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Please write an abstract with title: Distributed admission control via dual-queue management, and key words: Admission control, Traffic control, Resource management, Engineering management, Communication system traffic control, Loss measurement, Particle measurements, System performance, Robustness, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: This paper introduces and studies a new queue management framework via the use of connection level information already embedded in existing data traffic. Our goal is to improve the system performance and resource utilization at times of intense network congestion. Under this framework, data packets and connection establishment packets are queued separately. Different queueing and dropping policies can then be applied to them, thus the term dual-queue management. This framework is stateless and does not require per-flow queueing or flow counting. Using examples of such policies our initial simulation shows that this scheme can lead to much higher performance and network resource utilization during severe congestion. It also leads to more robust and scalable network design. Moreover, it provides an attractive mechanism for network provisioning via parameter tuning.
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1,801
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Please write an abstract with title: A Performance Analysis Framework for Passive UHF RFID for Environmental Applications, and key words: Conferences, Automation, Computer aided software engineering. Abstract: Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been widely used in various industries due to its object identification and monitoring capability. In recent years, low-frequency (LF) RFID has been increasingly used in hydraulic studies for sediment transport studies and the detection of underground utilities. Nevertheless, prior studies have indicated that the use of LF RFID technology is limited due to its short detection range and high sensitivity of orientation relative to the antenna place. Ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID (865-928 MHz) technology has much longer reading ranges compared to the LF RFID. However, up to date, the application of UHF RFID technology in aquatic environments is still rare because of its high sensitivity to water. This study aims to investigate the reading range behaviors of passive UHF RFID tags for surface applications in aquatic environments. This research used circular and linear polarization antennae, which have a gain of 8 dBic, 9 dBic, and 12.5 dBi, respectively, to examine six pre-selected UHF RFID tags behaviors. The results of this study showed that a decrease in the performance of maximum reading distances when the tags are placed in a vertical orientation at the center of the antenna compared with the horizontal orientation. The maximum reading ranges varied between 1 to 35% when using the 8 dBic antenna, between 0% to 48% with the 9 dBic antenna, and between 14 to 82% with the 12.5 dBi antenna. Based on key findings and observations from this study, we demonstrated design requirements of tags to overcome sensitivity limitations to design for future surface-water velocity monitoring applications in the natural open water and built water transport environments.
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1,802
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Sink Load-Balancing Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Power demand, Pressing, Logic gates, Routing, Batteries. Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is gradually taking the center stage as the foundation network for the Internet of Things (IoT), however, it is not without its challenges. These include lossy wireless links, limited processing capacity, limited memory and storage, and most importantly limited battery life. These limitations are inherent because of the small form-factor of a sensor device, which could be as small as a finger-tip. Of these challenges, the most pressing is limited battery life or power as this directly affects the network lifetime. Subsequently, the standard WSN architecture presents only one sink, serving as a gateway between the local sensor network, and the external network which in most cases is the Internet. The demanding pressure of routing data through a single sink makes it a Single Point of Failure (SOF), this means if the sink goes down, the entire network goes down. This practice is not only suboptimal but inefficient. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Sink Load Balancing Mechanism (MSLBM) for WSN. This mechanism adaptively and dynamically assigns network loads or traffic to sinks with less instantaneous operational tasks. It operates in such a way that no sink is overloaded with tasks which may result in early battery drainage and inadvertently untimely shutdown of the network. MSLBM was benchmark with related mechanisms with an outstanding performance of 98% Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), least Latency of 21.7ms, and least Power Consumption of 1.6mW. This, therefore, presents MSLBM as an optimal energy-efficient load-balancing mechanism for a prolonged operational lifetime.
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1,803
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Please write an abstract with title: Comparing simplification and image-based techniques for 3D client-server rendering systems, and key words: Rendering (computer graphics), Layout, Engines, Mathematical model, Mobile communication, Life estimation, Lifetime estimation, Geometry, Solid modeling, Bandwidth. Abstract: A mathematical model is presented for comparing geometric and image-based simplification methods. Geometric simplification reduces the number of polygons in the virtual object and image-based simplification replaces the object with an image. Our model integrates and extrapolates existing accuracy estimates, enabling the comparison of different simplification methods in order to choose the most efficient method in a given situation. The model compares data transfer and rendering load of the methods. Byte size and expected lifetime of simplifications are calculated as a function of the desired visual quality and the position and movement of the viewer. An example result is that, in typical viewing and rendering conditions and for objects with a radius in the order of one meter, imposter techniques can be used at viewing distances above 15 meters. Below that, simplified polygon objects are required and, below one meter distance, the full-resolution virtual object has to be rendered. An electronic version of the model is available on the web.
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1,804
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Please write an abstract with title: Sandwich Engineering Structures with Cellular Core: A review, and key words: Industries, Young's modulus, Nanocomposites, Honeycomb structures, Automobiles, Sandwich structures, Thermal stability. Abstract: In many cases, the core plays a prominent role in sandwich structures. Due to the increased demand in modern engineering, many scientists are attracted to studying more about lightweight mechanical components; hence they argued that an appropriate core layer might reduce the weight of sandwich structures. Cellular structures have been noticed for their low density/weight, high strength, and high energy and sound absorption. Nowadays, due to the extreme properties of cellular structures, they are primarily used in engineering assemblies. Also, their mechanical properties could be changed by defining thickness-dependent relations for the definition of Young's modulus and density, making them more exciting for researchers. Due to the pores in these structures and, accordingly, low stiffness, it is advisable to integrate them. One of the ways to reach this aim is to use and bond two stiffer layers on their upper and lower surfaces that are called facesheets. These faces would be made from smart materials or nanocomposites in some applications. The usage of these kinds of structures has been growing in applications ranging from aerospace structures, bridge constructions, marine industry, medical science as bone tissue engineering, and products of automobile systems. This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of different types of cellular sandwich structures that have been designed for high-strength and lightweight applications. Furthermore, this review investigates their performance in different structures such as beams, plates, and shells in various environmental conditions. The review shows no work is available on this topic in the literature and does not cover any particular sandwich engineering design.
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1,805
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Please write an abstract with title: Automatic calibration of modulated frequency synthesizers, and key words: Calibration, Frequency modulation, Frequency synthesizers, Phase locked loops, Frequency shift keying, Phase modulation, Temperature, Availability, Delta-sigma modulation, Prototypes. Abstract: This paper describes a new approach to the automatic calibration of modulated phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers. The new calibration approach tunes the response of the PLL while the synthesizer is in service and compensates for process and temperature variation. The availability of this new calibration method allows the use of precompensation techniques to achieve high data rate modulation of sigma-delta (/spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/) frequency synthesizers. The calibration method can be applied to Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK), Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation, and also M-ary FSK modulation. A low-frequency board level prototype has been constructed to validate the calibration approach.
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1,806
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Please write an abstract with title: The application of artificial intelligence technology in the communication engineering industry, and key words: Industries, Technological innovation, Standardization, Machine learning, Information and communication technology, Security, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: With the development of innovative technologies such as big data and machine learning, artificial intelligence technology has become more and more mature and widely used in many fields of social life, which has greatly promoted social progress and brought challenges in the field of security. This paper summarizes the development and policy background of artificial intelligence technology, introduces the status quo of standardization, and discusses the application of artificial intelligence in the field of communication security on the basis of the analysis of artificial intelligence technology applied to the field of communication.
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1,807
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Please write an abstract with title: Learning to Use Adaptive Motion Primitives in Search-Based Planning for Navigation, and key words: Adaptation models, Navigation, Heuristic algorithms, Approximation algorithms, Search problems, Planning, Intelligent robots. Abstract: Heuristic-based graph search algorithms like A* are frequently used to solve motion planning problems in many domains. For most practical applications, it is infeasible and unnecessary to pre-compute the graph representing the whole search space. Instead, these algorithms generate the graph incrementally by applying a fixed set of actions (frequently called motion primitives) to find the successors of every node that they need to evaluate. In many domains, it is possible to define actions (called adaptive motion primitives) that are not pre-computed but generated on the fly. The generation and validation of these adaptive motion primitives is usually quite expensive compared to pre-computed motion primitives. However, they have been shown to drastically speed up search if used judiciously. In prior work, ad hoc techniques like fixed thresholds have been used to limit unsuccessful evaluations of these actions. In this paper, we propose a learning-based approach to make more intelligent decisions about when to evaluate them. We do a thorough empirical evaluation of our model on a 3 degree-of-freedom (dof) motion planning problem for navigation using the Reeds-Shepp path as an adaptive motion primitive. Our experiments show that using our approach in conjunction with search algorithms leads to over 2x speedup in planning time.
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1,808
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Please write an abstract with title: A multiple-input DC/DC converter for renewable energy systems, and key words: DC-DC power converters, Renewable energy resources, Voltage, Wind turbines, Photovoltaic systems, Solar power generation, Fuel cells, Costs, Laboratories, Prototypes. Abstract: This paper presents a multiple-input DC/DC converter for renewable energy systems. The proposed DC/DC converter can be used to obtain well-regulated output voltage from several power sources, such as wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays, fuel cells, etc. The energy provided by these power sources can be simultaneously transferred into the load. The proposed multiple-input DC/DC converter has the advantages of simple configuration, fewer components, lower cost and high efficiency. The operating principle, theoretical analysis, and design criteria are provided in this paper. A laboratory prototype with two different power sources was successfully implemented and tested. The simulation and experimental results are given to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
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1,809
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Please write an abstract with title: Language-Agnostic Multilingual Modeling, and key words: Transducers, Speech recognition, Writing, Rendering (computer graphics), Data models, Acoustics, Speech processing. Abstract: Multilingual Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) systems allow for the joint training of data-rich and data-scarce languages in a single model. This enables data and parameter sharing across languages, which is especially beneficial for the data-scarce languages. However, most state-of-the-art multilingual models require the encoding of language information and therefore are not as flexible or scalable when expanding to newer languages. Language-independent multilingual models help to address this issue, and are also better suited for multicultural societies where several languages are frequently used together (but often rendered with different writing systems). In this paper, we propose a new approach to building a language-agnostic multilingual ASR system which transforms all languages to one writing system through a many-to-one transliteration transducer. Thus, similar sounding acoustics are mapped to a single, canonical target sequence of graphemes, effectively separating the modeling and rendering problems. We show with four Indic languages, namely, Hindi, Bengali, Tamil and Kannada, that the language-agnostic multilingual model achieves up to 10% relative reduction in Word Error Rate (WER) over a language-dependent multilingual model.
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1,810
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Please write an abstract with title: A Bayesian Approach for Modeling Reliability Growth, and key words: Bayes methods, Mathematical model, Reliability engineering, Planning, Estimation. Abstract: One challenge in reliability growth modeling is the estimation of initial failure intensities of the new design units under reliability growth testing. In existing literature, the failure intensities are usually estimated based expert knowledge and complexity and similarity analysis between new designs and mature existing product designs. Such estimations are mostly assumed to be fixed even though unknown. Likewise, the final projected reliability is estimated under a fixed growth rate according to the characteristics of the new design. Existing reliability growth models have not well incorporated the uncertainty in initial failure intensity estimation due to limited testing data of new design contents, and the uncertainty of growth rate determined by reliability improvement program effectiveness and manufacturing processes along with other supporting functions. This research proposes to model the initial failure intensity with probabilistic models such as gamma distributions, and the growth rate is modeled as a random effect in the log-log reliability growth model. Under such a modeling framework, both failure intensity and growth rate can be continuously updated as more testing and operations data become available. Such a Bayesian reliability growth modeling approach can deal with both uncertainties in failure rate and growth rate estimations.
