title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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Cell differentiation in isolated inner cell masses of mouse blastocysts in vitro: onset of specific gene expression. | Inner cell masses (ICMs) were isolated by immunosurgery from giant blastocysts formed by the aggregation of three morulae. A layer of endoderm cells formed on the outer surface of these primary ICMs in vitro. When this layer was removed by immunosurgery, a secondary endoderm layer formed. Alphafetoprotein (AFP) was used as a biochemical marker to characterize visceral endoderm formation in these cultured ICMs. The immunoperoxidase reaction on sections of ICMs cultured for intervals up to 120 h in vitro showed that some primary endoderm cells contained AFP, but these were always in the minority. The secondary endoderm layer, on the other hand, was composed of predominantly AFP-positive cells. It is concluded that the primary endoderm contains mainly parietal endoderm cells, while the secondary layer contains visceral endoderm cells. A model is proposed for the consecutive differentiation of parietal and visceral endoderm cell types from the ICM of mouse blastocysts. | 94,085 | [
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[Value of radiological investigations in patients with dysuria after prostatic adenomectomy (author's transl)]. | Dysuria is a relatively frequent complication after prostatic adenomectomy. The authors review 107 patients with this complication and demonstrate that radiological investigation, including a micturition study, preferably after IVU, shows the presence of an obstructive cause for the dysuria in the vast majority of cases (92.5%). There are two main types of obstructive lesion: - parietal stenosing lesions, - compression lesions. - The most frequent parietal stenosing lesions, apart from those of the bladder neck, are urethral stenoses. - Stenoses with total compression of the capsule are often the cause of severe dysuria. - Localized compression of the capsule and urethral stenosis usually cause only moderate dysuria. - An irregular lacunar image should suggest cancer of the prostate. | 94,093 | [
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Demonstration of an analogue to human pregnancy zone protein in the African green monkey. | A serum protein in the grivet (Cercopithecus aethiops), immunologically cross-reacting with human pregnancy zone protein (PZP), is found in males as well as in nonpregnant females. The electrophoretic mobility, antigenic cross-reactivity, molecular weight, and carbohydrate structure appear analogous to PZP; however, contrary to the situation in man, exogenous estrogens cause a fall in serum concentration of the protein. | 94,099 | [
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[Palliative chemotherapy with 5 FU and CPM in cancer of the prostate with bone metastases resistant to oestrogens. A clinical trial (author's transl)]. | The efficacy of an association of cyclophosphamide (CPM) and 5-fluorouracil was studied in 15 patients with prostate cancer not responding to oestrogen therapy, and more particularly its effect on pain due to bone metastases. No objective improvement was noted with this association, but there was a definitite reduction in bone metastases pain in 5 of the patients, with an average remission time of 4 months. Half of the patients had nausea and vomiting, but in spite of this digestive intolerance those patients who obtained pain relief for 4 months considered the treatment to be of positive value. This therapy is recommended only fater the failure of castration, anti-androgens, and oestrogens, together with nitrogen mustard (Estracyt) and corticotherapy. | 94,108 | [
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Effects of intra-arterial bradykinin and substance P on isolated, blood-perfused small intestine of the rat. | Experiments were conducted on rat isolated, small intestine perfused at a fixed flow rate through the superior mesenteric artery with arterial blood from a donor rat, to determine the responses of the ileum to different peptides. Drugs were closely injected into the superior mesenteric artery. Single injections of bradykinin produced monophasic fast contractions of the ileum preceded by an initial fall and a subsequent rise of tone. The fast contraction was abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX), morphine and hexamethonium (C6), but was resistant to blockade by atropine or mepyramine. Changes in ileal tone induced by bradykinin remained evident even in the presence of these blocking agents, thereby suggesting a direct action on smooth muscle fibers of the ileum. The fast contraction in response to substance P was not influenced by either TTX, morphine, C6, atropine or mepyramine. The present results indicate that bradykinin induces the fast contraction of the ileum by excitation of myenteric neuronal elements involving cholinergic interneurons, while substance P produces the contraction by a direct stimulation of smooth muscle fibers of the ileal region. | 94,115 | [
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Advanced male non-seminomatous germ-cell tumours. Combination chemotherapy with cis-platinum, vinblastine and bleomycin. | Nineteen men with advanced germ-cell tumours were treated with a combination of vinblastine, bleomycin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cis-platinum). One patient died nine days after starting chemotherapy. Seventeen patients responded to therapy (14 completely and three partially). Toxicity was very high, and three patients died of septicaemia during therapy. Eight patients remain in complete remission 36 to 80 weeks after starting chemotherapy. | 94,148 | [
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Conversion of 3H-testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in human hypertrophic prostatic tissue. | The aim of the study was to develop a simple method for the determination of the conversion of testosterone to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) after incubation of human hypertrophic prostatic tissue with 3H-testosterone. The mean conversion rate of 3H-testosterone to 5 alpha-DHT in hypertrophic prostatic tissue was found to be higher than in normal and carcinomatous tissue. The results indicate that androgen metabolism in the hypertrophic prostatic gland is enhanced. | 94,161 | [
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Separation of the isoenzymes of glyoxalase I from human red blood cells by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel and by ion exchange chromatography. | Methods have been devised for the separation of the isoenzymes of glyoxalase I(S-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing), EC 4.4.1.5) from human red blood cells by electrophoresis and electrofocusing on polyacrylamide gel slabs. Three different staining methods were used for the location of the enzyme. Three electrophoretic phenotypes of the enzyme were resolved, the fast and slow types with one band and the intermediate type with three glyoxalase I activity bands. In gel electrofocusing (pH gradient 3.5-9.5) two glyoxalase I activity bands were found for all electrophoretic types. In electrofocusing on gel with a narrow pH gradient, at least four separate enzyme components were resolved for the fast and slow electrophoretic types and at least six components for the intermediate type. The phenotypes could be distinguished correspondingly to the electrophoretic results. Preparative separation of the isoenzymes were achieved by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel but gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100 gave the same elution volume for all enzyme phenotypes. This corresponds to an apparent molecular weight of about 47 000. | 94,203 | [
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Studies on fibronectin in the skin. III. Indirect immunofluorescence studies in lichen planus. | Fibronectin is a glycoprotein which is responsible for a varity of functions in the human organism, such as mediation of contact between cells and between cells and fibres, opsonic qualities, interaction in the stabilization of fibrin, etc. Fibronectin is an important constituent of the ground substance having a special affinity to collagen. In indirect immunofluorescence studies its presence has been abundantly demonstrated in normal human skin, in collagen-rich structures such as the basement membranes, the papillary and reticular dermis, and in the vascular and neural structures, demonstrable by its characteristic staining patterns. Fibronectin is not found in the epidermis. In lichen planus, the distribution in unaffected skin is identical with that in normal skin, whereas in affected skin, changes in the pattern of fibronectin are found. The basement membrane zone becomes broader and hazy, later undergoing disintegration and destruction, concomitant with swelling and homogenization of the reticular distribution of fibronectin in the papillary dermis. Globular structures containing fibronectin are found in the basement membrane area, together with an intensified immunofluorescence in the vascular system. Fibronectin has certain adhesional properties and changes in the distribution of this glycoprotein may result in loss of tissue stability. The pathophysiological significance of the changes of fibronectin in lichen planus is, however, difficult to evaluate at present. | 94,206 | [
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Ultrastructural study of mechanobullous desquamative gingivitis: a case report. | A 67-year-old female with localized bullous desquamative gingivitis is described. Ultrastructural studies of the perilesional area showed changes similar to those seen in cicatricial pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. | 94,213 | [
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Mixed bullous disease with labile erythrocyte sedimentation rate. | A woman, aged 66, fulfilled all the usual criteria of dermatitis herpetiformis. Subsequently, she developed circulating IgA and IgM basement membrane zone antibodies, a labile erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and the clinical picture changed to one of bullous pemphigoid. Her labile ESR was obviously caused by a factor related to the erythrocytes. Direct Coombs test was positive. | 94,214 | [
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Subpopulations of human peripheral blood cells: analysis of granulocytic progenitor cells by flow cytometry and immunologic surface markers. | Normal human peripheral blood cells were separated into different populations based upon isopycnic sedimentation, E rosetting, and EAC rosetting. Each population was characterized according to morphology, surface markers, granulocytic colony formation in semi-solid media, and stainable RNA content by acridine orange (AO) flow cytometry. These techniques enrich for a population of cells that is characterized by a lymphoid morphology, a high granulocytic-macrophage progenitor cell cloning efficiency, a lack of surface markers, and a high stainable RNA content not found in the other two populations of peripheral blood lymphocytes (T cells and B cells). The stainable RNA content serves as a new metabolic marker for the population of cells in which the preponderance of granulocytic progenitor cells reside. | 94,243 | [
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Efficiency and safety of methidathion applied as a pour-on systemic insecticide for control of cattle lice. | Methidathion applied to cattle as a pour-on insecticide for control of lice (predominantly Linognathus vituli, but also Haematopinus eurysternus and Damalinia bovis) caused a reduction in the lice population of approximately 98% to 99% in laboratory trials at the minimum recommended dose of 4 mg/kg and a 98.8% to 100% efficiency was achieved in field trials. In a comparative efficiency trial in the laboratory methidathion at 3.5 to 5 mg/kg reduced the lice population by 98.8% to 99%, fenthion by 98.5% at 4.5 mg/kg and famphur by 99.7% at 16.5 mg/kg. Methidathion was tolerated by calves aged 15 to 20 weeks at dose rates up to 40 mg/kg indicating an approximate 7 fold safety margin, but 1 of 4 calves treated at 50 mg/kg died following treatment. Treatment with fenthion at 50 mg/kg, 7.4 times the average recommended rate, famphur at 75 mg/kg, 3 times the average rate and chlorpyrifos at 85 mg/kg, 5 times average rate, caused reductions in whole blood cholinesterase activity of 52%, 27% and 47% respectively which were similar to the reductions in cholinesterase activity found in calves treated with methidathion at similar levels above the recommended commercial dose rates. It was found that 2 day old calves were more sensitive to treatment with methidathion than calves 9 or 16 days old. A further 11,900 cattle of varying age, breed and sex were treated with methidathion under field conditions at the recommended rate of 4 to 8 mg/kg, and 534 cattle were treated at 24 mg/kg without any signs of toxicity. | 94,259 | [
