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13,700 | Please write an abstract with title: On the selection of the dominant poles of a system to be retained in a low-order model, and key words: Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Equations, Reduced order systems, Power system modeling, Power system stability, Power system dynamics, Synchronous generators. Abstract: A criterion is presented for selecting the order of the reduced-order model of a given high-order system. The eigenvalues of the system are not restricted to be real only. |
13,701 | Please write an abstract with title: Regularized Flexible Activation Function Combination for Deep Neural Networks, and key words: Convolutional codes, Image coding, Time series analysis, Neural networks, Stability criteria, Predictive models, Pattern recognition. Abstract: Activation in deep neural networks is fundamental to achieving non-linear mappings. Traditional studies mainly focus on finding fixed activations for a particular set of learning tasks or model architectures. The research on flexible activation is quite limited in both designing philosophy and application scenarios. In this study, three principles of choosing flexible activation components are proposed and a general combined form of flexible activation functions is implemented. Based on this, a novel family of flexible activation functions that can replace sigmoid or tanh in LSTM cells are implemented, as well as a new family by combining ReLU and ELUs. Also, two new regularisation terms based on assumptions as prior knowledge are introduced. It has been shown that LSTM models with proposed flexible activations P-Sig- Ramp provide significant improvements in time series forecasting, while the proposed P-E2-ReLU achieves better and more stable performance on lossy image compression tasks with convolutional auto-encoders. In addition, the proposed regularization terms improve the convergence, performance and stability of the models with flexible activation functions. The code for this paper is available at https://github.com/9NXJRDDRQK/Flexible_Activation. |
13,702 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Remote Networking for Modular Data Centres, and key words: Data centers, Space debris, Low earth orbit satellites, Small satellites, Computer architecture, Big Data, Data communication. Abstract: Remote networking is required for accessing data from modular data centres that are sited where there is no terrestrial network access. The use of satellite networks for modular data centres (MDC) is suitable in this regard. MDCs benefit from using mega–constellation satellite networks. This also increases the application and relevance of small satellite mega–constellation networks. The use in this manner is accompanied with the benefit of reduced latency. A reduced latency is obtained compared to the case where geostationary communication satellites are used. However, the use of mega–constellations is subject to high risk of collisions because of high space junk in the low earth orbit (LEO). A hybrid architecture that infers the occurrence of collision in LEO to enhance MDC communications is proposed. The hybrid architecture enables the MDC to transit to the use of geostationary communication satellites for continued MDC communications. The proposed architecture enhances of successful MDC related data transmissions by at least 38.7% and up to 80.6% on average. |
13,703 | Please write an abstract with title: Load cell for structural monitoring based on a microbend self-referenced fiber optic intensity sensor, and key words: Optical fibers, Optical fiber sensors, Optical signal processing, Optical sensors, Laminates, Pressure measurement, Condition monitoring, Optical devices, Fluctuations, Costs. Abstract: This study develops microbend fiber optical sensor embedded in a composite laminate and demonstrates its capability of measuring applied pressure up to 750 kPa. The sensing configuration described in this work is a versatile structure for monitoring of static and dynamic physical parameters, requiring a small number of optical components and simple signal processing. Of significant importance is the concept of self-referencing which solves the problem of the referentiation of the optical power fluctuations along the optical system. The load cell shows interesting properties, namely the low cost of the microbend sensing head and the fiber optic based interrogation system. On top of that, the use of optical fibers overcomes some of the problems of conventional load cells, which are sensitive to a number of factors such as environment, durability of materials and presence of electromagnetic fields. Moreover, this sensing technology has also the potential to be integrated in multiplexed sensor networks. |
13,704 | Please write an abstract with title: Table Structure Recognition Based on Grid Shape Graph, and key words: Location awareness, Document image processing, Shape, Estimation, Information processing, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Since tables in documents provide important information in compact form, table understanding has been an essential topic in document image processing. Researchers represented table structures in various formats for table understanding, such as simple grid structure, a graph with text/cell boxes as nodes, or a sequence of HTML tokens. However, these approaches have difficulties in handling regularities, e.g., global row and column information, and spanning cells simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a new table recognition method based on a grid shape graph and present grid localization and grid elements grouping networks. This approach is designed to exploit the grid structure and deal with spanning cells. To convert grid structure into cell structure, we only have to test adjacent pairs of grid elements, enabling efficient inference. In addition, we have discovered that predicting row/column-based relationships between grid elements improve cell-based connectivity estimation performance. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments on three benchmark datasets. |
13,705 | Please write an abstract with title: A robust voice activity detector using an acoustic Doppler radar, and key words: Radar detection, Acoustic signal detection, Detectors, Doppler radar, Noise robustness, Acoustic sensors, Speech, Acoustic devices, Mouth, Frequency. Abstract: This paper describes a robust voice activity detector using an acoustic Doppler radar device. The sensor is used to detect the dynamic status of the speaker's mouth. At the frequencies of operation, background noises are largely attenuated, rendering the device robust to external acoustic noises in most operating conditions. Unlike the other non-acoustic sensors, the device need not be taped to the speaker, making it more acceptable in most situations. In this paper, various features computed from the sensor output are exploited for voice activity detection. The best set of features is selected based on robustness analysis. A support vector machine classifier is used to make the final speech/non-speech decision. Experimental results show that the proposed Doppler-based voice activity detector improves speech/non-speech classification accuracy over that obtained using speech alone. The most significant improvements happen in low signal-to-noise (SNR) environments. |
13,706 | Please write an abstract with title: RBA: Adaptive TCP Receive Buffer Sizing, and key words: Computers, Costing, Memory management, Estimation, Bandwidth, Throughput, Hardware. Abstract: With the rapid growth of hardware devices, a single host may have simultaneous connections that vary in network bandwidth and CPU processing capability as several orders of magnitude. State-of-art flow control mechanism, i.e., TCP auto-tuning, still needs to configure the maximum receive buffer, which cannot be applied to all connections in one host. In this paper, we reveal that improper receive buffer restrained by this configuration either (i) underutilizes the available network and CPU resources or (ii) occupies too much memory and then causes overall throughput collapse. To fully utilize resources with less memory occupancy, we present Receive Buffer Adaptive-regulating (RBA) algorithm, which regulates receive buffer according to the estimation of network bandwidth and receiver's processing capability. Testbed experiments show that RBA adapts to different scenarios and brings substantial performance improvement compared to TCP auto-tuning. |
13,707 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of extra low mass harmonic radar transponders, and key words: Resistance, Insects, Wires, Radar, Harmonic analysis, Radar tracking, Software. Abstract: The current lightest available harmonic radar tags, with mass of a few milligrams, can only be carried by relatively large insects. However, small insects such as weevils and mosquitos are unable to sustain available tags. The former extensively infest food, and the latter kills nearly three million people and infects another 200 million or more every year. Two methods for reducing the tag’s mass and struggles of using these methods are presented here, followed by a review of the solutions. Retaining tag efficiency must be considered in every approach so as not to lose the detecting range because of impedance mismatch between the dipole and attached diode. These approaches include using a thinner wire and a short non-resonant dipole. The simulation was performed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. Consequently, a wire tag lighter than 200-300 μg is expected, which has low mass for tracking smaller insects. |
13,708 | Please write an abstract with title: Robotic Harvesting of Asparagus using Machine Learning and Time-of-Flight Imaging – Overview of Development and Field Trials, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, End effectors, Cameras, Machine vision, Agriculture. Abstract: Asparagus is a problematic crop because it grows so quickly that it requires harvesting every one or two days. Asparagus farms require typically 8 workers per hectare for harvesting during peak season. The subsequent labor issues this causes, means it is an ideal crop for robotic harvesting. Several prototype robotic machines have been trialed with limited success. This work investigates the combination of Machine Learning and Time-of-Flight cameras to locate the cutting point of the asparagus spear when travelling at a constant speed of 0. 33m/s. A `proof of concept' machine was developed to validate the detection system and demonstrate harvesting with a rudimentary robotic arm and end effector. Field trials showed the arm harvested 92.3- of the targeted spears. However, it was found that multiple arms will be required to be commercially viable. |
13,709 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Multi-Cell NOMA Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, NOMA, Upper bound, Transforms, Throughput, Relaxation methods, Optimization. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel framework of resource allocation in intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided multi-cell non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks, where a sum-rate maximization problem is formulated. To address this challenging mixed-integer non-linear problem, we decompose it into an optimization problem (P1) with continuous variables and a matching problem (P2) with integer variables. For the nonconvex optimization problem (P1), iterative algorithms are proposed for allocating transmit power, designing reflection matrix, and determining decoding order by invoking relaxation methods such as convex upper bound substitution, successive convex approximation and semidefinite relaxation. For the combinational problem (P2), swap matching-based algorithms are proposed to achieve a two-sided exchange-stable state among users, BSs and sub-channels. Numerical results are provided for demonstrating that the sum-rate of the NOMA networks is capable of being enhanced with the aid of the IRS. |
13,710 | Please write an abstract with title: Gain Scheduling Control Design for Active Front End for Power-Hardware-in-The-Loop Application: An LMI Approach, and key words: Voltage control, Topology, Inverters, Power amplifiers, Regulators, Real-time systems, Frequency control. Abstract: The paper proposes a control design approach for the three-phase grid-side converter of a power amplifier inverter for Power-Hardware-In-the-Loop application. The main challenge for the controller design is to achieve a trade-off between the tight DC link voltage regulation and grid-side power quality objectives due to the established topology of the power amplifier and the associated ripple of the DC link voltage. To this end, a full-state feedback controller with a gain scheduling strategy is adopted to ensure fast control of the DC link voltage, while minimizing the negative impact of DC link voltage ripple on the AC output current. We formulate the problem of gain selection as a two-stage semidefinite programming problem, which allows using efficient convex program solvers. We also describe a bumpless transfer strategy to minimize any transients associated with control output discontinuities following gain transition. The paper demonstrates comprehensive validation of the designed controller, including offline simulations, Control-Hardware-In-the-Loop tests with an embedded controller, as well as experimental validation on a 2-kV 167-kVA module. |
13,711 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Proportional Resonant Controller for Current Harmonics Reduction and Power Ripples Mitigation of Self-Synchronized Grid-tied PV System Under Distorted Grid Voltages, and key words: Maximum power point trackers, Photovoltaic systems, Intellectual property, Power system harmonics, Harmonic analysis, Real-time systems, Harmonic distortion. Abstract: This paper presents a phase-locked loop less (PLL-less) control scheme (PLCS) with an improved proportional resonant (IPR) controller for a grid-tied solar photovoltaic system (GTPVS). The proposed control scheme operates in a self-synchronized mode without the need of a PLL block. This reduces the computational burden on the controller and eliminates the delay due to the PLL block. In addition, it also improves the dynamic performance of the GTPVS under grid frequency deviations. The improved proportional resonant (IPR) controller reduces grid current harmonics under distorted grid voltages. Further, this control scheme is utilized to eliminate the active and reactive power ripples during grid fault or sag conditions. In order to extract the maximum power from photovoltaic (PV) array, a variable step-size incremental conductance (VSS-INC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is implemented. Real-time experiments are carried out using OPAL-RT real-time simulator to verify the effectiveness of the proposed PLCS compare to the conventional PLL-based control scheme (PBCS). |
13,712 | Please write an abstract with title: Per-hop based scheduling for delay bounded search in Gnutella-like networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Peer to peer computing, Queueing analysis, Scalability, Propagation delay, Loss measurement, Floods, Scheduling, Analytical models, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: Gnutella-like P2P networks typically adopt flooding-based search techniques to locate files. However, due to flooding's poor scalability, research efforts have been made to solve this problem. The search response time, which is another important user-perceivable parameter, has received little attention. In this work, we investigate the performance of a novel search algorithm for the overlay networks with bounded search delay in Gnutella-like networks. In our algorithm, a mechanism is introduced to calculate the per-hop delay consisting of two parts: the message queuing delay and the per-hop propagation delay. We also use packet-level simulations to undertake a measurement study to characterize the message loss behavior and the success rate in a Gnutella network under different traffic and topology scenarios, And we also give an analysis and comparison of several queuing policies including fair-queuing and priority queuing. |
