[ { "id": "0", "type": "disease", "text": "Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia during low dose intermittent dobutamine treatment in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachycardia", "dilated cardiomyopathy", "congestive heart failure" ] }, { "id": "1", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors describe the case of a 56 - year - old woman with chronic , severe heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy and absence of significant ventricular arrhythmias who developed QT prolongation and torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia during one cycle of intermittent low dose ( 2 . 5 mcg / kg per min ) dobutamine .", "entities": [ "heart failure", "dilated cardiomyopathy", "ventricular arrhythmias", "QT prolongation", "ventricular tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "2", "type": "disease", "text": "This report of torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia during intermittent dobutamine supports the hypothesis that unpredictable fatal arrhythmias may occur even with low doses and in patients with no history of significant rhythm disturbances .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachycardia", "arrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "7", "type": "disease", "text": "After angiography by the venous route in patient n degree 1 a biphasic reaction with an immediate reaction ( dyspnea , loss of consciousness ) and delayed macro - papular rash appeared , whilst patient n degree 2 developed a generalised sensation of heat , persistent pain at the site of injection immediately and a generalised macro - papular reaction after 24 hours .", "entities": [ "dyspnea", "loss of consciousness", "macro - papular rash", "pain" ] }, { "id": "9", "type": "disease", "text": "The positive skin tests are in favour of immunological reactions and may help in diagnosis of allergy in the patients .", "entities": [ "allergy" ] }, { "id": "10", "type": "disease", "text": "Risk of transient hyperammonemic encephalopathy in cancer patients who received continuous infusion of 5 - fluorouracil with the complication of dehydration and infection .", "entities": [ "hyperammonemic encephalopathy", "cancer", "dehydration", "infection" ] }, { "id": "11", "type": "disease", "text": "From 1986 to 1998 , 29 cancer patients who had 32 episodes of transient hyperammonemic encephalopathy related to continuous infusion of 5 - fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) were identified .", "entities": [ "cancer", "hyperammonemic encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "12", "type": "disease", "text": "None of the patients had decompensated liver disease .", "entities": [ "liver disease" ] }, { "id": "13", "type": "disease", "text": "Onset of hyperammonemic encephalopathy varied from 0 . 5 to 5 days ( mean : 2 . 6 + / - 1 . 3 days ) after the initiation of chemotherapy .", "entities": [ "hyperammonemic encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "15", "type": "disease", "text": "Among the 32 episodes , 26 ( 81 % ) had various degrees of azotemia , 18 ( 56 % ) occurred during bacterial infections and 14 ( 44 % ) without infection occurred during periods of dehydration .", "entities": [ "azotemia", "bacterial infections", "infection", "dehydration" ] }, { "id": "16", "type": "disease", "text": "Higher plasma ammonium levels and more rapid onset of hyperammonemia were seen in 18 patients with bacterial infections ( p = 0 . 003 and 0 . 0006 , respectively ) and in nine patients receiving high daily doses ( 2600 or 1800 mg / m2 ) of 5 - FU ( p = 0 . 0001 and < 0 . 0001 , respectively ) .", "entities": [ "hyperammonemia", "bacterial infections" ] }, { "id": "18", "type": "disease", "text": "In conclusion , hyperammonemic encephalopathy can occur in patients receiving continuous infusion of 5 - FU .", "entities": [ "hyperammonemic encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "19", "type": "disease", "text": "Azotemia , body fluid insufficiency and bacterial infections were frequently found in these patients .", "entities": [ "Azotemia", "bacterial infections" ] }, { "id": "27", "type": "disease", "text": "In the motor activity test measured with an Animex - activity meter neither of the K ( + ) - channel blockers affected morphine - induced hypoactivity , but both K ( + ) - channel blockers prevented morphine - induced secondary hyperactivity .", "entities": [ "hypoactivity", "hyperactivity" ] }, { "id": "30", "type": "disease", "text": "It is also suggested that the blockade of K ( + ) - channels sensitive to these blockers is not sufficient to prevent morphine - induced hypoactivity whereas morphine - induced hyperactivity seems to be connected to both quinine - and 4 - aminopyridine - sensitive K ( + ) - channels .", "entities": [ "hypoactivity", "hyperactivity" ] }, { "id": "31", "type": "disease", "text": "Nociceptin / orphanin FQ and nocistatin on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice .", "entities": [ "learning and memory impairment" ] }, { "id": "34", "type": "disease", "text": "On the other hand , nocistatin is recently isolated from the same precursor as nociceptin and blocks nociceptin - induced allodynia and hyperalgesia .", "entities": [ "allodynia", "hyperalgesia" ] }, { "id": "38", "type": "disease", "text": "The present study was designed to investigate whether nociceptin / orphanin FQ and nocistatin could modulate impairment of learning and memory induced by scopolamine , a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist , using spontaneous alternation of Y - maze and step - down type passive avoidance tasks in mice .", "entities": [ "impairment of learning and memory" ] }, { "id": "45", "type": "disease", "text": "Meloxicam - induced liver toxicity .", "entities": [ "liver toxicity" ] }, { "id": "46", "type": "disease", "text": "We report the case of a female patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed acute cytolytic hepatitis due to meloxicam .", "entities": [ "rheumatoid arthritis", "hepatitis" ] }, { "id": "48", "type": "disease", "text": "The acute cytolytic hepatitis occurred rapidly after meloxicam administration and was associated with the development of antinuclear antibodies suggesting a hypersensitivity mechanism .", "entities": [ "hepatitis", "hypersensitivity" ] }, { "id": "49", "type": "disease", "text": "This first case of meloxicam related liver toxicity demonstrates the potential of this drug to induce hepatic damage .", "entities": [ "liver toxicity", "hepatic damage" ] }, { "id": "50", "type": "disease", "text": "Induction of apoptosis by remoxipride metabolites in HL60 and CD34 + / CD19 - human bone marrow progenitor cells : potential relevance to remoxipride - induced aplastic anemia .", "entities": [ "aplastic anemia" ] }, { "id": "51", "type": "disease", "text": "The antipsychotic agent , remoxipride [ ( S ) - ( - ) - 3 - bromo - N - [ ( 1 - ethyl - 2 - pyrrolidinyl ) methyl ] - 2 , 6 - dimethoxybenz amide ] has been associated with acquired aplastic anemia .", "entities": [ "aplastic anemia" ] }, { "id": "57", "type": "disease", "text": "No necrosis was observed in cells treated with NCQ436 but NCQ344 had a biphasic effect in both cell types , inducing apoptosis at lower concentrations and necrosis at higher concentrations .", "entities": [ "necrosis", "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "60", "type": "disease", "text": "We propose that remoxipride and benzene may induce aplastic anemia via production of similar reactive metabolites and that the ability of NCQ436 and NCQ344 to induce apoptosis in HBMP cells may contribute to the mechanism underlying acquired aplastic anemia that has been associated with remoxipride .", "entities": [ "aplastic anemia", "aplastic anemia" ] }, { "id": "65", "type": "disease", "text": "7e exhibits a high reversal of catalepsy induced by haloperidol indicating its atypical antipsychotic nature .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "66", "type": "disease", "text": "Sub - chronic inhibition of nitric - oxide synthesis modifies haloperidol - induced catalepsy and the number of NADPH - diaphorase neurons in mice .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "67", "type": "disease", "text": "RATIONALE : NG - nitro - L - arginine ( L - NOARG ) , an inhibitor of nitric - oxide synthase ( NOS ) , induces catalepsy in mice .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "70", "type": "disease", "text": "Neuroleptic drugs such as haloperidol , which block dopamine receptors , also cause catalepsy in rodents .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "71", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : To investigate the effects of subchronic L - NOARG treatment in haloperidol - induced catalepsy and the number of NOS neurons in areas related to motor control .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "73", "type": "disease", "text": "Catalepsy was evaluated at the beginning and the end of the treatments .", "entities": [ "Catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "75", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : L - NOARG sub - chronic administration produced tolerance of L - NOARG and of haloperidol - induced catalepsy .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "79", "type": "disease", "text": "Prolonged left ventricular dysfunction occurs in patients with coronary artery disease after both dobutamine and exercise induced myocardial ischaemia .", "entities": [ "left ventricular dysfunction", "coronary artery disease", "myocardial ischaemia" ] }, { "id": "80", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : To determine whether pharmacological stress leads to prolonged but reversible left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease , similar to that seen after exercise .", "entities": [ "left ventricular dysfunction", "coronary artery disease" ] }, { "id": "81", "type": "disease", "text": "DESIGN : A randomised crossover study of recovery time of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function after exercise and dobutamine induced ischaemia .", "entities": [ "ischaemia" ] }, { "id": "82", "type": "disease", "text": "SUBJECTS : 10 patients with stable angina , angiographically proven coronary artery disease , and normal left ventricular function .", "entities": [ "stable angina", "coronary artery disease" ] }, { "id": "86", "type": "disease", "text": "There was no difference in the maximum double product ( p = 0 . 53 ) or ST depression ( p = 0 . 63 ) with either form of stress .", "entities": [ "depression" ] }, { "id": "90", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : In patients with coronary artery disease , dobutamine induced ischaemia results in prolonged reversible left ventricular dysfunction , presumed to be myocardial stunning , similar to that seen after exercise .", "entities": [ "coronary artery disease", "ischaemia", "left ventricular dysfunction", "myocardial stunning" ] }, { "id": "91", "type": "disease", "text": "Dobutamine induced ischaemia could therefore be used to study the pathophysiology of this phenomenon further in patients with coronary artery disease .", "entities": [ "ischaemia", "coronary artery disease" ] }, { "id": "92", "type": "disease", "text": "Anorexigens and pulmonary hypertension in the United States : results from the surveillance of North American pulmonary hypertension .", "entities": [ "pulmonary hypertension", "pulmonary hypertension" ] }, { "id": "93", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : The use of appetite suppressants in Europe has been associated with the development of primary pulmonary hypertension ( PPH ) .", "entities": [ "primary pulmonary hypertension", "PPH" ] }, { "id": "95", "type": "disease", "text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : We conducted a prospective surveillance study on patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension at 12 large referral centers in North America .", "entities": [ "pulmonary hypertension" ] }, { "id": "96", "type": "disease", "text": "Data collected on patients seen from September 1 , 1996 , to December 31 , 1997 , included the cause of the pulmonary hypertension and its severity .", "entities": [ "pulmonary hypertension" ] }, { "id": "97", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with no identifiable cause of pulmonary hypertension were classed as PPH .", "entities": [ "pulmonary hypertension", "PPH" ] }, { "id": "99", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Five hundred seventy - nine patients were studied , 205 with PPH and 374 with pulmonary hypertension from other causes ( secondary pulmonary hypertension [ SPH ] ) .", "entities": [ "PPH", "pulmonary hypertension", "pulmonary hypertension" ] }, { "id": "101", "type": "disease", "text": "However , of the medications surveyed , only the fenfluramines had a significant preferential association with PPH as compared with SPH ( adjusted odds ratio for use > 6 months , 7 . 5 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1 . 7 to 32 . 4 ) .", "entities": [ "PPH" ] }, { "id": "104", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : The magnitude of the association with PPH , the increase of association with increasing duration of use , and the specificity for fenfluramines are consistent with previous studies indicating that fenfluramines are causally related to PPH .", "entities": [ "PPH", "PPH" ] }, { "id": "105", "type": "disease", "text": "The high prevalence of anorexigen use in patients with SPH also raises the possibility that these drugs precipitate pulmonary hypertension in patients with underlying conditions associated with SPH .", "entities": [ "pulmonary hypertension" ] }, { "id": "106", "type": "disease", "text": "Clinical aspects of heparin - induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis and other side effects of heparin therapy .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia", "thrombosis" ] }, { "id": "107", "type": "disease", "text": "Heparin , first used to prevent the clotting of blood in vitro , has been clinically used to treat thrombosis for more than 50 years .", "entities": [ "thrombosis" ] }, { "id": "108", "type": "disease", "text": "Although several new anticoagulant drugs are in development , heparin remains the anticoagulant of choice to treat acute thrombotic episodes .", "entities": [ "thrombotic" ] }, { "id": "110", "type": "disease", "text": "Bleeding is the primary untoward effect of heparin .", "entities": [ "Bleeding" ] }, { "id": "111", "type": "disease", "text": "Major bleeding is of primary concern in patients receiving heparin therapy .", "entities": [ "bleeding" ] }, { "id": "112", "type": "disease", "text": "However , additional important untoward effects of heparin therapy include heparin - induced thrombocytopenia , heparin - associated osteoporosis , eosinophilia , skin reactions , allergic reactions other than thrombocytopenia , alopecia , transaminasemia , hyperkalemia , hypoaldosteronism , and priapism .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia", "osteoporosis", "eosinophilia", "skin reactions", "allergic reactions", "thrombocytopenia", "alopecia", "hyperkalemia", "hypoaldosteronism", "priapism" ] }, { "id": "113", "type": "disease", "text": "These side effects are relatively rare in a given individual , but given the extremely widespread use of heparin , some are quite common , particularly HITT and osteoporosis .", "entities": [ "HITT", "osteoporosis" ] }, { "id": "116", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient on tacrolimus ( FK506 ) therapy after liver transplantation .", "entities": [ "optic neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "117", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : To report a case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient receiving tacrolimus ( FK 506 , Prograf ; Fujisawa USA , Inc , Deerfield , Illinois ) for immunosuppression after orthotropic liver transplantation .", "entities": [ "optic neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "120", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : The patient had episodic deterioration of vision in both eyes , with clinical features resembling ischemic optic neuropathies .", "entities": [ "ischemic optic neuropathies" ] }, { "id": "121", "type": "disease", "text": "Deterioration of vision occurred despite discontinuation of the tacrolimus .", "entities": [ "Deterioration of vision" ] }, { "id": "122", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Tacrolimus and other immunosuppressive agents may be associated with optic nerve toxicity .", "entities": [ "optic nerve toxicity" ] }, { "id": "123", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypercalcemia , arrhythmia , and mood stabilizers .", "entities": [ "Hypercalcemia", "arrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "124", "type": "disease", "text": "Recent findings in a bipolar patient receiving maintenance lithium therapy who developed hypercalcemia and severe bradyarrhythmia prompted the authors to conduct a retrospective study of bipolar patients with lithium - associated hypercalcemia .", "entities": [ "bipolar", "hypercalcemia", "bradyarrhythmia", "bipolar", "hypercalcemia" ] }, { "id": "125", "type": "disease", "text": "A printout of all cases of hypercalcemia that presented during a 1 - year period was generated .", "entities": [ "hypercalcemia" ] }, { "id": "126", "type": "disease", "text": "After eliminating spurious hypercalcemias or those associated with intravenous fluids , the authors identified 18 non - lithium - treated patients with hypercalcemias related to malignancies and other medical conditions ( group A ) and 12 patients with lithium - associated hypercalcemia ( group B ) .", "entities": [ "hypercalcemias", "hypercalcemias", "malignancies", "hypercalcemia" ] }, { "id": "128", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus , two control groups were generated : group C1 , which included age - and sex - comparable lithium - treated bipolar normocalcemic patients , and group C2 , which included bipolar normocalcemic patients treated with anticonvulsant mood stabilizers .", "entities": [ "bipolar", "bipolar" ] }, { "id": "131", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with hypercalcemia resulting from medical diseases and bipolar patients with lithium - associated hypercalcemia had significantly higher frequencies of conduction defects .", "entities": [ "hypercalcemia", "bipolar", "hypercalcemia" ] }, { "id": "134", "type": "disease", "text": "Attenuation of nephrotoxicity by a novel lipid nanosphere ( NS - 718 ) incorporating amphotericin B .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "135", "type": "disease", "text": "NS - 718 , a lipid nanosphere incorporating amphotericin B , is effective against pathogenic fungi and has low toxicity .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "136", "type": "disease", "text": "We compared the toxicity of NS - 718 with that of Fungizone ( amphotericin B - sodium deoxycholate ; D - AmB ) in vitro using renal cell cultures and in vivo by biochemical analysis , histopathological study of the kidney and pharmacokinetic study of amphotericin B following intravenous infusion of the formulation in rats .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "139", "type": "disease", "text": "Histopathological examination of the kidney showed tubular necrosis in D - AmB - treated rats but no change in NS - 718 - treated rats .", "entities": [ "tubular necrosis" ] }, { "id": "141", "type": "disease", "text": "Our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that incorporation of amphotericin B into lipid nanospheres of NS - 718 attenuates the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "142", "type": "disease", "text": "Patterns of sulfadiazine acute nephrotoxicity .", "entities": [ "acute nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "143", "type": "disease", "text": "Sulfadiazine acute nephrotoxicity is reviving specially because of its use in toxoplasmosis in HIV - positive patients .", "entities": [ "acute nephrotoxicity", "toxoplasmosis" ] }, { "id": "145", "type": "disease", "text": "Under treatment with sulfadiazine they developed oliguria , abdominal pain , renal failure and showed multiple radiolucent renal calculi in echography .", "entities": [ "oliguria", "abdominal pain", "renal failure", "renal calculi" ] }, { "id": "147", "type": "disease", "text": "A nephrostomy tube had to be placed in one of the patients for ureteral lithiasis in a single functional kidney .", "entities": [ "ureteral lithiasis" ] }, { "id": "153", "type": "disease", "text": "Downbeat nystagmus associated with intravenous patient - controlled administration of morphine .", "entities": [ "Downbeat nystagmus" ] }, { "id": "154", "type": "disease", "text": "IMPLICATIONS : This case documents a patient who developed dizziness with downbeating nystagmus while receiving a relatively large dose of IV patient - controlled analgesia morphine .", "entities": [ "dizziness", "downbeating nystagmus" ] }, { "id": "156", "type": "disease", "text": "Hemodynamic and antiadrenergic effects of dronedarone and amiodarone in animals with a healed myocardial infarction .