These medicines help people with HIV, but they are not perfect. They do not cure HIV\/AIDS. People with HIV infection still have the virus in their bodies. They can still spread HIV to others through unprotected sex and needle sharing, even when they are taking their medicines. *NHP provides indicative information for better understanding of health. For any treatment and diagnosis purpose you should consult your physician.","entities":[{"id":4774,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":55},{"id":4775,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":85,"end_offset":89},{"id":4779,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":138},{"id":4797,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":425,"end_offset":444},{"id":4803,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":526,"end_offset":543},{"id":4810,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":584,"end_offset":594},{"id":4820,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":596,"end_offset":616},{"id":4822,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":632,"end_offset":638},{"id":4823,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":676,"end_offset":698},{"id":4824,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":744,"end_offset":749},{"id":4835,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":253,"end_offset":256},{"id":4837,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":481,"end_offset":484},{"id":4838,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":361,"end_offset":364},{"id":4840,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":760,"end_offset":775},{"id":4845,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":793,"end_offset":796},{"id":4858,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":979,"end_offset":993},{"id":4852,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":863,"end_offset":866},{"id":4853,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":937,"end_offset":940},{"id":4857,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":959,"end_offset":974},{"id":4889,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":275,"end_offset":296},{"id":4891,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":841,"end_offset":849},{"id":4892,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":639,"end_offset":642}],"relations":[{"id":1818,"from_id":4797,"to_id":4774,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1819,"from_id":4803,"to_id":4774,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1820,"from_id":4820,"to_id":4774,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1833,"from_id":4823,"to_id":4774,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1838,"from_id":4840,"to_id":4845,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1839,"from_id":4853,"to_id":4857,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":1840,"from_id":4853,"to_id":4858,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":1865,"from_id":4889,"to_id":4774,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1868,"from_id":4779,"to_id":4775,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1869,"from_id":4779,"to_id":4774,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":242,"text":"#Symptoms - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - 1C62.3\nThere are 3 main stages of AIDS: Acute symptoms, clinical latency and severe symptoms. Acute symptoms: The majority of people infected by HIV develop Influenza (flu) like illness within a month or two, after the virus enters the body. This illness, known as primary or acute HIV infection, may last for a few weeks. Possible symptoms include: Headache, Fever, Sore throat, Muscle soreness, Rash, Mouth or genital ulcers, Swollen lymph glands, mainly on the neck, Joint pain, Diarrhoea, Night sweats. Clinical latency: There is persistent swelling of lymph nodes during clinical latent HIV. Else, there are no specific signs and symptoms. However, body remains infected with the virus. Severe symptoms: Headaches, Blurred and distorted vision, Cough and shortness of breath, Persistent white spots or unusual lesions on tongue or in mouth, Soaking night sweats, Shaking chills or fever higher than 100 F (38 C) for several weeks, Chronic diarrhoea, Persistent, unexplained fatigue, Weight loss, Skin rashes. ","entities":[{"id":4773,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":54},{"id":4776,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":95},{"id":4777,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":151,"end_offset":165},{"id":4778,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":214,"end_offset":242},{"id":4781,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":299,"end_offset":311},{"id":4783,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":339,"end_offset":352},{"id":4784,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":407,"end_offset":415},{"id":4785,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":417,"end_offset":422},{"id":4786,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":424,"end_offset":435},{"id":4787,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":437,"end_offset":452},{"id":4788,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":454,"end_offset":458},{"id":4789,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":460,"end_offset":483},{"id":4790,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":485,"end_offset":505},{"id":4791,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":507,"end_offset":525},{"id":4792,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":527,"end_offset":548},{"id":4793,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":550,"end_offset":562},{"id":4799,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":614,"end_offset":625},{"id":4804,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":724,"end_offset":747},{"id":4805,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":766,"end_offset":775},{"id":4806,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":777,"end_offset":805},{"id":4807,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":807,"end_offset":836},{"id":4808,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":838,"end_offset":901},{"id":4809,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":903,"end_offset":923},{"id":4812,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":925,"end_offset":974},{"id":4813,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":993,"end_offset":1010},{"id":4816,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1012,"end_offset":1043},{"id":4817,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1045,"end_offset":1056},{"id":4818,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1058,"end_offset":1069},{"id":4893,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":649,"end_offset":652}],"relations":[{"id":1805,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4777,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1806,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4778,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1807,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4784,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1809,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4785,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1810,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4786,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1811,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4787,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1812,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4788,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1813,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4789,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1814,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4790,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1815,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4791,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1816,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4792,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1817,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4793,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1821,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4805,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1823,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4806,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1824,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4807,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1826,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4808,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1827,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4809,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1829,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4812,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1831,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4813,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1835,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4816,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1836,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4817,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1837,"from_id":4773,"to_id":4818,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1870,"from_id":4893,"to_id":4799,"type":"affects_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":243,"text":"#Prevention - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - 1C62.3\nHIV prevention refers to practices done to prevent spread of HIV\/AIDS. HIV prevention practices may be done by individuals to protect their own health: Spreading awareness among masses. Protected sexual contact through the use of condoms, reduces the risk of HIV\/AIDS. Providing awareness among population about their HIV status especially in high risks population. High risks population involves sex workers and their partners, Intravenous drug users, truck drivers, labuor migrants, refugees and prisoners. Safe injections: Use of auto disposal syringes help to prevent HIV infections. Male circumcision: It is the surgical removal of the foreskin (prepuce) from the human penis. Safe blood transfusion procured only from authorized and accredited blood banks. Counselling of HIV positive pregnant mother on the issue of how to prevent parent to child transmission (PPTCT).","entities":[{"id":4830,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":56},{"id":4832,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":66,"end_offset":69},{"id":4834,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":127,"end_offset":135},{"id":4836,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":137,"end_offset":140},{"id":4842,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":252,"end_offset":303},{"id":4844,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":325,"end_offset":333},{"id":4848,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":384,"end_offset":387},{"id":4855,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":575,"end_offset":621},{"id":4846,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":335,"end_offset":371},{"id":4861,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":638,"end_offset":652},{"id":4862,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":654,"end_offset":671},{"id":4863,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":692,"end_offset":746},{"id":4864,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":748,"end_offset":827},{"id":4865,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":844,"end_offset":856}],"relations":[{"id":1848,"from_id":4844,"to_id":4842,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":1849,"from_id":4848,"to_id":4846,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":1850,"from_id":4830,"to_id":4855,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":1851,"from_id":4830,"to_id":4862,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":1852,"from_id":4830,"to_id":4863,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":1853,"from_id":4830,"to_id":4864,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":244,"text":"#Overview - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - 1C62.3\nAIDS is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV kills or damages the body's immune system cells. There are two types of HIV. Type I and Type II. Type I is more common in India. AIDS is generally caused by unprotected sex with an infected partner. It may also spread through the use of infected syringes of HIV infected people and blood transfusions. The first sign of AIDS is influenza (flu) like symptoms or may be swollen glands, but at times, symptoms might not appear. Symptoms may appear after two or three months. Generally, blood test is done to confirm the diagnosis. There is no cure, but there are many medicines to fight\/ control HIV infection.\n","entities":[{"id":4825,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":54},{"id":4826,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":64,"end_offset":69},{"id":4827,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":82,"end_offset":116},{"id":4828,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":169},{"id":4831,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":118,"end_offset":122},{"id":4833,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":194,"end_offset":197},{"id":4839,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":251,"end_offset":256},{"id":4841,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":279,"end_offset":319},{"id":4843,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":321,"end_offset":324},{"id":4847,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":348,"end_offset":399},{"id":4849,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":404,"end_offset":422},{"id":4851,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":442,"end_offset":447},{"id":4854,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":450,"end_offset":465},{"id":4859,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":605,"end_offset":615},{"id":4856,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":490,"end_offset":504},{"id":4860,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":715,"end_offset":719}],"relations":[{"id":1841,"from_id":4826,"to_id":4827,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1842,"from_id":4831,"to_id":4828,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":1843,"from_id":4839,"to_id":4841,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1844,"from_id":4843,"to_id":4847,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1845,"from_id":4843,"to_id":4849,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1846,"from_id":4851,"to_id":4854,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1847,"from_id":4851,"to_id":4856,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":245,"text":"#Causes - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - 1C62.3\nA person becomes infected with HIV\/AIDS by several ways: Blood transfusions: In some cases, the virus may be transmitted through blood transfusions. Sharing infected needles: HIV can be transmitted through needles and syringes contaminated with infected blood. Sexual Contact: The most frequent mode of transmission of HIV is through sexual contact with an infected person. From mother to child: A pregnant woman infected with HIV virus can transmit the virus to her foetus through their shared blood circulation, or an infected nursing mother can transmit it to her baby through her breast milk.","entities":[{"id":4795,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":52},{"id":4796,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":93,"end_offset":101},{"id":4798,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":119,"end_offset":137},{"id":4800,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":191,"end_offset":209},{"id":4801,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":235},{"id":4802,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":237,"end_offset":241},{"id":4811,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":323,"end_offset":337},{"id":4814,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":381,"end_offset":385},{"id":4815,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":396,"end_offset":410},{"id":4819,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":436,"end_offset":456},{"id":4821,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":489,"end_offset":493}],"relations":[{"id":1822,"from_id":4796,"to_id":4798,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1825,"from_id":4796,"to_id":4800,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1828,"from_id":4802,"to_id":4801,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1830,"from_id":4814,"to_id":4811,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1832,"from_id":4814,"to_id":4815,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1834,"from_id":4821,"to_id":4819,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":246,"text":"#Diagnosis - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - 1C62.3\nHIV test is done to detect human immunodeficiency virus in saliva, serum or urine. The conduct of HIV testing of individuals must address: Confidentiality: The entire process of testing and results are kept confidential to give boost to individuals, couples, and families to learn about  their HIV status in the convenience and privacy of their home environment. Window period: There is a period of time between HIV infection and the appearance of anti-HIV antibodies that can be measured which is called \"window period\". CD4 count: CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell that's specifically targeted and destroyed by HIV. Rapid or point-of-care tests: The rapid test is an immunoassay used for screening, and it produces quick results, in 20 minutes or less. Rapid tests use blood or oral fluid to look for antibodies to HIV. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay): ELISA is set of blood tests used to diagnose HIV infection.  ELISA test is performed by inserting a needle to draw blood. RNA tests : It detects the virus directly (instead of the antibodies to HIV) and thus can detect HIV at about 10 days after infection, as soon as it appears in the bloodstream, before antibodies develop. Western Blot: A positive ELISA test is always followed by a Western blot test which confirm HIV infection.","entities":[{"id":4866,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":55},{"id":4867,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":65,"end_offset":73},{"id":4868,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":92,"end_offset":120},{"id":4870,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1059,"end_offset":1068},{"id":4871,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":889,"end_offset":892},{"id":4872,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":894,"end_offset":935},{"id":4873,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":953,"end_offset":964},{"id":4874,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":982,"end_offset":995},{"id":4869,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1355,"end_offset":1368},{"id":4875,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":998,"end_offset":1008},{"id":4876,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1156,"end_offset":1159},{"id":4877,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1183,"end_offset":1192},{"id":4878,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":163,"end_offset":174},{"id":4879,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1243,"end_offset":1253},{"id":4880,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1263,"end_offset":1275},{"id":4881,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1323,"end_offset":1340},{"id":4882,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":477,"end_offset":480},{"id":4883,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":690,"end_offset":718},{"id":4884,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":685,"end_offset":688},{"id":4885,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":720,"end_offset":734},{"id":4886,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":827,"end_offset":838},{"id":4887,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":875,"end_offset":885},{"id":4888,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":359,"end_offset":362},{"id":4890,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":622,"end_offset":638}],"relations":[{"id":1854,"from_id":4868,"to_id":4867,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1855,"from_id":4874,"to_id":4873,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1856,"from_id":4874,"to_id":4872,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1857,"from_id":4876,"to_id":4879,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":1858,"from_id":4876,"to_id":4870,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1859,"from_id":4876,"to_id":4877,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":1860,"from_id":4869,"to_id":4881,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1861,"from_id":4869,"to_id":4880,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1862,"from_id":4871,"to_id":4886,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1863,"from_id":4866,"to_id":4883,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1864,"from_id":4866,"to_id":4885,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1867,"from_id":4884,"to_id":4890,"type":"affects_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Acute_encephalitis-1D00.Z.jsonl

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+{"id":443,"text":"#Causes - Acute encephalitis syndrome - 1D00.Z\nAcute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) has a very complex etiology. Causative agents of AES include a wide variety of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and non- infectious agents. While Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of acute encephalitis syndrome in India (ranging from 5-35%), the etiology in a large number of cases however remains unidentified. In India during 2018, 15% of cases of AES were found positive for infection due to JEV. Herpes simplex virus, Influenza A virus, West Nile virus, Chandipura virus, mumps, measles, dengue, Parvovirus B4, enteroviruses and scrub typhus, S.pneumoniae are the other causes of AES in sporadic and outbreak cases in India. In many cases, however, no etiological agent is determined. Tick-borne encephalitis virus – TBEV, Zika virus, Nipah virus are also found positive in AES cases. Some are the zoonotic disease, that transmitted from animals to humans via mosquitoes (e.g. Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus) or ticks, (Tick-borne encephalitis virus), while for other flaviviruses humans are the natural hosts; these include dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV).","entities":[{"id":7879,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":37},{"id":7880,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":47,"end_offset":80},{"id":7881,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":130,"end_offset":133},{"id":7882,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":100,"end_offset":108},{"id":7883,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":144,"end_offset":167},{"id":7884,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":169,"end_offset":177},{"id":7885,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":179,"end_offset":187},{"id":7886,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":189,"end_offset":194},{"id":7887,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":200,"end_offset":222},{"id":7888,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":230,"end_offset":263},{"id":7889,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":286,"end_offset":313},{"id":7890,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":453,"end_offset":456},{"id":7891,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":498,"end_offset":501},{"id":7892,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":503,"end_offset":523},{"id":7893,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":525,"end_offset":542},{"id":7894,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":543,"end_offset":559},{"id":7895,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":561,"end_offset":577},{"id":7896,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":579,"end_offset":584},{"id":7897,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":586,"end_offset":593},{"id":7898,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":595,"end_offset":601},{"id":7900,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":603,"end_offset":616},{"id":7901,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":618,"end_offset":632},{"id":7902,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":636,"end_offset":648},{"id":7903,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":650,"end_offset":662},{"id":7904,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":687,"end_offset":691},{"id":7905,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":792,"end_offset":828},{"id":7906,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":830,"end_offset":840},{"id":7907,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":842,"end_offset":853},{"id":7908,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":881,"end_offset":885},{"id":7909,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":905,"end_offset":921},{"id":7910,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":967,"end_offset":978},{"id":7911,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":984,"end_offset":1011},{"id":7912,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1017,"end_offset":1032},{"id":7913,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1037,"end_offset":1074},{"id":7914,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1150,"end_offset":1169},{"id":7915,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1175,"end_offset":1192}],"relations":[{"id":3472,"from_id":7889,"to_id":7888,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3473,"from_id":7890,"to_id":7891,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3474,"from_id":7904,"to_id":7903,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3475,"from_id":7904,"to_id":7902,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3476,"from_id":7904,"to_id":7901,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3477,"from_id":7904,"to_id":7900,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3478,"from_id":7904,"to_id":7898,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3479,"from_id":7904,"to_id":7897,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3480,"from_id":7904,"to_id":7896,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3481,"from_id":7904,"to_id":7895,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3482,"from_id":7904,"to_id":7894,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3483,"from_id":7904,"to_id":7893,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3484,"from_id":7904,"to_id":7892,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3485,"from_id":7908,"to_id":7907,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3486,"from_id":7908,"to_id":7906,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3487,"from_id":7908,"to_id":7905,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3488,"from_id":7909,"to_id":7910,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3489,"from_id":7909,"to_id":7911,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3490,"from_id":7909,"to_id":7912,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3491,"from_id":7909,"to_id":7913,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3492,"from_id":7880,"to_id":7882,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3493,"from_id":7881,"to_id":7883,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3494,"from_id":7881,"to_id":7885,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3495,"from_id":7881,"to_id":7884,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3496,"from_id":7881,"to_id":7886,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3497,"from_id":7881,"to_id":7887,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3498,"from_id":7909,"to_id":7914,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3499,"from_id":7909,"to_id":7915,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":444,"text":"#Complications - Acute encephalitis syndrome - 1D00.Z\nThe disease affects the central nervous system and can cause severe complications, seizures and even death. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of this disease is very high and those who survive may suffer from various degrees of neurological sequeale. (An estimated 25% of the affected children die, and among those who survive, about 30- 40% suffers from physical & mental impairment).","entities":[{"id":7916,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":44},{"id":7918,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":137,"end_offset":145},{"id":7919,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":155,"end_offset":160},{"id":7920,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":54,"end_offset":65},{"id":7922,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":122,"end_offset":135},{"id":7924,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":194,"end_offset":206},{"id":7925,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":277,"end_offset":298},{"id":7926,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":404,"end_offset":432}],"relations":[{"id":3500,"from_id":7920,"to_id":7922,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3501,"from_id":7920,"to_id":7918,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3502,"from_id":7920,"to_id":7919,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3503,"from_id":7924,"to_id":7925,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3504,"from_id":7916,"to_id":7926,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":445,"text":"#Overview - Acute encephalitis syndrome - 1D00.Z\nAcute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a serious public health problem in India. It is characterized as acute-onset of fever and a change in mental status (mental confusion, disorientation, delirium, or coma) and\/or new-onset of seizures in a person of any age at any time of the year. The disease most commonly affects children and young adults and can lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. Viruses are the main causative agents in AES cases, although other sources such as bacteria, fungus, parasites, spirochetes, chemicals, toxins and noninfectious agents have also been reported over the past few decades. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the major cause of AES in India (ranging from 5%-35%).Herpes simplex virus, Influenza A virus, West Nile virus, Chandipura virus, mumps, measles, dengue, Parvovirus B4, enteroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus and scrub typhus, S.pneumoniae are the other causes of AES in sporadic and outbreak form in India. Nipah virus, Zika virus are also found as causative agents for AES. The etiology in a large number of AES cases still remains unidentified.","entities":[{"id":7935,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":203,"end_offset":219},{"id":7936,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":221,"end_offset":235},{"id":7938,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":250,"end_offset":254},{"id":7939,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":276,"end_offset":285},{"id":7942,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":366,"end_offset":392},{"id":7943,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":422,"end_offset":432},{"id":7948,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":488,"end_offset":492},{"id":7949,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":530,"end_offset":538},{"id":7951,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":540,"end_offset":546},{"id":7954,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":572,"end_offset":581},{"id":7929,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":39},{"id":7930,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":49,"end_offset":82},{"id":7931,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":151,"end_offset":171},{"id":7937,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":237,"end_offset":245},{"id":7944,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":436,"end_offset":445},{"id":7947,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":447,"end_offset":454},{"id":7952,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":548,"end_offset":557},{"id":7953,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":559,"end_offset":570},{"id":7957,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":594,"end_offset":614},{"id":7960,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":583,"end_offset":589},{"id":7961,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":666,"end_offset":699},{"id":7962,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":722,"end_offset":726},{"id":7963,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":757,"end_offset":777},{"id":7964,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":779,"end_offset":796},{"id":7965,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":798,"end_offset":813},{"id":7966,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":815,"end_offset":831},{"id":7967,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":833,"end_offset":838},{"id":7968,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":840,"end_offset":847},{"id":7969,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":849,"end_offset":855},{"id":7970,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":857,"end_offset":870},{"id":7971,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":872,"end_offset":885},{"id":7972,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":887,"end_offset":905},{"id":7973,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":910,"end_offset":922},{"id":7974,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":924,"end_offset":936},{"id":7975,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":961,"end_offset":965},{"id":7976,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1005,"end_offset":1016},{"id":7977,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1018,"end_offset":1028},{"id":7978,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1068,"end_offset":1071}],"relations":[{"id":3505,"from_id":7948,"to_id":7947,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3506,"from_id":7948,"to_id":7949,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3507,"from_id":7948,"to_id":7951,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3508,"from_id":7948,"to_id":7952,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3509,"from_id":7948,"to_id":7953,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3510,"from_id":7948,"to_id":7954,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3511,"from_id":7948,"to_id":7960,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3512,"from_id":7948,"to_id":7957,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3513,"from_id":7962,"to_id":7961,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3514,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7963,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3515,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7964,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3516,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7965,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3517,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7966,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3518,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7967,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3519,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7968,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3520,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7969,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3521,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7970,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3522,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7971,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3523,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7972,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3524,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7973,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3525,"from_id":7975,"to_id":7974,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3526,"from_id":7978,"to_id":7976,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3527,"from_id":7978,"to_id":7977,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":446,"text":"#Diagnosis - Acute encephalitis syndrome - 1D00.Z\nThe National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme in India has set up country wide surveillance for AES through sentinel sites with a focus on detecting Japanese encephalitis (JEV). In the sentinel surveillance network, AES\/JE is diagnosed by lgM Capture ELISA, and virus isolation is done in National Reference Laboratory. Laboratory-Confirmed case is a suspected case with any one of the following markers: Presence of lgM antibody in serum and\/ or CSF to a specific virus including JE\/Entero Virus or others, Four-fold difference in lgG antibody titre in paired sera, Virus isolation from brain tissue, Antigen detection by immunofluroscence, Nucleic acid detection by PCR","entities":[{"id":7980,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":40},{"id":7981,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":152,"end_offset":156},{"id":7982,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":205,"end_offset":232},{"id":7983,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":272,"end_offset":275},{"id":7984,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":276,"end_offset":279},{"id":7985,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":295,"end_offset":312},{"id":7989,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":461,"end_offset":494},{"id":7990,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":503,"end_offset":552},{"id":7991,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":564,"end_offset":621},{"id":7992,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":658,"end_offset":696},{"id":7993,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":698,"end_offset":727}],"relations":[{"id":3529,"from_id":7983,"to_id":7985,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3530,"from_id":7984,"to_id":7985,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3528,"from_id":7981,"to_id":7982,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3538,"from_id":7980,"to_id":7989,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3540,"from_id":7980,"to_id":7990,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3541,"from_id":7980,"to_id":7991,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3542,"from_id":7980,"to_id":7992,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3543,"from_id":7980,"to_id":7993,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":447,"text":"#Prevention - Acute encephalitis syndrome - 1D00.Z\nNational Programme for Prevention and Control of Japanese Encephalitis(JE)\/ Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (NPPCJA): Considering the complexity of AES problem and to reduce morbidity, mortality and disability in children due to JE\/AES, Government of India has developed a multi-pronged strategy with convergence of the concerned Ministries Ministry of Health and Family Welfare: Strengthening and expanding JE vaccination. Strengthening of public health activities. Better clinical management of JE\/AES Cases. Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR). Establishing of district counselling centres. Monitoring, supervision and coordination. Research-cum-intervention project","entities":[{"id":8031,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":41},{"id":8032,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":100,"end_offset":125},{"id":8033,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":127,"end_offset":163},{"id":8034,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":199},{"id":8035,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":276,"end_offset":278},{"id":8036,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":279,"end_offset":282},{"id":8037,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":427,"end_offset":469},{"id":8038,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":471,"end_offset":512},{"id":8043,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":690,"end_offset":723},{"id":8044,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":514,"end_offset":556},{"id":8045,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":558,"end_offset":600},{"id":8046,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":602,"end_offset":646},{"id":8047,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":648,"end_offset":688}],"relations":[{"id":3556,"from_id":8031,"to_id":8037,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3557,"from_id":8031,"to_id":8038,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3559,"from_id":8031,"to_id":8044,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3560,"from_id":8031,"to_id":8045,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3561,"from_id":8031,"to_id":8046,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3562,"from_id":8031,"to_id":8047,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3563,"from_id":8031,"to_id":8043,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":448,"text":"#Symptoms - Acute encephalitis syndrome - 1D00.Z\nAcute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) is a general description of the clinical presentation of a disease characterized by high fever altered consciousness mostly in children below 15 years of age. Clinically, a case of AES is defined as a person of any age, at any time of year with the acute onset of fever and a change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma, or inability to talk) AND\/OR new onset of seizures (excluding simple febrile seizures). Other early clinical findings may include an increase in irritability, somnolence or abnormal behavior greater than that seen with usual febrile illness.","entities":[{"id":8048,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":39},{"id":8049,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":49,"end_offset":82},{"id":8063,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":264,"end_offset":267},{"id":8064,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":332,"end_offset":352},{"id":8065,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":359,"end_offset":382},{"id":8066,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":411,"end_offset":420},{"id":8067,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":422,"end_offset":436},{"id":8068,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":438,"end_offset":442},{"id":8069,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":447,"end_offset":464},{"id":8070,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":477,"end_offset":494},{"id":8071,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":506,"end_offset":529},{"id":8072,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":577,"end_offset":601},{"id":8073,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":603,"end_offset":634},{"id":8074,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":663,"end_offset":684}],"relations":[{"id":3569,"from_id":8063,"to_id":8064,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3570,"from_id":8063,"to_id":8065,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3571,"from_id":8063,"to_id":8066,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3572,"from_id":8063,"to_id":8067,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3573,"from_id":8063,"to_id":8068,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3574,"from_id":8063,"to_id":8069,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3575,"from_id":8063,"to_id":8070,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3576,"from_id":8063,"to_id":8071,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3577,"from_id":8048,"to_id":8072,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3578,"from_id":8048,"to_id":8073,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3579,"from_id":8048,"to_id":8074,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":449,"text":"#Treatment - Acute encephalitis syndrome - 1D00.Z\nManagement of AES is essentially symptomatic. First line of management should be started at grass root level. To reduce severe morbidity and mortality it is important to identify early warning signs and refer patient to higher health facility. Danger Signs- Fever with any one of the following: Lethargy\/ Unconsciousness\/ Convulsions. Pre referral care- Sponging with tap water if fever is present Nothing to be given orally, Management of airway and breathing- Clear Airways, Patient’s position – Turn the patient on the side to reduce risk of aspiration. Keep the neck slightly extended and stabilize by placing cheek on one hand. Bend one leg to stabilize the body position. Referral to nearest first referral health facility.","entities":[{"id":8075,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":40},{"id":8076,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":64,"end_offset":68},{"id":8078,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":476,"end_offset":510},{"id":8079,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":527,"end_offset":545},{"id":8081,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":385,"end_offset":402}],"relations":[{"id":3580,"from_id":8081,"to_id":8075,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3581,"from_id":8078,"to_id":8075,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3582,"from_id":8079,"to_id":8075,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

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+{"id":323,"text":"#Complications - Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis - 1D84.0\nComplications of adult inclusion conjunctivititis may be: Systemic complications: Urethritis, vaginitis and mucopurulent cervicitis in females. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome) in women with PID. Urethritis in males. Epididymitis in males. Co-infection with another sexually transmitted disease like gonorrhoea. Reiter syndrome (syndrome of urethritis, conjunctivitis and reactive arthritis) may be associated with chlamydial infection. Ocular complications: In adult inclusion conjunctivitis secondary to genital tract infection, there is not the same likelihood of re-infection. Thus, conjunctival scarring is rarely a complication of adult inclusion conjunctivitis, although micro-pannus (superficial fibrovascular proliferation that extends 1-2 mm beyond normal vascular arcade) and micro-ulceration of the cornea following punctate keratitis may rarely take place.","entities":[{"id":5885,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":74,"end_offset":106},{"id":5886,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":47},{"id":5889,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":115,"end_offset":137},{"id":5891,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":139,"end_offset":149},{"id":5892,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":151,"end_offset":160},{"id":5894,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":165,"end_offset":188},{"id":5896,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":201,"end_offset":234},{"id":5898,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":236,"end_offset":276},{"id":5900,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":292,"end_offset":295},{"id":5902,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":297,"end_offset":316},{"id":5903,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":318,"end_offset":339},{"id":5905,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":401,"end_offset":411},{"id":5906,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":413,"end_offset":428},{"id":5911,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":430,"end_offset":452},{"id":5912,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":454,"end_offset":491},{"id":5913,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":516,"end_offset":536},{"id":5916,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":538,"end_offset":558},{"id":5922,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":563,"end_offset":593},{"id":5923,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":607,"end_offset":630},{"id":5926,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":668,"end_offset":680},{"id":5928,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":688,"end_offset":709},{"id":5930,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":779,"end_offset":791},{"id":5933,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":793,"end_offset":832},{"id":5934,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":867,"end_offset":882},{"id":5936,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":888,"end_offset":904},{"id":5937,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":912,"end_offset":918},{"id":5938,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":929,"end_offset":947},{"id":5939,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":738,"end_offset":768}],"relations":[{"id":2421,"from_id":5885,"to_id":5889,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2422,"from_id":5885,"to_id":5891,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2423,"from_id":5885,"to_id":5892,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2424,"from_id":5885,"to_id":5894,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2425,"from_id":5886,"to_id":5896,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2426,"from_id":5886,"to_id":5898,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2427,"from_id":5886,"to_id":5900,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2428,"from_id":5886,"to_id":5902,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2431,"from_id":5886,"to_id":5903,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2432,"from_id":5886,"to_id":5905,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2433,"from_id":5886,"to_id":5906,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2435,"from_id":5886,"to_id":5912,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2436,"from_id":5886,"to_id":5911,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2437,"from_id":5886,"to_id":5913,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2438,"from_id":5886,"to_id":5916,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2442,"from_id":5922,"to_id":5923,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2443,"from_id":5922,"to_id":5926,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2447,"from_id":5933,"to_id":5934,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2448,"from_id":5939,"to_id":5928,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2449,"from_id":5939,"to_id":5930,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2450,"from_id":5939,"to_id":5933,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2451,"from_id":5939,"to_id":5936,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2452,"from_id":5939,"to_id":5938,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2453,"from_id":5936,"to_id":5937,"type":"influence_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":324,"text":"#Causes - Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis - 1D84.0\nChlamydia trachomatis causes trachoma (serotypes A, B, Ba and C) and also genital infections (serotypes D to K) and disease Lymphogranuloma venereum (serotypes L1 to L3). Infection with genital serotypes D to K can cause isolated episodes of ophthalmia neonatorum in infants or inclusion conjunctivitis in adults. The incubation period for adult inclusion conjunctivitis is 4-12 days. Genital serotypes do not cause trachoma blindness since they do not enter stable transmission cycles within communities. Serotypes D to K occasionally cause subacute follicular conjunctivitis but conjunctival scarring is rare. Usually, adult inclusion conjunctivitis is observed in young sexually active people. It is most common in persons aged 15-35 years.","entities":[{"id":5887,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":40},{"id":5888,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":50,"end_offset":71},{"id":5890,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":79,"end_offset":114},{"id":5893,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":124,"end_offset":161},{"id":5895,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":166,"end_offset":219},{"id":5897,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":221,"end_offset":260},{"id":5899,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":292,"end_offset":313},{"id":5901,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":328,"end_offset":362},{"id":5904,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":390,"end_offset":420},{"id":5907,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":435,"end_offset":452},{"id":5908,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":466,"end_offset":484},{"id":5910,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":592,"end_offset":626},{"id":5909,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":556,"end_offset":572},{"id":5914,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":631,"end_offset":652},{"id":5915,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":671,"end_offset":701}],"relations":[{"id":2429,"from_id":5901,"to_id":5897,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2430,"from_id":5901,"to_id":5899,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2434,"from_id":5910,"to_id":5909,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":325,"text":"#Diagnosis - Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis - 1D84.0\nPhysical Exam. Physical examination may show weak or absent pulse (e.g. in leg or foot). A weak or Diagnosis of adult inclusion conjunctivitis depends upon clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis. Women with chlamydial infection often have a concomitant urethritis or vaginal discharge secondary to chronic vaginitis and\/or cervicitis. Men may have symptomatic or asymptomatic urethritis. Laboratory diagnosis: Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs): Nucleic acid amplification test is the best laboratory technique, of which polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an example. NAATs have high sensitivity and specificity but are expensive and not widely available. Giemsa cytology: Giemsa cytology is microscopic examination of stained conjunctival scrapings for basophilic intra-cytoplasmic epithelial inclusion bodies (Halberstaedter-Prowazek bodies). This test is highly specific but has low sensitivity. Chlamydial culture: Chlamydial cultures may be obtained from conjunctiva. Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) assay: Direct fluorescent antibody assay of conjunctival smears is less sensitive than NAATs. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA): Enzyme immunoassay of conjunctival smears is also less sensitive than NAATs Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers: Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers may be obtained against chlamydia species.","entities":[{"id":5943,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":43},{"id":5944,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":66},{"id":5961,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":268,"end_offset":288},{"id":5966,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":384,"end_offset":394},{"id":5968,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":409,"end_offset":447},{"id":5974,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":513,"end_offset":544},{"id":5979,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":723,"end_offset":738},{"id":5958,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":166,"end_offset":195},{"id":5959,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":209,"end_offset":230},{"id":5960,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":235,"end_offset":255},{"id":5964,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":302,"end_offset":345},{"id":5965,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":359,"end_offset":376},{"id":5970,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":449,"end_offset":469},{"id":5972,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":471,"end_offset":511},{"id":5975,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":588,"end_offset":619},{"id":5984,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":740,"end_offset":755},{"id":5985,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":871,"end_offset":877},{"id":5986,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":912,"end_offset":921},{"id":5988,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":966,"end_offset":984},{"id":5990,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1027,"end_offset":1038},{"id":5991,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1040,"end_offset":1079},{"id":5994,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1168,"end_offset":1192},{"id":5998,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1194,"end_offset":1212},{"id":6005,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1216,"end_offset":1234}],"relations":[{"id":2457,"from_id":5943,"to_id":5944,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2464,"from_id":5958,"to_id":5959,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2466,"from_id":5958,"to_id":5960,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2471,"from_id":5943,"to_id":5970,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2473,"from_id":5943,"to_id":5972,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2474,"from_id":5943,"to_id":5975,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2475,"from_id":5943,"to_id":5979,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2476,"from_id":5943,"to_id":5988,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2478,"from_id":5943,"to_id":5991,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2479,"from_id":5943,"to_id":5994,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2483,"from_id":5998,"to_id":6005,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":326,"text":"#Overview - Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis - 1D84.0\nAdult inclusion conjunctivitis or Paratrachoma results due to infection by obligate intracellular bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes D to K), which causes chronic follicular conjunctivitis (follicular conjunctivitis lasting for more than 16- 28 days). These organisms infect the epithelium of mucoid surfaces and were once identified as the trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis agents (TRIC agents). These organisms can also infect a neonate during birth and may lead to neonatal conjunctivitis. Chlamydia trachomatis also includes the agents of classic trachoma (serotypes A, B, Ba and C). Lymphogranuloma venereum, a sexually transmitted infection, is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes L1 to L3) which infect tissues deeper to the epithelium. Adult inclusion conjunctivitis is transmitted sexually (oro-genital activities) or from hand-to-eye contact. Gonorrhoea is the most common co-infection associated with adult inclusion conjunctivitis. Rarely, adult inclusion conjunctivitis is transmitted through eye-to-eye contact (e.g. by sharing mascara).","entities":[{"id":5967,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":114,"end_offset":159},{"id":5969,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":161,"end_offset":201},{"id":5971,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":216,"end_offset":249},{"id":5973,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":340,"end_offset":369},{"id":5978,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":398,"end_offset":456},{"id":5980,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":529,"end_offset":552},{"id":5962,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":42},{"id":5963,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":52,"end_offset":98},{"id":5987,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":554,"end_offset":575},{"id":5989,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":594,"end_offset":647},{"id":5992,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":649,"end_offset":673},{"id":5993,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":677,"end_offset":707},{"id":5995,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":722,"end_offset":764},{"id":5996,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":778,"end_offset":785},{"id":5997,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":800,"end_offset":810},{"id":5999,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":812,"end_offset":842},{"id":6000,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":858,"end_offset":919},{"id":6001,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":921,"end_offset":931},{"id":6002,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":951,"end_offset":963},{"id":6003,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":980,"end_offset":1010},{"id":6004,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1020,"end_offset":1050},{"id":6007,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1074,"end_offset":1118}],"relations":[{"id":2470,"from_id":5963,"to_id":5967,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2472,"from_id":5971,"to_id":5969,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2480,"from_id":6003,"to_id":6001,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2481,"from_id":6003,"to_id":6002,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2484,"from_id":6004,"to_id":6007,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":327,"text":"#Symptoms - Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis - 1D84.0\nAdult inclusion conjunctivitis presents as a unilateral (less commonly bilateral) affliction of eye. Symptoms do not always exist with adult inclusion conjunctivitis in large number of patients and is often transmitted unknowingly. Almost half of patients with adult inclusion conjunctivitis do not have a systemic infection of Chlamydia. In addition to eye, Chlamydiae are found in parts of the body with mucosal membrane such as respiratory tract and the genitourinary tract. Symptoms of adult inclusion conjunctivitis may wax and wane and the patient may be asymptomatic. Patient may present with symptoms like:- Ocular (Eye) symptoms: Red eye. Muco-purulent discharge. Sticking of eyelashes on awakening. Watering. Itching. Irritation of eyes. Foreign body sensation. Photophobia or intolerance to light. Pain. Swelling of eyelids. Systemic symptoms: Urethritis in males. Genito-urinary symptoms viz. urethritis, vaginal discharge in females. Mild ear infection on same side of infected eye.","entities":[{"id":5924,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":42},{"id":5925,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":52,"end_offset":82},{"id":5927,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":187,"end_offset":217},{"id":5931,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":313,"end_offset":343},{"id":5932,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":366,"end_offset":389},{"id":5935,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":411,"end_offset":421},{"id":5940,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":458,"end_offset":474},{"id":5941,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":483,"end_offset":500},{"id":5942,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":509,"end_offset":528},{"id":5945,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":542,"end_offset":572},{"id":5946,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":668,"end_offset":698},{"id":5947,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":700,"end_offset":723},{"id":5948,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":725,"end_offset":759},{"id":5949,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":761,"end_offset":798},{"id":5950,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":800,"end_offset":822},{"id":5951,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":824,"end_offset":859},{"id":5952,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":861,"end_offset":886},{"id":5953,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":888,"end_offset":926},{"id":5954,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":928,"end_offset":955},{"id":5955,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":957,"end_offset":997},{"id":5956,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":999,"end_offset":1046}],"relations":[{"id":2454,"from_id":5935,"to_id":5940,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":2455,"from_id":5935,"to_id":5941,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":2456,"from_id":5935,"to_id":5942,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":2458,"from_id":5924,"to_id":5946,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2459,"from_id":5924,"to_id":5947,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2460,"from_id":5924,"to_id":5948,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2461,"from_id":5924,"to_id":5949,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2462,"from_id":5924,"to_id":5950,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2463,"from_id":5924,"to_id":5951,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2465,"from_id":5924,"to_id":5953,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2467,"from_id":5924,"to_id":5954,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2468,"from_id":5924,"to_id":5955,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2469,"from_id":5924,"to_id":5956,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":328,"text":"#Prevention - Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis - 1D84.0\nTo prevent adult inclusion conjunctivitis, patients should follow safe sexual practices. Patients should be educated about the risks of sexually transmitted diseases.","entities":[{"id":5917,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":44},{"id":5918,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":65,"end_offset":95},{"id":5919,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":120,"end_offset":141},{"id":5920,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":162,"end_offset":219}],"relations":[{"id":2439,"from_id":5918,"to_id":5919,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2441,"from_id":5917,"to_id":5920,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":329,"text":"#Treatment - Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis - 1D84.0\nManagement should be carried out under medical supervision. Adult inclusion conjunctivitis is usually self-limiting. To prevent re-infection, all sexual partners should be treated simultaneously. All sexual partners should also be examined for other sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhoea, syphilis and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is prudent to treat all members of the household with antibiotics. There should be abstinence from sexual activity until the course of treatment is complete. The goal of pharmacotherapy is to reduce morbidity and to prevent any complications. Empiric antimicrobial therapy must be comprehensive and should cover all likely pathological organisms. Conjunctivitis is usually an ocular manifestation of a sexually transmitted uro-genital infection. Therefore, adult inclusion conjunctivitis does not respond and topical use of antibiotic is relatively not effective. Patients should be followed-up for about 2-6 weeks after initiation of treatment, depending upon the severity of initial symptoms. Treatment consists of: Systemic antibiotics: Systemic antibiotics are usually recommended for about 3-6 weeks. Systemic oral antibiotics such as erythromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline or doxycycline may be used. Topical antibiotics: Topical antibiotics are relatively ineffective.","entities":[{"id":6006,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":43},{"id":6008,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1335,"end_offset":1354},{"id":6009,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1211,"end_offset":1236},{"id":6010,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":1245,"end_offset":1257},{"id":6011,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":1259,"end_offset":1271},{"id":6012,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":1273,"end_offset":1285},{"id":6013,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":1289,"end_offset":1300},{"id":6015,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":92,"end_offset":111},{"id":6014,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1123,"end_offset":1143},{"id":6016,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1145,"end_offset":1165},{"id":6017,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":113,"end_offset":143},{"id":6018,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":862,"end_offset":892},{"id":6019,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":929,"end_offset":939},{"id":6020,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":181,"end_offset":193},{"id":6021,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":341,"end_offset":351},{"id":6022,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":353,"end_offset":361},{"id":6023,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":366,"end_offset":400},{"id":6024,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":648,"end_offset":677},{"id":6025,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":459,"end_offset":470},{"id":6026,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":752,"end_offset":766},{"id":6027,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":805,"end_offset":849},{"id":6028,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":540,"end_offset":549},{"id":6029,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":575,"end_offset":590},{"id":6030,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":604,"end_offset":613}],"relations":[{"id":2485,"from_id":6009,"to_id":6010,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2486,"from_id":6009,"to_id":6011,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2487,"from_id":6009,"to_id":6012,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2489,"from_id":6015,"to_id":6006,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2488,"from_id":6009,"to_id":6013,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2490,"from_id":6025,"to_id":6006,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2491,"from_id":6026,"to_id":6027,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2492,"from_id":6016,"to_id":6006,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2493,"from_id":6009,"to_id":6006,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2494,"from_id":6008,"to_id":6006,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Alcohol_Abuse_and_Alcoholism-6C40.1Z.jsonl