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1,811
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Please write an abstract with title: Cryptography with information theoretic security, and key words: Cryptography, Information security, Power system security, Quantum computing, Computer graphics, Digital signatures, Protocols. Abstract: Summary form only given. We discuss information-theoretic methods to prove the security of cryptosystems. We study what is called, unconditionally secure (or information-theoretically secure) cryptographic schemes in search for a system that can provide long-term security and that does not impose limits on the adversary's computational power.
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1,812
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Please write an abstract with title: The Voltage Regulation of Boost Converters Using Dual Heuristic Programming, and key words: Voltage control, Programming, Biological neural networks, Switches, Inductors, Inverters, Mathematical model. Abstract: In this paper, a dual heuristic programming controller is proposed to control a boost converter. Conventional controllers such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) or proportional-integral (PI) are designed based on the linearized small-signal model near the operating point. Therefore, the performance of the controller during start-up, load change, or input voltage variation is not optimal since the system model changes by varying the operating point. The dual heuristic programming controller optimally controls the boost converter by following the approximate dynamic programming. The advantage of the DHP is that the neural network–based characteristic of the proposed controller enables boost converters to easily cope with large disturbances. A DHP with a well-trained critic and action networks can perform as an optimal controller for the boost converter. To compare the effectiveness of the traditional PI-based and the DHP boost converter, the simulation results are provided.
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1,813
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Please write an abstract with title: RPNDroid: Android Malware Detection using Ranked Permissions and Network Traffic, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Merging, Telecommunication traffic, Feature extraction, Market research, Malware, Security. Abstract: The number of malware attacks on the Android platform has escalated over the past few years. The seriousness of these attacks can be depicted from the fact that around 25 million Android smartphones were infected with malware within the first half of 2019. Keeping these threats in mind, we aim to develop a hybrid Android malware detector based on ranked permissions and network traffic features. In this work, first, we find the permissions that are frequently present in normal and malicious apps and rank the permissions based upon their frequency in normal and malware dataset. Additionally, we applied different support thresholds to remove the unnecessary and redundant permissions from the rankings. Further, we merge the ranked permissions with the network traffic features to form a hybrid vector for all the apps in the dataset. Finally, we propose a novel algorithm that applies machine learning algorithms on the hybrid vectors consisting of permissions and traffic features to detect Android malware. The experimental results demonstrate that by using the hybrid approach, we could achieve 95.96% detection accuracy with the proposed algorithm.
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1,814
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Please write an abstract with title: OFDM transmission with receiver windowing for improved interference rejection, and key words: Narrowband, Discrete Fourier transforms, Radio transmitters, Delay, Nonlinear distortion, Drives, Interference constraints, OFDM modulation, Bandwidth, Throughput. Abstract: Traditional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) offers only highly limited protection against narrowband interference. More specifically, any interferer whose frequency does not coincide with one of the subcarrier frequencies will spill its energy over a wide range of subchannels due to the strong side lobes inherent to ordinary discrete Fourier transform (DFT). In this paper, a receiver windowed OFDM system for better interference rejection is described. Applying a window function in the receiver will constrain the interferer energy to only a few bins, independently of its frequency, but will also affect the useful signal. To unravel the windowing effect on the data symbols, a proper pre-distortion structure is introduced in the transmitter. Simulation results are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach.
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1,815
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Please write an abstract with title: Variable MEMS capacitors implemented into RF filter systems, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Capacitors, Radio frequency, Filters, Tuning, Aluminum, Varactors, Silicon, Electrostatics, Thermal resistance. Abstract: A microelectromechanical systems analog tunable capacitor has been designed and fabricated for implementation into a two-pole UHF filter. Recent developments on the capacitor have improved the RF device performance significantly, and have resulted in improved UHF filter performance. In the 225-400-MHz range that this device is intended for, Q values are in excess of 100. In addition, an 8.4 : 1 tuning ratio has been achieved with continuous tuning over a 1.4 : 11.9-pF range. When implemented into a two-pole UHF filter, tuning over the entire 225-400-MHz range was achieved with a loss under 6.2 dB.
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1,816
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of adaptive evolutionary algorithm for low power design of CMOS digital circuits, and key words: Evolutionary computation, Algorithm design and analysis, CMOS digital integrated circuits, Digital circuits, Circuit testing, Benchmark testing, Throughput, High level synthesis, Scheduling algorithm, Switching circuits. Abstract: This paper introduces a high-level synthesis method, based on an adaptive evolutionary algorithm, that utilizes an 'as soon as possible' (ASAP) scheduling algorithm to reduce the switching power of CMOS circuits. Experimental verification of the algorithm has been performed for a set of test circuits chosen from ISCAS'85 and ISCAS'89 benchmarks, proving its efficiency. The obtained power consumption reduction varies for different benchmarks from 3 to 42 percent, without deteriorating the throughput of the whole system. Allowing deterioration of the throughput by 10 to 50 percent, the power reduction can be even larger (up to 52 percent).
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1,817
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Please write an abstract with title: Effects of Household Appliances Magnetic leakage on Health, and key words: Home appliances, Magnetic field measurement, Standards organizations, Electric variables measurement, Magnetic devices, Organizations, Hazards. Abstract: many organizations and scholars have rang the bell of warning for the effects of the electromagnetic fields that might be of a hazard on human wellbeing. Based on these concerns international organizations concerned with human health like the World health organization (WHO), the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as well as many other international bodies set standards to the limit of exposer to these fields generated by electrical and communication equipment. This paper presents the results of field measurements of the magnetic field leakage intensity that have been done on some of the electric house hold appliances that in daily use and associate the measured results with the internationally set limits. The obtained results from all the field tests in general were well below the standard set limits, where the range of the magnetic leakage was between 0.02 to 17.45 microtesla (µT).
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1,818
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Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of the Effects of Ink Pigmentation on Substrate Profiling for E-Textile Dispenser Printing, and key words: Printing, Measurement by laser beam, Surface emitting lasers, Ink, Displacement measurement, Pigments, Reliability engineering. Abstract: Dispenser printing is a useful technique in the development of e-textile devices. However it is limited by the requirement to maintain a gap of less than 200 µm below the printer’s nozzle, making it impractical on uneven substrates. Using a laser displacement meter to record and compensate for changes in substrate height can overcome this problem. However, the binders and inks used in e-textile primer layers are typically translucent or arbitrarily pigmented. This work investigates adding specific pigments to interface paste and shows that it can improve the laser measurements’ accuracy and reduce the percentage of printing errors by 80%.
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1,819
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Please write an abstract with title: Experimental and numerical investigation of pear-shaped antenna, and key words: Geometry, Antenna measurements, Dielectrics, Antenna feeds, Dipole antennas, Power cables, Prototypes, Resonance, Resonant frequency, Electromagnetic radiation. Abstract: A further investigation for the pear shaped metallic antenna covered with a thin dielectric layer is presented. Antenna radiation characteristics' dependence on its geometry and electromagnetic parameters has been studied. The prototype of such an antenna has been prepared and measurements have been conducted. The comparison between the numerical and experimental results is given.
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1,820
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Please write an abstract with title: Composite Momentum-based Observers for the Estimation of External Force on Robot Manipulators, and key words: Simulation, Force, Estimation, Observers, Manipulators, Robustness, Safety. Abstract: This paper investigates the estimation of external force on robot manipulators. The issue is of great importance for the safety of human-robot collaborative tasks and for the human-robot interactive tasks. However, the estimation of external force using model-based approach suffers from model uncertainties and disturbances. It also requires a quick estimate when detecting a collision. To satisfy both fast convergence and robustness, composite observers are newly proposed, which is composed of sliding mode observers and polynomial observers based on momentum state. Through their complementary roles, a composite observer achieves improved performance in safety and estimation. The simulation results show the effectiveness and validity of the proposed composite momentum-based observers.
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1,821
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Please write an abstract with title: Capturing Users Requirements Using a Data Mining Approach, and key words: Text mining, Software, Communications technology, Software product lines, Delays, Stakeholders, Requirements engineering. Abstract: In success or failure of software project, software requirements plays a critical role. Requirement engineering is a human intensive process so the chances of errors, and failure to elicit and specify the right requirements, are more. The software practitioners have to be cautious about what is actually required by the stakeholders and elicit only those features and functionalities rather than some features that may look good but are impractical, and may lead to project failure or timeline delays, without adding much value to the project. In this paper, we introduced a data mining approach to capture user’s requirement for a generic software project, which in our case, was a campus management system (CMS). Initially, we started with a set of Software Requirement Specification (SRS) documents for similar type of projects done before and we extracted the most frequently appearing requirements which would potentially be the ‘Needs’ of the stakeholders, using text mining technique. After that, the low frequency requirements were extracted which could potentially be the ‘Wants’ of some particular stakeholder. Later on, we applied association rule mining to find out links between multiple requirements that led us to the requirement that frequently appeared together, as such links can be useful in identifying requirement dependencies and specification of further requirements. In order to validate the extracted requirements, elicitation sessions in the form of interviews and questionnaires were held with the potential stakeholders of the project and the results of the comparison between the extracted and elicited requirements are discussed at the end of this paper.
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1,822
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Please write an abstract with title: QRnet: Optimal Regulator Design With LQR-Augmented Neural Networks, and key words: Artificial neural networks, Mathematical model, Regulators, Optimal control, Trajectory, Nonlinear systems. Abstract: In this letter we propose a new computational method for designing optimal regulators for high-dimensional nonlinear systems. The proposed approach leverages physics-informed machine learning to solve high-dimensional Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations arising in optimal feedback control. Concretely, we augment linear quadratic regulators with neural networks to handle nonlinearities. We train the augmented models on data generated without discretizing the state space, enabling application to high-dimensional problems. We use the proposed method to design a candidate optimal regulator for an unstable Burgers' equation, and through this example, demonstrate improved robustness and accuracy compared to existing neural network formulations.
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1,823
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Please write an abstract with title: A LV Islanded Microgrid with Controlled Voltage and Frequency Fluctuations for Rural Area, and key words: Low voltage, Microgrids, Mathematical model, Voltage control, Standards, Frequency control, Load modeling. Abstract: In this paper, low voltage PV based AC islanded micro-grid is modeled and analyzed to meet the electrical load commonly used in rural areas of Bangladesh. Droop control strategy is applied for power-sharing between distributed generation units. The proposed model has been simulated using MATLAB/Simulink to test its effectiveness. IEC 60038 voltage standard for low voltage grid of 230±10% and Bangladesh energy regulatory commission's frequency standard of 50 ± 1 Hz have been attained by the proposed model at its maximum capacity with the dynamic load being connected. Characteristics of dynamic load at every point of analysis obtained functional. The Voltage-frequency profile of the proposed microgrid has been found healthier to national grid. Load sharing between distributed generation units and their response to the faulty as well as load changing events have been noticed satisfactory.
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1,824
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Please write an abstract with title: ULF emission induced by tension and shear cracks, and key words: Integral equations, Electromagnetic fields, Seismic waves, Magnetic fields, Magnetic domains, Physics, Geomagnetism, Magnetic analysis, Frequency, Earthquakes. Abstract: Penetration of low-frequency waves through a conductive medium due to the inductive seismo-electromagnetic effect is considered by a double-potential method. The source of electromagnetic waves induced by the movement of a conductive medium in a geomagnetic field is produced by tension and shear cracks. The analytical solution for tension cracks is obtained. The system of equations describing this process in the case of shear cracks in spherical coordinates is reduced to a two dimensional nonstationary system, which is solved by a second order algorithm that conserves some integral properties of the initial equations. Results are discussed.