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "157", "type": "disease", "text": "The hemodynamic and antiadrenergic effects of dronedarone , a noniodinated compound structurally related to amiodarone , were compared with those of amiodarone after prolonged oral administration , both at rest and during sympathetic stimulation in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "161", "type": "disease", "text": "Both dronedarone and amiodarone significantly reduced the exercise - induced tachycardia and , at the highest dose , decreased the isoproterenol - induced tachycardia .", "entities": [ "tachycardia", "tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "163", "type": "disease", "text": "Consequently , dronedarone might be particularly suitable for the treatment and prevention of various clinical arrhythmias , without compromising the left ventricular function .", "entities": [ "arrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "164", "type": "disease", "text": "Phase 2 trial of liposomal doxorubicin ( 40 mg / m ( 2 ) ) in platinum / paclitaxel - refractory ovarian and fallopian tube cancers and primary carcinoma of the peritoneum .", "entities": [ "ovarian and fallopian tube cancers", "carcinoma of the peritoneum" ] }, { "id": "165", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Several studies have demonstrated liposomal doxorubicin ( Doxil ) to be an active antineoplastic agent in platinum - resistant ovarian cancer , with dose limiting toxicity of the standard dosing regimen ( 50 mg / m ( 2 ) q 4 weeks ) being severe erythrodysesthesia ( \" hand - foot syndrome \" ) and stomatitis .", "entities": [ "ovarian cancer", "toxicity", "erythrodysesthesia", "hand - foot syndrome", "stomatitis" ] }, { "id": "167", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS AND MATERIALS : Patients with ovarian or fallopian tube cancers or primary peritoneal carcinoma with platinum / paclitaxel - refractory disease ( stable or progressive disease following treatment with these agents or previous objective response < 3 months in duration ) were treated with liposomal doxorubicin at a dose of 40 mg / m ( 2 ) q 4 weeks .", "entities": [ "ovarian or fallopian tube cancers", "peritoneal carcinoma" ] }, { "id": "170", "type": "disease", "text": "Six ( 12 % ) and 4 ( 8 % ) patients experienced grade 2 hand - foot syndrome and stomatitis , respectively ( no episodes of grade 3 ) .", "entities": [ "hand - foot syndrome", "stomatitis" ] }, { "id": "171", "type": "disease", "text": "One patient developed grade 3 diarrhea requiring hospitalization for hydration .", "entities": [ "diarrhea" ] }, { "id": "175", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : This modified liposomal doxorubicin regimen results in less toxicity ( stomatitis , hand - foot syndrome ) than the standard FDA - approved dose schedule .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "stomatitis", "hand - foot syndrome" ] }, { "id": "176", "type": "disease", "text": "Definite , although limited , antineoplastic activity is observed in patients with well - defined platinum - and paclitaxel - refractory ovarian cancer .", "entities": [ "ovarian cancer" ] }, { "id": "177", "type": "disease", "text": "Efficacy of olanzapine in acute bipolar mania : a double - blind , placebo - controlled study .", "entities": [ "bipolar mania" ] }, { "id": "179", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : We compared the efficacy and safety of olanzapine vs placebo for the treatment of acute bipolar mania .", "entities": [ "bipolar mania" ] }, { "id": "181", "type": "disease", "text": "A total of 115 patients with a DSM - IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder , manic or mixed , were randomized to olanzapine , 5 to 20 mg / d ( n = 55 ) , or placebo ( n = 60 ) .", "entities": [ "bipolar disorder", "manic" ] }, { "id": "182", "type": "disease", "text": "The primary efficacy measure was the Young - Mania Rating Scale ( Y - MRS ) total score .", "entities": [ "Mania" ] }, { "id": "184", "type": "disease", "text": "Safety was assessed using adverse events , Extrapyramidal Symptom ( EPS ) rating scales , laboratory values , electrocardiograms , vital signs , and weight change .", "entities": [ "Extrapyramidal Symptom", "EPS" ] }, { "id": "187", "type": "disease", "text": "There were no statistically significant differences in EPSs between groups .", "entities": [ "EPSs" ] }, { "id": "188", "type": "disease", "text": "However , olanzapine - treated patients had a statistically significant greater mean ( + / - SD ) weight gain than placebo - treated patients ( 2 . 1 + / - 2 . 8 vs 0 . 45 + / - 2 . 3 kg , respectively ) and also experienced more treatment - emergent somnolence ( 21 patients [ 38 . 2 % ] vs 5 [ 8 . 3 % ] , respectively ) .", "entities": [ "weight gain", "somnolence" ] }, { "id": "189", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Olanzapine demonstrated greater efficacy than placebo in the treatment of acute bipolar mania and was generally well tolerated .", "entities": [ "bipolar mania" ] }, { "id": "190", "type": "disease", "text": "The effect of pupil dilation with tropicamide on vision and driving simulator performance .", "entities": [ "pupil dilation" ] }, { "id": "191", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : To assess the effect of pupil dilation on vision and driving ability .", "entities": [ "pupil dilation" ] }, { "id": "192", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : A series of tests on various parameters of visual function and driving simulator performance were performed on 12 healthy drivers , before and after pupil dilation using guttae tropicamide 1 % .", "entities": [ "pupil dilation" ] }, { "id": "197", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Pupillary dilation resulted in a statistically significant deterioration in CT and HCVA only .", "entities": [ "Pupillary dilation" ] }, { "id": "201", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Pupillary dilation may lead to a decrease in vision and daylight driving performance in young people .", "entities": [ "Pupillary dilation" ] }, { "id": "203", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of isotretinoin embryopathy with bilateral anotia and Taussig - Bing malformation .", "entities": [ "isotretinoin embryopathy", "anotia", "Taussig - Bing malformation" ] }, { "id": "204", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a newborn infant with multiple congenital anomalies ( anotia and Taussig - Bing malformation ) due to exposure to isotretinoin within the first trimester .", "entities": [ "anotia", "Taussig - Bing malformation" ] }, { "id": "206", "type": "disease", "text": "Effect of methoxamine on maximum urethral pressure in women with genuine stress incontinence : a placebo - controlled , double - blind crossover study .", "entities": [ "stress incontinence" ] }, { "id": "207", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role for a selective alpha1 - adrenoceptor agonist in the treatment of urinary stress incontinence .", "entities": [ "urinary stress incontinence" ] }, { "id": "209", "type": "disease", "text": "Half log incremental doses of intravenous methoxamine or placebo ( saline ) were administered to a group of women with genuine stress incontinence while measuring maximum urethral pressure ( MUP ) , blood pressure , heart rate , and symptomatic side effects .", "entities": [ "stress incontinence" ] }, { "id": "210", "type": "disease", "text": "Methoxamine evoked non - significant increases in MUP and diastolic blood pressure but caused a significant rise in systolic blood pressure and significant fall in heart rate at maximum dosage .", "entities": [ "a significant rise in systolic blood pressure" ] }, { "id": "211", "type": "disease", "text": "Systemic side effects including piloerection , headache , and cold extremities were experienced in all subjects .", "entities": [ "headache" ] }, { "id": "212", "type": "disease", "text": "The results indicate that the clinical usefulness of direct , peripherally acting sub - type - selective alpha1 - adrenoceptor agonists in the medical treatment of stress incontinence may be limited by associated piloerection and cardiovascular side effects .", "entities": [ "stress incontinence" ] }, { "id": "213", "type": "disease", "text": "Hyperglycemic effect of amino compounds structurally related to caproate in rats .", "entities": [ "Hyperglycemic" ] }, { "id": "214", "type": "disease", "text": "The chronic feeding of small amounts ( 0 . 3 - 3 % of diet weight ) of certain amino derivatives of caproate resulted in hyperglycemia , an elevated glucose tolerance curve and , occasionally , glucosuria .", "entities": [ "hyperglycemia", "glucosuria" ] }, { "id": "216", "type": "disease", "text": "Toleration of high doses of angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with chronic heart failure : results from the ATLAS trial .", "entities": [ "heart failure" ] }, { "id": "218", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Treatment with angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors reduces mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) , but most affected patients are not receiving these agents or are being treated with doses lower than those found to be efficacious in trials , primarily because of concerns about the safety and tolerability of these agents , especially at the recommended doses .", "entities": [ "heart failure", "CHF" ] }, { "id": "219", "type": "disease", "text": "The present study examines the safety and tolerability of high - compared with low - dose lisinopril in CHF .", "entities": [ "CHF" ] }, { "id": "221", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with New York Heart Association classes II to IV CHF and left ventricular ejection fractions of no greater than 0 . 30 ( n = 3164 ) were randomized and followed up for a median of 46 months .", "entities": [ "CHF" ] }, { "id": "222", "type": "disease", "text": "We examined the occurrence of adverse events and the need for discontinuation and dose reduction during treatment , with a focus on hypotension and renal dysfunction .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "renal dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "223", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Of 405 patients not previously receiving an ACE inhibitor , doses in only 4 . 2 % could not be titrated to the medium doses required for randomization because of symptoms possibly related to hypotension ( 2 . 0 % ) or because of renal dysfunction or hyperkalemia ( 2 . 3 % ) .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "renal dysfunction", "hyperkalemia" ] }, { "id": "226", "type": "disease", "text": "Subgroups presumed to be at higher risk for ACE inhibitor intolerance ( blood pressure , < 120 mm Hg ; creatinine , > or = 132 . 6 micromol / L [ > or = 1 . 5 mg / dL ] ; age , > or = 70 years ; and patients with diabetes ) generally tolerated the high - dose strategy .", "entities": [ "diabetes" ] }, { "id": "227", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : These findings demonstrate that ACE inhibitor therapy in most patients with CHF can be successfully titrated to and maintained at high doses , and that more aggressive use of these agents is warranted .", "entities": [ "CHF" ] }, { "id": "228", "type": "disease", "text": "Cocaine , ethanol , and cocaethylene cardiotoxity in an animal model of cocaine and ethanol abuse .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxity", "cocaine and ethanol abuse" ] }, { "id": "229", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : Simultaneous abuse of cocaine and ethanol affects 12 million Americans annually .", "entities": [ "abuse of cocaine and ethanol" ] }, { "id": "231", "type": "disease", "text": "Their combined cardiac toxicity may be due to independent effects of each drug ; however , they may also be due to cocaethylene ( CE ) , a cocaine metabolite formed only in the presence of ethanol .", "entities": [ "cardiac toxicity" ] }, { "id": "232", "type": "disease", "text": "The purpose of this study was to delineate the role of CE in the combined cardiotoxicity of cocaine and ethanol in a model simulating their abuse .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "235", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Two of eight dogs in the C + E group experienced cardiovascular collapse .", "entities": [ "cardiovascular collapse" ] }, { "id": "237", "type": "disease", "text": "Peak CE levels were associated with a 45 % ( SD + / - 22 % , 95 % CI = 22 % to 69 % ) decrease in cardiac output ( p < 0 . 05 ) , a 56 % ( SD + / - 23 % , 95 % CI = 32 % to 80 % ) decrease in dP / dt ( max ) ( p < . 006 ) , and a 23 % ( SD + / - 15 % , 95 % CI = 7 % to 49 % ) decrease in SVO ( 2 ) ( p < 0 . 025 ) .", "entities": [ "decrease in cardiac output" ] }, { "id": "238", "type": "disease", "text": "Ventricular arrhythmias were primarily observed in the C + E group , in which four of eight dogs experienced ventricular tachycardia .", "entities": [ "Ventricular arrhythmias", "ventricular tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "240", "type": "disease", "text": "Co - administration resulted in prolonged cardiac toxicity and was dysrhythmogenic .", "entities": [ "cardiac toxicity" ] }, { "id": "241", "type": "disease", "text": "Peak serum cocaethylene concentrations were associated with prolonged myocardial depression .", "entities": [ "myocardial depression" ] }, { "id": "242", "type": "disease", "text": "Worsening of Parkinsonism after the use of veralipride for treatment of menopause : case report .", "entities": [ "Parkinsonism" ] }, { "id": "243", "type": "disease", "text": "We describe a female patient with stable Parkinson ' s disease who has shown a marked worsening of her motor functions following therapy of menopause related symptoms with veralipride , as well as the improvement of her symptoms back to baseline after discontinuation of the drug .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "245", "type": "disease", "text": "Viracept and irregular heartbeat warning .", "entities": [ "irregular heartbeat" ] }, { "id": "246", "type": "disease", "text": "A group of doctors in Boston warn that the protease inhibitor Viracept may cause an irregular heart beat , known as bradycardia , in people with HIV .", "entities": [ "irregular heart beat", "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "247", "type": "disease", "text": "Bradycardia occurred in a 45 - year - old male patient who was Viracept in combination with other anti - HIV drugs .", "entities": [ "Bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "249", "type": "disease", "text": "Frequency of appearance of myeloperoxidase - antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( MPO - ANCA ) in Graves ' disease patients treated with propylthiouracil and the relationship between MPO - ANCA and clinical manifestations .", "entities": [ "Graves ' disease" ] }, { "id": "250", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : Myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( MPO - ANCA ) - positive vasculitis has been reported in patients with Graves ' disease who were treated with propylthiouracil ( PTU ) .", "entities": [ "vasculitis", "Graves ' disease" ] }, { "id": "252", "type": "disease", "text": "Nevertheless , there have been no studies on the temporal relationship between the appearance of MPO - ANCA and vasculitis during PTU therapy , or on the incidence of MPO - ANCA in untreated Graves ' disease patients .", "entities": [ "vasculitis", "Graves ' disease" ] }, { "id": "253", "type": "disease", "text": "Therefore , we sought to address these parameters in patients with Graves ' disease .", "entities": [ "Graves ' disease" ] }, { "id": "254", "type": "disease", "text": "PATIENTS : We investigated 102 untreated patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves ' disease for the presence of MPO - ANCA , and for the development vasculitis after starting PTU therapy .", "entities": [ "hyperthyroidism", "Graves ' disease", "vasculitis" ] }, { "id": "259", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Before treatment , the MPO - ANCA titres of all 102 untreated Graves ' disease patients were within the reference range ( below 10 U / ml ) .", "entities": [ "Graves ' disease" ] }, { "id": "261", "type": "disease", "text": "In two of them , the MPO - ANCA titres transiently increased to 12 . 8 and 15 . 0 U / ml , respectively , despite continued PTU therapy , but no vasculitic disorders developed .", "entities": [ "vasculitic disorders" ] }, { "id": "262", "type": "disease", "text": "In the third patient , the MPO - ANCA titre increased to 204 U / ml and she developed a higher fever , oral ulcers and polyarthralgia , but the symptoms resolved 2 weeks after stopping PTU therapy , and the MPO - ANCA titre decreased to 20 . 7 U / ml by 4 months after discontinuing PTU .", "entities": [ "fever", "oral ulcers", "polyarthralgia" ] }, { "id": "263", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : PTU therapy may be related to the appearance of MPO - ANCA , but MPO - ANCA does not appear to be closely related to vasculitis .", "entities": [ "vasculitis" ] }, { "id": "264", "type": "disease", "text": "Prevalence of heart disease in asymptomatic chronic cocaine users .", "entities": [ "heart disease" ] }, { "id": "265", "type": "disease", "text": "To determine the prevalence of heart disease in outpatient young asymptomatic chronic cocaine users , 35 cocaine users and 32 age - matched controls underwent resting and exercise electrocardiography ( ECG ) and Doppler echocardiography .", "entities": [ "heart disease" ] }, { "id": "266", "type": "disease", "text": "Findings consistent with coronary artery disease were detected in 12 ( 34 % ) patients and 3 ( 9 % ) controls ( p = 0 . 01 ) .", "entities": [ "coronary artery disease" ] }, { "id": "268", "type": "disease", "text": "Finally , resting and peak exercise abnormal left ventricular filling was detected in 38 and 35 % of patients as compared to 19 and 9 % of controls , respectively ( p = 0 . 11 and 0 . 02 , respectively ) .", "entities": [ "abnormal left ventricular filling" ] }, { "id": "269", "type": "disease", "text": "We conclude that coronary artery or myocardial disease is common ( 38 % ) in young asymptomatic chronic cocaine users .", "entities": [ "coronary artery or myocardial disease" ] }, { "id": "272", "type": "disease", "text": "The cardioprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Picrorrhiza kurroa rhizomes and roots ( PK ) on isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction in rats with respect to lipid metabolism in serum and heart tissue has been investigated .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "273", "type": "disease", "text": "Oral pre - treatment with PK ( 80 mg kg ( - 1 ) day ( - 1 ) for 15 days ) significantly prevented the isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction and maintained the rats at near normal status .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "274", "type": "disease", "text": "Phase 2 early afterdepolarization as a trigger of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in acquired long - QT syndrome : direct evidence from intracellular recordings in the intact left ventricular wall .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachycardia", "long - QT syndrome" ] }, { "id": "275", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : This study examined the role of phase 2 early afterdepolarization ( EAD ) in producing a trigger to initiate torsade de pointes ( TdP ) with QT prolongation induced by dl - sotalol and azimilide .", "entities": [ "torsade de pointes", "TdP", "QT prolongation" ] }, { "id": "276", "type": "disease", "text": "The contribution of transmural dispersion of repolarization ( TDR ) to transmural propagation of EAD and the maintenance of TdP was also evaluated .", "entities": [ "TdP" ] }, { "id": "278", "type": "disease", "text": "dl - Sotalol preferentially prolonged action potential duration ( APD ) in M cells dose - dependently ( 1 to 100 micromol / L ) , leading to QT prolongation and an increase in TDR .", "entities": [ "QT prolongation" ] }, { "id": "281", "type": "disease", "text": "Although both dl - sotalol and azimilide rarely induced EADs in canine left ventricles , they produced frequent EADs in rabbits , in which more pronounced QT prolongation was seen .", "entities": [ "QT prolongation" ] }, { "id": "282", "type": "disease", "text": "An increase in TDR by dl - sotalol facilitated transmural propagation of EADs that initiated multiple episodes of spontaneous TdP in 3 of 6 rabbit left ventricles .", "entities": [ "TdP" ] }, { "id": "284", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : This study provides the first direct evidence from intracellular action potential recordings that phase 2 EAD can be generated from intact ventricular wall and produce a trigger to initiate the onset of TdP under QT prolongation .", "entities": [ "TdP", "QT prolongation" ] }, { "id": "285", "type": "disease", "text": "A pilot study to assess the safety of dobutamine stress echocardiography in the emergency department evaluation of cocaine - associated chest pain .", "entities": [ "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "286", "type": "disease", "text": "STUDY OBJECTIVE : Chest pain in the setting of cocaine use poses a diagnostic dilemma .", "entities": [ "Chest pain" ] }, { "id": "287", "type": "disease", "text": "Dobutamine stress echocardiography ( DSE ) is a widely available and sensitive test for evaluating cardiac ischemia .", "entities": [ "ischemia" ] }, { "id": "288", "type": "disease", "text": "Because of the theoretical concern regarding administration of dobutamine in the setting of cocaine use , we conducted a pilot study to assess the safety of DSE in emergency department patients with cocaine - associated chest pain .", "entities": [ "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "290", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients were eligible for DSE if they had used cocaine within 24 hours preceding the onset of chest pain and had a normal ECG and tropinin I level .", "entities": [ "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "291", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients exhibiting signs of continuing cocaine toxicity were excluded from the study .