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+{"id":254,"text":"#Overview - Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - 6C40.1Z\nAlcoholism is a condition  when a person have signs of physical addiction to alcohol and continues to drink , despite problems with physical and psychological health. Alcohol abuse is when person's drinking habits leads to problems, but not physical addiction. These problems can lead to a number of harmful physical, psychological and socioeconomic effects such as  alcohol poisoning, cirrhosis of the liver, inability to work and socialize and destructive behaviors(violence and vandalism).","entities":[{"id":4962,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":51,"end_offset":61},{"id":4967,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":218,"end_offset":231},{"id":4994,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":418,"end_offset":435},{"id":4995,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":437,"end_offset":459},{"id":4996,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":461,"end_offset":542},{"id":4997,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":312,"end_offset":326},{"id":4960,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":40}],"relations":[{"id":1932,"from_id":4997,"to_id":4994,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":1933,"from_id":4997,"to_id":4995,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":1934,"from_id":4997,"to_id":4996,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":255,"text":"#Diagnosis - Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - 6C40.1Z\nThe medical professional will perform a physical examination and ask questions about person's medical and family history, including use of alcohol. Tests to rule out, if a person is alcoholic or not: Blood alcohol level, Complete blood count, Liver function test, Magnesium blood test.","entities":[{"id":4963,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":41},{"id":4965,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":92,"end_offset":112},{"id":4971,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":200,"end_offset":206},{"id":4984,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":252,"end_offset":271},{"id":4986,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":273,"end_offset":293},{"id":4988,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":295,"end_offset":313},{"id":4991,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":316,"end_offset":336}],"relations":[{"id":1916,"from_id":4963,"to_id":4965,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1918,"from_id":4963,"to_id":4971,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1920,"from_id":4963,"to_id":4984,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1922,"from_id":4963,"to_id":4986,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1926,"from_id":4963,"to_id":4988,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1927,"from_id":4963,"to_id":4991,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":256,"text":"#Treatment - Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - 6C40.1Z\nTreating alcoholism depends on how much a person drinks. Further treatment options are: Detoxification - It involves a nurse or doctor supporting the person to safely give up drinking. It can be done by helping the person to slowly reduce the alcohol intake over time or by medications. Thus reducing the withdrawal symptoms. Counseling - It includes self-help groups and talking therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Medication - There are two main types of medicines to facilitate a person to stop drinking. The first is to help reduce withdrawal symptoms and is generally given in tapering doses over a short period of time.","entities":[{"id":4972,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":41},{"id":4973,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":61,"end_offset":71},{"id":4974,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":140,"end_offset":154},{"id":4976,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":326,"end_offset":337},{"id":4981,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":378,"end_offset":388},{"id":4982,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":432,"end_offset":441},{"id":4987,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":451,"end_offset":485},{"id":4990,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":528,"end_offset":537}],"relations":[{"id":1911,"from_id":4974,"to_id":4972,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1912,"from_id":4976,"to_id":4972,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1913,"from_id":4981,"to_id":4972,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1914,"from_id":4982,"to_id":4972,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1915,"from_id":4987,"to_id":4972,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1917,"from_id":4990,"to_id":4972,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":257,"text":"#Symptoms - Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - 6C40.1Z\nPeople who have alcoholism or alcohol abuse often: Continue to drink, even after knowing the ill effects of drinking, Drink alone, Become hostile when asked about drinking, Unable to control drinking, Make excuses to drink, Miss work or school, or have a decrease in performance because of drinking, Stop taking part in activities because of alcohol, Need to consume alcohol on most days to get through the day, Become violent if somebody tries to stop them to drink.","entities":[{"id":4964,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":67,"end_offset":94},{"id":4970,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":169,"end_offset":180},{"id":4975,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":102,"end_offset":167},{"id":4977,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":182,"end_offset":222},{"id":4978,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":224,"end_offset":250},{"id":4979,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":252,"end_offset":273},{"id":4985,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":351,"end_offset":400},{"id":4989,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":402,"end_offset":461},{"id":4992,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":463,"end_offset":517},{"id":4993,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":275,"end_offset":349},{"id":4961,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":40}],"relations":[{"id":1919,"from_id":4964,"to_id":4975,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1921,"from_id":4964,"to_id":4970,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1923,"from_id":4964,"to_id":4977,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1924,"from_id":4964,"to_id":4978,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1925,"from_id":4964,"to_id":4979,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1928,"from_id":4964,"to_id":4993,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1929,"from_id":4964,"to_id":4985,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1930,"from_id":4964,"to_id":4989,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1931,"from_id":4964,"to_id":4992,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Alopecia_(hair_loss)-ED70.Z.jsonl

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+{"id":258,"text":"#Causes - Alopecia (hair loss) - ED70.Z\nThere are many reasons for hair loss. It include following reasons: Hair Disorders. Hereditary thinning or baldness, Alopecia areata, Cicatricial (scarring) alopecia. Disease. Underlying medical condition, Some cancer treatments, Ringworm of the scalp, Trichotillomania. Stress and Hormones. Stress, Hormone fluctuations. Diet: Weight loss, Vitamin A excess, Protein intake too low, Iron intake too low. Eating disorder. An eating disorder such as anorexia or bulimia is the other cause of hair loss. Medication. Medications that can cause hair loss include: Blood thinners, High-dose vitamin A, Medicines for arthritis, depression, gout, heart problems, and high blood pressure, Birth control pills. Hair Care Practices. Hair cosmetics, Blow dryers, flat irons, and similar devices, Hairpins, clips, and rubber bands, Too much or vigorous grooming.","entities":[{"id":5003,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":30},{"id":5006,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":108,"end_offset":122},{"id":5008,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":124,"end_offset":155},{"id":5010,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":157,"end_offset":172},{"id":5011,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":174,"end_offset":205},{"id":5012,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":216,"end_offset":244},{"id":5013,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":246,"end_offset":268},{"id":5014,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":270,"end_offset":291},{"id":5015,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":293,"end_offset":309},{"id":5016,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":311,"end_offset":330},{"id":5017,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":332,"end_offset":338},{"id":5018,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":340,"end_offset":360},{"id":5020,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":362,"end_offset":366},{"id":5022,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":368,"end_offset":379},{"id":5023,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":381,"end_offset":397},{"id":5024,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":399,"end_offset":421},{"id":5025,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":423,"end_offset":442},{"id":5026,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":444,"end_offset":459},{"id":5037,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":488,"end_offset":496},{"id":5039,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":500,"end_offset":507},{"id":5040,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":541,"end_offset":551},{"id":5041,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":599,"end_offset":613},{"id":5042,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":615,"end_offset":634},{"id":5043,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":636,"end_offset":659},{"id":5044,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":661,"end_offset":671},{"id":5045,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":673,"end_offset":677},{"id":5047,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":679,"end_offset":692},{"id":5048,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":699,"end_offset":718},{"id":5050,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":720,"end_offset":739},{"id":5051,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":741,"end_offset":760},{"id":5052,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":762,"end_offset":776},{"id":5053,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":778,"end_offset":789},{"id":5055,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":791,"end_offset":801},{"id":5057,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":824,"end_offset":832},{"id":5060,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":859,"end_offset":888},{"id":5065,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":67,"end_offset":76},{"id":5071,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":834,"end_offset":857}],"relations":[{"id":1985,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5060,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1984,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5071,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1983,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5057,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1982,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5055,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1981,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5053,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1980,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5052,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1979,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5051,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1978,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5050,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1977,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5048,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1976,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5047,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1975,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5044,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1974,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5043,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1973,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5042,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1972,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5041,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1971,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5040,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1970,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5039,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1969,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5037,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1968,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5026,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1967,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5025,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1966,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5024,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1965,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5023,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1961,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5022,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1958,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5020,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1956,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5018,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1955,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5017,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1953,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5016,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1952,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5015,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1950,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5011,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1948,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5014,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1947,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5013,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1945,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5012,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1944,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5011,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1943,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5010,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1941,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5008,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1940,"from_id":5003,"to_id":5006,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":259,"text":"#Diagnosis - Alopecia (hair loss) - ED70.Z\nDermatologists can diagnose hair loss by asking questions about medical history, family history. A dermatologist may also carefully look at the scalp  to know the condition of scalp.","entities":[{"id":5000,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":33},{"id":5001,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":62,"end_offset":70},{"id":5004,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":183,"end_offset":192},{"id":5005,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":219,"end_offset":224}],"relations":[{"id":1935,"from_id":5000,"to_id":5001,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":260,"text":"#Overview - Alopecia (hair loss) - ED70.Z\nPartial or complete loss of hair is called alopecia. Hair loss usually develops gradually and may be patchy or diffuse (all over). One loses up to 100 hair from the scalp everyday. Baldness is not usually caused by disease. It is also related to aging, heredity or changes in the hormones. There can be male pattern baldness or female pattern baldness.","entities":[{"id":4998,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":32},{"id":4999,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":85,"end_offset":93},{"id":5002,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":104},{"id":5007,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":207,"end_offset":213},{"id":5009,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":322,"end_offset":330}],"relations":[],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":261,"text":"#Treatment - Alopecia (hair loss) - ED70.Z\nTreatment of hair loss depends upon the cause of disease. Treatment available without a prescription. Minoxidil: This medicine is applied to the scalp. It can stop hair from getting thinner and also stimulate hair growth on the top of the scalp. Laser devices: Brushes, combs, and other hand-held devices that emit laser light also stimulate hair growth. These devices might make hair look more youthful in some people. Prescription medicine. Finasteride: The FDA approved this medicine to treat men with hair loss. It comes in pill form and helps slow hair loss in most (about 88%) men. It helps stimulate hair re-growth in many (about 66%) men. Corticosteroid: If your hair loss is caused by inflammation in body, a dermatologist may inject a medicine called a corticosteroid into scalp. This can help stop the inflammation that happens when a person has alopecia areata. Procedures.  To achieve the best results, a dermatologist may use one or more of the following procedures: Hair transplantation, Scalp reduction, Scalp expansion, Scalp flaps.\n ","entities":[{"id":5019,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":33},{"id":5021,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":56,"end_offset":65},{"id":5027,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":690,"end_offset":704},{"id":5028,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":145,"end_offset":154},{"id":5029,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":737,"end_offset":757},{"id":5030,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":156,"end_offset":169},{"id":5031,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":714,"end_offset":723},{"id":5032,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":188,"end_offset":193},{"id":5033,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":198},{"id":5034,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":806,"end_offset":820},{"id":5035,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":826,"end_offset":831},{"id":5036,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":282,"end_offset":287},{"id":5038,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":289,"end_offset":302},{"id":5046,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":833,"end_offset":837},{"id":5049,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":856,"end_offset":868},{"id":5061,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":486,"end_offset":497},{"id":5063,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":521,"end_offset":530},{"id":5062,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":900,"end_offset":915},{"id":5064,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":548,"end_offset":557},{"id":5066,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":559,"end_offset":562},{"id":5067,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1024,"end_offset":1044},{"id":5068,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1046,"end_offset":1061},{"id":5069,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1063,"end_offset":1078},{"id":5070,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1080,"end_offset":1091}],"relations":[{"id":1942,"from_id":5062,"to_id":5049,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":1936,"from_id":5031,"to_id":5029,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":1964,"from_id":5070,"to_id":5019,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1963,"from_id":5069,"to_id":5019,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1962,"from_id":5068,"to_id":5019,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1960,"from_id":5067,"to_id":5019,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1959,"from_id":5063,"to_id":5064,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1957,"from_id":5061,"to_id":5064,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1954,"from_id":5038,"to_id":5019,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1951,"from_id":5033,"to_id":5019,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1949,"from_id":5030,"to_id":5019,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1946,"from_id":5028,"to_id":5019,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1939,"from_id":5046,"to_id":5062,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1938,"from_id":5027,"to_id":5031,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":1937,"from_id":5034,"to_id":5031,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Alzheimers_Disease-8A20.jsonl

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+{"id":278,"text":"#Diagnosis - Alzheimer Disease - 8A20\nEarly, accurate diagnosis is crucial for several reasons. It can tell people whether their symptoms are due to Alzheimer’s disease or another cause, such as stroke, tumour, Parkinson’s disease, sleep disturbances, side effects of medications, or other conditions that may be treatable and possibly reversible. Although definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's can be made only after death, yet the doctors can usually diagnose the disease with the help of: Past medical history and current health status. Changes in the behavior and personality of the patient. Conducting cognitive tests involving memory, problem solving, language, etc. Standard medical tests, such as blood and urine tests, in order to rule out other causes. Brain scans including CT\/MRI scans.","entities":[{"id":5319,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":30},{"id":5320,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":45,"end_offset":63},{"id":5322,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":149,"end_offset":168},{"id":5324,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":201},{"id":5351,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":594,"end_offset":664},{"id":5354,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":783,"end_offset":795},{"id":5323,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":381,"end_offset":392},{"id":5325,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":203,"end_offset":209},{"id":5326,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":230},{"id":5327,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":232,"end_offset":250},{"id":5328,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":252,"end_offset":279},{"id":5352,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":671,"end_offset":693},{"id":5353,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":703,"end_offset":725}],"relations":[{"id":2126,"from_id":5320,"to_id":5354,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2125,"from_id":5319,"to_id":5353,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2124,"from_id":5319,"to_id":5352,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2123,"from_id":5319,"to_id":5351,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2118,"from_id":5322,"to_id":5328,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2117,"from_id":5322,"to_id":5327,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2116,"from_id":5322,"to_id":5326,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2115,"from_id":5322,"to_id":5325,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2114,"from_id":5322,"to_id":5324,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":279,"text":"#Causes - Alzheimer Disease - 8A20\nScientists have not yet understood the exact cause of Alzheimer's disease. It is postulated to have multifactorial etiology like: Genetic: The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene is implicated in Alzheimer’s Disease. This gene has several forms. One of them, ApoE ε4, seems to increase a person’s risk of getting the disease. However, carrying the ApoE ε4 form of the gene does not necessarily mean that a person will develop Alzheimer’s disease, and people carrying no ApoE ε4 can also develop the disease. Environmental\/ Lifestyle factors: Diseases like heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia etc. have also shown to be linked with the Alzheimer's disease.","entities":[{"id":5331,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":165,"end_offset":172},{"id":5332,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":536,"end_offset":568},{"id":5336,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":245,"end_offset":254},{"id":5339,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":454,"end_offset":473},{"id":5342,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":584,"end_offset":597},{"id":5344,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":607,"end_offset":626},{"id":5345,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":628,"end_offset":636},{"id":5347,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":647,"end_offset":661},{"id":5329,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":27},{"id":5330,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":89,"end_offset":108},{"id":5334,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":174,"end_offset":206},{"id":5335,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":224,"end_offset":243},{"id":5337,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":287,"end_offset":294},{"id":5338,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":341,"end_offset":352},{"id":5340,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":376,"end_offset":383},{"id":5341,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":392,"end_offset":400},{"id":5343,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":599,"end_offset":605},{"id":5346,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":638,"end_offset":645},{"id":5348,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":705,"end_offset":724}],"relations":[{"id":2135,"from_id":5348,"to_id":5342,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2134,"from_id":5348,"to_id":5343,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2133,"from_id":5348,"to_id":5344,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2132,"from_id":5348,"to_id":5345,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2131,"from_id":5348,"to_id":5346,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2130,"from_id":5348,"to_id":5347,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2122,"from_id":5329,"to_id":5332,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2121,"from_id":5329,"to_id":5331,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2120,"from_id":5339,"to_id":5340,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2119,"from_id":5338,"to_id":5337,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":280,"text":"#Prevention - Alzheimer Disease - 8A20\nThere is no definitive evidence to support that any particular measure   is effective in preventing. However, there are certain steps that could be taken which may help to delay the onset of dementia. Staying mentally healthy by: Reading, Writing for pleasure, Playing musical instruments, Taking part in adult education courses, Playing games, Swimming, Group sports such as bowling, Walking, And other recreational activities.","entities":[{"id":5277,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":31},{"id":5294,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":369,"end_offset":382},{"id":5295,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":384,"end_offset":392},{"id":5296,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":230,"end_offset":238},{"id":5299,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":394,"end_offset":422},{"id":5300,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":424,"end_offset":431},{"id":5287,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":269,"end_offset":276},{"id":5288,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":278,"end_offset":298},{"id":5291,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":300,"end_offset":327},{"id":5293,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":329,"end_offset":367},{"id":5301,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":443,"end_offset":466}],"relations":[{"id":2104,"from_id":5277,"to_id":5301,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2103,"from_id":5277,"to_id":5300,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2102,"from_id":5277,"to_id":5299,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2100,"from_id":5277,"to_id":5295,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2098,"from_id":5277,"to_id":5294,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2096,"from_id":5277,"to_id":5293,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2094,"from_id":5277,"to_id":5291,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2091,"from_id":5277,"to_id":5288,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2088,"from_id":5277,"to_id":5287,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":281,"text":"#Overview - Alzheimer Disease - 8A20\nDementia is a disorder characterized by serious loss of cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal ageing. Alzheimer's Disease is the most common form of dementia. It is more common in older individuals. Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks of daily living. Although scientists are learning more every day, right now, they still do not know what causes Alzheimer’s disease. Thus it is an Idiopathic disease.","entities":[{"id":5306,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":29},{"id":5307,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":37,"end_offset":46},{"id":5309,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":243,"end_offset":251},{"id":5312,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":253,"end_offset":256},{"id":5313,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":293,"end_offset":312},{"id":5314,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":345,"end_offset":358},{"id":5316,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":580,"end_offset":599},{"id":5317,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":615,"end_offset":633},{"id":5318,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":606,"end_offset":609},{"id":5308,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":196,"end_offset":215},{"id":5315,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":371,"end_offset":483}],"relations":[{"id":2113,"from_id":5313,"to_id":5315,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2112,"from_id":5313,"to_id":5314,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2111,"from_id":5308,"to_id":5309,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":282,"text":"#Treatment - Alzheimer Disease - 8A20\nThere is no cure for Alzheimer's disease; though symptomatic relief can be provided. Current treatments can be divided into Medical, Psychosocial and Care giving. Various medications to treat Alzheimer's are: Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine. Psychosocial interventions are used as an adjunct to medicinal treatment and can be classified as supportive, cognitive and behavioural approaches. Care giving: Since patient with Alzheimer's has no cure, it gradually renders people incapable of tending for their own needs, thus care giving essentially is the treatment and must be managed carefully over the course of the disease.","entities":[{"id":5278,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":230,"end_offset":239},{"id":5280,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":258,"end_offset":270},{"id":5281,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":272,"end_offset":283},{"id":5305,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":465,"end_offset":476},{"id":5279,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":247,"end_offset":256},{"id":5282,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":338,"end_offset":357},{"id":5303,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":565,"end_offset":588},{"id":5311,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":209,"end_offset":220},{"id":5333,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":285,"end_offset":311},{"id":5355,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":433,"end_offset":444},{"id":5356,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":655,"end_offset":666},{"id":5274,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":30},{"id":5275,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":59,"end_offset":78}],"relations":[{"id":2129,"from_id":5333,"to_id":5274,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2128,"from_id":5282,"to_id":5274,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2127,"from_id":5355,"to_id":5305,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2110,"from_id":5303,"to_id":5305,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2109,"from_id":5311,"to_id":5278,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2108,"from_id":5281,"to_id":5278,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2107,"from_id":5280,"to_id":5278,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2106,"from_id":5279,"to_id":5278,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":284,"text":"#Symptoms - Alzheimer Disease - 8A20\nCommon symptoms of Alzheimers Disease are: Forgetfulness, Language difficulties including difficulty in remembering names, Difficulty in planning and problem solving, Difficulty in doing previously familiar tasks, Difficulty in concentration, Difficulty in spatial relationships like remembering roads and routes to a particular, destination, Difficulty in social behavior.","entities":[{"id":5283,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":11,"end_offset":29},{"id":5286,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":158},{"id":5292,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":251,"end_offset":278},{"id":5284,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":56,"end_offset":74},{"id":5285,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":80,"end_offset":93},{"id":5289,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":160,"end_offset":202},{"id":5290,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":204,"end_offset":249},{"id":5297,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":280,"end_offset":365},{"id":5298,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":380,"end_offset":410},{"id":5302,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":367,"end_offset":378}],"relations":[{"id":2101,"from_id":5284,"to_id":5298,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2099,"from_id":5284,"to_id":5302,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2097,"from_id":5284,"to_id":5297,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2095,"from_id":5284,"to_id":5292,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2093,"from_id":5284,"to_id":5290,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2092,"from_id":5284,"to_id":5289,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2090,"from_id":5284,"to_id":5286,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2089,"from_id":5284,"to_id":5285,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Amaurosis_Fugax-8B10.0.jsonl

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+{"id":402,"text":"#Diagnosis - Amaurosis Fugax - 8B10.0\nDiagnosis depends upon clinical history and examination. Patients present with sudden monocular loss of vision that usually is less than fifteen minutes, and it rarely exceeds thirty minutes. Vision loss may be complete or partial. It is described as a curtain falling down in front of the eye or as a generalised darkening. Patient may experience one to multiple episodes, which usually resolve spontaneously. The attacks may sometimes be associated with ipsilateral cerebral TIA, with contralateral neurological features. Investigations Besides general examination, following investigations may help in assessment of vessels. Doppler test: Doppler of carotid vessels may help in assessment of vessels. Magnetic resonance imaging: It may help in assessment of vascular patency. Computed tomography: Vascular patency may also be assessed by computed tomography. Electrocardiogram\/ Holter monitoring: This helps to localise any cardiac arrhythmia or any possible source of cardiac emboli. Neuroimaging: It may be done to rule out any other cause of vision loss.","entities":[{"id":7146,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":28},{"id":7147,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":82,"end_offset":93},{"id":7148,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":117,"end_offset":190},{"id":7149,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":230,"end_offset":241},{"id":7150,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":340,"end_offset":361},{"id":7151,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":494,"end_offset":514},{"id":7152,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":666,"end_offset":678},{"id":7153,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":742,"end_offset":768},{"id":7154,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":770,"end_offset":772},{"id":7155,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":691,"end_offset":706},{"id":7156,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":817,"end_offset":836},{"id":7157,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":879,"end_offset":898},{"id":7158,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":900,"end_offset":917},{"id":7160,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":919,"end_offset":936},{"id":7161,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":965,"end_offset":983},{"id":7162,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1010,"end_offset":1024},{"id":7163,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1026,"end_offset":1038},{"id":7164,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1086,"end_offset":1097}],"relations":[{"id":3093,"from_id":7146,"to_id":7147,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3095,"from_id":7152,"to_id":7155,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":3096,"from_id":7146,"to_id":7152,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3097,"from_id":7146,"to_id":7153,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3098,"from_id":7146,"to_id":7156,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3099,"from_id":7146,"to_id":7158,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3100,"from_id":7146,"to_id":7160,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3101,"from_id":7146,"to_id":7163,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":403,"text":"#Causes - Amaurosis Fugax - 8B10.0\nThe causes of Amaurosis fugax are divided into five groups Embolic, Haemodynamic, Neurologic, Ocular, Idiopathic. Usually Amaurosis fugax is typically used to refer to transient visual loss of embolic origin. Episodic attacks of blindness occur as arteriosclerotic plaques progressively narrow the lumen of ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA), leading to reduced pressure and flow in ophthalmic artery. Cholesterol crystals (Hollenhorst plaques) or ulcerating plaque may embolise to ophthalmic or central retinal artery, without causing permanent visual loss. TMB is regarded as one variety of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and should be recognised as a warning sign of impending stroke. Frequency of attacks may vary from several times in a day to once only every few months. Cerebral ischaemia may affect both eyes with ipsilateral hemifield defect. Amaurosis usually occurs in elderly patients over fifty years of age who have vascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, history of smoking, or previous episodes of TIAs.","entities":[{"id":7166,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":49,"end_offset":64},{"id":7167,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":94,"end_offset":101},{"id":7168,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":103,"end_offset":115},{"id":7169,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":117,"end_offset":127},{"id":7170,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":135},{"id":7171,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":137,"end_offset":147},{"id":7172,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":157,"end_offset":172},{"id":7173,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":203,"end_offset":242},{"id":7175,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":283,"end_offset":383},{"id":7176,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":244,"end_offset":273},{"id":7177,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":444,"end_offset":486},{"id":7178,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":490,"end_offset":507},{"id":7179,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":538,"end_offset":560},{"id":7180,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":578,"end_offset":599},{"id":7181,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":601,"end_offset":604},{"id":7182,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":635,"end_offset":667},{"id":7183,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":714,"end_offset":730},{"id":7184,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":821,"end_offset":839},{"id":7185,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":896,"end_offset":905},{"id":7186,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1004,"end_offset":1016},{"id":7187,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1018,"end_offset":1039},{"id":7188,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1041,"end_offset":1059},{"id":7189,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1064,"end_offset":1089},{"id":7190,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":25}],"relations":[{"id":3102,"from_id":7166,"to_id":7167,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3103,"from_id":7166,"to_id":7168,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3104,"from_id":7166,"to_id":7169,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3105,"from_id":7166,"to_id":7170,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3106,"from_id":7166,"to_id":7171,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3107,"from_id":7172,"to_id":7173,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3112,"from_id":7190,"to_id":7175,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3113,"from_id":7190,"to_id":7177,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3114,"from_id":7190,"to_id":7178,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3115,"from_id":7190,"to_id":7181,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3116,"from_id":7190,"to_id":7182,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":404,"text":"#Symptoms - Amaurosis Fugax - 8B10.0\nSymptoms vary according to the type of Amaurosis depending upon visual loss occurrence: Type I: It is characterised by sudden brief attack of partial or complete diminution or obscuration of vision, lasting for seconds to minutes, followed by total recovery. Partial impairment presents as ascending or descending curtain or a blind moving sideways across the eye. Visual field defect is complete or partial. It is due to retinal ischaemia, embolisation or arteritis. Type II: It is less rapid in onset and may be associated with loss of contrast vision and photopsiae. It lasts from minutes to hours. Pain may be rarely associated and the recovery is complete. Visual field defect is complete or partial. It is produced due to retinal hypoperfusion and carotid occlusive disease. Type III: It is of abrupt onset and show photopsiae, scintillating sparkles, and is often accompanied by pain. It is due to vasospasm and migraine. Visual field defect is complete and may lead to progressive contraction. It lasts for minutes only and the recovery is usually complete. Type IV: It is of abrupt onset and may alternate between two eyes. It occurs in association with antiphospholipid antibodies but also include cases due to unknown causes. Visual field defect may resemble any of the types from one to three as mentioned above. Duration may go up to any length of time and the recovery is complete.","entities":[{"id":7191,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":27},{"id":7192,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":76,"end_offset":85},{"id":7193,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":101,"end_offset":112},{"id":7194,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":125,"end_offset":131},{"id":7195,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":156,"end_offset":234},{"id":7199,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":505,"end_offset":512},{"id":7200,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":567,"end_offset":605},{"id":7201,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":639,"end_offset":643},{"id":7202,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":699,"end_offset":718},{"id":7205,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":765,"end_offset":786},{"id":7206,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":791,"end_offset":816},{"id":7207,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":459,"end_offset":476},{"id":7208,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":478,"end_offset":503},{"id":7211,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":818,"end_offset":826},{"id":7212,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":837,"end_offset":849},{"id":7213,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":854,"end_offset":927},{"id":7214,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":942,"end_offset":951},{"id":7215,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":956,"end_offset":964},{"id":7216,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":929,"end_offset":931},{"id":7210,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":743,"end_offset":745},{"id":7209,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":446,"end_offset":448},{"id":7217,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1103,"end_offset":1110},{"id":7218,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1121,"end_offset":1133},{"id":7219,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1200,"end_offset":1227},{"id":7220,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1274,"end_offset":1293}],"relations":[{"id":3117,"from_id":7191,"to_id":7194,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3118,"from_id":7191,"to_id":7195,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3119,"from_id":7191,"to_id":7199,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3120,"from_id":7191,"to_id":7200,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3121,"from_id":7191,"to_id":7202,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3122,"from_id":7191,"to_id":7211,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3123,"from_id":7191,"to_id":7217,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3124,"from_id":7191,"to_id":7218,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3125,"from_id":7191,"to_id":7212,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3126,"from_id":7191,"to_id":7213,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":405,"text":"#Overview - Amaurosis Fugax - 8B10.0\nAmaurosis Fugax or transient monocular blindness (TMB) refers to transient brief blindness, blurring, fogging, or dimming of vision, varying in duration from few seconds to minutes or even hours in some cases. The duration of visual impairment is brief usually less than fifteen minutes and rarely exceeding thirty minutes. The term Amaurosis fugax has been used not only for monocular condition, but also for the transient loss of vision in both eyes (less common). Most of the patients are affected for about one to five minutes only. Generally, recovery is in the same pattern as the visual loss, although usually more gradual. Amaurosis is also known as blackout. It is thought to occur from transient occlusion of the ophthalmic circulation and is a risk factor for acute stroke. Fundus examination is commonly normal but may show prior retinal arterial emboli or attenuation of arteries. Investigations like carotid ultrasonography and cardiac echography may help in finding source of embolus.","entities":[{"id":7221,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":27},{"id":7222,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":37,"end_offset":52},{"id":7224,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":102,"end_offset":127},{"id":7228,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":263,"end_offset":280},{"id":7229,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":370,"end_offset":385},{"id":7231,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":451,"end_offset":488},{"id":7232,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":624,"end_offset":635},{"id":7233,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":668,"end_offset":677},{"id":7234,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":695,"end_offset":703},{"id":7236,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":705,"end_offset":707},{"id":7237,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":733,"end_offset":782},{"id":7223,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":56,"end_offset":91},{"id":7225,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":137},{"id":7227,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":139,"end_offset":168},{"id":7230,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":413,"end_offset":432},{"id":7238,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":808,"end_offset":820},{"id":7239,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":921,"end_offset":929},{"id":7240,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":951,"end_offset":974},{"id":7241,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":979,"end_offset":997},{"id":7242,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1028,"end_offset":1035}],"relations":[{"id":3127,"from_id":7222,"to_id":7224,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3128,"from_id":7222,"to_id":7225,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3129,"from_id":7222,"to_id":7227,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3130,"from_id":7229,"to_id":7230,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3131,"from_id":7229,"to_id":7231,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3132,"from_id":7236,"to_id":7237,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":406,"text":"#Treatment - Amaurosis Fugax - 8B10.0\nManagement. Treatment of amaurosis fugax may help in prevention of ischaemic attacks. Systemic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac arrhythmias, and hyperlipidaemia state should be managed with appropriate treatment. Medical therapy. It may include Aspirin: Aspirin, an antiplatelet agent may be used as an antithrombotic agent to prevent arterial thrombosis. Anticoagulants: Anticoagulants may be given to prevent stroke. Surgical therapy. Since embolisation is one of the important reason, treating amaurosis may help in prevention of full-blown stroke. It requires treatment of carotid artery stenosis. It may be managed by Angioplasty, Stenting. Patients who either are unfit for surgery or those who are not having any symptoms, endovascular approach may be instituted.","entities":[{"id":7243,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":28},{"id":7244,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":63,"end_offset":78},{"id":7245,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":105,"end_offset":122},{"id":7246,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":150,"end_offset":162},{"id":7247,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":164,"end_offset":181},{"id":7248,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":183,"end_offset":202},{"id":7249,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":208,"end_offset":229},{"id":7250,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":276,"end_offset":291},{"id":7251,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":308,"end_offset":315},{"id":7252,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":317,"end_offset":324},{"id":7253,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":366,"end_offset":386},{"id":7254,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":398,"end_offset":417},{"id":7255,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":419,"end_offset":433},{"id":7256,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":474,"end_offset":480},{"id":7257,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":435,"end_offset":449},{"id":7259,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":506,"end_offset":518},{"id":7260,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":596,"end_offset":613},{"id":7261,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":627,"end_offset":663},{"id":7262,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":686,"end_offset":697},{"id":7263,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":699,"end_offset":707},{"id":7264,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":743,"end_offset":750},{"id":7265,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":482,"end_offset":498}],"relations":[{"id":3133,"from_id":7244,"to_id":7245,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3134,"from_id":7250,"to_id":7243,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3135,"from_id":7251,"to_id":7243,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3136,"from_id":7253,"to_id":7243,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3137,"from_id":7255,"to_id":7243,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3138,"from_id":7265,"to_id":7243,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3139,"from_id":7261,"to_id":7243,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3140,"from_id":7262,"to_id":7243,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3141,"from_id":7263,"to_id":7243,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Amblyopia-9D46.jsonl

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+{"id":421,"text":"#Causes - Amblyopia - 9D46\nA distinction must be made between potentially reversible functional amblyopia and irreversible organic amblyopia. Organic amblyopia is a term used to describe visual impairment due to obvious or non obvious ocular pathology, commonly affecting retina or optic nerve. Examples of organic amblyopia are optic nerve hypoplasia, optic atrophy and foveal hypoplasia. Functional amblyopia may occur along with organic amblyopia. Functional amblyopia normally occurs in an eye that is anatomically normal. Functional amblyopia is caused by either form of vision deprivation or abnormal binocular interaction. Form- vision deprivation occurs due to conditions that obstruct the visual axis such as cataract, corneal opacity, vitreous haemorrhage, or severe ptosis, but it may also be produced by severe anisometropia. Abnormal binocular interaction refers to the condition in which the image projected onto the fovea of each eye is dissimilar enough to preclude fusion, thus prompting suppression and ultimately amblyopia of the suppressed eye. While strabismus may be the most obvious cause of abnormal binocular interaction, unilateral opacity of the media and anisometropia may participate in this mechanism as well. ","entities":[{"id":7593,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":20},{"id":7594,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":74,"end_offset":105},{"id":7595,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":110,"end_offset":140},{"id":7921,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":142,"end_offset":159},{"id":7923,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":272,"end_offset":293},{"id":7941,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":390,"end_offset":410},{"id":7950,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":494,"end_offset":498},{"id":7927,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":307,"end_offset":324},{"id":7932,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":329,"end_offset":351},{"id":7933,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":353,"end_offset":366},{"id":7940,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":371,"end_offset":388},{"id":7945,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":432,"end_offset":449},{"id":7946,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":451,"end_offset":471},{"id":7956,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":527,"end_offset":547},{"id":7958,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":561,"end_offset":628},{"id":7979,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":630,"end_offset":654},{"id":7986,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":662,"end_offset":783},{"id":7987,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":816,"end_offset":836},{"id":7994,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1032,"end_offset":1042},{"id":7995,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":838,"end_offset":868},{"id":7996,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1071,"end_offset":1082},{"id":7997,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1115,"end_offset":1145},{"id":7998,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1183,"end_offset":1197}],"relations":[{"id":3531,"from_id":7921,"to_id":7923,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3532,"from_id":7927,"to_id":7932,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3533,"from_id":7927,"to_id":7933,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3534,"from_id":7927,"to_id":7940,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3535,"from_id":7946,"to_id":7950,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3536,"from_id":7956,"to_id":7958,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3537,"from_id":7994,"to_id":7995,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":423,"text":"#Symptoms - Amblyopia - 9D46\nThe main symptom of amblyopia is decreased foveal visual acuity. Commonly used diagnostic criteria, is the loss of visual acuity of two or more lines on the Snellen vision chart. Amblyopic eye presents an abnormal contour interaction which shows decrease in acuity for objects placed in a row compared with acuity for the same objects viewed separately (crowding phenomena). Eccentric fixation. Decreased contrast sensitivity. Improved vision in dim background illumination. Decreased brightness perception. Binocular suppression of amblyopic eye.","entities":[{"id":7597,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":49,"end_offset":59},{"id":7599,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":208,"end_offset":402},{"id":7602,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":456,"end_offset":502},{"id":7603,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":504,"end_offset":535},{"id":7596,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":22},{"id":7600,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":404,"end_offset":422},{"id":7601,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":424,"end_offset":454},{"id":7604,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":537,"end_offset":575}],"relations":[{"id":3317,"from_id":7596,"to_id":7599,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3318,"from_id":7596,"to_id":7600,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3320,"from_id":7596,"to_id":7602,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3319,"from_id":7596,"to_id":7601,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3321,"from_id":7596,"to_id":7603,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3322,"from_id":7596,"to_id":7604,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":424,"text":"#Overview - Amblyopia - 9D46\nAmblyopia is often defined as a difference in visual acuity of two lines or more on Snellen or equivalent chart in a child with, otherwise, healthy eyes. Amblyopia may be present any time visual acuity is reduced, and the reduction of acuity cannot be explained by findings on clinical examination, even if the difference is even one line only. Amblyopia is a functional reduction in the visual acuity of an eye caused by disuse during critical period of visual development. The mechanism of vision loss is not known, but it is thought to originate in the visual cortex. Amblyopia results in reduced visual acuity, binocularity, depth perception, and contrast sensitivity. Fusion and stereopsis, the central formation of three dimensional images, are dependent upon receiving clear images from each eye simultaneously.","entities":[{"id":7608,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":22},{"id":7617,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":183,"end_offset":193},{"id":7612,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":29,"end_offset":39},{"id":7622,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":306,"end_offset":326},{"id":7999,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":374,"end_offset":384},{"id":8000,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":451,"end_offset":502},{"id":8001,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":600,"end_offset":610}],"relations":[{"id":3539,"from_id":7999,"to_id":8000,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":425,"text":"#Treatment - Amblyopia - 9D46\nEarly management of amblyopia is critical for best visual acuity results. The basic strategy for treating amblyopia is to first provide a clear retinal image, and then correct ocular dominance if ocular dominance is present, as early as possible during the period of visual plasticity (birth to eight years of life). I. Clear retinal image: Patients with bilateral hypermetropia (> + 5.00 D) should receive the full hypermetropic correction, as amblyopic eyes do not fully accommodate. Patients who are given partial correction of their high hypermetropia often shows very slow or no improvement in their amblyopia. Prescribe full astigmatic correction to provide a clear retinal image. II. Correct ocular dominance: Correction of ocular dominance is accomplished by forcing fixation to the amblyopic eye through patching or blurring the vision of the sound eye by: Occlusion, Penalisation, Occlusive contact lens, Bilateral light occlusion, Levodopa\/ carbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia, Pleoptics, Active stimulation. Prognosis: The prognosis of amblyopia depends upon the age of the patient, severity of amblyopia, and type of amblyopia. The earlier the amblyopia occurs and longer it remains untreated, the worse is the prognosis. In general, bilateral amblyopia responds better than unilateral amblyopia, and myopic anisometropic amblyopia responds better than hypermetropic anisometropic amblyopia.","entities":[{"id":8002,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":23},{"id":8003,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":50,"end_offset":60},{"id":8004,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":136,"end_offset":146},{"id":8005,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":475,"end_offset":489},{"id":8006,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":567,"end_offset":585},{"id":8007,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":635,"end_offset":644},{"id":8008,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":821,"end_offset":834},{"id":8009,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":350,"end_offset":369},{"id":8010,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":721,"end_offset":745},{"id":8013,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":896,"end_offset":905},{"id":8015,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":921,"end_offset":943},{"id":8017,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":972,"end_offset":1021},{"id":8014,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":907,"end_offset":919},{"id":8016,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":945,"end_offset":970},{"id":8019,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1034,"end_offset":1052},{"id":8022,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1082,"end_offset":1092},{"id":8023,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1141,"end_offset":1150},{"id":8024,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1164,"end_offset":1173},{"id":8027,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1281,"end_offset":1300},{"id":8030,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1400,"end_offset":1437},{"id":8026,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1258,"end_offset":1267},{"id":8018,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1023,"end_offset":1032},{"id":8020,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1054,"end_offset":1063},{"id":8021,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1069,"end_offset":1079},{"id":8025,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1191,"end_offset":1201},{"id":8028,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1322,"end_offset":1342},{"id":8029,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1348,"end_offset":1378}],"relations":[{"id":3544,"from_id":8002,"to_id":8009,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3545,"from_id":8002,"to_id":8010,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3546,"from_id":8013,"to_id":8002,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3547,"from_id":8014,"to_id":8002,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3548,"from_id":8015,"to_id":8002,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3549,"from_id":8016,"to_id":8002,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3550,"from_id":8017,"to_id":8002,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3551,"from_id":8018,"to_id":8002,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3552,"from_id":8019,"to_id":8002,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3553,"from_id":8021,"to_id":8022,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":450,"text":"#Diagnosis - Amblyopia - 9D46\nDiagnosis of amblyopia is based mainly on measurement of visual acuity. Visual acuity measurement: Subjective and objective methods to test visual acuity have been proposed. Optical grating: The different stimuli consist of repetitive gratings of predictable and precise luminance variations. Sinusoidal and square- wave gratings are some other forms to test visual acuity. Optokinetic nystagmus: The primary use of optokinetic nystagmus is a rapid screen for the gross integrity of the visual system. Acuity may be measured as the finest grating that elicits a visible optokinetic nystagmus when different sizes of stripes are used. Preferential looking test: It is based on the principle that infants tend to fixate a pattern stimulus rather than a homogeneous field. With this, inter-ocular acuity may be detected in children less than one year of age. Visually evoked potential: Visually evoked potential is a summed cortical response to changes in some characteristics of a visual stimulus. The visual stimulus may be either a simple flash or a more complex pattern. Visuscope: Visuscope is a type of direct ophthalmoscope that projects a focused image onto the retina so that the examiner can see the image on the retina.","entities":[{"id":8051,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":23},{"id":8052,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":43,"end_offset":53},{"id":8053,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":204,"end_offset":219},{"id":8054,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":404,"end_offset":425},{"id":8055,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":664,"end_offset":689},{"id":8056,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":886,"end_offset":911},{"id":8057,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1102,"end_offset":1111},{"id":8058,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":446,"end_offset":467},{"id":8059,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":600,"end_offset":621},{"id":8060,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":913,"end_offset":938},{"id":8061,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1113,"end_offset":1123}],"relations":[{"id":3564,"from_id":8051,"to_id":8053,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3565,"from_id":8051,"to_id":8054,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3566,"from_id":8051,"to_id":8055,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3567,"from_id":8051,"to_id":8056,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3568,"from_id":8051,"to_id":8057,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}