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1,825
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Please write an abstract with title: Grouping WWW Image Search Results by Novel Inhomogeneous Clustering Method, and key words: World Wide Web, Clustering methods, Clustering algorithms, Search engines, Web pages, Asia, Digital images, Internet, Image databases, Indexes. Abstract: In this paper, a novel inhomogeneous clustering method is proposed for grouping web images. It is used to re-organize the search result of web image search engines into a hierarchical structure so that the users can conveniently browse the search result. This method takes into account various features associated with web images, and treats them in different ways. For the surrounding text extracted from the containing web pages, co-clustering approach is adopted; for low-level features of the image content and other features, one-way clustering approach is adopted. The clustering results of different approaches are combined together to produce the final image groups. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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1,826
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Please write an abstract with title: Discharge phenomenon in a high-intensity acoustic standing wave field, and key words: Acoustic waves, Electrodes, Corona, Sparks, Glow discharges, Electron tubes, Frequency, Voltage, Pressure measurement, Acoustic propagation. Abstract: Some kinds of gas discharge, such as bridged-over corona discharge, intermittent spark discharge, and high-pressure glow discharge were produced in an acoustic tube and a high-intensity standing sound wave at an acoustic frequency of 660 Hz was also irradiated in the tube. The discharge produced in such high-intensity acoustic wave fields shows diverse and unique behaviors. The luminous part spreads wider due to the vibration of the gaseous medium. Moreover, the discharge mode is changed by the sound wave irradiations. In this paper, images of the discharge produced in high-intensity acoustic wave fields are described.
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1,827
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Please write an abstract with title: Measurement-based characterization method for integrated power electronics modules, and key words: Power measurement, Power electronics, Semiconductor device noise, Electromagnetic interference, Parasitic capacitance, Magnetic noise, Electrical resistance measurement, Frequency, Electronics packaging, Delta modulation. Abstract: A measurement-based method for high frequency characterization of active integrated power electronics modules (IPEMs) is proposed. Parasitic inductances and capacitances inside the IPEM can all be extracted using this method without breaking the structure. The linearized model includes effects of the nonlinear frequency dependencies of resistances and inductances, the structural capacitances and any ground planes. Extracted parameters are compared to those from commercial software and the results are in good agreement. A parallel resonance method is proposed for the characterization of common-mode capacitances.
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1,828
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Please write an abstract with title: A case-based reinforcement learning for probe robot path planning, and key words: Learning, Probes, Path planning, Intelligent robots, Robotics and automation. Abstract: This paper discusses the application of case-based learning for probe robot path planning in unknown environments. Case-based learning which makes use of past experience, is an incremental learning process. This paper proposes an algorithm of introducing reinforcement learning to case-based-reasoning, which makes full use of knowledge acquired by reinforcement learning to construct and extend the case-library. This method can enhance the adaptability of robot to unknown environments and solve the problem of case acquiring as well as poor real-time performance, high learning risk of reinforcement learning. Also, with the forget-rule, case-library can be updated in time so that efficiency of case searching and learning is increased. As the learning progressing and the case-library dynamically updated, robot's intelligence has been greatly improved. A simulation shows the validity and feasibility of this method.
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1,829
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Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Real-Time Implementation of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Controller, and key words: component, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Fuzzy logic, Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Controller, intelligent control, Lab VIEW. Abstract: An adaptive neural network-based control method is highly effective for controlling complex systems with various operating situations since it can adapt and train its control strategy to compensate for changes in the system's behavior. The backpropagation algorithm is utilized to optimize the neural controller values and reach the desired system reference. Compared to other neural control methods, the proposed neuro-fuzzy controller's learning algorithm has a quick response time, making it suitable for a wide range of real-world applications that require ANNs. Fuzzy rules can be established to improve the adaptability and performance of a neural controller by optimizing its decisions and taking into account various factors such as data and desired outcomes. Furthermore, these fuzzy rules can help determine the optimal momentum and learning rate values for a given problem. The proposed method has been executed using LabViewprogram and validated in practical through a research lab actuation control structure, demonstrating that optimizing the neuro-fuzzy controller with optimal parameters of the neural network model leads to improved control and faster response times in nonlinear controller systems.
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1,830
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Please write an abstract with title: Stability analysis and assessment of integrated power systems using RTDS, and key words: Stability analysis, Power system analysis computing, Power system stability, Power system simulation, Power system modeling, Mathematical model, Analytical models, Algorithm design and analysis, MATLAB, State-space methods. Abstract: Stability is naturally desirable during integrated power system (IPS) operation. A methodology is proposed to analyze and assess IPS stability. Detailed IPS models are simulated on an RTDS real-time simulator and can be completed within a reasonable time frame with the large number of parallel processors on the RTDS. When a system becomes physically unstable, divergent or sustained oscillations appear in the system response after it is disturbed. The stability of the system then is determined by analyzing oscillation modes in the system response using Prony analysis. Based on results from detailed simulation and Prony analysis, an algorithm is developed for the automated approximate detection of stability boundaries. The algorithm is realized in the environment of the RTDS script language and MATLAB. The effectiveness of the automated detection of stability boundaries is demonstrated on a one-machine-infinite-bus (OMIB) system. In a further case study, the stability of an example IPS with different magnitudes of pulsed load switched into the system is studied. The maximum allowable pulse magnitude for a stable system is found as the stability boundary of the IPS. The phase portrait of the system with the maximum allowable pulsed load shows periodic traversals in state space. The periodic traversals plot limit cycles and thus the stability boundary of the example system.
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1,831
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Please write an abstract with title: Searching for similar binary code based on the influence of basic block vertex, and key words: Measurement, Matched filters, Information science, Binary codes, Search problems, Security, Flow graphs. Abstract: Binary code similarity detection (BCSD) has many security applications and has attracted a lot of focus. But existing solutions for BCSD problems mainly focus on comparing the similarity between two binary functions and what need to be compared is not always a pair of equal-size binary programs. To solve the problem of searching similar binary code for a small size program in a large size program, in this manuscript, we propose a searching method based on the influence of basic block vertex. Firstly, we formalize the similar code searching problem as a subgraph matching problem and extract the attributed control flow graphs (ACFGs) of the binary programs. Then, we propose a novel metrics to measure the influence of each basic block vertex in query ACFGs and choose the vertex with the largest influence value as the central node. Next, we take the matching nodes of the central node in target ACFG as seed nodes and extending each candidate sub-area from the seed nodes. At last, these candidate sub-areas are further filtered and similar subgraphs are verified in these sub-areas. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can find similar binary code efficiently.
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1,832
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Please write an abstract with title: Renovation of EdgeCloudSim: An Efficient Discrete-Event Approach, and key words: Cloud computing, Runtime, Multi-access edge computing, Statistical analysis, Computational modeling, Scalability, Real-time systems. Abstract: Due to the growing popularity of the Internet of Things, edge computing concept has been widely studied to relieve the load on the original cloud and networks while improving the service quality for end-users. To simulate such a complex environment involving edge and cloud computing, EdgeCloudSim has been widely adopted. However, it suffers from certain efficiency and scalability issues due to the ignorance of the deficiency in the originally adopted data structures and maintenance strategies. Specifically, it generates all events at beginning of the simulation and stores unnecessary historical information, both result in unnecessarily high complexity for search operations. In this work, by fixing the mismatches on the concept of discrete-event simulation, we propose enhancement of EdgeCloudSim which improves not only the runtime efficiency of simulation, but also the flexibility and scalability. Through extensive experiments with statistical methods, we show that the enhancement does not affect the expressiveness of simulations while obtaining 2 orders of magnitude speedup, especially when the device count is large.
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1,833
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Please write an abstract with title: Morphological and statistical approaches to improve detection in the presence of reverberation, and key words: Reverberation, Sonar detection, Detectors, Signal processing algorithms, Filters, Object detection, Image processing, Robustness, Signal processing, Delay estimation. Abstract: The detection of a target echo in a sonar image is usually a difficult task since the reverberation, consisting of a large number of spurious echoes, generates a lot of false alarms. In this paper, we propose two new detectors derived from image processing algorithms. These detectors are respectively based on a morphological and a statistical contrast. Each detector only requires setting a few parameters. This setting is done using some prior knowledge about the data (shape of the emitted signal and the used antenna, characteristics of the reverberation). Nevertheless, an extensive statistical study of the detection performances proves that the proposed methods are robust and that even an imprecise setting of the parameters leads to satisfactory results. Applied to the real data, these detectors and their sequential combination lead to a significant improvement on the performances: The false alarm rate is drastically reduced while the detection probability is preserved. Based on different contrasts, these detectors have complementary behaviors. Therefore, a further improvement is achieved by a fusion of the different results to classify the remaining echoes as whether spurious or true detection.
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1,834
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Please write an abstract with title: A comparative study of different feature extraction techniques for identifying COVID-19 patients using chest X-rays images, and key words: Feature extraction, COVID-19, Support vector machines, X-rays, Radio frequency, Measurement, Histograms. Abstract: The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has been labeled as a pandemic with no assured vaccine and drug till now. Many medical trials are going on for finding treatment against this disease and some have achieved success but reaching out to all stakeholders is strenuous. A quick and proper identification through testing of a COVID-19 patient is equally important to prevent the spread of the virus to other healthy patients. Thus, a comparative study of different feature extraction techniques for identifying COVID-19 patients using chest X-rays images is done in this work. The combination of local binary patterns features extraction technique and gradient boosting classifier performs the best with 94.453% accuracy as compared to other approaches. So, this work will be of great help in the screening of COVID-19 and also contribute to the healthcare system to fight against it.
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1,835
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Please write an abstract with title: Distance and Similarity Measures for Neutrosophic HyperSoft Set (NHSS) With Construction of NHSS-TOPSIS and Applications, and key words: Fuzzy sets, Decision making, Uncertainty, Security, Measurement uncertainty, Aggregates. Abstract: Neutrosophic HyperSoft Set (NHSS) is a new approach towards computational intelligence and decision making under uncertainty. In this paper, we first consider distances for NHSS, and then propose similarity measures for NHSS. We also consider aggregated operation for aggregating NHSS decision matrix. TOPSIS (Technique for the order preference by similarity to ideal solution) is a strong approach for multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) which has been studied under various extensions of fuzzy sets. These approaches have drawbacks in depicting fuzzy decision-making information for handling MCDM situations under NHSS environment. To efficiently and accurately express fuzzy attribute values provided by decision-makers (DMs), we construct the TOPSIS based on the proposed distances and similarity measures of NHSS, called NHSS-TOPSIS. The proposed NHSS-TOPSIS provides the weights of DMs by utilizing similarity measures dependent on Hamming distance. We then aggregate the opinions of decision-makers using the proposed aggregated operation. Utilizing the relative closeness coefficient, we select the most ideal alternative in the proposed NHSS-TOPSIS procedures. To exhibit the relevance and adequacy of the proposed NHSS-TOPSIS, we apply it in a medical diagnosis and an optimal selection for the sustainable green security system. The proposed method reveals that the hypersoft set with the neutrosophic set theory can be very helpful to construct a connection between alternatives and attributes. It demonstrates that the proposed method is effective and useful in real applications.
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1,836
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Please write an abstract with title: Extraction of Statistical Gate Oxide Parameters From Large MOSFET Arrays, and key words: Logic gates, Stress, Current measurement, Materials reliability, Stress measurement, Voltage measurement, Degradation. Abstract: In modern MOS technologies continuous scaling of the geometry of transistors has led to an increase of the variability between nominally identical devices. To study the variability and reliability of such devices, a statistically significant number of samples needs to be tested. In this work we present a characterization study of defects causing BTI and RTN, performed on custom built arrays consisting of thousands of nanoscale devices. In such nanoscale devices, variability and reliability issues are typically analyzed for individual defects. However, the large number of measurements needed to extract statistically meaningful results make this approach infeasible. To analyze the large set of measurement data, we employ statistical distributions of the threshold voltage shifts arising from defects that capture and emit charge. This allows us to extract defect statistics using a defect-centric approach. Defect distributions are characterized for various gate, drain and bulk biases, and for two geometries to verify the methodology and to obtain statistics suitable for TCAD modeling and lifetime estimation. With the TCAD models we extrapolate the observed degradation of the devices. Finally, we investigate the influence of bulk and drain stress biases on the defects and observe that the impact of bulk bias on the device degradation is similar to that of the gate bias. In contrast, drain stress with drain biases up to -0.45V appears to be negligible for the investigated technology. Our measurements also clearly reveal that the overall BTI degradation is heavily dependent on the gate-bulk stress bias, while the extracted number of RTN defects seems to be independent on stress.