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Phosphorescence of protein-bound eosin and erythrosin. A possible probe for measurements of slow rotational mobility. | We used a pulsed dye laser working at 540 nm to excite triplet-state formation of eosin and erythrosin, either bound or unbound to bovine serum albumin, in aqueous solution anaerobically at pH 8 and 20-22 degrees C. Delayed emission from radiative transitions of the triplet state was readily detectable, both as delayed fluorescence and as red phosphorescence. Detection of the triplet state by measurement of phosphorescence at 645 nm upwards was at least 100-fold more sensitive than by absorbance measurements of ground-state depletion at 500 nm. When immobilized in poly(methyl methacrylate), the phosphorescence of eosin and erythrosin was polarized with an anisotropy parameter [Jablonski (1961) Z. Naturforsch. A16, 1-4] of about 0.25. The phosphorescence of erythrosin is sufficiently intense to be distinguishable from the long-wavelength end of fluorescence under conditions of continuous rather than pulsed excitation. Our observations suggest that phosphorescence depolarization of eosin or erythrosin probes could be used as a highly sensitive method of measuring rotational relaxation times in region from 10(-5) to 10(-3) s, such as those of the uniaxial rotation of membrane proteins. | 94,265 | [
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The kallikrein-kinin system in blood pressure homeostasis. | 1. The acute effects of the kallikrein inhibitor aprotinin (498 ki.u./min), and the kininase II inhibitor SQ 14,225 (250 MICROGRAM), GIVEN INTRAVEnously during saralasin-induced angiotensin blockade, were studied in conscious sham-operated rats and rats with benign and malignant two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension during dietary sodium restriction. 2. The blood pressure of conscious sham-operated rats increased significantly in response to aprotinin. It remained unchanged after SQ 14,225 in contrast to the significant vasodepressor effect seen when SQ 14,225 was given to the same rats under surgical stress and pentobarbital anaesthesia. 3. Benignly hypertensive rats showed a consistent vasopressor response to aprotinin and a marked vasodepressor response to SQ 14,225. The effects of both inhibitors were markedly and significantly blunted in malignantly hypertensive rats. 4. Our demonstration that two agents with known opposite actions on the kallikrein-kinin system produced predictable and opposite effects on blood pressure may indicate that this system is involved in the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure. It may play an important antihypertensive role in benign two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension, a role which might be impaired in malignant hypertension. | 94,277 | [
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The identification of human H-Y antigen and testicular transformation induced by its interaction with the receptor site of bovine fetal ovarian cells. | beta 2m(-), HLA (-) Daudi human male Burkitt lymphoma cells excreted a group of protein subunits that shared three distinctive characteristics; their conspicuously longer half-lives compared to more hydrophilic Daudi excreted proteins, their tendency to form progressively larger polymers by means of interchain disulfide bridges, and the extreme hydrophobicity of these polymers. The plasma membrane of extragonadal somatic cells absorbed 1.2 to 2.8% of these hydrophobic proteins. The unoccupied H-Y receptor sites residing on the plasma membrane of bovine fetal ovarian cells, on the other hand, selectively absorbed polymers of 18,000 mol. wt. subunits, and this antigen-receptor interaction, if allowed to continue for five days, induced the formation of tunica albuginea and seminiferous tubules in bovine XX embryonic indifferent gonads. In this manner, human H-Y antigen excreted by Daudi cells has functionally been identified as a series of polymers derived from 18,000 mol. wt. subunits. While, the H-Y antigenic determinants were retained even by the largest polymeric form that became irreversibly water insoluble, the receptor binding activity was shown only by 36.8% of the available polymeric forms of 18,000 mol. wt. subunits, at the most. Nevertheless, once bound to the receptor site, these polymers were rapidly reduced to the monomeric form on the plasma membrane of bovine fetal ovarian cells. Accordingly, the 18,000 mol. wt. monomer might actually represent the functional form of H-Y antigen. | 94,287 | [
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Methylprednisolone sodium succinate treatment in global ischemia of the cat isolated heart. | Effects of methylprednisolone were studied on isolated, blood-perfused cat hearts subjected to 1 hr of normothermic ischemic arrest. Untreated hearts sustained decreases in peak ventricular pressure pulse, dP/dt, and ventricular compliance. Ischemic hearts also became edematous, gained sodium, and lost potassium and creatine kinase enzyme activity. Steroid treatment did not significantly alter any of these ischemia-induced changes. Methylprednisolone treatment did increase resting coronary flow and also increased the hyperemic response after reperfusion. These results, in isolated hearts, provide no evidence that steroid treatment exerts a direct protective effect on the globally ischemic myocardium. | 94,382 | [
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Effect of endothelial damage on prostaglandin synthesis by isolated perfused rabbit mesenteric vasculature. | Isolated perfused rabbit mesenteric blood vessels selectively metabolized arachidonic acid to prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2). However, the less lipid soluble prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH2) administered exogenously was not metabolized by vascular prostacyclin synthetase but was partially degraded to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Peptide stimulation (e.g., angiotensin II, bradykinin) resulted in formation of both PGI2 and PGE2 from endogenous arachidonic acid. Denuding the blood vessels of their endothelial layer by perfusion with hypotonic fluid did not affect the metabolism of arachidonic acid or the response to peptide stimulation, suggesting that the cyclooxygenase, prostacyclin synthetase, and angiotensin II receptors are present and functional in the subendothelial smooth muscle cells of the vessel walls. In contrast, exogenous PGH2 either escaped completely unmetabolized or was converted to both PGI2 and PGE2 in the presence of vascular injury induced by hypotonic fluid. | 94,398 | [
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Correlation between pharmacokinetics and intropic and electrophysiologic responses to digitoxin in the intact dog. | We attempted to correlate inotropic and eletrophysilogic digitoxin effects with serum digitoxin concentrations during 8 hr after a single dose. Eight pentobarbital-anesthetized Labrador dogs were given 2.0 mg digitoxin intravenously. Left heart catheterization and His bundle registration were performed. acing and programed electrical stimulation were used to determine heart rate-independant changes in dP/dt, intra-atrial, atrioventricular (AV), His-Purkinje, and intraventricular conduction velocity. The effective (A-ERP) and functional (A-FRP) refractory periods of the atrium and the functional nodal refractory period (AV-FRP) were measured. Serum digitoxin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Median serum digitoxin half-time was 5.7 hr. The dP/dt increased after digitoxin, with maximum values after 2 hr. Digitoxin concentration correlated with the inotropic response after 4 hr. Heart rate fell significantly within 2 min and remained below control values for the 8 hr observation period concimitant with an increase in AV-nodal conduction time and AV-ERP increased significantly in the late elimination phase, while A-FRP increased slightly initially and remained high. No consistent correlation was found between the electrophysilogic variables and serum concentrations. We conclude that the two main effects of digitoxin, the inotropic and electrophysiologic, are dissociated in the elimination phase after a single dose. | 94,409 | [
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0.07287517,
0.008301076,
-0.0138,
... |
Effect of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of mecillinam on the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein of Salmonella typhimurium: a proposed mechanism of action. | Salmonellae alter their rod-like morphology to become large ovals within 3-5 hr after being exposed to concentrations of mecillinam below the minimal inhibitory concentration. Before this overt morphologic change occurs, synthesis of DNA increases, with a concomitant decrease in total protein synthesis. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into cell wall protein is markedly inhibited by mecillinam, whereas incorporation of leucine into soluble intracellular proteins is enchanced by the drug. Electrophoretic separation of stained, soluble intracellular proteins of salmonellae exposed to mecillinam indicates that as many as 15-20 individual groups of protein occur at higher concentrations in mecillinam-exposed salmonellae than in unexposed control organisms. These results suggest that, at low concentrations, mecillinam binds selectively to cell wall components, thereby interfering with the assembly of the cell wall during growth. This interference causes a buildup of newly synthesized soluble proteins that are normally involved in cell wall assembly. The weakening of the cell wall, combined with this buildup, causes the cell to assume a three-dimensional oval structure that is the result of equal hydrostatic pressure exerted by the medium. | 94,451 | [
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Serological evidence of human leptospirosis in northern Greece. | a) 1069 human blood samples were tested for the presence of C. F. antibodies to leptospirae. 98 of these sera were from patients suffering from Weil's syndrome. 13 out of 98 patients were found to be suffering from leptospirosis; one of these died. 460 sera were from patients with febrile (acute) illness of unknown origin and 511 sera from patients with respiratory disease (especially "influenza like disease"). None of these patients was found to be suffering from leptospirosis. b) 191 human sera from healthy people at risk to leptospiral infection were examined by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). A high percentage (14.1%) was found to have antibodies against one or two leptospiral serogroups. The results obtained suggest that the incidence of leptospiral infections in humans in Northern Greece is higher than previously reported and the predominant serogroups were found to be Icterohaemorrhagiae followed by Autumnalis and Canicola. | 94,493 | [
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Induction of interferon and radioprotective activity of polyriboguanylic-polyribocytidylic acid complex in mice. | The effect of polyriboguanylic-polyribocytidylic acid complex was investigated against acute X- and prolonged 60Co-gamma irradiation. Prophylactic administration of the polyribonucleotide complex increased endogenous spleen colony formation and the percentage of survival of irradiated BALB/c mice. The most pronounced effect was observed when the animals had been irradiated at the time of maximum interferon accumulation in blood, i.e. 24 hr after interferon induction by the polyribonucleotide complex. | 94,503 | [