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+{"id":302,"text":"#Complication - Amoebiasis - 1A36.Z\nComplications of amoebic colitis include the following: Fulminant or necrotizing colitis, Toxic megacolon, Amoeboma, Recto vaginal fistula. Complications of amoebic liver abscess include the following: Intraperitoneal, intrathoracic, or intrapericardial rupture, with or without secondary bacterial infection, Direct extension to pleura or pericardium, Dissemination and formation of brain abscess. Other complications due to amoebiasis include the following: Bowel perforation, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Stricture formation, Intussusception, Peritonitis,Empyema.","entities":[{"id":5684,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":238,"end_offset":344},{"id":5690,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":515,"end_offset":540},{"id":5691,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":542,"end_offset":561},{"id":5693,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":563,"end_offset":578},{"id":5685,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":346,"end_offset":387},{"id":5686,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":389,"end_offset":433},{"id":5687,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":462,"end_offset":473},{"id":5689,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":496,"end_offset":513},{"id":5694,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":580,"end_offset":591},{"id":5695,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":592,"end_offset":599},{"id":5667,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":68},{"id":5672,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":126,"end_offset":141},{"id":5677,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":153,"end_offset":174},{"id":5678,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":193,"end_offset":214},{"id":5665,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":27},{"id":5671,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":92,"end_offset":124},{"id":5674,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":151}],"relations":[{"id":2318,"from_id":5667,"to_id":5671,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2319,"from_id":5667,"to_id":5672,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2320,"from_id":5667,"to_id":5674,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2321,"from_id":5667,"to_id":5677,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2322,"from_id":5678,"to_id":5684,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2323,"from_id":5678,"to_id":5685,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2324,"from_id":5678,"to_id":5686,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2325,"from_id":5687,"to_id":5689,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2326,"from_id":5687,"to_id":5690,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2327,"from_id":5687,"to_id":5691,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2328,"from_id":5687,"to_id":5693,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2329,"from_id":5687,"to_id":5694,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2330,"from_id":5687,"to_id":5695,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":303,"text":"#Causes - Amoebiasis - 1A36.Z\nAmoebiasis is caused by parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Several protozoan species in the genus Entamoeba colonize humans, but not all of them are associated with disease. Transmission occurs via: Faecal–oral route, either directly by person-to-person contact or indirectly by eating or drinking faecally contaminated food or water. Sexual transmission by oral-rectal contact is also recognized especially among male homosexuals. Vectors such as flies, cockroaches and rodents can also transmit the infection. ","entities":[{"id":5705,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":30,"end_offset":41},{"id":5706,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":54,"end_offset":84},{"id":5711,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":362,"end_offset":404},{"id":5704,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":21},{"id":5710,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":226,"end_offset":360},{"id":5712,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":459,"end_offset":505},{"id":5782,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":441,"end_offset":457},{"id":5713,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":94,"end_offset":134},{"id":5783,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":524,"end_offset":537}],"relations":[{"id":2336,"from_id":5705,"to_id":5706,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2337,"from_id":5704,"to_id":5710,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2338,"from_id":5704,"to_id":5711,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2374,"from_id":5704,"to_id":5782,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2375,"from_id":5783,"to_id":5712,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":304,"text":"#Overview - Amoebiasis - 1A36.Z\nAmoebiasis is a disease caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Only about 10% to 20% of people who are infected with E. histolytica become sick from the infection. Amoebiasis is a common infection of the human gastro-intestinal tract.  Amoebiasis is more closely related to poor sanitation and socioeconomic status than to climate. In addition to being a potentially lethal disease, invasive amoebiasis has important social and economic consequences. Amoebiasis may cause clinical problems in persons with immunodeficiency, homosexuals and immigrants from certain tropical countries, and travellers.\n","entities":[{"id":5688,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":275,"end_offset":285},{"id":5692,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":313,"end_offset":328},{"id":5697,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":406,"end_offset":420},{"id":5699,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":490,"end_offset":500},{"id":5700,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":545,"end_offset":561},{"id":5702,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":579,"end_offset":621},{"id":5666,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":22},{"id":5668,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":32,"end_offset":42},{"id":5669,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":55},{"id":5696,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":333,"end_offset":369},{"id":5698,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":422,"end_offset":441},{"id":5701,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":563,"end_offset":574},{"id":5703,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":627,"end_offset":637},{"id":5670,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":70,"end_offset":100},{"id":5673,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":142,"end_offset":170},{"id":5675,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":188,"end_offset":201},{"id":5679,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":203,"end_offset":213},{"id":5676,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":178,"end_offset":182},{"id":5680,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":249,"end_offset":272}],"relations":[{"id":2331,"from_id":5699,"to_id":5700,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2332,"from_id":5699,"to_id":5701,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2333,"from_id":5699,"to_id":5702,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2334,"from_id":5699,"to_id":5703,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2335,"from_id":5698,"to_id":5697,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2311,"from_id":5668,"to_id":5669,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2312,"from_id":5668,"to_id":5670,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2313,"from_id":5676,"to_id":5673,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2314,"from_id":5676,"to_id":5675,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2315,"from_id":5679,"to_id":5680,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2316,"from_id":5688,"to_id":5692,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2317,"from_id":5688,"to_id":5696,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":305,"text":"#Diagnosis - Amoebiasis - 1A36.Z\nEntamoeba histolytica must be differentiated from other intestinal protozoa. Microscopic identification of cysts and trophozoites in the stool is the common method for diagnosing E. histolytica. In addition, E. histolytica trophozoites can also be identified in aspirates or biopsy samples obtained during colonoscopy or surgery. Immunodiagnosis - Antibody Detection- a) Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is most useful in patients with extra-intestinal disease (i.e., amoebic liver abscess) when organisms are not generally found on stool examination. b)  Indirect hemagglutination (IHA). If antibodies are not detectable in patients with an acute presentation of suspected amoebic liver abscess, a second specimen should be drawn 7-10 days later. Antigen Detection- Antigen detection may be useful as an adjunct to microscopic diagnosis in detecting parasites and to distinguish between pathogenic and nonpathogenic infections. Molecular Diagnosis- Radiography, Ultrasonography, Computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used for detection of liver abscess, cerebral amoebiasis.","entities":[{"id":5766,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":363,"end_offset":399},{"id":5767,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":404,"end_offset":428},{"id":5768,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":461,"end_offset":515},{"id":5770,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":617,"end_offset":627},{"id":5772,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":773,"end_offset":790},{"id":5773,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":853,"end_offset":862},{"id":5775,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":954,"end_offset":973},{"id":5781,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1111,"end_offset":1130},{"id":5759,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":23},{"id":5760,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":140,"end_offset":162},{"id":5763,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":339,"end_offset":350},{"id":5761,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":201,"end_offset":226},{"id":5762,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":241,"end_offset":268},{"id":5764,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":361},{"id":5769,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":581,"end_offset":612},{"id":5771,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":699,"end_offset":720},{"id":5774,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":913,"end_offset":952},{"id":5776,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":975,"end_offset":986},{"id":5777,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":988,"end_offset":1003},{"id":5778,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1005,"end_offset":1029},{"id":5779,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1034,"end_offset":1066},{"id":5780,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1096,"end_offset":1109}],"relations":[{"id":2361,"from_id":5759,"to_id":5761,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2362,"from_id":5759,"to_id":5763,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2364,"from_id":5759,"to_id":5766,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2365,"from_id":5759,"to_id":5767,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2366,"from_id":5759,"to_id":5769,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2367,"from_id":5759,"to_id":5772,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2368,"from_id":5759,"to_id":5773,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2369,"from_id":5781,"to_id":5775,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2370,"from_id":5781,"to_id":5776,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2371,"from_id":5781,"to_id":5777,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2372,"from_id":5781,"to_id":5778,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2373,"from_id":5781,"to_id":5779,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":306,"text":"#Symptoms - Amoebiasis - 1A36.Z\nThe clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection, diarrhoea and dysentery to fulminant colitis and peritonitis as well as extra-intestinal amoebiasis. Acute amoebiasis can present as diarrhoea or dysentery with frequent, small and often bloody stools. Chronic amoebiasis can present with gastrointestinal symptoms plus fatigue, weight loss and occasional fever. Extra-intestinal amoebiasis can occur if the parasite spreads to other organs, most commonly the liver where it causes amoebic liver abscess. Other organs can also be involved, including pleuropulmonary, cardiac, cerebral, renal, genitourinary, peritoneal, and cutaneous sites.","entities":[{"id":5719,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":23},{"id":5721,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":90,"end_offset":113},{"id":5723,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":66,"end_offset":88},{"id":5739,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":292,"end_offset":310},{"id":5744,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":328,"end_offset":366},{"id":5746,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":384,"end_offset":400},{"id":5748,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":443,"end_offset":479},{"id":5750,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":521,"end_offset":542},{"id":5751,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":544,"end_offset":556},{"id":5752,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":589,"end_offset":604},{"id":5757,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":647,"end_offset":657},{"id":5734,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":191,"end_offset":207},{"id":5735,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":162,"end_offset":189},{"id":5738,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":223,"end_offset":290},{"id":5745,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":368,"end_offset":379},{"id":5747,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":402,"end_offset":429},{"id":5749,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":495,"end_offset":504},{"id":5753,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":606,"end_offset":613},{"id":5754,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":615,"end_offset":623},{"id":5755,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":625,"end_offset":630},{"id":5756,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":632,"end_offset":645},{"id":5758,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":663,"end_offset":678}],"relations":[{"id":2353,"from_id":5734,"to_id":5738,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2354,"from_id":5739,"to_id":5744,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2355,"from_id":5739,"to_id":5745,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2356,"from_id":5739,"to_id":5746,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2357,"from_id":5719,"to_id":5721,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2358,"from_id":5747,"to_id":5748,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2359,"from_id":5747,"to_id":5749,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2360,"from_id":5747,"to_id":5750,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":307,"text":"#Prevention - Amoebiasis - 1A36.Z\nAmoebiasis can be prevented and controlled both by non-specific and specific measures. Non-specific measures are concerned with- Improved water supply, Sanitation, Food safety, Health education of the public as well as health personnel at all levels about sanitation and food hygiene, General social and economic development. Specific measures that should be undertaken when possible are- community surveys to monitor the local epidemiological situation with regard to amoebiasis; improvement of case management, i.e., rapid diagnosis and adequate treatment of patients with invasive amoebiasis at all levels of the health services, including the community and health centre levels; surveillance and control of situations that may encourage the further spread of amoebiasis, e.g., refugee camps, contaminated public water sources.","entities":[{"id":5709,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":34,"end_offset":44},{"id":5714,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":163,"end_offset":184},{"id":5715,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":186,"end_offset":196},{"id":5716,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":198,"end_offset":209},{"id":5720,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":319,"end_offset":358},{"id":5722,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":423,"end_offset":513},{"id":5724,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":515,"end_offset":545},{"id":5726,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":553,"end_offset":715},{"id":5727,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":717,"end_offset":807},{"id":5708,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":24},{"id":5717,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":300},{"id":5718,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":305,"end_offset":317}],"relations":[{"id":2340,"from_id":5708,"to_id":5714,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2341,"from_id":5708,"to_id":5715,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2342,"from_id":5708,"to_id":5716,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2343,"from_id":5708,"to_id":5717,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2344,"from_id":5708,"to_id":5718,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2345,"from_id":5708,"to_id":5720,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2346,"from_id":5708,"to_id":5722,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2347,"from_id":5708,"to_id":5724,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2348,"from_id":5708,"to_id":5726,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2349,"from_id":5708,"to_id":5727,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":308,"text":"#Treatment - Amoebiasis - 1A36.Z\nFor symptomatic intestinal infection and extra intestinal disease, treatment with antiamoebic drugs should be taken with consultation of a physician. Asymptomatic patients infected with E. histolytica should also be treated with antiamoebic drugs, because they can infect others and because 4%–10% develop disease within a year if left untreated. Liver aspiration- Liver aspiration is indicated only if abscesses are large (> 12 cm), abscess rupture is imminent, medical therapy has failed, or abscesses are present in the left lobe.","entities":[{"id":5740,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":380,"end_offset":396},{"id":5741,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":436,"end_offset":465},{"id":5742,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":467,"end_offset":494},{"id":5743,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":527,"end_offset":565},{"id":5729,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":37,"end_offset":69},{"id":5730,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":74,"end_offset":98},{"id":5733,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":262,"end_offset":279},{"id":5784,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":496,"end_offset":522},{"id":5728,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":24},{"id":5731,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":115,"end_offset":132},{"id":5732,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":183,"end_offset":233}],"relations":[{"id":2350,"from_id":5731,"to_id":5728,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2351,"from_id":5733,"to_id":5728,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2352,"from_id":5740,"to_id":5728,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Anaemia-3A9Z.jsonl

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+{"id":286,"text":"#Causes - Anaemia - 3A9Z\nThree main cause of anaemia are: Blood loss, Lack of red cell production, High rates of red blood cell destruction. 1) Blood loss: Blood loss is the most common cause of anaemia, especially in iron-deficiency anaemia. Blood loss can be short term or long term depending upon the conditions. Bleeding in the digestive or urinary tract can cause blood loss. Surgery, trauma, or cancer also can cause blood loss. Heavy blood loss due to menstruation. Lack of Red Blood cell production: It can be due to \"acquired\" or \"Inherited\". \"Acquired\" means that the person is not born with the condition, but may develop it at later stages. \"Inherited\" means that the condition has been passed by the parents. Acquired conditions and factors that can lead to anaemia include: Poor diet, Unusual hormonal levels, Chronic diseases. High rates of RBCs destruction: Factors that can cause destruction of red blood cells. One condition can be an enlarged or diseased spleen.This is an acquired condition.","entities":[{"id":5390,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":17},{"id":5391,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":45,"end_offset":52},{"id":5392,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":58,"end_offset":68},{"id":5395,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":70,"end_offset":97},{"id":5396,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":99,"end_offset":139},{"id":5397,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":202},{"id":5400,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":234,"end_offset":241},{"id":5404,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":144,"end_offset":154},{"id":5405,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":156,"end_offset":166},{"id":5406,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":243,"end_offset":253},{"id":5427,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":316,"end_offset":358},{"id":5428,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":381,"end_offset":388},{"id":5429,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":390,"end_offset":396},{"id":5430,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":401,"end_offset":407},{"id":5431,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":369,"end_offset":379},{"id":5432,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":423,"end_offset":433},{"id":5433,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":435,"end_offset":471},{"id":5434,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":473,"end_offset":506},{"id":5435,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":788,"end_offset":797},{"id":5437,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":824,"end_offset":840},{"id":5436,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":799,"end_offset":821},{"id":5438,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":874,"end_offset":927}],"relations":[{"id":2151,"from_id":5391,"to_id":5392,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2152,"from_id":5391,"to_id":5395,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2153,"from_id":5391,"to_id":5396,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2157,"from_id":5397,"to_id":5405,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2175,"from_id":5390,"to_id":5427,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2176,"from_id":5390,"to_id":5431,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2177,"from_id":5390,"to_id":5428,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2178,"from_id":5390,"to_id":5429,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2179,"from_id":5390,"to_id":5430,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2180,"from_id":5390,"to_id":5432,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2181,"from_id":5390,"to_id":5433,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2182,"from_id":5390,"to_id":5434,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2183,"from_id":5390,"to_id":5435,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2184,"from_id":5390,"to_id":5436,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2185,"from_id":5391,"to_id":5437,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2186,"from_id":5390,"to_id":5438,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":287,"text":"#Overview - Anaemia - 3A9Z\nThe condition of having a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells or quantity of hemoglobin. Normal results vary. Anaemia has three main causes: blood loss, lack of red blood cell production, and high rates of red blood cell destruction. Conditions that may lead to anaemia include Heavy periods, Pregnancy, Ulcers, Colon polyps or colon cancer, Inherited disorders A diet that does not have enough iron, folic acid or vitamin B12, Blood disorders such as sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia, or cancer, Aplastic anaemia, a condition that can be inherited or acquired. Anaemia can make you feel tired, cold, dizzy, and irritable. You may be short of breath or have a headache.","entities":[{"id":5360,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":19},{"id":5366,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":145,"end_offset":152},{"id":5367,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":176,"end_offset":186},{"id":5368,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":188,"end_offset":221},{"id":5370,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":297,"end_offset":304},{"id":5371,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":313,"end_offset":326},{"id":5372,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":328,"end_offset":337},{"id":5373,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":339,"end_offset":345},{"id":5374,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":347,"end_offset":375},{"id":5375,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":377,"end_offset":396},{"id":5377,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":487,"end_offset":506},{"id":5378,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":511,"end_offset":522},{"id":5379,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":527,"end_offset":533},{"id":5380,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":535,"end_offset":551},{"id":5381,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":600,"end_offset":607},{"id":5382,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":626,"end_offset":659},{"id":5383,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":672,"end_offset":687},{"id":5384,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":698,"end_offset":706},{"id":5385,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":227,"end_offset":267},{"id":5386,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":81,"end_offset":96},{"id":5387,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":112,"end_offset":122}],"relations":[{"id":2142,"from_id":5366,"to_id":5367,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2143,"from_id":5366,"to_id":5368,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2144,"from_id":5366,"to_id":5385,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2145,"from_id":5370,"to_id":5371,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2146,"from_id":5370,"to_id":5372,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2147,"from_id":5370,"to_id":5373,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2148,"from_id":5370,"to_id":5374,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2149,"from_id":5370,"to_id":5375,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2150,"from_id":5381,"to_id":5382,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":288,"text":"#Diagnosis - Anaemia - 3A9Z\nMedical History: Signs and symptoms like weakness, malaise or body aches. Blood tests: To check for the levels of hemoglobin (it is a protein that transports oxygen). Red blood cells (cells that contain hemoglobin)is lower than normal. Physical examination: Rapid or irregular heartbeat, Rapid or irregular breathing, Enlarged liver or spleen Complete blood count (CBC): A CBC is generally done to know the number of blood cells in the blood. To check anaemia, physician will see the levels of the red blood cells contained in the blood (hematocrit) and the hemoglobin in blood. A test to determine the size and shape of your red blood cells: Some of red blood cells may also be examined for unusual size, shape and color. This will help in diagnosis.","entities":[{"id":5439,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":20},{"id":5440,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":102,"end_offset":113},{"id":5441,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":142,"end_offset":152},{"id":5442,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":210},{"id":5443,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":231,"end_offset":241},{"id":5445,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":264,"end_offset":284},{"id":5446,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":346,"end_offset":391},{"id":5447,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":401,"end_offset":404},{"id":5448,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":566,"end_offset":576},{"id":5449,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":526,"end_offset":541},{"id":5450,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":586,"end_offset":605},{"id":5451,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":658,"end_offset":669},{"id":5452,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":609,"end_offset":613},{"id":5453,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":679,"end_offset":694}],"relations":[{"id":2187,"from_id":5440,"to_id":5441,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2188,"from_id":5439,"to_id":5440,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2189,"from_id":5439,"to_id":5445,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2190,"from_id":5439,"to_id":5447,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2191,"from_id":5439,"to_id":5446,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2192,"from_id":5448,"to_id":5449,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2193,"from_id":5439,"to_id":5448,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2194,"from_id":5452,"to_id":5451,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2195,"from_id":5439,"to_id":5452,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":289,"text":"#Treatment - Anaemia - 3A9Z\nIron supplements:  The most commonly prescribed supplement is ferrous sulphate, taken orally (by mouth) two or three times a day. Dietary supplements: Iron-rich foods include: Dark-green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, Iron-fortified cereals Whole grains, such as brown rice, Beans, Nuts Meat, Apricots.","entities":[{"id":5388,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":20},{"id":5389,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":28,"end_offset":44},{"id":5393,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":90,"end_offset":106},{"id":5394,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":158,"end_offset":177}],"relations":[{"id":2154,"from_id":5389,"to_id":5388,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2155,"from_id":5393,"to_id":5388,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2156,"from_id":5394,"to_id":5388,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":290,"text":"#Symptoms - Anaemia - 3A9Z\nThe most common symptom of anaemia is fatigue or weakness. Other signs and symptoms of anaemia include: Shortness of breath, Dizziness, Headache Coldness in the hands and feet, Pale skin, Chest pain.","entities":[{"id":5357,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":19},{"id":5358,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":54,"end_offset":61},{"id":5359,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":65,"end_offset":84},{"id":5361,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":150},{"id":5362,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":152,"end_offset":161},{"id":5363,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":163,"end_offset":202},{"id":5364,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":204,"end_offset":213},{"id":5365,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":215,"end_offset":225}],"relations":[{"id":2136,"from_id":5358,"to_id":5359,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2137,"from_id":5357,"to_id":5361,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2138,"from_id":5357,"to_id":5362,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2139,"from_id":5357,"to_id":5363,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2140,"from_id":5357,"to_id":5364,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2141,"from_id":5357,"to_id":5365,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":291,"text":"#Complications - Anaemia - 3A9Z\nIron deficiency anaemia rarely causes  any serious or long-term complications. However, some of the complications are listed below: Tiredness. Iron deficiency anaemia can leave a person tired and lethargic (lacking in energy), as a result person may be less productive and active at work. Immune system. Iron deficiency anaemia can affect immune system (the body’s natural defence system), making a person more susceptible to illness and infection. Heart and lung complications. Adults with severe anaemia may be at risk of developing complications that affect their heart or lungs. For example, Tachycardia (an abnormally fast heartbeat), Heart failure, when your heart is not pumping blood around your body very efficiently Pregnancy. Pregnant women with severe anaemia have an increased risk of developing complications, particularly during and after the birth. They may also develop postnatal depression (a type of depression some women experience after having a baby).","entities":[{"id":5407,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":24},{"id":5409,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":32,"end_offset":55},{"id":5410,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":164,"end_offset":173},{"id":5411,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":175,"end_offset":198},{"id":5412,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":218,"end_offset":257},{"id":5413,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":321,"end_offset":334},{"id":5414,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":336,"end_offset":359},{"id":5415,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":390,"end_offset":394},{"id":5416,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":458,"end_offset":465},{"id":5417,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":470,"end_offset":479},{"id":5418,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":523,"end_offset":537},{"id":5419,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":599,"end_offset":604},{"id":5420,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":608,"end_offset":613},{"id":5421,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":628,"end_offset":639},{"id":5422,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":672,"end_offset":685},{"id":5423,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":697,"end_offset":702},{"id":5424,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":736,"end_offset":740},{"id":5425,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":789,"end_offset":803},{"id":5426,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":919,"end_offset":1004}],"relations":[{"id":2158,"from_id":5411,"to_id":5412,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2159,"from_id":5407,"to_id":5410,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2160,"from_id":5407,"to_id":5413,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2161,"from_id":5414,"to_id":5415,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2162,"from_id":5414,"to_id":5416,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2163,"from_id":5414,"to_id":5417,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2164,"from_id":5418,"to_id":5419,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2165,"from_id":5418,"to_id":5420,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2167,"from_id":5407,"to_id":5421,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2168,"from_id":5407,"to_id":5422,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2169,"from_id":5407,"to_id":5426,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Aniseikonia-9D00.5.jsonl

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{"id":407,"text":"#Causes - Aniseikonia - 9D00.5\nAniseikonia may occur naturally or is produced secondary to correction of refractive error. Up to 7% of aniseikonia between two eyes is usually tolerated well, and it corresponds to about 3 dioptres (D) of anisometropia. The measuring unit for refractive error is dioptre (D), which is defined as the reciprocal of the focal length in meters. Causes includes: I. Optical: Inherent, Acquired. II. Anatomical or retinal: Displacement of retinal elements, Separation of neuroepithelial elements, Streching of retina, Retinal oedema. III. Central or cortical: Asymmetrical simultaneous perception by cerebral cortex.","entities":[{"id":7303,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":22},{"id":7308,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":275,"end_offset":291},{"id":7309,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":394,"end_offset":401},{"id":7310,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":403,"end_offset":411},{"id":7304,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":31,"end_offset":43},{"id":7305,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":121},{"id":7306,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":135,"end_offset":147},{"id":7307,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":237,"end_offset":250},{"id":7311,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":413,"end_offset":421},{"id":7312,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":427,"end_offset":448},{"id":7313,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":450,"end_offset":482},{"id":7315,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":524,"end_offset":543},{"id":7318,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":587,"end_offset":642},{"id":7314,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":484,"end_offset":522},{"id":7316,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":545,"end_offset":559},{"id":7317,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":566,"end_offset":585}],"relations":[{"id":3160,"from_id":7304,"to_id":7305,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3161,"from_id":7306,"to_id":7307,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3162,"from_id":7303,"to_id":7309,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3163,"from_id":7303,"to_id":7310,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3164,"from_id":7303,"to_id":7311,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3165,"from_id":7303,"to_id":7312,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3166,"from_id":7303,"to_id":7313,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3167,"from_id":7303,"to_id":7314,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3168,"from_id":7303,"to_id":7315,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3169,"from_id":7303,"to_id":7316,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3170,"from_id":7303,"to_id":7317,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3171,"from_id":7303,"to_id":7318,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":408,"text":"#Diagnosis - Aniseikonia - 9D00.5\nDiagnosis depends upon clinical symptoms and retinoscopic examination in patients with defective visual acuity. Clinical aniseikonia may be defined as the amount of aniseikonia that is necessary to correct to eliminate symptoms. It usually occurs when the difference in image size between two eyes approaches 0.75%. Clinical types of aniseikonia: Aniseikonia may be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical aniseikonia: In symmetrical aniseikonia, one image is larger than the other, either in all dimensions or in one meridian only. This difference in meridian may be oblique. Overall aniseikonia, Meridional or cylindrical aniseikonia, Compound aniseikonia. Asymmetrical aniseikonia: In asymmetrical aniseikonia, the image is distorted in some degree. This may be: Prismatic type, Pincushion type, Barrel type, Oblique type. Tests for aniseikonia: An eikonometer is an instrument used to detect and measure aniseikonia. There are two basic types of eikonometer, the direct eikonometer and the space eikonometer. Clinically, a simple printed direct comparison aniseikonia test and a computerised test is available to analyse aniseikonia.","entities":[{"id":7320,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":79,"end_offset":103},{"id":7322,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":199,"end_offset":211},{"id":7323,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":263,"end_offset":266},{"id":7324,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":368,"end_offset":379},{"id":7325,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":381,"end_offset":393},{"id":7328,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":619,"end_offset":638},{"id":7330,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":679,"end_offset":699},{"id":7331,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":701,"end_offset":725},{"id":7332,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":730,"end_offset":754},{"id":7335,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":950,"end_offset":961},{"id":7338,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1009,"end_offset":1027},{"id":7340,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1067,"end_offset":1118},{"id":7342,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1167,"end_offset":1178},{"id":7321,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":146,"end_offset":166},{"id":7326,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":436,"end_offset":459},{"id":7327,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":464,"end_offset":487},{"id":7329,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":640,"end_offset":677},{"id":7333,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":868,"end_offset":874},{"id":7334,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":878,"end_offset":889},{"id":7336,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":894,"end_offset":906},{"id":7337,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":992,"end_offset":1003},{"id":7339,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1036,"end_offset":1053},{"id":7341,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1123,"end_offset":1142},{"id":7319,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":25}],"relations":[{"id":3172,"from_id":7319,"to_id":7320,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3173,"from_id":7334,"to_id":7336,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3176,"from_id":7319,"to_id":7338,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3177,"from_id":7319,"to_id":7339,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3179,"from_id":7342,"to_id":7341,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3180,"from_id":7342,"to_id":7340,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":409,"text":"#Overview - Aniseikonia - 9D00.5\nAniseikonia is defined as a difference in the shape and\/or size of images presented to the visual cortex by two eyes. The brain is unable to fuse two images, resulting in an extra ghost image or diplopia. Aniseikonia is often produced due to significant amount of anisometropia, especially when it is corrected by spectacles instead of contact lenses.  It is difficult to detect aniseikonia based on history and clinical examination. Aniseikonia precludes fusion of images when the degree is large. Despite this, it is rare that a patient volunteer a difference in image size and\/or shape between the two eyes. Aniseikonia is usually considered clinically significant when the image size difference is greater than 4 percent, but many patients experience distortions in spatial perception and\/or uncomfortable binocular vision with differences as small as 2 percent.","entities":[{"id":7345,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":155,"end_offset":161},{"id":7346,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":228,"end_offset":236},{"id":7347,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":238,"end_offset":250},{"id":7358,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":412,"end_offset":424},{"id":7360,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":467,"end_offset":479},{"id":7343,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":24},{"id":7355,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":268,"end_offset":383},{"id":7344,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":33,"end_offset":45},{"id":7361,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":644,"end_offset":656}],"relations":[{"id":3194,"from_id":7347,"to_id":7355,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":410,"text":"#Symptoms - Aniseikonia - 9D00.5\nTolerance for the disease varies amongst individual patient. Some patients apparently are able to tolerate rather large aniseikonia and others suffer severe symptoms with even smaller degree. It is when difference in size of the image or meridional distortions approaches tolerance levels that the symptoms manifest. Meridional distortions are poorly tolerated, especially when they are oblique. When the variation in magnification or meridional distortion between two eyes is disproportionately high, it may produce symptoms such as Headache, Asthenopia (eye strain), Ocular discomfort or fatigue, Blurring of vision, Difficulty in reading, Photophobia, Disturbances in binocular vision, Amblyopia in children at an early stage of life, Diplopia, Disorientation, Disturbance in depth perception, Dizziness.","entities":[{"id":7380,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":153,"end_offset":165},{"id":7384,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":567,"end_offset":575},{"id":7385,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":577,"end_offset":600},{"id":7386,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":602,"end_offset":630},{"id":7388,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":652,"end_offset":673},{"id":7391,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":722,"end_offset":769},{"id":7392,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":771,"end_offset":779},{"id":7393,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":781,"end_offset":795},{"id":7395,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":830,"end_offset":839},{"id":7387,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":632,"end_offset":650},{"id":7389,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":675,"end_offset":686},{"id":7390,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":688,"end_offset":720},{"id":7394,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":797,"end_offset":828},{"id":7376,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":24}],"relations":[{"id":3196,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7384,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3197,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7385,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3198,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7386,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3199,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7387,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3200,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7388,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3201,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7389,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3202,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7390,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3203,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7391,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3204,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7392,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3205,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7393,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3206,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7394,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3207,"from_id":7376,"to_id":7395,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":411,"text":"#Treatment - Aniseikonia - 9D00.5\nMedical therapy: Principal factors which influence optical correction are aniseikonia and amblyopia. Anisometropia or difference in the refractive error of the two eyes is the most common cause of aniseikonia. Medical therapy includes: Spectacles: The corrective glasses may be tolerated up to a maximum difference of 4 D in two eyes. A difference more than 4 D produces diplopia. In children younger than 12 years of age, where best visual correction is required in both the eyes, contact lenses are preferred. In adults, best correction may be prescribed which does not result in ocular discomfort. Contact lenses: Contact lenses are advised for higher degrees of anisometropia. These are more useful in young children with high anisometropia, who may become amblyopic in more ametropic eye. Surgical therapy: This is the preferred mode of treatment. Surgical therapy includes: Intraocular lens implantation, Refractive corneal surgery, Removal of crystalline lens, Phakic IOL, Clear lens extraction with the implantation of an IOL.\n ","entities":[{"id":7410,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":760,"end_offset":778},{"id":7412,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":828,"end_offset":844},{"id":7415,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":945,"end_offset":971},{"id":7416,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":973,"end_offset":1000},{"id":7417,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":1002,"end_offset":1012},{"id":7396,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":25},{"id":7399,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":124,"end_offset":133},{"id":7403,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":231,"end_offset":242},{"id":7405,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":270,"end_offset":280},{"id":7406,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":405,"end_offset":413},{"id":7407,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":635,"end_offset":649},{"id":7397,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":34,"end_offset":49},{"id":7398,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":108,"end_offset":120},{"id":7402,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":135,"end_offset":202},{"id":7404,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":244,"end_offset":259},{"id":7408,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":651,"end_offset":665},{"id":7409,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":700,"end_offset":713},{"id":7411,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":795,"end_offset":826},{"id":7413,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":887,"end_offset":903},{"id":7414,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":914,"end_offset":943},{"id":7418,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":1014,"end_offset":1067}],"relations":[{"id":3208,"from_id":7398,"to_id":7397,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3209,"from_id":7403,"to_id":7402,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3210,"from_id":7396,"to_id":7405,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3211,"from_id":7396,"to_id":7407,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3212,"from_id":7413,"to_id":7396,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3213,"from_id":7414,"to_id":7396,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3214,"from_id":7415,"to_id":7396,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3215,"from_id":7416,"to_id":7396,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3216,"from_id":7417,"to_id":7396,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3217,"from_id":7418,"to_id":7396,"type":"surgery_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Anisometropia-9D00.4.jsonl

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+{"id":397,"text":"#Diagnosis - Anisometropia - 9D00.4\nDiagnosis depends upon retinoscopic examination in patients with defective visual acuity. Clinical types of Anisometropia: Anisometropia may be absolute or relative. I. Absolute anisometropia: In this condition, refractive power of the two eyes is not equal. This is further divided into Simple anisometropia, Compound anisometropia, Mixed anisometropia, Simple astigmatic anisometropia, Compound astigmatic anisometropia. II. Relative anisometropia: It is that refractive anomaly in which although the total refraction of the two eyes is nearly equal, the component elements in each show relatively large differences. Visual status in anisometropia: There are various visual possibilities Binocular single vision, Amblyopia, Alternating vision, Strabismus. Tests for binocular vision: Binocular vision may be assessed by using FRIEND test or Worth’s four-dot test. I. FRIEND test: In this test, alternate letters are green and red in colour. Letters F, I and N are in green colour and the letters R, E and D are in red colour. This is available in Snellen’s distance vision chart. Patient is seated 6 meters from the Snellen’s chart and wears diplopia goggles with red glass in front of the right eye and green glass in front of the left eye. Patient then reads letters FRIEND on Snellen’s chart. II. Worth’s four-dot test: Patient wears diplopia goggles with red glass in front of the right eye and green glass in front of the left eye. Patient views Snellen’s distance vision chart having four dots of light viz. one red, two green and one white.","entities":[{"id":7065,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":27},{"id":7066,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":59,"end_offset":83},{"id":7067,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":144,"end_offset":157},{"id":7068,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":159,"end_offset":173},{"id":7069,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":205,"end_offset":227},{"id":7073,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":324,"end_offset":344},{"id":7074,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":346,"end_offset":368},{"id":7075,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":370,"end_offset":389},{"id":7076,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":391,"end_offset":422},{"id":7077,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":424,"end_offset":457},{"id":7078,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":463,"end_offset":485},{"id":7079,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":672,"end_offset":685},{"id":7080,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":794,"end_offset":800},{"id":7081,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":864,"end_offset":875},{"id":7082,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":879,"end_offset":900},{"id":7083,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":905,"end_offset":916},{"id":7084,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":926,"end_offset":930},{"id":7085,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1338,"end_offset":1359}],"relations":[{"id":3057,"from_id":7065,"to_id":7066,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3058,"from_id":7065,"to_id":7081,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3059,"from_id":7065,"to_id":7082,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":398,"text":"#Causes - Anisometropia - 9D00.4\nAnisometropia may be congenital or acquired. Congenital and developmental anisometropia: This is produced due to differential growth of each eyeball. It is hereditary in origin. Acquired anisometropia: This is produced by Post cataract surgery uniocular aphakia, Incorrect power of intraocular lens implant in patients of pseudophakia, Eye injury, Inadvertent surgical treatment of refractive error, Keratoplasty in one eye. ","entities":[{"id":7086,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":24},{"id":7087,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":33,"end_offset":47},{"id":7088,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":78,"end_offset":120},{"id":7089,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":139,"end_offset":181},{"id":7090,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":233},{"id":7091,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":255,"end_offset":294},{"id":7092,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":296,"end_offset":367},{"id":7093,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":369,"end_offset":379},{"id":7094,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":381,"end_offset":431},{"id":7095,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":433,"end_offset":456}],"relations":[{"id":3060,"from_id":7088,"to_id":7089,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3061,"from_id":7090,"to_id":7091,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3062,"from_id":7090,"to_id":7092,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3063,"from_id":7090,"to_id":7093,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3064,"from_id":7090,"to_id":7094,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3065,"from_id":7090,"to_id":7095,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":399,"text":"#Symptoms - Anisometropia - 9D00.4\nAnisometropia occurs because of uncorrected unequal refractive error between fellow eyes. Uncorrected anisometropia produces Accommodative asthenopia, Alternating vision, Blurring of image in one eye, Abnormal binocular interaction produced by dissimilar images on retina, Diplopia (double vision), Amblyopia (inability to see image from one eye), Strabismus (squint).\n ","entities":[{"id":7096,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":26},{"id":7097,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":35,"end_offset":49},{"id":7098,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":67,"end_offset":123},{"id":7099,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":125,"end_offset":151},{"id":7100,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":160,"end_offset":184},{"id":7101,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":186,"end_offset":204},{"id":7102,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":206,"end_offset":234},{"id":7103,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":236,"end_offset":306},{"id":7104,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":308,"end_offset":332},{"id":7105,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":334,"end_offset":381},{"id":7106,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":383,"end_offset":402}],"relations":[{"id":3066,"from_id":7097,"to_id":7098,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3067,"from_id":7099,"to_id":7100,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3068,"from_id":7099,"to_id":7101,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3069,"from_id":7099,"to_id":7102,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3070,"from_id":7099,"to_id":7103,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3071,"from_id":7099,"to_id":7104,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3072,"from_id":7099,"to_id":7105,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3073,"from_id":7099,"to_id":7106,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":400,"text":"#Overview - Anisometropia - 9D00.4\nAnisometropia is an optical state with unequal refraction of the two eyes. The amount of spherical refractive error (myopia or hypermetropia) is usually about the same for both the eyes in most of the people. Generally, anisometropia is considered to exist if the refraction differs by 1.0 dioptres (D) or more for the two eyes. The measuring unit for refractive error is dioptre (D), which is defined as the reciprocal of the focal length in meters. Anisometropia is the most insidious refractive condition because it is often asymptomatic. The term antimetropia is used when one eye is myopic and the other is hypermetropic. Anisometropia due to refractive myopia or hypermetropia is known as refractive anisometropia and that due to axial ametropia is known as axial anisometropia. Anisometropia due to difference in refractive error along one meridian only is called meridional anisometropia.","entities":[{"id":7107,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":26},{"id":7108,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":35,"end_offset":49},{"id":7109,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":123,"end_offset":176},{"id":7110,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":255,"end_offset":269},{"id":7111,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":387,"end_offset":403},{"id":7112,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":486,"end_offset":500},{"id":7113,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":563,"end_offset":575},{"id":7114,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":586,"end_offset":599},{"id":7115,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":623,"end_offset":630},{"id":7116,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":647,"end_offset":660},{"id":7117,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":662,"end_offset":676},{"id":7118,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":694,"end_offset":701},{"id":7119,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":704,"end_offset":718},{"id":7120,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":730,"end_offset":754},{"id":7121,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":799,"end_offset":818},{"id":7122,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":820,"end_offset":834},{"id":7123,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":855,"end_offset":871},{"id":7124,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":906,"end_offset":930},{"id":7125,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":771,"end_offset":786}],"relations":[{"id":3074,"from_id":7112,"to_id":7113,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3075,"from_id":7114,"to_id":7115,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3078,"from_id":7117,"to_id":7119,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3079,"from_id":7121,"to_id":7125,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3080,"from_id":7122,"to_id":7123,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3076,"from_id":7114,"to_id":7116,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3077,"from_id":7117,"to_id":7118,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":401,"text":"#Treatment - Anisometropia - 9D00.4\nMedical therapy: Principal factors which influence optical correction of anisometropia are aniseikonia and amblyopia. Medical therapy includes: Spectacles: The corrective glasses may be tolerated up to a maximum difference of 4 D in two eyes. A difference more than 4 D produces diplopia. In children younger than 12 years of age, where best visual correction is required in both the eyes, contact lenses are preferred. In adults, best correction may be prescribed which does not result in ocular discomfort. Contact lenses: Contact lenses are advised for higher degrees of anisometropia. These are more useful in young children with high anisometropia, who may become amblyopic in more ametropic eye. Surgical therapy: This is the preferred mode of treatment. Surgical therapy includes: Intraocular lens implantation, Refractive corneal surgery, Removal of crystalline lens, Phakic IOL, Clear lens extraction with the implantation of an IOL.","entities":[{"id":7126,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":27},{"id":7127,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":36,"end_offset":51},{"id":7128,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":109,"end_offset":123},{"id":7129,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":127,"end_offset":139},{"id":7130,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":152},{"id":7131,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":154,"end_offset":169},{"id":7132,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":180,"end_offset":190},{"id":7133,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":545,"end_offset":559},{"id":7134,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":561,"end_offset":575},{"id":7135,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":610,"end_offset":623},{"id":7137,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":670,"end_offset":688},{"id":7138,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":705,"end_offset":736},{"id":7139,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":738,"end_offset":754},{"id":7140,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":797,"end_offset":813},{"id":7145,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":924,"end_offset":977},{"id":7141,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":824,"end_offset":853},{"id":7142,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":855,"end_offset":881},{"id":7143,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":883,"end_offset":910},{"id":7144,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":912,"end_offset":922}],"relations":[{"id":3081,"from_id":7127,"to_id":7128,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3082,"from_id":7128,"to_id":7129,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3083,"from_id":7128,"to_id":7130,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3084,"from_id":7132,"to_id":7126,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3085,"from_id":7134,"to_id":7135,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3086,"from_id":7137,"to_id":7138,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3087,"from_id":7139,"to_id":7126,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3088,"from_id":7141,"to_id":7126,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3089,"from_id":7142,"to_id":7126,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3090,"from_id":7143,"to_id":7126,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3091,"from_id":7144,"to_id":7126,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3092,"from_id":7145,"to_id":7126,"type":"surgery_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Ankyloblepharon-LA14.07.jsonl