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1,837
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Please write an abstract with title: A self-stabilizing directed diffusion protocol for sensor networks, and key words: Protocols, Telecommunication network reliability, Sensor systems, Network topology, Wireless sensor networks, Computer science, Back, Optical sensors, Infrared sensors, Intrusion detection. Abstract: We design a self-stabilizing communication protocol in a sensor network, based on the directed diffusion method [1]. A request for data from an initiator node is broadcast in the network, and the positive answers from the sensors are forwarded back to the initiator (following a Shortest-Path- Tree (SPT) construction rooted at the initiator.) The sensor nodes, starting from an arbitrary state and following our protocol, establish reliable communication in the network in a finite number of steps. Any number of initiators and any number of different requests at a time per initiator are allowed, but we limit the number of entries in the interest cache as the memory of a sensor node is limited.
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1,838
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Please write an abstract with title: Mathematical model for calculation of the dielectric resonator characteristics, and key words: Mathematical model, Equations, IEEE catalog, Impedance, Fluctuations, Dielectric losses, Telecommunications, Electronic mail, Electrodynamics, Boundary conditions. Abstract: An electrodynamics model of a dielectric resonator presented in this paper is based on application of impedance boundary conditions. The method of accounting for dielectric resonator characteristics is proposed.
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1,839
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Please write an abstract with title: Evolution of High-Temperature and Low-Temperature High Strain Rate Properties for SAC-R after Sustained Exposure to 50°C, and key words: Temperature measurement, Degradation, Temperature distribution, Biological system modeling, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Aging. Abstract: Electronic parts in military, automotive, avionics and space applications may be subjected to sustained operation at high temperature in addition to high strain-rate loads. Parts may be stored in non-climate-controlled enclosures prior to deployment. Earlier studies on undoped SAC alloys have shown that the material properties evolve after prolonged period of storage at even modest temperatures. In order to mitigate the aging effects, a number of alloy formulation have been proposed. Data of the mechanical properties of lead-free solder alloys which is used for interconnection in the electronic packaging at high strain rates and at high storage temperature is very essential for design optimization of electronic package sustainability at extreme temperature environment because the SAC solders have shown to have degradation in mechanical properties at prolonged exposure to storage temperature. Industries have come up with a solution to reduce the degradation using dopants in SAC solder. In this study, a doped SAC solder called SAC-R (Ecolloy) has been subjected to high strain rate testing after keeping them in storage at temperature of 50°C for 1 - 8months. Samples with no aging and aged samples for up to 8-months have been subjected to uniaxial tensile tests to measure the mechanical properties of SAC-R for High and Low operating temperature ranging from -65°C to 200°C. The material data has been used to compute the constants for the Anand Visco-Plasticity model. The ability of the model to represent the material constitutive behavior has been quantified by comparing the model predictions of the uniaxial tensile test with the experimental data
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1,840
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Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of the Hiding-Countermeasure PRINCE Using Differential Power Analysis, and key words: Resistance, Power demand, Ciphers, Encryption, Correlation. Abstract: Lightweight block ciphers have been proposed as encryption processing for small devices. For a typical lightweight cryptographic PRINCE, hiding countermeasure for power analysis attacks has been reported. However, this countermeasure method evaluates the tamper resistance of only one kind of power analysis attacks. Therefore, this study applies other power analysis attacks to the countermeasure to evaluate the tamper resistance. From evaluation experiments, this study clarifies that WDDL-PRINCE has high tamper resistance not only to CPA but also to DPA.
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1,841
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Please write an abstract with title: The Sea-Level Changes in Hong Kong From Tide-Gauge Records and Remote Sensing Observations Over the Last Seven Decades, and key words: Sea level, Sea measurements, Tides, Rivers, Altimetry, Sociology, Global Positioning System. Abstract: The importance of studying the sea-level change (SLC) in Hong Kong (HK) is emphasized by factors related to high population density, intensive urban, and industrial development, particularly along the coast that involves a considerable landreclamation. To address this issue, we investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of SLC in the HK territories by analyzing tide-gauge (TG) records collected from 1954 to 2019 and satellite-altimetry (SA) data from 1993 to 2019. The application of the ocean-tide and inverted barometer corrections to TG data substantially decreased uncertaintie by achieving a submillimeter accuracy. The SLC rates detected at six TG stations vary significantly even within this relatively small coastline. According to our estimates, the annual rates vary between 0.32 ± 0.51 and 4.19 ± 0.46 mm/yr from 1997 to 2019. These large differences are related to different patterns of ocean currents and the freshwater discharge in the Pearl River Estuary. The empirical orthogonal function analysis confirms the expected increasing rising in SLC with two anomalous periods during 2002-2003 and 2015-2016 that are likely attributed to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). SLCs are positively correlated with the ENSO index and ENSO precedes several months (normally 5 months) the interannual SLC. The analysis of the GPS trends reveals a prevailing subsidence in the HK territories, which aggravates the relative SLC estimates. Between 1997 and 2019, the absolute sea level raised at the annual rate of 3.17 ± 1.56 mm/yr (when using the GPS+TG) and 2.88 ± 0.59 mm/yr (when using SA observations).
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1,842
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Please write an abstract with title: Systematic linearity analysis of RFICs using a two-port lumped-nonlinear-source model, and key words: Linearity, Radiofrequency integrated circuits, Harmonic analysis, Frequency domain analysis, Radio frequency, Impedance, Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, Analytical models, Circuit simulation. Abstract: A frequency-domain lumped-nonlinear-source behavioral model is presented. This generalized two-port nonlinear model is used to characterize the linearity of either RF devices or circuits. Similar to two-port ac behavioral models (i.e., using S-, Y-, Z-, or H-parameters), this nonlinear model supports combinations such as shunt, series, and cascade, and thus is suitable for systematic analysis. This model is then applied to analyze the impact of harmonic impedance on the second-order intermodulation and third-order intermodulation of a state-of-the-art SiGe HBTs and circuits. Simple and general linearity expressions are then derived. Harmonic load-pull simulations and measurements are used to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed analysis technique.
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1,843
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Please write an abstract with title: A Dual-Branch Self-attention Method for Mobile Malware Detection via Network Traffic, and key words: Deep learning, Privacy, Tensors, Biological system modeling, Neural networks, Telecommunication traffic, Feature extraction. Abstract: The desperate increase of mobile malware has constituted a severe threat to user privacy, economic life, and cyberspace security. Existing anti-malware solutions have no-ticeable weaknesses due to the adoption of content analysis-based approaches. The main limitation of these approaches is that they rely on careful expert engineering and professional handcrafted input features. Some researchers have tried to solve this limitation by using deep learning models to automatically learn feature representations from raw traffic. In this paper, we explore a deep learning detection framework based on self-attention to discriminate between malicious and benign network traffic. As a major advantage with respect to the state-of-the-art methods, we point out that the attention mechanism can better learn the underlying features of malicious traffic in terms of flows and bytes. We design a dual-branch deep learning method that consists of a flow importance-discrimination branch and a byte importance-discrimination branch. The flow importance-discrimination branch calculates the attentions between flows to obtain the feature contributions of different flows, and the byte importance-discrimination branch builds the feature contributions of diverse bytes by considering the connections among all bytes of network payload. Both flow features and byte features are combined to enhance the representation ability of network traffic behaviors generated by mobile applications (apps). We evaluate proposed method using a publicly available dataset including 55,992 malicious traffic traces and 47,779 benign traffic traces. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to identify malicious apps with high accuracy, outperforming the baseline methods and the popular deep-learning models.
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1,844
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling the blocking probabilities of crosstalk-free optical MINs with vertical stacking, and key words: Stacking, Optical crosstalk, High speed optical techniques, Optical fiber networks, Hardware, Optical waveguides, Optical switches, Costs, Switching systems, Analytical models. Abstract: Vertical stacking is a novel technique for creating nonblocking optical multistage interconnection networks (MINs). Available results indicate that under the crosstalk-free constraint, the hardware cost will be high for a strictly nonblocking banyan-type optical MIN built on the vertical stacking scheme. We study the blocking behaviors of this class of optical MINs from the probabilistic viewpoint, and establish an upper-bound and a lower-bound on the blocking probabilities under the crosstalk-free constraint. These bounds reveal the inherent relationship between the blocking probability and network cost in terms of the number of vertically stacked planes, and show quantitatively with a predictable quality of service (nonblocking probability) guarantee the trade-offs between blocking probability and hardware cost.
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1,845
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Please write an abstract with title: FDispatcher: Using Flow Director to Accelerate NFV Packet Dispatching, and key words: Concurrent computing, Information science, Costs, Load management, Throughput, Middleboxes, Dispatching. Abstract: Packet dispatching forwards arrival traffic from the network interface card (NIC) to the virtual network functions (VNFs) in each server in network function vir-tualization (NFV) platforms and has been recognized as a fundamental problem. Traditionally, the dispatching has been CPU-intensive, while existing offloading approaches rely on expensive software-defined network (SDN) switches or Smart-NICs. Our paper proposes FDispatcher, an NFV framework that leverages the Flow Director (FDir) feature on the inexpensive off-the-shelf NICs, to bind flows with destination VNFs for CPU-bypassed packet dispatching. However, the number of bindings that FDir supports is far less than the flow concurrency that an NFV middlebox handles. We divide packet dispatching into FDir-assisted fast path and software-based slow path, and then enable fast-path flows monitoring, reduce FDir reconfiguration overhead, and eliminate potential heavy I/O during scaling. FDispatcher improves packet dispatching throughput by 1.6x~2.8x with a 38x driver efficiency and costs no more than 2 ms for load balancing during scaling.
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1,846
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Please write an abstract with title: Packet loss recovery for RTP-based transmission of JPEG2000 images enabling backward compatibility with standard decoder, and key words: Propagation losses, Decoding, Transform coding, Image coding, Protection, Internet, Pixel, Image quality, Image reconstruction, Image segmentation. Abstract: This paper deals with a packet loss recovery technique that enables backward compatibility with a standard decoder for transmission of JPEG2000 images over the Internet using RTP. The proposed scheme utilizes packet-level FEC, the JPEG2000 layered structure, and a data embedding technique. Prior to transmission, packets containing some portions of compressed data that related to a predetermined compression rate (bits/pixels) or acceptable image quality, are strongly protected using FEC across packets. At the receiver, the redundant packets are utilized to reconstruct any lost packets of the protected data. With a slight modification in the SOT marker segment of the codestream and careful placement of the redundant packets, the generated codestream is complaint with the standard decoder. Simulations using RTP in an IP network transmission confirmed the proposal's effectiveness.
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1,847
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and verification of single event transients in deep submicron technologies, and key words: Circuit testing, Cranes, Circuit simulation, Discrete event simulation, Pulse inverters, Predictive models, Photoconductivity, Shift registers, Pulse circuits, SPICE. Abstract: Digital single event transients (DSETs) are becoming an increasing concern for deep submicron ICs. As device feature sizes shrink, digital circuits become faster, have smaller parasitics, and become more susceptible to single event effects (SEEs). If an ionizing particle creates enough charge to be collected on a node within a combinatorial gate, a transient pulse will be formed that may propagate through the circuit and be latched in as bad data. In order to predict the response of a circuit to a single event, people have long used circuit and device level simulations. In this paper, we show that when dealing with deep submicron technologies, knowing the pulse structure of the transient is crucial to predicting its propagation distance accurately.