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Fluorescence-activated separation of cervical abnormal cells using herpesvirus antigenic markers. | Antisera to total HSV-2 (G) viral antigens (Ra-2) and to increasingly purified viral antigenic fractions ("crude" and "pure" AG-e) specifically stain HSV-2-(G)- or HSV-1-(F)-infected HEp-2 cells in indirect immunofluorescence. Anti-"crude" AG-e sera induced by HSV-1 (F) or HSV-2 (G) produce a single precipitin band of identity when reacted in gel immunodiffusion against soluble antigenic mixtures from HSV-2-infected cells (HSV-2 (G) SAM). These reactivities are lost following adsorption of the sera with HSV-1 or HSV-2-infected cells or with pelleted or dextran gradient purified virions. Ra-2 and anti-"crude" or "pure" AG-e sera stain exfoliated cervical cells from patients with herpetic cervicitis as well as atypical cells from patients with atypia, carcinoma in situ or invasive cancer. Normal squamous cells do not stain. HSV-2 viral antigens recognized by the Ra-2 and anti-AG-e sera appear to constitute specific and sensitive markers for the separation of atypical cells in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. | 94,520 | [
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Potentiation and inhibition of ganglionic transmission by ruthenium red. | The effect of ruthenium red, 2.5 to 5 muM, on ganglionic transmission in rat superior cervical ganglia and frog abdominal ganglia were studied in vitro. In rat ganglia, ruthenium red caused a spontaneous firing of ganglia cells, and an increase in the amplitude and duration of the compound action potential following a single stimulus volley. However, transmission following a conditioning volley or a repetitive stimulus train to the preganglionic nerve was depressed up to 60 sec. The asynchronous firing caused by bethanechol was potentiated by ruthenium red. In the frog, ruthenium red caused repetitive firing of ganglion neurons following either orthodromic or antidromic stimulation. It is suggested that the potentiation of the single potential and the spontaneous firing are due to a ruthenium red-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration. The depression of transmission may be due to a temporary depletion of readily releasable acetylcholine. It is also suggested that ruthenium red has an effect on the postsynaptic membrane. | 94,531 | [
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Properties of Border disease virus as studied in a sheep cell line. | A fetal lamb muscle cell line has been isolated in which two strains of Border disease virus replicate well and induce a clear-cut cytopathic effect, thus providing a sensitive and practical assay system for both the virus and neutralizing antibodies. This system enabled us to study some characteristics of Border disease virus in comparison with two other agents responsible for hog cholera and bovine viral diarrhea. Our results indicate that the last virus and the Border disease agent are indistinguishable in vitro. | 94,539 | [
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Immune retention: immunological requirements for maintaining an easily degradable antigen in vivo. | Radioactive human serum albumin (125I-HSA) was injected into the hind foot pads of unimmunized mice, actively immunized mice and mice passively immunized with mouse or rabbit anti-HSA serum. Eleven days later the unimmunized mice had cleared most of the 125I-HSA. In contrast, a high concentration of 125I-HSA was retained in the feet and draining lymph nodes and, to a lesser extent, in the spleen of the actively or passively immunized mice. Although immune retention required specific antibody, it appeared to be independent of T-cells or T-cell factors, since passively immunized nude mice retained antigen as well as actively or passively immunized normal mice. Depletion of the complement system with cobra venom factor (CVF) increased antigen retention in the feet but decreased retention in the spleen. Treatment with CVF did not decrease antigen retention in lymph nodes of actively immunized mice. Such treatment did, however, decrease retention in lymph nodes of passively immunized mice although not to the same extent as in the spleen. Retention of antigen in the feet was not only complement-independent but was also Fc independent, since F(ab')2 fragments of IgG could mediate immune retention. Antigen dose response studies indicated that immune retention in lymph nodes occurred optimally with minute amounts of antigen, whereas optimal retention in the feet required much higher concentrations of antigen. Foot pad injections of non-radiolabelled HSA eliminated 60% of the radioactivity retained in the foot pads of immunized mice. In contrast, non-radioactive egg albumin (EA) had almost no effect on retained HSA. However, if the mice were immunized to both EA and HSA, an injection of EA would displace a significant amount of retained HSA. Complexes of one specificity can apparently displace some retained antigen of a differing specificity. | 94,545 | [
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The pharmacodynamics of 4-(p-chlorophenylthio)butanol (W-2719) in humans. | 4-(p-Chlorophenylthio)butanol (W-2719) is absorbed, metabolized and excreted when administered orally to human volunteers. The butyrate (W-2718) and the acetate (W-2683) metabolites were found in plasma with W-2683 being the major biotransformation product and detectable seven days after administration with an apparent half-life of 33.2 h. p-Chlorothiophenol appeared to be the major biotransformation product in urine and was detectable through day 6. As in plasma, the other major biotransformation product was W-2683, which was again detectable through day 7 and had a t 1/2 in urine of 40.8 h. The minor metabolite found in urine was W-2718. No W-2719 was found in either plasma or urine after oral administration. | 94,548 | [
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Genetic modulation of RNA metabolism in Drosophila. IV. Measurement of rats of RNA synthesis by density labeling. | Accumulation of RNA was measured in adult males of two genotypes: car bb/Ybb- and car bb/YbbSuVar-5. The two genotypes have similar amounts of rDNA, which is reduced in comparison to wild type (CLARK, STRAUSBAUGH and KIEFER 1977). Although genotypically bobbed, car bb/YbbSuVar-5 flies have a wild-type phenotype; car bb/Ybb- flies are both phenotypically and genotypically bobbed (CLARK, STRAUSBAUGH and KIEFER 1977). The wild-type phenotype observed in the car bb/YbbSuVar-5 flies is thought to be the result of an increased rate of rRNA synthesis due to the presence of the YbbSuVar-5 chromosome (SHERMOEN and KIFFER 1975; CLARK, STRAUSBAUGH and KIEFER 1977; CLARK and KIEFER 1977). To further define this phenomenon, the absolute accumulation of RNA was measured in the two genotypes, using density labeling methods. The accumulation of RNA is 1.4 to 1.8 times higher in car bb/YbbSuVar-5 flies than in car bb/Ybb- flies, demonstrating that there is genetic regulation of synthesis in this genotype. The use of density-labeled nucleosides has clearly shown that there is no difference in precusor pool sizes or use between the two genotypes studied. | 94,570 | [
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Oral rehabilitation by prosthetic restoration after maxillectomy for malignant tumors. | In maxillectomy patients, speech intelligibility between before and after insertion of prostheses has been reviewed by many investigators. Speech intelligibility was not related to the size of the defect, but rather to the defect region. Speech intelligibility was considerably improved by the use of prostheses. A great difference could not be found in escape rate from the nasal cavity between before and after insertion of prostheses, but there was a remarkable change in the spirometer. Postmaxillectomy functions are also easily restored by prosthetic oral rehabilitation, necessary to aid surgical procedure. | 94,595 | [
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0.25607... |
Evaluation of indapamide in the treatment of hypertension. | A randomized double-blind, crossover trial was carried out in twenty hypertensive patients to evaluate the hypotensive efficacy and safety of indapamide. Indapamide in doses of 2.5 mg per day in combination with other antihypertensive agents was as effective in reducing the blood pressure in hypertensive patients as one tablet of Moduretic (50 mg hydrochlorothiazide and 5 mg amiloride). Indapamide induced no changes in serum potassium or uric acid levels and there were no major side effects. | 94,616 | [
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... |
Isolation and characterization of free and membrane-bound polyribosomes from rabbit spinal cord. | A procedure is described for the preparation of free and membrane-bound polyribosomes from rabbit spinal cord. First, myelin and filaments are floated away from other subcellular components. The latter are then fractionated by differential centrifugation followed by sedimentation through a discontinuous sucrose gradient. The ribosomal fractions are characterized by their electron microscopic appearance, RNA/protein ratios and sedimentation profile in a linear sucrose gradient. Both membrane-bound and free polyribosomes are active in incorporating amino acids in a cell-free system, whether heterologous or homologous pH 5 enzyme fractions are employed. Autoradiographic analysis of translation products separated by electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gels shows that both ribosome fractions are active in the synthesis of a variety of proteins including polypeptides which comigrate with alpha- and beta-tubulins and actin. The utility of these polyribosome preparations for the cell-free study of protein biosynthesis is indicated by the high molecular weight of many of the translation products, and by the similarity of the electrophoretic pattern of translation products from the cell-free systems to the pattern of radioactive protein synthesized by rabbit spinal cord during the hour prior to sacrifice. | 94,644 | [
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Improved B cell typing for HLA-DR using nylon wool column enriched B lymphocyte preparations. | A rapid, simple procedure for preparing B lymphocytes using nylon wool has been devised. When mixtures of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and monocytes are applied to nylon wool columns, B lymphocytes can then be removed, virtually free of monocytes. Such preparations (Ad) are 85 +/- 6% SIg+ and have only 3 +/- 1% monocyte contamination. The yield from peripheral blood averages 5% of all mononuclear cells. In contrast, the E rosette depletion method (E-) yields cells which are only 64 +/- 5% SIg+ and have 25 +/- 7% monocyte contamination. The superiority of the nylon method for HLA-DR typing was demonstrated in a comparative study of Ad and E- with eight normal individuals. Cytotoxic scores were higher and a large number of reactions, representing DRw groups and additional cross-reactions, was detected. | 94,704 | [
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Keratinization of the conjunctiva. | Keratinization of the tarsal conjunctiva in an eye with adequate tears occurs following a number of conditions, including irritation and sensitivity to topical medications, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, radiation to the lid, and occasionally from unknown causes. The keratinized cells produce an epithelial keratitis with subsequent vascularization of the cornea. The morphogenesis of this condition is discussed, along with therapy including mucous membrane grafts and freezing of the tissue. | 94,716 | [
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Effect of cyproterone acetate on the genital organs of female rats. | Effects of cyproterone acetate, a synthetic steroidal compound, on the reproductive organs of female rats have been investigated. This agent causes reduction in ovarian weights indicative of suppression of pituitary gonadotrophins. Oestrogenic nature of cyproterone acetate was investigated in intact and ovariectomized animals taking uterine weight, vaginal keratinization and other oestrogen sensitive biochemical parameters. Cyproterone acetate in ovariectomized animals induced vaginal keratinization, increase in uterine weight and uterine protein, RNA, glycogen and sialic acid contents. These effects were parallel to the effect of oestradiol dipropionate in ovariectomized animals, thus indicating oestrogenic activity cyproterone acetate. The histological and biochemical parameters lead to the conclusion that cyproterone acetate possessed antifertility property due to its inherent oestrogenic nature. | 94,736 | [