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "294", "type": "disease", "text": "Two patients had inadequate resting images , one DSE was terminated because of inferior hypokinesis , another DSE was terminated because of a rate - related atrial conduction deficit , and 1 patient did not reach the target heart rate .", "entities": [ "hypokinesis" ] }, { "id": "296", "type": "disease", "text": "None of the patients experienced signs of exaggerated adrenergic response , which was defined as a systolic blood pressure of greater than 200 mm Hg or the occurrence of tachydysrhythmias ( excluding sinus tachycardia ) .", "entities": [ "tachydysrhythmias", "sinus tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "298", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : No exaggerated adrenergic response was detected when dobutamine was administered to patients with cocaine - related chest pain .", "entities": [ "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "299", "type": "disease", "text": "Prenatal cocaine exposure and cranial sonographic findings in preterm infants .", "entities": [ "preterm infants" ] }, { "id": "300", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : Prenatal cocaine exposure has been linked with subependymal hemorrhage and the formation of cysts that are detectable on cranial sonography in neonates born at term .", "entities": [ "hemorrhage", "cysts" ] }, { "id": "301", "type": "disease", "text": "We sought to determine if prenatal cocaine exposure increases the incidence of subependymal cysts in preterm infants .", "entities": [ "subependymal cysts", "preterm infants" ] }, { "id": "302", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and cranial sonograms obtained during a 1 - year period on 122 premature ( < 36 weeks of gestation ) infants .", "entities": [ "premature ( < 36 weeks of gestation ) infants" ] }, { "id": "304", "type": "disease", "text": "Infants were assigned to the cocaine - exposed group if there was a maternal history of cocaine abuse during pregnancy or if maternal or neonatal urine toxicology results were positive at the time of delivery .", "entities": [ "cocaine abuse" ] }, { "id": "306", "type": "disease", "text": "The incidence of subependymal cysts in the 117 remaining infants was 14 % ( 16 of 117 ) .", "entities": [ "subependymal cysts" ] }, { "id": "307", "type": "disease", "text": "The incidence of subependymal cysts in infants exposed to cocaine prenatally was 44 % ( 8 of 18 ) compared with 8 % ( 8 of 99 ) in the unexposed group ( p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entities": [ "subependymal cysts" ] }, { "id": "308", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : We found an increased incidence of subependymal cyst formation in preterm infants who were exposed to cocaine prenatally .", "entities": [ "subependymal cyst", "preterm infants" ] }, { "id": "310", "type": "disease", "text": "Thalidomide neuropathy in patients treated for metastatic prostate cancer .", "entities": [ "neuropathy", "prostate cancer" ] }, { "id": "311", "type": "disease", "text": "We prospectively evaluated thalidomide - induced neuropathy using electrodiagnostic studies .", "entities": [ "neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "312", "type": "disease", "text": "Sixty - seven men with metastatic androgen - independent prostate cancer in an open - label trial of oral thalidomide underwent neurologic examinations and nerve conduction studies ( NCS ) prior to and at 3 - month intervals during treatment .", "entities": [ "prostate cancer" ] }, { "id": "318", "type": "disease", "text": "Six patients developed neuropathy .", "entities": [ "neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "321", "type": "disease", "text": "Neuropathy may thus be a common complication of thalidomide in older patients .", "entities": [ "Neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "322", "type": "disease", "text": "The SNAP index can be used to monitor peripheral neuropathy , but not for early detection .", "entities": [ "peripheral neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "323", "type": "disease", "text": "Overexpression of copper / zinc - superoxide dismutase protects from kanamycin - induced hearing loss .", "entities": [ "hearing loss" ] }, { "id": "324", "type": "disease", "text": "The participation of reactive oxygen species in aminoglycoside - induced ototoxicity has been deduced from observations that aminoglycoside - iron complexes catalyze the formation of superoxide radicals in vitro and that antioxidants attenuate ototoxicity in vivo .", "entities": [ "ototoxicity", "ototoxicity" ] }, { "id": "325", "type": "disease", "text": "We therefore hypothesized that overexpression of Cu / Zn - superoxide dismutase ( h - SOD1 ) should protect transgenic mice from ototoxicity .", "entities": [ "ototoxicity" ] }, { "id": "332", "type": "disease", "text": "The protection by overexpression of superoxide dismutase supports the hypothesis that oxidant stress plays a significant role in aminoglycoside - induced ototoxicity .", "entities": [ "ototoxicity" ] }, { "id": "334", "type": "disease", "text": "Fatty liver induced by tetracycline in the rat .", "entities": [ "Fatty liver" ] }, { "id": "336", "type": "disease", "text": "Dose - response relationships , biochemical mechanisms , and sex differences in the experimental fatty liver induced by tetracycline were studied in the intact rat and with the isolated perfused rat liver in vitro .", "entities": [ "fatty liver" ] }, { "id": "338", "type": "disease", "text": "With provision of adequate oleic acid as a substrate for the isolated perfused liver , a direct relationship was observed between dose of tetracycline and both accumulation of triglyceride in the liver and depression of output of triglyceride by livers from male and female rats .", "entities": [ "depression" ] }, { "id": "341", "type": "disease", "text": "However , livers from female , and especially pregnant female rats , were strikingly resistant to the effects of tetracycline on depression of output of triglyceride under these experimental conditions .", "entities": [ "depression" ] }, { "id": "343", "type": "disease", "text": "Depressed hepatic secretion of triglyceride accounted only for 30 to 50 % of accumulated hepatic triglyceride , indicating that additional mechanisms must be involved in the production of the triglyceride - rich fatty liver in response to tetracycline .", "entities": [ "fatty liver" ] }, { "id": "344", "type": "disease", "text": "Prednisone induces anxiety and glial cerebral changes in rats .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "345", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : To assess whether prednisone ( PDN ) produces anxiety and / or cerebral glial changes in rats .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "350", "type": "disease", "text": "Anxiety was assessed using an open field and elevated plus - maze devices .", "entities": [ "Anxiety" ] }, { "id": "352", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Anxiety was documented in both groups of PDN treated rats compared with controls .", "entities": [ "Anxiety" ] }, { "id": "356", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Subacute exposure to PDN induced anxiety and reactivity of microglia .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "358", "type": "disease", "text": "Phase II study of carboplatin and liposomal doxorubicin in patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix .", "entities": [ "squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix" ] }, { "id": "359", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : The activity of the combination of carboplatin and liposomal doxorubicin was tested in a Phase II study of patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma .", "entities": [ "cervical carcinoma" ] }, { "id": "360", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : The combination of carboplatin ( area under the concentration curve [ AUC ] , 5 ) and liposomal doxorubicin ( Doxil ; starting dose , 40 mg / m ( 2 ) ) was administered intravenously every 28 days to 37 patients with recurrent squamous cell cervical carcinoma to determine antitumor activity and toxicity profile .", "entities": [ "squamous cell cervical carcinoma", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "361", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Twenty - nine patients were assessable for response , and 35 patients were assessable for toxicity .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "363", "type": "disease", "text": "The main toxic effect was myelosuppression , with Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia in 16 patients , anemia in 12 patients , thrombocytopenia in 11 patients , and neutropenic fever in 3 patients .", "entities": [ "myelosuppression", "neutropenia", "anemia", "thrombocytopenia", "neutropenic fever" ] }, { "id": "365", "type": "disease", "text": "Grade > or = 2 nonhematologic toxicity included nausea in 17 patients , emesis in 14 patients , fatigue in 9 patients , mucositis and / or stomatitis in 8 patients , constipation in 6 patients , weight loss in 5 patients , hand - foot syndrome in 2 patients , and skin reactions in 3 patients .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "nausea", "emesis", "fatigue", "mucositis", "stomatitis", "constipation", "weight loss", "hand - foot syndrome", "skin reactions" ] }, { "id": "366", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : The combination of carboplatin and liposomal doxorubicin has modest activity in patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma .", "entities": [ "cervical carcinoma" ] }, { "id": "367", "type": "disease", "text": "Antimicrobial - induced mania ( antibiomania ) : a review of spontaneous reports .", "entities": [ "mania", "antibiomania" ] }, { "id": "368", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors reviewed reported cases of antibiotic - induced manic episodes by means of a MEDLINE and PsychLit search for reports of antibiotic - induced mania .", "entities": [ "manic", "mania" ] }, { "id": "370", "type": "disease", "text": "Twenty - one reports of antimicrobial - induced mania were found in the literature .", "entities": [ "mania" ] }, { "id": "374", "type": "disease", "text": "Cotrimoxazole , metronidazole , and erythromycin were involved in 15 reported manic episodes .", "entities": [ "manic" ] }, { "id": "375", "type": "disease", "text": "Cases reported by the FDA showed clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin to be the most frequently associated with the development of mania .", "entities": [ "mania" ] }, { "id": "377", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients have an increased risk of developing mania while being treated with antimicrobials .", "entities": [ "mania" ] }, { "id": "379", "type": "disease", "text": "Further research clearly is required to determine the incidence of antimicrobial - induced mania , the relative risk factors of developing an antimicrobial - induced manic episode among various demographic populations , and the incidence of patients who continue to have persistent affective disorders once the initial episode , which occurs while the patient is taking antibiotics , subsides .", "entities": [ "mania", "manic" ] }, { "id": "380", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors elected to name this syndrome \" antibiomania . \"", "entities": [ "antibiomania" ] }, { "id": "381", "type": "disease", "text": "Levodopa - induced ocular dyskinesias in Parkinson ' s disease .", "entities": [ "ocular dyskinesias", "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "382", "type": "disease", "text": "Levodopa - induced ocular dyskinesias are very uncommon .", "entities": [ "ocular dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "383", "type": "disease", "text": "Usually they occur simultaneously with limb peak - dose choreatic dyskinesias .", "entities": [ "choreatic dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "384", "type": "disease", "text": "We report on a patient with leftward and upward deviations of gaze during the peak effect of levodopa , and hypothesize that a severe dopaminergic denervation in the caudate nucleus is needed for the appearance of these levodopa - induce ocular dyskinesias .", "entities": [ "ocular dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "385", "type": "disease", "text": "A comparison of glyceryl trinitrate with diclofenac for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea : an open , randomized , cross - over trial .", "entities": [ "dysmenorrhea" ] }, { "id": "386", "type": "disease", "text": "Primary dysmenorrhea is a syndrome characterized by painful uterine contractility caused by a hypersecretion of endometrial prostaglandins ; non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs are the first choice for its treatment .", "entities": [ "dysmenorrhea" ] }, { "id": "388", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of glyceryl trinitrate ( GTN ) , an NO donor , in the resolution of primary dysmenorrhea in comparison with diclofenac ( DCF ) .", "entities": [ "dysmenorrhea" ] }, { "id": "389", "type": "disease", "text": "A total of 24 patients with the diagnosis of severe primary dysmenorrhea were studied during two consecutive menstrual cycles .", "entities": [ "dysmenorrhea" ] }, { "id": "394", "type": "disease", "text": "The difference in pain intensity score ( DPI ) was the main outcome variable .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "396", "type": "disease", "text": "However , DCF continued to be effective in reducing pelvic pain for two hours , whereas GTN scores remained more or less stable after 30 min and significantly higher than those for DFC ( after one hour : GTN , - 12 . 8 + / - 17 . 9 ; DFC , - 18 . 9 + / - 16 . 6 and after two hours : GTN , - 23 . 7 + / - 20 . 5 ; DFC , - 59 . 7 + / - 17 . 9 , p = 0 . 0001 ) .", "entities": [ "pelvic pain" ] }, { "id": "397", "type": "disease", "text": "Low back pain was also relieved by both drugs .", "entities": [ "Low back pain" ] }, { "id": "398", "type": "disease", "text": "Headache was significantly increased by GTN but not by DCF .", "entities": [ "Headache" ] }, { "id": "399", "type": "disease", "text": "Eight patients stopped using GTN because headache - - attributed to its use - - became intolerable .", "entities": [ "headache" ] }, { "id": "400", "type": "disease", "text": "These findings indicate that GTN has a reduced efficacy and tolerability by comparison with DCF in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea .", "entities": [ "dysmenorrhea" ] }, { "id": "401", "type": "disease", "text": "Temocapril , a long - acting non - SH group angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor , modulates glomerular injury in chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis .", "entities": [ "glomerular injury", "nephrosis" ] }, { "id": "402", "type": "disease", "text": "The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic administration of temocapril , a long - acting non - SH group angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor , reduced proteinuria , inhibited glomerular hypertrophy and prevented glomerulosclerosis in chronic puromycin aminonucleoside ( PAN ) - induced nephrotic rats .", "entities": [ "proteinuria", "hypertrophy", "glomerulosclerosis", "nephrotic" ] }, { "id": "403", "type": "disease", "text": "Nephrosis was induced by injection of PAN ( 15mg / 100g body weight ) in male Sprague - Dawley ( SD ) rats .", "entities": [ "Nephrosis" ] }, { "id": "409", "type": "disease", "text": "Temocapril did not attenuate proteinuria at 8 days , but it did markedly lower it from weeks 4 to 20 .", "entities": [ "proteinuria" ] }, { "id": "410", "type": "disease", "text": "The glomerulosclerosis index ( GSI ) was 6 . 21 % at 4 weeks and respectively 25 . 35 % and 30 . 49 % at 14 and 20 weeks in the PAN group .", "entities": [ "glomerulosclerosis" ] }, { "id": "413", "type": "disease", "text": "It appears that temocapril was effective in retarding renal progression and protected renal function in PAN neprotic rats .", "entities": [ "neprotic" ] }, { "id": "414", "type": "disease", "text": "Pulmonary hypertension after ibuprofen prophylaxis in very preterm infants .", "entities": [ "Pulmonary hypertension" ] }, { "id": "415", "type": "disease", "text": "We report three cases of severe hypoxaemia after ibuprofen administration during a randomised controlled trial of prophylactic treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with ibuprofen in premature infants born at less than 28 weeks of gestation .", "entities": [ "hypoxaemia", "patent ductus arteriosus" ] }, { "id": "417", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypoxaemia resolved quickly on inhaled nitric oxide therapy .", "entities": [ "Hypoxaemia" ] }, { "id": "418", "type": "disease", "text": "We suggest that investigators involved in similar trials pay close attention to pulmonary pressure if hypoxaemia occurs after prophylactic administration of ibuprofen .", "entities": [ "hypoxaemia" ] }, { "id": "419", "type": "disease", "text": "Hyponatremia and syndrome of inappropriate anti - diuretic hormone reported with the use of Vincristine : an over - representation of Asians ?", "entities": [ "Hyponatremia", "syndrome of inappropriate anti - diuretic hormone" ] }, { "id": "420", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : This retrospective study used a pharmaceutical company ' s global safety database to determine the reporting rate of hyponatremia and / or syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti - diuretic hormone ( SIADH ) among vincristine - treated patients and to explore the possibility of at - risk population subgroups .", "entities": [ "hyponatremia", "syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti - diuretic hormone", "SIADH" ] }, { "id": "421", "type": "disease", "text": "METHOD : We searched the Eli Lilly and Company ' s computerized adverse event database for all reported cases of hyponatremia and / or SIADH as of 1 November 1999 that had been reported during the use of vincristine .", "entities": [ "hyponatremia", "SIADH" ] }, { "id": "422", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : A total of 76 cases of hyponatremia and / or SIADH associated with vincristine use were identified .", "entities": [ "hyponatremia", "SIADH" ] }, { "id": "425", "type": "disease", "text": "Approximately 75 % of the patients were receiving treatment for leukemia or lymphoma .", "entities": [ "leukemia", "lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "427", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Our data suggest that Asian patients may be at increased risk of hyponatremia and / or SIADH associated with vincristine use .", "entities": [ "hyponatremia", "SIADH" ] }, { "id": "428", "type": "disease", "text": "Although the overall reported rate of SIADH associated with vincristine is very low , physicians caring for Asian oncology patients should be aware of this potential serious but reversible adverse event .", "entities": [ "SIADH" ] }, { "id": "429", "type": "disease", "text": "Delayed toxicity of cyclophosphamide on the bladder of DBA / 2 and C57BL / 6 female mouse .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "432", "type": "disease", "text": "Early CY toxicity caused a typical haemorrhagic cystitis in both strains that was completely repaired in about 7 - 10 days .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "433", "type": "disease", "text": "After 30 days of CY injection ulcerous and non - ulcerous forms of chronic cystitis appeared in 86 % of DBA / 2 mice but only in 4 % of C57BL / 6 mice .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "434", "type": "disease", "text": "Delayed cystitis was characterized by infiltration and transepithelial passage into the lumen of inflammatory cells and by frequent exfoliation of the urothelium .