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+ # Video files - compressed
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+ ato_interpretative_decisions.csv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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README.md ADDED
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1
+ ---
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+ tags:
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+ - law
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+ - tax
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+ - australia
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+ - rag
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+ - nlp
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+ - legal
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+ - finance
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+ - ato
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+ - ATOLaw
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+ - taxation
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+ - rulings
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+ - advice
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ license: cc-by-3.0
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+ pretty_name: ATO Tax Legal Rulings — Structured AI Dataset
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+ size_categories:
20
+ - 10K<n<100K
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+ ---
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+ # ATO Tax Legal Rulings — Structured AI Dataset
23
+
24
+ > **Full dataset** — 60,000+ documents across seven types, published as both **CSV and NDJSON (JSON Lines)**, RAG-ready.
25
+
26
+ Machine-readable extracts of Australian Tax Office (ATO) legal documents, scraped from the [ATO Legal Database](https://www.ato.gov.au/single-page-applications/legaldatabase#Law). Each row is one ruling, decision, or guideline — fully parsed into structured columns (CSV) or JSON fields (NDJSON), with all multi-value entries pipe-delimited for downstream NLP and RAG use.
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+
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+ If this saves you time, **[☕ buy me a coffee](https://buymeacoffee.com/simplelex)**
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+
30
+ ## File formats
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+
32
+ Each dataset is published in two parallel files with identical content and field order:
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+
34
+ | Format | Filename pattern | Best for |
35
+ |---|---|---|
36
+ | **CSV** (UTF-8) | `<dataset>.csv` | Pandas, spreadsheets, SQL bulk-load |
37
+ | **NDJSON / JSON Lines** | `<dataset>.jsonl` | `datasets.load_dataset()`, streaming, jq, DuckDB, RAG ingestion |
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+
39
+ JSON keys are identical to CSV column names — the schema tables below describe both formats.
40
+
41
+ ---
42
+
43
+ ## Contents
44
+
45
+ - [Dataset Splits](#dataset-splits)
46
+ - [Quick Start](#quick-start)
47
+ - [Schema](#schema)
48
+ - [Edited Private Advice](#1-edited-private-advice-edited_private_advice)
49
+ - [ATO Interpretative Decisions](#2-ato-interpretative-decisions-ato_interpretative_decisions)
50
+ - [Public Rulings & Determinations](#3-public-rulings--determinations-public_rulings)
51
+ - [Practical Compliance Guidelines](#4-practical-compliance-guidelines-practical_compliance_guidelines)
52
+ - [Taxpayer Alerts](#5-taxpayer-alerts-taxpayer_alerts)
53
+ - [Decision Impact Statements](#6-decision-impact-statements-decision_impact_statements)
54
+ - [Law Administration Practice Statements](#7-law-administration-practice-statements-law_admin_practice_statements)
55
+ - [Use Cases](#use-cases)
56
+ - [Support the Project](#support-the-project)
57
+ - [Source & Licensing](#source--licensing)
58
+ - [Citation](#citation)
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+ - [Terms of Service](#terms-of-service)
60