13,713 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital Photo Frame System Based on Hashing Image Retrieval in Smart Home, and key words: Smart homes, Feature extraction, Training, Machine learning, Error correction codes, Multimedia systems, Error correction. Abstract: With the emergence of massive multimedia data, how to securely and effectively manage them in smart homes has become a crucial task. Although the digital photo frame can satisfy the display function, the current digital photo frame system cannot provide users with personalized services. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a digital photo frame system with online hashing image retrieval. The system is mainly divided into two parts: First, we leverage the image retrieval based on online hashing to manage photos. When a user selects a photo, we retrieve it and return the similar photos with background music based on the photo semantic information. Then, in order to enhance system security, we build the privacy mode, so that users can manage the data in security. At the end, we build a dataset for smart homes, and implement a multifunctional secure digital photo frame system. |
13,714 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrating activity-based costing, target costing, and value engineering for supply chain improvement, and key words: Costing, Supply chains, Supply chain management, Financial management, Cost function, Engineering management, Control systems, Cost accounting, Inventory management, Manufacturing. Abstract: This article reviews the use of activity-based costing, target costing, and value engineering in supply chain management and proposes a managerial framework for integrating their use so as to achieve superior improvement in supply chain performance. |
13,715 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust dynamic modeling and control of dual-stage actuators, and key words: Robust control, Uncertainty, Algorithm design and analysis, Servosystems, Servomechanisms, Hard disks, Pneumatic actuators, Coils, Micromotors, Servomotors. Abstract: In a hard disk drive with a dual-stage actuator the standard rotary actuation of the voice coil motor (VCM) is combined with an additional micro- or milli-actuation to accomplish high-bandwidth and highly accurate track following. For extremely high density recording, the servo control algorithm designed for a specific dual-stage actuator needs to maintain high performance track following in lieu of external disturbances and uncertainties in the dynamic response induced by product manufacturing tolerances. Essential in the robust design of a servo control algorithm is to bound these uncertainties and design a robust track following servos accordingly. In this paper, we present an experiment based methodology to characterize and bound the uncertainties in the dynamic response of a dual-stage actuator in the form of an uncertainty model. Subsequently, the uncertainty model is used for the analysis and synthesis of a robust dual-stage servo controller that is able to optimize position error variance in the presence of uncertainty information. |
13,716 | Please write an abstract with title: Earl McCune [n Memoriam], and key words: Obituaries, McCune, Earl. Abstract: Recounts the career and contributions of Earl McCune. |
13,717 | Please write an abstract with title: Physical insight into fractional power dependence of saturation current on gate voltage in advanced short channel MOSFETs (alpha-power law model), and key words: Voltage, MOSFETs, Analytical models, Circuits, Delay estimation, Permission, Collaboration, Predictive models, Power dissipation, Delay effects. Abstract: The physical origin of the fractional power dependence of MOSFET drain current on gate voltage, namely the /spl alpha/-power law model that has been considered as a fully empirical model, is analytically investigated. For this purpose, we have developed a new physics-based analytical drain current model. Using this model, we prove that the saturation current can be simplified in the form of B/spl middot/(V/sub g/-V/sub TH/)/sup /spl alpha//, /spl alpha/-power law model. The physical interpretations of /spl alpha/, B, V/sub TH/ are elucidated, and their analytical expressions are given in terms of MOSFET parameters. Since the /spl alpha/-power model is compact and physics-based, it allows circuit designers to easily estimate the power dissipation and the gate delay time in a predictable manner. |
13,718 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of multiple MMSE subequalizers for faster-than-Nyquist-rate transmission, and key words: Phase change materials, Modems, Bandwidth, Pulse modulation, Finite impulse response filter, Quantization, IIR filters, Codecs, Downlink, Signal design. Abstract: We consider an equalization problem when the transmitted symbol rate is higher than the available channel bandwidth. This situation can happen in the uplink of the voiceband pulse-code modulation (PCM) modems whose transmit signal bandwidth is larger than the available channel bandwidth. Although the use of a minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) pre-equalizer is considered in the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)-T V.92 Recommendation, it may not provide an acceptable performance unless the channel condition is mild. As another approach to this problem, we consider the use of a bank of subequalizers, each of which compensates the part of the channel distortion, enabling the PCM-mode transmission over the channel where the V.92 scheme may fail. In this paper, a multiple subequalizer scheme is optimally designed in the MMSE sense, and its performance is compared with the MMSE pre-equalizer of V.92 in terms of the bit-rate-normalized signal-to-noise ratio. |
13,719 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel 3-Phase Symmetric/Asymmetric Reduced Device Count Multilevel Inverter for Electric Drive Applications, and key words: Industries, Simulation, Power distribution, Voltage, Power system harmonics, Multilevel inverters, Mathematical models. Abstract: Due to the increasing demand of the electrical power in the industries, research and power distribution and transmission now day the multi -level inverter created a wave in industry and research as well as in power system. A multilevel inverter (MLI) is used to convert multiple lower level dc voltage into the desired level of alternating voltage. Multilevel inverter content large numbers of power electronics devices or switches which generate harmonics in output voltage as well as in current. This paper presents a complete model of advancement of MLIs with reduced device count by using the POD-PWM, APOD-PWM. This work presents a MATLAB/Simulink based model of fifteen level MLIs, with reduced switches and reduction in the THD of output voltage and current with its application. With help of simulation results, this work verifies that the proposed method has a significant effect on reduction of devices as well as in THD. |
13,720 | Please write an abstract with title: High temperature SiC trench gate p-IGBTs, and key words: Silicon compounds, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Contact resistance, Charge carrier processes, Charge carrier mobility, Annealing, Power transistors. Abstract: Various design issues pertaining to SiC-based IGBTs are described. A trench gate, p-channel IGBT was considered the most appropriate structure for fabrication in SiC. The fabrication and characterization of high temperature SiC IGBTs with high current levels are presented. Using optimized emitter processing, 6H-SiC p-IGBTs show a higher current capability than 4H-SiC p-IGBTs because of their lower emitter contact resistance and higher MOS channel mobility. Since IGBTs rely on minority carrier injection, the low bulk mobility parallel to the c-axis in 6H-SiC was not found to severely affect the current carrying capability as compared with 4H-SiC IGBTs in the present design. Measured results of these devices are described from room temperature to the 350-400/spl deg/C temperature range. For both polytypes, the current capability was found to be much larger when their MOS gates were fabricated in the 112~0 crystal direction compared with the 1100 crystal direction. The emitter (p-type) contact anneal was also found to significantly affect the performance of SiC IGBTs. 4H-SiC IGBTs showed a -85 V blocking capability (room temperature) and on-current of 100 mA at 350/spl deg/C. 6H-SiC IGBTs were demonstrated with -400 V blocking capability (at 25/spl deg/C) and 2 A at 400/spl deg/C. |
13,721 | Please write an abstract with title: Resistance of the Montgomery kP Algorithm against Simple SCA: Theory and Practice, and key words: Clocks, Registers, Elliptic curves, Resistance, Galois fields, Electromagnetics, Elliptic curve cryptography. Abstract: The Montgomery kP algorithm is reported in literature as resistant against simple SCA due to the fact that the processing of each key bit value of the scalar k is done using the same sequence of operations. We implemented the Montgomery kP algorithm using Lopez-Dahab projective coordinates for the NIST elliptic curve B-233. We instantiated the same VHDL code for wide range of clock frequencies for the same target FPGA and using the same compiler options. We measured electromagnetic traces of the kP executions using the same input data, i.e. scalar k and elliptic curve point P, and measurement setup. Our experiments clearly show that the success of simple electromagnetic analysis depends on the target frequency for which the design was implemented and at which it is executed significantly. In our experiments the used scalar k was successfully revealed via simple visual inspection of the trace for frequencies from 40 MHz to 100 MHz for standard compile options as well as from 50 MHz up to 240 MHz for performance optimizing compile options. |
13,722 | Please write an abstract with title: An approach to speaker normalization in an automatic speech recognition system, and key words: Automatic speech recognition, Testing, Speech recognition, Frequency, Spectral shape. Abstract: An automatic speech recognition system based on the reference set of a single speaker can be extended for use by several speakers by applying appropriate preprocessing transformations. These transformations adapt the incoming patterns of a new speaker to the patterns of the reference set. Under the present restriction to vowel spectra adaptation methods by spectral amplitude weighting and by spectral shifting are investigated. By a special method it was enabled to adapt test spectra class specifically. |
13,723 | Please write an abstract with title: Some Aspects of the Design of Wide-Band Up-Converters and Nondegenerate Parametric Amplifiers, and key words: Broadband amplifiers, Frequency, Diodes, Resonance, Bandwidth, Microwave filters, Band pass filters, Iris, Circuits, Laboratories. Abstract: Proper design of the diode-resonating circuit is seen to be extremely important if large bandwidth is desired in a varactor-diode parametric amplifier. Cases where there is one resonance of the diode-resonating circuit at a frequency between the frequencies of the signal-input and the sideband resonances are examined in some detail. It is shown that the frequency of this intermediate resonance can greatly influence the bandwidth capabilities of an amplifier design, and the optimum frequency for such a resonance is given for upper-sideband up-converters. The optimum frequency of such a resonance is greatly different if the diode is resonated in series than it is if the diode is resonated in shunt. It is believed that the same results would also apply for lower-sideband up-converters and nondegenerate parametric amplifiers. Some upper-sideband up-converter designs were worked out and their computed responses are given including the effects of all of the parasitic elements of the diode. Bandwidths of the order of an octave are obtained. A systematic sign procedure is given for wide-band nondegenerate parametric amplifiers which use the diode parasitic resistance as the idler termination. Some designs of this type were also worked out and their computed responses (includlng effects of all diode parasitic parameters) are presented. Bandwidths as large as 33 per cent are obtained depending on the peak gain and operating frequency range. |
13,724 | Please write an abstract with title: On feedback passivation under sampling, and key words: Digital control, Damping, Control design, Passivation, Gravity. Abstract: In this paper we show that feedback passivation under sampling can be preserved under digital control through the redefinition of a passifying output map which depends on the sampling period. The design is constructive and approximate solutions make sense. The procedure is applied to port Hamiltonian dynamics and Interconnection and Damping Assignment feedback. Performances are illustrated over the gravity pendulum example. |
13,725 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrostatic radiator for satellite temperature control, and key words: Electrostatics, Satellites, Temperature control, Space vehicles, Testing, Space technology, Paramagnetic resonance, Thermal variables control, Electric variables control, Thermal conductivity. Abstract: An objective for advanced satellites and spacecraft is to continually reduce both their size and mass. This reduction can place severe constraints on the thermal control systems. In addition, mission requirements also may dictate the need to alter the spacecraft energy profile during the course of the mission. To facilitate these advances, significant research has been conducted to develop variable emittance coatings and devices to provide active spacecraft thermal control. Several of these technologies have matured to a level where space based testing is feasible and will be performed as part of the ST5 new millennium spacecraft mission. One of these technologies utilizes electrostatic hold-down of a high emissivity composite film to actively control spacecraft skin temperature. This electrostatic radiator (ESR) device functions as a thermal switch and changes the mode of heat transfer between the spacecraft skin and the radiator film from conduction to radiation. This device has demonstrated large changes in effective emissivity in laboratory cold thermal vacuum testing. In this paper, the theory of operation of the ESR and the construction of the device as configured for demonstration on the ST5 mission is presented. The role of the ST5 mission in the maturation process for VEC technologies is discussed. This paper also describes test results for the ESR through flight qualification testing for the ST5 mission. Finally, anticipated operational characteristics and mission reliability estimates are provided. |
13,726 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of Hourly Global Solar Radiation Using Deep Learning Algorithms, and key words: Predictive models, Autoregressive processes, Deep learning, Data models, Training, Forecasting, Testing. Abstract: Lately, the environmental impacts of fossil energy have forced many countries to begin advocating for renewable energy sources (RES). Solar energy is one of the RES that has gained worldwide acceptability because it is cheap and available. However, solar power is characteristically unpredictable. Accurate prediction of global solar radiation (GSR) continues to be a great need both in the field of physical simulations and artificial intelligence. Both statistical and machine learning methods have proved to be very useful, but researchers are still working on algorithms that can give the least possible error. In this paper, four deep learning algorithms were used to successfully to estimate GSR. Historical meteorological data for Johannesburg city were used as the dataset. The dataset was split into training and testing data. Results obtained showed that Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) with nRMSE value of 1.62% performed better than the other models. Other models used were convolutional neural network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), and a hybrid of CNN and LSTM known as CNN-LSTM network. Real-time implementation of these results to solar plant operations in South Africa could go long to generate a stable electric power for the smart grid. |