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "438", "type": "disease", "text": "Delayed cystitis still persisted in DBA / 2 mice 100 days after treatment .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "439", "type": "disease", "text": "These results indicate that delayed toxicity of CY in female DBA / 2 mice causes a bladder pathology that is not observed in C57BL / 6 mice .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "440", "type": "disease", "text": "This pathology resembles interstitial cystitis in humans and could perhaps be used as an animal model for studies on the disease .", "entities": [ "interstitial cystitis" ] }, { "id": "441", "type": "disease", "text": "High - dose 5 - fluorouracil / folinic acid in combination with three - weekly mitomycin C in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer .", "entities": [ "gastric cancer" ] }, { "id": "443", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : The 24 - hour continuous infusion of 5 - fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) and folinic acid ( FA ) as part of several new multidrug chemotherapy regimens in advanced gastric cancer ( AGC ) has shown to be effective , with low toxicity .", "entities": [ "gastric cancer", "AGC", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "444", "type": "disease", "text": "In a previous phase II study with 3 - weekly bolus 5 - FU , FA and mitomycin C ( MMC ) we found a low toxicity rate and response rates comparable to those of regimens such as ELF , FAM or FAMTX , and a promising median overall survival .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "446", "type": "disease", "text": "PATIENTS AND METHODS : From February , 1998 to September , 2000 we recruited 33 patients with AGC to receive weekly 24 - hour 5 - FU 2 , 600 mg / m ( 2 ) preceded by 2 - hour FA 500 mg / m ( 2 ) for 6 weeks , followed by a 2 - week rest period .", "entities": [ "AGC" ] }, { "id": "450", "type": "disease", "text": "18 patients had a primary AGC , and 15 showed a relapsed AGC .", "entities": [ "AGC", "AGC" ] }, { "id": "454", "type": "disease", "text": "The worst toxicities ( % ) observed were ( CTC - NCI 1 / 2 / 3 ) : leukopenia 45 . 5 / 18 . 2 / 6 . 1 , thrombocytopenia 33 . 3 / 9 . 1 / 6 . 1 , vomitus 24 . 2 / 9 . 1 / 0 , diarrhea 36 . 4 / 6 . 1 / 3 . 0 , stomatitis 18 . 2 / 9 . 1 / 0 , hand - foot syndrome 12 . 1 / 0 / 0 .", "entities": [ "toxicities", "leukopenia", "thrombocytopenia", "vomitus", "diarrhea", "stomatitis", "hand - foot syndrome" ] }, { "id": "455", "type": "disease", "text": "Two patients developed hemolytic - uremic syndrome ( HUS ) .", "entities": [ "hemolytic - uremic syndrome", "HUS" ] }, { "id": "456", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : High - dose 5 - FU / FA / MMC is an effective and well - tolerated outpatient regimen for AGC ( objective response rate 54 . 6 % ) .", "entities": [ "AGC" ] }, { "id": "457", "type": "disease", "text": "It may serve as an alternative to cisplatin - containing regimens ; however , it has to be considered that possibly HUS may occur .", "entities": [ "HUS" ] }, { "id": "458", "type": "disease", "text": "Persistent sterile leukocyturia is associated with impaired renal function in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - infected children treated with indinavir .", "entities": [ "leukocyturia", "impaired renal function", "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - infected" ] }, { "id": "461", "type": "disease", "text": "DESIGN : A prospective study to monitor indinavir - related nephrotoxicity in a cohort of 30 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - infected children treated with indinavir .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity", "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - infected" ] }, { "id": "465", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : The cumulative incidence of persistent sterile leukocyturia ( > or = 75 cells / micro L in at least 2 consecutive visits ) after 96 weeks was 53 % .", "entities": [ "leukocyturia" ] }, { "id": "466", "type": "disease", "text": "Persistent sterile leukocyturia was frequently associated with a mild increase in the urine albumin / creatinine ratio and by microscopic hematuria .", "entities": [ "leukocyturia", "hematuria" ] }, { "id": "468", "type": "disease", "text": "Children with persistent sterile leukocyturia more frequently had serum creatinine levels of 50 % above normal than those children without persistent sterile leukocyturia .", "entities": [ "leukocyturia", "leukocyturia" ] }, { "id": "469", "type": "disease", "text": "In children younger than 5 . 6 years , persistent sterile leukocyturia was significantly more frequent than in older children .", "entities": [ "leukocyturia" ] }, { "id": "470", "type": "disease", "text": "A higher cumulative incidence of persistent leukocyturia was found in children with an area under the curve > 19 mg / L x h or a peak serum level of indinavir > 12 mg / L .", "entities": [ "leukocyturia" ] }, { "id": "471", "type": "disease", "text": "In 4 children , indinavir was discontinued because of nephrotoxicity .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "472", "type": "disease", "text": "Subsequently , the serum creatinine levels decreased , the urine albumin / creatinine ratios returned to zero , and the leukocyturia disappeared within 3 months .", "entities": [ "leukocyturia" ] }, { "id": "473", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Children treated with indinavir have a high cumulative incidence of persistent sterile leukocyturia .", "entities": [ "leukocyturia" ] }, { "id": "474", "type": "disease", "text": "Children with persistent sterile leukocyturia more frequently had an increase in serum creatinine levels of > 50 % above normal .", "entities": [ "leukocyturia" ] }, { "id": "476", "type": "disease", "text": "The impairment of the renal function in these children occurred in the absence of clinical symptoms of nephrolithiasis .", "entities": [ "impairment of the renal function", "nephrolithiasis" ] }, { "id": "477", "type": "disease", "text": "Indinavir - associated nephrotoxicity must be monitored closely , especially in children with risk factors such as persistent sterile leukocyturia , age < 5 . 6 years , an area under the curve of indinavir > 19 mg / L x h , and a C ( max ) > 12 mg / L .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity", "leukocyturia" ] }, { "id": "478", "type": "disease", "text": "Utility of troponin I in patients with cocaine - associated chest pain .", "entities": [ "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "479", "type": "disease", "text": "Baseline electrocardiogram abnormalities and market elevations not associated with myocardial necrosis make accurate diagnosis of myocardial infarction ( MI ) difficult in patients with cocaine - associated chest pain .", "entities": [ "myocardial necrosis", "myocardial infarction", "MI", "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "481", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : To assess outcomes based on troponin positivity in patients with cocaine chest pain admitted for exclusion of MI .", "entities": [ "chest pain", "MI" ] }, { "id": "482", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Outcomes were examined in patients admitted for possible MI after cocaine use .", "entities": [ "MI" ] }, { "id": "484", "type": "disease", "text": "Outcomes included CK - MB MI ( CK - MB > or = 8 ng / mL with a relative index [ ( CK - MB x 100 ) / total CK ] > or = 4 , cardiac death , and significant coronary disease ( > or = 50 % ) .", "entities": [ "MI", "cardiac death", "coronary disease" ] }, { "id": "485", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Of the 246 admitted patients , 34 ( 14 % ) met CK - MB criteria for MI and 38 ( 16 % ) had cTnI elevations .", "entities": [ "MI" ] }, { "id": "487", "type": "disease", "text": "Three of the four patients without significant disease who had cTnI elevations met CK - MB criteria for MI , and the other had a peak CK - MB level of 13 ng / mL .", "entities": [ "MI" ] }, { "id": "488", "type": "disease", "text": "Sensitivities , specificities , and positive and negative likelihood ratios for predicting cardiac death or significant disease were high for both CK - MB MI and cTnI and were not significantly different .", "entities": [ "cardiac death", "MI" ] }, { "id": "489", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Most patients with cTnI elevations meet CK - MB criteria for MI , as well as have a high incidence of underlying significant disease .", "entities": [ "MI" ] }, { "id": "490", "type": "disease", "text": "Troponin appears to have an equivalent diagnostic accuracy compared with CK - MB for diagnosing necrosis in patients with cocaine - associated chest pain and suspected MI .", "entities": [ "necrosis", "chest pain", "MI" ] }, { "id": "491", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute interstitial nephritis due to nicergoline ( Sermion ) .", "entities": [ "interstitial nephritis" ] }, { "id": "492", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case of acute interstitial nephritis ( AIN ) due to nicergoline ( Sermion ) .", "entities": [ "interstitial nephritis", "AIN" ] }, { "id": "493", "type": "disease", "text": "A 50 - year - old patient admitted to our hospital for fever and acute renal failure .", "entities": [ "fever", "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "494", "type": "disease", "text": "Before admission , he had been taking nicergoline and bendazac lysine due to retinal vein occlusion at ophthalmologic department .", "entities": [ "retinal vein occlusion" ] }, { "id": "495", "type": "disease", "text": "Thereafter , he experienced intermittent fever and skin rash .", "entities": [ "fever", "skin rash" ] }, { "id": "496", "type": "disease", "text": "On admission , clinical symptoms ( i . e . arthralgia and fever ) and laboratory findings ( i . e . eosinophilia and renal failure ) suggested AIN , and which was confirmed by pathologic findings on renal biopsy .", "entities": [ "arthralgia", "fever", "eosinophilia", "renal failure", "AIN" ] }, { "id": "499", "type": "disease", "text": "To our knowledge , this is the first report of nicergoline - associated AIN .", "entities": [ "AIN" ] }, { "id": "500", "type": "disease", "text": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome complicated by massive intestinal bleeding in a patient with chronic renal failure .", "entities": [ "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "bleeding", "chronic renal failure" ] }, { "id": "501", "type": "disease", "text": "A patient with chronic renal failure ( CRF ) developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome ( NMS ) after administration of risperidone and levomepromazine .", "entities": [ "chronic renal failure", "CRF", "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "NMS" ] }, { "id": "502", "type": "disease", "text": "In addition to the typical symptoms of NMS , massive intestinal bleeding was observed during the episode .", "entities": [ "NMS", "bleeding" ] }, { "id": "503", "type": "disease", "text": "This report suggests that NMS in a patient with CRF may be complicated by intestinal bleeding and needs special caution for this complication .", "entities": [ "NMS", "CRF", "bleeding" ] }, { "id": "507", "type": "disease", "text": "Adrenaline - induced hypertension was used to destroy the BBB , which was evaluated using triphenyltetrazolium ( TTC ) staining of the brain slices just after giving adrenaline for 30 s .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "510", "type": "disease", "text": "Similar results were obtained in seizure - induced breakdown of BBB .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "513", "type": "disease", "text": "Carvedilol protects against doxorubicin - induced mitochondrial cardiomyopathy .", "entities": [ "cardiomyopathy" ] }, { "id": "514", "type": "disease", "text": "Several cytopathic mechanisms have been suggested to mediate the dose - limiting cumulative and irreversible cardiomyopathy caused by doxorubicin .", "entities": [ "cardiomyopathy" ] }, { "id": "515", "type": "disease", "text": "Recent evidence indicates that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are key factors in the pathogenic process .", "entities": [ "mitochondrial dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "516", "type": "disease", "text": "The objective of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that carvedilol , a nonselective beta - adrenergic receptor antagonist with potent antioxidant properties , protects against the cardiac and hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction associated with subchronic doxorubicin toxicity .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "524", "type": "disease", "text": "It is concluded that this protection by carvedilol against both the structural and functional cardiac tissue damage may afford significant clinical advantage in minimizing the dose - limiting mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy that accompanies long - term doxorubicin therapy in cancer patients .", "entities": [ "mitochondrial dysfunction", "cardiomyopathy", "cancer" ] }, { "id": "525", "type": "disease", "text": "Cocaine - induced hyperactivity is more influenced by adenosine receptor agonists than amphetamine - induced hyperactivity .", "entities": [ "hyperactivity", "hyperactivity" ] }, { "id": "526", "type": "disease", "text": "The influence of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists on cocaine - and amphetamine - induced hyperactivity was examined in mice .", "entities": [ "hyperactivity" ] }, { "id": "527", "type": "disease", "text": "All adenosine receptor agonists significantly decreased the locomotor activity in mice , and the effects were dose - dependent .", "entities": [ "decreased the locomotor activity" ] }, { "id": "535", "type": "disease", "text": "Similarly , all adenosine receptor agonists decreased amphetamine - induced hyperactivity , but at the higher doses than those which were active in cocaine - induced hyperactivity .", "entities": [ "hyperactivity", "hyperactivity" ] }, { "id": "537", "type": "disease", "text": "Our results have shown that all adenosine receptor agonists ( A1 and A2 ) reduce cocaine - and amphetamine - induced locomotor activity and indicate that cocaine - induced hyperactivity is more influenced by adenosine receptor agonists ( particularly A1 receptors ) than amphetamine - induced hyperactivity .", "entities": [ "hyperactivity", "hyperactivity" ] }, { "id": "538", "type": "disease", "text": "Amiodarone and the risk of bradyarrhythmia requiring permanent pacemaker in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and prior myocardial infarction .", "entities": [ "bradyarrhythmia", "atrial fibrillation", "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "539", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of amiodarone in patients with atrial fibrillation ( AF ) increases the risk of bradyarrhythmia requiring a permanent pacemaker .", "entities": [ "atrial fibrillation", "AF", "bradyarrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "540", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Reports of severe bradyarrhythmia during amiodarone therapy are infrequent and limited to studies assessing the therapy ' s use in the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias .", "entities": [ "bradyarrhythmia", "ventricular arrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "541", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : A study cohort of 8 , 770 patients age > or = 65 years with a new diagnosis of AF was identified from a provincewide database of Quebec residents with a myocardial infarction ( MI ) between 1991 and 1999 .", "entities": [ "AF", "myocardial infarction", "MI" ] }, { "id": "542", "type": "disease", "text": "Using a nested case - control design , 477 cases of bradyarrhythmia requiring a permanent pacemaker were matched ( 1 : 4 ) to 1 , 908 controls .", "entities": [ "bradyarrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "547", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : This study suggests that the use of amiodarone in elderly patients with AF and a previous MI increases the risk of bradyarrhythmia requiring a permanent pacemaker .", "entities": [ "AF", "MI", "bradyarrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "551", "type": "disease", "text": "Nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drug - induced cystitis is a poorly recognized and under - reported condition .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "558", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Indomethacin resulted in histopathologic findings typical of interstitial cystitis , such as leaky bladder epithelium and mucosal mastocytosis .", "entities": [ "interstitial cystitis", "mastocytosis" ] }, { "id": "559", "type": "disease", "text": "The true incidence of nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drug - induced cystitis in humans must be clarified by prospective clinical trials .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "560", "type": "disease", "text": "An open - label phase II study of low - dose thalidomide in androgen - independent prostate cancer .", "entities": [ "prostate cancer" ] }, { "id": "561", "type": "disease", "text": "The antiangiogenic effects of thalidomide have been assessed in clinical trials in patients with various solid and haematological malignancies .", "entities": [ "haematological malignancies" ] }, { "id": "563", "type": "disease", "text": "We undertook an open - label study using thalidomide 100 mg once daily for up to 6 months in 20 men with androgen - independent prostate cancer .", "entities": [ "prostate cancer" ] }, { "id": "569", "type": "disease", "text": "Adverse effects included constipation , morning drowsiness , dizziness and rash , and resulted in withdrawal from the study by three men .", "entities": [ "constipation", "drowsiness", "dizziness", "rash" ] }, { "id": "570", "type": "disease", "text": "Evidence of peripheral sensory neuropathy was found in nine of 13 men before treatment .", "entities": [ "peripheral sensory neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "571", "type": "disease", "text": "In the seven men who completed six months on thalidomide , subclinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy was found in four before treatment , but in all seven at repeat testing .", "entities": [ "peripheral neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "572", "type": "disease", "text": "The findings indicate that thalidomide may be an option for patients who have failed other forms of therapy , provided close follow - up is maintained for development of peripheral neuropathy .", "entities": [ "peripheral neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "573", "type": "disease", "text": "Central nervous system toxicity following the administration of levobupivacaine for lumbar plexus block : A report of two cases .", "entities": [ "Central nervous system toxicity" ] }, { "id": "574", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : Central nervous system and cardiac toxicity following the administration of local anesthetics is a recognized complication of regional anesthesia .", "entities": [ "Central nervous system and cardiac toxicity" ] }, { "id": "576", "type": "disease", "text": "We describe 2 cases of grand mal seizures following accidental intravascular injection of levobupivacaine .", "entities": [ "grand mal seizures" ] }, { "id": "578", "type": "disease", "text": "Immediately after the administration of levobupivacaine 0 . 5 % with epinephrine 2 . 5 microgram / mL , the patients developed grand mal seizures , despite negative aspiration for blood and no clinical signs of intravenous epinephrine administration .", "entities": [ "grand mal seizures" ] }, { "id": "579", "type": "disease", "text": "The seizures were successfully treated with sodium thiopental in addition to succinylcholine in 1 patient .