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Transferable drug resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from infant diarrhoea. | The resistance to several drugs was determined in 29 pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (026, 055 and 0111) isolated from infant diarrhoea and 18 non-pathogenic E. coli strains isolated from the same individuals. Both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains were resistant to at least 1 to 10 drugs, but only in four cases resistance patterns of the pathogenic strains were identical with those of non pathogenic ones. The majority of the strains were resistant to sulfonamide, tetracycline, ampicillin, carbenicillin, neomycin and kanamycin. The drug resistance (except the resistance to nalidixic acid and rifampicin) was associated with conjugative R-plasmids. Some of the tested strains carried two R-plasmids in one cell, being in hetero R-state. | 94,745 | [
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Fungal nucleic acids as interferon inducers. | Nucleic acids isolated from the fungi Aspergillus niger x11, Piptoporus betulinus and Ganoderma applanatum reduced the number of vaccinia virus plaques in chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) tissue culture and when administered intravenously to white mice protected them against lethal infection with tick borne encephalitis virus strain K5 (TBE). In CEF tissue culture the nucleic acids of the studied fungi were found to induce small but detectable amounts of a substance with the character of interferon. In vivo only ribonucleic acid from G. applanatum induced a substance showing interferon properties in the spleen of mice. | 94,746 | [
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Occurrence and distribution of rhizobiophages in Indian soils. | Soil samples from 30 fields in neighbouring districts of Varanasi were screened for rhizobiophages on 60 Rhizobium strains. Plaques were observed on five strains: P1, P5, SU391 (R. leguminosarum), CB756 and 32H1 (Rhizobium sp.). Rhizobiophages infective on one or more of the five strains were present in all fields. There seems to be no correlation between presence of phage and the standing crop or the pH (7.1-8.2) of the soil. Eight distinct rhizobiophages have been isolated and characterized for host specificity, plaque morphology and maximum titer in broth. | 94,751 | [
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0.1248921... |
Serological relationships between Robinia mosiac, clover blotch and peanut stunt viruses. | Based on the results of agar gel double immunodiffusion tests with broad spectrum rabbit antisera and narrow spectrum mouse immune ascitic fluids and formalin-fixed purified viruses, a close relationship was established between 3 members of the Cucumovirus group namely Robinia mosaic virus (RoMV), clover blotch virus (CBV) and peanut stunt virus (PSV). The relationship of these 3 viruses to cucumber mosiac virus proved to be more distant. The results also suggested that RoMV and CBV could represent distinct strains of PSV. | 94,769 | [
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Detection and quantitation of Dermatophagoides antigens in house dust by immunochemical techniques. | Rabbit antibodies against D. pteronyssinus whole culture extract were rendered specific to mite antigens by immunoabsorption with extract of human dander. Using the absorbed antibodies, an extract of a mite culture gave rise to 15 peaks in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and to a titer of 512 in counter-immunoelectrophoresis. When applied to dust samples from the homes of allergic patients, counterimmunoelectrophoresis gave reproducible results within an error of 1 titer-step. Mite antigens were detected in 64% of 105 dust samples investigated. The titer correlated well (P less than 0.005) with the concentration of Dermatophagoides bodies, found in 13 mattress dust samples by microscopy. Advantages and limitations of immunochemical quantitations of house dust mites in dust samples is discussed in relation to investigations by microscopy. | 94,774 | [
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... |
Effect of evisceration on the disposal of [14C] palmitate in the rat. | The utilization in vivo of [1-(14)C] palmitate was studied in hepatectomized-nephrectomized rats and their sham-operated controls. After i.v. injection of the tracer, the [14C] lipids in plasma disappeared more slowly in eviscerated animals than in their controls. More label reappeared in plasma as esterified fatty acids in the latter group. At 30 min after the tracer, the amount of label found in the lipidic fraction of carcass and heart was much greater in eviscerated animals than in their controls although the percentile distribution of labelled lipidic fractions remained stable, a considerable proportion being present in the esterified fatty acid form. On the basis of these findings, the rapid increase in the plasma levels of FFA in eviscerated animals must be the result of augmented lipolytic activity more than reduced utilization of these metabolites. | 94,827 | [
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Protein nutrition of Tenebrio molitor L. XX. Growth response of larvae to graded levels of amino acids. | Larvae of Tenebrio molitor L;, Gembloux strain, race F, having an average initial weight of 10 mg were reared for 4 weeks at 27 +/- 0.25 degrees C and 65 +/- 5% relative humidity on diets containing an amino-acid mixture resembling the composition of larval tissues; Each of 14 amino acids was tested individually at levels of 0, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200% of the amount found in larval tissues, while the concentration of other amino acids remained constant. Diets were maintained isonitrogenous at 1.6% nitrogen with supplementary glutamic acid, glycine, serine and tyrosine; Maximum fresh weight gains and dry weights were achieved by larvae fed reference levels of all essential amino acids except phenylalanine, threonine and tryptophan. Maximum growth was achieved by larvae fed 50% of the phenylalanine level found in larval tissues, Threonine and tryptophan were the limiting amino acids in this study and are probably required in the diet in excess of twice the concentration occuring in larval tissues, Probable ranges for quantitative amino-acid requirements of T. molitor were determined and suggestions were made for improving the nutritional adequacy of the amino-acid mixture. | 94,831 | [
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Internalization of the amino terminal 1-78 sequence of the gamma chain of native fibrinogen and exposure associated with catabolism and plasmin cleavage. | Specific antibodies of the gamma 1--78 peptide of human fibrinogen were employed in binding assays and in equilibrium competitive inhibition assays to analyze the expression of gamma 1--78 antigenic determinants as an indication of the relative exposure of the gamma 1--78 sequence in the E domain of fibrinogen, high solubility fibrinogen subfractions I-8 and I-9, and plasmic cleavage fragments of fibrinogen and fibrin. A very limited exposure of gamma 1--78 sequences was found to occur concomitant with proteolytic deletions of the major carboxyterminal segment of the A alpha chains in fgI-8, fgI-9. Exposure of gamma 1--78 is not influenced by further proteolysis to fg-X which is associated with B beta 1--43 deletion. Further proteolysis to fg-Y, which is associated with deletion of beta 43--53 and of one of the D domains, is associated with additional exposure of gamma 1--78. This is not significantly influenced by further proteolysis to fg-E with deletion of the second D domain, deletion of A alpha 1--19, and proteolysis at the carboxyterminal aspects of the E domain chains. | 94,836 | [
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[Effects of different concentrations of chloramphenicol on RNA synthesis in E. coli]. | In the presence of 2 microgram/ml chloramphenicol the rate of total RNA synthesis increases 1,6-fold, while that of rRNA synthesis--2,5--3,0-fold. Other ribosomal antibiotics, e.g. oxytetracycline, neomycin and puromycin, as well as chloramphenicol stimulate the synthesis of RNA while not causing a complete inhibition of the protein synthesis. Intensive stimulation of the rate of rRNA synthesis with low concentrations of chloramphenicol may be due to a decrease of intracellular concentration of guanosine-5'-diphosphate, 3'-diphosphate, as well as to the maintenance of a sufficiently high level of protein synthesis under these conditions. | 94,838 | [
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[Animal experiments on the induction of humoral antibodies by repeated implantations of dental gelatin and dried fibrin foam]. | An attempt was made to demonstrate humoral antibodies against porcine and bovine protein in the sera of guinea pigs following repeated subcutaneous implantation of Gelastypt, Gelfoam, and Fibrospum. Precipitated antibodies against porcine protein could not be demonstrated with the agar gel double diffusion test in the sera of those animals in which gelatin substances had been implanted (starting protein: porcine collagen). Precipitated antibodies against bovine protein were demonstrable in the sera of all animals treated with Fibrospum (starting protein: bovine fibrin). The active hemagglutination test with porcine erythrocytes using sera taken from animals treated with gelatin substances showed a positive to high antibody titer in three cases. The same test carried out with bovine erythrocytes and sera from animals treated with Fibrospum showed positive to high antibody titer for all animals tested. | 94,853 | [
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The effects of aminotriazole (ATZ) on the thyroid gland and the development of the White Leghorn chick. | White Leghorn chicks, injected i.p. (days 3 through 40) with 0.5 g/kg or 1.0 g/kg mean body weight of aminotriazole (ATZ), gained less weight than the control animals. In the 1.0 g/kg ATZ group in comparison to the 0.5 g/kg animals, the responses were of greater magnitude and for longer durations of time. In both experimental groups, the thyroid/body weight ratios increased and were greater than those of the controls after day 10. In the higher dosage group, these ratios increased markedly, whereas with the lower dosage group, the ratios stabilized at a lower value. Histological alterations of the thyroid included hypertrophy, hyperplasia and hyperemia. To study the effect of cessation of drug treatment, groups of animals received the same dosages of ATZ through day 20. At the termination of the experiment (day 41), this resulted in a sharp increase in body weight, experimentals weighing as much as or more than the controls. Regarding the decrease in thyroid/body weight ratios, experimentals never attained the low control values. However, upon cessation of drug treatment, a return towards normal thyroid histology was noted. The gross body weight, the thyroid/body weight ratios, the histological analyses of the thyroidal components and the triiodothyronine and thyroxine determinations in the blood serum demonstrate that ATZ is a potent goitrogenic agent which produces a state of functional hypothyroidism. | 94,856 | [
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Clinical pharmacology of phlebotropic drugs. | Methods used in clinical and clinical pharmacological assessments of phlebotropic drugs are outlined. The knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of phlebotropic drugs in human organism is far from complete as yet. Of objective methods proving haemodynamic effects of phlebotropic drugs, the authors have the best experiences with the strain-gauge type occlusive plethysmography, which is capable of proving a reduction of the capillary filtration fraction even after a single administration of an active preparation to healthy volunteers. The control of the patient's subjective complaints by phlebotropic drugs is documented by statistically significant findings in double-blind clinical trials with a placebo. | 94,865 | [
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Biochemical mechanism of platelet activation. Involvement of contractile proteins. | The present state of knowledge of the biochemical mechanism of platelet activation (adhesion, shape change, microspike formation, aggregation, release reaction, clot retraction) is presented under involvement of contractile proteins. The working hypothesis on the contractile mechanism of platelet activation is explained. | 94,868 | [
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[The heterogeneity of streptokinases]. | Purified streptokinases of some strains of different types of Strep. pyrogenes (group A) as well as streptokinases of a strain of group C or group G streptococci, resp., were studied in regard of their heterogeneity. Differences of the streptokinases were found in their amino acid compositions and in isoelectric points. Serological differences were detected by a quantitative precipitation reaction with fluorescein-coupled antistreptokinase antisera from the goat as well as by neutralization reactions of the activator activities of the streptokinases by antistreptokinase antisera obtained from guinea pigs. | 94,885 | [