13,727 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Inter Prediction via Reference Frame Interpolation for Blurry Video Coding, and key words: Interpolation, Image coding, Visual communication, Databases, Redundancy, Cameras, Software. Abstract: In High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), inter prediction is an important module for removing temporal redundancy. The accuracy of inter prediction is much affected by the similarity between the current and reference frames. However, for blurry videos, the performance of inter coding will be degraded by varying motion blur, which is derived from camera shake or the acceleration of objects in the scene. To address this problem, we propose to synthesize additional reference frame via the frame interpolation network. The synthesized reference frame is added into reference picture lists to supply more credible reference candidate, and the searching mechanism for motion candidates is changed accordingly. In addition, to make our interpolation network more robust to various inputs with different compression artifacts, we establish a new blurry video database to train our network. With the well-trained frame interpolation network, compared with the reference software HM-16.9, the proposed method achieves on average 1.55% BD-rate reduction under random access (RA) configuration for blurry videos, and also obtains on average 0.75% BD-rate reduction for common test sequences. |
13,728 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal charging and speed control of electric buses based on traffic flow predictions, and key words: Upper bound, Roads, Simulation, Velocity control, Optimal control, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: This paper deals with electric and autonomous buses that have to follow a given route in extra-urban roads, with a given timetable for reaching the stops. All the stops are provided with a charging infrastructure allowing to charge the batteries when buses are present at stops. We propose a real-time control algorithm which computes the optimal speed of buses along the route and the charging times at stops. Since the trajectories of buses are affected by the traffic conditions, the proposed control algorithm is based on a prediction module in which a traffic model is run periodically to predict the traffic state in the road network. Thanks to this model, the average speed of the traffic flow in the different road sections is predicted and used as upper bound of the bus speed. The proposed control algorithm is based on the solution of an optimal control problem in which the cost function jointly minimizes the deviations of the stopping times from those defined in the timetable and the deviations of the final energy of the bus batteries from a desired value. Simulation results based on a real case show the trade-off between these objectives. |
13,729 | Please write an abstract with title: Stored Grain Pests Monitoring System Based on Raspberry Pi, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Information science, Streaming media, Inspection, Real-time systems, Sensor systems. Abstract: In order to solve the problem of pests in stored grain and try to reduce the loss rate of grain storage, a stored grain pests monitoring system is proposed in this paper. This system is based on Raspberry Pi, can monitor the situation in the grain pile in real-time. It uses sensors to monitor the temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration in the granary, use cameras to capture the pests in the grain pile, and take photo of the pests. Users can view sensors' data through Web or App and receive warning information from the system to achieve the purpose of real-time monitoring and warning. This design has good practical value and development prospect. |
13,730 | Please write an abstract with title: Calculation of the Dielectric Permittivity of Phase-Inhomogeneous Powder Compositions, and key words: Electrodynamics, Powders, Permittivity measurement, Predictive models, Nonhomogeneous media, Dielectrics, Frequency measurement. Abstract: The paper presents a mathematical model for calculating the dielectric permittivity of a two-component mixture of powder materials. Measurements of electrodynamic parameters of powder materials are described and experimental and calculated frequency dependences are given. Comparison of calculated and experimental values for a two-component mixture with different volumetric concentration ratios is performed. |
13,731 | Please write an abstract with title: Property Fraud Detection And Prevention Using Blockchain, and key words: Costs, Online banking, Bitcoin, Depression, Computer crashes, Blockchains, Digital signatures. Abstract: Blockchain is a trending topic to explore after the popularity of Bitcoin. Bitcoin can be defined as a digital currency, mainly developed to speed up transactions and to reduce third-party control over any transaction. Blockchain is the underlying technology that is responsible for maintaining the bitcoin transaction ledger. It can be defined as a chain of blocks such that each block holds some information. The information stored is dependent on the type of blockchain and can be referred to as a digital signature. The digital signature of the next block is based on the digital signature of the current block and the digital signature of the next block is based on the previous block signature. Blockchain is a fast-evolving technology that is eventually replacing the current transaction management system. The problems that are being faced by the current transaction system such as the transaction costs, crisis and crashes due to depression and fractional reserve banking, blockchain helps to solve these issues. Blockchain is not limited to the transaction system and can be used in other fields also. The property fraudulent cases are becoming very common these days, the reason being centralized control and no public access to data and absence of a system to cross-check the property for which transaction is being made. In this paper, we focus to discuss on issues like centralized control, how the blockchain technology will benefit and help to overcome the issues in any kind of property fraud cases and what are the major challenges to this technology implementation. |
13,732 | Please write an abstract with title: Compact Multi-Frequency Sub-THz Notch Filters with Rejection within and above the Pass Band, and key words: Heating systems, Magnetic separation, Magnetic confinement, Magnetic resonance, Plasmas, Notch filters, Cyclotrons. Abstract: Sensitive sub-THz diagnostic systems for magnetically confined fusion plasmas need protection from stray radiation produced by high-power Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) systems which operate in one or more narrow-band frequency lines. These frequencies can be within and sometimes also above the frequency band of the diagnostic system. Notch filters are key components to provide this protection. |
13,733 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Deterministic Conditional Sampling of Multivariate Gaussian Densities, and key words: Gaussian distribution, Minimization, Libraries, Real-time systems, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Time measurement, Covariance matrices. Abstract: We propose a fast method for deterministic multi-variate Gaussian sampling. In many application scenarios, the commonly used stochastic Gaussian sampling could simply be replaced by our method – yielding comparable results with a much smaller number of samples. Conformity between the reference Gaussian density function and the distribution of samples is established by minimizing a distance measure between Gaussian density and Dirac mixture density. A modified Cramér-von Mises distance of the Localized Cumulative Distributions (LCDs) of the two densities is employed that allows a direct comparison between continuous and discrete densities in higher dimensions. Because numerical minimization of this distance measure is not feasible under real time constraints, we propose to build a library that maintains sample locations from the standard normal distribution as a template for each number of samples in each dimension. During run time, the requested sample set is re-scaled according to the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix, rotated according to the eigenvectors, and translated according to the mean vector, thus adequately representing arbitrary multivariate normal distributions. |
13,734 | Please write an abstract with title: The software engineering body of knowledge for professional engineering in Canada, and key words: Software engineering, Knowledge engineering, Licenses, Qualifications, Mathematics, Data structures, Software algorithms, Programming, Process design, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: In response to the need to define the academic requirements for licensing professional engineers in Canada, the Canadian Engineering Qualifications Board formed a committee whose mandate was to define the core and supplemental bodies of knowledge for software engineering. Some of the issues and the outcome of the software engineering committee's deliberations are presented in this paper. After examining a number of inputs including national and provincial examination syllabi and curricula of accredited software engineering programs in Canada, a number of core topic areas were defined. These are: discrete mathematics, data structures and algorithms, software development (includes software engineering process, requirements design, construction, testing, maintenance, and configuration management), system reliability and safety, digital systems, computer architecture, operating systems, file and database, and systems and control. these topics generally match well with the existing examination syllabi and curricula. the supplemental areas are less well-defined and include depth in core subjects, depth in areas of specialization, and breadth in application domains. |
13,735 | Please write an abstract with title: Repetitive-based control for selective harmonic compensation in active power filters, and key words: Power system harmonics, Power harmonic filters, Active filters, Harmonic distortion, Distortion measurement, Current measurement, Performance evaluation, Digital filters, Current control, Frequency. Abstract: This paper proposes a repetitive-based controller for active power filters, which compensates selected current harmonics produced by distorting loads. The approach is based on the measurement of line currents and performs the compensation of selected harmonics using a closed-loop repetitive-based control scheme based on a finite-impulse response digital filter. Compared to conventional solutions based on stationary-frame current control, this approach allows full compensation of selected frequencies, even if the active filter has limited bandwidth. Compared to synchronous-frame harmonic regulations on line currents, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is independent of the number of compensated harmonics. Moreover, it is more appropriate for digital signal processor implementation and less sensitive to rounding and quantization errors when finite word length or fixed-point implementation is considered. Experimental results on a 5-kVA prototype confirm the theoretical expectations. |
13,736 | Please write an abstract with title: Informative wavelet algorithm in diesel engine diagnosis, and key words: Diesel engines, Feature extraction, Internal combustion engines, Wavelet analysis, Signal analysis, Pattern recognition, Frequency, Fault diagnosis, Discrete wavelet transforms, Information analysis. Abstract: The informative wavelet methodology is applied for feature extraction and fault classification in a single-cylinder internal combustion engine. The extremely noisy, time-variant and transient vibration signals make wavelets highly suitable for the analysis of such signals in diagnosis applications and can be used to obtain dynamic information about the machine conditions. |
13,737 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed sensor networks for detection of mobile radioactive sources, and key words: Laboratories, Telephony, Portals, Radioactive materials, Packaging, National security, Scintillation counters, Solid scintillation detectors, Helium, Inductors. Abstract: The ability to track illicit radioactive transport through an urban environment has obvious national security applications. This goal may be achieved by means of individual portal monitors, or by a network of distributed sensors. We have examined the distributed sensing problem by modeling a network of scintillation detectors measuring a Cesium-137 source. We examine signal-to-noise behaviors that arise in the simple combination of data from networked radiation sensors. We find that, in the ideal case, large increases in signal-to-noise compared to an individual detector can be achieved, even for a moving source. We also discuss statistical techniques for localizing and tracking single and multiple radioactive sources. |
13,738 | Please write an abstract with title: Platform Modifications Towards an Autonomous Multi-Passenger Golf Cart, and key words: Torque, Vehicles, Induction motors, Wires, Wheels, Automobiles, Safety. Abstract: This paper presents the transformation of a 14- seater multi- passenger golf cart to an autonomous level 3 vehicle by the Autotronics Research Lab team in Ain Shams University. The developed vehicle is to be used in closed environments such as campuses, resorts and clubs. Through this paper, we will discuss the mechanical and electrical modifications as well as the sensor suite of the car. In addition, the used algorithms in perception, localization and mapping, and the safety approaches taken in case of emergency for the passenger safety are discussed. |
13,739 | Please write an abstract with title: Complete Video-Level Representations for Action Recognition, and key words: Videos, Three-dimensional displays, Feature extraction, Activity recognition, Convolution, Two dimensional displays, Task analysis. Abstract: In most of the existing work for activity recognition, 3D ConvNets show promising performance for learning spatiotemporal features of videos. However, most methods sample fixed-length frames from the original video, which are cropped to a fixed size and fed into the model for training. In this manner, two problems limit the model performance for recognition. First, the cropped video clips are incomplete or even distorted in appearance, resulting in a large gap between the feature representation and semantics of human activity. Second, the useful features of longer video frame sequences are weakened by the repeated stacking of 3D convolution over deep networks due to the limitations of GPU memory and computing ability. This article proposes a method based on a 3D backbone network for multi scale spatial feature representation, which uses a pyramid pooling layer to allow the input of video frames at different scales, and then aggregates short-term spatial–temporal features into a long-term video-level representation. Objection detection is used as a component of model testing to explore the improvement of activity recognition considering the large amount of space–time redundancy in real life videos. An experiment is performed on the principal video dataset, UCF101, and the proposed method presents a competitive performance. |