+ - [Privacy Policy](#privacy-policy)
61
+ - [Refund Policy](#refund-policy)
62
+
63
+ ---
64
+
65
+ ## Dataset Splits
66
+
67
+ | Split | Document Type | Est. Documents | Coverage | CSV file | NDJSON file |
68
+ |---|---|---|---|---|---|
69
+ | `edited_private_advice` | Edited Private Advice (EPA) — all years in one file | ~50,000 | 2011–present | `edited_private_advice_all.csv` | `edited_private_advice_all.jsonl` |
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+ | `ato_interpretative_decisions` | ATO Interpretative Decisions (ATO ID) | ~10,000 | All years | `ato_interpretative_decisions.csv` | `ato_interpretative_decisions.jsonl` |
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+ | `public_rulings` | Public Rulings & Determinations | ~5,500 | All years | `public_all.csv` | `public_all.jsonl` |
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+ | `practical_compliance_guidelines` | Practical Compliance Guidelines (PCG) | ~110 | All years | `practical_compliance_guidelines.csv` | `practical_compliance_guidelines.jsonl` |
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+ | `taxpayer_alerts` | Taxpayer Alerts (TA) — ATO's early-warning watch list | ~150 | 2002–present | `taxpayer_alerts_all.csv` | `taxpayer_alerts_all.jsonl` |
74
+ | `decision_impact_statements` | Decision Impact Statements (DIS) — ATO's response to court rulings | ~555 | 2006–present | `decision_impact_statements_all.csv` | `decision_impact_statements_all.jsonl` |
75
+ | `law_admin_practice_statements` | Law Administration Practice Statements (PS LA) | ~500 | All years | `law_admin_practice_statements_all.csv` | `law_admin_practice_statements_all.jsonl` |
76
+
77
+ ---
78
+
79
+ ## Quick Start
80
+
81
+ ### Option A — NDJSON via `datasets` (recommended for ML)
82
+
83
+ ```python
84
+ from datasets import load_dataset
85
+
86
+ ds = load_dataset(
87
+ "simplelex/Aussie-Tax-Legal-Database",
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+ data_files="edited_private_advice_all.jsonl",
89
+ split="train",
90
+ )
91
+ print(ds[0])
92
+ ```
93
+
94
+ ### Option B — NDJSON via pandas
95
+
96
+ ```python
97
+ import pandas as pd
98
+
99
+ df = pd.read_json("edited_private_advice_all.jsonl", lines=True)
100
+ active = df[df["Is_Archived"] == False]
101
+ print(active[["Authorisation_Number", "Subject", "Date_of_Advice"]].head())
102
+ ```
103
+
104
+ ### Option C — CSV via pandas
105
+
106
+ ```python
107
+ import pandas as pd
108
+
109
+ df = pd.read_csv("edited_private_advice_all.csv")
110
+ active = df[df["Is_Archived"] == False]
111
+ print(active[["Authorisation_Number", "Subject", "Date_of_Advice"]].head())
112
+ ```
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+
114
+ Multi-value fields (legislative references, ruling periods, related documents) use ` | ` as the internal delimiter in both formats:
115
+
116
+ ```python
117
+ # Explode pipe-delimited legislative references into one row per provision
118
+ provisions = (
119
+ active["Relevant_Legislative_Provisions"]
120
+ .str.split(" | ")
121
+ .explode()
122
+ .str.strip()
123
+ .value_counts()
124
+ )
125
+ print(provisions.head(10))
126
+ ```
127
+
128
+ ---
129
+
130
+ ## Schema
131
+
132
+ The column tables below apply to **both** the CSV and NDJSON variants — every CSV column maps 1:1 to a JSON key of the same name in the corresponding `.jsonl` file, in the same order.
133
+
134
+ ### Encoding conventions
135
+
136
+ | Convention | Detail |
137
+ |---|---|
138
+ | **Multi-value delimiter** | ` \| ` (space-pipe-space) within a single cell / string field |
139
+ | **Empty values** | Empty string `""` — never `NULL`, `N/A`, or JSON `null` |
140
+ | **Booleans** | `True` / `False` in CSV; same as JSON string values in NDJSON (the scrapers emit them as strings for round-trip parity with the CSV) |
141
+ | **Dates** | Verbatim as published by the ATO — no normalisation |
142
+
143
+ ---
144
+
145
+ ### 1. Edited Private Advice (`edited_private_advice`)
146
+
147
+ Private rulings issued to individual taxpayers, anonymised and edited for publication.