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+{"id":386,"text":"#Causes - Ankyloblepharon - LA14.07\nVarious aetiologies for acquired ankyloblepharon have been described: Chemical injuries to the eyes, Burns, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Post traumatic prolonged contact of upper and lower eyelid, Trachoma, Ulcerative blepharitis, Herpes simplex blepharoconjunctivitis, Diphtheritic conjunctivitis.","entities":[{"id":6994,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":25},{"id":6995,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":60,"end_offset":84},{"id":6996,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":106,"end_offset":135},{"id":6997,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":137,"end_offset":142},{"id":6998,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":144,"end_offset":168},{"id":6999,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":170,"end_offset":228},{"id":7000,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":230,"end_offset":238},{"id":7001,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":240,"end_offset":263},{"id":7002,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":264,"end_offset":301},{"id":7003,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":303,"end_offset":330}],"relations":[{"id":3014,"from_id":6995,"to_id":6996,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3015,"from_id":6995,"to_id":6997,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3016,"from_id":6995,"to_id":6998,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3017,"from_id":6995,"to_id":6999,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3018,"from_id":6995,"to_id":7000,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3019,"from_id":6995,"to_id":7001,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3020,"from_id":6995,"to_id":7002,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3021,"from_id":6995,"to_id":7003,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":387,"text":"#Diagnosis - Ankyloblepharon - LA14.07\nDiagnosis of ankyloblepharon is based on clinical features. Congenital ankyloblepharon: The eyelid margins are usually fused laterally, and less commonly medially. This condition may be associated with other developmental anomalies such as ptosis, microphthalmos, anophthalmos, or cleft lip. Acquired ankyloblepharon: Commonly, acquired ankyloblepharon is due to progressive conjunctival scarring resulting in fusion of the eyelids. Patients usually have a history of progressive scarring related to the primary disease. The eyelids show fusion from scar tissue.\n\n","entities":[{"id":7004,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":28},{"id":7005,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":39,"end_offset":48},{"id":7006,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":52,"end_offset":67},{"id":7007,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":99,"end_offset":125},{"id":7008,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":127,"end_offset":137},{"id":7009,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":203,"end_offset":217},{"id":7010,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":279,"end_offset":285},{"id":7011,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":287,"end_offset":301},{"id":7012,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":303,"end_offset":315},{"id":7013,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":320,"end_offset":329},{"id":7014,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":331,"end_offset":355},{"id":7015,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":367,"end_offset":391},{"id":7016,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":402,"end_offset":435},{"id":7017,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":463,"end_offset":470},{"id":7018,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":507,"end_offset":527},{"id":7019,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":560,"end_offset":571},{"id":7020,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":589,"end_offset":600}],"relations":[{"id":3023,"from_id":7007,"to_id":7008,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3024,"from_id":7006,"to_id":7005,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3025,"from_id":7009,"to_id":7011,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3026,"from_id":7009,"to_id":7012,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3027,"from_id":7009,"to_id":7013,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3022,"from_id":7009,"to_id":7010,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3028,"from_id":7015,"to_id":7016,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3029,"from_id":7015,"to_id":7017,"type":"affects_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":388,"text":"#Symptoms - Ankyloblepharon - LA14.07\nPatients may have symptoms such as: Complete, partial, or interrupted fusion of upper and lower eyelids. Horizontal foreshortening of the palpebral fissure. Pseudoexotropia due to lateral ankyloblepharon. Pseudoesotropia due to medial ankyloblepharon. Reduced eyelid excursion. Associated features such as anophthalmos (absence of eyeball), microphthalmos (small eyeball), ptosis (drooping of eyelid), or cleft lip. Downward displacement of lateral canthal angle. Large fluid cyst due to accumulation of lacrimal tears in cases of total ankyloblepharon.","entities":[{"id":7021,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":27},{"id":7023,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":74,"end_offset":141},{"id":7024,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":193},{"id":7025,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":242},{"id":7026,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":243,"end_offset":288},{"id":7027,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":290,"end_offset":314},{"id":7029,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":316,"end_offset":452},{"id":7030,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":454,"end_offset":500},{"id":7033,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":569,"end_offset":590},{"id":7032,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":502,"end_offset":556}],"relations":[{"id":3030,"from_id":7033,"to_id":7032,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3031,"from_id":7021,"to_id":7023,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3032,"from_id":7021,"to_id":7024,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3033,"from_id":7021,"to_id":7025,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3034,"from_id":7021,"to_id":7026,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3035,"from_id":7021,"to_id":7027,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3036,"from_id":7021,"to_id":7029,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3037,"from_id":7021,"to_id":7030,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":389,"text":"#Overview - Ankyloblepharon - LA14.07\nAnkyloblepharon is defined as adhesion of the edges of upper eyelid with the lower eyelid. The eyelids maintain their integrity and identity. The condition is usually congenital but may be acquired. In congenital ankyloblepharon, the fused eyelids fail to separate completely during development of embryo. Congenital ankyloblepharon is caused by developmental arrest leading to aberration in growth at either medial or lateral canthus. It may occur as a sporadic finding or in association with chromosomal\/syndromic conditions. Ankyloblepharon may also develop following: chemical injuries to the eyes, Trauma, Cicatrising diseases such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or cicatricial ocular pemphigoid, Inflammatory diseases such as herpes simplex infection or ulcerative blepharitis.","entities":[{"id":7034,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":27},{"id":7035,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":38,"end_offset":53},{"id":7036,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":68,"end_offset":127},{"id":7037,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":140},{"id":7038,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":180,"end_offset":193},{"id":7039,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":240,"end_offset":266},{"id":7040,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":272,"end_offset":302},{"id":7041,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":344,"end_offset":370},{"id":7042,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":384,"end_offset":472},{"id":7043,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":532,"end_offset":564},{"id":7044,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":474,"end_offset":476},{"id":7045,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":566,"end_offset":581},{"id":7046,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":610,"end_offset":639},{"id":7047,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":641,"end_offset":647},{"id":7048,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":649,"end_offset":735},{"id":7049,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":737,"end_offset":817}],"relations":[{"id":3038,"from_id":7035,"to_id":7036,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3039,"from_id":7039,"to_id":7040,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3040,"from_id":7041,"to_id":7042,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3041,"from_id":7044,"to_id":7043,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3042,"from_id":7045,"to_id":7046,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3043,"from_id":7045,"to_id":7047,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3044,"from_id":7045,"to_id":7048,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3045,"from_id":7045,"to_id":7049,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":390,"text":"#Treatment - Ankyloblepharon - LA14.07\nTreatment should be carried out under medical supervision. Indications for therapy in cases of congenital and acquired cases of ankyloblepharon are similar. Presence of a significant central ankyloblepharon may occlude vision. In congenital type, it may potentially cause an occlusion type amblyopia. A significant nasal or temporal ankyloblepharon may restrict peripheral vision. Normal opening and closing of eyes may also be affected. Surgical therapy: A potential contraindication to ankyloblepharon surgery is the problem of corneal exposure following release of marginal adhesions. This is significant in cases of ankyloblepharon developing after trauma, since other injuries such as damage to fifth and seventh intracranial nerve may be present.","entities":[{"id":7050,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":28},{"id":7051,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":77,"end_offset":96},{"id":7052,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":114,"end_offset":121},{"id":7053,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":167,"end_offset":182},{"id":7054,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":222,"end_offset":245},{"id":7055,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":250,"end_offset":264},{"id":7056,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":314,"end_offset":338},{"id":7057,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":286,"end_offset":288},{"id":7058,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":387},{"id":7059,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":392,"end_offset":418},{"id":7060,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":450,"end_offset":454},{"id":7061,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":477,"end_offset":493},{"id":7062,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":527,"end_offset":542},{"id":7063,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":543,"end_offset":550},{"id":7064,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":569,"end_offset":585},{"id":7070,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":659,"end_offset":674},{"id":7072,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":712,"end_offset":775},{"id":7071,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":692,"end_offset":698}],"relations":[{"id":3046,"from_id":7051,"to_id":7050,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3047,"from_id":7052,"to_id":7053,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3048,"from_id":7054,"to_id":7055,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3049,"from_id":7057,"to_id":7056,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3050,"from_id":7058,"to_id":7059,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3051,"from_id":7063,"to_id":7062,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3052,"from_id":7061,"to_id":7062,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3053,"from_id":7063,"to_id":7064,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":3054,"from_id":7061,"to_id":7064,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":3055,"from_id":7070,"to_id":7071,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3056,"from_id":7070,"to_id":7072,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Antepartum_hemorrhage-JA41.Z.jsonl

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+{"id":379,"text":"#Causes - Antepartum hemorrhage - JA41.Z\nThe causes of APH include: placenta praevia, placental abruption and local causes (such as bleeding from the vulva, vagina or cervix). Abruption is more likely to be related to conditions occurring during pregnancy and placenta praevia is more likely to be related to conditions existing prior to pregnancy. Placenta praevia is defined as a placenta that lies wholly or partly within the lower uterine segment. It occurs in .4%-.8 % of pregnancies. The condition is mostly diagnosed on ultrasound examination. Factors associated with the development of placenta praevia include: increasing maternal parity, advancing maternal age, increasing placental size (multiple pregnancy), endometrial damage (previous dilatation and curettage), endometritis previous caesarean section, uterine scars and pathology, previous myomectomy, placental abnormalities, previous placental praevia, andcigarette smoking. Placental abruption\/ abruptio placentae –Placental abruption is the premature separation of a normally situated placenta from the uterine wall, resulting in haemorrhage before the delivery of the foetus. Placenta accrete- When the placenta (or part of the Placenta) invades and is inseparable from the uterine wall, it is called placenta accrete. It can cause bleeding during the third trimester and severe blood loss during delivery. Other causes-In a small proportion of cases cervicitis, trauma, vulval varicosities (varicose veins at the outer surface of the female genitalia -vulva), genital tumours, genital infections and vasa previa may be the cause of APH. Many of these conditions are evident on the initial speculum examination.","entities":[{"id":6861,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":176,"end_offset":185},{"id":6862,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":260,"end_offset":276},{"id":6863,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":349,"end_offset":365},{"id":6864,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":429,"end_offset":450},{"id":6865,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":527,"end_offset":549},{"id":6866,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":490,"end_offset":503},{"id":6869,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":672,"end_offset":718},{"id":6870,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":720,"end_offset":774},{"id":6872,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":817,"end_offset":844},{"id":6875,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":892,"end_offset":918},{"id":6876,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":920,"end_offset":940},{"id":6877,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":942,"end_offset":961},{"id":6879,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":983,"end_offset":1002},{"id":6880,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1054,"end_offset":1084},{"id":6883,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1244,"end_offset":1256},{"id":6885,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1271,"end_offset":1287},{"id":6886,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1395,"end_offset":1431},{"id":6890,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1548,"end_offset":1566},{"id":6858,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":31},{"id":6859,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":68,"end_offset":84},{"id":6867,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":620,"end_offset":646},{"id":6868,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":648,"end_offset":670},{"id":6871,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":776,"end_offset":815},{"id":6873,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":846,"end_offset":865},{"id":6874,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":867,"end_offset":890},{"id":6878,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":963,"end_offset":981},{"id":6881,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1138,"end_offset":1144},{"id":6882,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1146,"end_offset":1162},{"id":6884,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1173,"end_offset":1181},{"id":6887,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1433,"end_offset":1439},{"id":6888,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1441,"end_offset":1529},{"id":6889,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1531,"end_offset":1546},{"id":6891,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":1571,"end_offset":1582},{"id":6892,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1603,"end_offset":1606},{"id":6860,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":86,"end_offset":174}],"relations":[{"id":2934,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6859,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2935,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6860,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2936,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6862,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2937,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6863,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2938,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6867,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2939,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6868,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2940,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6869,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2941,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6870,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2942,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6871,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2943,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6872,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2944,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6873,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2945,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6874,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2946,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6875,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2947,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6876,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2948,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6877,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2949,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6878,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2950,"from_id":6858,"to_id":6882,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2951,"from_id":6892,"to_id":6886,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2952,"from_id":6892,"to_id":6887,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2953,"from_id":6892,"to_id":6888,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2954,"from_id":6892,"to_id":6889,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2955,"from_id":6892,"to_id":6890,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2956,"from_id":6892,"to_id":6891,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":380,"text":"#Complications - Antepartum hemorrhage - JA41.Z\nAPH is associated with complications for the mother and her foetus. Complications are more likely to occur: when haemorrhage is due to a placental cause (abruption or placenta praevia), when the bleeding is heavy and when the bleeding occurs at early gestations. For the mother, APH can lead to: Anaemia, Infection, Maternal shock due to blood loss, Failure of the kidneys or other organs resulting from significant blood loss, Blood clotting problems (disseminated intravascular coagulation-DIC), Need for a blood transfusion, Postpartum haemorrhage, Pronged hospital stay, Psychological sequelae, Couvelaire uterus- This may occur after placental abruption. It is a phenomenon wherein the retroplacental blood may penetrate through the thickness of the wall of the uterus into the peritoneal cavity. Rarely, when uterine bleeding cannot be controlled, hysterectomy may be necessary. For the baby, APH can lead to: Restricted growth from not getting enough nutrients, Fetal hypoxia (not getting enough oxygen), Premature birth, Stillbirth.","entities":[{"id":6893,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":38},{"id":6897,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":185,"end_offset":200},{"id":6898,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":243,"end_offset":260},{"id":6899,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":327,"end_offset":330},{"id":6900,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":344,"end_offset":351},{"id":6901,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":353,"end_offset":362},{"id":6902,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":364,"end_offset":396},{"id":6903,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":398,"end_offset":474},{"id":6905,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":546,"end_offset":574},{"id":6907,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":600,"end_offset":621},{"id":6910,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":739,"end_offset":848},{"id":6911,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":863,"end_offset":879},{"id":6912,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":947,"end_offset":950},{"id":6914,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1017,"end_offset":1058},{"id":6915,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1060,"end_offset":1075},{"id":6916,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1077,"end_offset":1087},{"id":6894,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":51},{"id":6895,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":161,"end_offset":172},{"id":6904,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":476,"end_offset":544},{"id":6906,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":576,"end_offset":598},{"id":6908,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":623,"end_offset":645},{"id":6909,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":647,"end_offset":664},{"id":6913,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":964,"end_offset":1015}],"relations":[{"id":2957,"from_id":6895,"to_id":6897,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2958,"from_id":6899,"to_id":6900,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2959,"from_id":6899,"to_id":6902,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2960,"from_id":6899,"to_id":6901,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2961,"from_id":6899,"to_id":6903,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2962,"from_id":6899,"to_id":6904,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2963,"from_id":6899,"to_id":6905,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2964,"from_id":6899,"to_id":6906,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2965,"from_id":6899,"to_id":6907,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2967,"from_id":6899,"to_id":6908,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2968,"from_id":6899,"to_id":6909,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2970,"from_id":6893,"to_id":6910,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2971,"from_id":6893,"to_id":6911,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2972,"from_id":6912,"to_id":6913,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2973,"from_id":6912,"to_id":6914,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2974,"from_id":6912,"to_id":6915,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2975,"from_id":6912,"to_id":6916,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":381,"text":"#Diagnosis - Antepartum hemorrhage - JA41.Z\nDiagnosis of antepartum hemorrhage is first based on clinical suspicion. Initially clinical assessment of women presenting with APH is done by medical person to establish urgency of intervention required to manage maternal or fetal compromise. If there is no maternal compromise a full history should be taken. It includes history taking to assess coexisting symptoms such as pain, an assessment of the extent of vaginal bleeding, the cardiovascular condition of the mother, and an assessment of fetal wellbeing. In placenta previa, uterus is felt to be relaxed on palpation and non-tender. Generally presenting part is high up and floating. In placental abruption, the triad of sudden onset of abdominal pain, bleeding per vagina, tense and tender uterus constitutes the main diagnostic criteria. Speculum examination- A speculum examination can be useful to identify cervical dilatation or can visualise a lower genital tract cause for the APH. Blood tests- Full blood count with haemoglobin estimation, Blood grouping with Rh factor, Screening for coagulation factor, Liver function tests, Urea and electrolyte test. Ultrasound scan (USG)- Women presenting with APH should have an ultrasound scan performed to confirm or exclude placenta praevia, if the placental site is not already known. Transvaginal ultrasound is more accurate than transabdominal in diagnosing placenta previa.\n","entities":[{"id":6917,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":34},{"id":6918,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":57,"end_offset":78},{"id":6924,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":560,"end_offset":575},{"id":6927,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":739,"end_offset":753},{"id":6930,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":842,"end_offset":862},{"id":6933,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":991,"end_offset":1002},{"id":6934,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1004,"end_offset":1048},{"id":6935,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1050,"end_offset":1079},{"id":6936,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1081,"end_offset":1113},{"id":6938,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1137,"end_offset":1162},{"id":6939,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1164,"end_offset":1185},{"id":6942,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1276,"end_offset":1292},{"id":6919,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":172,"end_offset":175},{"id":6920,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":420,"end_offset":424},{"id":6921,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":426,"end_offset":473},{"id":6922,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":475,"end_offset":517},{"id":6923,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":526,"end_offset":555},{"id":6925,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":577,"end_offset":583},{"id":6926,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":689,"end_offset":708},{"id":6928,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":755,"end_offset":774},{"id":6929,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":776,"end_offset":840},{"id":6931,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":866,"end_offset":886},{"id":6932,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":986,"end_offset":989},{"id":6937,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1115,"end_offset":1135},{"id":6940,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1209,"end_offset":1212},{"id":6941,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1228,"end_offset":1243},{"id":6943,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1338,"end_offset":1361},{"id":6944,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1413,"end_offset":1428}],"relations":[{"id":2976,"from_id":6924,"to_id":6925,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":2977,"from_id":6932,"to_id":6931,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2978,"from_id":6940,"to_id":6939,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2979,"from_id":6917,"to_id":6933,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2980,"from_id":6917,"to_id":6930,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2981,"from_id":6917,"to_id":6936,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2982,"from_id":6917,"to_id":6937,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2983,"from_id":6917,"to_id":6938,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2984,"from_id":6917,"to_id":6943,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":382,"text":"#Overview - Antepartum hemorrhage - JA41.Z\nAntepartum haemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or in to the genital tract, occurring from 24+0 weeks of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby. APH complicates 3–5% of pregnancies; and is a leading cause of perinatal and maternal mortality worldwide. The causes of APH include: placenta praevia, placental abruption and local causes (such as bleeding from the vulva, vagina or cervix). Placenta previa & placental abruption constitute 50% of APH.","entities":[{"id":6946,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":43,"end_offset":71},{"id":6949,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":324,"end_offset":327},{"id":6950,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":337,"end_offset":353},{"id":6953,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":401,"end_offset":442},{"id":6954,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":445,"end_offset":460},{"id":6955,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":463,"end_offset":482},{"id":6956,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":501,"end_offset":504},{"id":6945,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":33},{"id":6947,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":86,"end_offset":126},{"id":6948,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":203,"end_offset":206},{"id":6951,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":355,"end_offset":374},{"id":6952,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":379,"end_offset":391}],"relations":[{"id":2985,"from_id":6946,"to_id":6947,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2986,"from_id":6949,"to_id":6950,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2987,"from_id":6949,"to_id":6951,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2988,"from_id":6949,"to_id":6952,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2989,"from_id":6949,"to_id":6953,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2990,"from_id":6956,"to_id":6954,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2991,"from_id":6956,"to_id":6955,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":383,"text":"#Symptoms - Antepartum hemorrhage - JA41.Z\nSymptoms of antepartum haemorrhage (APH) consist of vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy and before delivery. Along with vaginal bleeding other symptoms may be- (a) In APH due to placenta previa, vaginal bleeding is painless, or bleeding occurs after sexual intercourse. Initial episodes are usually mild and ceases spontaneously only to recur. Some types of placenta previa resolve on their own by 32–35 weeks of pregnancy as the lower part of the uterus stretches and thins out. Labor and delivery then can occur normally. If placenta previa does not resolve, cesarean delivery may be needed. (b) In APH due to placental abruption symptoms include: Vaginal bleeding, Abdominal pain, Back pain, Uterine tenderness,Uterine contractions, Firmness in the uterus or abdomen","entities":[{"id":6957,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":33},{"id":6959,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":129},{"id":6960,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":209,"end_offset":212},{"id":6963,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":270,"end_offset":310},{"id":6964,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":400,"end_offset":415},{"id":6967,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":643,"end_offset":646},{"id":6968,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":654,"end_offset":673},{"id":6969,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":692,"end_offset":708},{"id":6971,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":726,"end_offset":735},{"id":6958,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":55,"end_offset":83},{"id":6961,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":220,"end_offset":235},{"id":6962,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":237,"end_offset":253},{"id":6965,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":472,"end_offset":496},{"id":6966,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":569,"end_offset":584},{"id":6970,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":710,"end_offset":724},{"id":6972,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":737,"end_offset":755},{"id":6973,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":756,"end_offset":776},{"id":6974,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":778,"end_offset":811}],"relations":[{"id":2992,"from_id":6958,"to_id":6959,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2993,"from_id":6960,"to_id":6963,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2994,"from_id":6960,"to_id":6961,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2995,"from_id":6960,"to_id":6962,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2996,"from_id":6967,"to_id":6968,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2998,"from_id":6967,"to_id":6970,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3000,"from_id":6967,"to_id":6972,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3002,"from_id":6967,"to_id":6974,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2997,"from_id":6967,"to_id":6969,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2999,"from_id":6967,"to_id":6971,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3001,"from_id":6967,"to_id":6973,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":384,"text":"#Prevention - Antepartum hemorrhage - JA41.Z\nRoutine antenatal checkups for early detection of any complication during pregnancy with their proper management such as high blood pressure \/ pre-eclampsia can help in reducing maternal and foetal complications. By preventing certain risk factors during pregnancy such as smoking, drug misuse the chances of APH can also be reduced. Pregnant women should wear seatbelt when in a motor vehicle and seek medical help immediately in case of abdominal trauma from an auto accident, fall or other injury.","entities":[{"id":6975,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":35},{"id":6976,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":45,"end_offset":71},{"id":6977,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":166,"end_offset":185},{"id":6979,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":327,"end_offset":338},{"id":6980,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":357},{"id":6981,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":261,"end_offset":292},{"id":6978,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":318,"end_offset":325},{"id":6982,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":484,"end_offset":500}],"relations":[{"id":3003,"from_id":6980,"to_id":6979,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3004,"from_id":6980,"to_id":6978,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3005,"from_id":6975,"to_id":6981,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":385,"text":"#Treatment - Antepartum hemorrhage - JA41.Z\nManagement of APH depends on various factors. These are-  amount and cause of APH, condition of mother and foetus, duration of pregnancy and presence of associated complication. Each pregnant woman with APH is assessed on an individual basis and according to that clinical judgment is applied. It includes: a) General measures (common to all patients with bleeding) b) Specific measures: Immediate delivery or expectant management and management of complications APH associated with maternal or fetal compromise is an obstetric emergency. Management includes maternal resuscitation and delivery of the foetus. Delivery should be planned in an appropriate setting with adequate resources. Expectant management may be considered when the mother is stable, foetus is immature (<37 weeks). The goal is to prolong pregnancy with the hope of improving foetal maturity and survival. Anti �� D Ig prophylaxis may be given to those women who are Rh negative.","entities":[{"id":6983,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":34},{"id":6984,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":44,"end_offset":54},{"id":6985,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":58,"end_offset":61},{"id":6986,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":122,"end_offset":125},{"id":6987,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":247,"end_offset":250},{"id":6988,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":409},{"id":6989,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":413,"end_offset":430},{"id":6990,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":432,"end_offset":474},{"id":6991,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":479,"end_offset":521},{"id":6992,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":603,"end_offset":652},{"id":6993,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":920,"end_offset":943}],"relations":[{"id":3006,"from_id":6984,"to_id":6985,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3007,"from_id":6988,"to_id":6987,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3008,"from_id":6989,"to_id":6987,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3009,"from_id":6990,"to_id":6987,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3010,"from_id":6990,"to_id":6987,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3011,"from_id":6991,"to_id":6987,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3012,"from_id":6992,"to_id":6983,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3013,"from_id":6993,"to_id":6983,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

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+{"id":309,"text":"#Complications - Anthrax - 1B97\nUp to 20% of the cutaneous cases are fatal if not treated. Gastrointestinal anthrax can lead to blood poisoning, shock, and death. Intestinal anthrax results in death in 25% to 60% of cases. Pulmonary anthrax can cause severe breathing problems, shock, and often meningitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord covering).Pulmonary or inhalation anthrax is always fatal.","entities":[{"id":5788,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":115},{"id":5793,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":163,"end_offset":181},{"id":5794,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":193,"end_offset":198},{"id":5797,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":278,"end_offset":283},{"id":5799,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":359,"end_offset":390},{"id":5790,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":128,"end_offset":143},{"id":5791,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":145,"end_offset":150},{"id":5792,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":156,"end_offset":161},{"id":5795,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":223,"end_offset":240},{"id":5796,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":251,"end_offset":276},{"id":5798,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":294,"end_offset":357},{"id":5785,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":24}],"relations":[{"id":2376,"from_id":5788,"to_id":5790,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2377,"from_id":5788,"to_id":5791,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2378,"from_id":5788,"to_id":5792,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2379,"from_id":5793,"to_id":5794,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2380,"from_id":5795,"to_id":5796,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2381,"from_id":5795,"to_id":5797,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2382,"from_id":5795,"to_id":5798,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":310,"text":"#Causes - Anthrax - 1B97\nAnthrax is caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis, an encapulated and spore-forming bacillus. Humans generally acquire the disease from infected animals or as a result of occupational exposure to contaminated animal products. Infected animals shed the bacilli in terminal hemorrhage or spilt blood at death. On exposure to the air, the vegetative forms sporulate (formation of spores). Contaminated animal products and vultures who feed on anthrax infected carcasses also spread the organism from one area to another.\n\n","entities":[{"id":5802,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":46,"end_offset":108},{"id":5803,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":113,"end_offset":151},{"id":5804,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":178,"end_offset":189},{"id":5808,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":211},{"id":5800,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":17},{"id":5801,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":25,"end_offset":32},{"id":5809,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":230,"end_offset":283},{"id":5810,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":285,"end_offset":365},{"id":5812,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":445,"end_offset":525}],"relations":[{"id":2383,"from_id":5801,"to_id":5802,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2384,"from_id":5801,"to_id":5803,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2387,"from_id":5804,"to_id":5808,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2389,"from_id":5804,"to_id":5809,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2390,"from_id":5800,"to_id":5810,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2391,"from_id":5800,"to_id":5812,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":311,"text":"#Overview - Anthrax - 1B97\nAnthrax is an infectious zoonotic disease (could be transferred from animals to humans). It is primarily a disease of herbivorous animals particularly cattles sheep, goats, horses and mules. The disease naturally occurs among herbivorous animals through contaminated soil and feed; among omnivorous and carnivorous animals through contaminated meat, bone meals or other feeds; and among wild animals from feeding on anthrax infected carcasses. Infected animals shed the bacilli in terminal hemorrhage or spilt blood at death. Anthrax spores can persist in soil for many years. Humans almost invariably contract the natural disease directly or indirectly from animals or animal products. Anthrax is existed in many parts of the world, including Asia, southern Europe, sub-Sahelian Africa and parts of Australia. Anthrax also called Malignant pustule, Malignant oedema, Woolsorter's disease, or Ragpicker's disease.","entities":[{"id":5864,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":27,"end_offset":34},{"id":5865,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":218,"end_offset":229},{"id":5868,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":443,"end_offset":469},{"id":5869,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":497,"end_offset":504},{"id":5871,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":537,"end_offset":542},{"id":5873,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":714,"end_offset":721},{"id":5874,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":838,"end_offset":845},{"id":5875,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":858,"end_offset":875},{"id":5876,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":877,"end_offset":893},{"id":5879,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":41,"end_offset":68},{"id":5863,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":19},{"id":5866,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":253,"end_offset":272},{"id":5867,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":401},{"id":5870,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":553,"end_offset":567},{"id":5872,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":638,"end_offset":657},{"id":5877,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":895,"end_offset":915},{"id":5878,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":920,"end_offset":939}],"relations":[{"id":2416,"from_id":5865,"to_id":5866,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2417,"from_id":5865,"to_id":5867,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2418,"from_id":5865,"to_id":5868,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2419,"from_id":5864,"to_id":5879,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":312,"text":"#Diagnosis - Anthrax - 1B97\nLaboratory confirmation is made by the demonstration of B. anthracis from the blood, skin lesions or respiratory secretions by direct polychrome methylene blue stained smears, although it is rapid and results are available in 2-3 hours, it is not specific. Laboratory confirmation can be done by Culture or by inoculation of mice, guinea pig or rabbits. Culture and Identification takes 24-48 hours and gives presumptive diagnosis that needs to be confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or animal pathogenicity test. PCR test recommended on suspected bacterial colonies. PCR can also be attempted from the direct sample. Thus, a total of 36 to 48 hours are required to confirm the diagnosis.","entities":[{"id":5830,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":324,"end_offset":380},{"id":5835,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":437,"end_offset":458},{"id":5837,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":489,"end_offset":520},{"id":5823,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":20},{"id":5827,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":67,"end_offset":151},{"id":5832,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":382,"end_offset":408},{"id":5838,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":524,"end_offset":549},{"id":5840,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":551,"end_offset":559},{"id":5843,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":605,"end_offset":608}],"relations":[{"id":2399,"from_id":5823,"to_id":5827,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2400,"from_id":5823,"to_id":5830,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2403,"from_id":5823,"to_id":5832,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2406,"from_id":5823,"to_id":5835,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2407,"from_id":5823,"to_id":5837,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2408,"from_id":5823,"to_id":5838,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2409,"from_id":5823,"to_id":5840,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2410,"from_id":5823,"to_id":5843,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":313,"text":"#Symptoms - Anthrax - 1B97\nAnthrax infection occurs in three forms: cutaneous, inhalation, and gastrointestinal, depending on the mode of transmission. Cutaneous anthrax accounts for most of the cases in endemic situation. Cutaneous, or skin, anthrax is the most common form. It is usually contracted when a person with a break in their skin, such as a cut or abrasion, comes into direct contact with anthrax spores. Gastrointestinal anthrax is caught from eating meat from an infected animal. It causes initial symptoms similar to food poisoning but these can worsen to produce severe abdominal pain, vomiting of blood and severe diarrhea. Pulmonary anthrax- The most severe form of human anthrax is called inhalation or pulmonary anthrax. Though the rarest, it is the form of human anthrax causing the most current concern.","entities":[{"id":5786,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":19},{"id":5807,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":111},{"id":5822,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":322,"end_offset":342},{"id":5824,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":353,"end_offset":368},{"id":5826,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":417,"end_offset":441},{"id":5829,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":532,"end_offset":546},{"id":5831,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":586,"end_offset":600},{"id":5833,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":602,"end_offset":619},{"id":5834,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":624,"end_offset":639},{"id":5836,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":641,"end_offset":658},{"id":5789,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":27,"end_offset":44},{"id":5805,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":68,"end_offset":77},{"id":5806,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":79,"end_offset":89},{"id":5811,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":152,"end_offset":169},{"id":5839,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":684,"end_offset":697},{"id":5845,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":778,"end_offset":791},{"id":5814,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":223,"end_offset":250},{"id":5825,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":401,"end_offset":415},{"id":5828,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":457,"end_offset":492},{"id":5844,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":708,"end_offset":739}],"relations":[{"id":2385,"from_id":5789,"to_id":5805,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2386,"from_id":5789,"to_id":5806,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2388,"from_id":5789,"to_id":5807,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2397,"from_id":5786,"to_id":5822,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2398,"from_id":5786,"to_id":5824,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2401,"from_id":5786,"to_id":5829,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2402,"from_id":5786,"to_id":5831,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2404,"from_id":5786,"to_id":5833,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2405,"from_id":5786,"to_id":5834,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":314,"text":"#Prevention - Anthrax - 1B97\nAntibiotics can prevent anthrax from developing in people who have been exposed but have not developed symptoms. People who have been exposed to anthrax must take antibiotics for 60 days. Vaccination: Vaccination for humans-There is a vaccine against anthrax, but it is not approved for widespread use. The vaccine is sometimes given to people who are likely to be exposed to anthrax through their occupation, for example, tannery workers, military personnel, laboratory workers who work with anthrax, people who handle animals or animal products. Anthrax vaccine is also recommended for unvaccinated people who have been exposed to anthrax in certain situations. These people should get 3 doses of vaccine (under the skin), with the first dose as soon after exposure as possible, and the 2nd and 3rd doses given 2 and 4 weeks after the first.","entities":[{"id":5859,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":522,"end_offset":529},{"id":5862,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":577,"end_offset":592},{"id":5850,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":192,"end_offset":203},{"id":5852,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":230,"end_offset":241},{"id":5857,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":332,"end_offset":343},{"id":5861,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":728,"end_offset":735},{"id":5846,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":21},{"id":5847,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":29,"end_offset":40},{"id":5848,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":60},{"id":5849,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":174,"end_offset":181},{"id":5851,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":217,"end_offset":228},{"id":5854,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":264,"end_offset":271},{"id":5855,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":280,"end_offset":287},{"id":5856,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":293,"end_offset":295},{"id":5858,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":405,"end_offset":412}],"relations":[{"id":2411,"from_id":5848,"to_id":5847,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2412,"from_id":5849,"to_id":5850,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2413,"from_id":5855,"to_id":5851,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2414,"from_id":5854,"to_id":5855,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2415,"from_id":5857,"to_id":5858,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":315,"text":"#Treatment - Anthrax - 1B97\nAnthrax responds well to antibiotic treatment. Antibiotics must be prescribed and taken with medical advice. Nobody should attempt to use antibiotics or any other drugs to treat or protect themselves without first getting medical advice.","entities":[{"id":5815,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":28,"end_offset":35},{"id":5817,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":73},{"id":5818,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":75,"end_offset":86},{"id":5813,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":20},{"id":5819,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":166,"end_offset":177},{"id":5821,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":191,"end_offset":196}],"relations":[{"id":2392,"from_id":5817,"to_id":5815,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2394,"from_id":5818,"to_id":5813,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2395,"from_id":5821,"to_id":5813,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2396,"from_id":5819,"to_id":5813,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Anxiety-MB24.3.jsonl

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+{"id":262,"text":"#Causes - Anxiety - MB24.3\nThe exact reason for the anxiety is still not known. Some of the researchers suggest that anxiety disorder is due to an imbalance of certain chemical that is present in the brain, these chemicals are known as neurotransmitter. Other causes of Anxiety disorder are: Many people have anxiety, when there is change in their life like: Starting new job,  getting married, Having a child, breaking up with the someone. Some medications can also cause anxiety. These medications include inhaler medicines to treat asthma, thyroid drugs, diet pills. Caffeine, alcohol and tobacco products may also cause anxiety.","entities":[{"id":5115,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":359,"end_offset":375},{"id":5116,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":378,"end_offset":393},{"id":5128,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":473,"end_offset":480},{"id":5141,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":535,"end_offset":541},{"id":5148,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":570,"end_offset":578},{"id":5149,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":580,"end_offset":588},{"id":5152,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":592,"end_offset":608},{"id":5153,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":624,"end_offset":631},{"id":5155,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":17},{"id":5110,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":52,"end_offset":60},{"id":5111,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":117,"end_offset":133},{"id":5112,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":144,"end_offset":205},{"id":5113,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":270,"end_offset":286},{"id":5114,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":309,"end_offset":316},{"id":5118,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":395,"end_offset":409},{"id":5122,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":411,"end_offset":439},{"id":5126,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":446,"end_offset":458},{"id":5137,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":508,"end_offset":525}],"relations":[{"id":2005,"from_id":5111,"to_id":5112,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2010,"from_id":5114,"to_id":5115,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2011,"from_id":5114,"to_id":5116,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2013,"from_id":5114,"to_id":5118,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2016,"from_id":5114,"to_id":5122,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2018,"from_id":5128,"to_id":5126,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2023,"from_id":5153,"to_id":5152,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2024,"from_id":5153,"to_id":5149,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2025,"from_id":5153,"to_id":5148,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":263,"text":"#Diagnosis - Anxiety - MB24.3\nIt can be diagnosed by the signs and symptoms. Psychiatric evaluation helps in diagnosing the disease.","entities":[{"id":5078,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":124,"end_offset":131},{"id":5081,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":40,"end_offset":49},{"id":5074,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":20},{"id":5076,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":109,"end_offset":119},{"id":5086,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":77,"end_offset":99}],"relations":[{"id":1986,"from_id":5074,"to_id":5081,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1987,"from_id":5078,"to_id":5076,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":1988,"from_id":5078,"to_id":5086,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":264,"text":"#Prevention - Anxiety - MB24.3\nIn today's lives, everybody is stressed. A person can indulge in activities like Yoga, meditation, games and music to avoid stress. Also, one should try to develop some hobby to occupy in free time.","entities":[{"id":5079,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":22},{"id":5097,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":130,"end_offset":136},{"id":5098,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":140,"end_offset":146},{"id":5090,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":62,"end_offset":70},{"id":5092,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":155,"end_offset":161},{"id":5093,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":112,"end_offset":116},{"id":5095,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":118,"end_offset":128}],"relations":[{"id":1998,"from_id":5079,"to_id":5093,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":1999,"from_id":5079,"to_id":5095,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2000,"from_id":5079,"to_id":5097,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2001,"from_id":5079,"to_id":5098,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":265,"text":"#Overview - Anxiety - MB24.3\nAnxiety is an unpleasant emotional state of uneasiness and distress. It is generally characterized by apprehension and worry. An anxiety disorder can have a devastating effect on the person. Most of the people go through this disease and end up in a depression. Some of the warning signals are: Intense fear or apprehension, Restlessness, Easily tired, Disturbance sleep, Weight and appetite disturbances.","entities":[{"id":5089,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":29,"end_offset":36},{"id":5094,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":73,"end_offset":83},{"id":5096,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":88,"end_offset":96},{"id":5099,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":143},{"id":5104,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":324,"end_offset":352},{"id":5106,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":368,"end_offset":380},{"id":5107,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":382,"end_offset":399},{"id":5108,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":401,"end_offset":433},{"id":5088,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":19},{"id":5100,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":148,"end_offset":153},{"id":5101,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":155,"end_offset":174},{"id":5102,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":250,"end_offset":262},{"id":5103,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":279,"end_offset":289},{"id":5105,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":366}],"relations":[{"id":2002,"from_id":5102,"to_id":5103,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2003,"from_id":5089,"to_id":5094,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2004,"from_id":5089,"to_id":5096,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":266,"text":"#Symptoms - Anxiety - MB24.3\nSome of the symptoms include: Fatigue, Dry Mouth, Abdominal cramps, Sleep disturbances and headaches, Muscle tension and muscle aches, Difficulty swallowing, Trembling and feeling irritable, Twitching, Sweating and hot flashes.","entities":[{"id":5073,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":59,"end_offset":66},{"id":5080,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":97,"end_offset":129},{"id":5083,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":164,"end_offset":185},{"id":5087,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":231,"end_offset":254},{"id":5075,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":68,"end_offset":77},{"id":5072,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":19},{"id":5077,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":79,"end_offset":95},{"id":5082,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":162},{"id":5084,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":187,"end_offset":218},{"id":5085,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":220,"end_offset":229}],"relations":[{"id":1989,"from_id":5072,"to_id":5073,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1990,"from_id":5072,"to_id":5075,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1991,"from_id":5072,"to_id":5077,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1992,"from_id":5072,"to_id":5080,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1993,"from_id":5072,"to_id":5082,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1994,"from_id":5072,"to_id":5083,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1995,"from_id":5072,"to_id":5084,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1996,"from_id":5072,"to_id":5085,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":1997,"from_id":5072,"to_id":5087,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":267,"text":"#Treatment - Anxiety - MB24.3\nAnxiety can be treated with psychiatric therapy, medication, or both. Psychiatric therapy:  This type of therapy is called cognitive behavior therapy is mainly useful for treating anxiety. It helps a person different ways of thinking, behaving, and reacting to situations that help him or her feel less anxious and worried. Medication:  Some time doctors may prescribe medication to help treat anxiety. Two types of medications like anti-anxiety medications and antidepressants. Anti-anxiety medications are powerful and there are different types. Many types begin working right away, but they generally should not be taken for long periods. Antidepressants are used to treat depression, but they also are helpful for anxiety. They may take several weeks to start working. These medications may cause side effects such as headache, nausea, or difficulty sleeping. It's important to know that although antidepressants can be safe and effective for many people, but it may be risky for some, especially children, teens, and young adults. Thus it should be taken after doctor's prescription.","entities":[{"id":5117,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":20},{"id":5119,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":30,"end_offset":37},{"id":5120,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":58,"end_offset":77},{"id":5124,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":153,"end_offset":179},{"id":5125,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":210,"end_offset":217},{"id":5127,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":219,"end_offset":221},{"id":5133,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":399,"end_offset":409},{"id":5138,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":446,"end_offset":457},{"id":5143,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":672,"end_offset":687},{"id":5144,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":748,"end_offset":755},{"id":5150,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":862,"end_offset":868},{"id":5151,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":873,"end_offset":892},{"id":5121,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":79,"end_offset":89},{"id":5123,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":100,"end_offset":119},{"id":5132,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":424,"end_offset":431},{"id":5135,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":364},{"id":5136,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":333,"end_offset":340},{"id":5139,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":463,"end_offset":487},{"id":5140,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":492,"end_offset":507},{"id":5142,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":509,"end_offset":533},{"id":5145,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":706,"end_offset":716},{"id":5146,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":809,"end_offset":820},{"id":5147,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":852,"end_offset":860},{"id":5154,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":931,"end_offset":946}],"relations":[{"id":2006,"from_id":5120,"to_id":5119,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2007,"from_id":5121,"to_id":5119,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2008,"from_id":5123,"to_id":5117,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2009,"from_id":5124,"to_id":5125,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2012,"from_id":5127,"to_id":5117,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2014,"from_id":5133,"to_id":5132,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2015,"from_id":5135,"to_id":5132,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2017,"from_id":5138,"to_id":5117,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2019,"from_id":5139,"to_id":5117,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2020,"from_id":5140,"to_id":5117,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2021,"from_id":5142,"to_id":5117,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2022,"from_id":5143,"to_id":5144,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2026,"from_id":5146,"to_id":5117,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2027,"from_id":5146,"to_id":5147,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":2028,"from_id":5146,"to_id":5150,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":2029,"from_id":5146,"to_id":5151,"type":"has_side_effect_R"},{"id":2030,"from_id":5154,"to_id":5117,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Aphakia-9B11.0.jsonl