13,740 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a Transmission-Type Polarization-Insensitive and Angularly Stable Polarization Rotator by Using Characteristic Modes Theory, and key words: Polarization, Power system measurements, Metasurfaces, Density measurement, Delays, Wireless communication, Three-dimensional displays. Abstract: A novel design strategy for realizing a transmission-type polarization rotator of linearly polarized (LP) plane waves by exploiting the characteristic modes (CMs) theory is described. Design guidelines for the excitation of two current modes on a frequency selective surface (FSS), both exhibiting a circularly polarized (CP) radiated field, are provided to obtain the polarization rotation. The proposed converter exhibits remarkable performance also in the case of oblique incidence and a polarization-insensitive response thanks to the FSS unit cell compactness along with its fourfold rotational symmetry. Specifically, it provides a 3 dB cross-polar transmission percentage bandwidth up to 16.5% with a minimum insertion loss (IL) of 0.1 dB for a normally impinging plane wave whereas in case of an incidence angle of 60° the 3 dB cross-polar transmission percentage bandwidth turns out to be around 14% with a minimum IL of 0.7 dB. Measurements on a realized prototype are in good agreement with simulations, confirming the reliability of the proposed theoretical study. |
13,741 | Please write an abstract with title: Sequential Attacker–Defender Game on Complex Networks Considering the Cascading Failure Process, and key words: Games, Power system protection, Power system faults, Load modeling, Complex networks, Security, Robustness. Abstract: Cascading failure is a ubiquitous phenomenon that can paralyze networked systems in a short time. Many traditional studies of cascading failures have been conducted from the perspective of either an attacker or a defender. In reality, however, malicious attacks on networks are rarely a one-sided process. Instead, both the attacker and defender are actively involved. We use game theory to study the strategies of both sides in terms of an attacker–defender game on complex networks. Based on the concept of the Stackelberg competition, we propose a multiround attacker–defender game model on complex networks, allowing high flexibility in the available actions for both sides in the game. The model we propose allows the two sides to specify certain parameters of the network to attack/defend and further allocate a certain amount of resources for the attack/defense. Such flexibility allows the model to capture the actions of the attackers and defenders more precisely and simulate the attack process in a more realistic manner. We propose an iterative search algorithm to search for desirable strategies with systematic experiments on various types of networks and associated parameters and in terms of different relative resource owned by the attacker and defender. |
13,742 | Please write an abstract with title: SafeGuard: Reducing the Security Risk from Row-Hammer via Low-Cost Integrity Protection, and key words: Computational modeling, System performance, Random access memory, Computer architecture, Error correction codes, Security, Reliability. Abstract: Row-Hammer (RH) is a DRAM data-disturbance failure that occurs when a row is activated frequently, which causes bit-flips in nearby rows. Row-Hammer is a significant security threat as an attacker can exploit the bit-flips to do privilege escalation and leak confidential data. While several solutions aim to mitigate RH, such solutions depend on the RH threshold and adversarial access patterns. Solutions developed for a given threshold become ineffective for newer devices with lower thresholds, and new attack patterns continue to break existing mitigations. Currently, there is no guaranteed solution for RH, which means that the system remains vulnerable to security threats even in the presence of RH mitigation.In this paper, we contend that simply relying on RH mitigation is insufficient to provide security in the presence of reducing threshold and motivated attackers. We propose SafeGuard, which equips the system with low-cost integrity protection as a defense against potential attacks that break the RH mitigation. As SafeGuard can detect arbitrary failures, it converts the problem of RH bit-flips from a security threat (silent consumption of corrupted data) to a reliability concern (detectable uncorrectable errors caused by integrity violation). We develop SafeGuard for systems that employ ECC modules and show that SafeGuard can provide strong detection to both SECDED (46-bit MAC per cache-line) and Chipkill (32-bit MAC per cache-line) while retaining the correction capability of conventional designs. SafeGuard avoids incurring any storage overheads in DRAM by simply reorganizing the ECC code to operate at a cache-line granularity (64 bytes) instead of a word granularity (8 bytes). Our evaluations show that SafeGuard has a negligible impact on both the system performance (0.7%) and the system reliability due to naturally occurring errors while still providing a strong defense against the security risk of RH by detecting arbitrary bit-flips. |
13,743 | Please write an abstract with title: Synthesis and Design of Quasi-Canonical Planar Filters Comprising Cascaded Frequency-Variant Blocks, and key words: Couplings, Transmission line matrix methods, Topology, Prototypes, Microstrip, Frequency synthesizers, Microwave theory and techniques. Abstract: This article discusses the synthesis of a new class of cross-coupled blocks incorporating frequency-variant couplings, that is, the frequency-variant blocks (FVBs), and their planar implementations based on an analytical approach. The proposed FVBs require fewer coupling elements with regard to traditional blocks, while can realize a quasi-canonical characteristic (i.e., realizing k-1 transmission zeros for a block of kth order). Derivation of the FVBs relies on a uniform synthesis process, where each transformation is mathematically simplified as a non-reciprocal matrix. An Nth-order quasi-canonical filter (possessing either symmetric or asymmetric TZs) can thereafter be synthesized by properly cascading the FVBs. Moreover, a unique planar technique is introduced to construct the quasi-canonical filters (with TZs above passband) using parallel-coupled microstrips, where a complete design procedure from synthesis to circuit parameters will be given. Validity of this work is eventually demonstrated by three illustrative examples, whose synthesis, simulation, and test results perform desired responses and are well-matched with each other. |
13,744 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal nonlinear line-of-flight estimation in positron emission tomography, and key words: Positron emission tomography, Photonic crystals, Solid scintillation detectors, Cameras, Iterative algorithms, Single photon emission computed tomography, Feedforward systems, Neural networks, Optical arrays, Arithmetic. Abstract: The authors consider detection of high-energy photons in positron emission tomography using thick scintillation crystals. Parallax effect and multiple Compton interactions in such crystals significantly reduce the accuracy of conventional detection methods. In order to estimate the photon line of flight based on photomultiplier responses, the authors use asymptotically optimal nonlinear techniques, implemented by feedforward and radial basis function neural networks. Incorporation of information about angles of incidence of photons significantly improves accuracy of estimation. The proposed estimators are fast enough to perform detection, using conventional computers. Monte Carlo simulation results show that their approach significantly outperforms the conventional Anger algorithm. |
13,745 | Please write an abstract with title: Innovation and technology transfer: a framework for clustering intermediation roles, and key words: Technological innovation, Technology management, Databases, Technology transfer, Finance, Proposals, Surges. Abstract: Intermediation has become a key role in the complex realm of technology transfer projects. In innovation and technology transfer literature the number of mentions on intermediaries and their involvement in the process have expanded, which has triggered a surge in specific literature on the intermediation roles. Several authors have not only proposed new intermediation roles but also complemented and clarified previous ones. In this research, a review of the literature is made, focused on the role and involvement of intermediaries in innovation and technology transfer, covering more than thirty years and referring to four major databases. Following the analysis and discussion of the findings, the results are synthetized in a conceptual framework proposal, clustering thirteen key intermediation roles. Each of these role clusters describes a set of responsibilities, functions and main intermediation activities. Findings show that when it comes to intermediation roles, literature is yet too fragmented and scattered, with little to no connections between the proposed roles. The main contribution of this paper is to contribute to and to provide a comprehensive overview of otherwise scattered and disperse knowledge about the intermediation role. |
13,746 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of A Multi-Functional Soft Ankle Exoskeleton for Foot-Drop Prevention, Propulsion Assistance, and Inversion/Eversion Stabilization, and key words: Legged locomotion, Exoskeletons, Propulsion, Robots, DC motors, Stroke (medical condition), Connectors. Abstract: Stroke often results in hemiplegia, which greatly affects the walking ability of the patients. We propose a multi-functional portable ankle exoskeleton for use in preventing foot-drops, assisting propulsion, and stabilizing inversion/eversion during walking to help gait rehabilitation of stroke patients. The portable ankle exoskeleton was fabricated by 3D printing a soft/rigid hybrid structure. The device was able to prevent foot-drop and assist propulsion with a bi-directional cable-driven actuation system. It also showed a capability of stabilizing inversion/eversion motions using a counter-electromotive force of two small, lightweight gear motors. The device was controlled by a microcontroller based on real-time feedback from one inertial measurement unit and a customized force sensitive resistor. The device is fully untethered with all the components integrated on-board, with a total weight of less than 1 kg. Five healthy subjects performed over-ground walking tests with the proposed ankle exoskeleton for three different walking situations (normal walking, walking with simulated foot-drop, and walking on an uneven terrain) and three walking conditions (without the exoskeleton, with the exoskeleton powered off, and with the exoskeleton powered on). From the test results, we confirmed the feasibility of the proposed ankle exoskeleton for foot-drop prevention, propulsion assistance, and inversion/eversion stabilization. The ankle exoskeleton showed a potential for wearable gait rehabilitation for stroke patients with high mobility and portability. |
13,747 | Please write an abstract with title: An analysis and measurement of the equivalent model of serial queues for a load balancer and a Web server of a Web cluster with a low rejection rate, and key words: Queueing analysis, Web server, Computational modeling, Service oriented architecture, Delay, Performance analysis, Analytical models, Linear systems, System performance, Measurement. Abstract: In this paper, we propose an equivalent model in a serial queue for representing the serial connection of the load balancer and a Web server of the Web cluster. We have set up an experimental Web cluster for doing some performance measurements. Moreover, we compare either the simulation results or the measurement results for the mean system response time of the serial queues forming the equivalent model which in turn has the supposition property derived by the use of two subsystems |
13,748 | Please write an abstract with title: Overall stability factor of linear two-ports in terms of scattering parameters, and key words: Stability, Scattering parameters, Capacitors, Resistors, Low pass filters, Frequency, Voltage, Impedance, Band pass filters, Solid state circuits. Abstract: Stability conditions for linear active two-ports in terms of classical two-port parameters, which include the terminations, have been derived earlier but the analogous result in terms of scattering parameters apparently is not known. It is shown that the stability condition is 1-|r/SUB G/s/SUB 11/|/SUP 2/-|r/SUB L/s/SUB 22/|/SUP 2/ + |r/SUB G/r/SUB L//spl Delta/|/SUP 2/>2|r/SUB G/r/SUB L/|.|s/SUB 12/s/SUB 21/| from which the overall stability factor is derived. |
13,749 | Please write an abstract with title: Air-Gap Permeance and Reluctance Network Models for Analyzing Vibrational Exciting Force of In-Wheel PMSM, and key words: Force, Air gaps, Vibrations, Atmospheric modeling, Magnetic flux, Rotors, Stator cores. Abstract: There is recognized interest in in-wheel motors for vehicle traction. Studies have gradually focused the design of in-wheel motors on electro-mechanical vibration, subject to the demand of driving comfort. It is crucial to model, analyze, and minimize the air-gap exciting force, the dominant source of vibration. In order to qualitatively and quantitatively study the air-gap vibrational exciting force and evaluate its characteristic for an in-wheel outer-runner permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), this research proposes an air-gap permeance model (APM) and a unique adaptive reluctance network model (ARNM). In the process of motor design, APM is a quick means of determining dominant radial force density (RFD) harmonics and minimizing specific components that may produce considerable vibration. Morphing surface-mounted magnets and nonuniform air-gap length are guided by design optimization which complicates the analysis. Yet, proposed ARNM can account for this geometry variation and handle deformed gap geometry by using modified equation-based local permeance and residual flux. The speed and accuracy of proposed model are verified through the comparison of flux density and force mapping data between the calculation by proposed analytical model and the simulation by finite element tools. A 3-kW prototype is fabricated and tested to explore the effectiveness of ARNM-based performance prediction. |
13,750 | Please write an abstract with title: Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fibers Used for a Laser Diode Redundancy System in a Submarine Optical Repeater, and key words: Optical fiber polarization, Diode lasers, Underwater vehicles, Repeaters, Optical fibers, Stimulated emission, Optical crosstalk, Optical fiber couplers, Optical coupling, Temperature. Abstract: Polarization-maintaining optical fibers are developed for installation in a submarine optical repeater. These fibers preserve the polarization of light emitted from laser diodes (LD's) to a single-mode fiber through a light-switching coupler. Crosstalk of less than -30 dB in a l-m length of these optical fibers, called PANDA optical fibers, is achieved with a bending radius greater than 10 mm, twists of less than 60 turns, and tension of less than 3 kg, and ambient temperatures of -20-80°C. The mechanical strength of these fibers is the same as that of single-mode fibers. |
13,751 | Please write an abstract with title: Controller assigned airborne separation (CAAS) result of strategic pairwise study, and key words: Computer aided analysis, Air traffic control, Automatic control, Communication system control, Control systems, Automation, Data communication, Communication system traffic control, Traffic control, Performance analysis. Abstract: A study of the controller-assigned airborne separation (CAAS) strategic crossing application has been completed by the MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD). The strategic CAAS procedure permits delegation of separation authority from the air traffic controller to the aircrew in specific situations, while assisted by ground-based automation for conflict detection and resolution, as well as data communication for clearance delivery. Nine former air traffic controllers worked various simulated air traffic scenarios both with and without strategic CAAS. Controller performance measures and subjective responses were collected and analyzed. Overall, results indicate that the concept of CAAS is promising. Controllers reported that it could be a useful procedure for reducing workload and therefore contribute to a more productive work environment. They also indicated that it is a reasonable step in the evolution of more sophisticated tools and procedures. Further research is proposed in four areas: (1) additional controller applications for CAAS, (2) pilot evaluations, (3) integrated pilot-controller experiments, and (4) analysis of benefits and costs. |