148
+
149
+ | Column | Type | Nullable | Description |
150
+ |---|---|---|---|
151
+ | `Authorisation_Number` | string | No | Primary key. ATO-assigned identifier, e.g. `1-2ABCDEF`. |
152
+ | `Date_of_Advice` | string | Yes | Date the private advice was issued, e.g. `1 July 2024`. Blank for older documents. |
153
+ | `Subject` | string | Yes | Single-sentence topic description, e.g. `Capital gains tax — main residence exemption`. |
154
+ | `Ruling` | string | Yes | All Q&A pairs concatenated: `Q1: [text] \| A1: [text] \| Q2: [text] \| A2: [text]`. |
155
+ | `Ruling_Period` | string | Yes | Income years the ruling applies to: `Year ending 30 June 20XX \| Year ending 30 June 20XX`. |
156
+ | `Date_Scheme_Commenced` | string | Yes | Date the relevant arrangement commenced. Blank when not stated. |
157
+ | `Relevant_Facts_and_Circumstances` | string | Yes | Full facts section, collapsed to single-space prose. |
158
+ | `Relevant_Legislative_Provisions` | string | Yes | Act/section references, e.g. `ITAA 1997 s104-10 \| ITAA 1997 s116-20`. |
159
+ | `Reasons_for_Decision` | string | Yes | Summary plus all sub-headings: `Summary: [text] \| Detailed Reasoning - [Sub-heading]: [text]`. |
160
+ | `Is_Archived` | boolean | No | `True` if the document carries an archival disclaimer. |
161
+ | `Source_URL` | string | No | Full URL, e.g. `https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?docid=AEA/1-2ABCDEF`. |
162
+
163
+ ---
164
+
165
+ ### 2. ATO Interpretative Decisions (`ato_interpretative_decisions`)
166
+
167
+ Edited summaries of Tax Office internal decisions, released under FOI obligations.
168
+
169
+ | Column | Type | Nullable | Description |
170
+ |---|---|---|---|
171
+ | `ATO_ID_Number` | string | No | Primary key, e.g. `ATO ID 2010/101`. |
172
+ | `Status` | string | Yes | FOI/editorial status note as published. |
173
+ | `Title` | string | Yes | Short title of the decision. |
174
+ | `Issue` | string | Yes | The question put to the ATO. |
175
+ | `Decision` | string | Yes | The ATO's answer. |
176
+ | `Facts` | string | Yes | Relevant facts and circumstances. |
177
+ | `Reasons_for_Decision` | string | Yes | Reasoning supporting the decision. |
178
+ | `Date_of_Decision` | string | Yes | Date the decision was made, e.g. `2010/06/15`. |
179
+ | `Year_of_Income` | string | Yes | Income year to which the decision relates. |
180
+ | `Legislative_References` | string | Yes | Pipe-separated act/section references. |
181
+ | `Related_Public_Rulings_and_Determinations` | string | Yes | Related TR/TD/IT references, pipe-separated. |
182
+ | `Related_ATO_Interpretative_Decisions` | string | Yes | Related ATO ID numbers, pipe-separated. |
183
+ | `Subject_References` | string | Yes | ATO subject taxonomy tags, pipe-separated. |
184
+ | `Business_Line` | string | Yes | ATO business line that issued the decision. |
185
+ | `Is_Archived` | boolean | No | `True` if the document is archived/superseded. |
186
+ | `Source_URL` | string | No | Full URL, e.g. `https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?docid=AID/2010/101`. |
187
+
188
+ ---
189
+
190
+ ### 3. Public Rulings & Determinations (`public_rulings`)
191
+
192
+ Binding public rulings (TR, TD, IT, CR, PR) and legislative instruments issued by the Commissioner.