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "580", "type": "disease", "text": "Neither patient developed signs of cardiovascular toxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiovascular toxicity" ] }, { "id": "582", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Although levobupivacaine may have a safer cardiac toxicity profile than racemic bupivacaine , if adequate amounts of levobupivacaine reach the circulation , it will result in convulsions .", "entities": [ "cardiac toxicity", "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "583", "type": "disease", "text": "Plasma concentrations sufficient to result in central nervous system toxicity did not produce manifestations of cardiac toxicity in these 2 patients .", "entities": [ "central nervous system toxicity", "cardiac toxicity" ] }, { "id": "584", "type": "disease", "text": "Amiodarone - induced torsade de pointes during bladder irrigation : an unusual presentation - - a case report .", "entities": [ "torsade de pointes" ] }, { "id": "585", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors present a case of early ( within 4 days ) development of torsade de pointes ( TdP ) associated with oral amiodarone therapy .", "entities": [ "torsade de pointes", "TdP" ] }, { "id": "586", "type": "disease", "text": "Consistent with other reports this case of TdP occurred in the context of multiple exacerbating factors including hypokalemia and digoxin excess .", "entities": [ "TdP", "hypokalemia" ] }, { "id": "587", "type": "disease", "text": "Transient prolongation of the QT during bladder irrigation prompted the episode of TdP .", "entities": [ "TdP" ] }, { "id": "588", "type": "disease", "text": "It is well known that bradycardia exacerbates acquired TdP .", "entities": [ "bradycardia", "TdP" ] }, { "id": "589", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors speculate that the increased vagal tone during bladder irrigation , a vagal maneuver , in the context of amiodarone therapy resulted in amiodarone - induced proarrhythmia .", "entities": [ "proarrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "590", "type": "disease", "text": "In the absence of amiodarone therapy , a second bladder irrigation did not induce TdP despite hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia .", "entities": [ "TdP", "hypokalemia", "hypomagnesemia" ] }, { "id": "591", "type": "disease", "text": "Anaesthetic complications associated with myotonia congenita : case study and comparison with other myotonic disorders .", "entities": [ "myotonia congenita", "myotonic disorders" ] }, { "id": "592", "type": "disease", "text": "Myotonia congenita ( MC ) is caused by a defect in the skeletal muscle chloride channel function , which may cause sustained membrane depolarisation .", "entities": [ "Myotonia congenita", "MC", "sustained membrane depolarisation" ] }, { "id": "593", "type": "disease", "text": "We describe a previously healthy 32 - year - old woman who developed a life - threatening muscle spasm and secondary ventilation difficulties following a preoperative injection of suxamethonium .", "entities": [ "muscle spasm" ] }, { "id": "594", "type": "disease", "text": "The muscle spasms disappeared spontaneously and the surgery proceeded without further problems .", "entities": [ "muscle spasms" ] }, { "id": "595", "type": "disease", "text": "When subsequently questioned , she reported minor symptoms suggesting a myotonic condition .", "entities": [ "myotonic condition" ] }, { "id": "596", "type": "disease", "text": "Myotonia was found on clinical examination and EMG .", "entities": [ "Myotonia" ] }, { "id": "597", "type": "disease", "text": "The diagnosis MC was confirmed genetically .", "entities": [ "MC" ] }, { "id": "599", "type": "disease", "text": "We give a brief overview of ion channel disorders including malignant hyperthermia and their anaesthetic considerations .", "entities": [ "ion channel disorders", "malignant hyperthermia" ] }, { "id": "600", "type": "disease", "text": "Respiratory pattern in a rat model of epilepsy .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "601", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : Apnea is known to occur during seizures , but systematic studies of ictal respiratory changes in adults are few .", "entities": [ "Apnea", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "603", "type": "disease", "text": "Here we sought to generate information with regard to the interictal period in animals with pilocarpine - induced epilepsy .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "604", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Twelve rats ( six chronically epileptic animals and six controls ) were anesthetized , given tracheotomies , and subjected to hyperventilation or hypoventilation conditions .", "entities": [ "epileptic", "hyperventilation" ] }, { "id": "607", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : The hyperventilation maneuver caused a decrease in spontaneous ventilation in pilocarpine - treated and control rats .", "entities": [ "hyperventilation" ] }, { "id": "608", "type": "disease", "text": "Although VE had a similar decrease in both groups , in the epileptic group , the decrease in VE was due to a significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) increase in TE peak in relation to that of the control animals .", "entities": [ "epileptic" ] }, { "id": "610", "type": "disease", "text": "In the epileptic group , the increase in VE was mediated by a significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) decrease in TE peak compared with the control group .", "entities": [ "epileptic" ] }, { "id": "613", "type": "disease", "text": "We speculate on the possible relation of the current findings on treating different epilepsy - associated conditions .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "614", "type": "disease", "text": "Fatal myeloencephalopathy due to intrathecal vincristine administration .", "entities": [ "myeloencephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "615", "type": "disease", "text": "Vincristine was accidentally given intrathecally to a child with leukaemia , producing sensory and motor dysfunction followed by encephalopathy and death .", "entities": [ "leukaemia", "sensory and motor dysfunction", "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "619", "type": "disease", "text": "After determining the bupivacaine AD50 ( the concentration of bupivacaine that caused 50 % of all beating rat heart myocyte cultures to become arrhythmic ) , we determined the effect of 1 - hour progesterone HCl exposure on myocyte contractile rhythm .", "entities": [ "arrhythmic" ] }, { "id": "624", "type": "disease", "text": "There was a significant decrease in the time to onset of arrhythmia as compared with control nonprogesterone - treated rats ( 6 . 2 + / - 1 . 3 vs . 30 . 8 + / - 2 . 5 min , mean + / - SE ) .", "entities": [ "arrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "626", "type": "disease", "text": "Potentiation of bupivacaine arrhythmia in myocyte cultures suggests that this effect is at least partly mediated at the myocyte level .", "entities": [ "arrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "627", "type": "disease", "text": "Increased serum soluble Fas in patients with acute liver failure due to paracetamol overdose .", "entities": [ "acute liver failure", "overdose" ] }, { "id": "628", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND / AIMS : Experimental studies have suggested that apoptosis via the Fas / Fas Ligand signaling system may play an important role in the development of acute liver failure .", "entities": [ "acute liver failure" ] }, { "id": "629", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of the study was to investigate the soluble form of Fas in patients with acute liver failure .", "entities": [ "acute liver failure" ] }, { "id": "630", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODOLOGY : Serum levels of sFas ( soluble Fas ) were measured by ELISA in 24 patients with acute liver failure and 10 normal control subjects .", "entities": [ "acute liver failure" ] }, { "id": "631", "type": "disease", "text": "Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor - alpha and interferon - gamma were also determined by ELISA .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "632", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Serum sFas was significantly increased in patients with acute liver failure ( median , 26 . 8 U / mL ; range , 6 . 9 - 52 . 7 U / mL ) compared to the normal controls ( median , 8 . 6 U / mL ; range , 6 . 5 - 12 . 0 U / mL , P < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entities": [ "acute liver failure" ] }, { "id": "633", "type": "disease", "text": "Levels were significantly greater in patients with acute liver failure due to paracetamol overdose ( median , 28 . 7 U / mL ; range , 12 . 8 - 52 . 7 U / mL , n = 17 ) than those due to non - A to E hepatitis ( median , 12 . 5 U / mL ; range , 6 . 9 - 46 . 0 U / mL , n = 7 , P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entities": [ "acute liver failure", "overdose", "hepatitis" ] }, { "id": "636", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : The increased concentration of sFas in serum of patients with acute liver failure may reflect activation of Fas - mediated apoptosis in the liver and this together with increased tumor necrosis factor - alpha may be an important factor in liver cell loss .", "entities": [ "acute liver failure", "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "637", "type": "disease", "text": "Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson ' s disease .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "638", "type": "disease", "text": "High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus ( STN ) is known to ameliorate the signs and symptoms of advanced Parkinson ' s disease .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "640", "type": "disease", "text": "METHOD : Twenty - three patients suffering from severe Parkinson ' s disease ( Stages III - V on Hoehn and Yahr scale ) and , particularly bradykinesia , rigidity , and levodopa - induced dyskinesias underwent bilateral implantation of electrodes in the STN .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease", "bradykinesia", "rigidity", "dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "641", "type": "disease", "text": "Preoperative and postoperative assessments of these patients at 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 months follow - up , in \" on \" and \" off \" drug conditions , was carried out using Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale , Hoehn and Yahr staging , England activities of daily living score and video recordings .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s Disease" ] }, { "id": "642", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : After one year of electrical stimulation of the STN , the patients ' scores for activities of daily living and motor examination scores ( Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale parts II and III ) off medication improved by 62 % and 61 % respectively ( p < 0 . 0005 ) .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s Disease" ] }, { "id": "643", "type": "disease", "text": "The subscores for the akinesia , rigidity , tremor and gait also improved .", "entities": [ "akinesia", "rigidity", "tremor" ] }, { "id": "648", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson ' s disease .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "650", "type": "disease", "text": "The reduction in the levodopa dose is useful in controlling drug - induced dyskinesias .", "entities": [ "drug - induced dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "651", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute renal failure occurring during intravenous desferrioxamine therapy : recovery after haemodialysis .", "entities": [ "Acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "652", "type": "disease", "text": "A patient with transfusion - dependent thalassemia was undergoing home intravenous desferrioxamine ( DFX ) treatment by means of a totally implanted system because of his poor compliance with the nightly subcutaneous therapy .", "entities": [ "thalassemia" ] }, { "id": "653", "type": "disease", "text": "Due to an accidental malfunctioning of the infusion pump , the patient was inadvertently administered a toxic dosage of the drug which caused renal insufficiency .", "entities": [ "renal insufficiency" ] }, { "id": "654", "type": "disease", "text": "Given the progressive deterioration of the symptoms and of the laboratory values , despite adequate medical treatment , a decision was made to introduce haemodialytical therapy in order to remove the drug and therapy reduce the nephrotoxicity .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "655", "type": "disease", "text": "From the results obtained , haemodialysis can therefore be suggested as a useful therapy in rare cases of progressive acute renal failure caused by desferrioxamine .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "656", "type": "disease", "text": "Ocular motility changes after subtenon carboplatin chemotherapy for retinoblastoma .", "entities": [ "retinoblastoma" ] }, { "id": "657", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Focal subtenon carboplatin injections have recently been used as a presumably toxicity - free adjunct to systemic chemotherapy for intraocular retinoblastoma .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "retinoblastoma" ] }, { "id": "658", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : To report our clinical experience with abnormal ocular motility in patients treated with subtenon carboplatin chemotherapy .", "entities": [ "abnormal ocular motility" ] }, { "id": "659", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : We noted abnormal ocular motility in 10 consecutive patients with retinoblastoma who had received subtenon carboplatin .", "entities": [ "abnormal ocular motility", "retinoblastoma" ] }, { "id": "660", "type": "disease", "text": "During ocular manipulation under general anesthesia , we assessed their eyes by forced duction testing , comparing ocular motility after tumor control with ocular motility at diagnosis .", "entities": [ "tumor" ] }, { "id": "662", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Limitation of ocular motility was detected in all 12 eyes of 10 patients treated for intraocular retinoblastoma with 1 to 6 injections of subtenon carboplatin as part of multimodality therapy .", "entities": [ "retinoblastoma" ] }, { "id": "663", "type": "disease", "text": "Histopathological examination revealed many lipophages in the periorbital fat surrounding the optic nerve in 1 eye , indicative of phagocytosis of previously existing fat cells and suggesting prior fat necrosis .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "664", "type": "disease", "text": "The enucleations were technically difficult and hazardous for globe rupture because of extensive orbital soft tissue adhesions .", "entities": [ "rupture" ] }, { "id": "665", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Subtenon carboplatin chemotherapy is associated with significant fibrosis of orbital soft tissues , leading to mechanical restriction of eye movements and making subsequent enucleation difficult .", "entities": [ "fibrosis" ] }, { "id": "666", "type": "disease", "text": "Subtenon carboplatin is not free of toxicity , and its use is best restricted to specific indications .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "667", "type": "disease", "text": "Ethambutol and optic neuropathy .", "entities": [ "optic neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "668", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : To demonstrate the association between ethambutol and optic neuropathy .", "entities": [ "optic neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "669", "type": "disease", "text": "METHOD : Thirteen patients who developed optic neuropathy after being treated with ethambutol for tuberculosis of the lung or lymph node at Siriraj Hospital between 1997 and 2001 were retrospectively reviewed .", "entities": [ "optic neuropathy", "tuberculosis of the lung or lymph node" ] }, { "id": "671", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : All patients had optic neuropathy between 1 to 6 months ( mean = 2 . 9 months ) after starting ethambutol therapy at a dosage ranging from 13 to 20 mg / kg / day ( mean = 17 mg / kg / day ) .", "entities": [ "optic neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "673", "type": "disease", "text": "Of 6 patients with irreversible visual impairment , 4 patients had diabetes mellitus , glaucoma and a history of heavy smoking .", "entities": [ "visual impairment", "diabetes mellitus", "glaucoma" ] }, { "id": "674", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Early recognition of optic neuropathy should be considered in patients with ethambutol therapy .", "entities": [ "optic neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "675", "type": "disease", "text": "A low dose and prompt discontinuation of the drug is recommended particularly in individuals with diabetes mellitus , glaucoma or who are heavy smokers .", "entities": [ "diabetes mellitus", "glaucoma" ] }, { "id": "676", "type": "disease", "text": "Treatment of compensatory gustatory hyperhidrosis with topical glycopyrrolate .", "entities": [ "gustatory hyperhidrosis" ] }, { "id": "677", "type": "disease", "text": "Gustatory hyperhidrosis is facial sweating usually associated with the eating of hot spicy food or even smelling this food .", "entities": [ "Gustatory hyperhidrosis", "sweating" ] }, { "id": "680", "type": "disease", "text": "All patients had gustatory hyperhidrosis , which interfered with their social activities , after transthroacic endoscopic sympathectomy , and which was associated with compensatory focal hyperhidrosis .", "entities": [ "gustatory hyperhidrosis", "hyperhidrosis" ] }, { "id": "681", "type": "disease", "text": "After applying topical glycopyrrolate , the subjective effect was excellent ( no sweating after eating hot spicy food ) in 10 patients ( 77 % ) , and fair ( clearly reduced sweating ) in 3 patients ( 23 % ) .", "entities": [ "sweating", "sweating" ] }, { "id": "683", "type": "disease", "text": "Adverse effects included a mildly dry mouth and a sore throat in 2 patients ( 2 % glycopyrrolate ) , a light headache in 1 patient ( 1 . 5 % glycopyrrolate ) .", "entities": [ "dry mouth", "sore throat", "headache" ] }, { "id": "684", "type": "disease", "text": "The topical application of a glycopyrrolate pad appeared to be safe , efficacious , well tolerated , and a convenient method of treatment for moderate to severe symptoms of gustatory hyperhidrosis in post transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy patients , with few side effects .", "entities": [ "gustatory hyperhidrosis" ] }, { "id": "685", "type": "disease", "text": "Neuroleptic - associated hyperprolactinemia .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "687", "type": "disease", "text": "Six stable psychiatric outpatients with hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea / oligomenorrhea associated with their neuroleptic medications were treated with bromocriptine .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia", "amenorrhea", "oligomenorrhea" ] }, { "id": "688", "type": "disease", "text": "Daily dosages of 5 - 10 mg corrected the hyperprolactinemia and restored menstruation in four of the six patients .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "689", "type": "disease", "text": "One woman , however , developed worsened psychiatric symptoms while taking bromocriptine , and it was discontinued .", "entities": [ "psychiatric symptoms" ] }, { "id": "691", "type": "disease", "text": "This suggests that bromocriptine should be further evaluated as potential therapy for neuroleptic - associated hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea / galactorrhea .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia", "amenorrhea", "galactorrhea" ] }, { "id": "692", "type": "disease", "text": "Ethacrynic acid - induced convulsions and brain neurotransmitters in mice .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "693", "type": "disease", "text": "Intracerebroventricular injection of ethacrynic acid ( 50 % convulsive dose ; 50 micrograms / mouse ) accelerated the synthesis / turnover of 5 - hydroxytryptamine ( 5 - HT ) but suppressed the synthesis of gamma - aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine in mouse brain .", "entities": [ "convulsive" ] }, { "id": "695", "type": "disease", "text": "In ethacrynic acid - induced convulsions , these neurotransmitter systems may be differentially modulated , probably through activation of glutaminergic neurons in the brain .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "704", "type": "disease", "text": "Moreover , 0 . 05 mg / kg of this beta - carboline reduced markedly the increase of [ 35S ] TBPS binding and the convulsions induced by isoniazid ( 200 mg / kg s . c . ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "705", "type": "disease", "text": "Recurrent myocardial infarction in a postpartum patient receiving bromocriptine .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "706", "type": "disease", "text": "Myocardial infarction in puerperium is infrequently reported .", "entities": [ "Myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "707", "type": "disease", "text": "Spasm , coronary dissection , or atheromatous etiology has been described .", "entities": [ "Spasm" ] }, { "id": "708", "type": "disease", "text": "Bromocriptine has been implicated in several previous case reports of myocardial infarction in the puerperium .