13,752 | Please write an abstract with title: Microcontroller Based Data Acquisition System for the Study of Shadowing on a Photo Voltaic Modules, and key words: Shadow mapping, Solar panels, Microcontrollers, Data acquisition, Liquid crystal displays, Software, Pins. Abstract: A Microcontroller is a programmable device that may also be used to control other electronic devices such as a stepper motors, Light Emitting Diodes (LED), etc. Another class of modern microcontrollers, which has gained momentum, is the Arduino. Arduino Uno Microcontroller is used in this research that is proposed to study the impact of shadows on solar arrays. In this research, the Arduino Uno was selected based on its lower cost and less power consumption. The system includes two 1 W, 5 V solar panels as sensors. The first of the two panels is used as a reference and is placed in a clean un-shadowed area, and the second one is a test solar panel that is mounted in the area that has been designated for the placement of the Photovoltaic (PV) array. This Arduino Uno based Data Acquisition System (DAS) features a micro Storage Disc (SD) card, a real time clock (RTC) and a software algorithm developed for data collection purpose. The developed Arduino software algorithm uses the irradiance received by the two mentioned solar panels to calculate the Solar access. Solar access is the ratio irradiance affected by shadowing to that irradiance without any effect of shadowing. The Arduino stores the time-stamped resulting records onto its mounted SD card as a Comma Separated Value (CSV) file for viewing and analysis in MS Excel. In Excel, graphs showed that a solar panel or a PV module is affected by shadowing. The irradiance of received PV modules decreases when shadowing of any kind occurs on their surface. |
13,753 | Please write an abstract with title: A Simple Algorithm for finding Steiner Spanning Trees, and key words: Mechatronics, Codes, Software algorithms, Software, Smart grids, Performance analysis, Manufacturing systems. Abstract: This paper presents a simple algorithm for finding Steiner spanning trees. A Steiner spanning tree connects a set of terminal vertices in a tree with minimal total edge weight. The proposed algorithm uses modified Prim's algorithm to generate the minimum weight spanning tree (MST) as the basis. Then, the non-terminal vertices with 1-degree of connection in the MST are deleted one by one until the resulting spanning tree become free from any non-terminal vertices with 1-degree of connection. Since this algorithm is easy to understand, code, and extend, it is implemented in the GPenSIM software for industrial applications (such as performance analysis of manufacturing systems and smart microgrids). |
13,754 | Please write an abstract with title: Time-Window Based Group-Behavior Supported Method for Accurate Detection of Anomalous Users, and key words: Correlation, Compounds, Anomaly detection, Cyberattack. Abstract: Autoencoder-based anomaly detection methods have been used in identifying anomalous users from large-scale enterprise logs with the assumption that adversarial activities do not follow past habitual patterns. Most existing approaches typically build models by reconstructing single-day and individual-user behaviors. However, without capturing long-term signals and group-correlation signals, the models cannot identify low-signal yet long-lasting threats, and will wrongly report many normal users as anomalies on busy days, which, in turn, lead to high false positive rate. In this paper, we propose ACOBE, an Anomaly detection method based on COmpound BEhavior, which takes into consideration long-term patterns and group behaviors. ACOBE leverages a novel behavior representation and an ensemble of deep autoencoders and produces an ordered investigation list. Our evaluation shows that ACOBE outperforms prior work by a large margin in terms of precision and recall, and our case study demonstrates that ACOBE is applicable in practice for cyberattack detection. |
13,755 | Please write an abstract with title: Array of dual band RMSAs with bend stub along the radiating edge, and key words: Dual band, Resonance, Resonant frequency, Impedance, Microstrip antennas, Dielectric substrates, Pins, Loaded antennas, Antenna radiation patterns, Performance gain. Abstract: Various communication systems require single radiating element operating in dual frequency bands. This can be realized by reactively loading the patch with stubs, slots, or shorting pins. Stub loaded rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA) with stub length comparable to /spl lambda//4, yields dual frequency operation with broadside radiation pattern at both the frequencies. But, the over all length of the configuration is increased as the stub is protruding out from the periphery of the patch. A compact realization of this configuration can be obtained by using /spl lambda//4 stub bend along the radiating edge of the patch MSAs configured in arrays offer enhanced gain performance at the expense of increased area of the configuration. Hence, a compact array using bend stub loaded RMSAs which occupies less space has also been investigated. The simulated results of these configurations using commercially available MOM based IE3D software followed by experimental verification are presented. |
13,756 | Please write an abstract with title: WebCT: a tool for proselytism!, and key words: Internet, Educational technology, Electronic mail, Environmental economics, Educational products, Streaming media, Computer science, Educational programs, Computer science education, Rhythm. Abstract: This paper presents arguments to use technologies of information and communication (TIC) for teaching and learning. It starts with an overview of the environment that the education sector is facing, and then describes an experimentation with an actual Internet-based learning environment: WebCT. This research offers theoretical and practical foundations to promote this use. |
13,757 | Please write an abstract with title: A Robust Blind Watermarking Scheme Based on Attention Mechanism and Neural Joint Source-Channel Coding, and key words: Digital images, Conferences, Signal processing algorithms, Crops, Watermarking, Signal processing, Gray-scale. Abstract: Due to the importance of protecting digital images in the modern world, digital image watermarking draws the attention of academia because of its applications in proving the authenticity and integrity of digital images. The performance of current watermarking algorithms needs to be improved to cope with the growing demand for better imperceptibility, greater robustness, and larger capacity. In response to the above requirements, a new robust blind watermarking algorithm is proposed in this paper, which mainly utilizes convolutional neural networks to embed watermarks in DCT domain. An attention module is introduced to calculate the confidence that each image pixel block contains watermark information, thus making our algorithm robust enough to deal with Crop attack. In addition, the introduction of a learning based solution for joint source and channel coding enables our algorithm to take grayscale images with simple backgrounds as input watermarks while maintaining great imperceptibility and robustness. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm. |
13,758 | Please write an abstract with title: Characteristics of Acoustic emission amplitude and wave velocity in hydraulic concrete structures, and key words: Analytical models, Fitting, Hydraulic systems, Acoustic emission, Signal processing, Lead, Attenuation. Abstract: Amplitude attenuation test and wave velocity attenuation test are used to analyze the characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) signals in hydraulic concrete structures. The attenuation curves of amplitude-distance and velocity-distance of acoustic wave in a hydraulic concrete structure were plotted by using pencil lead break (PLB) as AE simulation source. Amplitude-distance distribution of AE signal in hydraulic concrete structure better satisfies the logarithmic attenuation model, and the amplitude attenuation is up to 38dB during 1m propagation, so the AE sensor spacing should not exceed 1m. Three kinds of nonlinear fitting model are used to analyze the velocity - distance data. It is found that the Boltzmann sigmoidal curve fitting model has the highest fitting accuracy and the best fitting goodness, the Boltzmann sigmoidal curve can well reflect the three stages of the velocity-distance curve, which include the upper platform, wave velocity rapid attenuation zones, and the lower platform, so as to carry out the correction of the average wave speed under different propagation distances. The characteristics of amplitude attenuation and wave velocity attenuation can provide data basis and reference for subsequent AE detection of hydraulic concrete structures. |
13,759 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Multi-compartment Neuron Model with Synaptic Plasticity Using FPGA, and key words: Computational modeling, Biological system modeling, Neurons, Neural circuits, Logic gates, Brain modeling, Hardware. Abstract: Computational neuroscience is interdisciplinary and plays an essential role in facilitating the development of cognitive neuroscience and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). To explore the computational efficiency of Spiking Neural Network (SNN) on a computational hardware platform, we deploy SNN on the Xilinx Zynq7 Zedboard Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Specifically, we use multi-compartmental Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neuron model to construct neural circuits via C++ code and adopt a biologically plausible calcium concentration-based plasticity model as the learning rule of SNN. Our experimental results show that the FPGA platform can support parallel computation of the multi-compartment HH model with synaptic plasticity. Compared to other methods, FPGA-based computing has a significant speed advantage, suggesting that FPGA can be a good choice for implementing brain-inspired computation. |
13,760 | Please write an abstract with title: The enhancement of speech intelligibility in high noise levels by high-pass filtering followed by rapid amplitude compression, and key words: Speech enhancement, Noise level, Filtering, Working environment noise, Speech processing, White noise, Signal processing, Signal to noise ratio, Frequency, Speech coding. Abstract: This paper presents the results of an examination of rapid amplitude compression following high-pass filtering as a method for processing speech, prior to reception by the listener, as a means of enhancing the intelligibility of speech in high noise levels. Arguments supporting this particular signal processing method are based on the results of previous perceptual studies of speech in noise. In these previous studies, it has been shown that high-pass filtered/clipped speech offers a significant gain in the intelligibility of speech in white noise over that for unprocessed speech at the same signal-to-noise ratios. Similar results have also been obtained for speech processed by high-pass filtering alone. The present paper explores these effects and it proposes the use of high-pass filtering followed by rapid amplitude compression as a signal processing method for enhancing the intelligibility of speech in noise. It is shown that this new method resuits in a substantial improvement in the intelligibility of speech in white noise over normal speech and over previously implemented methods. |
13,761 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital watermarking-based DCT and JPEG model, and key words: Watermarking, Discrete cosine transforms, Robustness, Image segmentation, Image coding, Protection, Feature extraction, Random sequences, Distortion, Transform coding. Abstract: In recent years, digital watermarking techniques have been proposed to protect the copyright of multimedia data. Different watermarking schemes have been suggested for images. The goal of this paper is to develop a watermarking algorithm based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and image segmentation. The image is first segmented in different portions based on the Voronoi diagram and features extraction points. Then, a pseudorandom sequence of real numbers is embedded in the DCT domain of each image segment. Different experiments are conducted to show the performance of the scheme under different types of attacks. The results show that our proposed watermark scheme is robust to common signal distortions, including geometric manipulations. The robustness against Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression is achieved for a compression ratio of up to 45, and robustness against average, median, and Wiener filters is shown for the 3/spl times/3 up to 9/spl times/9 pixel neighborhood. It is observed that robustness against scaling was achieved when the watermarked image size is scaled down to 0.4% of its original size. |
13,762 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised SAR Image Change Detection for Few Changed Area Based on Histogram Fitting Error Minimization, and key words: Synthetic aperture radar, Remote sensing, Radar polarimetry, Change detection algorithms, Histograms, Rail transportation, Radiometry. Abstract: Change detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is an essential task of remote sensing image analysis. However, the thresholding procedure is the main difficulty in change detection for a few changed areas for traditional change detection methods. In this article, we propose a novel change detection method for very few changed or even none changed areas. The proposed method contains three procedures: difference image (DI) generation, thresholding, and spatial analysis. In the second procedure, a new thresholding method called histogram fitting error minimization (HFEM) is proposed for a few changed areas. HFEM is derived under the assumption that the unchanged class in the absolute-valued DI follows the half-normal distribution, and the changed class follows the Gaussian distribution. In the spatial analysis procedure, a new conditional random fields (CRF) method based on half-normal distribution is proposed to model the mutual influences among image pixels. The proposed CRF method is called half-normal CRF (HNCRF). Experiments carried out on both synthetic datasets and four real SAR datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method. Not only a few changed datasets but datasets with lots of changes are used in the experiments. The kappa coefficients of the proposed method can reach up to ten times that of the traditional method under extreme conditions. The results prove that the proposed method outperforms the traditional methods in the case of a few changed areas. Meanwhile, the proposed method can get similar results compared with traditional methods under normal conditions. |
13,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Cross-Domain Unseen Activity Recognition Using Transfer Learning, and key words: Training, Obesity, Target recognition, Transfer learning, Activity recognition, Performance gain, Minimization. Abstract: Activity Recognition (AR) models perform well with a large number of available training instances. However, in the presence of sensor heterogeneity, sensing biasness and variability of human behaviors and activities and unseen activity classes pose key challenges to adopting and scaling these pre-trained activity recognition models in the new environment. These challenging unseen activities recognition problems are addressed by applying transfer learning techniques that leverage a limited number of annotated samples and utilize the inherent structural patterns among activities within and across the source and target domains. This work proposes a novel AR framework that uses the pre-trained deep autoencoder model and generates features from source and target activity samples. Furthermore, this AR frame-work establishes correlations among activities between the source and target domain by exploiting intra- and inter-class knowledge transfer to mitigate the number of labeled samples and recognize unseen activities in the target domain. We validated the efficacy and effectiveness of our AR framework with three real-world data traces (Daily and Sports, Opportunistic, and Wisdm) that contain 41 users and 26 activities in total. Our AR framework achieves performance gains ≈ 5-6% with 111, 18, and 70 activity samples (20 % annotated samples) for Das, Opp, and Wisdm datasets. In addition, our proposed AR framework requires 56, 8, and 35 fewer activity samples (10% fewer annotated examples) for Das, Opp, and Wisdm, respectively, compared to the state-of-the-art Untran model. |