193
+
194
+ | Column | Type | Nullable | Description |
195
+ |---|---|---|---|
196
+ | `Document_Reference` | string | No | Primary key, e.g. `TR 2024/1`. |
197
+ | `Document_Type` | string | No | Full type name, e.g. `Ruling`, `Determination`. |
198
+ | `Document_Type_Code` | string | No | Short code: `TR`, `TD`, `IT`, `CR`, `PR`, etc. |
199
+ | `Title` | string | Yes | Full document title. |
200
+ | `Status` | string | Yes | `Final`, `Draft`, `Withdrawn`. |
201
+ | `Date_of_Issue` | string | Yes | Publication date, e.g. `1 July 2024`. |
202
+ | `Date_of_Effect` | string | Yes | Date from which the ruling applies. |
203
+ | `Date_of_Withdrawal` | string | Yes | Withdrawal date, if applicable. |
204
+ | `What_This_Ruling_Is_About` | string | Yes | Scope statement from the document. |
205
+ | `Class_of_Entities_or_Scheme` | string | Yes | Who or what the ruling applies to. |
206
+ | `Ruling` | string | Yes | The operative ruling paragraphs. |
207
+ | `Examples` | string | Yes | Worked examples from the ruling. |
208
+ | `Appendix_Explanation` | string | Yes | Explanatory appendix text. |
209
+ | `Other_Appendices` | string | Yes | Any additional appendices. |
210
+ | `Previous_Rulings` | string | Yes | Documents this ruling replaces, pipe-separated. |
211
+ | `Related_Rulings` | string | Yes | Related ATO publications, pipe-separated. |
212
+ | `Legislative_References` | string | Yes | Act/section references, pipe-separated. |
213
+ | `Case_References` | string | Yes | Court/tribunal cases cited, pipe-separated. |
214
+ | `Subject_References` | string | Yes | ATO subject taxonomy tags, pipe-separated. |
215
+ | `ATO_References` | string | Yes | Internal ATO reference numbers. |
216
+ | `Is_Withdrawn` | boolean | No | `True` if the ruling has been withdrawn. |
217
+ | `Source_URL` | string | No | Full URL, e.g. `https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?docid=TR/TR_2024/1`. |
218
+
219
+ ---
220
+
221
+ ### 4. Practical Compliance Guidelines (`practical_compliance_guidelines`)
222
+
223
+ Guidelines explaining how the ATO will administer specific areas of tax law, including safe harbours.
224
+
225
+ | Column | Type | Nullable | Description |
226
+ |---|---|---|---|
227
+ | `PCG_Number` | string | No | Primary key, e.g. `PCG 2020/2`. |
228
+ | `Document_Type` | string | No | `Final PCG` (published), `Draft PCG` (formal draft), or `Compendium` (EC / Early Commentary consultation draft). |
229
+ | `Title` | string | Yes | Full document title. |
230
+ | `Status` | string | Yes | `Current` (default for published PCGs), `Draft` (draft and EC consultation docs), or `Withdrawn`. |
231
+ | `Date_of_Issue` | string | Yes | Publication date. |
232
+ | `Date_of_Effect` | string | Yes | Date from which the guideline applies. |
233
+ | `Date_of_Withdrawal` | string | Yes | Withdrawal date, if applicable. |
234
+ | `Replaces` | string | Yes | Predecessor document(s), e.g. `PS LA 2011/18`. |
235
+ | `Related_Rulings_and_Determinations` | string | Yes | Related ATO publications, pipe-separated. |
236
+ | `Legislative_References` | string | Yes | Act/section references, pipe-separated. |
237
+ | `Summary` | string | Yes | One-paragraph executive summary. |
238
+ | `Purpose_and_Scope` | string | Yes | Who the guideline applies to and why. |
239
+ | `Background` | string | Yes | Context and policy history. |
240
+ | `Compliance_Approach` | string | Yes | The ATO's stated enforcement stance, including safe harbour thresholds. |
241
+ | `Examples` | string | Yes | Worked examples from the document. |
242
+ | `Appendices` | string | Yes | Appendix content. |
243
+ | `Other_Sections` | string | Yes | Any additional named sections. |
244
+ | `Compendium_Reference` | string | Yes | Reference to associated ruling compendium, if any. |
245
+ | `Is_Archived` | boolean | No | `True` if the document is archived. |
246
+ | `Is_Draft` | boolean | No | `True` for `Draft PCG` and `Compendium` (EC / Early Commentary) docs; `False` for finalized PCGs. |
247
+ | `Source_URL` | string | No | Full URL, e.g. `https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?docid=PCG/PCG_2020/2`. |
248
+
249
+ ---
250
+
251
+ ### 5. Taxpayer Alerts (`taxpayer_alerts`)
252
+
253
+ The ATO's early-warning notices about tax avoidance schemes currently under review. High practitioner value: warns clients away from flagged arrangements before audit action begins.