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "711", "type": "disease", "text": "Asterixis induced by carbamazepine therapy .", "entities": [ "Asterixis" ] }, { "id": "712", "type": "disease", "text": "There are very few reports about asterixis as a side effect of treatment with psychopharmacologic agents .", "entities": [ "asterixis" ] }, { "id": "713", "type": "disease", "text": "In this report we present four patients treated with a combination of different psychotropic drugs , in whom asterixis was triggered either by adding carbamazepine ( CBZ ) to a treatment regimen , or by increasing its dosage .", "entities": [ "asterixis" ] }, { "id": "715", "type": "disease", "text": "We consider asterixis to be an easily overlooked sign of neurotoxicity , which may occur even at low or moderate dosage levels , if certain drugs as lithium or clozapine are used in combination with CBZ .", "entities": [ "asterixis", "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "716", "type": "disease", "text": "Pharmacodynamics of the hypotensive effect of levodopa in parkinsonian patients .", "entities": [ "hypotensive", "parkinsonian" ] }, { "id": "717", "type": "disease", "text": "Blood pressure effects of i . v . levodopa were examined in parkinsonian patients with stable and fluctuating responses to levodopa .", "entities": [ "parkinsonian" ] }, { "id": "718", "type": "disease", "text": "The magnitude of the hypotensive effect of levodopa was concentration dependent and was fit to an Emax model in fluctuating responders .", "entities": [ "hypotensive" ] }, { "id": "719", "type": "disease", "text": "Stable responders demonstrated a small hypotensive response .", "entities": [ "hypotensive" ] }, { "id": "720", "type": "disease", "text": "Baseline blood pressures were higher in fluctuating patients ; a higher baseline blood pressure correlated with greater hypotensive effects .", "entities": [ "hypotensive" ] }, { "id": "722", "type": "disease", "text": "Phenylalanine , a large neutral amino acid ( LNAA ) competing with levodopa for transport across the blood - brain barrier , reduced the hypotensive and antiparkinsonian effects of levodopa .", "entities": [ "hypotensive" ] }, { "id": "723", "type": "disease", "text": "We conclude that levodopa has a central hypotensive action that parallels the motor effects in fluctuating patients .", "entities": [ "hypotensive" ] }, { "id": "724", "type": "disease", "text": "The hypotensive effect appears to be related to the higher baseline blood pressure we observed in fluctuating patients relative to stable patients .", "entities": [ "hypotensive" ] }, { "id": "725", "type": "disease", "text": "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after infusional vincristine .", "entities": [ "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone" ] }, { "id": "726", "type": "disease", "text": "A 77 - year - old woman with refractory multiple myeloma was treated with a 4 - day continuous intravenous infusion of vincristine and doxorubicin and 4 days of oral dexamethasone .", "entities": [ "multiple myeloma" ] }, { "id": "727", "type": "disease", "text": "Nine days after her second cycle she presented with lethargy and weakness associated with hyponatremia .", "entities": [ "lethargy", "weakness", "hyponatremia" ] }, { "id": "728", "type": "disease", "text": "Evaluation revealed the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone , which was attributed to the vincristine infusion .", "entities": [ "syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone" ] }, { "id": "730", "type": "disease", "text": "Heart failure : to digitalise or not ?", "entities": [ "Heart failure" ] }, { "id": "733", "type": "disease", "text": "In patients with atrial fibrillation digoxin is beneficial for ventricular rate control .", "entities": [ "atrial fibrillation" ] }, { "id": "734", "type": "disease", "text": "For patients in sinus rhythm and heart failure the situation is less clear .", "entities": [ "heart failure" ] }, { "id": "736", "type": "disease", "text": "Also , digoxin has undesirable effects such as increasing peripheral resistance and myocardial demands , and causing arrhythmias .", "entities": [ "arrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "741", "type": "disease", "text": "Pooled analysis of the effects of other inotropic drugs shows an excess mortality and there is a possibility that digoxin may increase mortality after myocardial infarction ( MI ) .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction", "MI" ] }, { "id": "745", "type": "disease", "text": "Isradipine treatment for hypertension in general practice in Hong Kong .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "747", "type": "disease", "text": "303 Chinese patients with mild to moderate hypertension entered the study .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "749", "type": "disease", "text": "The main side - effects were headache , dizziness , palpitation and flushing and these were not more frequent than reported in other studies with isradipine or with placebo .", "entities": [ "headache", "dizziness", "palpitation", "flushing" ] }, { "id": "751", "type": "disease", "text": "Similar reductions occurred in standing blood pressure and there was no evidence of postural hypotension .", "entities": [ "postural hypotension" ] }, { "id": "758", "type": "disease", "text": "The pharmacodynamic parameters assessed included induction and emergence times , respiratory and cardiovascular effects , and pain on injection .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "760", "type": "disease", "text": "Owing to a high incidence of thrombophlebitis , the study was terminated prematurely and only the data of the two parallel treatment groups ( 15 patients in each group ) were analysed .", "entities": [ "thrombophlebitis" ] }, { "id": "763", "type": "disease", "text": "Pain on injection ( 80 vs . 20 % , p < 0 . 01 ) and thrombophlebitis ( 93 . 3 vs . 6 . 6 % , p < 0 . 001 ) occurred more frequently with AM149 than with Disoprivan .", "entities": [ "Pain", "thrombophlebitis" ] }, { "id": "764", "type": "disease", "text": "Although both formulations had similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles the new formulation is not suitable for clinical use due to the high incidence of thrombophlebitis produced .", "entities": [ "thrombophlebitis" ] }, { "id": "765", "type": "disease", "text": "Pure red cell aplasia , toxic dermatitis and lymphadenopathy in a patient taking diphenylhydantoin .", "entities": [ "Pure red cell aplasia", "toxic dermatitis", "lymphadenopathy" ] }, { "id": "766", "type": "disease", "text": "A patient taking diphenylhydantoin for 3 weeks developed a generalized skin rash , lymphadenopathy and pure red cell aplasia .", "entities": [ "skin rash", "lymphadenopathy", "pure red cell aplasia" ] }, { "id": "768", "type": "disease", "text": "Skin rash is a well - known complication of diphenylhydantoin treatment as is benign and malignant lymphadenopathy .", "entities": [ "Skin rash", "lymphadenopathy" ] }, { "id": "769", "type": "disease", "text": "Pure red cell aplasia associated with diphenylhydantoin medication has been reported in 3 patients .", "entities": [ "Pure red cell aplasia" ] }, { "id": "771", "type": "disease", "text": "In this patient the time relation between the ingestion of diphenylhydantoin and the occurrence of the skin rash , lymphadenopathy and pure red cell aplasia is very suggestive of a direct connection .", "entities": [ "skin rash", "lymphadenopathy", "pure red cell aplasia" ] }, { "id": "774", "type": "disease", "text": "In order to quantify the incidence of these cardiac events , we performed a meta - analysis of clinical trials comparing VNR with other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various malignancies .", "entities": [ "malignancies" ] }, { "id": "775", "type": "disease", "text": "Randomized clinical trials comparing VNR with other drugs in the treatment of cancer were searched in Medline , Embase , Evidence - based Medicine Reviews databases and the Cochrane library from 1987 to 2002 .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "780", "type": "disease", "text": "The risk of VNR cardiac events was similar to vindesine ( VDS ) and other cardiotoxic drugs [ fluorouracil , anthracyclines , gemcitabine ( GEM ) em leader ] .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxic" ] }, { "id": "781", "type": "disease", "text": "Even if it did not reach statistical significance because of a few number of cases , the risk was lower in trials excluding patients with cardiac history , and seemed to be higher in trials including patients with pre - existing cardiac diseases .", "entities": [ "cardiac diseases" ] }, { "id": "784", "type": "disease", "text": "MRI findings of hypoxic cortical laminar necrosis in a child with hemolytic anemia crisis .", "entities": [ "necrosis", "hemolytic anemia" ] }, { "id": "785", "type": "disease", "text": "We present magnetic resonance imaging findings of a 5 - year - old girl who had a rapidly installing hemolytic anemia crisis induced by trimethoprim - sulfomethoxazole , resulting in cerebral anoxia leading to permanent damage .", "entities": [ "hemolytic anemia", "cerebral anoxia" ] }, { "id": "786", "type": "disease", "text": "Magnetic Resonance imaging revealed cortical laminar necrosis in arterial border zones in both cerebral hemispheres , ischemic changes in subcortical white matter of left cerebral hemisphere , and in the left putamen .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "787", "type": "disease", "text": "Although cortical laminar necrosis is a classic entity in adulthood related to conditions of energy depletions , there are few reports available in children .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "789", "type": "disease", "text": "The natural history of Vigabatrin associated visual field defects in patients electing to continue their medication .", "entities": [ "visual field defects" ] }, { "id": "790", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : To determine the natural history of visual field defects in a group of patients known to have Vigabatrin - associated changes who elected to continue the medication because of good seizure control .", "entities": [ "visual field defects", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "794", "type": "disease", "text": "Following already published methodology ( Eye 2002 ; 16 ; 567 - 571 ) monocular mean radial degrees ( MRDs ) to the I / 4e isopter on Goldmann perimetry was calculated for the right eye at the time of discovery of a visual field defect and again after not less than 18 months follow - up .", "entities": [ "visual field defect" ] }, { "id": "796", "type": "disease", "text": "Only one patient demonstrated a deterioration in visual field during the study period and discontinued treatment .", "entities": [ "deterioration in visual field" ] }, { "id": "797", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Established visual field defects presumed to be due to Vigabatrin therapy did not usually progress in spite of continuing use of the medication .", "entities": [ "visual field defects" ] }, { "id": "798", "type": "disease", "text": "These data give support to the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of Vigabatrin - associated visual field defects may be an idiosyncratic adverse drug reaction rather than dose - dependent toxicity .", "entities": [ "visual field defects", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "799", "type": "disease", "text": "Induction of rosaceiform dermatitis during treatment of facial inflammatory dermatoses with tacrolimus ointment .", "entities": [ "dermatitis", "facial inflammatory dermatoses" ] }, { "id": "800", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Tacrolimus ointment is increasingly used for anti - inflammatory treatment of sensitive areas such as the face , and recent observations indicate that the treatment is effective in steroid - aggravated rosacea and perioral dermatitis .", "entities": [ "rosacea", "perioral dermatitis" ] }, { "id": "801", "type": "disease", "text": "We report on rosaceiform dermatitis as a complication of treatment with tacrolimus ointment .", "entities": [ "dermatitis" ] }, { "id": "802", "type": "disease", "text": "OBSERVATIONS : Six adult patients with inflammatory facial dermatoses were treated with tacrolimus ointment because of the ineffectiveness of standard treatments .", "entities": [ "inflammatory facial dermatoses" ] }, { "id": "803", "type": "disease", "text": "Within 2 to 3 weeks of initially effective and well - tolerated treatment , 3 patients with a history of rosacea and 1 with a history of acne experienced sudden worsening with pustular rosaceiform lesions .", "entities": [ "rosacea", "acne" ] }, { "id": "805", "type": "disease", "text": "In 1 patient with eyelid eczema , rosaceiform periocular dermatitis gradually appeared after 3 weeks of treatment .", "entities": [ "eczema", "periocular dermatitis" ] }, { "id": "806", "type": "disease", "text": "In 1 patient with atopic dermatitis , telangiectatic and papular rosacea insidiously appeared after 5 months of treatment .", "entities": [ "atopic dermatitis", "papular rosacea" ] }, { "id": "807", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Our observations suggest that the spectrum of rosaceiform dermatitis as a complication of treatment with tacrolimus ointment is heterogeneous .", "entities": [ "dermatitis" ] }, { "id": "810", "type": "disease", "text": "Intravascular hemolysis and acute renal failure following intermittent rifampin therapy .", "entities": [ "hemolysis", "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "811", "type": "disease", "text": "Renal failure is a rare complication associated with the use of rifampin .", "entities": [ "Renal failure" ] }, { "id": "812", "type": "disease", "text": "Intravascular hemolysis leading to acute renal failure following rifampin therapy is extremely rare .", "entities": [ "hemolysis", "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "813", "type": "disease", "text": "Two patients with leprosy who developed hemolysis and acute renal failure following rifampin are reported .", "entities": [ "leprosy", "hemolysis", "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "815", "type": "disease", "text": "We visualize , for the first time , the profile of structural deficits in the human brain associated with chronic methamphetamine ( MA ) abuse .", "entities": [ "structural deficits in the human brain" ] }, { "id": "816", "type": "disease", "text": "Studies of human subjects who have used MA chronically have revealed deficits in dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and cerebral metabolic abnormalities .", "entities": [ "metabolic abnormalities" ] }, { "id": "817", "type": "disease", "text": "Using magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) and new computational brain - mapping techniques , we determined the pattern of structural brain alterations associated with chronic MA abuse in human subjects and related these deficits to cognitive impairment .", "entities": [ "cognitive impairment" ] }, { "id": "818", "type": "disease", "text": "We used high - resolution MRI and surface - based computational image analyses to map regional abnormalities in the cortex , hippocampus , white matter , and ventricles in 22 human subjects who used MA and 21 age - matched , healthy controls .", "entities": [ "abnormalities in the cortex , hippocampus , white matter , and ventricles" ] }, { "id": "820", "type": "disease", "text": "On average , MA abusers had 7 . 8 % smaller hippocampal volumes than control subjects ( p < 0 . 01 ; left , p = 0 . 01 ; right , p < 0 . 05 ) and significant white - matter hypertrophy ( 7 . 0 % ; p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entities": [ "hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "822", "type": "disease", "text": "MRI - based maps suggest that chronic methamphetamine abuse causes a selective pattern of cerebral deterioration that contributes to impaired memory performance .", "entities": [ "impaired memory performance" ] }, { "id": "824", "type": "disease", "text": "Prominent white - matter hypertrophy may result from altered myelination and adaptive glial changes , including gliosis secondary to neuronal damage .", "entities": [ "hypertrophy", "gliosis", "neuronal damage" ] }, { "id": "825", "type": "disease", "text": "These brain substrates may help account for the symptoms of MA abuse , providing therapeutic targets for drug - induced brain injury .", "entities": [ "brain injury" ] }, { "id": "827", "type": "disease", "text": "Amiodarone , an efficacious and widely used antiarrhythmic agent , has been reported to cause hepatotoxicity in some patients .", "entities": [ "hepatotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "829", "type": "disease", "text": "Amiodarone induced hepatomegaly , hepatocyte microvesicular lipid accumulation , and a significant decrease in serum triglycerides and glucose .", "entities": [ "hepatomegaly" ] }, { "id": "832", "type": "disease", "text": "The absence of induction of these genes as well as hepatomegaly in PPARalpha knockout [ PPARalpha - / - ] mice indicated that the effects of amiodarone were dependent upon the presence of a functional PPARalpha gene .", "entities": [ "hepatomegaly" ] }, { "id": "833", "type": "disease", "text": "Compared to wild - type mice , treatment of PPARalpha - / - mice with amiodarone resulted in an increased rate and extent of total body weight loss .", "entities": [ "weight loss" ] }, { "id": "834", "type": "disease", "text": "The inability of amiodarone to directly activate either human or mouse PPARalpha transiently expressed in human HepG2 hepatoma cells indicates that the effects of amiodarone on the function of this receptor were indirect .", "entities": [ "hepatoma" ] }, { "id": "836", "type": "disease", "text": "These results provide important new mechanistic information regarding the hepatotoxic effects of amiodarone and indicate that PPARalpha protects against amiodarone - induced hepatotoxicity .", "entities": [ "hepatotoxic", "hepatotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "838", "type": "disease", "text": "Niacin extended - release / lovastatin is a new combination product approved for treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia .", "entities": [ "hypercholesterolemia", "dyslipidemia" ] }, { "id": "840", "type": "disease", "text": "A total of 4 , 499 patients with dyslipidemia requiring drug intervention was enrolled at 1 , 081 sites .", "entities": [ "dyslipidemia" ] }, { "id": "842", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients also received dietary counseling , educational materials , and reminders to call a toll - free number that provided further education about dyslipidemia and niacin extended - release / lovastatin .", "entities": [ "dyslipidemia" ] }, { "id": "843", "type": "disease", "text": "Primary end points were study compliance , increases in liver transaminases to > 3 times the upper limit of normal , and clinical myopathy .", "entities": [ "myopathy" ] }, { "id": "847", "type": "disease", "text": "Flushing was the most common adverse event , reported by 18 % of patients and leading to discontinuation by 6 % .", "entities": [ "Flushing" ] }, { "id": "849", "type": "disease", "text": "An increase of creatine phosphokinase to > 5 times the upper limit of normal occurred in 0 . 24 % of patients , and no cases of drug - induced myopathy were observed .", "entities": [ "myopathy" ] }, { "id": "851", "type": "disease", "text": "Protective effect of Terminalia chebula against experimental myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol .", "entities": [ "myocardial injury" ] }, { "id": "852", "type": "disease", "text": "Cardioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits ( 500 mg / kg body wt ) was examined in isoproterenol ( 200 mg / kg body wt ) induced myocardial damage in rats .", "entities": [ "myocardial damage" ] }, { "id": "855", "type": "disease", "text": "Histopathological examination was carried out to confirm the myocardial necrosis .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "857", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of postoperative anxiety due to low dose droperidol used with patient - controlled analgesia .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "861", "type": "disease", "text": "The diagnosis of droperidol - induced psychological disturbance was not made straight away although on subsequent close questioning the patient gave a very clear history .", "entities": [ "psychological disturbance" ] }, { "id": "864", "type": "disease", "text": "Accurate patient history contributes to differentiating diabetes insipidus : a case study .", "entities": [ "diabetes insipidus" ] }, { "id": "866", "type": "disease", "text": "The case discussed herein initially appeared to be neurogenic diabetes insipidus ( DI ) secondary to a traumatic brain injury .", "entities": [ "neurogenic diabetes insipidus", "DI", "traumatic brain injury" ] }, { "id": "867", "type": "disease", "text": "The nursing staff , by reviewing the patient ' s health history with his family , discovered a history of polydipsia and long - standing lithium use .", "entities": [ "polydipsia" ] }, { "id": "868", "type": "disease", "text": "Lithium is implicated in drug - induced nephrogenic DI , and because the patient had not received lithium since being admitted to the hospital , his treatment changed to focus on nephrogenic DI .", "entities": [ "nephrogenic DI", "nephrogenic DI" ] }, { "id": "869", "type": "disease", "text": "By combining information from the patient history , the physical examination , and radiologic and laboratory studies , the critical care team demonstrated that the patient had been self - treating his lithium - induced nephrogenic DI and developed neurogenic DI secondary to brain trauma .", "entities": [ "nephrogenic DI", "neurogenic DI", "brain trauma" ] }, { "id": "870", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus successful treatment required that nephrogenic and neurogenic DI be treated concomitantly .", "entities": [ "neurogenic DI" ] }, { "id": "871", "type": "disease", "text": "Factors contributing to ribavirin - induced anemia .