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1,848
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Please write an abstract with title: Material Fracture Life Prediction Under High Temperature Creep Conditions Using Support Vector Machines And Artificial Neural Networks Techniques, and key words: Support vector machines, Resistance, Analytical models, Creep, Decision making, Artificial neural networks, Predictive models. Abstract: One of the most applied materials to manufacture critical components in power plants are martensitic steels due to their high creep and oxidation resistance. In this work, the fracture life of martensitic steels that are designed based on the P92 standard is modeled in order to better understand the relation between its service life and its composition and its thermal treatment. This feature is usually studied by performing creep tests, although carrying out tests of this type are really cost and time consuming. To solve this problem, a multivariate analysis and a training-testing model methodology were performed using a dataset formed by 344 creep tests with the final goal of obtaining a model to predict the fracture life of the material based on several nonlinear techniques like support vector machines and artificial neural networks. Once the models were defined based on predicting with the better generalization capability to cover the whole scenario of the problem, those were compared to determine which one was the most accurate among them. Finally, it was concluded that the model’s performance using the proposed methodology based on artificial neural networks got the most accurate results, achieving low errors of approximately 6.14% when predicting creep behavior under long service times.
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1,849
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Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Robust Constraint Following Control for Omnidirectional Mobile Robot: An Indirect Approach, and key words: Mobile robots, Robots, Wheels, Robot kinematics, Uncertainty, Force, Trajectory. Abstract: The tracking performance of mobile robot is often affected by uncertainties from the deviation of initial conditions, external disturbances and varying loads, etc. An Udwadia-Kalaba based adaptive robust control is proposed for the trajectory tracking of an omnidirectional mobile robot in the presence of uncertainties. The proposed control includes nominal control part based on Udwadia-Kalaba theory and adaptive robust control part. The desired trajectory is considered as a virtual servo constraint applied to the robot system and converted into the second order standard form. So that the analytical form of constraint force could be obtained via Udwadia-Kalaba Fundamental Equation (UKFE). The system will precisely obey the given constraint (i.e., the desired trajectory) under the obtained constraint force in ideal cases. No auxiliary variables are required and it is effective whether the constraints are holonomic or nonholonomic. The designed adaptive law is in leakage type and the adaptive parameters are adjusted according to the performance of the system in order to compensate for the effect caused by uncertainty in the system. No extra information of uncertainty is needed except for the existence of uncertainty bound. Comparing with PID control, it can be found that the proposed control has better performance and can realize higher precision trajectory tracking control.
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1,850
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Please write an abstract with title: Data Collection of IoT Devices Using an Energy-Constrained UAV, and key words: Sensors, Data collection, Aggregates, Approximation algorithms, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Monitoring, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: In this paper, we study sensing data collection from IoT devices in a wireless sensor network, using an energy-constrained Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), where the sensory data is stored in IoT devices while the IoT devices may or may not be within the transmission range of each other. We formulate two novel data collection problems to fully or partially collect data from IoT devices using the UAV, by finding a closed tour for the UAV that includes hovering locations and the sojourn duration at each of the hovering locations such that the accumulative volume of data collected is maximized, subject to the energy capacity on the UAV, where the UAV consumes its energy on both hovering and flying from one hovering location to another hovering location. To this end, we first propose a novel data collection framework that enables the UAV to collect the sensory data from multiple IoT devices simultaneously if the IoT devices are within the hovering coverage range of the UAV. We then formulate two data collection maximization problems, and show that both of the problems are NP-hard. We instead devise efficient approximation and heuristic algorithms for the problems. We finally evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms through experimental simulations. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithms are promising.
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1,851
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Wireless Power Transmission in Coal Mine Based on Explosion-Proof Safety, and key words: Technical requirements, Wireless communication, Inductive charging, Electromagnetic scattering, Electromagnetic radiation, Safety, Coal mining. Abstract: Coal mine wireless power transmission lacks relevant safety technical requirements and detection methods. In order to solve this problem, this paper researchs on the safety distance, thermal energy, charging protection and safety control strategy of wireless charging, and carries out theoretical calculation and experimental research on radio frequency electromagnetic wave explosion-proof. The experimental results show that the leakage of electromagnetic radiation of intrinsically safe wireless charging equipment is far less than the standard limit.
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1,852
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on transmission line trip prediction based on logistic regression algorithm under icing condition, and key words: Training, Analytical models, Power transmission lines, Data preprocessing, Process control, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: The number of transmission line trip accidents caused by icing is increasing year by year. In order to ensure the safety of power grid and reduce the equipment damage caused by icing, this paper studies the prediction of transmission line trip probability under icing condition, and proposes a prediction model of icing trip based on logistic regression algorithm, which mainly includes feature extraction, model construction and prediction test. Firstly, the data mining method is used to preprocess the data and obtain the effective data as the input features of the model. Then, the logistic algorithm is used to build the prediction model to realize the transmission line icing trip prediction, which provides reference information for the actual line safety operation and maintenance.
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1,853
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Please write an abstract with title: Data-Intensive Computing Modules for Teaching Parallel and Distributed Computing, and key words: Handheld computers, Message passing, Linux, High performance computing, Education, Sociology, Database systems. Abstract: Parallel and distributed computing (PDC) has found a broad audience that exceeds the traditional fields of computer science. This is largely due to the increasing computational demands of many engineering and domain science research objectives. Thus, there is a demonstrated need to train students with and without computer science backgrounds in core PDC concepts. Given the rise of data science and other data-enabled computational fields, we propose several data-intensive pedagogic modules that are used to teach PDC using message-passing programming with the Message Passing Interface (MPI). These modules employ activities that are common in database systems and scientific workflows that are likely to be employed by domain scientists. Our hypothesis is that using application-driven pedagogic materials facilitates student learning by providing the context needed to fully appreciate the goals of the activities.We evaluated the efficacy of using the data-intensive pedagogic modules to teach core PDC concepts using a sample of graduate students enrolled in a high performance computing course at Northern Arizona University. In the sample, only 30% of students have a traditional computer science background. We found that the hands-on application-driven approach was generally successful at helping students learn core PDC concepts.
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1,854
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Please write an abstract with title: A Hamilton–Jacobi Formulation for Optimal Coordination of Heterogeneous Multiple Vehicle Systems, and key words: Viscosity, Space vehicles, Sufficient conditions, Trajectory planning, Trajectory, Mathematical model, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: We present a method for optimal coordination of multiple vehicle teams when multiple endpoint configurations are equally desirable, such as seen in the autonomous assembly of formation flight. The individual vehicles’ positions in the formation are not assigned a priori and a key challenge is to find the optimal configuration assignment along with the optimal control and trajectory. Commonly, assignment and trajectory planning problems are solved separately. We introduce a new multi-vehicle coordination paradigm, where the optimal goal assignment and optimal vehicle trajectories are found simultaneously from a viscosity solution of a single Hamilton–Jacobi (HJ) partial differential equation (PDE), which provides a necessary and sufficient condition for global optimality. Intrinsic in this approach is that individual vehicle dynamic models need not be the same, and therefore can be applied to heterogeneous systems. Numerical methods to solve the HJ equation have historically relied on a discrete grid of the solution space and exhibits exponential scaling with system dimension, preventing their applicability to multiple vehicle systems. By utilizing a generalization of the Hopf formula, we avoid the use of grids and present a method that exhibits polynomial scaling in the number of vehicles.
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1,855
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-dimensional harmonic estimation using K-D RARE in application to MIMO channel estimation, and key words: MIMO, Channel estimation, Direction of arrival estimation, Frequency estimation, Yield estimation, Parameter estimation, Delay estimation, Design optimization, Information retrieval, Multidimensional systems. Abstract: In this paper, a new approach to the multi-dimensional harmonic retrieval problem is proposed. The novel method is based on a multi-dimensional extension of the Rank Reduction Estimator (RARE), originally developed for DOA estimation in partly calibrated arrays. In the K-D RARE algorithm the frequency parameters in the various dimensions are sequentially estimated. The dimensionality of the estimation problem and therefore the computational load of the optimization procedure is successively reduced exploiting the rich multidimensional structure of the estimation problem. This important property yields various benefits like high estimation performance, weak identifiability conditions and automatically associated parameter estimates. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated with the example of MIMO communication channel estimation based on the double-directional channel model. Numerical examples based on simulated and measured data recorded from the RUSK vector channel sounder at 2 GHz are presented.
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1,856
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Please write an abstract with title: Water Quality Estimation using Computer Vision in UAV, and key words: Computer vision, Image color analysis, Computational modeling, Water pollution, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Sensors, Water resources. Abstract: The color change of water in a water body is often a tell - tale sign of its health. To counter the sources of water pollution an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is deployed over a water body which reports back any discrepancies by channeling the feed through Computer Vision based model. This allows for rapid steps to be taken by the Concerned Authorities to mitigate the current situation. Algae formation, floating impurities and color change of the water body are the scope of the project and each of these are detected with an independent Machine Learning Models. The UAV communicates and sends results based on the accuracy of these models.
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1,857
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Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent and QoE-aware Open Radio Access Networks, and key words: Analytical models, Technological innovation, Architecture, Wireless networks, Catalysts, Quality of experience, Optimization. Abstract: The open radio access network (O-RAN) concept refers to the architectural design of next generation RAN that is built on the principles of openness and intelligence. This paper presents an overview of the concept of O-RAN, by analyzing its architecture and examining its main building blocks. Moreover, it highlights the significance of quality of experience (QoE) for the envisioned future wireless networks, and analyzes the importance of integrating QoE-awareness in O-RAN’s design. Furthermore, it provides an analysis of the methodology of embedding artificial intelligence models in O-RAN’s architecture with the form of xApps.
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1,858
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Evaluation Model of Distribution Network Energy Saving Reconstruction, and key words: distribution network, energy saving, economy. Abstract: In recent years, the energy-saving transformation of the distribution network has been an important measure for power grids to save energy and reduce losses. The energy-saving transformation of the distribution network is mainly related to line structure transformation, line parameters, transformer parameters, reactive power compensation strategies, line load fluctuations and actual operating conditions. Each influencing factor can propose an energy-saving retrofit measure, and the energy saving and consumption reduction benefits of different energy-saving ret-rofit measures are often very different. Therefore, this paper proposes a distribu-tion network energy-saving retrofit strategy evaluation model to compare and analyze different energy-saving retrofits The effect, benefit and power saving of the strategy, the optimal transformation strategy is derived, and the guidance for the energy-saving transformation of the distribution network is provided.
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1,859
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Please write an abstract with title: Pneumonia Detection in Chest X-ray Images using Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Solid modeling, Design automation, Extended reality, Pulmonary diseases, Neural engineering, Metrology, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Pneumonia is an infectious and deadly disease which strikes over millions of people. Usually, chest X-rays are used by radiotherapist to diagnose pneumonia. In this paper, a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for pneumonia detection in chest X-ray images is proposed. This system is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) which are able to classify the image into two classes (pneumonia or normal). Experimental results show that the proposed system obtained an accuracy rate of 98.59%.
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1,860
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Please write an abstract with title: ARC-Net: An Efficient Network for Building Extraction From High-Resolution Aerial Images, and key words: Convolution, Buildings, Computational modeling, Kernel, Computational efficiency, Semantics, Machine learning. Abstract: Automatic building extraction based on high-resolution aerial images has important applications in urban planning and environmental management. In recent years advances and performance improvements have been achieved in building extraction through the use of deep learning methods. However, the design of existing models focuses attention to improve accuracy through an overflowing number of parameters and complex structure design, resulting in large computational costs during the learning phase and low inference speed. To address these issues, we propose a new, efficient end-to-end model, called ARC-Net. The model includes residual blocks with asymmetric convolution (RBAC) to reduce the computational cost and to shrink the model size. In addition, dilated convolutions and multi-scale pyramid pooling modules are utilized to enlarge the receptive field and to enhance accuracy. We verify the performance and efficiency of the proposed ARC-Net on the INRIA Aerial Image Labeling dataset and WHU building dataset. Compared to available deep learning models, the proposed ARC-Net demonstrates better segmentation performance with less computational costs. This indicates that the proposed ARC-Net is both effective and efficient in automatic building extraction from high-resolution aerial images.