13,764 | Please write an abstract with title: Criteria Comparative Learning for Real-Scene Image Super-Resolution, and key words: Training data, Image restoration, Superresolution, Hafnium, Degradation, Feature extraction. Abstract: Real-scene image super-resolution aims to restore real-world low-resolution images into their high-quality versions. A typical RealSR framework usually includes the optimization of multiple criteria which are designed for different image properties, by making the implicit assumption that the ground-truth images can provide a good trade-off between different criteria. However, this assumption could be easily violated in practice due to the inherent contrastive relationship between different image properties. Contrastive learning (CL) provides a promising recipe to relieve this problem by learning discriminative features using the triplet contrastive losses. Though CL has achieved significant success in many computer vision tasks, it is non-trivial to introduce CL to RealSR due to the difficulty in defining valid positive image pairs in this case. Inspired by the observation that the contrastive relationship could also exist between the criteria, in this work, we propose a novel training paradigm for RealSR, named Criteria Comparative Learning (Cria-CL), by developing contrastive losses defined on criteria instead of image patches. In addition, a spatial projector is proposed to obtain a good view for Cria-CL in RealSR. Our experiments demonstrate that compared with the typical weighted regression strategy, our method achieves a significant improvement under similar parameter settings. |
13,765 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic and Self Adaptive P&O MPPT Based PID Controller and PSO Algorithm, and key words: Maximum power point trackers, Resistors, Tracking loops, Renewable energy sources, Shape, Temperature control, PD control. Abstract: This paper presents a study on the enhancement of the Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm named: Perturb and Observe (P&O). The introduced techniques deal with the weaknesses of this algorithm, especially when high changes or oscillations occur around the Maximum Power Point (MPP). To this end, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller optimized by the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) is used to conceive an automatic and self-adaptive P&O algorithm for maximum power extraction from the HZ-20 Thermo Electrical Generator (TEG) module feeding a resistive load via a DC-DC converter. The introduced work is developed in the MatLab/Simulink environment. The obtained results are presented in terms of a comparative study between the two most known hybridization structures of the PID controller and the P&O algorithm. |
13,766 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and estimation of the space-time varying channels, and key words: Correlation, Simulation, Oceans, Estimation, Channel estimation, Attenuation, Delays. Abstract: On the basis of BELLHOP model, the influence of transmitter’s active travel on underwater acoustic channel is emphasized, and a BELLHOP-based space-time channel model is established. According to the characteristics of CW pulse signal, LFM pulse signal and HFM pulse signal, and inspired by the conventional Doppler estimation method in communication, this paper improves them and estimates the Doppler factor in combination with the established model. Simulation results show that the performance of Doppler factor estimation of HFM signal is better. For the estimation of delay and attenuation coefficient, LFM signal has the best energy aggregation characteristic in fractional domain, and the position and amplitude of correlation peak are obtained to estimate the delay and attenuation factor. |
13,767 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of DeviceNet fieldbus intelligent node, and key words: Field buses, Hardware, Software design, Automatic control, Microprocessors, Transceivers, Switches, Displays, Circuits, Flowcharts. Abstract: The DeviceNet is a low-cost and high-performance fieldbus. It has been widely applied in the industrial automatic fields in recently years, so the demands of DeviceNet product are increased gradually. To satisfy market needs, the hardware and software designs have been proposed for developing intelligent node of DeviceNet in this paper. The hardware design is mainly composed of controller (SJAl000), microprocessor (80CS1), bus transceiver (82C251), photoelectrical isolation (6N137), switches and display portion, etc. The software design is mainly composed of controller initialization, data receiving, data transmitting, etc. Hardware circuit and software flow charts have been given and some problems that should be paid attention to in realizing are indicated at the same time. |
13,768 | Please write an abstract with title: General Steady-State Modeling and Linearization of Power Electronic Devices in AC-DC Hybrid Grid, and key words: Power electronics, Mathematical model, HVDC transmission, Flexible AC transmission systems, Steady-state, Hybrid power systems. Abstract: Power electronic devices are important in the modern power system. Control functions and operational characteristics of power electronic devices bring higher nonlinearity and heavier calculation burden to power system analysis, especially in optimization problems. In this article, a general steady-state model of power electronic devices in the AC-DC hybrid grid is proposed, which considers the high voltage direct current (HVDC) connections and the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). Power electronic devices are equivalently represented by impedance, transformers, and controlled sources. The linearized steady-state model is derived and then the specific formulation with minimized error is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by optimal power flow (OPF) calculation in the IEEE and Polish test systems. |
13,769 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Event-Triggered Control of Networked Fuzzy PDE Systems Under Hybrid Cyber Attacks, and key words: Control systems, Security, Markov processes, Mathematical models, PD control, Sensors, Denial-of-service attack. Abstract: This study focuses on the security control problem of networked fuzzy partial differential equation (PDE) systems under hybrid cyber attacks. First, the nonlinear parabolic PDE system is exactly represented by a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy PDE model. Second, with taking the insecure transmission network into consideration, a more practical stochastic hybrid cyber attacks model for PDE-based networked control systems is introduced. This model contains both denial-of-service attacks and deception attacks in a unified framework. Then, based on spatially pointwise nonuniform sampled-data measurements, an adaptive event-triggered control scheme with an adjustable threshold is newly designed to counter the hybrid cyber attacks’ impact while saving communication resources. Moreover, by constructing a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and employing some inequality techniques, stability conditions with less conservatism are derived. Finally, the developed method is applied to the Fisher equation to demonstrate its viability and superiority. |
13,770 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling the Detection of Motion Direction Signals in the Visual Cortex of Flies, and key words: Brain modeling, Motion detection, Neurons, Detectors, Differential equations, Mathematical model, Visual system, Eyes, Delay lines, Correlators. Abstract: Vision motion-detection is one of the most active areas in neuroscience today. Several nonlinear differential equations are derived to model the dendrities which carry information to the tangential cells in the fly’s visual cortex and to model the dynamics in the synaptic inputs. We analyze the solutions of these equations derived under both the preferred direction and the null direction of a tangential cell in the visual cortex of fly. It is found that when the parameters are within a certain range, these mathematical models can explain how the visual system of the fly encodes motion signals like the change of direction. This knowledge may be used to design an electrical circuit whose function can be expressed as the differential equations and then can be used to detect change in the motion direction. |
13,771 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation on Lung Cancer Detection Using Computer Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) System, and key words: Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Neural networks, Lung cancer, Lung, Machine learning, Radiology. Abstract: Lung cancer considered to be the worst threat to humankind, and it is also painstaking to be the main cause of death among other death casualties of cancer. This paper will review the detection techniques of lung cancer by using data science technology. Computer-assisted diagnosis CAD system is very effective in the detection of lung cancer and it is of high importance as it can increase the survival of the patient. Mainly there are four main stages in the CAD. First is the image preprocessing, Segmentation and ROI selection of lung portions, next is nodule detection inside the lung fields, and then comes the classification of that nodule and then evaluation of the nodules. Early detection of this disease can increase the survival chances of the patient because the time factor plays a succor role in this regard. Image Processing technique helps in getting the exact core image of the defected area which can be treated in time. The image processing system must be accurate and clear with a good pixel percentage and labeling of the mask. Pulmonary diseases can cause serious impact on human body if it is misdiagnosed and improper diagnosis done thru the medical analysis. Medical professionals assess and checks numerous of radiology images (CT Images) and inspects the lung cancer disease from it. However now a days Image processing technique applies with Computer aided system in this regard and becoming paramount aid in the field of medical science. This paper will follow segmentation processes, based on morphology operation there is technique that can diminish misleading results that is known as region of interest (ROI) extraction. The better results possible to achieved with the use of a convolution neural network. Computer aided detection has more advantages in terms of speed and accuracy. Today researchers are trying to improve the working of computer aided systems for better performance, they are also striving hard to make computer aided systems as a best approach for lung cancer detection. |
13,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Unlocked: A Game On Human Trafficking, and key words: Games, Faces, Information technology, Production facilities, Buildings, Visualization, Task analysis. Abstract: A behaviourally transformative experience via a strong theme, narrative, and gameplay is a powerful learning paradigm when presented coherently. The interplay of these factors facilitates learning and allows for an immersive experience. It enables players to explore their options and deliberate on the outcomes of their decisions. In this paper, we focus on the socially relevant theme of human trafficking. With Unlocked, we present a perspective that has not been addressed by similarly themed games so far. Understanding such an outlook is crucial to connect with the realities of human trafficking. Our game demonstrates the obstacles in real-life escapes and rescue operations while using well-established literature on learning as guiding principles to create an effective transformative experience. It allows the player to identify with victims and understand their mindset and thought processes. We measure our game's efficacy in educating players about factors like socio-economic and cultural predicaments, and latent conditions that influence these crimes. Such factors are often overlooked and are hard to understand until they are experienced first-hand. Our study attempts to show that transformative games can help recognize the role that these factors play by placing the player in the victim's position and building a strong narrative around it. We evaluate the learning process by having two phases of survey, pre-test, and post-test. The pre-test survey tests the player's knowledge about the current state of human trafficking. In the post-test survey, players rate the experience, gameplay, and effectiveness of the game in educating them about the trafficking scenario. The game was tested and validated by social activists who work to rescue trafficked women and children. They acknowledged the potential impact our game could have on raising awareness. Our findings establish that transformative games grounded with a strong narrative and built with a meticulous design guided by principles of transformation and learning prove to be highly effective in propagating social messages on the perils of human trafficking. |
13,773 | Please write an abstract with title: Low bit and variable rate speech coding using local cosine transform, and key words: Speech coding, Code standards, Algorithm design and analysis, Support vector machines, Support vector machine classification, Speech analysis, Detectors, GSM, Bit rate, Background noise. Abstract: An average1.6kb/s low bit and variable rate speech coder based on local cosine transform (LCT) algorithm for a two-way conversational speech is designed for the first time in the paper. The result of the voice activity detector (VAD) based on support vector machine (SVM) and the classification method of the voicing modes of the GSM half rate standard for active speech are adopted in the design of the variable bit rate coder. The moderately voiced mode and the strongly voiced mode of the voicing modes are combined as a voicing mode, the new combined voicing mode is named as a moderately and strongly voiced mode. A few segment vector quantizers of the LCT coefficients for each voicing mode and silence voicing frame (background noise) are employed, and LGB algorithm is applied to design the codebooks. A tree fast search technique is used to select the vector of the LCT coefficients for each segment. The evaluation using subject informal listening tests and a few object parameters indicates that the speech quality (intelligibility and naturalness) of the designed speech coder is better than that of the FS1015 standard coder. The new coder has higher robust than the FS1015 standard coder, which is suitable for speech coding in any environments. |
13,774 | Please write an abstract with title: Unconstrained licence plate and text localization and recognition, and key words: Licenses, Text recognition, Detectors, Vehicle detection, Shape, Pixel, Lighting, Robustness, Transportation, Monitoring. Abstract: Licence plates and traffic signs detection and recognition have a number of different applications relevant for transportation systems, such as traffic monitoring, detection of stolen vehicles, driver navigation support or any statistical research. A number of methods have been proposed, but only for particular cases and working under constraints (e.g. known text direction or high resolution). Therefore a new class of locally threshold separable detectors based on extremal regions, which can be adapted by machine learning techniques to arbitrary shapes, is proposed. In the test set of licence plate images taken from different viewpoints (-45/spl deg/,45/spl deg/), scales (from seven to hundreds of pixels height) even in bad illumination conditions and partial occlusions, the high detection accuracy is achieved (95%). Finally we present the detector generic abilities by traffic signs detection. The standard classifier (neural network) within the detector selects a relevant subset of extremal regions, i.e. regions that are connected components of a thresholded image. Properties of extremal regions render the detector very robust to illumination change and partial occlusions. Robustness to a viewpoint change is achieved by using invariant descriptors and/or by modelling shape variations by the classifier. The time-complexity of the detection is approximately linear in the number of pixel and a non-optimized implementation runs at about 1 frame per second for a 640 /spl times/ 480 image on a high-end PC. |