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[Animal experimental studies on fibrinolysis with streptokinase]. | In contrast to rabbit blood plasma, in guinea pig and rat blood plasma activation of fibrinolysis by streptokinase is achieved after addition of human plasminogen or human plasma only. A simple experimental procedure for testing application forms of streptokinase in rats is described. Fibrinolysis in vivo is more effective after subsequent administration of human plasma and streptokinase in rats than after administration of a mixture of human plasma and streptokinase (activator). | 94,886 | [
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[Early Awelysin therapy in massive pulmonary embolism after hip alloarthroplasty]. | The fibrinolytic therapy of massive frest pneumatic embolism represents an ensured progress today. Until now it was only possible to report on those cases where the patients had survived at least two hours from the beginning of the acute event. Two cases are reported here where the patients were successfully treated in spite of a standstill in the circulation. In a 60 years old female patient and 54 years old female hypertonic patient a successful reanimation could be performed in the early postoperative phase by applying a high dosage of awelysin. The progress indicated that the therapy has led to a lysis or partial lysis of embolus respectively and thus again to a perfusion of the lungs. At the same time the serious bleeding complications clearly indicate the limits of this aggressive form of intensive therapy. | 94,891 | [
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Ability of enriched immune T cells to confer resistance in hamsters to infection with Treponema pertenue. | This investigation presents the first direct evidence that T cells are involved in resistance to challenge with Treponema pertenue. Enriched T cells from immune hamsters were obtained by sequential filtration through glass and nylon-wool columns. This procedure removed the majority of functional antibody-producing and immunoglobulin-bearing cells. The fractionated cell suspensions were less responsive to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide, and dextran sulfate, but they were enriched with antithymocyte-sensitive cells and were more responsive to stimulation with concanavalin A. Hamsters receiving fractionated or unfractionated immune cells had no cutaneous lesions 21 days after infection and had significantly lower lymph node weights and fewer treponemes per node than hamsters that received fractionated or unfractionated normal cells. Resistance was transferred with immune cell suspension enriched in T cells despite an absence of anamnestic antibody response to specific treponemal antigens. | 94,906 | [
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[Kinetic determination of alpha-amylase in serum and urine with an oligosaccharide as substrate--modification for a fully mechanized enzyme measuring device (author's transl)]. | The author reports a modification of the UV method UltraZyme Plus alpha-Amyl Harleco and the adaptation to the Eppendorf Enzymautomat 5010. alpha-amylase acts on an oligosaccharide mixture yielding maltose, which is hydrolysed by alpha-glucosidase. The liberated glucose is determined specifically by the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+-dependent) method+ by addition of pyruvate, lactate dehydrogenase and ATP. Thereafter the lactate dehydrogenase reaction is stopped by addition of oxamate and the alpha-amylase activity is measured. | 94,928 | [
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Tumor-associated antigenic differences between the primary and the descendant metastatic tumor cell populations. | The existence of antigenic differences between cell populations in the local growth of the 3LL tumor (L-3LL) and its lung metastases (M-3LL) was studied. Normal C57BL/6 spleen cells sensitized in vitro for 5 days against L-3LL monolayers lysed preferentially L-3LL targets but not M-3LL tumor cell targets. Conversely, anti-M-366-sensitized lymphocytes killed M-3LL targets more efficiently than they killed L-3LL targets. Furthermore, spleen cells from mice bearing subcutaneous L-3LL tumors were significantly more cytotoxic to L-3LL targets than to M-3LL targets and vice versa. M-3LL cells were found also to be more resistant in vitro and in vivo to natural killer cells than were L-3LL tumor cells. M-3LL cells were more resistant than L-3LL cells to hybrid resistant mechanisms when they were inoculated into F1 (C3Heb x C57BL/6) or F1 (BALB/c x C57BL/6) mice. Anti-M-3LL lymphocytes generated both in vitro and in vivo, but not anti-L-3LL lymphocytes, admixed with L-3LL or M-3LL tumor cells and inoculated into footpads of syngeneic recipients suppressed the development of lung metastases. These results suggest that metastatic cells are indeed phenotypic variants of the local growing tumor cell populations. Presumably, these variants are selected for their capacity to home to and grow in the lungs, and for their resistance to specific immune effects initially evoked against the local tumor and to nonspecific natural killer cells. These data may prove to be of importance with respect to any rational approach to the problem of immunotherapy. | 94,933 | [
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[Our first results with cryotherapy on the prostate]. | It is reported on our first experiences with the cryotherapy in 15 patients with adenomas of the neck of the bladder and carcinoma of the prostate who all on account of high quantities of residual urine underwent a permannt catheterisation and in whom an open operation of Tur were contraindicated due to severe concurring secondary diseases. 2/3 of the patients we could free from the permanent catheter, in 1/3 an undisturbed miction free from residual urine was possible In 1/3, however, the catheter had to be kept also after the end of the treatment. | 94,966 | [
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The effect of cyclophosphamide on a secondary ocular immune response in rabbits. | Treatment of rabbits with immunosuppressive doses of cyclophosphamide during the primary response to intravitreally injected bovine gamma globulin did not prevent priming for a secondary response to the same antigen. High antibody titers were found in the aqueous humor and serum of most of the treated rabbits. Ocular tissue plaque forming cell numbers were similar to those of the controls in many of the rabbits, and slightly lower in others. Treatment with cyclophosphamide completely suppressed the ocular immune response in many rabbits that had undergone a primary response following intravitreal injection of BGC. The response in other animals was depressed but not completely inhibited. The presence of ocular inflammation and lymphocytes in the challenged eyes of the treated rabbits suggested a differential effect of cyclophosphamide on cells stimulated to divide after challenge. | 94,972 | [
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Genetic polymorphism and close linkage of two alpha 1-protease inhibitors in horse serum. | Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of horse serum proteins was done by a first-dimension separation in agarose gel (pH 5.4) followed by a second-dimension separation in horizontal polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0). This method resulted in improved and reproducible separation of many alpha-globulins. Two groups of alpha 1-globulins, designated Pi1 and Pi2, were found to be protease inhibitors. Preliminary studies indicated that Pi1 and Pi2 proteins differed from each other in molecular weight and in protease inhibiting spectra. Extensive polymorphism was observed for both these proteins. Family data supported the hypothesis that Pi1 and Pi2 types were controlled by autosomal codominant alleles. For both Pi1 and Pi2 systems, most of the homozygous types showed two fractions each while the heterozygous types had 4 fractions. Six Pi1 and five Pi2 alleles were observed in two breeds of Swedish horses. Complete genetic linkage was observed for Pi1 and Pi2 loci as no recombinant type was observed in 40 informative matings studied. | 94,978 | [
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[Histochemical behavior of succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase as well as ribonucleic acid in the epithelium of lactic ducts and alveoli of cow udder]. | The activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as the ribonucleic acid levels in the epithelium of both the lactic ducts and alveoli of lactic glands were examined in heifers, close to full term, lactating cows, some of them with subclinical mastitis lesions, and udder biopsies of two cows. The activities of SDH and LDH as well as RNA levels were pronounced in the glandular epithelium of alveoli and in the epithelium of the lesser lactic ducts. All three parameters were also pronounced but at lower levels in the cells of the apical stratum of the two-layer epithelium in the greater lactic ducts. Relationships were found to exist between the enzyme activities and RNA levels and the lactation cycle. Their patterns and manifestations were more or less typical of those areas of the lactic gland which were affected by mastitis. | 94,987 | [
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[Carcinoma of papilla of Vater and its surgical treatment (author's transl)]. | Partial pancreato-duodenectomy is in our opinion the method of choice. Mortality rate 15%; 5-years survival rate 31.5%. The results obtained by resection of Vater's papilla are less favourable: the mean survival time comes only up to less than 50%. Palliative procedures should only be practiced in cases of incurability. | 95,074 | [
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Effects of progesterone on the oestrogen-stimulated uterus: a comparative study of the mouse, guinea pig, rabbit and sheep. | To examine more closely the anti-oestrogenic action of progesterone (P), its effect on various parameters in the 17 beta-oestradiol (E2)-primed uterus of the mouse, guinea pig, rabbit and ewe was studied. Changes in uterine wet weight, rate of in vitro protein synthesis, protein : DNA and RNA : DNA ratios, peroxidase activity and the level of cytosol receptors for E2 and P were measured. Considerable between-species differences in the effect of P on these parameters were observed. The anti-uterotrophic action was greater in the mouse than in the guinea pig and was not seen in the rabbit or ewe. P inhibited protein synthesis in the mouse, was without significant effect in the guinea pig and was mildly stimulatory in the rabbit and ewe. Inhibitory effects on protein : DNA and RNA : DNA ratios were substantial in the mouse, minor in the guinea pig and absent in the rabbit and ewe. Peroxidase activity was decrease in the mouse and guinea pig, essentially lacking in the rabbit and not detectable in the ewe. In all species the level of both oestrogen and progesterone cytosol receptors was decreased, although the effect on the E2 receptor was less marked in the ewe. The results indicate that in the species studied an effect of P on the replenishment of the E2 receptor is not necessarily associated with other anti-oestrogenic actions of P and argue against the concept that initial anti-oestrogenic actions of P are mediated via a specific effect on such replenishment. | 95,094 | [
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0.1999647,
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Development of metabolic shifts in structures of the spinal reflex arc in rats after space flight. | The stage of structures of the spinal reflex arc was studied by methods of quantitative cytochemistry in rats after orbital space flights lasting 19.5 and 22.5 days; the RNA and cytoplasmic protein content was determined in spinal motoneurons and sensory neurons of the spinal ganglia, the composition of soluble proteins of the gray and white matter of the spinal cord and spinal ganglia was determined; the lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isozyme spectrum also was investigated in the spinal ganglia and muscles of the hind limbs. A decrease in the content of cytoplasmic proteins in the spinal motoneurons and neurons of the spinal ganglia and a decrease in the content of water-soluble proteins in the gray and white matter of the spinal cord were found 5-11 h after space flight lasting 19.5 days and during the first day after a space flight lasting 22.5 days. Significant changes in the activity of isozyme fractions LD1 and LD2 were found in homogenates of the spinal ganglia. On the 1st and 2nd days after flight the LD isozyme spectrum of the soleus muscle changed from "cardiac" to "intermediate" type. The changes discovered were evidently the result of functional underactivity of the skeletal muscles under conditions of weightlessness. An increase in the RNA content in the sensory and motor neurons and an increase in the content of water-soluble proteins in the gray matter of the spinal cord were found 25-27 days after the end of the space flights, probably a manifestation of readaptation of the animals to terrestrial conditions. | 95,099 | [