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+{"id":374,"text":"#Causes - Aphakia - 9B11.0\nCauses of aphakia are Surgical aphakia: Surgical aphakia is the commonest type and is produced after removal of the crystalline lens. Congenital absence of lens: There may be congenital absence of lens. It is a rare condition. Absorption of lens matter: Rarely, absorption of lens matter may be seen after trauma in children. Traumatic extrusion of lens: Rarely, there may be traumatic extrusion of lens from the eye leading to aphakia. Posterior dislocation of lens: Posterior dislocation of lens in to the vitreous may cause optical aphakia. Heritable disorders associated with dislocated lenses: These may be Marfan’s syndrome, Weil-Marchesani syndrome, Homocystinuria, Sulphite oxidase deficiency. Heritable disorders reported with subluxated lenses: These include: Aniridia, Ehlers- Danlos syndrome, Craniofacial dysostosis, Alport’s syndrome, Megalocornea. Ocular diseases which may lead to subluxated lenses: It includes: Hypermature cataract, Buphthalmos, Exfoliation syndrome of lens, Intraocular tumours.\n\n ","entities":[{"id":6798,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":202,"end_offset":228},{"id":6805,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":254,"end_offset":279},{"id":6807,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":303,"end_offset":307},{"id":6808,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":353,"end_offset":380},{"id":6811,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":403,"end_offset":443},{"id":6813,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":535,"end_offset":543},{"id":6814,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":554,"end_offset":569},{"id":6818,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":639,"end_offset":656},{"id":6823,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":729,"end_offset":780},{"id":6827,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":832,"end_offset":855},{"id":6828,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":857,"end_offset":874},{"id":6831,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":890,"end_offset":941},{"id":6832,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":943,"end_offset":945},{"id":6835,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":991,"end_offset":1019},{"id":6787,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":17},{"id":6788,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":37,"end_offset":44},{"id":6790,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":49,"end_offset":65},{"id":6792,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":67,"end_offset":83},{"id":6793,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":159},{"id":6796,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":161,"end_offset":187},{"id":6800,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":230,"end_offset":232},{"id":6806,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":333,"end_offset":339},{"id":6810,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":455,"end_offset":462},{"id":6812,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":464,"end_offset":493},{"id":6816,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":571,"end_offset":624},{"id":6819,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":658,"end_offset":682},{"id":6820,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":684,"end_offset":698},{"id":6821,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":700,"end_offset":727},{"id":6825,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":797,"end_offset":805},{"id":6826,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":807,"end_offset":830},{"id":6829,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":876,"end_offset":888},{"id":6833,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":956,"end_offset":976},{"id":6834,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":978,"end_offset":989},{"id":6837,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1021,"end_offset":1040}],"relations":[{"id":2908,"from_id":6788,"to_id":6790,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2909,"from_id":6788,"to_id":6792,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2910,"from_id":6788,"to_id":6793,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2911,"from_id":6787,"to_id":6796,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2912,"from_id":6787,"to_id":6805,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2916,"from_id":6810,"to_id":6808,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2917,"from_id":6810,"to_id":6811,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2918,"from_id":6814,"to_id":6813,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2919,"from_id":6814,"to_id":6812,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2920,"from_id":6787,"to_id":6816,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2921,"from_id":6787,"to_id":6823,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2922,"from_id":6787,"to_id":6831,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":375,"text":"#Diagnosis - Aphakia - 9B11.0\nDiagnosis depends upon the symptoms and signs of aphakia. Signs of aphakia: Retinoscopy: Retinoscopy shows high hypermetropia. Purkinje’s image: There are only two Purkinje’s images coming from the cornea. Images from the lens surface are missing. Scar at limbus: Surgical aphakia may show scar at the limbus. Anterior chamber: Anterior chamber is deep due to absence of lens from the eye. Pupil: The pupil appears jet black in the absence of lens. Iridodonesis: Iridodonesis or tremulousness of iris is present due to lack of support being provided by the lens. Fundus: Examination shows hypermetropic fundus and the optic disc appears small.\n ","entities":[{"id":6778,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":137,"end_offset":155},{"id":6794,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":294,"end_offset":310},{"id":6795,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":320,"end_offset":324},{"id":6801,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":340,"end_offset":356},{"id":6802,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":374},{"id":6803,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":390,"end_offset":418},{"id":6804,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":420,"end_offset":425},{"id":6815,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":593,"end_offset":599},{"id":6777,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":106,"end_offset":117},{"id":6781,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":97,"end_offset":104},{"id":6786,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":228,"end_offset":234},{"id":6789,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":236,"end_offset":276},{"id":6791,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":278,"end_offset":292},{"id":6799,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":332,"end_offset":338},{"id":6809,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":526,"end_offset":530},{"id":6822,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":633,"end_offset":639},{"id":6824,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":648,"end_offset":658},{"id":6774,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":20},{"id":6776,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":79,"end_offset":86}],"relations":[{"id":2904,"from_id":6781,"to_id":6777,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2905,"from_id":6781,"to_id":6778,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2906,"from_id":6794,"to_id":6795,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2907,"from_id":6795,"to_id":6799,"type":"influence_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":376,"text":"#Symptoms - Aphakia - 9B11.0\nAphakia causes symptoms such as Diminution of uncorrected vision. Inability to focus (due to loss of accommodation caused by aphakia).\n ","entities":[{"id":6771,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":19},{"id":6773,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":61,"end_offset":93},{"id":6775,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":113},{"id":6772,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":29,"end_offset":37}],"relations":[{"id":2902,"from_id":6772,"to_id":6773,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2903,"from_id":6771,"to_id":6775,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":377,"text":"#Overview - Aphakia - 9B11.0\nAphakia is a condition in which crystalline lens of the eye is not present in its normal position of pupillary area. Either there is no crystalline lens inside the eye or the lens is subluxated or luxated. This induces a refractive state which is not a refractive error in true sense. An emmetropic (normal refraction) eye or one having low grade ametropia (refractive error) becomes extremely hypermetropic after cataract surgery. A previously emmetropic eye requires a correction of about 10 to 11 dioptres (D) in spectacle when worn in the usual position.","entities":[{"id":6779,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":20},{"id":6783,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":61,"end_offset":144},{"id":6780,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":29,"end_offset":37},{"id":6784,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":162,"end_offset":233},{"id":6797,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":443,"end_offset":459}],"relations":[{"id":2915,"from_id":6780,"to_id":6783,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":378,"text":"#Treatment - Aphakia - 9B11.0\nMedical optical therapy: Optical therapy of aphakia comprises of prescribing appropriate convex lenses. The convex lenses may be prescribed in the form of Spectacles:  Usually about + 10 D of correction with appropriate cylindrical power for surgically induced astigmatism is prescribed to correct aphakia in previously emmetropic eye. Exact power of glasses required differs in individual cases. Further addition of plus power is required for presbyopia (near vision) to compensate for loss of accommodation. Contact lenses: Correction of aphakia at the corneal plane requires use of contact lenses. As the position at which the optical correction is made moves closer to retina, the necessary diopteric power increases but the subsequent magnification decreases. Surgical therapy: Surgical therapy includes: Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, Refractive corneal surgery.Prognosis: Prognosis for aphakia is generally good, unless there are complications like corneal oedema, cystoid macular oedema or secondary glaucoma.\n\n\n ","entities":[{"id":6841,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":328,"end_offset":336},{"id":6843,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":540,"end_offset":554},{"id":6844,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":570,"end_offset":578},{"id":6846,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":703,"end_offset":709},{"id":6847,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":795,"end_offset":811},{"id":6848,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":813,"end_offset":829},{"id":6849,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":840,"end_offset":875},{"id":6850,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":877,"end_offset":903},{"id":6851,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":929,"end_offset":937},{"id":6854,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1008,"end_offset":1052},{"id":6830,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":21},{"id":6836,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":30,"end_offset":53},{"id":6838,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":74,"end_offset":82},{"id":6845,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":615,"end_offset":629},{"id":6852,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":904,"end_offset":913},{"id":6853,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":992,"end_offset":1006},{"id":6855,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":272,"end_offset":302},{"id":6856,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":185,"end_offset":195},{"id":6857,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":474,"end_offset":498}],"relations":[{"id":2923,"from_id":6836,"to_id":6838,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2924,"from_id":6843,"to_id":6844,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2925,"from_id":6851,"to_id":6853,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2926,"from_id":6851,"to_id":6854,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2927,"from_id":6852,"to_id":6851,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2928,"from_id":6856,"to_id":6830,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2930,"from_id":6855,"to_id":6841,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2931,"from_id":6847,"to_id":6830,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2932,"from_id":6849,"to_id":6830,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2933,"from_id":6850,"to_id":6830,"type":"surgery_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Appendicitis-DB10.Z.jsonl

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+{"id":268,"text":"#Causes - Appendicitis - DB10.Z\nThe exact reason for acute appendicitis is still unclear.  Although, it is associated with the blockage  inside the appendix. This blockage  can be due to small pieces of faeces, a foreign body or infection.\n","entities":[{"id":5196,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":158,"end_offset":171},{"id":5198,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":238},{"id":5159,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":59,"end_offset":71},{"id":5164,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":127,"end_offset":156},{"id":5197,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":187,"end_offset":208},{"id":5157,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":22}],"relations":[{"id":2050,"from_id":5196,"to_id":5198,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2049,"from_id":5196,"to_id":5197,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2047,"from_id":5157,"to_id":5164,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":269,"text":"#Diagnosis - Appendicitis - DB10.Z\nDiagnosis may include thorough physical examination and careful consideration of the symptoms. If the diagnosis is not clear, then laboratory tests and ultrasound or CT scans may be performed.","entities":[{"id":5161,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":137,"end_offset":146},{"id":5163,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":166,"end_offset":182},{"id":5166,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":187,"end_offset":197},{"id":5156,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":25},{"id":5158,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":35,"end_offset":44},{"id":5160,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":66,"end_offset":86},{"id":5165,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":201,"end_offset":209}],"relations":[{"id":2036,"from_id":5156,"to_id":5165,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2035,"from_id":5156,"to_id":5166,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2034,"from_id":5156,"to_id":5163,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2033,"from_id":5156,"to_id":5161,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2032,"from_id":5156,"to_id":5160,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2031,"from_id":5156,"to_id":5158,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":270,"text":"#Symptoms - Appendicitis - DB10.Z\nThe main symptom is pain in abdomen. It is dull initially but gets worse over time. Other symptoms include: Swelling in the abdomen, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Constipation or diarrhoea, Inability to pass gas, Low grade fever.","entities":[{"id":5174,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":233,"end_offset":254},{"id":5162,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":24},{"id":5167,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":54,"end_offset":69},{"id":5168,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":142,"end_offset":165},{"id":5170,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":185,"end_offset":204},{"id":5173,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":206,"end_offset":231},{"id":5178,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":256,"end_offset":271},{"id":5169,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":167,"end_offset":183}],"relations":[{"id":2045,"from_id":5162,"to_id":5178,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2044,"from_id":5162,"to_id":5174,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2043,"from_id":5162,"to_id":5173,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2042,"from_id":5162,"to_id":5170,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2041,"from_id":5162,"to_id":5169,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2040,"from_id":5162,"to_id":5168,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2039,"from_id":5162,"to_id":5167,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":271,"text":"#Overview - Appendicitis - DB10.Z\nAppendicitis is the swelling (inflammation) of the appendix. The appendix is a small, tube like organ attached to the large intestine. The condition is due to blockage inside the appendix. The blockage leads to increased pressure and inflammation. Appendicitis can occur at any age but it is more common during childhood and adolescence.","entities":[{"id":5172,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":34,"end_offset":46},{"id":5176,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":85,"end_offset":93},{"id":5182,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":168,"end_offset":182},{"id":5183,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":193,"end_offset":221},{"id":5193,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":338,"end_offset":370},{"id":5171,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":24},{"id":5175,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":54,"end_offset":77},{"id":5179,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":107},{"id":5180,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":130,"end_offset":135},{"id":5181,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":148,"end_offset":167},{"id":5185,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":223,"end_offset":235},{"id":5187,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":245,"end_offset":263},{"id":5188,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":268,"end_offset":280},{"id":5190,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":282,"end_offset":294}],"relations":[{"id":2038,"from_id":5172,"to_id":5176,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2037,"from_id":5172,"to_id":5175,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2048,"from_id":5190,"to_id":5193,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2046,"from_id":5182,"to_id":5183,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":272,"text":"#Treatment - Appendicitis - DB10.Z\nTreatment generally include  surgical removal of appendix.  This procedure is known as an appendicectomy or appendectomy. The appendix is removed using laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery. In this procedure, surgeon uses a slender instrument (laparoscope), which is inserted through tiny incisions (cuts) in the abdomen. This eliminates the need for an abdominal incision.","entities":[{"id":5184,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":26},{"id":5186,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":64,"end_offset":92},{"id":5189,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":125,"end_offset":155},{"id":5195,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":342,"end_offset":349},{"id":5191,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":109},{"id":5192,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":161,"end_offset":170},{"id":5194,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":187,"end_offset":217}],"relations":[{"id":2054,"from_id":5194,"to_id":5184,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2053,"from_id":5189,"to_id":5184,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2052,"from_id":5191,"to_id":5184,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2051,"from_id":5186,"to_id":5184,"type":"surgery_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Arthritis-FA2Z.jsonl

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+{"id":292,"text":"#Causes - Arthritis - FA2Z\nWhen inflammation occurs, chemicals from the body are released into the blood or affected tissues. This release of chemicals increases the blood flow to the area of injury or infection and may result in redness and warmth. Some of the chemicals cause leakage of fluid into the tissues, resulting in swelling. This process may stimulate nerves and cause pain.","entities":[{"id":5455,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":19},{"id":5456,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":32,"end_offset":44},{"id":5458,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":72,"end_offset":76},{"id":5461,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":108,"end_offset":124},{"id":5463,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":192,"end_offset":211},{"id":5466,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":278,"end_offset":311},{"id":5467,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":326,"end_offset":334},{"id":5468,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":363,"end_offset":369},{"id":5469,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":380,"end_offset":384}],"relations":[],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":293,"text":"#Diagnosis - Arthritis - FA2Z\nPhysical Examination: It may show swollen, warm or red joints with restriction of movement. Blood test: This is generally done for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid factor (RF): It is checked for rheumatoid arthritis. However, RF can also be found in people without RA or with other autoimmune disorders. In general, if no rheumatoid factor is present in someone with RA, the course of the disease is less severe. Levels of ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels: These are also increased. Both CRP and ESR levels are used to check disease activity and also to monitor how well someone is responding to treatment. Imaging scans: Like X-ray, CT scans and MRI are commonly used to get the image of bones and cartilage to ascertain diagnosis.","entities":[{"id":5526,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":22},{"id":5527,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":30,"end_offset":50},{"id":5529,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":122,"end_offset":132},{"id":5530,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":134,"end_offset":138},{"id":5533,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":161,"end_offset":181},{"id":5536,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":183,"end_offset":205},{"id":5537,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":225,"end_offset":245},{"id":5539,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":256,"end_offset":258},{"id":5542,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":312,"end_offset":332},{"id":5547,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":677,"end_offset":690},{"id":5548,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":697,"end_offset":702},{"id":5549,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":704,"end_offset":712},{"id":5550,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":717,"end_offset":720},{"id":5551,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":759,"end_offset":764},{"id":5552,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":769,"end_offset":778},{"id":5553,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":97,"end_offset":120},{"id":5554,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":85,"end_offset":91},{"id":5555,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":207,"end_offset":209},{"id":5540,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":295,"end_offset":297},{"id":5545,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":397,"end_offset":399},{"id":5546,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":443,"end_offset":525}],"relations":[{"id":2235,"from_id":5526,"to_id":5527,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2239,"from_id":5526,"to_id":5529,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2240,"from_id":5533,"to_id":5530,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2242,"from_id":5526,"to_id":5546,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2243,"from_id":5526,"to_id":5547,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2244,"from_id":5550,"to_id":5551,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2245,"from_id":5550,"to_id":5552,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2246,"from_id":5548,"to_id":5551,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2247,"from_id":5548,"to_id":5552,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2248,"from_id":5549,"to_id":5551,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2249,"from_id":5549,"to_id":5552,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2250,"from_id":5527,"to_id":5554,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2251,"from_id":5537,"to_id":5555,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2252,"from_id":5526,"to_id":5536,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":294,"text":"#Overview - Arthritis - FA2Z\nArthritis is a disease of joints (inflammation of joints). There are many types of arthritis. Types of Arthritis are: Osteoarthritis: It is often related to aging or to an injury. Rheumatoid arthritis: It is the most common form of arthritis. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: It is a form of the disease that occurs in children. Infectious arthritis: It is an infection that has spread from another part of the body to the joint. Gout: It is Inflammation of joints. The major complaint of individual is pain in joints which is localized and is often consistent. The pain from arthritis is due to inflammation that occurs around the joint, damaged joint due to daily wear and tear or disease, muscle strains caused by forceful movements against stiff painful joints and fatigue.","entities":[{"id":5474,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":21},{"id":5475,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":29,"end_offset":38},{"id":5479,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":63,"end_offset":85},{"id":5481,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":112,"end_offset":121},{"id":5482,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":132,"end_offset":141},{"id":5488,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":201,"end_offset":207},{"id":5490,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":261,"end_offset":270},{"id":5491,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":272,"end_offset":301},{"id":5487,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":147,"end_offset":161},{"id":5489,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":209,"end_offset":229},{"id":5493,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":356,"end_offset":376},{"id":5494,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":438,"end_offset":442},{"id":5495,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":450,"end_offset":455},{"id":5496,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":457,"end_offset":461},{"id":5497,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":469,"end_offset":491},{"id":5498,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":530,"end_offset":544},{"id":5499,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":589,"end_offset":597},{"id":5500,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":603,"end_offset":612},{"id":5501,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":659,"end_offset":664},{"id":5502,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":623,"end_offset":635},{"id":5504,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":719,"end_offset":733},{"id":5505,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":744,"end_offset":791},{"id":5510,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":796,"end_offset":803}],"relations":[{"id":2215,"from_id":5475,"to_id":5479,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2216,"from_id":5482,"to_id":5487,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2218,"from_id":5490,"to_id":5489,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2219,"from_id":5493,"to_id":5494,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":2220,"from_id":5493,"to_id":5495,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":2224,"from_id":5500,"to_id":5499,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2226,"from_id":5500,"to_id":5502,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2227,"from_id":5500,"to_id":5501,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2228,"from_id":5500,"to_id":5504,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2229,"from_id":5500,"to_id":5510,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":295,"text":"#Symptoms - Arthritis - FA2Z\nThe commonest symptoms involve joints. Joint pain and stiffness is common feature along with swelling of joints. Arthritic disorders like lupus and rheumatoid can also affect other organs in the body with a variety of symptoms. Difficulty in walking, Malaise and a feeling of tiredness, Weight loss, Poor sleep, Muscle aches and pains, Tenderness, Difficulty in moving the joint.","entities":[{"id":5454,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":21},{"id":5457,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":60,"end_offset":66},{"id":5459,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":68,"end_offset":78},{"id":5460,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":83,"end_offset":92},{"id":5464,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":122,"end_offset":140},{"id":5465,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":142,"end_offset":161},{"id":5470,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":167,"end_offset":172},{"id":5471,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":177,"end_offset":187},{"id":5472,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":210,"end_offset":216},{"id":5473,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":257,"end_offset":278},{"id":5476,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":280,"end_offset":287},{"id":5477,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":294,"end_offset":314},{"id":5480,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":316,"end_offset":327},{"id":5483,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":329,"end_offset":339},{"id":5484,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":341,"end_offset":363},{"id":5485,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":365,"end_offset":375},{"id":5486,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":377,"end_offset":407}],"relations":[{"id":2196,"from_id":5454,"to_id":5459,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2197,"from_id":5454,"to_id":5460,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2198,"from_id":5454,"to_id":5464,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2199,"from_id":5465,"to_id":5470,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2200,"from_id":5470,"to_id":5472,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":2201,"from_id":5465,"to_id":5471,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2202,"from_id":5471,"to_id":5472,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":2203,"from_id":5454,"to_id":5473,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2204,"from_id":5454,"to_id":5476,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2205,"from_id":5454,"to_id":5477,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2206,"from_id":5454,"to_id":5480,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2207,"from_id":5454,"to_id":5483,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2208,"from_id":5454,"to_id":5484,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2209,"from_id":5454,"to_id":5485,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2210,"from_id":5454,"to_id":5486,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":296,"text":"#Treatment - Arthritis - FA2Z\nPhysical exercise: During pain, exercise seems to be the last option but  muscle strengthening and stretching exercises have proved to be very helpful. To relieve pain: Pain relievers like NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs). NSAIDs generally interfere with chemicals called prostaglandins in the body, which trigger pain, inflammation, and fever. They are very helpful in relieving pain in all forms of arthritis. Surgery: Joint replacement surgery is often performed for those who are not able to walk or have lot of difficulty in walking. Disease-modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs): Often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis; DMARDs slow or stop immune system that attack joints. Examples include methotrexate (Trexall) and hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil). Intra-articular injection: It is a procedure used in the treatment of inflammatory joint conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, tendinitis, bursitis and occasionally osteoarthritis. A hypodermic needle is injected into the affected joint where it delivers a dose of any one of many anti-inflammatory agents, the most common of which are corticosteroids.","entities":[{"id":5492,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":22},{"id":5503,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":30,"end_offset":47},{"id":5506,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":104,"end_offset":124},{"id":5507,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":149},{"id":5509,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":219,"end_offset":265},{"id":5511,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":267,"end_offset":273},{"id":5512,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":445,"end_offset":454},{"id":5513,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":465,"end_offset":489},{"id":5514,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":583,"end_offset":630},{"id":5515,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":652,"end_offset":672},{"id":5516,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":674,"end_offset":680},{"id":5517,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":720,"end_offset":726},{"id":5518,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":745,"end_offset":757},{"id":5519,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":759,"end_offset":766},{"id":5520,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":772,"end_offset":790},{"id":5522,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":792,"end_offset":801},{"id":5523,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":804,"end_offset":829},{"id":5524,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":874,"end_offset":903},{"id":5525,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":913,"end_offset":933},{"id":5528,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":935,"end_offset":954},{"id":5532,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":962,"end_offset":972},{"id":5534,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":974,"end_offset":982},{"id":5535,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1000,"end_offset":1014},{"id":5531,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":956,"end_offset":960},{"id":5538,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1066,"end_offset":1071},{"id":5541,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1116,"end_offset":1140},{"id":5544,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1171,"end_offset":1186},{"id":5556,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":338,"end_offset":342},{"id":5557,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":362},{"id":5558,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":364,"end_offset":376},{"id":5559,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":382,"end_offset":387}],"relations":[{"id":2211,"from_id":5503,"to_id":5492,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2212,"from_id":5506,"to_id":5492,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2213,"from_id":5507,"to_id":5492,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2214,"from_id":5509,"to_id":5492,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2221,"from_id":5513,"to_id":5492,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2223,"from_id":5514,"to_id":5515,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2225,"from_id":5518,"to_id":5519,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2230,"from_id":5520,"to_id":5522,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2231,"from_id":5518,"to_id":5492,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2232,"from_id":5520,"to_id":5492,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2234,"from_id":5523,"to_id":5525,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2236,"from_id":5523,"to_id":5528,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2237,"from_id":5525,"to_id":5524,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2238,"from_id":5528,"to_id":5524,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Asbestos-CB20.jsonl

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+{"id":412,"text":"#Causes - Asbestos - CB20\nThere are six types of asbestos minerals (chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite and actinolite). All commercial forms of asbestos are carcinogenic. Asbestos can enter both in ground and surface water from natural and anthropogenic (changes in nature by people) sources. Soil can also contain asbestos through natural and anthropogenic (disposal of asbestos containing wastes in landfill) sources. Occupational exposure: The highest levels of exposure occur during repackaging of asbestos containers, mixing with other raw materials and dry cutting of asbestos-containing products with abrasive tools. Exposure of the general population: Inhalation and ingestion are the primary routes of exposure to asbestos. Inhalation of asbestos fibers from outdoor air and to a lesser degree in indoor air is the primary route of exposure for the non- smoking general population (white collar workers within the asbestos industry, individuals living in the vicinity of asbestos mines). ","entities":[{"id":7433,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":19},{"id":7441,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":181,"end_offset":193},{"id":7452,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":444,"end_offset":465},{"id":7455,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":511,"end_offset":646},{"id":7459,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":747,"end_offset":755},{"id":7466,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":684,"end_offset":708},{"id":7469,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":756,"end_offset":840},{"id":7436,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":49,"end_offset":58},{"id":7438,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":168,"end_offset":177},{"id":7443,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":204},{"id":7445,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":339,"end_offset":348},{"id":7453,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":648,"end_offset":682}],"relations":[{"id":3241,"from_id":7438,"to_id":7441,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3242,"from_id":7433,"to_id":7455,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3243,"from_id":7459,"to_id":7466,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3244,"from_id":7433,"to_id":7469,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":413,"text":"#Complication - Asbestos - CB20\nThe spectrum of asbestos-related diseases includes the following: Benign pleural effusion- An abnormal collection of fluid between the thin layers of tissue (pleura) lining the lung and the wall of the chest cavity. Pleural plaques: calcified build up on the pleura. Diffuse pleural thickening: thickening of pleural lining. Rounded atelectasis: Abnormal form of lung collapse that occurs next to scarred pleural tissue. Asbestosis: It is severe scarring and inflammation of lung tissue. It prevents the lungs from expanding and relaxing normally. Mesothelioma: Cancer of pleura and peritoneum. Lung cancer: It is most common in people who were exposed to large quantities of asbestos for a prolonged period of time. Ovarian cancer: Researchers confirmed the link between asbestos exposure and ovarian cancer in the ovaries of asbestos-exposed women, Laryngeal cancer.           ","entities":[{"id":7482,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":98,"end_offset":121},{"id":7485,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":248,"end_offset":263},{"id":7486,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":291,"end_offset":297},{"id":7487,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":299,"end_offset":325},{"id":7488,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":357,"end_offset":376},{"id":7489,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":429,"end_offset":451},{"id":7477,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":73},{"id":7491,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":478,"end_offset":518},{"id":7492,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":580,"end_offset":592},{"id":7493,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":594,"end_offset":625},{"id":7498,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":883,"end_offset":899},{"id":7474,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":25},{"id":7494,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":627,"end_offset":638},{"id":7495,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":708,"end_offset":717},{"id":7496,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":749,"end_offset":763},{"id":7499,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":804,"end_offset":840},{"id":7483,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":209,"end_offset":214},{"id":7484,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":222,"end_offset":246},{"id":7490,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":453,"end_offset":463}],"relations":[{"id":3253,"from_id":7474,"to_id":7488,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3254,"from_id":7474,"to_id":7490,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3256,"from_id":7474,"to_id":7492,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3258,"from_id":7474,"to_id":7494,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3263,"from_id":7474,"to_id":7498,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3250,"from_id":7477,"to_id":7482,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3251,"from_id":7474,"to_id":7485,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3252,"from_id":7474,"to_id":7487,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3255,"from_id":7474,"to_id":7491,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3257,"from_id":7474,"to_id":7493,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3260,"from_id":7474,"to_id":7496,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3262,"from_id":7474,"to_id":7499,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":415,"text":"#Overview - Asbestos - CB20\nAsbestos is a group of naturally occurring fibrous minerals which are commercially used for insulation in buildings and as an ingredient in a number of products such as roofing tiles, water supply lines, and fire blankets, as well as clutches and brake linings, gaskets, and pads for automobiles. Asbestos causes cancer and chronic respiratory diseases in humans. All forms of asbestos (chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, tremolite, actinolite and anthophyllite) are in use because of their extraordinary tensile strength, poor heat conduction, and relative resistance to chemical attack. Chemically, asbestos minerals are silicate compounds, meaning they contain atoms of silicon and oxygen in their molecular structure. All forms of asbestos are carcinogenic to humans. Exposure to asbestos (including chrysotile) causes cancer of the lung, larynx, and ovaries, and also mesothelioma (a cancer of the pleural and peritoneal linings). Asbestos exposure is also responsible for other diseases such as asbestosis (fibrosis of the lungs), and plaques, thickening and effusion in the pleura.","entities":[{"id":7508,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":21},{"id":7509,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":28,"end_offset":37},{"id":7511,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":341,"end_offset":348},{"id":7518,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":850,"end_offset":912},{"id":7520,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1028,"end_offset":1114},{"id":7516,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":775,"end_offset":788},{"id":7517,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":799,"end_offset":819},{"id":7519,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":963,"end_offset":980},{"id":7510,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":325,"end_offset":334},{"id":7512,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":352,"end_offset":380},{"id":7513,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":405,"end_offset":414},{"id":7514,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":628,"end_offset":637},{"id":7515,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":762,"end_offset":771}],"relations":[{"id":3264,"from_id":7510,"to_id":7511,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3265,"from_id":7510,"to_id":7512,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3266,"from_id":7515,"to_id":7516,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":416,"text":"#Riskfactor - Asbestos - CB20\nFactors affecting the risk of developing asbestos–related diseases: Dose( how much asbestos an individual was exposed to), Duration (how long an individual was exposed), Size, shape, and chemical composition of asbestos fibers, Source of the exposure, Individual risk factors such as smoking and pre-existing lung disease.","entities":[{"id":7523,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":71,"end_offset":79},{"id":7524,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":153,"end_offset":198},{"id":7525,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":200,"end_offset":256},{"id":7526,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":258,"end_offset":280},{"id":7521,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":23},{"id":7522,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":98,"end_offset":151},{"id":7527,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":282,"end_offset":351}],"relations":[{"id":3268,"from_id":7523,"to_id":7524,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3269,"from_id":7523,"to_id":7525,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3271,"from_id":7523,"to_id":7527,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3267,"from_id":7523,"to_id":7522,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3270,"from_id":7523,"to_id":7526,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":417,"text":"#Prevention - Asbestos - CB20\nWorkers can protect themselves in work place by taking various measures: Exposure by Inhalation can be prevented by use of breathing protection measures, fresh air and rest. Skin exposure can be prevented by use of protective gloves, protective clothing. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or take shower. Eyes should be protected by wearing safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. If exposure to powder is there, first rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. Ingestion can be prevented by avoiding eating and drinking during work. Wash hands before eating. Rinse mouth. Don’t smoke. Take healthy diet with fresh seasonal fruits and vegetables. Preventive measures at work place: Substitution of asbestos with less harmful substances, dust control measures, rotation of work station for the employees, good ventilation facilities, periodic medical examination of employees, awareness about asbestos related diseases and health education among workers, Encourage healthy life style among workers.­","entities":[{"id":7534,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":238,"end_offset":283},{"id":7536,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":314,"end_offset":360},{"id":7538,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":505,"end_offset":634},{"id":7539,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":666,"end_offset":706},{"id":7540,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":708,"end_offset":732},{"id":7541,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":636,"end_offset":646},{"id":7544,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":760,"end_offset":819},{"id":7547,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":934,"end_offset":976},{"id":7549,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1007,"end_offset":1048},{"id":7550,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1050,"end_offset":1126},{"id":7551,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1128,"end_offset":1170},{"id":7528,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":23},{"id":7531,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":146,"end_offset":202},{"id":7532,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":103,"end_offset":125},{"id":7533,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":204,"end_offset":217},{"id":7535,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":285,"end_offset":312},{"id":7537,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":390,"end_offset":471},{"id":7542,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":734,"end_offset":745},{"id":7543,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":747,"end_offset":758},{"id":7545,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":856,"end_offset":909},{"id":7546,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":911,"end_offset":932},{"id":7548,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":978,"end_offset":1005}],"relations":[{"id":3272,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7531,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3275,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7536,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3276,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7537,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3277,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7538,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3278,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7539,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3279,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7540,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3281,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7543,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3282,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7544,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3284,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7546,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3287,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7549,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3288,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7550,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3273,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7534,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3274,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7535,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3280,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7542,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3283,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7545,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3285,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7547,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3286,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7548,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3289,"from_id":7528,"to_id":7551,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":418,"text":"#Treatment - Asbestos - CB20\nNo specific therapy is recommended for asbestos related diseases. Smoking cessation, withdrawal from further exposure is advised. Treatment of asbestos –related disease includes vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia, antimicrobial therapy for respiratory infections and the use of oxygen if necessary. Surveillance for lung cancer and mesothelioma should be done. A multidisciplinary approach focused on supportive care; multimodality treatment including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy may be considered in cancer cases. ","entities":[{"id":7553,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":68,"end_offset":93},{"id":7555,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":172,"end_offset":181},{"id":7556,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":207,"end_offset":263},{"id":7557,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":265,"end_offset":313},{"id":7558,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":318,"end_offset":335},{"id":7562,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":530,"end_offset":543},{"id":7563,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":564,"end_offset":571},{"id":7552,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":22},{"id":7554,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":112},{"id":7559,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":350,"end_offset":395},{"id":7560,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":503,"end_offset":510},{"id":7561,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":512,"end_offset":524}],"relations":[{"id":3290,"from_id":7554,"to_id":7552,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3292,"from_id":7557,"to_id":7555,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3294,"from_id":7559,"to_id":7555,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3298,"from_id":7562,"to_id":7552,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3291,"from_id":7556,"to_id":7555,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3293,"from_id":7558,"to_id":7555,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3295,"from_id":7559,"to_id":7552,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3296,"from_id":7560,"to_id":7552,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3297,"from_id":7561,"to_id":7552,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":419,"text":"#Symptoms - Asbestos - CB20\nRepeated or prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers may cause asbestosis (fibrosis of the lungs), pleural plaques, thickening and pleural effusion. Individuals who have been exposed (or suspect they have been exposed) to asbestos fibers on the job, through the environment, or at home via a family contact should consult their doctor whether or not they experience any symptoms. The symptoms of asbestos-related diseases may be apparent after many decades, such as; Shortness of breath, wheezing, or hoarseness, Persistence of cough gets worse over time, Blood in sputum, Pain or tightening in the chest, Difficulty swallowing, Swelling of the neck or face, Loss of appetite, Weight loss, Fatigue and anemia. The disease is progressive even after removal of the worker from the contact. In advanced cases there may be clubbing of finger nails, distress, and cyanosis.","entities":[{"id":7564,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":21},{"id":7566,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":90,"end_offset":101},{"id":7567,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":126,"end_offset":141},{"id":7572,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":494,"end_offset":538},{"id":7578,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":686,"end_offset":702},{"id":7580,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":717,"end_offset":735},{"id":7581,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":737,"end_offset":748},{"id":7565,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":28,"end_offset":79},{"id":7568,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":174},{"id":7569,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":249,"end_offset":258},{"id":7570,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":423,"end_offset":431},{"id":7573,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":540,"end_offset":581},{"id":7574,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":583,"end_offset":598},{"id":7575,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":600,"end_offset":631},{"id":7576,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":633,"end_offset":654},{"id":7577,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":657,"end_offset":684},{"id":7579,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":704,"end_offset":715}],"relations":[{"id":3299,"from_id":7566,"to_id":7565,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3300,"from_id":7570,"to_id":7572,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3301,"from_id":7570,"to_id":7573,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3305,"from_id":7570,"to_id":7577,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3308,"from_id":7570,"to_id":7580,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3302,"from_id":7570,"to_id":7574,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3303,"from_id":7570,"to_id":7575,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3304,"from_id":7570,"to_id":7576,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3306,"from_id":7570,"to_id":7578,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3307,"from_id":7570,"to_id":7579,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":420,"text":"#Diagnosis - Asbestos - CB20\nA thorough physical examination is recommended with the following tests: Lung function test shows reduced vital capacity and expiratory volume, Sputum examination- Sputum shows asbestos bodies (which are asbestos fibers coated with fibrin), Chest X-ray- An X-ray of chest shows a ground –glass appearance in the lower two thirds of the lung fields, Ultrasonography of lungs is useful in characterizing pleural effusions and evaluating pleural thickening or masses, Computed tomography of lungs, Bronchoscopy, Lung biopsy.","entities":[{"id":7582,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":22},{"id":7583,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":40,"end_offset":60},{"id":7584,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":102,"end_offset":120},{"id":7585,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":173,"end_offset":191},{"id":7586,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":270,"end_offset":281},{"id":7587,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":378,"end_offset":402},{"id":7588,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":494,"end_offset":522},{"id":7589,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":524,"end_offset":536},{"id":7590,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":538,"end_offset":549}],"relations":[{"id":3309,"from_id":7582,"to_id":7583,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3314,"from_id":7582,"to_id":7588,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3315,"from_id":7582,"to_id":7589,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3316,"from_id":7582,"to_id":7590,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3310,"from_id":7582,"to_id":7584,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3311,"from_id":7582,"to_id":7585,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3312,"from_id":7582,"to_id":7586,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3313,"from_id":7582,"to_id":7587,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Asthma-CA23.jsonl

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+{"id":297,"text":"#Treatment - Asthma - CA23\nMedications: Medicines in asthma is generally given through the inhaled route. “Metered dose” and “dry powder” inhalers are equally effective for long term use, the “nebulized” form being generally used during acute attacks. Inhaling a drug is an effective way of taking an asthma medicine as it goes straight to the lungs, with very little ending up elsewhere in the body. There are two types of inhaled medications. Since asthma is an inflammatory disease, preventer medication should not be discontinued without medical advice. Airway-opening medication or Quick-Relief (Reliever) inhaler: The inhaler usually contains a short-acting beta 2-agonist. It works by relaxing the muscles surrounding the narrowed airways. Examples of reliever medicines include salbutamol, levo-salbutamol and terbutaline. They are utilized in stopping asthma attacks. Controller medication (Preventer) inhaler: It works to reduce the amount of inflammation and ‘twitchiness’ in the airways and prevent asthma attacks occurring. Examples of preventer inhalers are beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone and mometasone; often combination of these drugs with long-acting bronchodilators like salmeterol and formoterol are used as preventers to stop asthma attacks from starting and thus protect lung function.","entities":[{"id":5602,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":27,"end_offset":38},{"id":5603,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":40,"end_offset":49},{"id":5605,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":107,"end_offset":119},{"id":5609,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":126,"end_offset":136},{"id":5613,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":193,"end_offset":202},{"id":5615,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":237,"end_offset":250},{"id":5617,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":252,"end_offset":267},{"id":5622,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":308,"end_offset":316},{"id":5652,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1011,"end_offset":1025},{"id":5654,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":1072,"end_offset":1086},{"id":5655,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":1088,"end_offset":1098},{"id":5657,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":1116,"end_offset":1126},{"id":5659,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1178,"end_offset":1193},{"id":5661,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1214,"end_offset":1224},{"id":5662,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1256,"end_offset":1270},{"id":5623,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":344,"end_offset":349},{"id":5631,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":451,"end_offset":457},{"id":5632,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":464,"end_offset":484},{"id":5634,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":486,"end_offset":506},{"id":5640,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":705,"end_offset":712},{"id":5641,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":759,"end_offset":777},{"id":5642,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":786,"end_offset":796},{"id":5648,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":877,"end_offset":918},{"id":5649,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":920,"end_offset":922},{"id":5650,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":953,"end_offset":965},{"id":5656,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":1100,"end_offset":1111},{"id":5653,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1049,"end_offset":1067},{"id":5658,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1149,"end_offset":1160},{"id":5660,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1199,"end_offset":1209},{"id":5601,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":19},{"id":5604,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":59},{"id":5620,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":301,"end_offset":307},{"id":5624,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":391,"end_offset":399},{"id":5627,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":424,"end_offset":443},{"id":5636,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":558,"end_offset":618},{"id":5637,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":620,"end_offset":630},{"id":5643,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":798,"end_offset":813},{"id":5644,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":818,"end_offset":829},{"id":5645,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":831,"end_offset":835},{"id":5647,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":861,"end_offset":875},{"id":5651,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":971,"end_offset":982}],"relations":[{"id":2275,"from_id":5602,"to_id":5604,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2277,"from_id":5613,"to_id":5601,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2278,"from_id":5605,"to_id":5601,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2279,"from_id":5609,"to_id":5601,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2280,"from_id":5617,"to_id":5620,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2281,"from_id":5622,"to_id":5620,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2282,"from_id":5627,"to_id":5601,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2283,"from_id":5634,"to_id":5631,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2284,"from_id":5631,"to_id":5632,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2285,"from_id":5636,"to_id":5601,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2288,"from_id":5641,"to_id":5642,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2290,"from_id":5641,"to_id":5643,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2291,"from_id":5641,"to_id":5644,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2295,"from_id":5645,"to_id":5647,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2298,"from_id":5652,"to_id":5650,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2299,"from_id":5652,"to_id":5651,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2300,"from_id":5648,"to_id":5652,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2303,"from_id":5653,"to_id":5654,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2304,"from_id":5653,"to_id":5655,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2305,"from_id":5653,"to_id":5656,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2306,"from_id":5653,"to_id":5657,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":2307,"from_id":5661,"to_id":5662,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2308,"from_id":5660,"to_id":5662,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2309,"from_id":5659,"to_id":5662,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2310,"from_id":5658,"to_id":5662,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":298,"text":"#Diagnosis - Asthma - CA23\nTo check for signs of problems related to cough; your doctor will use a stethoscope to listen to your lungs. He or she will listen for wheezing (a whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe) or other abnormal sounds. Other tests may include: Chest x ray takes a picture of heart and lungs. This test can help diagnose conditions such as pneumonia and lung cancer. Lung function tests: These are detailed tests that can measure how much air you can breathe in and out, how fast you can breathe air out, and how well your lungs deliver oxygen to your blood. Lung function tests can help diagnose asthma and other conditions. Peak-flow-meter is a simple hand-held instrument that can be used by you to measure one aspect of lung function and monitor your asthma control. It helps in deciding if someone has asthma, determine how bad an asthma attack as well as assess the degree of asthma control. Your doctor can guide you in its use at home, so that you can be cautious about how to increase asthma medication and when seek urgent medical help. An X- ray of the sinuses: This test can help diagnose a sinus infection.","entities":[{"id":5599,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":134},{"id":5600,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":270,"end_offset":281},{"id":5608,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":318,"end_offset":327},{"id":5611,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":379,"end_offset":390},{"id":5612,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":392,"end_offset":411},{"id":5626,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":749,"end_offset":754},{"id":5628,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":832,"end_offset":838},{"id":5629,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":796,"end_offset":799},{"id":5630,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":861,"end_offset":874},{"id":5638,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1072,"end_offset":1096},{"id":5597,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":20},{"id":5606,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":301,"end_offset":307},{"id":5607,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":311,"end_offset":316},{"id":5610,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":365,"end_offset":375},{"id":5614,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":548,"end_offset":554},{"id":5616,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":413,"end_offset":419},{"id":5618,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":584,"end_offset":603},{"id":5619,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":622,"end_offset":629},{"id":5621,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":651,"end_offset":666},{"id":5625,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":780,"end_offset":787},{"id":5633,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":907,"end_offset":914},{"id":5635,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1019,"end_offset":1036},{"id":5639,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1128,"end_offset":1143}],"relations":[{"id":2286,"from_id":5597,"to_id":5600,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2289,"from_id":5597,"to_id":5612,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2294,"from_id":5619,"to_id":5618,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2297,"from_id":5625,"to_id":5621,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2301,"from_id":5628,"to_id":5629,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2302,"from_id":5597,"to_id":5638,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":299,"text":"#Causes - Asthma - CA23\nThe exact cause of asthma is yet not known. But there are certain risk factors that are associated with asthma. It is probably caused by interplay of hereditary and environmental factors. Some of the factors include: An inherited tendency to develop allergies, called atopy (AT-o-pe). Children with eczema or food allergy are more likely than other children to develop asthma. Parents who have asthma (heredity). Allergens from dust, animal fur, cockroaches, mold, and pollens from trees, grasses, and flowers etc. Irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, chemicals or dust in the workplace and sprays (such as hair spray). Medicines such as aspirin or other non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and nonselective beta-blockers. Sulfites in foods and drinks. Viral upper respiratory infections, such as colds. Physical activity, including exercise. Contact with some airborne allergens or exposure to some viral infections in infancy or in early childhood when the immune system is developing. ","entities":[{"id":5579,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":539,"end_offset":655},{"id":5588,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":401,"end_offset":435},{"id":5589,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":393,"end_offset":399},{"id":5591,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":437,"end_offset":537},{"id":5596,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":843,"end_offset":880},{"id":5598,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":882,"end_offset":1025},{"id":5587,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":309,"end_offset":345},{"id":5580,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":657,"end_offset":760},{"id":5594,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":762,"end_offset":790},{"id":5595,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":792,"end_offset":841},{"id":5560,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":16},{"id":5561,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":43,"end_offset":49},{"id":5562,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":128,"end_offset":134},{"id":5566,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":136,"end_offset":138},{"id":5568,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":161,"end_offset":210},{"id":5571,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":241,"end_offset":307}],"relations":[{"id":2265,"from_id":5560,"to_id":5588,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2266,"from_id":5589,"to_id":5587,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2267,"from_id":5560,"to_id":5591,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2268,"from_id":5560,"to_id":5579,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2269,"from_id":5560,"to_id":5580,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2270,"from_id":5560,"to_id":5594,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2271,"from_id":5560,"to_id":5595,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2272,"from_id":5560,"to_id":5598,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2273,"from_id":5560,"to_id":5596,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2253,"from_id":5566,"to_id":5568,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2254,"from_id":5560,"to_id":5571,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":300,"text":"#Symptoms - Asthma - CA23\nAsthma symptoms can vary in severity with time, can come and go, there may be good and bad periods. Asthma is characterized by: Recurrent episodes of wheezing, Shortness of breath, Chest tightness, Coughing-sometimes cough may be the only symptom of asthma. Sputum may be produced from the lung due to coughing, small in volume and often in the form of threads and plugs. Symptoms are generally worse at night and in the early morning or in response to allergens. ","entities":[{"id":5578,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":479,"end_offset":488},{"id":5663,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":328,"end_offset":336},{"id":5563,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":19},{"id":5564,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":26,"end_offset":33},{"id":5565,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":126,"end_offset":133},{"id":5567,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":154,"end_offset":184},{"id":5569,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":186,"end_offset":205},{"id":5570,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":207,"end_offset":222},{"id":5572,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":224,"end_offset":248},{"id":5574,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":276,"end_offset":282},{"id":5575,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":316,"end_offset":321}],"relations":[{"id":2256,"from_id":5565,"to_id":5567,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2257,"from_id":5565,"to_id":5569,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2258,"from_id":5565,"to_id":5570,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2259,"from_id":5565,"to_id":5572,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":301,"text":"#Overview - Asthma - CA23\nAsthma is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing. During an asthma attack, the lining of the bronchial tubes (airways) swells, causing the airways to narrow, turn more sensitive to irritants in the environment, and thus reducing the flow of air into and out of the lungs. The causes of asthma are not completely understood.","entities":[{"id":5581,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":19},{"id":5583,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":71,"end_offset":119},{"id":5586,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":198,"end_offset":227},{"id":5584,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":144},{"id":5593,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":357,"end_offset":364},{"id":5582,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":26,"end_offset":33},{"id":5585,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":146,"end_offset":196},{"id":5590,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":229,"end_offset":280},{"id":5592,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":291,"end_offset":341},{"id":5664,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":38,"end_offset":53}],"relations":[{"id":2260,"from_id":5582,"to_id":5583,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2261,"from_id":5584,"to_id":5585,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2262,"from_id":5584,"to_id":5586,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2263,"from_id":5584,"to_id":5590,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2264,"from_id":5584,"to_id":5592,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Astigmatism-9D00.2.jsonl