13,775 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of robust analog electronics at the University of Tennessee for NASA/JPL extreme environment applications, and key words: Robustness, NASA, Circuit testing, Operational amplifiers, CMOS analog integrated circuits, Analog integrated circuits, CMOS integrated circuits, Circuit synthesis, Mars, Temperature dependence. Abstract: The INSYTE (Integrated Circuits and Systems) Laboratory at The University of Tennessee is currently investigating robust CMOS analog and mixed-signal circuit design techniques for extreme environments. This work is being targeted for Mars surface applications where the temperature can vary from -1200/spl square/C to +20/spl square/C depending on time of day and location. In this paper we present both robust analog design techniques and measurement results from several test circuits. The design techniques focus on developing high performance OTAs and op-amps that can operate over a wide temperature range. The test circuits include a 3.3 V ping-pong op-amp and a 3.3 V rail-to-rail I/O op-amp capable of driving resistive loads. |
13,776 | Please write an abstract with title: Memory Efficient Edge Addition Designs for Large and Dynamic Social Networks, and key words: Distributed processing, Social networking (online), Heuristic algorithms, Conferences, Memory management, Medical services, Disaster management. Abstract: The availability of large volumes of social network data from a variety of social and socio-technical networks has greatly increased. These networks provide critical insights into understanding various domains including business, healthcare, and disaster management. The relationships and interactions between different entities represented in most of these data sources are constantly evolving. Graph processing and analysis methodologies that can effectively integrate data changes while minimizing recomputations are needed to handle these dynamic networks. In addition, the size of these information sources is constantly increasing, therefore we need designs that can perform analysis that are memory efficient in order to address resource constraints. In this paper, we show how our anytime anywhere framework can be used to construct memory-efficient closeness centrality algorithms. In particular, we will show how dynamic edge additions can be efficiently handled in the proposed scheme. |
13,777 | Please write an abstract with title: Data Augmentation Methods for Low Resolution Facial Images, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Databases, Superresolution, Data models, Faces, IEEE Regions. Abstract: Regularization techniques are useful in alleviating the problem of overfitting in super-resolution using deep learning. In this paper, multiple kinds of augmentation techniques such as CutOut, CutMix, Cutblur, Blend and Mix of augmentation techniques (MOA) are applied to CELEBA database. Both MOA and CutBlur methods improve the performance of face super resolution method. The first set of experiments are conducted without applying augmentation methods. Next set of experiments are conducted applying both MOA augmentation and CutOut, CutMix, CutBlur, Blend methods. The experiments are carried out for different values of patch size and CutBlur ratio. CELEBA dataset is used for the experiment. The effectiveness of the application of data augmentation technique is tested in EDSR model. The results shows that data augmentation techniques improve the performance of super resolution methods. CutBlur technique performs the best among all the methods. |
13,778 | Please write an abstract with title: Complex Vehicle Routing with Memory Augmented Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Routing, Optimization, Deep learning, Vehicle routing, Task analysis, Computational modeling. Abstract: Complex real-life routing challenges can be modeled as variations of well-known combinatorial optimization problems. These routing problems have long been studied and are difficult to solve at scale. The particular setting may also make exact formulation difficult. Deep Learning offers an increasingly attractive alternative to traditional solutions, which mainly revolve around the use of various heuristics. Deep Learning may provide solutions which are less time-consuming and of higher quality at large scales, as it generally does not need to generate solutions in an iterative manner, and Deep Learning models have shown a surprising capacity for solving complex tasks in recent years. Here we consider a particular variation of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing (CVRP) problem and investigate the use of Deep Learning models with explicit memory components. Such memory components may help in gaining insight into the model's decisions as the memory and operations on it can be directly inspected at any time, and may assist in scaling the method to such a size that it becomes viable for industry settings. |
13,779 | Please write an abstract with title: An Ensemble of Knowledge Sharing Models for Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition, and key words: Skeleton, Computer architecture, Gesture recognition, Recurrent neural networks, Microprocessors, Machine learning, Training. Abstract: The focus of this paper is dynamic gesture recognition in the context of the interaction between humans and machines. We propose a model consisting of two sub-networks, a transformer and an ordered-neuron long-short-term-memory (ON-LSTM) based recurrent neural network (RNN). Each sub-network is trained to perform the task of gesture recognition using only skeleton joints. Since each sub-network extracts different types of features due to the difference in architecture, the knowledge can be shared between the sub-networks. Through knowledge distillation, the features and predictions from each sub-network are fused together into a new fusion classifier. In addition, a cyclical learning rate can be used to generate a series of models that are combined in an ensemble, in order to yield a more generalizable prediction. The proposed ensemble of knowledge-sharing models exhibits an overall accuracy of 86.11% using only skeleton information, as tested using the Dynamic Hand Gesture-14/28 dataset. |
13,780 | Please write an abstract with title: A low torque ripple PMSM drive for EPS applications, and key words: Current measurement, Torque control, Costs, Digital signal processing, Permanent magnet motors, Motor drives, Operational amplifiers, Automotive engineering, Synchronous motors, Vehicle driving. Abstract: This paper describes the practical design considerations of a low torque ripple permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive for electric power steering (EPS) application. The impact of various controller elements on torque ripple performance is discussed in detail. The experimental results show that the low cost dc-link current sensing scheme used in the design can achieve excellent and consistent torque ripple performance (less than 2% peak-to-peak at 1 N.m.), and is well suited for EPS application. |
13,781 | Please write an abstract with title: Open access resources to support learning of control engineering, and key words: Web page design, Costs, Control engineering, Open Access, Europe, Collaboration, Software. Abstract: In recent years the IFAC technical committee has been looking closely at what constitutes an ideal first course in control [16]. Having completed stage 1 of this study, the community is now discussing how to best collate and share the numerous open access resources to support such a course, or indeed more advanced control courses, which staff and students can utilise. A call has gone out to the community to share their knowledge of available resources and this paper gives a preliminary view on the resources that have been proposed so far and ideas on how this information will be shared with the community. |
13,782 | Please write an abstract with title: Masked Face Recognition From Synthesis to Reality, and key words: Faces, Face recognition, Databases, Training, COVID-19, Additives, Pandemics. Abstract: As we have been seriously hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a facial mask is a crucial action that we can take for our protection. This paper reports a comprehensive study on the recognition of masked faces. By using facial landmarks, we synthesize the facial mask for each face in several benchmark databases with different challenging factors. The IJB-B and IJB-C databases are selected for evaluating the performance against the variation across pose, illumination and expression (PIE). The FG-Net database is selected for evaluating the performance across age. The SCface is chosen for evaluating the performance on low-resolution images. The MS-1MV2 is exploited as the base training set. We use the ResNet-100 as the feature embedding network connected to state-of-the-art loss functions designed for tackling face recognition. The loss functions considered include the Center Loss, the Marginal Loss, the Angular Softmax Loss, the Large Margin Cosine Loss and the Additive Angular Margin Loss. Both verification and identification are conducted in our evaluation. The performances for recognizing faces with and without the synthetic masks are all evaluated for a complete comparison. The network with the best loss function for recognizing synthetic masked faces is then assessed on a real masked face database, the cleaned RMFRD (c-RMFRD) dataset. Compared with a human user test on the c-RMFRD, the network trained on the synthetic masked faces outperforms human vision for a large gap. Our contributions are fourfold. The first is a comprehensive study for tackling masked face recognition by using state-of-the-art loss functions against various compounding factors. For comparison purpose, the second is another comprehensive study on the recognition of faces without masks by using the same loss functions against the same challenging factors. The third is the verification of the network trained on synthetic masked faces for tackling the real masked face recognition with performance better than human inspectors. The fourth is the highlight on the challenges of masked face recognition and the directions for future research. Our code, trained models and dataset are available via the project GitHub site. |
13,783 | Please write an abstract with title: Correcting the ADCS Jitter Induced Blurring in Small Satellite Imagery, and key words: Satellites, Transmission line matrix methods, Jitter, Angular velocity, Cameras, Sensors, Actuators. Abstract: Earth Observation missions have increasingly demanding requirements, i.e., higher spatial resolutions and SNR, and lower revisit times, etc. High-resolution images have to be captured with precise pointing accuracy which is achieved by the satellite's attitude determination and control system (ADCS). This subsystem embeds multiple sensors and actuators capable of changing the satellite attitude by changing the torque applied to the platform. In small satellites, magnetorquers, and more recently reaction wheels as well, are the most frequently used actuators. These components fulfill their main purpose, but exhibit some drawbacks, notably a nonconstant jitter that provokes nondesired oscillations of the spacecraft, which may result in blurred images. This work presents a deblurring methodology that uses data coming from the ADCS sensors to infer a spatially variant point-spread function. Moreover, the impact of having a lower temporal resolution than the ideal on the sensors is analyzed and a method is presented to improve it. |
13,784 | Please write an abstract with title: Collective behavior implementation in powerline surveillance sensor network, and key words: Intelligent networks, Surveillance, Intelligent sensors, Electronic mail, Particle swarm optimization, Sensor systems, Programmable control, Blind source separation, Hardware, Testing. Abstract: This paper presents the application of collective swarm intelligence in solving problems of non-multiplexing communication in powerline sensor network. Based on collective intelligence behavior in nature, we design a system that allows local sensors to collect local information acquired from the powerline channel. As the information becomes available, the sensor can adaptively adjust its parameters in order to achieve a common goal of non-multiplexing sensor communication throughout entire network. The non-multiplexing sensor communications is implemented using underdetermined blind source separation (uBSS) based on the finite alphabet property of the data. The details of hardware implementation are provided as well as the result from the test-bed network. |
13,785 | Please write an abstract with title: The interdependence of geometrical, thermal, and electrical limitations for VLSI logic, and key words: Very large scale integration, MOSFETs, Wiring, Charge coupled devices, Transversal filters, Solid state circuits, Silicon, Fabrication, Logic circuits, Spectral analysis. Abstract: With the trend towards further minimization, VLSI chips containing random logic will approach various fundamental limits. The interdependency of geometrical, thermal, and electrical effects is discussed, showing that a 1 cm/SUP 2/ chip is about equally limited by these three effects. |
13,786 | Please write an abstract with title: DAGON: Technology Binding and Local Optimization by DAG Matching, and key words: Circuit synthesis, Pattern matching, Program processors, Libraries, Permission, Optimal matching, Logic programming, Tree graphs, Optimizing compilers, Computer languages. Abstract: Technology binding is the process of mapping a technology independent description of a circuit into a particular technology. This paper outlines a formalism of this problem and offers a solution to the problem in terms of matching patterns, describing technology specific cells and optimizations, against a technology independent circuit represented as a directed acyclic graph. This solution is implemented in DAGON. DAGON rests on a firm algorithmic foundation, and is able to guarantee locally optimal matches against a set of over three thousand patterns. DAGON is an integral part of a synthesis system that has been found to provide industrial quality solutions to real circuit design problems. |
13,787 | Please write an abstract with title: Developing wearable bio-feedback systems: the BF++ framework approach, and key words: Application software, Hardware, Brain computer interfaces, Workstations, Computer architecture, Laboratories, Software systems, Personal communication networks, Neuroscience, Humans. Abstract: The development of wearable biofeedback (BF) systems could be a nontrivial task: very often to build small devices it is required to adopt a software and hardware platform that provides limited features. Their optimal use is a key factor to design a system that exploits performances adequate for the application. The Bio-Feedback framework (BF++) is an award winning C++ set of classes that were designed to scale from workstations to embedded systems by providing high efficiency in both performance and system resource consumption. The main design choices relative to this kind of application are described and a custom brain computer interface (BCI) wearable system is also described. |