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Age-dependent changes in tolerizability with rabbit gamma-globulin in the Biozzi high and low-responder lines of mice. | The antibody response to rabbit gamma-globulin (RGG) of high-responder, but not of low-responder Biozzi mice decreased with age. Injection with aggregate-freed RGG reduced the response of high-responder but not of low-responder mice to subsequent injections with aggregated RGG. This reduction in the antibody response, formed by high-responder mice, decreased with increasing age; aggregate-freed RGG appeared to sensitize 6-month-old low-responder mice to a subsequent injection with aggregated RGG. When animals, not pretreated with aggregate-freed RGG, were immunized with RGG and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the immune response was greatly enhanced. The response of both pretreated low and high responders was substantially smaller than that of corresponding animals which were not given aggregate-freed RGG, prior to immunization. LPS revealed an inhibitory effect on low-responder mice of aggregate-freed RGG, which was not detected upon immunization with heat-aggregated RGG alone. The involvement of nonspecific suppressor cells and of B cell tolerance in low-responder mice is discussed. | 95,106 | [
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... |
Immunologically active zones in bovine growth hormone. | Antigenic determinant areas were detected in bovine growth hormone fragments 6--124 and 125--149, the former being predominant. Reduction and carboxymethylation of disulfide bridge 53--164 destroys the immunological reactivity of the area which is little affected by reduction and carbamoylmethylation. All the activity found in fragment 6--124 seems to be concentrated in the sequence 87--124. | 95,107 | [
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Actions of quinacrine on RNA and casein syntheses in mouse mammary gland explants. | Quinacrine at concentrations of 0.025 mM and greater significantly reduced or abolished the prolactin stimulation of RNA synthesis in mouse mammary gland explants. At concentrations of 0.01 mM or greater, the stimulatory action of prolactin on [3H]-leucine incorporation into a casein-rich protein fraction was also reduced or abolished. The possible relationship of these actions of quinacrine to its inhibition of phospholipase A2 and/or prostaglandin biosynthesis is discussed. | 95,126 | [
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Combination chemotherapy of malignant histiocytosis. | Three patients with malignant histiocytosis treated with combination chemotherapy are reported. Induction treatment included bleomycin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (BACOP). Complete response was obtained in one patient who is alive and well 32 months after diagnosis. A partial response was obtained in the second patient, who is alive and well 35 months after diagnosis. The third patient died with drug-induced agranulocytosis and sepsis. | 95,146 | [
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0.08372... |
Nucleic acids and protein changes in normal and pre-eclamptic placentae. | DNA and RNA assayed in the placentae of three groups of pregnant women: normal second trimester (16-28), normal third trimester (28 weeks up to term) and in preeclampsia. The protein level in the placentae of the three groups was also assayed. The proteins, DNA and RNA all decreased after 28 weeks and up to term in normal pregnancy. In pre-eclampsia DNA and RNA showed a significant increase compared with cases of normal third trimester pregnancy. Whereas the proteins also showed an increased level, this was still less than its concentration during the second trimester of pregnancy. Protein/DNA and RNA/DNA ratios were calculated for the three groups. These ratios showed a gradual decrease during normal pregnancy from 16 weeks up to term, but with a sharper decrease in pre-eclampsia. | 95,149 | [
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Visualization of mitochondrial coupling factor F1(ATPase) by freeze-drying. | It is known that the negatively stained preparations of inner mitochondrial membrane display characteristic approximately 9 nm F1 (ATPase) knobs projecting from the matrix surface. Freeze-etch studies have reported the absence of such knobs from the "etched" surface of the inner mitochondrial membranes. We have demonstrated their presence on the surface of SMP (submitochondrial particles) prepared by freeze-drying for transmission electron microscopy. This identification has been substantiated by comparison with freeze-dried TU particles (trypsin-urea treated SMP) that are devoid of F1 (ATPase). It has been suggested that a layer of water molecules is strongly adsorbed to the surface of SMP and does not sublime during normal freeze-"etching." | 95,168 | [
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A theoretical model for adhesion between cells mediated by multivalent ligands. | A theoretical model is developed for cell-to-cell binding by bivalent ligands that can bind to mobile receptors on the cell surfaces. Monovalent inhibitors that can bind either to receptors or ligands are also included. For symmetrical ligands, that is, ligands in which both binding sites are the same, it is shown that crosslinking of receptors on each cell will interfere with intercellular bridge formation. At equilibrium, such interference is not drastic, but if the crosslinks can form before the cells are brought into contact, crosslinking may greatly impede the rate of intercellular binding. Comparison is made with experiments, and the importance of receptor mobility is discussed. It is noted that ligands can also bind a cell to itself or to a surface. | 95,173 | [
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Analysis of cellular DNA distributions. I. G2/G1 channel ratios. | In the influencent-flow cytophotometric measurement of cellular DNA content the DNA distributions usually have two peaks. The second peak, which corresponds to the 4C DNA content of G2 and M cells, is often positioned at lower values of DNA content than twice that of the 2C DNA peak which contains G1 cells. Computerized numerical analyses were performed on artificial DNA distributions in which the proportion of S-phase cells was varied. It was demonstrated that the contribution of late S-phase cells to the 4C DNA peak in the histogram shifts the second peak to a position below twice the 2C DNA value. Also, increasing the coefficient of variation of the DNA measurement shifts the second peak position to lower values. A group of 33 DNA distribution histograms we found to have an average G2/G1 peak position ratio of 1.90, in keeping with typical values obtained from the numerical analysis of the artificial populations. | 95,178 | [
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Heterogeneity, immunological comparison and concentration profiles of alpha-fetoproteins derived from late-gestational and early postnatal mouse tissue. | Four distinct alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) species were separated by ion-exchange chromatography of the approximately 70 000 dalton fraction of an extract of late-gestation fetal mice. Although chromatographicaly heterogeneous, antigenic differences among the AFP species resolved were not detected using classical double-diffusion methods. Analysis of the AFP contribution to total body saline-extractable protein of fetal and neonatal mice revealed an abrupt decrease in the fetal AFP contribution to total body saline-extractable protein commencing after the 18th day of gestation. | 95,198 | [
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Pacing-induced alternate Wenckebach periods: incidence and clinical significance. | Alternate Wenckebach periods have been defined as episodes of 2:1 atrioventricular (AV) block in which conducted P waves exhibit progressive PR prolongation until two or three successively blocked P waves. Ocurrence of this phenomenon during atrial pacing has been established. Thirty-six patients were studied and right atrial pacing was achieved at increasing rates up to 350 beats/min in order to induce alternate Wenckebach periods. His bundle recordings were obtained in every patient. The patients were subdivided into three groups according to the AV nodal conduction time (AH interval): normal AH (75-130 ms) was present in 17 patients, short AH (70 ms) in 13 patients and prolonged AH (130 ms) in eight patients. Alternate Wenckebach periods were observed in 29 patients (80.5%). In every patient alternate Wenckebach periods occurred at the AV node level. Atrial pacing failed to induce alternate Wenckebach periods in seven patients, six of whom belonged to the short AH group. In four patients 3:1 block never appeared because of block at the atrial level. Two patients presented 2:1 and 3:1 infrahissian block without significant AH prolongation. The remaining patient developed atrial fibrillation. Alternate Wenckebach periods were observed in six of nine patients after intravenous atropine. This study suggests: 1. pacing-induced alternate Wenckebach periods at the AV node level are a physiologic phenomenon; and 2. total or partial bypass (or accelerated AV conduction) atrial refractoriness or vulnerability or block at a lower level may prevent its occurrence. | 95,224 | [
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Aggression in humans correlates with cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites. | Cerebrospinal fluid of the major central metabolites of serotonin (5HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA)--5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy=phenylglycol (MHPG), and homovanillic acid (HVA), respectively--were studied in a group of 26 age-similar military men with no history of major psychiatric illness, but with various personality disorders and difficulties adjusting to military life. Independently scored history of aggressive behavior showed a significant negative correlation with 5HIAA (r = -0.78) and a significant positive correlation with MHPG (r = 0.64). | 95,232 | [
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An efficient procedure for serial nucleic acid hybridizations by titration analysis. | A simplified and efficient procedure has been developed for performing hybridization reactions and analyses of the percentage of hybridization on glass plates. This method is as accurate as conventional methods, while considerably reducing the time and costs to perform the hybridization in titration hybridization experiments. | 95,241 | [
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Diagnostic implications of atrial vulnerability. | Extrastimulation in the atrial vulnerable zone may result in atrial fibrillation or flutter (AFF), especially with stimulation of multiple atrial sites. However, the clinical relevance of such vulnerability to AFF is unknown. Therefore, single twice-threshold extrastimuli were applied at three disparate right atrial sites in 45 consecutive unmedicated patients without overt heart failure. Group I consisted of 12 patients with documented spontaneous paroxysms of AFF. AFF was duplicated in 9 to 12 patients using extrastimulation in the vulnerable zone (5 in sinus rhythm, 4 requiring atrial pacing at 120 beats/min). Group II consisted of 33 patients without documented AFF dispite monitoring. Vulnerability to AFF was found in 12 of 33 patients (4 in sinus rhythm, 8 requiring atrial pacing). The duration of induced AFF did not discriminate between the two groups. Among the 12 Group II patients vulnerable to AFF, 3 had rapid palpitations, 2 had undiagnosed rapid tachycardias, 1 had atrial tachycardias and 1 junctional tachycardias. In vulnerable patients, the pause after AFF correlated with the pause after atrial pacing, but only 1 of 11 Group II patients with sick sinus syndrome was vulnerable. Thus, paroxysmal AFF may be duplicated with the extrastimulus technique if sufficient arial sites are stimulated, providing a model for evaluation of these arrhythmias. But atrial vulnerability, even to extrastimulation at normal heart rates, may be seen in patients suspected of atrial tachyarrhythmia in the absence of documented AFF, and does not contribute to the diagnosis of sinoatrial dysfunction. | 95,283 | [