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+{"id":367,"text":"#Causes - Astigmatism - 9D00.2\nAstigmatism may be natural, traumatic following a wound or surgically induced as is seen following cataract surgery. Tight sutures after surgery further accentuate astigmatism. I. Regular astigmatism may be Corneal astigmatism: It is due to abnormalities in corneal curvature. This is the commonest type and is usually congenital. Lenticular astigmatism: This is relatively less common. Retinal astigmatism: Occasionally, obliquity of macula may produce retinal astigmatism. II. Irregular astigmatism may be Corneal irregular astigmatism: Extensive corneal scarring or ectatic conditions like keratoconus may produce this. Lenticular irregular astigmatism: This may be produced due to variable refractive index in different parts of the crystalline lens and rarely may occur during maturation of cataract. Retinal irregular astigmatism: It may be produced by distortion of the macular area due to scarring or tumours of retina and choroid pushing the macular area.","entities":[{"id":6744,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":31,"end_offset":42},{"id":6749,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":813,"end_offset":835},{"id":6750,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":837,"end_offset":866},{"id":6751,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":148,"end_offset":161},{"id":6753,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":206},{"id":6755,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":168,"end_offset":175},{"id":6757,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":962,"end_offset":994},{"id":6758,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":230},{"id":6760,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":259,"end_offset":261},{"id":6761,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":272,"end_offset":306},{"id":6764,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":418,"end_offset":437},{"id":6770,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":600,"end_offset":635},{"id":6743,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":21},{"id":6745,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":654,"end_offset":686},{"id":6746,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":81,"end_offset":86},{"id":6747,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":716,"end_offset":784},{"id":6748,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":130,"end_offset":146},{"id":6756,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":890,"end_offset":957},{"id":6759,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":238,"end_offset":257},{"id":6762,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":362,"end_offset":384},{"id":6763,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":386,"end_offset":390},{"id":6765,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":466,"end_offset":472},{"id":6766,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":485,"end_offset":504},{"id":6767,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":510,"end_offset":531},{"id":6768,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":539,"end_offset":568},{"id":6769,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":570,"end_offset":596}],"relations":[{"id":2888,"from_id":6744,"to_id":6746,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2889,"from_id":6745,"to_id":6747,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2891,"from_id":6744,"to_id":6748,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2893,"from_id":6753,"to_id":6751,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2894,"from_id":6750,"to_id":6756,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2896,"from_id":6760,"to_id":6761,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2899,"from_id":6766,"to_id":6765,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2901,"from_id":6768,"to_id":6770,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2890,"from_id":6745,"to_id":6749,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2895,"from_id":6750,"to_id":6757,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2897,"from_id":6760,"to_id":6761,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2898,"from_id":6764,"to_id":6765,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2900,"from_id":6768,"to_id":6769,"type":"affects_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":368,"text":"#Diagnosis - Astigmatism - 9D00.2\nDiagnosis of astigmatism depends upon the symptoms and clinical features. Refractive error may be determined by: Retinoscopy, Astigmatic fan test, Jackson cross- cylinder test, Keratometry, Corneal topography, Very high frequency (VHF) digital ultrasound arc scanner, Wavefront aberrometry. Types of regular astigmatism: Based upon the axis and the angle between two principal meridia, regular astigmatism may be classified into: With-the-rule astigmatism, Against-the-rule astigmatism, Oblique astigmatism, Bi-oblique astigmatism. Refractive types of regular astigmatism: Depending upon the position of two focal lines in relation to retina, regular astigmatism is classified into: Simple astigmatism, Compound astigmatism, Mixed astigmatism.","entities":[{"id":6705,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":147,"end_offset":158},{"id":6726,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":421,"end_offset":439},{"id":6730,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":542,"end_offset":564},{"id":6734,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":586,"end_offset":605},{"id":6737,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":669,"end_offset":675},{"id":6739,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":677,"end_offset":696},{"id":6741,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":737,"end_offset":757},{"id":6742,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":759,"end_offset":776},{"id":6702,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":24},{"id":6703,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":47,"end_offset":58},{"id":6706,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":160,"end_offset":179},{"id":6708,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":181,"end_offset":209},{"id":6709,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":222},{"id":6710,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":224,"end_offset":242},{"id":6712,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":244,"end_offset":300},{"id":6713,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":302,"end_offset":323},{"id":6725,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":334,"end_offset":353},{"id":6727,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":464,"end_offset":489},{"id":6728,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":491,"end_offset":519},{"id":6729,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":521,"end_offset":540},{"id":6740,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":717,"end_offset":735}],"relations":[{"id":2866,"from_id":6703,"to_id":6706,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2868,"from_id":6703,"to_id":6708,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2870,"from_id":6703,"to_id":6709,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2864,"from_id":6703,"to_id":6705,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2871,"from_id":6703,"to_id":6710,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2872,"from_id":6703,"to_id":6712,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2874,"from_id":6703,"to_id":6713,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":369,"text":"#Symptoms - Astigmatism - 9D00.2\nSymptoms vary according to the degree and type of regular astigmatism and may include: Blurring of vision: Patients with low astigmatism show transient blurring of vision, which is relieved by closing or rubbing the eyes. Eyes become fatigued with reading and the letters are described as ‘running together’. Symptoms of asthenopia (eye strain): Symptoms of asthenopia (eye strain) include tiredness of eyes, headache, irritability, dizziness and fatigue. Narrowing of eyes: Narrowing of eyes may be resorted to in cases having high astigmatism to see clear. Narrowing produces a stenopaeic slit effect which cuts down the light rays in one meridian. Head tilt: Some patients with high oblique astigmatism may keep the head tilted to one side to avoid distortion of image. Holding books close to eyes: Many patients with high astigmatism may hold the books close to the eyes in a bid to achieve larger image. Burning. Itching.","entities":[{"id":6677,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":391,"end_offset":414},{"id":6680,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":442,"end_offset":450},{"id":6682,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":466,"end_offset":475},{"id":6693,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":684,"end_offset":693},{"id":6696,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":714,"end_offset":738},{"id":6697,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":806,"end_offset":833},{"id":6698,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":854,"end_offset":870},{"id":6656,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":23},{"id":6659,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":175,"end_offset":203},{"id":6660,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":154,"end_offset":169},{"id":6665,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":249,"end_offset":253},{"id":6668,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":255,"end_offset":259},{"id":6674,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":267,"end_offset":304},{"id":6676,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":377},{"id":6679,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":423,"end_offset":440},{"id":6681,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":452,"end_offset":464},{"id":6684,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":480,"end_offset":487},{"id":6686,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":489,"end_offset":506},{"id":6689,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":561,"end_offset":577},{"id":6657,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":102},{"id":6658,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":120,"end_offset":138}],"relations":[{"id":2839,"from_id":6660,"to_id":6665,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2844,"from_id":6677,"to_id":6679,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2845,"from_id":6677,"to_id":6680,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2857,"from_id":6698,"to_id":6697,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2836,"from_id":6657,"to_id":6658,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2837,"from_id":6660,"to_id":6659,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2843,"from_id":6689,"to_id":6686,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2846,"from_id":6677,"to_id":6681,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2847,"from_id":6677,"to_id":6682,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2848,"from_id":6677,"to_id":6684,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2853,"from_id":6696,"to_id":6693,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":370,"text":"#Overview - Astigmatism - 9D00.2\nAstigmatism is a type of refractive error wherein the refraction varies in different meridian. As a result, the light rays entering the eye cannot converge to a point focus but form focal lines. Astigmatism is divided as Regular astigmatism: It is correctable with cylindrical or sphero-cylindrical lenses. Irregular astigmatism: It is not correctable with cylindrical or sphero-cylindrical lenses. In astigmatism, the eye has different refractive powers along different meridians. Light entering in vertical direction gets focused differently than light in the horizontal direction. The meridian of steeper curvature has greater refractive power. The astigmatic eye produces a blurred image because two focal lines of images are being produced. This requires different corrections along each of these meridians to produce a single focused image on the retina.","entities":[{"id":6667,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":275,"end_offset":277},{"id":6673,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":435,"end_offset":446},{"id":6675,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":681,"end_offset":699},{"id":6678,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":882,"end_offset":892},{"id":6662,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":33,"end_offset":44},{"id":6664,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":228,"end_offset":239},{"id":6670,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":313,"end_offset":338},{"id":6671,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":340,"end_offset":361},{"id":6672,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":363,"end_offset":365},{"id":6661,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":23},{"id":6663,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":58,"end_offset":74},{"id":6666,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":254,"end_offset":273}],"relations":[{"id":2840,"from_id":6670,"to_id":6667,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2841,"from_id":6661,"to_id":6675,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2838,"from_id":6662,"to_id":6663,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":371,"text":"#Treatment - Astigmatism - 9D00.2\nMedical optical therapy: Optical therapy of regular astigmatism comprises of prescribing appropriate cylindrical lenses. The cylindrical lenses may be prescribed in the form of Spectacles, Contact lenses. Guidelines for optical correction: Small astigmatism, High astigmatism, Change in astigmatic correction. Surgical therapy: Indications of surgery: Correction of astigmatism by surgery is done when it significantly affects vision. Surgical therapy includes: Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), Wavefront- guided LASIK, IntraLASIK (IntraLase), EpiLASIK. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), Laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), Photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy (PARK), Radial keratotomy (RK), Astigmatic keratotomy (AK), Refractive lens exchange (RLE), Phakic intraocular lens (phakic IOL) implant, Penetrating keratoplasty.","entities":[{"id":6683,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":24},{"id":6695,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":223,"end_offset":237},{"id":6700,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":321,"end_offset":342},{"id":6701,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":274,"end_offset":291},{"id":6704,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":293,"end_offset":309},{"id":6707,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":344,"end_offset":360},{"id":6714,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":400,"end_offset":411},{"id":6715,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":415,"end_offset":422},{"id":6717,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":469,"end_offset":485},{"id":6718,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":496,"end_offset":532},{"id":6721,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":583,"end_offset":591},{"id":6723,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":593,"end_offset":626},{"id":6731,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":671,"end_offset":717},{"id":6732,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":719,"end_offset":741},{"id":6733,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":743,"end_offset":768},{"id":6735,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":771,"end_offset":801},{"id":6736,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":803,"end_offset":847},{"id":6738,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":849,"end_offset":873},{"id":6687,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":34,"end_offset":57},{"id":6688,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":59,"end_offset":74},{"id":6690,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":86,"end_offset":97},{"id":6691,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":135,"end_offset":153},{"id":6692,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":155,"end_offset":177},{"id":6694,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":221},{"id":6699,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":254,"end_offset":272},{"id":6711,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":362,"end_offset":384},{"id":6716,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":439,"end_offset":467},{"id":6719,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":534,"end_offset":557},{"id":6720,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":559,"end_offset":581},{"id":6724,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":628,"end_offset":670}],"relations":[{"id":2851,"from_id":6687,"to_id":6690,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2856,"from_id":6695,"to_id":6683,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2860,"from_id":6704,"to_id":6683,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2861,"from_id":6700,"to_id":6683,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2867,"from_id":6707,"to_id":6714,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2869,"from_id":6715,"to_id":6714,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2873,"from_id":6714,"to_id":6716,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2875,"from_id":6717,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2876,"from_id":6718,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2878,"from_id":6720,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2879,"from_id":6721,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2880,"from_id":6723,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2882,"from_id":6731,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2886,"from_id":6736,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2887,"from_id":6738,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2850,"from_id":6688,"to_id":6690,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2852,"from_id":6691,"to_id":6690,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2854,"from_id":6692,"to_id":6683,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2855,"from_id":6694,"to_id":6683,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2858,"from_id":6699,"to_id":6683,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2859,"from_id":6701,"to_id":6683,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2865,"from_id":6711,"to_id":6714,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2877,"from_id":6719,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2881,"from_id":6724,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2883,"from_id":6732,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2884,"from_id":6733,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2885,"from_id":6735,"to_id":6683,"type":"surgery_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

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+{"id":330,"text":"#Diagnosis - Atherosclerosis - BD40.Z\nPhysical Exam. Physical examination may show weak or absent pulse (e.g. in leg or foot). A weak or absent pulse can be a sign of   blocked artery. Diagnostic Tests. One or more tests may be required to diagnose atherosclerosis.  Extent of disease so determined by tests, helps in planning the treatment. Blood Tests. Blood tests check the levels of certain fats, cholesterol, sugar, and proteins in   blood. Abnormal levels may be a sign that you're at risk for atherosclerosis. ECG (Electrocardiogram). An ECG can show signs of heart damage caused by CHD. The test also can show signs of a previous or current heart attack. Chest x- Ray. A chest x- ray takes pictures of the organs and structures inside your chest, such as your heart, lungs, and blood vessels. A chest x ray can reveal signs of heart failure. Ankle\/Brachial Index. This test compares the blood pressure in your ankle with the blood pressure in your arm to see how well your blood is flowing. This test can help diagnose P.A.D (Peripheral Arterial Disease). Other Tests. Other tests are being studied to see whether they can give a better view of plaque build up in the arteries. Examples of these tests include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).","entities":[{"id":6031,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":28},{"id":6034,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":38,"end_offset":51},{"id":6035,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":73},{"id":6036,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":83,"end_offset":125},{"id":6038,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":127,"end_offset":149},{"id":6039,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":169,"end_offset":183},{"id":6040,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":185,"end_offset":201},{"id":6041,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":249,"end_offset":264},{"id":6042,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":240,"end_offset":248},{"id":6047,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":342,"end_offset":353},{"id":6048,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":355,"end_offset":366},{"id":6055,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":446,"end_offset":461},{"id":6056,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":500,"end_offset":515},{"id":6058,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":517,"end_offset":540},{"id":6060,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":545,"end_offset":548},{"id":6063,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":590,"end_offset":593},{"id":6062,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":567,"end_offset":579},{"id":6070,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":595,"end_offset":603},{"id":6075,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":649,"end_offset":661},{"id":6079,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":663,"end_offset":675},{"id":6081,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":677,"end_offset":691},{"id":6083,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":710,"end_offset":720},{"id":6084,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":725,"end_offset":753},{"id":6085,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":768,"end_offset":773},{"id":6086,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":775,"end_offset":780},{"id":6087,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":786,"end_offset":799},{"id":6091,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":801,"end_offset":814},{"id":6095,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":835,"end_offset":848},{"id":6098,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":850,"end_offset":870},{"id":6099,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":872,"end_offset":881},{"id":6100,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":918,"end_offset":923},{"id":6101,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":956,"end_offset":959},{"id":6102,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":999,"end_offset":1008},{"id":6103,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1027,"end_offset":1062},{"id":6104,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1064,"end_offset":1075},{"id":6106,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1077,"end_offset":1088},{"id":6109,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1153,"end_offset":1159},{"id":6111,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1176,"end_offset":1184},{"id":6112,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1197,"end_offset":1209},{"id":6113,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1218,"end_offset":1250},{"id":6115,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":1255,"end_offset":1289}],"relations":[{"id":2495,"from_id":6031,"to_id":6035,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2496,"from_id":6041,"to_id":6042,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2497,"from_id":6031,"to_id":6040,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2498,"from_id":6031,"to_id":6047,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2501,"from_id":6056,"to_id":6055,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2502,"from_id":6031,"to_id":6058,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2503,"from_id":6062,"to_id":6063,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2504,"from_id":6062,"to_id":6060,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2505,"from_id":6031,"to_id":6079,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2506,"from_id":6081,"to_id":6083,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2507,"from_id":6081,"to_id":6084,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2508,"from_id":6081,"to_id":6085,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2509,"from_id":6081,"to_id":6086,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2510,"from_id":6081,"to_id":6087,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2511,"from_id":6031,"to_id":6091,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2512,"from_id":6095,"to_id":6091,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2515,"from_id":6031,"to_id":6098,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2516,"from_id":6099,"to_id":6100,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2518,"from_id":6099,"to_id":6101,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2521,"from_id":6103,"to_id":6102,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2524,"from_id":6031,"to_id":6104,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2525,"from_id":6106,"to_id":6111,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":2526,"from_id":6031,"to_id":6112,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2527,"from_id":6031,"to_id":6113,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2528,"from_id":6031,"to_id":6115,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":332,"text":"#Overview - Atherosclerosis - BD40.Z\nAtherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside   arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to   heart and other parts of your body. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows arteries. This limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to   organs and other parts of your body. Atherosclerosis can lead to serious problems, including heart attack, stroke, or even death.","entities":[{"id":6044,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":28},{"id":6045,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":37,"end_offset":53},{"id":6046,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":101,"end_offset":109},{"id":6051,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":111,"end_offset":120},{"id":6053,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":124,"end_offset":137},{"id":6054,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":172,"end_offset":178},{"id":6057,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":202,"end_offset":206},{"id":6069,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":75,"end_offset":82},{"id":6073,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":208,"end_offset":215},{"id":6077,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":308,"end_offset":315},{"id":6082,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":335,"end_offset":343},{"id":6088,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":423,"end_offset":427},{"id":6089,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":429,"end_offset":444},{"id":6090,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":485,"end_offset":497},{"id":6092,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":499,"end_offset":505},{"id":6093,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":515,"end_offset":520},{"id":6097,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":392,"end_offset":399}],"relations":[{"id":2514,"from_id":6045,"to_id":6069,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2517,"from_id":6069,"to_id":6046,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":2519,"from_id":6077,"to_id":6082,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":2520,"from_id":6089,"to_id":6090,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2522,"from_id":6089,"to_id":6092,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2523,"from_id":6089,"to_id":6093,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":333,"text":"#Risk Factors - Atherosclerosis - BD40.Z\nThe exact cause of atherosclerosis is not clear but certain traits, conditions, or habits may raise   risk for the disease. These conditions are known as risk factors. The more risk factors you have, the more likely it is that you'll develop atherosclerosis. Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels. High blood pressure. Smoking. Insulin resistance. Diabetes. Overweight or obesity. Lack of physical activity. Unhealthy diet. Older age. Family history of early heart disease.","entities":[{"id":6108,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":32},{"id":6110,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":60,"end_offset":76},{"id":6114,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":283,"end_offset":298},{"id":6119,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":300,"end_offset":334},{"id":6120,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":336,"end_offset":355},{"id":6121,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":357,"end_offset":364},{"id":6125,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":396,"end_offset":417},{"id":6130,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":473,"end_offset":510},{"id":6123,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":366,"end_offset":384},{"id":6124,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":386,"end_offset":394},{"id":6127,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":419,"end_offset":444},{"id":6128,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":446,"end_offset":460},{"id":6129,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":462,"end_offset":471}],"relations":[{"id":2529,"from_id":6108,"to_id":6119,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2530,"from_id":6108,"to_id":6120,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2531,"from_id":6108,"to_id":6121,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2532,"from_id":6108,"to_id":6123,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2533,"from_id":6108,"to_id":6124,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2534,"from_id":6108,"to_id":6125,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2535,"from_id":6108,"to_id":6127,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2536,"from_id":6108,"to_id":6128,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2537,"from_id":6108,"to_id":6129,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2538,"from_id":6108,"to_id":6130,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":334,"text":"#Symptoms - Atherosclerosis - BD40.Z\nAtherosclerosis usually doesn't cause signs and symptoms until it severely narrows or totally blocks an artery. Many people don't know they have the disease until they have a medical emergency, such as   heart attack or stroke. Some people may have signs and symptoms of the disease. Signs and symptoms will depend on which arteries are affected. Coronary Arteries The coronary arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to   heart. If plaque narrows or blocks these arteries (a disease called coronary heart disease, or CHD), it may lead to   angina. Angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when   heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. Carotid Arteries The carotid arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to   brain. If plaque narrows or blocks these arteries (a disease called carotid artery disease), one may have symptoms of   stroke. These symptoms may include: Sudden weakness, Paralysis (an inability to move) or numbness of the face, arms, or legs, especially on one side of the body, Confusion, Trouble speaking or understanding speech, Trouble seeing in one or both eyes, Difficulty in breathing, Dizziness, trouble walking, loss of balance or coordination, and unexplained falls, Loss of consciousness, Sudden and severe headache. Peripheral Arteries. Plaque also can build up in the major arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the legs, arms, and pelvis (a disease called peripheral artery disease). Renal Arteries. The renal arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to   kidneys. If plaque builds up in these arteries, one may develop chronic kidney disease. 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+{"id":335,"text":"#Treatment - Atherosclerosis - BD40.Z\nManagement for atherosclerosis may include heart-healthy lifestyle changes, medicines, and medical procedures or surgery. The goals of treatment include: Lowering the risk of blood clot  forming, Preventing atherosclerosis-related diseases, Reducing risk factors in an effort to slow or stop the build up of plaque, Relieving symptoms, Widening or bypassing plaque-clogged arteries. Medicines. Sometimes lifestyle changes alone aren’t enough to control   cholesterol levels. For example, one may also   need statin medications to control or lower   cholesterol. By lowering   blood cholesterol level, one can decrease   chances of having a heart attack or stroke. Medical Procedures and Surgery. Patients with severe atherosclerosis may require a medical or surgical procedure.","entities":[{"id":6132,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":28},{"id":6136,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":81,"end_offset":112},{"id":6137,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":114,"end_offset":123},{"id":6141,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":151,"end_offset":158},{"id":6143,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":38,"end_offset":48},{"id":6135,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":68},{"id":6139,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":147},{"id":6155,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":245,"end_offset":277},{"id":6166,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":213,"end_offset":232},{"id":6167,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":346,"end_offset":352},{"id":6168,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":396,"end_offset":419},{"id":6169,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":421,"end_offset":430},{"id":6181,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":546,"end_offset":564},{"id":6183,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":676,"end_offset":690},{"id":6184,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":694,"end_offset":700},{"id":6185,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":702,"end_offset":720},{"id":6186,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":725,"end_offset":732},{"id":6187,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":748,"end_offset":770},{"id":6188,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":785,"end_offset":792},{"id":6189,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":796,"end_offset":814}],"relations":[{"id":2542,"from_id":6136,"to_id":6135,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2543,"from_id":6137,"to_id":6135,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2544,"from_id":6139,"to_id":6135,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2545,"from_id":6141,"to_id":6135,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2546,"from_id":6143,"to_id":6135,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2561,"from_id":6169,"to_id":6132,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2565,"from_id":6186,"to_id":6132,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2566,"from_id":6185,"to_id":6132,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2567,"from_id":6188,"to_id":6187,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2568,"from_id":6189,"to_id":6187,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":2569,"from_id":6155,"to_id":6166,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2570,"from_id":6155,"to_id":6167,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2571,"from_id":6155,"to_id":6168,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":336,"text":"#Causes - Atherosclerosis - BD40.Z\nThe exact cause of atherosclerosis isn't known. However, studies show that atherosclerosis is a slow, complex disease that may start in childhood. It develops faster as you age. Atherosclerosis may start when certain factors damage the inner layers of the arteries. These factors include: Smoking, High amounts of certain fats and cholesterol in the blood, High blood pressure, High amounts of sugar in the blood due to insulin resistance or diabetes.","entities":[{"id":6148,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":26},{"id":6149,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":110,"end_offset":126},{"id":6151,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":54,"end_offset":70},{"id":6153,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":213,"end_offset":229},{"id":6158,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":291,"end_offset":299},{"id":6159,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":324,"end_offset":331},{"id":6160,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":333,"end_offset":390},{"id":6161,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":392,"end_offset":411},{"id":6162,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":413,"end_offset":485}],"relations":[{"id":2550,"from_id":6148,"to_id":6159,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2552,"from_id":6148,"to_id":6160,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2553,"from_id":6148,"to_id":6161,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2555,"from_id":6148,"to_id":6162,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":337,"text":"#Prevention - Atherosclerosis - BD40.Z\nTaking action to control risk factors can help prevent or delay atherosclerosis and   related diseases. Risk for atherosclerosis increases with the number of risk factors you have. Doctor may recommend medical advice along with heart-healthy lifestyle changes if you have atherosclerosis. Heart-healthy lifestyle changes include heart-healthy eating, maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, physical activity and quitting smoking. Heart-Healthy Eating. Doctor may recommend heart-healthy eating, which   includes: Fat-free or low-fat dairy products, such as skimmed milk. Fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna, and trout, about twice a week. Fruits, such as apples, bananas, oranges, pears, and prunes. Maintaining a Healthy Weight. Maintaining a healthy weight is important for overall health and can lower   risk for coronary heart disease. Knowing   body mass index (BMI) helps in finding out   a healthy weight in relation to   height and give an estimate of   total body fat. Managing Stress. Learning how to manage stress, relax, and cope with problems can improve   emotional and physical health. Consider healthy stress-reducing activities, such as: A stress management program. Meditation. Physical activity. Relaxation therapy. Talking things out with friends or family. Physical Activity. Regular physical activity can lower many atherosclerosis risk factors, including LDL or “bad” cholesterol, high blood pressure, and excess weight. Physical activity also can lower   risk for diabetes and raise  HDL or “good” cholesterol, which helps prevent atherosclerosis.","entities":[{"id":6193,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":29},{"id":6194,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":103,"end_offset":118},{"id":6195,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1344,"end_offset":1361},{"id":6196,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":39,"end_offset":76},{"id":6197,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":152,"end_offset":167},{"id":6198,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":267,"end_offset":298},{"id":6199,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1371,"end_offset":1388},{"id":6200,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":311,"end_offset":326},{"id":6201,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1404,"end_offset":1419},{"id":6202,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":328,"end_offset":359},{"id":6204,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":368,"end_offset":388},{"id":6205,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":390,"end_offset":418},{"id":6206,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":420,"end_offset":435},{"id":6207,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":437,"end_offset":454},{"id":6209,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":459,"end_offset":475},{"id":6210,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1495,"end_offset":1508},{"id":6211,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1470,"end_offset":1489},{"id":6212,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1444,"end_offset":1468},{"id":6213,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":477,"end_offset":497},{"id":6214,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":520,"end_offset":540},{"id":6216,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1554,"end_offset":1562},{"id":6217,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":560,"end_offset":616},{"id":6218,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1510,"end_offset":1527},{"id":6219,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1621,"end_offset":1636},{"id":6220,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":618,"end_offset":703},{"id":6221,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1250,"end_offset":1260},{"id":6222,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1262,"end_offset":1279},{"id":6223,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1281,"end_offset":1299},{"id":6224,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":705,"end_offset":764},{"id":6225,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":766,"end_offset":794},{"id":6227,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":796,"end_offset":856},{"id":6228,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":882,"end_offset":904},{"id":6229,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":906,"end_offset":1042},{"id":6230,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1044,"end_offset":1059},{"id":6231,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1061,"end_offset":1165},{"id":6232,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1167,"end_offset":1248},{"id":6233,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":1301,"end_offset":1342}],"relations":[{"id":2572,"from_id":6194,"to_id":6196,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2574,"from_id":6200,"to_id":6198,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2575,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6202,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2576,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6204,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2577,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6205,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2578,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6206,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2579,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6207,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2580,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6209,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2581,"from_id":6201,"to_id":6212,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2582,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6213,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2583,"from_id":6201,"to_id":6211,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2584,"from_id":6201,"to_id":6210,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2585,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6214,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2586,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6217,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2587,"from_id":6216,"to_id":6218,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2588,"from_id":6219,"to_id":6218,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2589,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6220,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2590,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6224,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2591,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6225,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2593,"from_id":6228,"to_id":6227,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2594,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6229,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2595,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6230,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2596,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6231,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2597,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6232,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2598,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6221,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2599,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6222,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2600,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6223,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2601,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6233,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2602,"from_id":6193,"to_id":6195,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Atopic_Keratoconjunctivitis-9A60.0Y.jsonl

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+{"id":345,"text":"#Causes - Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis - 9A60.0Y\nAtopic keratoconjunctivitis is a chronic allergic conjunctivitis and may be due to: Hypersensitivity response: All ocular allergic disorders are characterised by a hypersensitivity response, defined as an excessive reaction of the normal immune system, usually by exposure to an inciting antigen. Genetic predisposition: A genetic predisposition combined with antigen sensitisation is suspected in AKC and its associated disease, atopic dermatitis. AKC may, however, represent either a common manifestation end point for a number of abnormal gene processes, or a single gene defect with variable phenotypic expression, modified by other gene polymorphisms and the environment. Epithelial barrier defect: More recent studies suggest that an epithelial barrier defect may be responsible rather than a defect in immune-regulatory function.","entities":[{"id":6308,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":37},{"id":6309,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":75},{"id":6310,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":81,"end_offset":112},{"id":6311,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":132,"end_offset":157},{"id":6313,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":170,"end_offset":188},{"id":6317,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":212,"end_offset":237},{"id":6323,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":327,"end_offset":343},{"id":6324,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":345,"end_offset":367},{"id":6325,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":371,"end_offset":393},{"id":6328,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":408,"end_offset":429},{"id":6329,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":446,"end_offset":449},{"id":6330,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":478,"end_offset":495},{"id":6332,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":497,"end_offset":500},{"id":6336,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":581,"end_offset":604},{"id":6339,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":611,"end_offset":665},{"id":6344,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":667,"end_offset":723},{"id":6345,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":725,"end_offset":749},{"id":6349,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":788,"end_offset":813}],"relations":[{"id":2649,"from_id":6309,"to_id":6310,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2650,"from_id":6309,"to_id":6311,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2654,"from_id":6308,"to_id":6323,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2655,"from_id":6308,"to_id":6324,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2656,"from_id":6329,"to_id":6328,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2657,"from_id":6329,"to_id":6330,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2658,"from_id":6332,"to_id":6336,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2659,"from_id":6332,"to_id":6339,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2664,"from_id":6332,"to_id":6344,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2665,"from_id":6308,"to_id":6345,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":346,"text":"#Complications - Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis - 9A60.0Y\nAKC may be associated with complications\/ features like: Ptosis, Tylosis (thickening of eyelid margin), Staphylococcal blepharitis, Conjunctival fornix foreshortening, Keratopathy, Keratoconus, Recurrent herpes simplex keratitis, Corneal scarring, Corneal thinning, Corneal perforation, Pellucid marginal degeneration, Anterior sub-capsular cataract, Posterior sub-capsular cataract, Degenerative vitreous changes, Retinal detachment.","entities":[{"id":6243,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":17,"end_offset":44},{"id":6245,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":55,"end_offset":58},{"id":6248,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":112,"end_offset":118},{"id":6250,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":120,"end_offset":158},{"id":6252,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":159,"end_offset":185},{"id":6254,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":187,"end_offset":221},{"id":6256,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":223,"end_offset":234},{"id":6257,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":236,"end_offset":247},{"id":6261,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":249,"end_offset":283},{"id":6262,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":285,"end_offset":301},{"id":6264,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":303,"end_offset":319},{"id":6266,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":321,"end_offset":340},{"id":6269,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":342,"end_offset":372},{"id":6271,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":374,"end_offset":404},{"id":6273,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":406,"end_offset":437},{"id":6275,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":439,"end_offset":468},{"id":6276,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":470,"end_offset":488}],"relations":[{"id":2604,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6248,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2605,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6250,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2606,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6252,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2608,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6254,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2609,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6256,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2611,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6257,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2613,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6261,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2614,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6262,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2616,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6264,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2618,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6266,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2620,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6269,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2622,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6271,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2623,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6273,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2625,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6275,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2627,"from_id":6245,"to_id":6276,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":347,"text":"#Diagnosis - Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis - 9A60.0Y\nDiagnosis of AKC is based upon typical clinical features. Despite facts suggesting immune responses in the pathogenesis of VKC, no clinical or laboratory test has evolved to support the diagnosis in atypical cases or predict the course of disease. History of atopy in patient or the family, elevated serum level of total and specific IgE, higher number of eosinophils and mast cells, increased level of mediators and favourable response to anti-allergic therapy is observed in AKC.\n\n","entities":[{"id":6296,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":40},{"id":6297,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":64,"end_offset":67},{"id":6298,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":51,"end_offset":60},{"id":6304,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":134,"end_offset":177},{"id":6305,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":233,"end_offset":246},{"id":6306,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":290,"end_offset":297},{"id":6307,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":310,"end_offset":315},{"id":6314,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":423,"end_offset":433},{"id":6316,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":407,"end_offset":418},{"id":6318,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":491,"end_offset":511},{"id":6319,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":528,"end_offset":531}],"relations":[{"id":2643,"from_id":6297,"to_id":6298,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2648,"from_id":6306,"to_id":6304,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2651,"from_id":6307,"to_id":6316,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2652,"from_id":6307,"to_id":6314,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2653,"from_id":6318,"to_id":6319,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":348,"text":"#Overview - Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis - 9A60.0Y\nAtopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a relatively uncommon, but potentially blinding ocular (eye) disease, which typically affects young people with atopic dermatitis.  AKC is a severe chronic inflammatory disease of the conjunctiva which may have dramatic consequences for visual function. The incidence of atopic dermatitis is greatest in paediatric population. AKC may occur at any time after the onset of the associated dermatitis or other atopic condition, and is not necessarily correlated with exacerbations of these conditions. The initial presentation of ocular symptoms in AKC most commonly occurs in the second to third decade of life, with some patients presenting earlier or later (range varies from late teens to 50 years with peak age of incidence in people aged 30-50 years). Visually significant complications most frequently occur in the fourth to fifth decades, with more men affected than women. The condition then remains chronic for years, usually requiring lifelong treatment. An earlier onset of AKC carries the greatest risk for tear film abnormalities and greater ocular surface damage. Classically involved skin areas of atopic dermatitis are lateral neck folds, antecubital (in-front of the elbow) and popliteal (back of knee joint) fossae, but may involve other parts of body including eyelid.","entities":[{"id":6320,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":39},{"id":6321,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":50,"end_offset":83},{"id":6322,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":126,"end_offset":155},{"id":6326,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":199,"end_offset":216},{"id":6327,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":219,"end_offset":222},{"id":6333,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":228,"end_offset":282},{"id":6334,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":375},{"id":6338,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":414,"end_offset":417},{"id":6340,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":474,"end_offset":484},{"id":6341,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":494,"end_offset":510},{"id":6342,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":633,"end_offset":636},{"id":6343,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":614,"end_offset":629},{"id":6346,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1070,"end_offset":1073},{"id":6347,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1104,"end_offset":1127},{"id":6348,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":1132,"end_offset":1161},{"id":6350,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1184,"end_offset":1188},{"id":6351,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":1198,"end_offset":1215},{"id":6352,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1220,"end_offset":1238},{"id":6353,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1240,"end_offset":1275},{"id":6354,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1280,"end_offset":1317},{"id":6355,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1365,"end_offset":1371}],"relations":[{"id":2660,"from_id":6338,"to_id":6340,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2661,"from_id":6338,"to_id":6341,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2662,"from_id":6342,"to_id":6343,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2666,"from_id":6346,"to_id":6347,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2667,"from_id":6346,"to_id":6348,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":349,"text":"#Prevention - Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis - 9A60.0Y\nFor optimal long term prevention of AKC, reduce or eliminate the exposure to environmental allergen. Mast cell stabilisers and antihistamines are the mainstay of prophylactic therapy. Reduction of environmental allergens along with oral and topical antihistamines helps in management of exacerbations.","entities":[{"id":6281,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":41},{"id":6282,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":88,"end_offset":91},{"id":6283,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":152},{"id":6284,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":153,"end_offset":174},{"id":6287,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":179,"end_offset":193},{"id":6291,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":249,"end_offset":272},{"id":6293,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":284,"end_offset":315},{"id":6295,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":338,"end_offset":353}],"relations":[{"id":2638,"from_id":6281,"to_id":6284,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2639,"from_id":6281,"to_id":6287,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2642,"from_id":6281,"to_id":6293,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":350,"text":"#Symptoms - Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis - 9A60.0Y\nUnlike SAC, symptoms of AKC are usually present year-round, though a significant number of patients may have seasonal exacerbations. Ocular symptoms of AKC: Moderate to severe Itching, Tearing of eyes, Irritation, Burning sensation, Dermatitis of eyelids and peri-orbital skin, Peri-orbital hyper-pigmentation, Chronic eyelid oedema and inflammation, Entropion (inward turning of eyelid), Ptosis (drooping of upper eyelid), Lagophthalmos (incomplete or defective closure of eyelids), Madarosis (loss of eyelashes), Redness of eyes, Stringy mucoid discharge, Difficulty in opening the eyes on awakening, Discomfort in eyes, Photophobia (sensitivity to light), Pain, Blurring of vision.","entities":[{"id":6236,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":39},{"id":6237,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":57,"end_offset":60},{"id":6238,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":74,"end_offset":77},{"id":6239,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":159,"end_offset":181},{"id":6240,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":207,"end_offset":233},{"id":6244,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":235,"end_offset":250},{"id":6246,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":252,"end_offset":262},{"id":6247,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":264,"end_offset":281},{"id":6251,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":283,"end_offset":304},{"id":6253,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":309,"end_offset":326},{"id":6258,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":328,"end_offset":359},{"id":6259,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":361,"end_offset":399},{"id":6260,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":401,"end_offset":437},{"id":6263,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":439,"end_offset":472},{"id":6265,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":474,"end_offset":532},{"id":6267,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":534,"end_offset":563},{"id":6268,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":565,"end_offset":580},{"id":6270,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":582,"end_offset":606},{"id":6272,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":608,"end_offset":651},{"id":6277,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":653,"end_offset":671},{"id":6278,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":673,"end_offset":707},{"id":6279,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":709,"end_offset":713},{"id":6280,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":715,"end_offset":733}],"relations":[{"id":2603,"from_id":6238,"to_id":6239,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2607,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6240,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2610,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6244,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2612,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6246,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2615,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6247,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2617,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6251,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2619,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6253,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2621,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6258,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2624,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6259,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2626,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6260,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2628,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6263,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2629,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6265,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2630,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6267,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2631,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6268,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2632,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6270,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2633,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6272,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2634,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6277,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2635,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6278,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2636,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6279,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2637,"from_id":6236,"to_id":6280,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":351,"text":"#Treatment - Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis - 9A60.0Y\nManagement should be carried out under medical supervision. Because of chronic nature of AKC, the balance of treatment efficacy and risk is often difficult. AKC is generally less responsive and requires more intensive and prolonged treatment. The approach to management is multifaceted with the purpose of improving patient comfort and preventing the complications associated with AKC. Management involves multiple treatment arms viz. topical mast cell stabilisers, corticosteroids, steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents such as topical cyclosporine. In more severe cases, systemic immune-suppression may be required.","entities":[{"id":6285,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":40},{"id":6286,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":51,"end_offset":61},{"id":6288,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":140,"end_offset":143},{"id":6289,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":208,"end_offset":211},{"id":6290,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":283,"end_offset":292},{"id":6292,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":310,"end_offset":320},{"id":6294,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":432,"end_offset":435},{"id":6299,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":466,"end_offset":475},{"id":6300,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":486,"end_offset":515},{"id":6301,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":517,"end_offset":532},{"id":6302,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":534,"end_offset":603},{"id":6303,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":627,"end_offset":654}],"relations":[{"id":2641,"from_id":6290,"to_id":6289,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2644,"from_id":6300,"to_id":6285,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2645,"from_id":6301,"to_id":6285,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2646,"from_id":6302,"to_id":6285,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2647,"from_id":6303,"to_id":6285,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder-6A05.Z.jsonl