13,788 | Please write an abstract with title: A Si/SiC Hybrid Five-Level ANPC Full-Bridge DAB Converter with Dedicated Modulation Strategy, and key words: Performance evaluation, Silicon carbide, Switching frequency, Modulation, Bridge circuits, Prototypes, Switches. Abstract: This paper proposes a dual active bridge (DAB) converter based on Si/SiC hybrid devices five-level active-neutral-point-clamped (5L-ANPC) full-bridge circuit. Two inner switches adopt SiC devices. The deadtime effect is eliminated by a zero state with multiple current paths. Meanwhile, the soft-switching operation of high voltage switches can be realized by reasonably switching between zero switching states. Using switching states with multiple current paths, the conduction losses are reduced. On this basis, all the hard-switching operations are concentrated on SiC devices under a proposed modulation method. By utilizing the advantages of low loss and high switching frequency of SiC devices, the performance and efficiency of DAB converter are significantly improved. Experimental results on a 1 kW experimental prototype show that the proposed 5L-ANPC full-bridge DAB converter achieves good performance. |
13,789 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal design of dual stator-winding induction generator with variable speed based on improved genetic algorithm, and key words: Algorithm design and analysis, Stators, Induction generators, Genetic algorithms, Reactive power control, Pulse width modulation converters, Automobiles, Control systems, Capacitors, Diodes. Abstract: The idea of applying the novel dual stator-winding induction generator based on PWM converter to aviation, tank and automobile supply is presented. The minimization to converter's reactive power of control winding is the key to optimization of the system. The determination of excited capacitors to minimize the reactive power of control winding under variable speed is given. The calculating capacity of the machine with a diode bridge rectifier load is proposed. The expression between the current of control winding and parameters of generator is derived. To achieve global searching and improve optimization efficiency, the improved real-coded genetic algorithm is presented. The prototype of 18 kW, 270 V with DC output is designed. The results show this scheme has prominent effect to reduce reactive power of control winding, and the capacity of converter can be reduced to 1/3 of output rated power, which makes the dimension of inverter much smaller. This is rather benefiting for the applications to the above isolated supply system. |
13,790 | Please write an abstract with title: A cloud-assisted ADS-B network for UAVs based on SDR, and key words: Cloud computing, Protocols, Surveillance, Authentication, Logic gates, Transceivers, Security. Abstract: Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or "drones" into the civil aviation airspace is a problem of increasing interest in the aviation community, as testified by many initiatives developed worldwide. Many traditional surveillance solutions for manned aircrafts employ the Automatic Dependent System-Broadcast (ADS-B) technology, which however might present several drawbacks when used for UAVs, especially smaller ones and/or those flying at very low altitudes. We present in this paper a cloud-based surveillance solution for UAVs, which can be considered as an enhancement of a conventional ADS-B system. The proposed solution leverages inexpensive on-board transceivers for transmitting positional messages from the UAVs to the ground. A network of ADS-B gateways, based on the software-defined radio (SDR) paradigm, format the positional messages into valid ADS-B signals and rebroadcast them in the air, allowing thus to emulate a true ADS-B system and overcoming the main disadvantages of the conventional implementation. A preliminary performance analysis of the proposed approach, based on queuing theory, shows the main tradeoffs of the considered approach. Moreover, a physical-layer laboratory implementation of the proposed solution is presented, based on off-the-shelf SDR hardware, which is programmed using the open-source GNU Radio environment. |
13,791 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurements and analysis of electrical power consumption patterns for the computation of an aggregated battery energy storage system, and key words: Batteries, Power demand, Economics, Discharges (electric), Battery charge measurement, Energy measurement. Abstract: Aggregated and distributed battery energy storage systems improve distribution grids operability by providing advanced energy management schemes and energy resources allocation. Charging over consumer's peak power is one of the implementations of energy contracts that incentivize storage, even if it does not provide a direct interconnection between intermittent renewables and storage increasing its benefits. In this paper, an aggregated battery energy storage system is computed based on measured electrical power consumption patterns of a residential distribution network. Aiming to estimate the techno-economic factors that could potentially incentivize the installation of the battery system, the consumption patterns at both the transformer and the load side are analysed. The parameters that affect the economic viability of the system are evaluated in order to perform financial calculations about the profitability of the system. |
13,792 | Please write an abstract with title: On computing disjoint paths with dependent cost structure in optical networks, and key words: Computer networks, Optical computing, Intelligent networks, Optical fiber networks, Protection, WDM networks, Wavelength division multiplexing, Fault tolerance, Cost function, Bandwidth. Abstract: Providing fault tolerance against network failures in an optical WDM network is of prime importance. In this work we study the problem of computing optimal disjoint paths for providing shared protection in fully wavelength-convertible networks. We introduce and formalize the concept of dependent cost structure of a protection path on its working path and current network status. We formulate the problem of computing optimal disjoint paths for providing shared protection in fully wavelength-convertible networks as the problem of computing least-cost disjoint paths with dependent cost structure (LDP-DCS). We prove that LDP-DCS is NP-complete and is also hard to approximate. We present an iterative modified network-flow heuristic for the problem. We provide an approach to measure the optimality of the solution computed by the heuristic. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed heuristic in comparison to earlier heuristic approaches which did not consider the dependent cost structure. |
13,793 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of Continuous Rotor Skewing in Additively Manufactured Permanent Magnet Rotors, and key words: Rotors, Stress, Magnetomechanical effects, Magnetic separation, Magnetostatics, Harmonic analysis, Magnetic flux. Abstract: This paper describes the effects of skewing the rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with buried magnets by torsion of the soft-magnetic rotor active part and maintaining the magnet pockets axially straight. The impact of this approach on the mechanical and the electromagnetic design of the rotor active part is presented. In the end, the approach leads to a reduced cogging torque with simultaneously decreased leakage flux. Using conventional manufacturing technologies, e.g. punching or laser cutting, skewing the laminated soft-magnetic rotor active part and maintaining the magnet pockets axial straight would lead to a variety of lamination cross sections. The presented approach can hence be realized usefully by means of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies.Therefore, a short review of metal-additive manufacturing in the field of electric machines and the common practice of skewing in PMSMs is given in a first step. After this, a PMSM with bar-shaped buried magnets was chosen to serve as reference. 3D electromagnetic finite element analyses (FEA) of the non-skewed reference machine, of a conventionally step-skewed rotor and of the new continuously skewed rotor concept are performed. Continuously twisting the rotor active part around the magnet pockets leads to the need of adjusting the stray paths flanking the magnet pockets. The trade-off between minimizing leakage flux and maximizing mechanical strength is pointed out and the outcome additional mechanical stress FEA is shown. The impact of the stray paths and the skewing angle on the rotor air-gap flux density distribution is investigated in detail which leads to the evaluation of the resulting cogging torque of the different rotor concepts. Finally, guidelines for designing continuously skewed PM rotors using the possibilities of AM technologies can be derived. |
13,794 | Please write an abstract with title: Graph Regular Loss for Semi-Supervised Polsar Terrain Classification, and key words: Image edge detection, Geoscience and remote sensing, Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar, Optimization, Research and development. Abstract: Amongst the utilizations of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PoISAR) data, semi-supervised terrain classification is much in demand. Samples of the same category are distributed in multiple regions of a PolSAR image, resulting in differences in the feature distributions of samples of the same category located in different regions. In addition, some samples of confusable categories, and samples of different categories located near the edges, have small feature differences in a PolSAR image. To address this problem, we introduce a graph regular loss constructed from pseudo-labels to constrain the intra-class similarity and inter-class similarity of features, and improve the discriminative property of features. In addition, since the quality of pseudo-labels affects the optimization of the model by the graph regular loss, we introduce the idea of clustering into the teacher-student model to improve the quality of pseudo-labels. Experiments on real PolSAR data show that our proposed method achieves an excellent performance. |
13,795 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Microstrip Multi-Band Resonator Power Divider, and key words: Power dividers, Couplings, Resistors, Power transmission lines, Resonant frequency, Frequency conversion, Periodic structures. Abstract: A multiple band resonator power divider hinge on the technique of multiple mode resonance has been proposed and designed relying on the method of equivalent replacement of single quarter-wave transmission line with suitable coupling. Each fraction of the quarter-wave line is coupled with the other using two types of coupling networks, one is L section RC network, and the other is I section resistor network. Both structures provide resonance in three different frequency modes. Among these, two of them are responsible for broadening the operating band. This may be controlled precisely by the center frequency ratio of the power divider. The number of resonating modes achievable is limited by the practically available values of resistors and capacitors. This design has advantages like a single layer, compact structure, wide frequency ratio, and high isolation. |
13,796 | Please write an abstract with title: Refocusing of SAR Ground Moving Target Based on Generative Adversarial Networks, and key words: Training, Imaging, Geoscience and remote sensing, Radar imaging, Generative adversarial networks, Data models, Radar polarimetry. Abstract: Due to the range and azimuth velocity of moving targets, severe defocusing occurs in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The traditional ground moving target imaging algorithm generally needs to estimate the parameters of the moving target, and then conduct the refocusing of the moving target according to the estimated parameters. In this paper, a SAR moving target refocusing algorithm based on generative adversarial network (GAN) is proposed without estimating the motion parameters of the targets. To get a sufficiently trained network, we propose to use simulated moving target data to train the model and evaluate its performance using real data. The results of numerical experiments show that the trained network using simulated data can be well transferred to real test data and effectively achieve to refocus multiple moving targets with distinct velocities at the circumstance of heavy noise. |
13,797 | Please write an abstract with title: Slice-Less Optical Arbitrary Waveform Measurement (OAWM) on a Silicon Photonic Chip, and key words: Integrated optics, Semiconductor device measurement, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Europe, Optical variables measurement, Silicon photonics, Signal reconstruction. Abstract: We demonstrate the first slice-less optical-arbitrary-waveform-measurement (OAWM) frontend integrated on a silicon photonic chip and demonstrate its viability by reception of high-speed data signals (100 GBd 64 QAM). Our system covers a bandwidth of more than 160 GHz and exploits an accurate calibration for high-fidelity signal reconstruction. |
13,798 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Prioritization of the Factors of the Robotic Industry With the Assistance of EDAS Technique Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Yager Aggregation Operators, and key words: Intuitionistic fuzzy rough Yager aggregation operators, EDAS method, multi-criteria group decision making. Abstract: The focus of the interdisciplinary and scientific discipline of robotics is to design, maintain and use mechanical robotics. There exist many issues faced by the robotic industry but there are some factors that can cover these complexities effectively. Handling vague and imprecise data is a difficult task nowadays. So there is a need to define such kind of effective and valuable tool that can handle complex and vague data more dominantly. The evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method is a very useful tool that can handle complex data more effectively. The best alternative can be chosen based on distance from the average solution. The EDAS method is relatively simple to use and provide a quick evaluation of alternative based on multiple criteria. Yager t-norm and t-conorm are two fuzzy logic operators proposed by Yager. So based on the importance of Yager t-norm and t-conorm, initially, in this article, we have proposed the basic operative laws for intuitionistic fuzzy rough numbers. Based on these developed operational laws, we have developed some new intuitionistic fuzzy rough aggregation operators called intuitionistic fuzzy rough Yager average (weighted, ordered weighted, hybrid) aggregation operators and intuitionistic fuzzy rough Yager geometric (weighted, ordered weighted, hybrid) aggregation operators. Moreover, we have proposed the EDAS technique based on intuitionistic fuzzy rough Yager aggregation operators and used these notions for the selection of suitable factors that play a vital role in the robotic industry. Also, to show the effective use of these introduced notions, we have proposed an algorithm for the EDAS method based on intuitionistic fuzzy rough Yager aggregation operators along with a descriptive example. To show the superiority of the introduced work we have developed a comparative analysis. |
13,799 | Please write an abstract with title: New method for measuring the chromatic dispersion of installed single-mode fibers utilizing wavelength division multiplexing techniques, and key words: Wavelength measurement, Chromatic dispersion, Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical fiber testing, Optical fiber devices, Phase modulation, Diode lasers, Optical coupling, Phase measurement, Optical fiber cables. Abstract: This paper describes a novel method designed to measure the chromatic dispersion of installed single-mode fiber cables. The systems developed utilize the modulation phase/multiple laser diode techniques; however, by the addition of wavelength division multiplexing, the reference laser and fiber was eliminated. Laboratory and field results for measured wavelength ranges of 1200-1330 and 1200-1550 nm are presented. |
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