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Adrenergaically mediated ventricular fibrillation in probucol-treated dogs: roles of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. | A high incidence of sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) has been observed in dogs under chronic treatment with probucol, a new hypocholesterolemic agent. The present study describes the cardiac electrophysiologic properties of probucol-treated dogs and characterizes the electrophysiological response of these animals to manipulation of the autonomic nervous system. There was no significant difference in the spontaneous sinus cycle length, the QT interval, refractory period of the atrium, ventricle or A-V junction between normal and probucol-treated dogs. Epinephrine produced VF with few and sometimes no preceding premature ventricular extrasystoles. Electrical stimulation of the stellate ganglion induced VF in 16/19 dogs whereas stimulation of the right stellate ganglion induced VF in 1/19 dogs. Phenylephrine induced VF in 0/19 dogs, isoproterenol in 5/19 dogs, but phenylephrine + isoproterenol induced VF in 9/11 dogs in which isoproterenol did not produce VF. alpha (phentolamine) or beta (propranolol) blockade prevented initiation of VF by epinephrine, phenylephrine + is isoproterenol, and left stellate stimulation but alpha blockade did not prevent induction of VF by isoproterenol when isoproterenol alone produced VF. In this nonischemic model, we conclude that left stellate stimulation is a far more potent initiator of VF than right stellate stimulation and that induction of VF appears to require both alpha and beta adrenergic receptor stimulation. | 95,312 | [
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Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of disaccharides from glycoproteins. | Partial acid hydrolysis and methanolysis released disaccharides and disaccharide methylglycosides from the glycoproteins, ovomucoid and porcine gastric mucin in amounts of 0.5--7 microgram disaccharide per mg of glycoprotein. These disaccharides were fractionated by gas chromatography as the trimethylsilyl (Me3Si) derivatives. The composition of recovered disaccharides has been determined by hydrolysis and rechromatography of the Me3Si monosaccharides. The intersaccharide linkages of the disaccharides have been determined by electron impact mass spectrometry. This simple and rapid method can give structural information on small glycoprotein samples. | 95,343 | [
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Hearing thresholds with outer and inner hair cell loss. | Hearing impairment and related cochlear histopathologic changes were evaluated in experimental animals after treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics or exposure to intense sound. In the course of treatment with kanamycin, neomycin, or dihydrostreptomycin, permanent hearing loss in monkeys and guinea pigs occurred first at the high frequencies and progressed toward the lows. Exposure to different octave bands of noise at 120 dB SPL in monkeys and chinchillas produced permanent hearing loss at frequencies related to the spectral characteristics of the octave band. In most instances loss of outer hair cells was substantially greater than that of inner hair cells. In fact, the pattern and location of missing outer hair cells on the basilar membrane were most often correlated with threshold shifts of 50 dB or less. Generally inner hair cell loss was observed when the threshold shift was greater than 50 dB. Our data support the place principle and the inference that the outer hair cells are essential for hearing from threshold to about 50 dB SL. The inner hair cells, if functioning normally, apparently take over above that level. Although there is little doubt that such a generalization will, in the long term, be found to have been greatly oversimplified, there is every reason to believe that a combination of behavioral and morphologic procedures, as used in this study, will play an important part in elucidating the differences in functional significance of the two types of hair cells. | 95,382 | [
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The fibrinolysin system in otitis media with effusion. | Middle ear effusions can cause the fibrinolytic dissolution of human fibrin clots. The data presented herein indicate that the highest level of fibrinolytic activity and general proteolytic activity is found in the serous effusions. The mucoid effusions show the lowest levels of fibrinolytic activity. The significance of the fibrinolytic activity in middle ear fluids is not fully understood. Plasmin, the active protease of the fibrinolysin system, is capable of activating a number of proteolytic systems, including the intrinsic coagulation system, the vasoactive peptide system, and the complement system. All the inflammatory mediator systems can promote increased vascular permeability, tissue edema, and leukocytic migration. The relation of these systems to inflammation in the middle ear may have a profound influence on the possible conversion of a simple middle ear effusion into chronic otitis media. | 95,383 | [
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Preliminary quantification of immunological relationships among the transaldolases of the genus Bifidobacterium. | The immunological relatedness among the transaldolases (dihydroxyacetone transferase, E.C. 2.2.1.2) of twenty species of the genus Bifidobacterum has been tested by the microcomplement fixation method, using B. thermophilum (B. ruminale) RU326 (= ATCC 25866), B. cuniculi RA93 (= ATCC 27916) and B. 'minimum' (DNA homology group) F392 (= ATCC 27916) as references. Based on the serological relationships of the transaldolases, expressed either as indices of dissimilarity or as immunological distances, the twenty species of the genus Bifidobacterium were arranged into clusters. These clusters generally coincided with the immunological groups obtained previously by the immunodiffusion method (Sgorbati and Scardovi, 1979). | 95,386 | [
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Pathogenesis of proliferative neovascular retinopathies and the role of vitrectomy. A hypothesis. | Proliferative neovascular retinopathies may be caused by the release of a hypothetical vasoproliferative factor, but mechanical factors seem to self-perpetuate the disease as well. Contraction of proliferative tissue causes vitreous detachment and traction on the retina. Congestion of vascular fronds by traction further stimulates vascularization. Traction on vessels results in hemorrhages. Surgical removal of all intravitreal scaffolds by vitrectomy seems to eliminate the development of this vicious cycle. Results of vitreous surgery seem to indicate that the hypothesis of scaffold removal is valid. | 95,405 | [
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-0.1839694,
-0.... |
Guinea-pig keratinocytes and melanocytes in tissue culture: scanning, transmission and high voltage electron microscope observations. | Keratinocytes and melanocytes cultured from guinea-pig epidermis were studied with scanning, transmission and high voltage electron microscopy to characterize the surface and internal morphology. Keratinocytes exhibited contact-inhibition and a range of surface structures consistent with cell-cycle dependent changes. Stereoscopic analysis of high voltage electron micrographs indicated regular oval nuclei with nucleoli at different depths, while thin sections revealed local channels in the nuclei. Secondary cultures differed from primary cultures in the disorder of the microfilaments, in the failure to form desmosomes, and in the failure of melanocytes to persist in culture. The beaded surface of melanocytes was indicative of underlying melanosomes that were seen in high voltage micrographs. Melanocytes were rounded with moderate ruffles or were dendritic with ruffles on the termini. These findings are discussed in relation to the observational techniques and in relation to modes of locomotion of and pigment transfer to epidermal cells. | 95,456 | [
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-0.1047... |
[Effects of DDT and aldrin on swine cell line IB-RS-2]. | Swine cells IB-RS-2 were exposed to 0,1-100 microgram/ml medium of DDT and aldrin for 48 hours. The data obtained showed that both compounds decreased cell growth. This effect depends on the concentration and on the time of cell exposition to the insecticides. These compounds also decreased the levels of cellular protein, RNA and DNA. The degrees of changes with aldrin were less than with DDT. | 95,479 | [
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... |
[Chemotherapy of non-microcellular disseminated bronchial cancer (author's transl)]. | Fifty-one patients suffering from non-microcellular bronchial cancer with metastasis were divided at random into two groups: 33 patients received BACFON polychemotherapy, 18 patients did not receive chemotherapy. There was no global significant difference between the two groups (total mean survival time : 22 weeks with good therapy and 18 without), but a significant difference could be observed if there was an early response (M.S.T. : 38 weeks) compared to no response (M.S.T. : 15 weeks). Similar results were obtained when radiotherapy was associated (M.S.T. : 34 weeks) compared to chemotherapy without radiotherapy (M.S.T. : 22 weeks). | 95,488 | [
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0.3480242,
0.1605323,
-0.075989... |
Na+ interacting with gramicidin D. A nuclear magnetic resonance study. | 23Na nuclei in a milk-white emulsion composed to nonionic surfactant and higher alcohol in saline were characterized by single values of T1 and T2 and a single Larmor frequency. In the presence of small amounts of gramicidin D (Dubos), the relaxations of 23Na were greatly accelerated, and the transverse relaxation was a sum of two decaying exponentials. But only a single T1 was observed; it was roughly equal to the slow T2. The slow T2 accounted for about 40% of the total resonance intensity. The relaxation rates increased linearly with the increase of the gramicidin concentration. The absorption signal consisted of a narrow and a broad line, both centered at the same frequency. The present results suggest that nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a useful tool for studying the nature of ion-permeable channels of biological membranes, even when the channel has no ionizable groups. | 95,566 | [
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0.003340294,... |
[Determination of the ribonuclease activity of the duodenal contents of children as a test in the differential diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency]. | Ribonuclease activity was determined in the duodenal contents of healthy children, in children with cystic fibrosis and with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Assays were made at 7.0, in 0.05 M buffer without and with 0.35 M NaCl. The ratio of activity in 0.35 M NaCl to that in buffer alone was found to be 2.4 +/- 1.3 for children with cystic fibrosis as compared with 12 +/- 5 for the control group and children with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. | 95,633 | [
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0.1467538,
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0.06348096,
... |
Risks of delayed potentials in pacemaker patients prone to ventricular tachycardia. | Late potentials occurring after completion of the QRS complex have been observed in patients prone to ventricular tachycardia. They were recorded either during epicardial studies or in the catheterization laboratory. This paper describes such abnormal myocardial activity and discusses their potential effects on cardiac pacemakers. | 95,639 | [
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0.1777549,
0.0004183854,
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0.1350643,
0.1776628,
... |