254
+
255
+ | Column | Type | Nullable | Description |
256
+ |---|---|---|---|
257
+ | `Alert_Number` | string | No | Primary key, e.g. `TA 2026/1`. |
258
+ | `Title` | string | Yes | Full descriptive title of the alert. |
259
+ | `Date_of_Issue` | string | Yes | Date issued, e.g. `14 January 2026`. Blank when not stated. |
260
+ | `Status` | string | Yes | `Current` or `Withdrawn`. |
261
+ | `Overview` | string | Yes | Opening paragraphs describing the scheme, joined with ` \| `. |
262
+ | `Description` | string | Yes | Detailed description of the arrangement. |
263
+ | `Example` | string | Yes | Illustrative example, if included. |
264
+ | `Our_Concerns` | string | Yes | The ATO's specific legal concerns. |
265
+ | `What_ATO_Is_Doing` | string | Yes | Current ATO investigation or action status. |
266
+ | `What_You_Should_Do` | string | Yes | Practitioner guidance on how to respond. |
267
+ | `Related_Documents` | string | Yes | Pipe-separated document and legislative references from inline links. |
268
+ | `Is_Withdrawn` | boolean | No | `True` if the alert has been withdrawn. |
269
+ | `Source_URL` | string | No | Full document URL. |
270
+
271
+ ---
272
+
273
+ ### 6. Decision Impact Statements (`decision_impact_statements`)
274
+
275
+ The ATO's official response to court and tribunal decisions — whether it accepts the outcome, is appealing, or will update its public guidance. Critical for practitioners: a favourable court ruling means nothing if the ATO is going to the High Court.
276
+
277
+ | Column | Type | Nullable | Description |
278
+ |---|---|---|---|
279
+ | `Case_Name` | string | No | Full case citation, e.g. `Commissioner of Taxation v Bendel [2025] FCAFC 15`. |
280
+ | `Venue_Reference_No` | string | Yes | Court file number, e.g. `VID 903 of 2023`. |
281
+ | `Venue` | string | Yes | Court or tribunal, e.g. `Full Federal Court`. |
282
+ | `Judgment_Date` | string | Yes | Date of judgment, e.g. `19 February 2025`. |
283
+ | `Date_Published` | string | Yes | Date the DIS was published by the ATO. |
284
+ | `Document_Type` | string | No | `Decision Impact Statement` or `Interim Decision Impact Statement`. |
285
+ | `Summary_of_Decision` | string | Yes | ATO's summary of what the court decided. |
286
+ | `Overview_of_Facts` | string | Yes | Factual background to the case. |
287
+ | `Issues_Decided` | string | Yes | Issues concatenated: `Issue 1 – [topic]: [text] \| Issue 2 – [topic]: [text]`. |
288
+ | `ATO_View_of_Decision` | string | Yes | **The critical field** — ATO's acceptance, appeal status, and guidance implications. |
289
+ | `Administrative_Treatment` | string | Yes | How the ATO will handle pending cases and objections. |
290
+ | `Related_Documents` | string | Yes | Pipe-separated document and legislative references. |
291
+ | `Is_Interim` | boolean | No | `True` if this is an interim statement (appeal pending). |
292
+ | `Source_URL` | string | No | Full document URL. |
293
+
294
+ ---
295
+
296
+ ### 7. Law Administration Practice Statements (`law_admin_practice_statements`)
297
+
298
+ Internal ATO instructions to officers on how to apply the law in practice. Not legally binding on taxpayers but widely cited in audit correspondence and objection letters — practitioners use them to predict and contest ATO positions.