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "872", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND AND AIM : Interferon and ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C produces hemolytic anemia .", "entities": [ "chronic hepatitis C", "hemolytic anemia" ] }, { "id": "873", "type": "disease", "text": "This study was conducted to identify the factors contributing to ribavirin - induced anemia .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "874", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Eighty - eight patients with chronic hepatitis C who received interferon - alpha - 2b at a dose of 6 MU administered intramuscularly for 24 weeks in combination with ribavirin administered orally at a dose of 600 mg or 800 mg participated in the study .", "entities": [ "chronic hepatitis C" ] }, { "id": "875", "type": "disease", "text": "A hemoglobin concentration of < 10 g / dL was defined as ribavirin - induced anemia .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "876", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Ribavirin - induced anemia occurred in 18 ( 20 . 5 % ) patients during treatment .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "877", "type": "disease", "text": "A 2 g / dL decrease in hemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia was observed at week 2 after the start of treatment .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "879", "type": "disease", "text": "A significant relationship was observed between the rate of reduction of hemoglobin concentrations at week 2 and the severity of anemia ( P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "883", "type": "disease", "text": "Zidovudine - induced hepatitis .", "entities": [ "hepatitis" ] }, { "id": "884", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of acute hepatitis induced by zidovudine in a 38 - year - old patient with AIDS is presented .", "entities": [ "hepatitis", "AIDS" ] }, { "id": "885", "type": "disease", "text": "The mechanism whereby the hepatitis was induced is not known .", "entities": [ "hepatitis" ] }, { "id": "887", "type": "disease", "text": "Physicians caring for patients with AIDS should be aware of this hitherto rarely reported complication .", "entities": [ "AIDS" ] }, { "id": "888", "type": "disease", "text": "Oxidative damage precedes nitrative damage in adriamycin - induced cardiac mitochondrial injury .", "entities": [ "mitochondrial injury" ] }, { "id": "889", "type": "disease", "text": "The purpose of the present study was to determine if elevated reactive oxygen ( ROS ) / nitrogen species ( RNS ) reported to be present in adriamycin ( ADR ) - induced cardiotoxicity actually resulted in cardiomyocyte oxidative / nitrative damage , and to quantitatively determine the time course and subcellular localization of these postulated damage products using an in vivo approach .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "895", "type": "disease", "text": "Our data showed ADR induced 4HNE - protein adducts in mitochondria at the same time point as when mitochondrial injury initially appeared .", "entities": [ "mitochondrial injury" ] }, { "id": "896", "type": "disease", "text": "These results document for the first time in vivo that mitochondrial oxidative damage precedes nitrative damage .", "entities": [ "mitochondrial oxidative damage" ] }, { "id": "897", "type": "disease", "text": "The progressive nature of mitochondrial injury suggests that mitochondria , not other subcellular organelles , are the major site of intracellular injury .", "entities": [ "mitochondrial injury" ] }, { "id": "898", "type": "disease", "text": "Sotalol - induced coronary spasm in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy associated with sustained ventricular tachycardia .", "entities": [ "coronary spasm", "dilated cardiomyopathy", "ventricular tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "899", "type": "disease", "text": "A 54 - year - old man with severe left ventricular dysfunction due to dilated cardiomyopathy was referred to our hospital for symptomatic incessant sustained ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) .", "entities": [ "ventricular dysfunction", "dilated cardiomyopathy", "ventricular tachycardia", "VT" ] }, { "id": "900", "type": "disease", "text": "After the administration of nifekalant hydrochloride , sustained VT was terminated .", "entities": [ "VT" ] }, { "id": "901", "type": "disease", "text": "An alternate class III agent , sotalol , was also effective for the prevention of VT .", "entities": [ "VT" ] }, { "id": "904", "type": "disease", "text": "Coronary vasospasm may be induced by the non - selective beta - blocking properties of sotalol .", "entities": [ "Coronary vasospasm" ] }, { "id": "909", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : The effect of pretreatment with trazodone on dexamphetamine - and apomorphine - induced oral stereotypies , on catalepsy induced by haloperidol and apomorphine ( 0 . 05 mg / kg , i . p . ) , on ergometrine - induced wet dog shake ( WDS ) behavior and fluoxetine - induced penile erections was studied in rats .", "entities": [ "oral stereotypies", "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "910", "type": "disease", "text": "We also investigated whether trazodone induces catalepsy in rats .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "911", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Trazodone at 2 . 5 - 20 mg / kg i . p . did not induce catalepsy , and did not antagonize apomorphine ( 1 . 5 and 3 mg / kg ) stereotypy and apomorphine ( 0 . 05 mg / kg ) - induced catalepsy .", "entities": [ "catalepsy", "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "912", "type": "disease", "text": "However , pretreatment with 5 , 10 and 20 mg / kg i . p . trazodone enhanced dexamphetamine stereotypy , and antagonized haloperidol catalepsy , ergometrine - induced WDS behavior and fluoxetine - induced penile erections .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "913", "type": "disease", "text": "Trazodone at 30 , 40 and 50 mg / kg i . p . induced catalepsy and antagonized apomorphine and dexamphetamine stereotypies .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "916", "type": "disease", "text": "We suggest that trazodone ( 5 , 10 and 20 mg / kg ) , by blocking the 5 - HT 2C receptors , releases the nigrostriatal DAergic neurons from tonic inhibition caused by 5 - HT , and thereby potentiates dexamphetamine stereotypy and antagonizes haloperidol catalepsy .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "917", "type": "disease", "text": "Swallowing abnormalities and dyskinesia in Parkinson ' s disease .", "entities": [ "Swallowing abnormalities", "dyskinesia", "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "918", "type": "disease", "text": "Gastrointestinal abnormalities in Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) have been known for almost two centuries , but many aspects concerning their pathophysiology have not been completely clarified .", "entities": [ "Gastrointestinal abnormalities", "Parkinson ' s disease", "PD" ] }, { "id": "919", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of this study was to characterize the oropharyngeal dynamics in PD patients with and without levodopa - induced dyskinesia .", "entities": [ "PD", "dyskinesia" ] }, { "id": "920", "type": "disease", "text": "Fifteen dyskinetic , 12 nondyskinetic patients , and a control group were included .", "entities": [ "dyskinetic" ] }, { "id": "921", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients were asked about dysphagia and evaluated with the Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale Parts II and III and the Hoehn and Yahr scale .", "entities": [ "dysphagia", "Parkinson ' s Disease" ] }, { "id": "923", "type": "disease", "text": "Nondyskinetic patients , but not the dyskinetic ones , showed less oropharyngeal swallowing efficiency ( OPSE ) for liquid food than controls ( Dunnett , P = 0 . 02 ) .", "entities": [ "dyskinetic" ] }, { "id": "924", "type": "disease", "text": "Dyskinetic patients tended to have a greater OPSE than nondyskinetic ( Dunnett , P = 0 . 06 ) .", "entities": [ "Dyskinetic" ] }, { "id": "926", "type": "disease", "text": "Neither the report of dysphagia nor any of the PD severity parameters correlated to the videofluoroscopic variables .", "entities": [ "dysphagia", "PD" ] }, { "id": "927", "type": "disease", "text": "In the current study , dyskinetic patients performed better in swallowing function , which could be explained on the basis of a greater levodopa dose .", "entities": [ "dyskinetic" ] }, { "id": "928", "type": "disease", "text": "Our results suggest a role for levodopa in the oral phase of deglutition and confirm that dysphagia is not a good predictor of deglutition alterations in PD .", "entities": [ "dysphagia", "PD" ] }, { "id": "929", "type": "disease", "text": "Inhibition of nuclear factor - kappaB activation attenuates tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by gentamicin .", "entities": [ "tubulointerstitial nephritis" ] }, { "id": "930", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Animals treated with gentamicin can show residual areas of interstitial fibrosis in the renal cortex .", "entities": [ "fibrosis" ] }, { "id": "938", "type": "disease", "text": "The animals killed on day 30 also presented fibrosis in the renal cortex despite the recovery of renal function .", "entities": [ "fibrosis" ] }, { "id": "940", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : These data show that inhibition of NF - kappaB activation attenuates tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by gentamicin .", "entities": [ "tubulointerstitial nephritis" ] }, { "id": "941", "type": "disease", "text": "Glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotic agents : a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal model analysis .", "entities": [ "schizophrenia" ] }, { "id": "942", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : While the incidence of new - onset diabetes mellitus may be increasing in patients with schizophrenia treated with certain atypical antipsychotic agents , it remains unclear whether atypical agents are directly affecting glucose metabolism or simply increasing known risk factors for diabetes .", "entities": [ "diabetes mellitus", "schizophrenia", "diabetes" ] }, { "id": "944", "type": "disease", "text": "DESIGN : A cross - sectional design in stable , treated patients with schizophrenia evaluated using a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and the Bergman minimal model analysis .", "entities": [ "schizophrenia" ] }, { "id": "947", "type": "disease", "text": "Thirty - six nonobese subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder , matched by body mass index and treated with either clozapine , olanzapine , or risperidone , were included in the analysis .", "entities": [ "schizophrenia", "schizoaffective disorder" ] }, { "id": "948", "type": "disease", "text": "MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Fasting plasma glucose and fasting serum insulin levels , insulin sensitivity index , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance , and glucose effectiveness .", "entities": [ "insulin sensitivity", "insulin resistance" ] }, { "id": "951", "type": "disease", "text": "There was a significant difference in insulin sensitivity index among groups ( F ( 33 ) = 10 . 66 ; P < . 001 ) ( clozapine < olanzapine < risperidone ) , with subjects who received clozapine and olanzapine exhibiting significant insulin resistance compared with subjects who were treated with risperidone ( clozapine vs risperidone , t ( 33 ) = - 4 . 29 ; P < . 001 ; olanzapine vs risperidone , t ( 33 ) = - 3 . 62 ; P = . 001 [ P < . 001 ] ) .", "entities": [ "insulin sensitivity", "insulin resistance" ] }, { "id": "952", "type": "disease", "text": "The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance also differed significantly among groups ( F ( 33 ) = 4 . 92 ; P = . 01 ) ( clozapine > olanzapine > risperidone ) ( clozapine vs risperidone , t ( 33 ) = 2 . 94 ; P = . 006 ; olanzapine vs risperidone , t ( 33 ) = 2 . 42 ; P = . 02 ) .", "entities": [ "insulin resistance" ] }, { "id": "954", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Both nonobese clozapine - and olanzapine - treated groups displayed significant insulin resistance and impairment of glucose effectiveness compared with risperidone - treated subjects .", "entities": [ "insulin resistance" ] }, { "id": "955", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients taking clozapine and olanzapine must be examined for insulin resistance and its consequences .", "entities": [ "insulin resistance" ] }, { "id": "956", "type": "disease", "text": "Thoracic hematomyelia secondary to coumadin anticoagulant therapy : a case report .", "entities": [ "Thoracic hematomyelia" ] }, { "id": "957", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of thoracic hematomyelia secondary to anticoagulant therapy is presented .", "entities": [ "thoracic hematomyelia" ] }, { "id": "960", "type": "disease", "text": "Mania associated with fluoxetine treatment in adolescents .", "entities": [ "Mania" ] }, { "id": "961", "type": "disease", "text": "Fluoxetine , a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor , is gaining increased acceptance in the treatment of adolescent depression .", "entities": [ "depression" ] }, { "id": "962", "type": "disease", "text": "Generally safe and well tolerated by adults , fluoxetine has been reported to induce mania .", "entities": [ "mania" ] }, { "id": "963", "type": "disease", "text": "The cases of five depressed adolescents , 14 - 16 years of age , who developed mania during pharmacotherapy with fluoxetine , are reported here .", "entities": [ "depressed", "mania" ] }, { "id": "964", "type": "disease", "text": "Apparent risk factors for the development of mania or hypomania during fluoxetine pharmacotherapy in this population were the combination of attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder and affective instability ; major depression with psychotic features ; a family history of affective disorder , especially bipolar disorder ; and a diagnosis of bipolar disorder .", "entities": [ "mania", "hypomania", "attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder", "depression", "psychotic", "affective disorder", "bipolar disorder", "bipolar disorder" ] }, { "id": "965", "type": "disease", "text": "Further study is needed to determine the optimal dosage and to identify risk factors that increase individual vulnerability to fluoxetine induced mania in adolescents .", "entities": [ "mania" ] }, { "id": "966", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute renal insufficiency after high - dose melphalan in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis during stem cell transplantation .", "entities": [ "Acute renal insufficiency", "primary systemic amyloidosis" ] }, { "id": "967", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Patients with primary systemic amyloidosis ( AL ) have a poor prognosis .", "entities": [ "primary systemic amyloidosis", "AL" ] }, { "id": "970", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors have noted the development of acute renal insufficiency immediately after melphalan conditioning .", "entities": [ "acute renal insufficiency" ] }, { "id": "972", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Consecutive AL patients who underwent PBSCT were studied retrospectively .", "entities": [ "AL" ] }, { "id": "973", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute renal insufficiency ( ARI ) after high - dose melphalan was defined by a minimum increase of 0 . 5 mg / dL ( 44 micromol / L ) in the serum creatinine level that is greater than 50 % of baseline immediately after conditioning .", "entities": [ "Acute renal insufficiency", "ARI" ] }, { "id": "975", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Of the 80 patients studied , ARI developed in 18 . 8 % of the patients after high - dose melphalan .", "entities": [ "ARI" ] }, { "id": "976", "type": "disease", "text": "Univariate analysis identified age , hypoalbuminemia , heavy proteinuria , diuretic use , and urine sediment score ( > 3 ) as risk factors .", "entities": [ "hypoalbuminemia", "proteinuria" ] }, { "id": "978", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients who had ARI after high - dose melphalan underwent dialysis more often ( P = 0 . 007 ) , and had a worse 1 - year survival ( P = 0 . 03 ) .", "entities": [ "ARI" ] }, { "id": "979", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : The timing of renal injury strongly suggests melphalan as the causative agent .", "entities": [ "renal injury" ] }, { "id": "980", "type": "disease", "text": "Ongoing tubular injury may be a prerequisite for renal injury by melphalan as evidenced by the active urinary sediment .", "entities": [ "tubular injury", "renal injury" ] }, { "id": "981", "type": "disease", "text": "Development of ARI adversely affected the outcome after PBSCT .", "entities": [ "ARI" ] }, { "id": "982", "type": "disease", "text": "Effective preventive measures may help decrease the treatment mortality of PBSCT in AL patients .", "entities": [ "AL" ] }, { "id": "983", "type": "disease", "text": "Focal cerebral ischemia in rats : effect of phenylephrine - induced hypertension during reperfusion .", "entities": [ "cerebral ischemia", "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "984", "type": "disease", "text": "After 180 min of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats , the effect of phenylephrine - induced hypertension on ischemic brain injury and blood - brain barrier permeability was determined .", "entities": [ "middle cerebral artery occlusion", "hypertensive", "hypertension", "ischemic brain injury" ] }, { "id": "985", "type": "disease", "text": "Blood pressure was manipulated by one of the following schedules during 120 min of reperfusion : Control , normotensive reperfusion ; 90 / hypertension ( 90 / HTN ) , blood pressure was increased by 35 mm Hg during the initial 90 min of reperfusion only ; 15 / hypertension ( 15 / HTN ) , normotensive reperfusion for 30 min followed by 15 min of hypertension and 75 min of normotension .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "HTN", "hypertension", "HTN", "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "986", "type": "disease", "text": "Part A , for eight rats in each group brain injury was evaluated by staining tissue using 2 , 3 , 5 - triphenyltetrazolium chloride and edema was evaluated by microgravimetry .", "entities": [ "brain injury", "edema" ] }, { "id": "988", "type": "disease", "text": "Brain injury ( percentage of the ischemic hemisphere ) was less in the 15 / HTN group ( 16 + / - 6 , mean + / - SD ) versus the 90 / HTN group ( 30 + / - 6 ) , which was in turn less than the control group ( 42 + / - 5 ) .", "entities": [ "Brain injury", "ischemic hemisphere", "HTN", "HTN" ] }, { "id": "989", "type": "disease", "text": "Specific gravity was greater in the 15 / HTN group ( 1 . 043 + / - 0 . 002 ) versus the 90 / HTN ( 1 . 036 + / - 0 . 003 ) and control ( 1 . 037 + / - 0 . 003 ) groups .", "entities": [ "HTN", "HTN" ] }, { "id": "990", "type": "disease", "text": "Evans Blue ( mug g - 1 of brain tissue ) was greater in the 90 / HTN group ( 24 . 4 + / - 6 . 0 ) versus the control group ( 12 . 3 + / - 4 . 1 ) , which was in turn greater than the 15 / HTN group ( 7 . 3 + / - 3 . 2 ) .", "entities": [ "HTN", "HTN" ] }, { "id": "991", "type": "disease", "text": "This study supports a hypothesis that during reperfusion , a short interval of hypertension decreases brain injury and edema ; and that sustained hypertension increases the risk of vasogenic edema .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "brain injury", "edema", "hypertension", "vasogenic edema" ] }, { "id": "992", "type": "disease", "text": "People aged over 75 in atrial fibrillation on warfarin : the rate of major hemorrhage and stroke in more than 500 patient - years of follow - up .", "entities": [ "atrial fibrillation", "hemorrhage", "stroke" ] }, { "id": "993", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : To determine the incidence of major hemorrhage and stroke in people aged 76 and older with atrial fibrillation on adjusted - dose warfarin who had been recently been admitted to hospital .", "entities": [ "hemorrhage", "stroke", "atrial fibrillation" ] }, { "id": "996", "type": "disease", "text": "PARTICIPANTS : Two hundred thirty - five patients aged 76 and older admitted to a major healthcare network between July 1 , 2001 , and June 30 , 2002 , with atrial fibrillation on warfarin were enrolled .", "entities": [ "atrial fibrillation" ] }, { "id": "997", "type": "disease", "text": "MEASUREMENTS : Information regarding major bleeding episodes , strokes , and warfarin use was obtained from patients , relatives , primary physicians , and medical records .", "entities": [ "bleeding", "strokes" ] }, { "id": "1000", "type": "disease", "text": "There were 53 major hemorrhages , for an annual rate of 10 . 