Increased survival of experimental skin flaps in rats following treatment with antiadrenergic drugs. | The effect upon the survival of skin flaps of several drugs which affect the adrenergic system was studied in rats. In control animals 41% of the skin flaps had survived seven days after the operation. Reserpine (1 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) three days and one day before the flap operation increased the surviving flap area by 75% (p less than 0.001) as compared to control rats injected with saline. I.p. injection of guanethidine (5 mg/kg) or bretylium (10 mg/kg) every 12 hours, starting 24 hours before surgery and continued for 5 consecutive days, also increased the surviving flap area (19 and 33% respectively p less than 0.001). The surviving flap area was unchanged when desipramine (5 mg/kg) was injected in the same way and was decreased by 15% (p less than 0.05) following i.p. injection of the MAO inhibitor pheniprazine (5 mg/kg). Treatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (75 mg/kg), i.p. 30 min before surgery or 6-hydroxydopamine (50 mg/kg) i.v. 24 hours prior to surgery also increased the flap survival (56 and 49% increase in surviving flap area, respectively, p less than 0.001). The results demonstrated that the survival of skin flaps increased when the function of the adrenergic nervous system was inhibited. Enhanced sympathetic nervous activity slightly reduced or did not affect skin flap survival. | 95,655 | [
0.1439591,
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0.29583,
0.06798071,
-... |
[Indications for relief and palliative operations]. | Torkildsen and Spitz-Holter drainages and/or osteoclastic trepanation were performed on 29 patients suffering from a severe increase in intracranial pressure and/or a severely worsened general condition as a relieving intervention in order to permit a tumor operation later. The relieving measure enabled a tumor operation in 28 patients. The same procedure was used as a palliative step for another group of 73 patients suffering from inoperable tumorous processes. Evaluation in these cases showed that the release of pressure via the liquor system brought a prolongation of life while at the same time alleviating painful symptoms, in 50 per cent of the patients. Osteoclastic trepanation, on the other hand, appeared to be unsuitable as a palliative measure. The text is accompanied by tables. | 95,657 | [
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0.02611249,
0.1099927,
-0.1062803... |
Immunochemical comparison of human and goat haptoglobin and alpha 2-macroglobulin. | 1. A non-haptoglobin alpha 2-globulin was observed in the plasma of goats (Capra hircus) after inflammatory stresses. 2. This stress reaction protein exhibited an electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight similar to goat haptoglobin. 3. Complete immunological cross-reactivity was demonstrated between the goat protein and human alpha 2-macroglobulin. 4. The functional and evolutionary significance of these observations are discussed. | 95,679 | [
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0.2905377,
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0.2582907,
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-0.21... |
Amylase activity, glycoprotein and electrolyte concentration in rat's submaxillary salivary gland during heat acclimation. | 1. Amylase activity, glycoproteins, Na and K concentrations were measured in submaxillary salivary gland of the rat during heat acclimation (34 degrees C). 2. Acclimation resulted in a decrease in glycoprotein concentration and amylase activity, whereas Na and K concentrations and the Na/K ratio increased. 3. It is suggested that heat acclimation results in an increase in glandular activity leading to increased water secretion and depletion of the glycoprotein store. The decrease in amylase activity is probably due to liver atrophy which occurs during prolonged heat exposure. | 95,684 | [
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0.4037901,
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0.202145,
-0.07048161,
-0.00777809... |
Selected enzyme activities in Mya arenaria hemolymph. | 1. The activities of lysozyme, acid and alkaline phosphatases, beta-glucuronidase, amylase, lipase, glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in the whole hemolymph and 4000 g pellets and supernatants of Mya arenaria were determined. 2. All of these enzymes, except for amylase, occurred in whole hemolymph as well as in the 4000 g pellet and supernatant. 3. Based on earlier observations, these enzymes are believed to be of cellular origin within hemolymph cells. 4. In the case of amylase, it only occurred in the whole hemolymph and/or serum and is believed to have originated from the crystalline style. | 95,692 | [
0.1289202,
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0.2681434,
0.2625531,
0.3910152,
0.1228465,
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0.28... |
Minute eye movement during sleep. | The minute eye movements of 4 sleeping subjects were studied with a piezo-electric strain-gauge transducer. The frequency and amplitude of ocular microtremor activity diminished during sleep. Activity increased after auditory stimulation and with the appearance of a K complex in the EEG. The ocular microtremor activity also increased with the onset of rapid eye movement (REM). Low amplitude 'micronystagmoid' movements were observed at intervals throughout sleep. In contrast to the changes observed during sleep, ocular microtremor activity did not diminish during hypnosis. The transducer was far more sensitive than the conventional EOG recording system. | 95,706 | [
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0.3541064,
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0.174... |
Minoxidil in resistant hypertension. | Minoxidil in combination with propranolol and diuretics controlled the blood-pressure in a group of hypertensive patients who were resistant to treatment with large doses of standard drugs. The main problem was fluid retention but subjective side-effects were fewer than in a comparable group on other drugs. | 95,728 | [
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0.2398712,
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0... |
Occurrence of M-proteins in the CSF of a child with prolonged meningococcal meningitis. | CSF of a 4-month-old boy with prolonged, meningococcal meningitis revealed oligoclonal immunoglobulin G about 10 weeks after hospital admission. These proteins persisted for at least 4 months. In contrast to this child, a further 10 infants and young children with bacterial meningitis, whose CSF was examined between 4 weeks and 6 3/4 months subsequent to onset of the disease, showed no such abnormality. Since the presented boy was the only patient treated with a corticosteroid, his altered immune reaction could be related to the immunosuppressive effect of this drug. | 95,803 | [
-0.04788257,
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0.0468821,
... |
[Vitamin E activity of some alpha-tocopherol derivatives and their effect on the ubiquinone level in rat liver in vitro]. | An addition of alpha-tocopherol (I) and its synthetic derivatives (alpha-tocopheryl quinone (II), its short-chained analog (III), alpha-tocopherol lactone (IV), and short-chained alpha-tocopheryl acetate (V)) to the homogenized liver of vitamin E deficient rats resulted in a significant increase of ubiquinone after 2 hour incubation. Activity of the above derivatives (II-V) was not associated directly with their transformation into I or with a noticeable increase of the I content. There is a certain correlation between the chemical structure and the level of vitamin E activity of alpha-tocopherol derivatives that led to an increase in the ubiquinone content and prevented the decrease of tissue respiration and termination of pregnancy in rats. | 95,824 | [
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0... |
[Pigments produced by Bacillus subtilis var. niger 16k]. | Pigments produced by Bacillus subtilis var. niger 16k on tyrosine agar and histidine containing synthetic medium were isolated and identified. On the basis of a number of tests the pigments were classified as melanins. | 95,833 | [
0.04248134,
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0.1219563,
0.6828427,
0.08532498,
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[Conditions for isolation of cholesterol oxidase from Actinomyces lavendulae mycelia]. | The isolation conditions, composition and certain properties of cholesterol oxidase from the mycelium Actinomyces lavendulae were studied. Selective extraction of the enzyme occurred upon the mycelium extraction by the Tween-80 containing buffer. The specific activity of cholesterol oxidase thus obtained exceeded seven-fold that of the enzyme isolated via other methods. The optimal concentration of the detergent upon extraction was 0.15%. By disc-electrophoresis it was demonstrated that the preparation isolated from disrupted cells contained, in addition to cholesterol oxidase, 16 other protein components that had no enzymatic activity whereas the Tween-80 extracted preparation included no more than 7 fractions. The study of the relationship between activity of the resultant cholesterol oxidase and the substrate concentration and pH demonstrated that optimal conditions for the enzyme action were at pH 7.0-7.5 and cholesterol oxidase concentration of 0.0316 mM. | 95,829 | [
-0.1006144,
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... |
[The histone hydrolase of the liver and kidneys in rats in postnatal ontogeny]. | It has been demonstrated that total homogenates and subcellular fractions of the liver and kidneys of rats exhibit proteolytic activity which specifically digests histone at pH 8.5. The activity of histone hydrolase undergoes age changes in all the subcellular fractions of the liver and kidneys, except the nuclear fraction. Various histone fractions possess different sensitivity to the effect of histone hydrolase. The described enzyme from the liver and kidneys of rats is similar to the histone protease of other vertebrates, although in some respects its properties are somewhat different. | 95,849 | [
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0.3004633,
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0.2988951,
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-... |
Specificities of rabbit anti-human insulin receptor antibodies. | Human insulin receptors obtained from normal human placentae were highly purified by affinity chromatography and used to immunize rabbits. The immunological response was evaluated in order to reveal the presence of antibodies blocking the binding of insulin to monocytes of normal subjects. Since no blocking activity was found IgG from rabbits were coupled to agarose in order to evaluate the presence of antibodies directed to determinant(s) other than the insulin binding site. One rabbit was found to produce antibodies binding the insulin receptor on a site different from the insulin binding site. | 95,885 | [
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0.2110341,
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0.08891439,
0.1324247,
0.1329889,
-0.07846013,... |
[The oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in the reindeer Rangifer tarandus before and after labor]. | It has been demonstrated that the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen in the reindeer Rangifer tarandus decreases with ageing. The value of P50 for hemoglobin of 2-3 month foetuses is equal to 22.0 +/- 0.8 mm Hg, newborn animals--to 24.5 +/- 0.5 and adult ones--to 28.0 +/- 0.5 mm Hg. After dialysis, these values are equal correspondingly to 12.2 +/- 0.5, 19.3 +/- 0.4 and 23.6 +/- 0.6 mm Hg. Therefore foetal hemoglobin exhibits significantly higher oxygen affinity as compared to the adult type. | 95,887 | [
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0.1127944,
0.3153991,
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... |
[Precipitating immunoenzyme revealed tests on cellulose acetate. Use of ELIEDA (enzyme-linked-immuno-electro-diffusion assay) and ELIDEPA (enzyme-linked-immuno-double-electrophoresis-assay) in parasitology]. | Precipitating tests carried out on cellulose acetate membrane were revealed by treating the immune complexes with enzyme linked anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. We insist on the importance of ELIEDA (enzyme-linked-immuno-electro-diffusion-assay) and ELIDEPA (enzyme-linked-immuno-double-electro-phoresis-assay) for the study of antibody classes involved in the immune response. | 95,891 | [
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0.1340107,
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0.1717589,
0.4246082,
0.114281,
-0.1506294,
... |
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