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1,861
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Please write an abstract with title: The Analysis of Traffic Variables for EV's Driving Efficiency in Urban Traffic Condition, and key words: Energy consumption, Correlation, Roads, Vehicle driving, Electric vehicles, Energy efficiency, Spatiotemporal phenomena. Abstract: This paper presents the influential factors on the driving efficiency of electric vehicles (EV s) under different urban traffic conditions. By formulating the energy consumption and recharge model based on EV's vehicle dynamics, a simulation is then carried out to observe the effects of traffic variables on EV driving efficiency. EV driving efficiency maps are plotted from different traffic conditions, and traffic variables that includes headways, vehicle speeds and acceleration are identified to have significant effects on EV driving efficiency. The outcome also showed that the link speed, which is widely used as a predictor for EV efficiency, has limitations in estimating the efficiency as it spatiotemporally aggregates the individual vehicle driving conditions. This paper found that, based on the efficiency plots, the quantitative relationship between EV driving efficiency and other traffic characteristic variables, and suggested the effective speed range as a new indicator for EV driving energy efficiency. This paper provides a framework that can be used to estimate the EV efficiency under various traffic conditions and to reduce energy consumption during trips in their corresponding roadway networks.
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1,862
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Please write an abstract with title: The modular active capacitor for high power ripple attenuation, and key words: Capacitors, Voltage control, Microgrids, Capacitance, Stability analysis, High frequency, Frequency control. Abstract: In this paper we propose a modular realization of the active capacitor, where each module is composed of a bidirectional converter and a buffering capacitor. This modular capacitor is a two-terminal device that can automatically adapt itself to different DC bus voltages, and is meant to filter out a wide range of low frequency ripples. Our plug-and-play control approach means that the modular active capacitor can be directly connected to the DC bus without any extra connections, just like a passive capacitor. The proposed modular design improves the overall reliability, providing fault tolerance operation. We investigate the application of our type of active capacitor in DC microgrids, where multiple active capacitors are distributed at different nodes. It is shown that ripple power can be shared in proportion to the storage capacity of the active capacitors without any communication between them. We also offer a mathematical stability analysis of a DC microgrid in which the admittances of all the devices satisfy a certain condition that is less restrictive than being positive-real (and which is satisfied by our proposed design). The modular active capacitor concept has been verified in simulations and experiments.
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1,863
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Please write an abstract with title: Standardization for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Progresses, Challenges and the Road Ahead, and key words: Wireless networks, Roads, Channel estimation, Standardization, Tools, Reliability theory, Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. Abstract: As a key technology of 5G advanced networks, the reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have received widespread attention in the academia and the industry. To provide insights on the application scenarios and standardization roadmap of future-oriented RISs, we analyze characteristics of RISs and summarize white papers, projects and standardization efforts related to RISs. The difficulties and challenges in RIS research and standardization are also analyzed and our forecast on the roadmap of standardization on RIS is given accordingly.
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1,864
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of an Energy Efficient Voltage-to-Time Converter with Rectified Linear Unit Characteristics for Artificial Neural Networks, and key words: Energy consumption, Conferences, Energy resolution, Artificial neural networks, Machine learning, Computer architecture, Energy efficiency. Abstract: Machine learning at the edge offers fast, secure and intelligent signal processing. However, calculations need to be very energy efficient because of the limited power budget. This paper presents the design of an energy efficient voltage-to-time converter circuit in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS technology. The circuit has a rectified linear unit transfer characteristic and is therefore well suited for analog mixed signal computing architectures for artificial neural networks at the edge. Depending on whether mismatch is compensated or not, the effective resolution for a maximum pulse length of 430 ps is 3.0 b or 6.4 b. The simulated energy consumption is below 3 fJ for every output pulse.
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1,865
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Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift, and key words: Support vector machines, Deep learning, Analytical models, Companies, Predictive models, Data models, Numerical models. Abstract: Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift (PEAD) has traditionally been studied using regression models in the literature which often involve smaller data sets and smaller groups of factors whose analysis results tend to be more linear in nature. In this paper, we explore using machine learning models to overcome those limitations and aim to find an optimal supervised model in forecasting drift direction following an earnings release. We test a deep neural network (DNN), an extreme gradient boosting model (XGB) as well as support vector machines (SVM) with different kernels and use a long list of carefully prepared and engineered input features including data from quarterly earnings reports from 1 106 companies in the Russell 1000 index between 1997 and 2018. We find that XGB performs marginally better than the considered DNN and both are significantly better than the SVM variants. We use both Cochran's Q Test and McNemar's Test to prove that our findings are statistically meaningful. We also find that movement of stocks in different industrial sectors respond differently to the same factors when using the same models and provided analysis on that.
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1,866
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Please write an abstract with title: A Grid Feeding Voltage Source Inverter with an Advanced Control Scheme for Solar PV System, and key words: Inverters, Voltage control, Lead, Steady-state, Open loop systems, Logic gates, Voltage source inverters. Abstract: Nowadays, grid-tied multilevel inverters (MLIs) with closed loop control strategy has carried a great attention due to its superior performance in the superconducting energy system and solar photovoltaic (PV) system. In this paper, an improved PI +LLC (lead-lag compensator control) technique is proposed with a Neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source MLI fed grid tied PV system. The controller is a proportional integral (PI) controller with the feedback of LLC. It shows excellent performance to minimize total harmonic distortion (THD), steady state error, and almost zero phase shift.
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1,867
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Please write an abstract with title: Research about design platform for mass customization based on library of customization resource, and key words: Mass customization, Libraries, Mass production, Costs, Manufacturing industries, Product development, Resource management, Software development management, Design optimization, Design methodology. Abstract: The design platform for mass customization (DPMC) ,which is in favor for production in mass as well as satisfies customer's individuation, is one of the main techniques for enterprises successfully implementing the mass customization. A method built DPMC on library of customization resource (LCR) is put forward; the architecture, functions and the main techniques about the DPMC are researched in the paper.
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1,868
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Please write an abstract with title: Instantaneous Rotor Speed Estimation Based on Multisynchrosqueezing Transform Time-Frequency Analysis with Vibration Signals, and key words: Vibrations, Employee welfare, Analytical models, Time-frequency analysis, Viterbi algorithm, Rotors, Estimation. Abstract: Instantaneous speed (IS) measurement is critical in working condition monitoring of rotating machinery. In view of the fact that traditional methods cannot measure the IS with high accuracy and have failed under complex working conditions such as variable speed and strong variable speed. A novel method is proposed to estimate the IS of rotor of rotating machinery accurately. At first, the collected vibration signal is preprocessed. Secondly, Multisynchrosqueezing Transform (MSST), a high time-frequency (TF) energy aggregation TF analysis method, is carried out to obtain the TF distribution. Then Viterbi ridge extraction algorithm is used to extract the instantaneous frequency (IF) from the TF domain. Finally, IS is obtained through the linear relationship between IS and IF. Comparing with different TF analysis-based methods: Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Chirplet Transform (CT), Fourth-order Synchrosqueezing Transform (4-SST), Reassignment Method (RM) and Synchroextracting Transform (SET), the proposed method can estimate the IF and IS more accurately in constant and variable speed simulation experiments as well as mechanical failure comprehensive simulation (MFS) bench experiments. Moreover, the proposed method can provide higher TF energy aggregation.
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1,869
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Please write an abstract with title: Multiple access in broadband satellite networks, and key words: Uncertainty, Broadband communication, Satellite communication, Information analysis, Performance analysis, Algorithm design and analysis, Interchannel interference, Feedback, Telecommunication network reliability, Delay. Abstract: This paper proposes a multiple access algorithm for broadband satellite communication networks. The access channel is the slotted Aloha contention channel. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed considering user terminal time uncertainty, power uncertainty, minimizing co-channel interference as well as non-perfect feedback information from the central receiver. It is shown that reliable access can be achieved with a reasonably small delay by employing the proposed algorithm.
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1,870
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Please write an abstract with title: Lower Bounds on the Expected Excess Risk Using Mutual Information, and key words: Conferences, Noise measurement, Mutual information. Abstract: The expected excess risk of a learning algorithm is the average suboptimality of using the learning algorithm, relative to the optimal hypothesis in the hypothesis class. In this work, we lower bound the expected excess risk of a learning algorithm using the mutual information between the input and the noisy output of the learning algorithm. The setting we consider is, where the hypothesis class is the set of real numbers and the true risk function has a local strong convexity property. Our main results also lead to asymptotic lower bounds on the expected excess risk, which do not require the knowledge of the local strong convexity constants of the true risk function.
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1,871
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Please write an abstract with title: A 400-MHz 6-bit ADC with a partial analog equalizer for coaxial cable channels, and key words: Coaxial cables, Digital communication, Quantization, Data communication, Bit error rate, CMOS technology, Additive noise, Decision feedback equalizers, Application software, CMOS process. Abstract: High-speed high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are one of the major bottlenecks in digital communication systems. This work investigates the ADCs bit requirements for wired communication applications and presents an efficient partial analog equalization approach to improve the performance of the front-end ADC by 2-3 bits. The proposed partial analog equalizer along with a 6-bit 400-MHz flash ADC consumes 106 mW of power with 34-dB SNDR in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. For a 400-Mb/s data transmission over a 240-m coaxial channel, experimental results show an error performance improvement equivalent to an 8-bit ADC system.
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1,872
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Please write an abstract with title: Tracking of maneuvering target by using switching structure and heavy-tailed distribution with particle filter method, and key words: Target tracking, Particle tracking, Particle filters, Acceleration, Bayesian methods, Accelerometers, State-space methods, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Position measurement, Switches. Abstract: The tracking problem of maneuvering target with an assumption that the maneuver is unknown and its acceleration has some abrupt changes is treated by formulating a general (nonlinear, non-Gaussian) state space model with the system model to describe the target dynamics and observation model to represent a measurement process of the target position. The Bayesian switching structure model, which includes a set of possible models and switches among them, is used to cope with the unknown maneuver. The heavy-tailed uni-modal distribution, e.g. Cauchy distribution, is also used for the system noise to accomplish good performance of tracking both the constant period and abrupt changing time point of acceleration. The Monte Carlo filter, which is a kind of particle filter that approximates state distribution by many particles in state spare, is used for state estimation of the model. A simple simulation study shows an improvement of performance by the proposed model comparing with a Gaussian case of the Bayesian switching structure model.
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1,873
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of Deep Neural Networks for EEG Signal Processing in Brain-controlled Wheeled Robotic Platform, and key words: Deep learning, Protocols, Convolution, Prototypes, Electroencephalography, Safety, Mobile robots. Abstract: The article describes the essence of functioning of the neural computer interface, as well as provides the prototype of the custom neural computer control system, which includes the helmet with the Open BCI Cyton platform, BCI-server on the basis of the personal computer and, the wheeled robot itself with the on-board computer Raspberry Pi. Transmission of the recorded 16-channel EEG-records onto the BCI-server is performed using the Bluetooth protocol, and the Wi-Fi standard is applied for the communication between the robot and the BCI-server. The main task was to create and research the possibility of application of the deep learning technologies to classification of the filtered signals (frequency band of the EEG Alpha-waves) under relatively low data volume scenario. Program architecture and system functioning algorithm are presented, convolutional neural network and the multi-layer perceptron are researched as the neural classifiers. EEG-signals filtering and their classification are performed on the BCI-server. Neuroclassifier on the basis of the convolutional neural network showed higher accuracy, however it demands bigger calculating resources for its realization.