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+{"id":475,"text":"#Causes - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - 6A05.Z\nThe aetiology of ADHD is yet to be determined. There is no one cause for ADHD and it appears to be the result of multiple genetic and environmental factors. There is consensus that the condition involves anatomical and functional dysfunction in cortico-basal ganglia\/thalamo-cortical circuit of brain.","entities":[{"id":8269,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":50},{"id":8272,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":355,"end_offset":360},{"id":8270,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":77,"end_offset":82},{"id":8271,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":133,"end_offset":138},{"id":8329,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":163,"end_offset":215},{"id":8330,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":142,"end_offset":145}],"relations":[{"id":3688,"from_id":8330,"to_id":8329,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":476,"text":"#Diagnosis - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - 6A05.Z\nThe Diagnosis of ADHD is based on clinical features in context of the features in diagnostic criteria. DSM-5 Diagnostic criteria: There are three types of presentations based on nine symptoms each of inattention and hyperactivity\/impulsivity as mentioned above. ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation: Children have six or more symptoms of inattention and fewer than six symptoms of hyperactivity\/impulsivity. ADHD predominantly hyperactivity\/impulsivity presentation: Children have six or more symptoms of hyperactivity\/impulsivity and fewer than six symptoms of inattention. ADHD combined presentation: It is diagnosed when full criteria from both the lists are met. Older adolescents and adults require only five symptoms from either (or both) of the two criteria lists. Differential diagnosis: Special learning disorders, Mood disorders, Sleep disorders, Depression, Anxiety, Substance use, Rare genetic disorders e.g. tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Turner syndrome.","entities":[{"id":8293,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":451,"end_offset":476},{"id":8294,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":575,"end_offset":600},{"id":8296,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":866,"end_offset":892},{"id":8301,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":948,"end_offset":961},{"id":8283,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":53},{"id":8290,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":263,"end_offset":275},{"id":8284,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":80,"end_offset":85},{"id":8291,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":279,"end_offset":304},{"id":8292,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":408,"end_offset":420},{"id":8295,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":632,"end_offset":643},{"id":8297,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":894,"end_offset":908},{"id":8298,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":910,"end_offset":925},{"id":8299,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":927,"end_offset":937},{"id":8300,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":939,"end_offset":946},{"id":8302,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":963,"end_offset":1056}],"relations":[],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":478,"text":"#Symptoms - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - 6A05.Z\nMost children with ADHD are referred for impairment in family, academic, and\/or peer relationship functioning. Symptoms of over-activity, inattention, and impulsivity drive this impairment even later. General symptoms: 1. Symptoms of Inattention: a. Often fails to give close attention, b. Often has difficulty in sustaining attention, c. Often does not seem to listen, d. Often does not follow through on instructions, e. Often has difficulty organising tasks and activities, f. Often dislikes, avoids, or is reluctant to engage in tasks, g. Is often easily distracted, h. Often loses things. 2. Symptoms of Hyperactivity and Impulsivity: a. Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat. b. Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected. c. Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate. d. Often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly. e. Is often ‘on the go’, acting as if ‘driven by a motor’. f. Often talks excessively. g. Often has difficulty waiting his or her turn. h. Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed. i. Often interrupts or intrudes on others. Other symptoms not specified in DSM-5 criteria, may include: Difficulty in management of time, Do not develop internal sense of pace in planning tasks, Problems in regulation of emotions.","entities":[{"id":8318,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":52},{"id":8320,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":200,"end_offset":211},{"id":8322,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":312,"end_offset":347},{"id":8323,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":352,"end_offset":396},{"id":8325,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":435,"end_offset":480},{"id":8328,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":608,"end_offset":631},{"id":8331,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":636,"end_offset":654},{"id":8333,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":671,"end_offset":700},{"id":8334,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":705,"end_offset":764},{"id":8336,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":839,"end_offset":905},{"id":8338,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":978,"end_offset":1029},{"id":8340,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1062,"end_offset":1106},{"id":8343,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1280,"end_offset":1312},{"id":8319,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":81,"end_offset":86},{"id":8321,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":296,"end_offset":307},{"id":8324,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":401,"end_offset":430},{"id":8326,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":485,"end_offset":537},{"id":8327,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":542,"end_offset":600},{"id":8332,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":217,"end_offset":229},{"id":8335,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":769,"end_offset":834},{"id":8337,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":910,"end_offset":970},{"id":8339,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1034,"end_offset":1057},{"id":8341,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1111,"end_offset":1174},{"id":8342,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1179,"end_offset":1217},{"id":8344,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1314,"end_offset":1369},{"id":8345,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1371,"end_offset":1405}],"relations":[{"id":3689,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8322,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3690,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8323,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3692,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8325,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3694,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8327,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3696,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8331,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3697,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8334,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3698,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8335,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3699,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8336,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3700,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8337,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3701,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8339,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3704,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8342,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3705,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8343,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3706,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8344,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3691,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8324,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3693,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8326,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3695,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8328,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3702,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8340,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3703,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8341,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3707,"from_id":8318,"to_id":8345,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":479,"text":"#Treatment - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - 6A05.Z\nBehavioural and pharmacologic interventions are used in the management of ADHD. Pharmacologic interventions: Evidence suggests that Stimulants are more effective than Non- stimulants. Stimulants: Amphetamines and Methylphenidate (MPH). Stimulants are considered first-line agents to treat ADHD. Non- stimulants: Non-responders or those who experience adverse effects to stimulants may be prescribed non-stimulants. Guanfacine, Clonidine, and atomoxetine are the approved drugs for ADHD treatment. Other medications: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): TCAs are used infrequently as they have more serious side-effects. Co-morbid conditions such as anxiety, mood, and seizure disorders should be treated accordingly. American Academy of Paediatrics guidelines for the management of ADHD, recommends that pharmacologic intervention should be the first line of treatment in most cases. Behavioural interventions: It includes: Behavioural classroom management, Behavioural peer interventions, Behavioural parent training (family therapy). Prognosis: About 60% of children with ADHD continue to be impaired well into adult life with estimates suggesting that 4% of adults may suffer from ADHD.\n\n ","entities":[{"id":8356,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":259,"end_offset":272},{"id":8349,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":170},{"id":8351,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":230,"end_offset":245},{"id":8353,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":299,"end_offset":310},{"id":8355,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":373},{"id":8357,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":579,"end_offset":611},{"id":8359,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":944,"end_offset":969},{"id":8362,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1018,"end_offset":1048},{"id":8363,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1050,"end_offset":1094},{"id":8366,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1244,"end_offset":1248},{"id":8367,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":276,"end_offset":297},{"id":8358,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":613,"end_offset":618},{"id":8360,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":971,"end_offset":974},{"id":8361,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":984,"end_offset":1016},{"id":8364,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1096,"end_offset":1105},{"id":8365,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1134,"end_offset":1139},{"id":8346,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":53},{"id":8347,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":63,"end_offset":106},{"id":8348,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":137,"end_offset":141},{"id":8354,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":352,"end_offset":356},{"id":8350,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":206},{"id":8352,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":247,"end_offset":257}],"relations":[{"id":3717,"from_id":8361,"to_id":8346,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3718,"from_id":8362,"to_id":8346,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3719,"from_id":8363,"to_id":8346,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3720,"from_id":8364,"to_id":8365,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3708,"from_id":8347,"to_id":8348,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3710,"from_id":8350,"to_id":8346,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3711,"from_id":8351,"to_id":8346,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3712,"from_id":8356,"to_id":8346,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3713,"from_id":8367,"to_id":8346,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3715,"from_id":8357,"to_id":8346,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3716,"from_id":8359,"to_id":8346,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3709,"from_id":8349,"to_id":8346,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3714,"from_id":8353,"to_id":8354,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":480,"text":"#Overview - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - 6A05.Z\nAttention Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood behavioural disorder. It is a chronic disorder which may cause impairment into adolescence and adulthood. DSM-5 delineates six neuro-developmental disorders including ADHD. These are: Communication disorder, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Intellectual Disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Specific Learning Disorder (SLD): SLD describes persistent and impairing problems in acquiring and using the cultural symbols that are required for reading, writing, and arithmetic. SLD has high co-morbidities rates, in which ADHD is most common. Motor Disorders.\n ","entities":[{"id":8368,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":52},{"id":8370,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":169,"end_offset":185},{"id":8371,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":202,"end_offset":243},{"id":8372,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":306,"end_offset":310},{"id":8373,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":323,"end_offset":345},{"id":8374,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":347,"end_offset":394},{"id":8375,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":396,"end_offset":421},{"id":8378,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":483,"end_offset":487},{"id":8379,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":631,"end_offset":635},{"id":8380,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":675,"end_offset":680},{"id":8381,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":696,"end_offset":711},{"id":8369,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":62,"end_offset":109},{"id":8376,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":423,"end_offset":447},{"id":8377,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":449,"end_offset":481}],"relations":[{"id":3721,"from_id":8380,"to_id":8379,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Autism-6A02.Z.jsonl

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+{"id":273,"text":"#Diagnosis - Autism - 6A02.Z\nDiagnosis of  ASDs can be difficult as there is no medical test, like a blood test, to diagnose the disorder. Physician may look at the child’s behavior and development to make a diagnosis. However, the children might receive an audiologic evaluation and a screening test for autism such as Checklist for autism in toddlers.","entities":[{"id":5199,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":20},{"id":5200,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":43,"end_offset":48},{"id":5204,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":80,"end_offset":92},{"id":5205,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":101,"end_offset":111},{"id":5206,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":116,"end_offset":125},{"id":5208,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":286,"end_offset":300},{"id":5272,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":208,"end_offset":217},{"id":5226,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":258,"end_offset":279},{"id":5247,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":305,"end_offset":311}],"relations":[{"id":2075,"from_id":5247,"to_id":5208,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2074,"from_id":5247,"to_id":5226,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":274,"text":"#Causes - Autism - 6A02.Z\nThe exact reason for the causes of ASD is not known, but it’s likely to be associated to genetics and environment factors.  Number of genes have been identified that are associated with this disorder. Studies of patients with ASD have also found irregularities in several regions of the brain. Other studies suggest that people with ASD have abnormal levels of serotonin or other neurotransmitters in the brain. All these abnormalities suggest that ASD could result from the disturbance of normal brain development early in foetal development caused by defects in genes that control brain growth and that regulate how brain cells communicate with each other, possibly due to the influence of environmental factors on gene function. ","entities":[{"id":5216,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":16},{"id":5217,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":61,"end_offset":64},{"id":5230,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":160,"end_offset":165},{"id":5237,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":359,"end_offset":362},{"id":5240,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":448,"end_offset":461},{"id":5242,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":501,"end_offset":540},{"id":5248,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":579,"end_offset":595},{"id":5250,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":644,"end_offset":655},{"id":5253,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":743,"end_offset":747},{"id":5232,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":212,"end_offset":225},{"id":5233,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":252,"end_offset":255},{"id":5236,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":309,"end_offset":318},{"id":5239,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":368,"end_offset":436},{"id":5241,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":475,"end_offset":478},{"id":5249,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":609,"end_offset":614},{"id":5271,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":115,"end_offset":147}],"relations":[{"id":2081,"from_id":5217,"to_id":5271,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2079,"from_id":5241,"to_id":5248,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2078,"from_id":5241,"to_id":5242,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2077,"from_id":5237,"to_id":5239,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2076,"from_id":5241,"to_id":5240,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2065,"from_id":5233,"to_id":5236,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":2060,"from_id":5232,"to_id":5230,"type":"affects_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":275,"text":"#Symptoms - Autism - 6A02.Z\nASDs generally begin at or before the age of 3 and last throughout a person's life, even though symptoms may improve over time. A child with an ASD might: Does not react to his\/her name by 12 months, Does not play by 18 months, They generally avoid eye contact and stay alone, These children also have difficulty in understanding other people's feelings or talking about their own feelings, These children may show delayed speech and language skills, Repeat words or phrases over and over (echolalia), Give unrelated answers to questions, Does not like even minor changes, Have obsessive interests, Some time they flap their hands, rock their body, or spin in circles, Have unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell, taste, look, or feel.","entities":[{"id":5220,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":419,"end_offset":477},{"id":5221,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":479,"end_offset":528},{"id":5222,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":530,"end_offset":565},{"id":5223,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":567,"end_offset":599},{"id":5225,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":627,"end_offset":658},{"id":5227,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":660,"end_offset":675},{"id":5211,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":18},{"id":5212,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":28,"end_offset":32},{"id":5213,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":183,"end_offset":226},{"id":5214,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":228,"end_offset":254},{"id":5218,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":256,"end_offset":303},{"id":5219,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":305,"end_offset":417},{"id":5224,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":601,"end_offset":625},{"id":5228,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":680,"end_offset":695},{"id":5231,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":697,"end_offset":772}],"relations":[{"id":2073,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5231,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2072,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5228,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2071,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5227,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2070,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5225,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2069,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5224,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2068,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5223,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2067,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5222,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2066,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5221,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2064,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5220,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2063,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5219,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2062,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5218,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2061,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5214,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2059,"from_id":5211,"to_id":5213,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":276,"text":"#Overview - Autism - 6A02.Z\nAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a range of complex neurodevelopment disorders, characterized by social impairments, communication difficulties, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped pattern of behaviour. Types of ASDs are: Autistic Disorder (also called \"classic\" autism): This is most general form of autism. People with autistic disorder typically have significant language interruption, social and communication challenges, and unusual behaviours and interests. Asperger Syndrome: People with Asperger syndrome, have mild symptoms of autistic disorder. They might have social challenges and unusual behaviours and interests. Pervasive Developmental Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS): It is called as \"atypical autism\". People who meet some of the criteria for autistic disorder or Asperger syndrome, but not all, may be diagnosed with PDD-NOS.","entities":[{"id":5238,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":73,"end_offset":107},{"id":5244,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":126,"end_offset":144},{"id":5245,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":146,"end_offset":172},{"id":5251,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":259,"end_offset":307},{"id":5252,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":338,"end_offset":344},{"id":5256,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":426,"end_offset":461},{"id":5259,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":532,"end_offset":549},{"id":5264,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":630,"end_offset":662},{"id":5270,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":884,"end_offset":891},{"id":5235,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":28,"end_offset":58},{"id":5246,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":178,"end_offset":238},{"id":5254,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":375},{"id":5255,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":391,"end_offset":424},{"id":5257,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":467,"end_offset":499},{"id":5258,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":501,"end_offset":518},{"id":5260,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":573,"end_offset":590},{"id":5262,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":608,"end_offset":625},{"id":5263,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":18},{"id":5266,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":249,"end_offset":253},{"id":5267,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":664,"end_offset":731},{"id":5268,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":750,"end_offset":765},{"id":5269,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":809,"end_offset":847}],"relations":[{"id":2087,"from_id":5254,"to_id":5257,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2086,"from_id":5254,"to_id":5256,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2085,"from_id":5254,"to_id":5255,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2084,"from_id":5235,"to_id":5246,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2083,"from_id":5235,"to_id":5245,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2082,"from_id":5235,"to_id":5244,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2080,"from_id":5235,"to_id":5238,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":277,"text":"#Treatment - Autism - 6A02.Z\nThere is no cure for the disease. However, it can be managed with the help of medications and specialist education. Early intervention services can help in child's improvement. These services include that help child talk, walk and interact with others. Therefore, it is important to talk to child's doctor as soon as possible.","entities":[{"id":5201,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":19},{"id":5202,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":50,"end_offset":61},{"id":5203,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":107,"end_offset":118},{"id":5207,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":145,"end_offset":163}],"relations":[{"id":2055,"from_id":5203,"to_id":5201,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2056,"from_id":5207,"to_id":5201,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Avian_Influenza-1E31.jsonl

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+{"id":359,"text":"#Complication - Avian Influenza - 1E31\nComplications of A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) infection include: hypoxemia,,multiple organ dysfunction, secondary bacterial and fungal infections.","entities":[{"id":6544,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":31},{"id":6546,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":56,"end_offset":63},{"id":6549,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":106,"end_offset":132},{"id":6550,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":134,"end_offset":175},{"id":6547,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":68,"end_offset":75},{"id":6548,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":104}],"relations":[{"id":2773,"from_id":6546,"to_id":6548,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2774,"from_id":6547,"to_id":6549,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2775,"from_id":6547,"to_id":6548,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2776,"from_id":6547,"to_id":6550,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2777,"from_id":6546,"to_id":6550,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2778,"from_id":6546,"to_id":6549,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":360,"text":"#Causes - Avian Influenza - 1E31\nDisease is caused by avian influenza virus belongs to the Influenza A genus of the orthomyxoviridae family. High pathogenic viruses are responsible for high death rates (up to 100% mortality within 48 hours) in some poultry species. Low pathogenic viruses, which are not, associated with severe disease but cause outbreak in poultry species. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses are mainly restricted to H5, and H7 subtypes which are in circulation in poultry. Transmission- Infected birds shed avian influenza virus in their saliva, mucous and faeces. Following direct close or prolonged contact with sick or dead infected poultry, viruses enter into a person's eyes, nose or mouth, or are inhaled.","entities":[{"id":6554,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":25},{"id":6575,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":141,"end_offset":164},{"id":6597,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":540,"end_offset":555},{"id":6621,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":722,"end_offset":727},{"id":6556,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":33,"end_offset":41},{"id":6560,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":54,"end_offset":139},{"id":6568,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":185,"end_offset":264},{"id":6584,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":346,"end_offset":373},{"id":6582,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":266,"end_offset":288},{"id":6593,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":382,"end_offset":415},{"id":6603,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":520,"end_offset":534},{"id":6613,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":598,"end_offset":676},{"id":6617,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":708,"end_offset":712},{"id":6619,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":714,"end_offset":719}],"relations":[{"id":2807,"from_id":6556,"to_id":6560,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":2808,"from_id":6554,"to_id":6613,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":361,"text":"#Diagnosis - Avian Influenza - 1E31\nDiagnosis of Avian influenza is suspected in all persons presenting with acute febrile respiratory illness in those countries or territories where avian influenza A viruses have been identified in animal populations. Presenting signs and symptoms of AI illness are non-specific therefore a detailed exposure history should be taken including any close\/direct contact with sick or dead poultry, wild birds, other severely ill persons, travel to an area with AI activity, or work in laboratory handling samples possibly containing AI virus. Avian influenza A virus infection is usually diagnosed by collecting a swab from the nose or throat of the sick person during the first few days of illness. Following tests may be used to detect avian influenza in human samples- Viral RNA detection by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real time RT- PCR assay, Virus culture, Rapid antigen detection, Serological identification of antibodies against avian influenza A viruses.","entities":[{"id":6587,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":28},{"id":6590,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":109,"end_offset":142},{"id":6601,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":430,"end_offset":440},{"id":6602,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":448,"end_offset":468},{"id":6604,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":470,"end_offset":503},{"id":6607,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":509,"end_offset":573},{"id":6610,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":660,"end_offset":664},{"id":6615,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":804,"end_offset":883},{"id":6622,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":928,"end_offset":951},{"id":6623,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":953,"end_offset":1027},{"id":6631,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":286,"end_offset":288},{"id":6588,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":49,"end_offset":64},{"id":6592,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":183,"end_offset":198},{"id":6600,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":408,"end_offset":428},{"id":6608,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":575,"end_offset":590},{"id":6612,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":668,"end_offset":674},{"id":6614,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":770,"end_offset":785},{"id":6618,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":888,"end_offset":911},{"id":6620,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":913,"end_offset":926},{"id":6641,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":723,"end_offset":730}],"relations":[{"id":2816,"from_id":6631,"to_id":6601,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2819,"from_id":6631,"to_id":6604,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2820,"from_id":6631,"to_id":6607,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2823,"from_id":6614,"to_id":6620,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2825,"from_id":6614,"to_id":6623,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2802,"from_id":6588,"to_id":6590,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2815,"from_id":6631,"to_id":6600,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2817,"from_id":6631,"to_id":6602,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2821,"from_id":6614,"to_id":6615,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2822,"from_id":6614,"to_id":6618,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":2824,"from_id":6614,"to_id":6622,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":362,"text":"#Overview - Avian Influenza - 1E31\nAvian influenza (AI) is an infectious viral disease of birds, commonly known as bird flu. Wild water fowl such as ducks and geese are mostly affected by AI, but often show no apparent signs of illness. Poultry birds are also susceptible to AI infection that can cause large outbreaks and epidemics in poultry. Humans are not usually affected by AI virus, however some subtypes of AI such as A(H5N1) and A(H7N9), have caused serious infections in people. Other avian influenza subtypes, including H7N3, H7N7, and H9N2, have also infected people.","entities":[{"id":6625,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":35,"end_offset":55},{"id":6626,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":62,"end_offset":95},{"id":6627,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":115,"end_offset":123},{"id":6628,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":188,"end_offset":190},{"id":6630,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":125,"end_offset":140},{"id":6632,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":228,"end_offset":235},{"id":6637,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":426,"end_offset":433},{"id":6638,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":438,"end_offset":445},{"id":6639,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":415,"end_offset":417},{"id":6642,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":495,"end_offset":510},{"id":6644,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":537,"end_offset":541},{"id":6624,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":27},{"id":6633,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":237,"end_offset":250},{"id":6634,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":275,"end_offset":287},{"id":6636,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":380,"end_offset":388},{"id":6640,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":459,"end_offset":477},{"id":6643,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":531,"end_offset":535},{"id":6645,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":547,"end_offset":551}],"relations":[{"id":2813,"from_id":6628,"to_id":6630,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2826,"from_id":6639,"to_id":6640,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2827,"from_id":6637,"to_id":6640,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2814,"from_id":6628,"to_id":6632,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2818,"from_id":6634,"to_id":6633,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2828,"from_id":6638,"to_id":6640,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":363,"text":"#Riskfactor - Avian Influenza - 1E31\nDirect or indirect exposure to infected live or dead poultry or contaminated environments, such as live bird markets are the primary risk factors for getting the infection. Consumption of dishes made of raw, contaminated poultry blood can cause infection. Slaughter, defeathering, handling carcasses of infected poultry, and preparing poultry for consumption, especially in household settings, are likely to be risk factors. Properly prepared poultry or eggs usually do not transmit the disease. Current epidemiological and virological evidence suggests that AI virus is not transmitted human to human.","entities":[{"id":6596,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":596,"end_offset":598},{"id":6598,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":37,"end_offset":153},{"id":6599,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":208},{"id":6605,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":210,"end_offset":271},{"id":6611,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":362,"end_offset":429},{"id":6594,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":29},{"id":6606,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":282,"end_offset":291},{"id":6609,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":293,"end_offset":356},{"id":6616,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":520,"end_offset":531}],"relations":[{"id":2803,"from_id":6599,"to_id":6598,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2805,"from_id":6594,"to_id":6609,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2804,"from_id":6606,"to_id":6605,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2806,"from_id":6594,"to_id":6611,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":364,"text":"#Prevention - Avian Influenza - 1E31\nPersons who work with poultry or who respond to avian influenza outbreaks are advised to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow proper hand hygiene. WHO has advised that travellers to countries with known outbreaks of avian influenza should avoid poultry farms, contact with animals in live bird markets, entering areas where poultry may be slaughtered, or contact with any surfaces that appear to be contaminated with faeces from poultry or other animals. Travellers should also wash their hands often with soap and water. Travellers should follow good food safety and good food hygiene practices. Control measures in birds- When outbreak of AI occurs in birds, the immediate priority should be to contain the disease and eliminate the disease by destroying the infected or exposed birds (culling or stamping out), proper disposal of carcasses (burial), decontamination of the affected premises, movement controls, restocking of the bird after a safe period of destocking.","entities":[{"id":6629,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":29},{"id":6646,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":126,"end_offset":208},{"id":6647,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":279,"end_offset":294},{"id":6649,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":518,"end_offset":583},{"id":6651,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":704,"end_offset":707},{"id":6653,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":794,"end_offset":805},{"id":6655,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":916,"end_offset":1033},{"id":6635,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":85,"end_offset":100},{"id":6648,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":302,"end_offset":516},{"id":6650,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":603,"end_offset":658},{"id":6652,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":824,"end_offset":849},{"id":6654,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":877,"end_offset":914}],"relations":[{"id":2829,"from_id":6635,"to_id":6646,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2830,"from_id":6647,"to_id":6648,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2835,"from_id":6651,"to_id":6655,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2831,"from_id":6629,"to_id":6649,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2832,"from_id":6629,"to_id":6650,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":2833,"from_id":6651,"to_id":6652,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":2834,"from_id":6651,"to_id":6654,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":365,"text":"#Symptoms - Avian Influenza - 1E31\nIn Infection caused by low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A virus, sign and symptoms ranged from conjunctivitis to influenza-like illness like fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches to lower respiratory disease (pneumonia) requiring hospitalization. Some patients may show symptoms of lower respiratory tract involvement early in the illness. Respiratory distress, a hoarse voice, and a crackling sound during inhalation are common findings. Some patients may suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, chest pain, and bleeding from the nose and gums and sometime neurological changes (altered mental status, seizures).","entities":[{"id":6545,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":27},{"id":6552,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":188,"end_offset":193},{"id":6558,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":324,"end_offset":380},{"id":6561,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":208,"end_offset":261},{"id":6564,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":404,"end_offset":418},{"id":6567,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":511,"end_offset":519},{"id":6569,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":521,"end_offset":529},{"id":6570,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":531,"end_offset":545},{"id":6578,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":38,"end_offset":47},{"id":6551,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":168,"end_offset":186},{"id":6553,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":206},{"id":6563,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":382,"end_offset":402},{"id":6565,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":426,"end_offset":459},{"id":6572,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":547,"end_offset":557},{"id":6574,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":563,"end_offset":594},{"id":6576,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":608,"end_offset":662},{"id":6581,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":58,"end_offset":95}],"relations":[{"id":2784,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6551,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2785,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6552,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2787,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6553,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2789,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6558,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2790,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6563,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2792,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6565,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2793,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6567,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2794,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6569,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2796,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6572,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2797,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6574,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2798,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6576,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2788,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6561,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2791,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6564,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":2795,"from_id":6545,"to_id":6570,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":366,"text":"#Treatment - Avian Influenza - 1E31\nHospital care is recommended in initial stages of the disease (such as Human infection with an A(H5N1) to monitor clinical status. Along with supportive therapy some antiviral drugs, especially oseltamivir, can be used. It reduces the duration of viral replication and improves prospects of survival. Antiviral treatment (oseltamivir) is given as early as possible based on clinical suspicion (ideally, within 48 hours following symptom onset) and before confirmation of causative agent. In suspected case a standard five day course should be given, unless any other diagnosis is confirmed. In a confirmed case depending on the clinical status, dose and duration of the oseltamivir therapy can be increased by treating clinician. The use of corticosteroids is not recommended by WHO.","entities":[{"id":6559,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":28},{"id":6562,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":36,"end_offset":49},{"id":6566,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":86,"end_offset":97},{"id":6571,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":138},{"id":6573,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":107,"end_offset":122},{"id":6580,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":230,"end_offset":241},{"id":6585,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":603,"end_offset":612},{"id":6591,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":777,"end_offset":792},{"id":6577,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":178,"end_offset":196},{"id":6579,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":202,"end_offset":217},{"id":6583,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":337,"end_offset":370},{"id":6589,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":681,"end_offset":725}],"relations":[{"id":2779,"from_id":6571,"to_id":6573,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":2780,"from_id":6562,"to_id":6566,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2782,"from_id":6579,"to_id":6559,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2783,"from_id":6580,"to_id":6559,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2786,"from_id":6583,"to_id":6559,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2800,"from_id":6589,"to_id":6559,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2801,"from_id":6591,"to_id":6559,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2781,"from_id":6577,"to_id":6559,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":2799,"from_id":6559,"to_id":6585,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Back_Pain-ME84.Z.jsonl

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+{"id":468,"text":"#Causes - Back Pain - ME84.Z\nCauses of Back pain includes: Bending for long periods, lifting carrying pushing or pulling incorrectly, Twisting, Over-stretching, Driving in a curved position or driving for long periods without taking a break, Overuse of the muscles, usually due to sport or repetitive movements.","entities":[{"id":8780,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":19},{"id":8781,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":39,"end_offset":48},{"id":8782,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":59,"end_offset":83},{"id":8786,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":161,"end_offset":240},{"id":8788,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":266,"end_offset":310},{"id":8783,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":85,"end_offset":132},{"id":8784,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":134,"end_offset":142},{"id":8785,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":144,"end_offset":159},{"id":8787,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":242,"end_offset":264}],"relations":[{"id":3904,"from_id":8781,"to_id":8783,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3905,"from_id":8781,"to_id":8784,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3906,"from_id":8781,"to_id":8785,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3907,"from_id":8781,"to_id":8786,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3908,"from_id":8781,"to_id":8787,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3909,"from_id":8781,"to_id":8788,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3903,"from_id":8781,"to_id":8782,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":469,"text":"#Diagnosis - Back Pain - ME84.Z\nMost cases of back pain do not require medical attention and can be treated with painkillers and self-care. The physical examination will usually assess your capacity to sit, stand, walk and lift your legs, as well as testing the range of movement in your back.","entities":[{"id":8789,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":22},{"id":8790,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":46,"end_offset":55},{"id":8791,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":113,"end_offset":124},{"id":8792,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":129,"end_offset":138},{"id":8794,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":250,"end_offset":279},{"id":8793,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":144,"end_offset":164}],"relations":[{"id":3910,"from_id":8791,"to_id":8790,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3913,"from_id":8789,"to_id":8793,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3911,"from_id":8792,"to_id":8790,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3914,"from_id":8789,"to_id":8794,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":470,"text":"#Prevention - Back Pain - ME84.Z\nBack pain is generally prevented by regular exercise. Right posture during standing: Stand upright with your head facing forward and back straight. Right posture during sitting: Sitting upright with support in the small of back. Wear flat shoes. Try reducing stress and anxiety. Avoid sudden movement that can cause muscle strain.","entities":[{"id":8795,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":23},{"id":8796,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":33,"end_offset":42},{"id":8797,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":69,"end_offset":85},{"id":8799,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":118,"end_offset":179},{"id":8800,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":181,"end_offset":209},{"id":8802,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":262,"end_offset":277},{"id":8803,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":279,"end_offset":362},{"id":8798,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":87,"end_offset":116},{"id":8801,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":211,"end_offset":260}],"relations":[{"id":3915,"from_id":8796,"to_id":8797,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3916,"from_id":8795,"to_id":8798,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3919,"from_id":8795,"to_id":8801,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3917,"from_id":8795,"to_id":8799,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3918,"from_id":8795,"to_id":8800,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3920,"from_id":8795,"to_id":8802,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3921,"from_id":8795,"to_id":8803,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":471,"text":"#Overview - Back Pain - ME84.Z\nAcute or short term back pain lasts for few days to few weeks.  It usually feels like an ache, strain or rigidity in the back. Chronic back pain persists for more than 3 weeks. The pain is generally triggered by improper posture while sitting or standing, bending awkwardly, or lifting incorrectly. Back pain is not generally caused by a serious condition and, in most cases, it gets better within 1-2 weeks. It can be treated by taking painkillers.","entities":[{"id":8806,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":120,"end_offset":124},{"id":8810,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":208,"end_offset":216},{"id":8811,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":243,"end_offset":285},{"id":8812,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":287,"end_offset":304},{"id":8813,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":309,"end_offset":328},{"id":8814,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":330,"end_offset":339},{"id":8816,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":440,"end_offset":442},{"id":8804,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":21},{"id":8805,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":31,"end_offset":60},{"id":8807,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":126,"end_offset":156},{"id":8808,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":97},{"id":8809,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":158,"end_offset":175},{"id":8815,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":468,"end_offset":479}],"relations":[{"id":3924,"from_id":8810,"to_id":8811,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3926,"from_id":8810,"to_id":8813,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3922,"from_id":8808,"to_id":8806,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3923,"from_id":8808,"to_id":8807,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3925,"from_id":8810,"to_id":8812,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3927,"from_id":8815,"to_id":8816,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":472,"text":"#Symptoms - Back Pain - ME84.Z\nUpper or middle back pain often causes a dull, burning, or sharp pain. Symptoms like: Weakness in arms or legs, A numb or tingling sensation in arms legs chest or abdomen (stomach area). The pain will often only affect the lower back. The pain can:  Increase suddenly after lifting something heavy or twisting  back awkwardly, It can develop gradually as a result of poor posture, Occasionally it may occur for no apparent reason, The pain may be worse at night during activity or after sitting in the same position for a long time such as after a long car journey. Sometimes lying down flat may help ease the pain. Painful stiffness of the shoulder, which makes it difficult to dress, drive or sleep, may be a sign of frozen shoulder. Pain in the joints (including the back) during walking and stiffness in the morning are symptoms of arthritis. Lower back pain, buttock pain, neck pain and stiffness and pain in the sacroiliac joint (the joint that connects the pelvis to the spine) are all possible symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis. Neck pain and stiffness, headaches and lower back pain following an accident are common symptoms of whiplash.","entities":[{"id":8817,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":21},{"id":8818,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":31,"end_offset":56},{"id":8820,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":117,"end_offset":141},{"id":8822,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":254,"end_offset":264},{"id":8824,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":266,"end_offset":274},{"id":8825,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":305,"end_offset":328},{"id":8827,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":360},{"id":8819,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":72,"end_offset":100},{"id":8821,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":216},{"id":8823,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":218,"end_offset":226},{"id":8826,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":332,"end_offset":356},{"id":8828,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":512,"end_offset":595},{"id":8829,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":462,"end_offset":470},{"id":8830,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":607,"end_offset":622},{"id":8834,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":767,"end_offset":851},{"id":8835,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":867,"end_offset":876},{"id":8838,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":895,"end_offset":907},{"id":8843,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1009,"end_offset":1014},{"id":8844,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1069,"end_offset":1092},{"id":8845,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":1094,"end_offset":1123},{"id":8846,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1169,"end_offset":1177},{"id":8831,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":637,"end_offset":645},{"id":8832,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":647,"end_offset":680},{"id":8833,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":750,"end_offset":765},{"id":8836,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1045,"end_offset":1067},{"id":8837,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":878,"end_offset":893},{"id":8839,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":909,"end_offset":918},{"id":8840,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":923,"end_offset":932},{"id":8841,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":937,"end_offset":965},{"id":8842,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":995,"end_offset":1001}],"relations":[{"id":3931,"from_id":8823,"to_id":8822,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3932,"from_id":8824,"to_id":8825,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3933,"from_id":8824,"to_id":8826,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3928,"from_id":8818,"to_id":8819,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3929,"from_id":8817,"to_id":8820,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3930,"from_id":8817,"to_id":8821,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3934,"from_id":8829,"to_id":8828,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3935,"from_id":8830,"to_id":8831,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3937,"from_id":8836,"to_id":8837,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3938,"from_id":8836,"to_id":8838,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3939,"from_id":8836,"to_id":8839,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3941,"from_id":8836,"to_id":8842,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3936,"from_id":8835,"to_id":8834,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3940,"from_id":8836,"to_id":8840,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3942,"from_id":8836,"to_id":8843,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3943,"from_id":8846,"to_id":8844,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3944,"from_id":8846,"to_id":8845,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":473,"text":"#Risk factors - Back Pain - ME84.Z\nRisks factors include: Pregnancy, Overweight or obese, Weakness Bones, Stress, Depression.","entities":[{"id":8851,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":106,"end_offset":112},{"id":8852,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":114,"end_offset":124},{"id":8847,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":25},{"id":8848,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":58,"end_offset":67},{"id":8849,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":69,"end_offset":88},{"id":8850,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":90,"end_offset":104}],"relations":[{"id":3948,"from_id":8847,"to_id":8851,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3945,"from_id":8847,"to_id":8848,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3946,"from_id":8847,"to_id":8849,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3947,"from_id":8847,"to_id":8850,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3949,"from_id":8847,"to_id":8852,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":474,"text":"#Treatment - Back Pain - ME84.Z\nPain relievers: Paracetamol and NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs) such as ibuprofen etc are effective pain killers during back pain. Hot and cold treatment: Hot bath or a hot water bottle placed on the affected area helps ease the pain. Cold treatment such as an ice pack or a bag of frozen vegetables, placed on the painful area is also effective. Relaxing: Trying to relax is a crucial part of easing the pain because muscle tension caused by worrying about your condition can make things worse. Exercise:  A normal regime should involve up to eight sessions over a period of up to 12 weeks. It should be in group supervised by a qualified instructor. The classes may include exercises to strengthen muscles and improve posture.","entities":[{"id":8869,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":736,"end_offset":754},{"id":8870,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":759,"end_offset":774},{"id":8853,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":22},{"id":8855,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":59},{"id":8858,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":147,"end_offset":159},{"id":8859,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":167,"end_offset":176},{"id":8860,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":178,"end_offset":200},{"id":8863,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":282,"end_offset":296},{"id":8866,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":465,"end_offset":479},{"id":8867,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":490,"end_offset":519},{"id":8868,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":543,"end_offset":551},{"id":8854,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":32,"end_offset":46},{"id":8856,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":64,"end_offset":110},{"id":8857,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":119,"end_offset":128},{"id":8861,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":247,"end_offset":260},{"id":8862,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":272,"end_offset":280},{"id":8864,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":394,"end_offset":402},{"id":8865,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":452,"end_offset":456}],"relations":[{"id":3960,"from_id":8868,"to_id":8853,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3951,"from_id":8858,"to_id":8859,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3952,"from_id":8854,"to_id":8859,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3953,"from_id":8855,"to_id":8859,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3954,"from_id":8856,"to_id":8859,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3958,"from_id":8865,"to_id":8867,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3959,"from_id":8865,"to_id":8866,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3950,"from_id":8856,"to_id":8857,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":3955,"from_id":8860,"to_id":8862,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3956,"from_id":8862,"to_id":8861,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3957,"from_id":8863,"to_id":8853,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Bad_Breath-MD94.jsonl

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+{"id":568,"text":"#Diagnosis - Bad Breath - MD94\nDiagnosis of bad breath or halitosis, and assessment of its severity is very important to find out if it is genuine halitosis or pseudo-halitosis or halitophobia. COMMON DIAGNOSTIC METHODS: Organoleptic measurement, gas chromatography, sulfide monitoring, the BANA test, chemical sensors. OTHER DIAGNOSTIC METHODS: quantifying β-galactosidase activity, salivary incubation test, ammonia monitoring or ninhydrin method.","entities":[{"id":9529,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":23},{"id":9530,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":44,"end_offset":67},{"id":9531,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":139,"end_offset":192},{"id":9532,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":221,"end_offset":245},{"id":9533,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":247,"end_offset":265},{"id":9534,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":267,"end_offset":285},{"id":9535,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":287,"end_offset":300},{"id":9536,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":302,"end_offset":318},{"id":9537,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":346,"end_offset":382},{"id":9538,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":384,"end_offset":408},{"id":9539,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":410,"end_offset":448}],"relations":[{"id":4326,"from_id":9529,"to_id":9532,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4327,"from_id":9529,"to_id":9533,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4329,"from_id":9529,"to_id":9535,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4330,"from_id":9529,"to_id":9536,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4328,"from_id":9529,"to_id":9534,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4331,"from_id":9529,"to_id":9537,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4332,"from_id":9529,"to_id":9538,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4333,"from_id":9529,"to_id":9539,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":569,"text":"#Causes - Bad Breath - MD94\nHalitosis has numerous causes and origins. Poor Oral hygiene: Sometimes it may be a consequence of lifestyle. If you don't brush and floss daily, food particles accumulate in between your teeth and on tongue; bacteria grow on the food left in your mouth and leave foul-smelling waste products (volatile sulphur compounds) behind, which lead to bad breath. Lack of regular tongue cleaning, may be a cause of bad breath despite proper brushing and flossing. Dietary Habits: Intake of certain foods and drinks such as onion, garlic, spices etc. and certain habits such as smoking, using tobacco products, drinking alcohol cause halitosis. Fasting or starvation can also cause bad breath. ","entities":[{"id":9540,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":20},{"id":9541,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":28,"end_offset":38},{"id":9542,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":71,"end_offset":88},{"id":9543,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":484,"end_offset":498},{"id":9547,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":701,"end_offset":711},{"id":9548,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":500,"end_offset":646},{"id":9544,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":372,"end_offset":382},{"id":9545,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":384,"end_offset":415},{"id":9546,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":435,"end_offset":445},{"id":9549,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":653,"end_offset":662},{"id":9550,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":664,"end_offset":685}],"relations":[{"id":4335,"from_id":9544,"to_id":9542,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4336,"from_id":9546,"to_id":9545,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4337,"from_id":9549,"to_id":9548,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4338,"from_id":9549,"to_id":9543,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4339,"from_id":9547,"to_id":9550,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":570,"text":"#Overview - Bad Breath - MD94\nBad breath or Halitosis (oral malodour) is an unpleasant odour of the mouth. It is a common complaint for both genders and for all age groups. Nearly more than 50% of the general population in developed countries have halitosis. Bad breath affects a person's daily life, causes social and psychological discomfort for individuals and affect their relation with other people. Mild transient bad breath which often arises after sleep is common and generally not regarded as halitosis. It is termed as “morning halitosis.” Some people complain of halitosis yet there is no measurable halitosis, even with objective testing, this may be a symptom of delusion or mono symptomatic hypochondriasis (self oral malodour). It is known as HALITOPHOBIA or PSEUDOHALITOSIS.","entities":[{"id":9554,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":248,"end_offset":257},{"id":9560,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":574,"end_offset":584},{"id":9562,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":758,"end_offset":789},{"id":9551,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":22},{"id":9552,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":30,"end_offset":53},{"id":9553,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":100,"end_offset":105},{"id":9555,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":259,"end_offset":269},{"id":9557,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":420,"end_offset":430},{"id":9558,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":502,"end_offset":511},{"id":9559,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":530,"end_offset":547},{"id":9561,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":611,"end_offset":620},{"id":9563,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":676,"end_offset":720}],"relations":[{"id":4340,"from_id":9552,"to_id":9553,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":4341,"from_id":9561,"to_id":9563,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":571,"text":"#Prevention - Bad Breath - MD94\nBrush your teeth twice daily and clean between your teeth using floss. Don’t forget to clean your tongue using a toothbrush or tongue scraper. Tongue cleaning is usually effective in reducing bad breath. After meals, rinse your mouth vigorously with water. People wearing dentures should make sure that they remove the dentures at night and clean them thoroughly before using them next morning. People with fixed orthodontic appliances should take extra care to maintain their oral hygiene to prevent bad breath. Quit smoking, tobacco, alcohol intake for a better breath and better quality of life. Mouthwash will only mask the bad breath temporarily.\n","entities":[{"id":9564,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":24},{"id":9567,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":175,"end_offset":234},{"id":9569,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":289,"end_offset":425},{"id":9570,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":427,"end_offset":543},{"id":9571,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":545,"end_offset":629},{"id":9565,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":32,"end_offset":101},{"id":9566,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":103,"end_offset":173},{"id":9568,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":236,"end_offset":287},{"id":9572,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":631,"end_offset":682}],"relations":[{"id":4342,"from_id":9564,"to_id":9565,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":4345,"from_id":9564,"to_id":9568,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":4346,"from_id":9564,"to_id":9569,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":4348,"from_id":9564,"to_id":9571,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":4343,"from_id":9564,"to_id":9566,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":4344,"from_id":9564,"to_id":9567,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":4347,"from_id":9564,"to_id":9570,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":4349,"from_id":9564,"to_id":9572,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":572,"text":"#Treatment - Bad Breath - MD94\nFor treatment of halitosis, detecting the cause or determining its source, by detailed clinical examination is important. If you have bad breath despite maintaining good oral hygiene visit your dentist to rule out gum diseases (Gingivitis or Periodontitis) or dry mouth (Xerostomia) and for proper identification and treatment of the problem. Lastly, see your physician if halitosis is persistent as it may be due to some medical problem. Management of halitophobia may be complex but is very important because persons with halitophobia avoid socialising and even avoid talking with people. Before treating people with halitophobia, it must be proven to them that they do not have measurable halitosis by measuring devices. If the person is obsessed with the idea of having bad breath, consultation with a psychologist is required. ","entities":[{"id":9573,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":23},{"id":9577,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":404,"end_offset":414},{"id":9578,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":484,"end_offset":497},{"id":9580,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":650,"end_offset":662},{"id":9582,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":805,"end_offset":815},{"id":9574,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":57},{"id":9575,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":118,"end_offset":138},{"id":9576,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":165,"end_offset":175},{"id":9579,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":555,"end_offset":568},{"id":9581,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":723,"end_offset":733}],"relations":[{"id":4350,"from_id":9575,"to_id":9574,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Band_Shaped_Keratopathy-9A78.4.jsonl