299
+
300
+ | Column | Type | Nullable | Description |
301
+ |---|---|---|---|
302
+ | `Statement_Reference` | string | No | Primary key, e.g. `PS LA 2026/1`. |
303
+ | `Title` | string | Yes | Subject line of the statement. |
304
+ | `Date_of_Issue` | string | Yes | Date issued. |
305
+ | `Date_of_Effect` | string | Yes | Date from which the statement applies. |
306
+ | `Document_Type` | string | No | `Law Administration Practice Statement`, `Draft Law Administration Practice Statement`, or `Law Administration Practice Statement (GA)`. |
307
+ | `Has_Compendium` | boolean | No | `True` if a compendium exists for this statement. |
308
+ | `Body` | string | Yes | All numbered sections concatenated: `1. [Heading]: [text] \| 2. [Heading]: [text] \| …`. |
309
+ | `Related_Documents` | string | Yes | Pipe-separated document and legislative references from inline links. |
310
+ | `Legislative_References` | string | Yes | References from the `Legislative References:` block at end of page. |
311
+ | `Is_Draft` | boolean | No | `True` if this is a draft statement. |
312
+ | `Is_Withdrawn` | boolean | No | `True` if the statement has been withdrawn. |
313
+ | `Source_URL` | string | No | Full document URL. |
314
+
315
+ ---
316
+
317
+ ## Use Cases
318
+
319
+ - **RAG pipelines** — each row is a self-contained retrieval unit; chunk on `Ruling`, `Reasons_for_Decision`, or `Compliance_Approach`
320
+ - **Legal NLP** — classification, summarisation, and named-entity recognition on Australian tax law
321
+ - **Legislative graph construction** — explode `Legislative_References` to build provision co-citation networks
322
+ - **Compliance tooling** — filter on `Document_Type_Code` + `Is_Withdrawn == False` to surface current binding obligations
323
+
324
+ ---
325
+
326
+ ## Support the Project
327
+
328
+ This dataset is free. If it saves you time on data engineering, a coffee is appreciated:
329
+
330
+ **[☕ Buy Me a Coffee](https://buymeacoffee.com/simplelex)**
331
+
332
+ ---
333
+
334
+ ## Source & Licensing
335
+
336
+ Data sourced from the [ATO Legal Database](https://www.ato.gov.au/single-page-applications/legaldatabase#Law) (© Commonwealth of Australia). ATO public legal documents are made available under the [Creative Commons Attribution 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) licence. This structured dataset is published by [SimpleLex](https://huggingface.co/simplelex) under the same terms.
337
+
338
+ ---
339
+
340
+ ## Citation
341
+
342
+ ```bibtex
343
+ @dataset{simplelex_ato_rulings_2026,
344
+ author = {SimpleLex},
345
+ title = {ATO Tax Legal Rulings — Structured AI Dataset},
346
+ year = {2026},
347
+ publisher = {Hugging Face},
348
+ url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/simplelex/Aussie-Tax-Legal-Database}
349
+ }
350
+ ```
351
+
352
+ ---
353
+
354
+ ## Terms of Service
355
+
356
+ **Last updated:** May 2026
357
+
358
+ ### What this product is
359
+
360
+ The Aussie Tax Legal Database is a structured dataset of publicly available legal documents
361
+ published by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) at ato.gov.au. Documents include Edited
362
+ Private Advice, Public Rulings, Determinations, ATO Interpretive Decisions, Practical
363
+ Compliance Guidelines, Taxpayer Alerts, Decision Impact Statements, and Law Administration
364
+ Practice Statements, compiled into machine-readable CSV and NDJSON format.
365
+
366
+ ### Permitted use
367
+
368
+ You may use this dataset for any lawful purpose, including research, analysis, building
369
+ applications, and commercial projects. You do not need to ask permission. Attribution is
370
+ appreciated but not required for the compilation itself.
371
+
372
+ ### Source material and copyright
373
+
374
+ The underlying ATO documents are published under the
375
+ [Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en).
376
+ The ATO retains copyright in the original documents. This dataset is a structured compilation
377
+ and does not claim copyright in the original source material.
378
+
379
+ ### Not legal or tax advice
380
+
381
+ Nothing in this dataset constitutes legal or tax advice. Documents are reproductions of publicly
382
+ available ATO materials provided for informational purposes only. Always consult a registered tax
383
+ agent or legal professional for advice about your specific situation.
384
+
385
+ ### Accuracy and currency
386
+
387
+ We make no warranties about the completeness, accuracy, or currency of the data. ATO documents
388
+ may be updated, withdrawn, or replaced after the dataset was last scraped. Always verify against
389
+ the [ATO Legal Database](https://www.ato.gov.au/law/) for official or time-sensitive purposes.
390
+
391
+ ### No liability
392
+
393
+ To the maximum extent permitted by Australian law, simplelex accepts no liability for any direct,
394
+ indirect, or consequential loss arising from use of or reliance on this dataset.
395
+
396
+ ### Changes
397
+
398
+ We may update these terms at any time. Continued use of the dataset following an update
399
+ constitutes acceptance of the revised terms.
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