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1,874
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Please write an abstract with title: Impedance of a short horizontal dipole over a ground plane covered with an anisotropic plasma, and key words: Impedance, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Electromagnetic radiation, Plasma properties, Electromagnetic scattering, Dipole antennas, Plasma sources, Education, Magnetic fields, Reflection. Abstract: Impedance of a short dipole antenna placed parallel over a ground plane covered with an anisotropic plasma has been studied by the quasistatic approximation with emphasis on the effects of image displacement for arbitrary inclinations of the static magnetic field. As the image location can move with the operating frequencies, the reflected characteristic conical surfaces can create oblique resonance anomalies, depending upon source dimensions and source location. While an oblique resonance occurs when the characteristic conical surface coincides with the dipole axis, another anomaly occurs when the reflected cone grazes the dipole ends.
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1,875
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Please write an abstract with title: A Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Method for Image Segmentation in Blurry Image, and key words: Measurement, Image segmentation, Object segmentation, Generative adversarial networks, Decoding, Testing. Abstract: Nowadays, the wide application of machine vision is developing rapidly, and image segmentation is indeed one of the indispensable technologies. When the input image is blurred, the outline of the target object will be unclear, resulting in inaccurate segmentation. This paper proposes an image segmentation method based on Generative Adversarial Network, combined with Concatentation and Summation to enhance the encoder and decoder and improve these problems without preprocessing data. This paper uses two experimental methods to verify the final image segmentation effect. It uses the Intersection over Union (IoU) score as the evaluation metric. The number of low IoU in this model does not increase drastically with the degree of blur. Moreover, without an overfitting issue in the testing dataset. It can prove the universality of the model.
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1,876
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-factor machining condition monitoring method based on ordinal pattern analysis and image matching, and key words: Condition monitoring, Couplings, Training, Dictionaries, Image matching, Machining, Transforms. Abstract: The existing machining process condition monitoring methods usually only monitor the single anomaly, ignoring the multi-factor coupling anomaly in the actual complex machining process. Aiming at three kinds of typical anomalies frequently occurring in cutting, a new multi-factor coupling machining condition monitoring method based on ordinal pattern (OP) analysis and image matching is proposed. Firstly, the OP analysis model is developed to transform the condition monitoring signal into a gray image based on multi-parameter ordinal pattern spectrum (OPS), which optimizes the parameter selection process. Then, an OPS image dictionary template set of different condition monitoring signals is established. A condition recognition method based on OPS image matching is proposed to identify the sample processing state. Finally, a cutting experiment with 8 machining states is designed to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that the proposed method can accurately identify various cutting anomalies in different machining environments.
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1,877
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Please write an abstract with title: Integrated transversal equalizers in high-speed fiber-optic systems, and key words: Equalizers, Optical fiber LAN, Intersymbol interference, High speed optical techniques, Optical filters, Transversal filters, Circuits, Delay lines, Prototypes, Silicon germanium. Abstract: Intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by intermodal dispersion in multimode fibers is the major limiting factor in the achievable data rate or transmission distance in high-speed multimode fiber-optic links for local area networks applications. Compared with optical-domain and other electrical-domain dispersion compensation methods, equalization with transversal filters based on distributed circuit techniques presents a cost-effective and low-power solution. The design of integrated distributed transversal equalizers is described in detail with focus on delay lines and gain stages. This seven-tap distributed transversal equalizer prototype has been implemented in a commercial 0.18-μm SiGe BiCMOS process for 10-Gb/s multimode fiber-optic links. A seven-tap distributed transversal equalizer reduces the ISI of a 10-Gb/s signal after 800 m of 50-μm multimode fiber from 5 to 1.38 dB, and improves the bit-error rate from about 10/sup -5/ to less than 10/sup -12/.
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1,878
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Please write an abstract with title: Experimental studies on fog induced attenuation in millimeter waves, and key words: Attenuation, Fading, Microwave propagation, Atmosphere, Meteorology, Millimeter wave propagation, Frequency, Refractive index, Data analysis, Physics. Abstract: Formation of fog is a winter predawn phenomenon. The behaviour of microwave signal propagating along the inhomogeneous medium has been studied, utilizing two terrestrial line-of-sight links. Fog period is characterized by an increase in attenuation of the link propagating along such a medium, which is absent for the link having fogless environment, during the same period of observation. The seasonal characteristics of the two microwave links are studied and fog days eliminated and the results show positive correlation characteristics between the two links.
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1,879
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Please write an abstract with title: In Silico Characterization of Repolarization Duration and Variability in the Long QT1 Syndrome Under β-Adrenergic Stimulation, and key words: Dimensionality reduction, Uncertainty, Sociology, Statistical distributions, Estimation, Reliability, Kalman filters. Abstract: Enhanced temporal repolarization variability facilitates ventricular arrhythmias in the long QT 1 (LQT1) syndrome, particularly under β-adrenergic stimulation β-AS). The underlying mechanisms are, however, not fully elucidated. In silico investigation of such mechanisms first requires methods able to reproduce the experimental observations. Here, we describe a method for identification of in silico action potential (AP) models from input voltage traces and we apply it to investigate repolarization variability in LQT1. A combination of Double Greedy Dimension Reduction (DGDR) Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) was used to estimate the ionic conductances and phosphorylation levels of coupled AP and β-AS models. Over synthetic AP traces from an experimentally-calibrated population of LQT1 cells, combined DGDR-UKF accurately estimated the model parameters, with reduced estimation uncertainty and convergence time. Importantly, combined DGDR-UKF was able to reliably replicate the statistical distributions of AP duration and short-term variability, both at baseline and underβ-AS, with relative errors below 4%. Arrhythmogenic AP alternans were reproduced too. In conclusion, our method allows characterization of repolarization duration and variability in LQT1, which is expected to help disentangling the mechanisms underlying adrenergic-induced arrhythmias in this syndrome.
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1,880
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Please write an abstract with title: Model of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor on the bias of the field orientation, and key words: Synchronous motors, Servomechanisms, Stators, Electromagnetic forces, Machine vector control, Force measurement, Couplings, Measurement errors, Electromagnetic measurements, Electromagnetic modeling. Abstract: There is a bias between the estimated flux-orientation of a motor and its real flux-orientation in a vector control system. The paper presents the model of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) on the previous bias, and designs an experimental verification. The experiment removes the difficulty to measure a continuous force of the PMLSM's mover, and has advantages of easy operation and high precision. The tested results are used to control the PMLSM drive system for the maximum efficiency.
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1,881
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of hierarchical total supply capability for distribution network based on spark parallel computing, and key words: DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, SAFETY ASSESSMENT, TOTAL SUPPLY CAPABILITY, MINIMUM CUT SET, LOAD FORECASTING, SPARK LAYERING, PARALLEL COMPUTING COMPONENT. Abstract: With the development of smart grid and data acquisition and monitoring technology, the massive data accumulated by the power company provides the data base for load forecasting. A dynamic Bayesian network is established as a load forecasting model of transformer areas in this paper, which includes the causal relationship between temperature, humidity, day type and other factors with load and Markov characteristics of load time series. In order to solve the problem of model parameter calculation based on massive data and the parallelization of lots of transformers' load forecasting, a dynamic Bayesian network with large sample data is built by using parallel computing component of Spark GraphX. Then combining Vertex cut and parallel path search to extracting probabilistic information fast. The Pregel computing model used to parallelized forward backward algorithm to realize the distributed cluster computing of the prediction method and ensure the parallelization of global prediction tasks. The experimental results show that load forecasting technology of transformer district based on distributed graph computing has high prediction accuracy and fast calculation speed and is an efficient and feasible technique for large data analysis. ce-based and the proposed admittance-based criterion.
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1,882
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Please write an abstract with title: Resource Optimization using Improved Genetic Algorithm for Device-to-Device Communication Under Cellular Network, and key words: Cellular networks, Spectral efficiency, Interference, Quality of service, Throughput, Device-to-device communication, Resource management. Abstract: Device-to-device communication is one of the leading approaches in an advanced communication system. The approach of device-to-device communication increases the utilization of frequency in a single cell. The uses of device-to-device communication decrease latency and increase cell coverage in cellular networks. The use of the same frequency of cellular and device-to-device users creates interference and declines the quality of service and throughput of networks. The optimization of resource allocation reduces the interference in cellular users and device to device users in the same cell. This paper proposed an improved genetic algorithm for resource allocation in device-to-device communication. The proposed algorithm reduces the interference in the mode of D2D communication. The reduced interference increases the spectral efficiency and coverage of cellular networks. The proposed algorithm has been simulated in MATLAB environments and tested with standard parameters. The obtained results suggest that the improved genetic algorithm enhances the communication system’s spectral efficiency instead of existing algorithms.
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1,883
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Please write an abstract with title: Cole electrical impedance Model-a critique and an alternative, and key words: Impedance, Frequency, Suspensions, Equivalent circuits, Capacitors, Equations, VHF circuits, Dielectrics, Mathematical model, Permittivity. Abstract: The Cole single-dispersion impedance model is based upon a constant phase element (CPE), a conductance parameter as a dependent parameter and a characteristic time constant as an independent parameter. Usually however, the time constant of tissue or cell suspensions is conductance dependent, and so the Cole model is incompatible with general relaxation theory and not a model of first choice. An alternative model with conductance as a free parameter influencing the characteristic time constant of the biomaterial has been analyzed. With this free-conductance model it is possible to separately follow CPE and conductive processes, and the nominal time constant no longer corresponds to the apex of the circular arc in the complex plane.
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1,884
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Please write an abstract with title: Confidence Calibration on Multiclass Classification in Medical Imaging, and key words: Training, Ultrasonic imaging, Neural networks, Calibration, Classification algorithms, Thermal stability, Biomedical imaging. Abstract: Current deep learning methods developed to address classification problems related to medical imaging for disease detection and diagnosis are primarily based on binary labels and also with limited focus on confidence calibration. Confidence estimates are closely related to classification accuracy. While existing neural networks have the capability of extending binary labels to multiclass labels, the confidence calibration procedure is generally overlooked. To address the issue, we propose a method called knowledge discriminator risk network (KDR) and a confidence calibration voting algorithm (KDR-CCV) that together enhance classification accuracy, with an emphasis on confidence calibration. Comparative studies on multiclass classification based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS) assessment categories with a dataset containing only binary labels of ultrasound images are conducted. Experimental results show KDR-CCV achieves the overall best classification performance in comparison to other methods that conform to the BI-RADS criterion in addition to the effective improvement on classification accuracy. The proposed method incorporates BIRADS assessment and artificial intelligence from an application based broad practice, and can be extended to other medical imaging problems.
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1,885
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Please write an abstract with title: Mobile Sensors Path Planning for Cooperative Monitoring of Different Mission Importance Areas, and key words: Sensors, Surveillance, Radar, Path planning, Radar antennas, Measurement, Optimization. Abstract: This paper considers an offline path planning problem about cooperative monitoring in different mission importance areas of interest (AOIs) by mobile sensor nodes. Each node is equipped with a radar sensor and limited by maneuver constraints. To evaluate the cooperative surveillance performance, we propose an effective monitoring metric and a revisit metric, which are based on the detection performance of the mobile surveillance system in AOIs during the mission time. Since the formulated optimization problem is high dimensionality and has complex constraints, we propose a solution that contains two parts: 1) an optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) to reduce the computation load with the constrains satisfied and 2) a path smoothing method based on third-degree B-spline to smooth the optimized paths. Finally, simulation results verify the feasibility and efficiency of the algorithm.