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+{"id":526,"text":"#Causes - Band Shaped Keratopathy - 9A78.4\nNumerous mechanisms, whether systemic or local to the eye, by which the balance of the calcium phosphate solubility product are tilted toward abnormal tissue calcification resulting nonspecific finding of band keratopathy. As such, there are many diseases associated with this condition. Though we tend to think first of conditions such as uveitis and systemic hypercalcaemia, in a recent series the most commonly associated causes of calcific band keratopathy were chronic corneal oedema, phthisis bulbi, and even idiopathic cases.","entities":[{"id":9061,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":33},{"id":9062,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":509,"end_offset":531},{"id":9063,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":533,"end_offset":547},{"id":9064,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":558,"end_offset":574},{"id":9065,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":97,"end_offset":100},{"id":9066,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":248,"end_offset":264},{"id":9069,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":383,"end_offset":390},{"id":9070,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":395,"end_offset":418}],"relations":[{"id":4070,"from_id":9061,"to_id":9069,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4071,"from_id":9061,"to_id":9070,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4072,"from_id":9061,"to_id":9062,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4073,"from_id":9061,"to_id":9063,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4074,"from_id":9061,"to_id":9064,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":527,"text":"#Diagnosis - Band Shaped Keratopathy - 9A78.4\nDiagnosis of band shaped keratopathy depends upon clinical presentation. Clinical history: Patients with band shaped keratopathy are asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease. Symptomatic patients should be enquired about the severity and duration of symptoms. Laboratory diagnosis: Laboratory diagnosis may include tests to diagnose any systemic association of band shaped keratopathy such as: Serum calcium and phosphate levels. Serum parathormone level. Renal function tests viz. blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Angiotensin converting enzyme levels, x-ray or spiral computerised tomography (CT) scan of chest may be done in suspected cases of sarcoid.","entities":[{"id":9073,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":151,"end_offset":174},{"id":9075,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":313,"end_offset":333},{"id":9077,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":414,"end_offset":437},{"id":9082,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":578,"end_offset":614},{"id":9084,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":625,"end_offset":665},{"id":9074,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":179,"end_offset":226},{"id":9076,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":368,"end_offset":373},{"id":9078,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":447,"end_offset":481},{"id":9079,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":483,"end_offset":507},{"id":9080,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":509,"end_offset":533},{"id":9081,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":535,"end_offset":576},{"id":9083,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":616,"end_offset":621},{"id":9071,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":36},{"id":9072,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":119,"end_offset":135}],"relations":[{"id":4076,"from_id":9073,"to_id":9074,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":4077,"from_id":9071,"to_id":9075,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4079,"from_id":9077,"to_id":9076,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4080,"from_id":9077,"to_id":9078,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4082,"from_id":9077,"to_id":9080,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4084,"from_id":9077,"to_id":9082,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4081,"from_id":9077,"to_id":9079,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4083,"from_id":9077,"to_id":9081,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4085,"from_id":9077,"to_id":9083,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4086,"from_id":9077,"to_id":9084,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4075,"from_id":9071,"to_id":9072,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":528,"text":"#Overview - Band Shaped Keratopathy - 9A78.4\nBand Shaped Keratopathy (Calcific band keratopathy, or band keratopathy) is a non-specific corneal condition characterised by chronic deposition of calcium salts (principally hydroxyapatite) within the basement membrane, Bowman’s layer and anterior stromal lamellae of the corneal epithelium (leaving remainder of the cornea clear). Initially, corneal degenerative changes begin near the limbus, either on nasal, temporal or both sides together in exposed palpebral fissure at 3 to 9 o’clock position. Calcific band is concentric with the limbus but is separated from it by a clear zone (representing a lucid interval) due to lack of Bowman’s layer at the periphery, or due to buffering action at the limbus. Keratopathy appears as a superficial greyish-white corneal opacity having frosted or ground glass appearance. The opacity is covered by clear epithelium with lacunae of uninvolved tissue. There are numerous holes where corneal nerves penetrate the Bowman’s layer. The disease progresses toward the corneal center and thickens as well in its anterior and posterior dimensions, resulting in more opaque, whitish surface with increased nodularity.","entities":[{"id":9085,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":35},{"id":9086,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":45,"end_offset":68},{"id":9090,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":451,"end_offset":456},{"id":9093,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":100,"end_offset":116},{"id":9087,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":247,"end_offset":264},{"id":9088,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":433,"end_offset":439},{"id":9091,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":934,"end_offset":940},{"id":9092,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":70,"end_offset":95}],"relations":[],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":529,"text":"#Symptoms - Band Shaped Keratopathy - 9A78.4\nPatients with band shaped keratopathy are asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease. Patients with band shaped keratopathy may complain of: Ocular (eye) irritation. Foreign body sensation. Diminution of vision. Lacrimation or watering of eyes. Pain. Epithelial defects. Photophobia (increased sensitivity to light). Visible plaque in the eye. Redness (less common).","entities":[{"id":9094,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":35},{"id":9098,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":216,"end_offset":238},{"id":9099,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":240,"end_offset":260},{"id":9100,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":262,"end_offset":293},{"id":9102,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":301,"end_offset":319},{"id":9095,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":59,"end_offset":82},{"id":9096,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":150,"end_offset":173},{"id":9097,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":191,"end_offset":214},{"id":9101,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":295,"end_offset":299},{"id":9103,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":321,"end_offset":365},{"id":9105,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":367,"end_offset":392},{"id":9106,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":394,"end_offset":415}],"relations":[{"id":4091,"from_id":9094,"to_id":9100,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":4092,"from_id":9094,"to_id":9101,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":4088,"from_id":9096,"to_id":9097,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":4089,"from_id":9094,"to_id":9098,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":4090,"from_id":9094,"to_id":9099,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":4093,"from_id":9094,"to_id":9102,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":4094,"from_id":9094,"to_id":9103,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":4095,"from_id":9094,"to_id":9105,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":4096,"from_id":9094,"to_id":9106,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":530,"text":"#Treatment - Band Shaped Keratopathy - 9A78.4\nManagement should be carried out under medical supervision. Medical therapy: Although medical therapy is ineffective in treating band keratopathy, underlying systemic conditions associated with elevated levels of calcium and phosphate should be treated to prevent recurrence. Surgical therapy: The goal of surgery is to remove opaque plaques of calcium, without inducing visually significant stromal scarring. Superficial debridement: The primary goal of superficial debridement is to clear the visual axis. Superficial debridement of band keratopathy can be performed in a sterile manner in outpatient setting preferably under magnification. Though, any local anaesthesia (e.g. proparacaine) may be used, but cocaine as local anaesthetic facilitates the separation of corneal epithelium from Bowman’s layer. This allows ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) to work more effectively.","entities":[{"id":9113,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":322,"end_offset":338},{"id":9114,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":352,"end_offset":359},{"id":9107,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":36},{"id":9108,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":106,"end_offset":121},{"id":9109,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":132,"end_offset":148},{"id":9110,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":175,"end_offset":191},{"id":9115,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":456,"end_offset":479},{"id":9116,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":581,"end_offset":597},{"id":9117,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":554,"end_offset":577},{"id":9119,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":501,"end_offset":524},{"id":9120,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":701,"end_offset":718},{"id":9118,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":541,"end_offset":552},{"id":9121,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":725,"end_offset":737},{"id":9122,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":867,"end_offset":906}],"relations":[{"id":4097,"from_id":9109,"to_id":9110,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":4099,"from_id":9113,"to_id":9107,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":4103,"from_id":9119,"to_id":9118,"type":"surgery_on_R"},{"id":4106,"from_id":9122,"to_id":9107,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":4100,"from_id":9115,"to_id":9107,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":4102,"from_id":9117,"to_id":9116,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":4104,"from_id":9120,"to_id":9107,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":4105,"from_id":9121,"to_id":9107,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Bedsores-EH90.Z.jsonl

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+{"id":462,"text":"#Causes - Bedsores - EH90.Z\nPressure on the skin leads to  reduced blood flow to the area. Without enough blood skin dies, leading to formation of ulcer. One may get a bed sore if: One uses a wheelchair or is bed ridden for a long time, If one cannot move certain parts of body without help because of a spine or brain injury or disease such as multiple sclerosis, One is suffering from disease that affects blood flow, including diabetes or vascular disease, One has  Alzheimer's disease or other condition that affects mental status, Have fragile skin, Have urinary incontinence or bowel incontinence, Lack of nutrition or malnourishment.","entities":[{"id":8686,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":18},{"id":8689,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":28,"end_offset":48},{"id":8693,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":147,"end_offset":152},{"id":8694,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":121},{"id":8695,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":168,"end_offset":176},{"id":8697,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":237,"end_offset":363},{"id":8699,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":365,"end_offset":458},{"id":8701,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":536,"end_offset":553},{"id":8702,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":555,"end_offset":602},{"id":8703,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":604,"end_offset":639},{"id":8696,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":181,"end_offset":235},{"id":8700,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":460,"end_offset":534}],"relations":[{"id":3849,"from_id":8693,"to_id":8694,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3853,"from_id":8695,"to_id":8697,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3854,"from_id":8695,"to_id":8699,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3857,"from_id":8695,"to_id":8702,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3852,"from_id":8695,"to_id":8696,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3855,"from_id":8695,"to_id":8700,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3856,"from_id":8695,"to_id":8701,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3858,"from_id":8695,"to_id":8703,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":463,"text":"#Diagnosis - Bedsores - EH90.Z\nIf one is bedridden or wheelchair, observe for signs of bedsores. The severity of skin breakdown may be categorized as follows: Stage 1: Abnormal redness of skin. Skin is intact. This stage is reversible. Stage 2: The redness progresses to an abrasion, blister, or shallow crater. This stage is also reversible. Stage 3: A crater-like sore or ulcer that has begun to extend beneath the skin. This stage may be life-threatening. Stage 4: Skin loss with extensive destruction or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures such as tendons or joint capsules. This stage may be fatal.","entities":[{"id":8704,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":21},{"id":8705,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":87,"end_offset":95},{"id":8706,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":168,"end_offset":192},{"id":8707,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":194,"end_offset":198},{"id":8708,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":245,"end_offset":310},{"id":8709,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":352,"end_offset":421},{"id":8710,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":468,"end_offset":590},{"id":8711,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":113,"end_offset":127}],"relations":[],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":464,"text":"#Overview - Bedsores - EH90.Z\nBedsores are also called pressure sores or pressure ulcers . Bedsores are injuries to skin and underlying tissues resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin. Bedsores generally develop on skin that covers bony areas of the body, such as heels, ankles, hips or buttocks. Most people at risk of bedsores are those with a medical condition, that limits their ability to change position, requires them to use a wheelchair or confines them to bed for prolonged periods. Bedsores can develop quickly and are often difficult to treat. Several care strategies can help prevent some bedsores and promote healing.","entities":[{"id":8714,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":55,"end_offset":69},{"id":8716,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":99},{"id":8719,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":191,"end_offset":199},{"id":8721,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":221,"end_offset":260},{"id":8722,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":270,"end_offset":275},{"id":8712,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":20},{"id":8713,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":30,"end_offset":38},{"id":8715,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":73,"end_offset":88},{"id":8717,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":104,"end_offset":143},{"id":8718,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":159,"end_offset":189},{"id":8723,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":277,"end_offset":283},{"id":8724,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":285,"end_offset":289},{"id":8725,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":293,"end_offset":301},{"id":8726,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":326,"end_offset":334},{"id":8728,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":498,"end_offset":506},{"id":8727,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":345,"end_offset":496},{"id":8729,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":607,"end_offset":615},{"id":8730,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":569,"end_offset":584}],"relations":[{"id":3859,"from_id":8716,"to_id":8717,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3862,"from_id":8719,"to_id":8721,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3863,"from_id":8719,"to_id":8722,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3864,"from_id":8719,"to_id":8723,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3860,"from_id":8726,"to_id":8727,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3861,"from_id":8730,"to_id":8729,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3865,"from_id":8719,"to_id":8724,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3866,"from_id":8719,"to_id":8725,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3867,"from_id":8716,"to_id":8718,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":465,"text":"#Prevention - Bedsores - EH90.Z\nThe best way to prevent bedsores is by changing position frequently to avoid constant pressure against body and to redistribute body weight. It also promotes  blood flow to the tissues. If one can't move, he or she should be helped to reposition at least every 2 hours, or every 15 minutes if you are seated in a chair. Pillows or foam wedges can help to shift weight if one is unable to move. Range of motion (exercise machine) exercises can help prevent contractures, improve circulation; and maintain joint integrity, mobility, and muscle mass. The  bed should not be elevated more than 30 degrees (except when you are eating).","entities":[{"id":8739,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":567,"end_offset":573},{"id":8731,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":14,"end_offset":22},{"id":8732,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":56,"end_offset":64},{"id":8733,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":71,"end_offset":139},{"id":8734,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":147,"end_offset":171},{"id":8736,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":352,"end_offset":399},{"id":8735,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":181,"end_offset":216},{"id":8737,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":426,"end_offset":470},{"id":8738,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":488,"end_offset":500},{"id":8740,"label":"Precaution_E","start_offset":580,"end_offset":661}],"relations":[{"id":3869,"from_id":8732,"to_id":8734,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3873,"from_id":8731,"to_id":8740,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3868,"from_id":8732,"to_id":8733,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3870,"from_id":8731,"to_id":8735,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3871,"from_id":8731,"to_id":8736,"type":"has_precaution_R"},{"id":3872,"from_id":8731,"to_id":8737,"type":"has_precaution_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":466,"text":"#Treatment - Bedsores - EH90.Z\nThe treatment of bedsores depends on the severity (i.e. the stage) of the wound. Depending on the severity, a variety of approaches may be used to promote healing. They include synthetic dressings, saline dressings, acetic acid compresses, and various antibiotic dressings (bedsores are particularly prone to infection). For more severe wounds, surgery may be necessary to remove areas of dead skin. The most important step in both treatment and prevention of bedsores is relieving pressure by frequent repositioning.","entities":[{"id":8742,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":48,"end_offset":56},{"id":8746,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":229,"end_offset":245},{"id":8747,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":247,"end_offset":269},{"id":8748,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":283,"end_offset":350},{"id":8749,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":376,"end_offset":383},{"id":8751,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":491,"end_offset":499},{"id":8752,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":525,"end_offset":547},{"id":8741,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":21},{"id":8743,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":72,"end_offset":110},{"id":8744,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":186,"end_offset":193},{"id":8745,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":208,"end_offset":227},{"id":8750,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":420,"end_offset":429}],"relations":[{"id":3878,"from_id":8747,"to_id":8741,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3880,"from_id":8745,"to_id":8741,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3874,"from_id":8742,"to_id":8743,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3875,"from_id":8744,"to_id":8741,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3876,"from_id":8749,"to_id":8750,"type":"surgery_on_R"},{"id":3877,"from_id":8748,"to_id":8741,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3879,"from_id":8746,"to_id":8741,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3881,"from_id":8752,"to_id":8751,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":467,"text":"#Symptoms - Bedsores - EH90.Z\nSymptoms of a bedsores are: Red skin that worsens over time, Appearance of blister, open sore. Pressure sores most commonly occur on: Ankles, Back of head, Back, Buttocks, Elbow, Hips, Heels, Shoulders. Pressure sores are categorized as deep tissue injury which may be purple or maroon. Bedsores may be an area of skin or blood-filled blister, caused due to damage of soft tissue from pressure. The area around may be sore, firm, mushy, boggy, warmer, or cooler compared with tissue nearby.","entities":[{"id":8753,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":20},{"id":8756,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":91,"end_offset":112},{"id":8757,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":114,"end_offset":123},{"id":8758,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":164,"end_offset":170},{"id":8759,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":172,"end_offset":184},{"id":8760,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":186,"end_offset":190},{"id":8761,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":192,"end_offset":200},{"id":8762,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":202,"end_offset":207},{"id":8763,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":209,"end_offset":213},{"id":8767,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":233,"end_offset":247},{"id":8771,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":352,"end_offset":372},{"id":8772,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":388,"end_offset":423},{"id":8773,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":448,"end_offset":452},{"id":8775,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":460,"end_offset":465},{"id":8776,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":467,"end_offset":472},{"id":8779,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":506,"end_offset":512},{"id":8764,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":215,"end_offset":220},{"id":8765,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":222,"end_offset":231},{"id":8766,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":125,"end_offset":139},{"id":8768,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":267,"end_offset":285},{"id":8769,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":317,"end_offset":325},{"id":8770,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":344,"end_offset":348},{"id":8774,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":454,"end_offset":458},{"id":8777,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":474,"end_offset":480},{"id":8778,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":485,"end_offset":491},{"id":8754,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":44,"end_offset":52},{"id":8755,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":58,"end_offset":89}],"relations":[{"id":3883,"from_id":8754,"to_id":8756,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3882,"from_id":8754,"to_id":8755,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3884,"from_id":8754,"to_id":8757,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3885,"from_id":8766,"to_id":8758,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3890,"from_id":8766,"to_id":8763,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3891,"from_id":8766,"to_id":8764,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3893,"from_id":8767,"to_id":8768,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3895,"from_id":8769,"to_id":8771,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3897,"from_id":8753,"to_id":8773,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3899,"from_id":8753,"to_id":8775,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3900,"from_id":8753,"to_id":8776,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3901,"from_id":8753,"to_id":8777,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3902,"from_id":8753,"to_id":8778,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3886,"from_id":8766,"to_id":8759,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3887,"from_id":8766,"to_id":8760,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3888,"from_id":8766,"to_id":8761,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3889,"from_id":8766,"to_id":8762,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3892,"from_id":8766,"to_id":8765,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3894,"from_id":8769,"to_id":8770,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3896,"from_id":8769,"to_id":8772,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3898,"from_id":8753,"to_id":8774,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Bells_Palsy-8B88.0.jsonl

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+{"id":514,"text":"#Diagnosis - Bells Palsy - 8B88.0\nThere is no specific test to diagnose Bell’s palsy. Symptoms associated with the bell's palsy help physician to determine the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): It is used to determine the cause of the pressure on facial nerve. MRI scans use radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce a detailed image of the inside of body. Computerized tomography (CT) scan: It is also be used to detect other causes of symptoms, such as an infection or tumor. A facial CT scan may also be carried out to rule out facial fractures. Electromyography (EMG): It is a very thin needle electrode that is inserted through the skin into the muscle. A machine called an oscilloscope is then used to measure the electrical activity of the muscles and nerves. The information provided by an EMG can be used to assess the extent of any nerve damage.","entities":[{"id":8871,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":24},{"id":8872,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":72,"end_offset":84},{"id":8874,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":169,"end_offset":201},{"id":8875,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":256,"end_offset":268},{"id":8876,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":270,"end_offset":279},{"id":8877,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":359,"end_offset":373},{"id":8879,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":476,"end_offset":494},{"id":8880,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":496,"end_offset":507},{"id":8873,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":115,"end_offset":127},{"id":8878,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":375,"end_offset":408},{"id":8881,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":549,"end_offset":565},{"id":8882,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":567,"end_offset":589},{"id":8883,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":655,"end_offset":659},{"id":8884,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":669,"end_offset":675},{"id":8886,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":777,"end_offset":783},{"id":8885,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":761,"end_offset":772},{"id":8887,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":816,"end_offset":819},{"id":8888,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":860,"end_offset":872}],"relations":[{"id":3968,"from_id":8871,"to_id":8882,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3969,"from_id":8871,"to_id":8887,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3961,"from_id":8874,"to_id":8875,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":3963,"from_id":8871,"to_id":8876,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3962,"from_id":8871,"to_id":8874,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3964,"from_id":8871,"to_id":8878,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3965,"from_id":8871,"to_id":8880,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3966,"from_id":8882,"to_id":8883,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"},{"id":3967,"from_id":8882,"to_id":8884,"type":"diagnosis_on_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":515,"text":"#Causes - Bells Palsy - 8B88.0\nThe herpes virus is common cause of inflammation of the facial nerve. The herpes simplex virus (HSV), including either herpes type 1 (HSV-1) which causes cold sores or herpes type 2 (HSV-2) which causes genital herpes. The varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and shingles.","entities":[{"id":8890,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":35,"end_offset":47},{"id":8894,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":185,"end_offset":195},{"id":8895,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":199,"end_offset":220},{"id":8897,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":291,"end_offset":301},{"id":8899,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":250,"end_offset":276},{"id":8898,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":306,"end_offset":314},{"id":8889,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":21},{"id":8891,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":67,"end_offset":79},{"id":8892,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":87,"end_offset":99},{"id":8893,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":101,"end_offset":171},{"id":8896,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":234,"end_offset":248}],"relations":[{"id":3970,"from_id":8894,"to_id":8893,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3971,"from_id":8896,"to_id":8895,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3972,"from_id":8889,"to_id":8890,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3973,"from_id":8897,"to_id":8899,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3974,"from_id":8898,"to_id":8899,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":516,"text":"#Overview - Bells Palsy - 8B88.0\nBell's palsy is a form of facial paralysis resulting from a dysfunction of the cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) causing temporary weakness of the muscles on one side of the face. Symptoms vary from person to person. It is of following types: Partial palsy: That is mild muscle weakness. Complete palsy: There is no movement  at all (though very rare).","entities":[{"id":8907,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":279,"end_offset":322},{"id":8900,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":23},{"id":8903,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":93,"end_offset":129},{"id":8901,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":33,"end_offset":45},{"id":8902,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":59,"end_offset":75},{"id":8904,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":147},{"id":8905,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":167,"end_offset":214},{"id":8908,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":324,"end_offset":368}],"relations":[{"id":3977,"from_id":8901,"to_id":8905,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3975,"from_id":8901,"to_id":8902,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3976,"from_id":8901,"to_id":8903,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":517,"text":"#Symptoms - Bells Palsy - 8B88.0\nBell's Palsy symptoms includes: Irritation of the affected eye, such as dryness or increased tear production, Pain underneath the ear on the affected side of the face, Drooling from the mouth on the affected side of the face, Dryness of the mouth, Difficulty in eating or drinking, Impaired speech, Weakness or paralysis in one side of the face which may make it difficult to close the eyelid and cause the side of the mouth to droop, An altered or reduced sense of taste, Increased sensitivity to sound in the affected ear, Pain around the jaw, Headache, Dizziness.","entities":[{"id":8909,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":23},{"id":8910,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":33,"end_offset":45},{"id":8916,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":281,"end_offset":313},{"id":8917,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":315,"end_offset":330},{"id":8918,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":332,"end_offset":425},{"id":8920,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":468,"end_offset":504},{"id":8923,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":579,"end_offset":587},{"id":8911,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":65,"end_offset":95},{"id":8912,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":105,"end_offset":141},{"id":8913,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":143,"end_offset":199},{"id":8914,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":201,"end_offset":257},{"id":8915,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":259,"end_offset":279},{"id":8919,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":452,"end_offset":457},{"id":8921,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":506,"end_offset":556},{"id":8922,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":558,"end_offset":577},{"id":8924,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":589,"end_offset":598}],"relations":[{"id":3978,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8911,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3980,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8913,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3982,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8915,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3984,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8917,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3985,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8918,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3986,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8919,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3987,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8920,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3988,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8921,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3989,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8922,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3979,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8912,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3981,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8914,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3983,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8916,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3990,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8923,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3991,"from_id":8910,"to_id":8924,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":518,"text":"#Treatment - Bells Palsy - 8B88.0\nPain relievers: Paracetamol and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs) such as ibuprofen etc. are effective pain killers. Hot and cold treatment: Hot bath or a hot water bottle placed on the affected area helps ease the pain. Cold treatment such as an ice pack or a bag of frozen vegetables, placed on the painful area is also effective. Relaxing: Trying to relax is a crucial part of easing the pain because muscle tension caused by worrying about condition can make things worse. Medication: Corticosteroids like Prednisolone helps in reducing inflammation (swelling), which should also help to speed up your recovery. Physiotherapy: Physiotherapist will teach facial exercises that help in strengthening the muscles in the face to improve their co-ordination and range of movement.","entities":[{"id":8925,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":24},{"id":8927,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":50,"end_offset":61},{"id":8929,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":121,"end_offset":130},{"id":8932,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":258,"end_offset":266},{"id":8936,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":476,"end_offset":522},{"id":8937,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":434,"end_offset":442},{"id":8938,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":524,"end_offset":534},{"id":8940,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":588,"end_offset":611},{"id":8942,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":705,"end_offset":721},{"id":8933,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":268,"end_offset":282},{"id":8934,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":380,"end_offset":388},{"id":8935,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":451,"end_offset":465},{"id":8939,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":536,"end_offset":569},{"id":8941,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":663,"end_offset":676},{"id":8943,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":753,"end_offset":760},{"id":8944,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":768,"end_offset":772},{"id":8926,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":34,"end_offset":48},{"id":8928,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":66,"end_offset":112},{"id":8930,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":140,"end_offset":162},{"id":8931,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":164,"end_offset":186}],"relations":[{"id":3992,"from_id":8928,"to_id":8929,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":3993,"from_id":8926,"to_id":8925,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3994,"from_id":8927,"to_id":8925,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3995,"from_id":8928,"to_id":8925,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":4004,"from_id":8941,"to_id":8925,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3997,"from_id":8931,"to_id":8932,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3998,"from_id":8933,"to_id":8925,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":4002,"from_id":8938,"to_id":8925,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3996,"from_id":8930,"to_id":8925,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3999,"from_id":8937,"to_id":8935,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":4000,"from_id":8937,"to_id":8936,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4001,"from_id":8939,"to_id":8925,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":4003,"from_id":8942,"to_id":8925,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Benign_Essential_Blepharospasm-8A02.00.jsonl

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+{"id":501,"text":"#Diagnosis - Benign Essential Blepharospasm - 8A02.00\nDiagnosis of BEB is made clinically (based on history and physical examination) and it is a diagnosis of exclusion by ruling out the presence of associated conditions. Clinical features: Benign Essential Blepharospasm: At onset of BEB, there is increased frequency of blinking precipitated by stimuli such as wind, sunlight, noise, air pollution, reading, watching television, stress, or movement of eye or head. Patients may develop sensory tricks (‘geste antagoniste’) to relieve symptoms such as tics and movements of other muscles innervated by facial nerve e.g. whistling, coughing, eating, picking teeth, yawning or chewing gum. Eyelid spasm, a characteristic feature of blepharospasm, sets in a few months to years after early features. Blepharospasm is unilateral to begin with but usually eventually evolves into a bilateral condition. Blepharospasm usually lasts for minutes to hours together. Blepharospasm has a variable course and may be intermittent or continuous. It is slowly progressive in most of the patients.","entities":[{"id":8581,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":43},{"id":8583,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":112,"end_offset":132},{"id":8582,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":67,"end_offset":70},{"id":8584,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":241,"end_offset":271},{"id":8585,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":285,"end_offset":288},{"id":8586,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":553,"end_offset":557},{"id":8595,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":731,"end_offset":744},{"id":8598,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":899,"end_offset":912},{"id":8599,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":958,"end_offset":971},{"id":8594,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":562,"end_offset":687},{"id":8596,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":689,"end_offset":701},{"id":8597,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":798,"end_offset":811}],"relations":[{"id":3805,"from_id":8582,"to_id":8583,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":3806,"from_id":8595,"to_id":8596,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":502,"text":"#Causes - Benign Essential Blepharospasm - 8A02.00\nExact cause of benign essential blepharospasm is not known. Some evidence using functional neuroimaging studies, suggests dysfunction within basal ganglia. Rarely, genetics play a role in some cases. Some patients with blepharospasm have at least one first degree relative with some form of focal dystonia. Rarely, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant condition.","entities":[{"id":8601,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":66,"end_offset":96},{"id":8602,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":173,"end_offset":205},{"id":8604,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":270,"end_offset":283},{"id":8606,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":392,"end_offset":420},{"id":8600,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":40},{"id":8603,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":215,"end_offset":223},{"id":8605,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":342,"end_offset":356},{"id":8607,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":366,"end_offset":368}],"relations":[{"id":3808,"from_id":8600,"to_id":8602,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3809,"from_id":8600,"to_id":8603,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":3811,"from_id":8604,"to_id":8605,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3812,"from_id":8607,"to_id":8606,"type":"has_complication_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":504,"text":"#Overview - Benign Essential Blepharospasm - 8A02.00\nBenign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is an idiopathic disorder of progressive involuntary spasms of orbicularis oculi and upper facial muscles leading to closure of eyelids. BEB is a bilateral condition and a form of focal dystonia (repetitive involuntary sustained muscle contraction) characterised by episodic contraction of protractor (drawing a part forward) muscles (orbicularis oculi, procerus and corrugator superciliaris) and is not associated with another disease. Severe blepharospasm may temporarily make patient functionally blind. Blepharospasm may be precipitated by factors such as reading, bright light, driving or stress and alleviated by talking, relaxation or walking.","entities":[{"id":8619,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":42},{"id":8620,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":89},{"id":8621,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":153,"end_offset":170},{"id":8624,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":270,"end_offset":284},{"id":8627,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":597,"end_offset":610},{"id":8622,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":175,"end_offset":225},{"id":8623,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":227,"end_offset":230},{"id":8625,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":527,"end_offset":547},{"id":8626,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":553,"end_offset":595},{"id":8628,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":650,"end_offset":657},{"id":8630,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":659,"end_offset":671},{"id":8631,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":673,"end_offset":690},{"id":8632,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":695,"end_offset":716},{"id":8633,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":718,"end_offset":739}],"relations":[{"id":3818,"from_id":8620,"to_id":8622,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3819,"from_id":8625,"to_id":8626,"type":"has_complication_R"},{"id":3817,"from_id":8620,"to_id":8621,"type":"affects_R"},{"id":3820,"from_id":8627,"to_id":8628,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3821,"from_id":8627,"to_id":8630,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3822,"from_id":8627,"to_id":8631,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3823,"from_id":8627,"to_id":8632,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3824,"from_id":8627,"to_id":8633,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":506,"text":"#Symptoms - Benign Essential Blepharospasm - 8A02.00\nBenign essential blepharospasm may have following symptoms:- Symptoms preceding diagnosis are:- Watering of eyes. Intolerance of light. Vague ocular pain. Early symptoms of blepharospasm are:- Increased rate of blinking. Eyelid spasms. Irritation of eyes. Midfacial or lower facial spasm. Brow spasm. Eyelid Tic (habitual spasmodic muscular contraction).","entities":[{"id":8634,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":42},{"id":8635,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":53,"end_offset":83},{"id":8637,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":167,"end_offset":187},{"id":8638,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":189,"end_offset":206},{"id":8640,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":274,"end_offset":287},{"id":8643,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":309,"end_offset":340},{"id":8636,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":149,"end_offset":165},{"id":8639,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":246,"end_offset":272},{"id":8642,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":289,"end_offset":307},{"id":8644,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":342,"end_offset":352},{"id":8645,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":354,"end_offset":406}],"relations":[{"id":3826,"from_id":8634,"to_id":8637,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3827,"from_id":8634,"to_id":8638,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3828,"from_id":8634,"to_id":8639,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3829,"from_id":8634,"to_id":8640,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3830,"from_id":8634,"to_id":8642,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3831,"from_id":8634,"to_id":8643,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3832,"from_id":8634,"to_id":8644,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3825,"from_id":8635,"to_id":8636,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":3833,"from_id":8634,"to_id":8645,"type":"has_symptom_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":507,"text":"#Risk Factors - Benign Essential Blepharospasm - 8A02.00\nVariable risk factors are there for blepharospasm such as:- Injury to head or face. Reflex blepharospasm may be triggered by filamentary keratitis, intraocular inflammation, severely dry eyes, blepharitis, or light sensitivity. Stress. Family history of dystonia or tremor.","entities":[{"id":8609,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":16,"end_offset":46},{"id":8616,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":182,"end_offset":283},{"id":8618,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":293,"end_offset":328},{"id":8610,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":93,"end_offset":106},{"id":8611,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":117,"end_offset":139},{"id":8617,"label":"Riskfactor_E","start_offset":285,"end_offset":291}],"relations":[{"id":3813,"from_id":8610,"to_id":8611,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3814,"from_id":8609,"to_id":8616,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3816,"from_id":8609,"to_id":8618,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"},{"id":3815,"from_id":8609,"to_id":8617,"type":"has_risk_factor_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":508,"text":"#Treatment - Benign Essential Blepharospasm - 8A02.00\nManagement should be under medical supervision. Currently, there is no cure for BEB and the disease frequently progresses despite treatment. Medical therapy: Botulinum A toxin: Subcutaneous Botulinum A toxin injected along upper and lower eyelid and eyebrow gives temporary relief. The toxin interferes with transmitter acetylcholine release from nerve terminals and cause paralysis of injected muscle. Botulinum A toxin is derived from anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria named Clostridium botulinum. Surgical management: Surgical management of BEB is usually reserved for patients who are unresponsive or cannot tolerate to botulinum injections. Surgery can be: Myectomy: Myectomy involves removal of protractor orbicularis oculi muscle. Extended myectomy: Extended myectomy involves removal of protractor orbicularis oculi, procerus and corrugator supercilliaris muscles. Blepharospasm may be associated with the use of medications such as:- Benzodiazepines: Prolonged use or acute withdrawal of benzodiazepines. Dopaminergic drugs: Use of dopaminergic drugs e.g. in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Antihistaminics: Use of antihistaminics as in nasal decongestants. Sympathomimetic drugs.","entities":[{"id":8668,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":811,"end_offset":828},{"id":8677,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":892,"end_offset":925},{"id":8679,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":927,"end_offset":940},{"id":8680,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":997,"end_offset":1012},{"id":8682,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1068,"end_offset":1086},{"id":8684,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1095,"end_offset":1113},{"id":8685,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":1136,"end_offset":1155},{"id":8687,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1157,"end_offset":1172},{"id":8688,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1181,"end_offset":1196},{"id":8690,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":1203,"end_offset":1222},{"id":8692,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1224,"end_offset":1245},{"id":8648,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":43},{"id":8655,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":304,"end_offset":311},{"id":8657,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":457,"end_offset":474},{"id":8658,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":491,"end_offset":500},{"id":8661,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":575,"end_offset":594},{"id":8662,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":598,"end_offset":601},{"id":8650,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":134,"end_offset":137},{"id":8651,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":195,"end_offset":210},{"id":8652,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":212,"end_offset":229},{"id":8653,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":244,"end_offset":261},{"id":8654,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":293,"end_offset":299},{"id":8656,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":336,"end_offset":345},{"id":8659,"label":"Composition_E","start_offset":502,"end_offset":552},{"id":8660,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":554,"end_offset":573},{"id":8663,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":716,"end_offset":724},{"id":8664,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":726,"end_offset":734},{"id":8665,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":755,"end_offset":790},{"id":8666,"label":"Surgery_E","start_offset":792,"end_offset":809},{"id":8675,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":849,"end_offset":887},{"id":8681,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1051,"end_offset":1066}],"relations":[{"id":3836,"from_id":8657,"to_id":8658,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":3839,"from_id":8661,"to_id":8662,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3845,"from_id":8668,"to_id":8677,"type":"surgery_on_R"},{"id":3846,"from_id":8680,"to_id":8679,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3847,"from_id":8682,"to_id":8648,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3848,"from_id":8684,"to_id":8685,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3851,"from_id":8692,"to_id":8648,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3850,"from_id":8687,"to_id":8648,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3834,"from_id":8651,"to_id":8648,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3835,"from_id":8652,"to_id":8648,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":3837,"from_id":8657,"to_id":8659,"type":"made_with_R"},{"id":3838,"from_id":8660,"to_id":8648,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3840,"from_id":8663,"to_id":8648,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3841,"from_id":8664,"to_id":8665,"type":"surgery_on_R"},{"id":3842,"from_id":8666,"to_id":8648,"type":"surgery_for_R"},{"id":3844,"from_id":8668,"to_id":8675,"type":"surgery_on_R"}],"Comments":[]}

Annotated_Text/train/Bleeding_Gums-MD80.Y.jsonl

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+{"id":589,"text":"#Diagnosis - Bleeding Gums - MD80.Y\nIf your gums bleed regularly, go for a dental checkup to get examined for oral hygiene status. Examination by dentist should be done to rule out the issues such as malnutrition, puberty and pregnancy. Additional diagnostic tests to certain possible diseases may also be required. This includes test for diabetes mellitus, X-rays for teeth and jaw bones, blood tests etc.","entities":[{"id":9583,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":26},{"id":9587,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":369,"end_offset":375},{"id":9590,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":131,"end_offset":143},{"id":9584,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":44,"end_offset":49},{"id":9585,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":339,"end_offset":356},{"id":9586,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":358,"end_offset":364},{"id":9588,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":379,"end_offset":388},{"id":9589,"label":"Diagnosis_E","start_offset":390,"end_offset":401}],"relations":[{"id":4351,"from_id":9583,"to_id":9590,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4353,"from_id":9583,"to_id":9589,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"},{"id":4352,"from_id":9583,"to_id":9586,"type":"has_diagnosis_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":590,"text":"#Causes - Bleeding Gums - MD80.Y\nThere are many possible causes of bleeding from gums such as: Brushing too hard (forcefully), Using a hard toothbrush, Lack of cleaning between teeth (flossing) leading to food accumulation and plaque formation, Gingivitis, Periodontitis, Hormonal changes in during puberty and pregnancy. Some less common causes are: Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy), Vitamin K deficiency, Dengue fever.","entities":[{"id":9591,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":10,"end_offset":23},{"id":9593,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":95,"end_offset":125},{"id":9595,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":152,"end_offset":243},{"id":9597,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":257,"end_offset":270},{"id":9598,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":272,"end_offset":320},{"id":9600,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":382,"end_offset":402},{"id":9592,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":67,"end_offset":85},{"id":9594,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":127,"end_offset":150},{"id":9596,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":245,"end_offset":255},{"id":9599,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":351,"end_offset":380},{"id":9601,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":404,"end_offset":416}],"relations":[{"id":4356,"from_id":9592,"to_id":9595,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4359,"from_id":9592,"to_id":9598,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4360,"from_id":9591,"to_id":9599,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4361,"from_id":9591,"to_id":9600,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4354,"from_id":9592,"to_id":9593,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4355,"from_id":9592,"to_id":9594,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4357,"from_id":9592,"to_id":9596,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4358,"from_id":9592,"to_id":9597,"type":"caused_by_R"},{"id":4362,"from_id":9591,"to_id":9601,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":591,"text":"#Overview - Bleeding Gums - MD80.Y\nBleeding from gums may occur while brushing or sometimes it occurs on its own (spontaneously). If you often see a pink tinge in the sink after brushing teeth, you have bleeding gums. It may be a sign of inflammation of gums. Inflamed gums appear red and swollen while healthy gums are light pink in colour. Most common cause of bleeding gums is accumulation of plaque on the teeth. If this plaque is not removed by regular brushing and flossing between teeth, it hardens up and turn into tartar or calculus which cannot be cleaned by regular brushing. Calculus can only be removed by professional dental cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist. If not cleaned, over the time, it will lead to inflamed gums and increased bleeding from gums which is the main sign of gingivitis.","entities":[{"id":9602,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":12,"end_offset":25},{"id":9603,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":35,"end_offset":53},{"id":9604,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":203,"end_offset":216},{"id":9605,"label":"Symptom_E","start_offset":149,"end_offset":192},{"id":9606,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":238,"end_offset":251},{"id":9610,"label":"Cause_E","start_offset":380,"end_offset":415},{"id":9611,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":425,"end_offset":432},{"id":9607,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":254,"end_offset":258},{"id":9608,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":260,"end_offset":273},{"id":9609,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":363,"end_offset":376},{"id":9612,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":523,"end_offset":541},{"id":9613,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":587,"end_offset":596},{"id":9614,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":729,"end_offset":742}],"relations":[{"id":4363,"from_id":9604,"to_id":9605,"type":"has_symptom_R"},{"id":4364,"from_id":9606,"to_id":9607,"type":"influence_R"},{"id":4365,"from_id":9609,"to_id":9610,"type":"caused_by_R"}],"Comments":[]}
+{"id":592,"text":"#Treatment - Bleeding Gums - MD80.Y\nIf you don’t brush and floss properly and regularly, then do so: Brush your teeth twice a day and floss once a day. Use an extra-soft or soft-bristled toothbrush for brushing your teeth. Learn proper brushing technique and how to clean between your teeth from your dentist. Plaque forms very quickly and if it is not removed, inflammation of the gums start within few days, but good oral hygiene practices can help to remove it. Plaque harden to form tartar or calculus, further promoting bacterial growth. If tartar is present, get it removed by the dentist. The earlier it is detected, sooner it can be managed. Health conditions like diabetes are often associated with gum disease as well. Some medications such as antiseizure drugs or blood pressure drugs also affect your gums. The gums also are very sensitive to hormonal changes, that occur during puberty and pregnancy. It is important for pregnant women to see their dentist. Besides being part of prevention, oral hygiene is also important in the treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis.","entities":[{"id":9615,"label":"Disease_E","start_offset":13,"end_offset":26},{"id":9618,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":310,"end_offset":317},{"id":9626,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":673,"end_offset":682},{"id":9633,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":775,"end_offset":795},{"id":9638,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":813,"end_offset":817},{"id":9639,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":823,"end_offset":828},{"id":9616,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":101,"end_offset":150},{"id":9617,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":152,"end_offset":221},{"id":9619,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":362,"end_offset":375},{"id":9620,"label":"Anatomy_E","start_offset":382,"end_offset":387},{"id":9621,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":465,"end_offset":472},{"id":9624,"label":"Complication_E","start_offset":546,"end_offset":553},{"id":9632,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":754,"end_offset":771},{"id":9646,"label":"Medicine_E","start_offset":1005,"end_offset":1017}],"relations":[{"id":4373,"from_id":9616,"to_id":9615,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":4376,"from_id":9617,"to_id":9615,"type":"prescribed_for_R"},{"id":4380,"from_id":9646,"to_id":9615,"type":"prescribed_for_R"}],"Comments":[]}