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1,886
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Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Mobile Ions on Subthreshold Swing of HfO<inf>2</inf>-based Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistors, and key words: Ferroelectric, mobile ions, subthreshold swing (SS). Abstract: This paper proposes a physics-based model of ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) considering the migration of mobile ions in ferroelectric $HfO_{2}$-based dielectrics. The model is based on the ion drift-diffusion (IDD) equations, the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation, coupling with Poisson’s equation, and semiconductor charge/transport equations. The effects of mobile ions on ferroelectric characteristics are investigated in detail by the developed model which is verified and calibrated by measurement results of $Hf_{0.5}Zr_{0.5}O_{2}$ (HZO). It is proved that the mobile ions in HZO films are beneficial to reduce the subthreshold swing (SS) of FeFETs.
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1,887
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Please write an abstract with title: Constructing decidable hybrid systems with velocity bounds, and key words: Motion planning, State-space methods, Vehicle dynamics, Digital control, Control systems, Genetics, Biochemistry, Real time systems, Formal verification, Sufficient conditions. Abstract: In this paper, the question of bi-similarity between hybrid systems and their discrete quotients is studied from a new point of view. We consider two classes of hybrid systems: piecewise affine hybrid systems on simplices and piecewise multi-affine systems on multi-dimensional rectangles. Given a fixed partition of the state space, we derive sufficient conditions on the values of the vector fields at the vertices of the polytopes, in order that the constructed hybrid system is bi-similar with its corresponding discrete quotient transition system. The results are based on the fact that affine vector fields on simplices and multi-affine vector fields on rectangles are uniquely determined by their values at the vertices. In this way, an interesting class of decidable hybrid systems is determined. The result is applied to a motion planning problem for planar robots.
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1,888
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Please write an abstract with title: Measurements of spectral visible radiance of ocean water and overlying atmosphere, and key words: Spectroscopy, Water pollution, Oceans, Sea surface, Boats, Laboratories, Aircraft, Sea measurements, Atmospheric measurements, NASA. Abstract: A nadir-viewing, visible spectrometer was flown over various ocean waters at altitudes from 500ft (0.15km) to 25,000 ft (7.6km). Data, presented in the form of spectral reflectivity, was obtained for a variety of water types and atmospheric conditions and correlated with chlorophyll and Secchi depth measurements obtained by boat. The spectral reflectivity measured was extrapolated, by use of standard atmosphere tables, to the top of the atmosphere. A range of spectral reflectivities that will be observed by satellite-borne ocean color sensors is presented. Results indicate the magnitude of the contrast to be expected from 400 to 700 nm and show that water color signatures can be obtained from satellite altitude.
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1,889
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Please write an abstract with title: Load Curve Clustering Based on Feature Engineering and Uniform Manifold Approximation, and key words: Manifolds, Dimensionality reduction, Meters, Electrical engineering, Clustering algorithms, Companies, Approximation algorithms. Abstract: The spread of smart meters has given grid companies access to a large amount of power load data. Load data contains a great deal of knowledge that helps distinguish load patterns from user categories. It is common practice to cluster daily load curves to mine load patterns. However, the load data collected by smart meters are high-dimensional data, and the common clustering algorithm has poor effect. Therefore, this paper presents an algorithm based on feature engineering and uniform manifold approximation to solve this problem. This algorithm consists of three stages. First, feature extraction is carried out on the pre-processed intelligent meter data, then the extracted statistical features are mixed with the original data as the input data of the dimensionality reduction algorithm, and finally, k-means algorithm is used to cluster the data after dimensionality reduction. Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher clustering accuracy than other methods.
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1,890
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Please write an abstract with title: Multispectral Photodetectors Based on PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots, and key words: Photodetectors, Springs, Lead, Nanoparticles, Optical device fabrication, Optical sensors. Abstract: PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attractive materials for the realization of simple, low-cost, high responsivity near-infrared photodetectors due to the large tunability of their optical properties together with their solution processability. In this work we propose multiple PbS CQD photoconductive devices with different spectral sensitivity realized on silicon substrates. We characterized the devices in terms of dark current, responsivity and response speed. Eventually, we discuss an algorithm for wavelength measurement of a quasi-monochromatic radiation based on linear combination of photocurrents from different photodetectors.
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1,891
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Please write an abstract with title: On IoT Edge Devices: Manifold Unsupervised Learning for SoM Platforms, and key words: Manifolds, Image edge detection, Conferences, Decision making, Bandwidth, Cameras, Servers. Abstract: As developments in IoT edge devices become more on-demand, the technological advancements of these devices have been drastically increased. Accordingly, it became prominent to focus on integrating the AI processing on-board. Indeed, several modern platforms adopted the AI dedicated unit within their processor architectures (e.g. Xilinx SoM). Although these new architectures enabling the processing locally, the problem of sending the processed local data to the edge servers and cloud for further processing and decision making is still open. Precisely, sending a large amount of data out of the edge device will still consume a large amount of power and bandwidth. Herein, a system is proposed based on the modern SoM for edge devices to enable AI locally. The implementation is evaluated for an application connecting several cameras to the module, where the maximum CPU utilization reported is 77.6% and the minimum is 5.2%. Additionally, the Hyperalighnment algorithm is proposed to reduce the dimensionality of the locally processed data before sending it to the upper system levels.
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1,892
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of The Relationship between Ambiguous Sentences and Diagrams in Technical Manuals, and key words: Manuals, Informatics. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between ambiguous sentences and diagrams in technical manuals. It is thought that ambiguous sentences are sentences that do not express tacit knowledge sufficiently, and it expect that the diagram will help to extract tacit knowledge by considering the presence or absence of ambiguity complementation. As a result, it was found that figures and tables have a role of complementing the ambiguity of ambiguous sentences, and the number of figures and tables is proportional to the number of ambiguous sentences. Furthermore, it was found that a figure far from the ambiguous sentence was also used to resolve the ambiguity.
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1,893
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Please write an abstract with title: An application of the square-root information filter to large scale linear interconnected systems, and key words: Information filters, Large-scale systems, Interconnected systems, Information filtering, Orbits, Propulsion, Rate-distortion, Upper bound, Laboratories, Riccati equations. Abstract: In this paper it is demonstrated that application of the square-root information filter can dramatically reduce the storage and computation involved with estimation of certain classes of large scale interconnected systems.
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1,894
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Please write an abstract with title: A Serious Game in Fully Immersive Virtual Reality for Teaching Astronomy Based on the Messier Catalog, and key words: Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Pollution, Education, Virtual reality, Serious games, Usability. Abstract: Fully-immersive virtual reality (VR) can be used to display 3D data so it is possible to use different vantage points and scales to observe these data. VR provides the perception of depth that is essential to appreciate distances and positions of 3D data points. In this paper, we propose a serious game in fully immersive virtual reality related to astronomy education. It allows users to learn about the positions and types of deep sky objects that are in the Messier catalog. The present work has multiple purposes: to teach the location of Messier objects in the night sky, to learn about the main types of deep sky objects, and to raise awareness of the consequences of light pollution on the night sky as some of the Messier objects can be observed with the naked eye in dark sky locations. The usability, workload, and potential VR symptoms have been assessed with undergraduate students. The results support the conclusion that VR has a key impact on the immersion of the users in the learning activities, with a laser pointer allowing to access easily all the different functionalities. The gameplay based on visual search exploits the 3D space in VR; the hints allow users with no prior knowledge of the topic to complete the tasks. With no motion and objects located at a far distance within the environment, the VR environment does not induce any VR symptoms.
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1,895
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Please write an abstract with title: Vision Transformers for Road Accident Detection from Dashboard Cameras, and key words: Road accidents, Correlation, Convolution, Roads, Computer architecture, Feature extraction, Transformers. Abstract: Road accidents are increasing at a worrying rate and have raised one of the major concerns in traffic road monitoring. Their detection is becoming a very important aspect for intelligent traffic management systems. Unlike most of the existing anomaly detection systems that mainly monitor traffic status from static cameras, we focus in this paper on more challenging scenario using dashboard cameras. To handle this problem, we propose to adopt vision transformers with positional embeddings and based on multi-head attention mechanism for traffic monitoring following the increasing development of such models in natural language processing and computer vision communities. Precisely, to accomplish accident identification while exploiting the spatio-temporal aspect of videos, we employ a mix architecture. This architecture has the advantage of incorporating convolutional layers to capture local correlations of different patterns within the same image and vision transformer to learn the sequential correlations between the extracted features. Extensive experiments on two popular datasets DAD and CCD have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of detection accuracy. The obtained results are compared to some recurrent neural networks commonly used to process sequential input data such as CNN-RNN, Conv-LSTM, and LCRN.
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1,896
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Please write an abstract with title: Proof of Concept: Calibration of an Overhead Line Conductors’ Movements Simulation Model Using Ensemble-Based Machine Learning Model, and key words: Mathematical models, Data models, Machine learning, Numerical models, Computational modeling, Conductors, Calibration. Abstract: In this paper, we present a new approach to use machine learning (ML) for the calibration of a physical model allowing the reproduction of the vibratory behavior of an overhead line conductor. This physical model known as Strip Theory (ST) has the advantage of being very precise but very complicated and cumbersome in its software operations and manipulations. A second model known as the Wake Oscillator (WO) has been implemented in order to meet the limitations of the ST model. In order to be able to use the WO model instead of the ST model, very heavy manual adjustments are required, which makes its use complicated. Precisely, the WO must be able to generate a time series similar to a time series generated by the ST model. In order to respond to this limitation, a machine learning model known as ENS has been proposed. The machine learning model will therefore take as input the data from the WO model and output the data from the ST model. A series of Machine learning models have been implemented and tested. The ENS algorithm was retained with a best Pearson’s linear coefficient of determination (R2 Score) of almost 0.7 and a Root mean square deviation (RMSE) of 7.57e-09. This type of approach therefore makes it possible to calibrate the WO model so that simulations of the behavior of overhead line conductors are carried out only with the WO model.
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1,897
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Please write an abstract with title: Method for Body Pose Recognition based on Two-Finger Touch Bezel on Wearable Device, and key words: Power demand, Wearable computers, Drives, Power systems. Abstract: Nowadays, wearable devices are becoming more and more widely used. The development of interfaces for wearable devices is a challenge due to their small size on the one hand and on the other hand - their increasing capabilities (respectively functions) that must be managed by their interface. The purpose of the presented study is to propose a method for recognizing the pose of the user (lying, sitting, standing) when waking a wearable device from sleep mode. The experimental study and results are given.
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1,898
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Please write an abstract with title: A method for predicting missing-error counts at high recording densities, and key words: Virtual manufacturing, Needles, Gaussian distribution, Shape, Aluminum, Signal detection, Equations, Density measurement. Abstract: This report describes a prediction method for the missing-error count at high recording densities by means of a simple analysis of error data at a low recording density. The decrease of a signal-peak amplitude is approximately in proportion to the volume ratio of a defect to one bit. Errors can be produced by extraordinary small defects as the recording density is in-ereased, while at lower recording density, errors from these defects can be detected only when the threshold level is set at a much higher level. Upon investigation of this effect the authors have found that the error-count at the higher densities can be predicted on the basis of measurements at low densities. Many experimental investigations were carried out to check the accuracy of the prediction method with a computer-aided disk test system. The predicted error count is in approximate agreement with the experimental resuls, and it is concluded that the prediction method is of considerable practical value.
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1,899
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Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of a high-frequency digital lock-in amplifier, and key words: Amplifiers, Signal sampling, Digital signal processing, Instruments, Sampling methods, Signal processing, Digital signal processors, Frequency conversion, Signal generators, Phase locked loops. Abstract: A high-frequency digital lock-in amplifier that uses non-uniform sampling is proposed and validated experimentally. By using a random sampling strategy, it is possible to process periodic signals of frequencies several times greater than the Nyquist frequency, which is given by the sampling theorem. The implemented instrument, based on a digital signal processor and its associated hardware, is described in this paper. Experimental results show the advantages of the proposed lock-in
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