0 % , including 24 ( 45 . 3 % ) life - threatening and five ( 9 . 4 % ) fatal bleeds .", "entities": [ "hemorrhages" ] }, { "id": "1001", "type": "disease", "text": "The annual stroke rate after initiation of warfarin was 2 . 6 % .", "entities": [ "stroke" ] }, { "id": "1002", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : The rate of major hemorrhage was high in this old , frail group , but excluding fatalities , resulted in no long - term sequelae , and the stroke rate on warfarin was low , demonstrating how effective warfarin treatment is .", "entities": [ "hemorrhage", "stroke" ] }, { "id": "1003", "type": "disease", "text": "Safety of celecoxib in patients with adverse skin reactions to acetaminophen ( paracetamol ) and nimesulide associated or not with common non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs .", "entities": [ "skin reactions" ] }, { "id": "1005", "type": "disease", "text": "The rate of adverse hypersensitivity reactions to these agents is generally low .", "entities": [ "hypersensitivity" ] }, { "id": "1008", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : We evaluated the tolerability of CE in a group of patients with documented history of adverse cutaneous reactions to P and N associated or not to classic NSAIDs .", "entities": [ "cutaneous reactions" ] }, { "id": "1009", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : We studied 9 patients with hypersensitivity to P and N with or without associated reactions to classic NSAIDs .", "entities": [ "hypersensitivity" ] }, { "id": "1010", "type": "disease", "text": "The diagnosis of P and N - induced skin reactions was based in vivo challenge .", "entities": [ "skin reactions" ] }, { "id": "1015", "type": "disease", "text": "The challenge was considered positive if one or more of the following appeared : erythema , rush or urticaria - angioedema .", "entities": [ "erythema", "urticaria", "angioedema" ] }, { "id": "1017", "type": "disease", "text": "Only one patient developed a moderate angioedema of the lips .", "entities": [ "angioedema" ] }, { "id": "1018", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Only one hypersensitivity reaction to CE was documented among 9 P and N - highly NSAIDs intolerant patients .", "entities": [ "hypersensitivity" ] }, { "id": "1020", "type": "disease", "text": "Case - control study of regular analgesic and nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory use and end - stage renal disease .", "entities": [ "end - stage renal disease" ] }, { "id": "1021", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Studies on the association between the long - term use of aspirin and other analgesic and nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) and end - stage renal disease ( ESRD ) have given conflicting results .", "entities": [ "end - stage renal disease", "ESRD" ] }, { "id": "1022", "type": "disease", "text": "In order to examine this association , a case - control study with incident cases of ESRD was carried out .", "entities": [ "ESRD" ] }, { "id": "1023", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : The cases were all patients entering the local dialysis program because of ESRD in the study area between June 1 , 1995 and November 30 , 1997 .", "entities": [ "ESRD" ] }, { "id": "1024", "type": "disease", "text": "They were classified according to the underlying disease , which had presumably led them to ESRD .", "entities": [ "ESRD" ] }, { "id": "1030", "type": "disease", "text": "The risk of ESRD associated with aspirin was related to the cumulated dose and duration of use , and it was particularly high among the subset of patients with vascular nephropathy as underlying disease [ 2 . 35 ( 1 . 17 - 4 . 72 ) ] .", "entities": [ "ESRD", "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "1031", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Our data indicate that long - term use of nonaspirin analgesic drugs and NSAIDs is not associated with an increased risk of ESRD .", "entities": [ "ESRD" ] }, { "id": "1032", "type": "disease", "text": "However , the chronic use of aspirin may increase the risk of ESRD .", "entities": [ "ESRD" ] }, { "id": "1033", "type": "disease", "text": "Two cases of amisulpride overdose : a cause for prolonged QT syndrome .", "entities": [ "overdose", "prolonged QT syndrome" ] }, { "id": "1034", "type": "disease", "text": "Two cases of deliberate self - poisoning with 5 g and 3 . 6 g of amisulpride , respectively , are reported .", "entities": [ "poisoning" ] }, { "id": "1035", "type": "disease", "text": "In both cases , QT prolongation and hypocalcaemia were noted .", "entities": [ "QT prolongation", "hypocalcaemia" ] }, { "id": "1036", "type": "disease", "text": "The QT prolongation appeared to respond to administration of i . v . calcium gluconate .", "entities": [ "QT prolongation" ] }, { "id": "1037", "type": "disease", "text": "Growth - associated protein 43 expression in hippocampal molecular layer of chronic epileptic rats treated with cycloheximide .", "entities": [ "epileptic" ] }, { "id": "1038", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : GAP43 has been thought to be linked with mossy fiber sprouting ( MFS ) in various experimental models of epilepsy .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "1039", "type": "disease", "text": "To investigate how GAP43 expression ( GAP43 - ir ) correlates with MFS , we assessed the intensity ( densitometry ) and extension ( width ) of GAP43 - ir in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus ( IML ) of rats subject to status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine ( Pilo ) , previously injected or not with cycloheximide ( CHX ) , which has been shown to inhibit MFS .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "1050", "type": "disease", "text": "Although some studies in experimental animals indicate clear pharmacological interactions between them , no studies have shown a specific interaction on anxiety responses .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "1051", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : The present study investigates the effects of nicotine on anxiety induced by caffeine and another anxiogenic drug , pentylenetetrazole , in mice .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "1052", "type": "disease", "text": "The elevated plus - maze ( EPM ) test was used to evaluate the effects of drugs on anxiety .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "1057", "type": "disease", "text": "Nicotine ( 0 . 25 mg / kg ) pretreatment blocked the caffeine - but not pentylenetetrazole - induced anxiety .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "1059", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that the antagonistic effect of nicotine on caffeine - induced anxiety is specific to caffeine , instead of a non - specific anxiolytic effect .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "1062", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Hormone therapy ( HT ) is widely used for controlling menopausal symptoms .", "entities": [ "menopausal symptoms" ] }, { "id": "1063", "type": "disease", "text": "It has also been used for the management and prevention of cardiovascular disease , osteoporosis and dementia in older women but the evidence supporting its use for these indications is largely observational .", "entities": [ "cardiovascular disease", "osteoporosis", "dementia" ] }, { "id": "1064", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : To assess the effect of long - term HT on mortality , heart disease , venous thromboembolism , stroke , transient ischaemic attacks , breast cancer , colorectal cancer , ovarian cancer , endometrial cancer , gallbladder disease , cognitive function , dementia , fractures and quality of life .", "entities": [ "heart disease", "venous thromboembolism", "stroke", "transient ischaemic attacks", "breast cancer", "colorectal cancer", "ovarian cancer", "endometrial cancer", "gallbladder disease", "dementia", "fractures" ] }, { "id": "1073", "type": "disease", "text": "In relatively healthy women , combined continuous HT significantly increased the risk of venous thromboembolism or coronary event ( after one year ' s use ) , stroke ( after 3 years ) , breast cancer ( after 5 years ) and gallbladder disease .", "entities": [ "venous thromboembolism", "stroke", "breast cancer", "gallbladder disease" ] }, { "id": "1074", "type": "disease", "text": "Long - term oestrogen - only HT also significantly increased the risk of stroke and gallbladder disease .", "entities": [ "stroke", "gallbladder disease" ] }, { "id": "1075", "type": "disease", "text": "Overall , the only statistically significant benefits of HT were a decreased incidence of fractures and colon cancer with long - term use .", "entities": [ "fractures", "colon cancer" ] }, { "id": "1076", "type": "disease", "text": "Among relatively healthy women over 65 years taking continuous combined HT , there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of dementia .", "entities": [ "dementia" ] }, { "id": "1077", "type": "disease", "text": "Among women with cardiovascular disease , long - term use of combined continuous HT significantly increased the risk of venous thromboembolism .", "entities": [ "cardiovascular disease", "venous thromboembolism" ] }, { "id": "1080", "type": "disease", "text": "The only significantly increased risk reported was for venous thromboembolism in women taking combined continuous HT ; their absolute risk remained very low .", "entities": [ "venous thromboembolism" ] }, { "id": "1081", "type": "disease", "text": "AUTHORS ' CONCLUSIONS : HT is not indicated for the routine management of chronic disease .", "entities": [ "chronic disease" ] }, { "id": "1083", "type": "disease", "text": "Drug - induced liver injury : an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10 - year period .", "entities": [ "Drug - induced liver injury" ] }, { "id": "1084", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND & AIMS : Progress in the understanding of susceptibility factors to drug - induced liver injury ( DILI ) and outcome predictability are hampered by the lack of systematic programs to detect bona fide cases .", "entities": [ "drug - induced liver injury", "DILI" ] }, { "id": "1085", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : A cooperative network was created in 1994 in Spain to identify all suspicions of DILI following a prospective structured report form .", "entities": [ "DILI" ] }, { "id": "1086", "type": "disease", "text": "The liver damage was characterized according to hepatocellular , cholestatic , and mixed laboratory criteria and to histologic criteria when available .", "entities": [ "liver damage", "cholestatic" ] }, { "id": "1088", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Since April 1994 to August 2004 , 461 out of 570 submitted cases , involving 505 drugs , were deemed to be related to DILI .", "entities": [ "DILI" ] }, { "id": "1091", "type": "disease", "text": "Indeed , the incidence of liver transplantation and death in this group was 11 . 7 % if patients had jaundice at presentation , whereas the corresponding figure was 3 . 8 % in nonjaundiced patients ( P < . 04 ) .", "entities": [ "jaundice" ] }, { "id": "1092", "type": "disease", "text": "Factors associated with the development of fulminant hepatic failure were female sex ( OR = 25 ; 95 % CI : 4 . 1 - 151 ; P < . 0001 ) , hepatocellular damage ( OR = 7 . 9 ; 95 % CI : 1 . 6 - 37 ; P < . 009 ) , and higher baseline plasma bilirubin value ( OR = 1 . 15 ; 95 % CI : 1 . 09 - 1 . 22 ; P < . 0001 ) .", "entities": [ "fulminant hepatic failure" ] }, { "id": "1093", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Patients with drug - induced hepatocellular jaundice have 11 . 7 % chance of progressing to death or transplantation .", "entities": [ "jaundice" ] }, { "id": "1094", "type": "disease", "text": "Amoxicillin - clavulanate stands out as the most common drug related to DILI .", "entities": [ "DILI" ] }, { "id": "1095", "type": "disease", "text": "Morphological evaluation of the effect of d - ribose on adriamycin - evoked cardiotoxicity in rats .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1096", "type": "disease", "text": "The influence of d - ribose on adriamycin - induced myocardiopathy in rats was studied .", "entities": [ "myocardiopathy" ] }, { "id": "1097", "type": "disease", "text": "Adriamycin in the cumulative dose of 25 mg / kg evoked fully developed cardiac toxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiac toxicity" ] }, { "id": "1098", "type": "disease", "text": "D - ribose in the multiple doses of 200 mg / kg did not influence ADR cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1099", "type": "disease", "text": "In vivo evidences suggesting the role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of vancomycin - induced nephrotoxicity : protection by erdosteine .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1100", "type": "disease", "text": "The aims of this study were to examine vancomycin ( VCM ) - induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and to investigate the role of erdosteine , an expectorant agent , which has also antioxidant properties , on kidney tissue against the possible VCM - induced renal impairment in rats .", "entities": [ "renal impairment" ] }, { "id": "1104", "type": "disease", "text": "VCM administration to control rats significantly increased renal malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and urinary N - acetyl - beta - d - glucosaminidase ( NAG , a marker of renal tubular injury ) excretion but decreased superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and catalase ( CAT ) activities .", "entities": [ "renal tubular injury" ] }, { "id": "1106", "type": "disease", "text": "Erdosteine showed histopathological protection against VCM - induced nephrotoxicity .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1107", "type": "disease", "text": "There were a significant dilatation of tubular lumens , extensive epithelial cell vacuolization , atrophy , desquamation , and necrosis in VCM - treated rats more than those of the control and the erdosteine groups .", "entities": [ "atrophy", "desquamation", "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "1109", "type": "disease", "text": "It is concluded that oxidative tubular damage plays an important role in the VCM - induced nephrotoxicity and the modulation of oxidative stress with erdosteine reduces the VCM - induced kidney damage both at the biochemical and histological levels .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity", "kidney damage" ] }, { "id": "1110", "type": "disease", "text": "Gemfibrozil - lovastatin therapy for primary hyperlipoproteinemias .", "entities": [ "hyperlipoproteinemias" ] }, { "id": "1111", "type": "disease", "text": "The specific aim of this retrospective , observational study was to assess safety and efficacy of long - term ( 21 months / patient ) , open - label , gemfibrozil - lovastatin treatment in 80 patients with primary mixed hyperlipidemia ( 68 % of whom had atherosclerotic vascular disease ) .", "entities": [ "hyperlipidemia", "atherosclerotic vascular disease" ] }, { "id": "1117", "type": "disease", "text": "Myositis , attributable to the drug combination and symptomatic enough to discontinue it , occurred in 3 % of patients , and in 1 % with concurrent high creatine phosphokinase ( 769 U / liter ) ; no patients had rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entities": [ "Myositis", "rhabdomyolysis", "myoglobinuria" ] }, { "id": "1118", "type": "disease", "text": "Does domperidone potentiate mirtazapine - associated restless legs syndrome ?", "entities": [ "restless legs syndrome" ] }, { "id": "1119", "type": "disease", "text": "There is now evidence to suggest a central role for the dopaminergic system in restless legs syndrome ( RLS ) .", "entities": [ "restless legs syndrome", "RLS" ] }, { "id": "1120", "type": "disease", "text": "For example , the symptoms of RLS can be dramatically improved by levodopa and dopamine agonists , whereas central dopamine D2 receptor antagonists can induce or aggravate RLS symptoms .", "entities": [ "RLS", "RLS" ] }, { "id": "1121", "type": "disease", "text": "To our knowledge , there is no previous report regarding whether domperidone , a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist , can also induce or aggravate symptoms of RLS .", "entities": [ "RLS" ] }, { "id": "1122", "type": "disease", "text": "Mirtazapine , the first noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant ( NaSSA ) , has been associated with RLS in several recent publications .", "entities": [ "RLS" ] }, { "id": "1123", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors report here a depressed patient comorbid with postprandial dyspepsia who developed RLS after mirtazapine had been added to his domperidone therapy .", "entities": [ "postprandial dyspepsia", "RLS" ] }, { "id": "1124", "type": "disease", "text": "Our patient started to have symptoms of RLS only after he had been treated with mirtazapine , and his RLS symptoms resolved completely upon discontinuation of his mirtazapine .", "entities": [ "RLS", "RLS" ] }, { "id": "1125", "type": "disease", "text": "Such a temporal relationship between the use of mirtazapine and the symptoms of RLS in our patient did not support a potentiating effect of domperione on mirtazapine - associated RLS .", "entities": [ "RLS", "RLS" ] }, { "id": "1126", "type": "disease", "text": "However , physicians should be aware of the possibility that mirtazapine can be associated with RLS in some individuals , especially those receiving concomitant dopamine D2 receptor antagonists .", "entities": [ "RLS" ] }, { "id": "1127", "type": "disease", "text": "Antiandrogenic therapy can cause coronary arterial disease .", "entities": [ "coronary arterial disease" ] }, { "id": "1128", "type": "disease", "text": "AIM : To study the change of lipid metabolism by antiandrogen therapy in patients with prostate cancer .", "entities": [ "prostate cancer" ] }, { "id": "1129", "type": "disease", "text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : We studied with a 2 . 5 years follow - up the changes in plasma cholesterols ( C ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , lipoproteins ( LP ) , and apolipoproteins ( Apo ) B - 100 , A - I , and A - II pro fi les in 24 patients of mean age 60 years with low risk prostate cancer ( stage : T1cN0M0 , Gleason score : 2 - 5 ) during treatment with cyproterone acetate ( CPA ) without surgical management or radiation therapy .", "entities": [ "prostate cancer" ] }, { "id": "1131", "type": "disease", "text": "After a period of 2 . 5 years on CPA treatment , four patients out of twenty - four were found to be affected by coronary heart disease .", "entities": [ "coronary heart disease" ] }, { "id": "1132", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Ischaemic coronary arteriosclerosis with an incidence rate of 16 . 6 % as caused by prolonged CPA therapy is mediated through changes in HDL cholesterol , Apo A - I and Apo A - II pro fi les , other than the well - known hyperglyceridemic effect caused by estrogen .", "entities": [ "coronary arteriosclerosis", "hyperglyceridemic effect" ] }, { "id": "1133", "type": "disease", "text": "5 - Fluorouracil cardiotoxicity induced by alpha - fluoro - beta - alanine .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1134", "type": "disease", "text": "Cardiotoxicity is a rare complication occurring during 5 - fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) treatment for malignancies .", "entities": [ "Cardiotoxicity", "malignancies" ] }, { "id": "1135", "type": "disease", "text": "We herein report the case of a 70 - year - old man with 5 - FU - induced cardiotoxicity , in whom a high serum level of alpha - fluoro - beta - alanine ( FBAL ) was observed .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1136", "type": "disease", "text": "The patient , who had unresectable colon cancer metastases to the liver and lung , was referred to us for chemotherapy from an affiliated hospital ; he had no cardiac history .", "entities": [ "colon cancer" ] }, { "id": "1137", "type": "disease", "text": "After admission , the patient received a continuous intravenous infusion of 5 - FU ( 1000 mg / day ) , during which precordial pain with right bundle branch block occurred concomitantly with a high serum FBAL concentration of 1955 ng / ml .", "entities": [ "precordial pain", "right bundle branch block" ] }, { "id": "1138", "type": "disease", "text": "Both the precordial pain and the electrocardiographic changes disappeared spontaneously after the discontinuation of 5 - FU .", "entities": [ "precordial pain" ] }, { "id": "1139", "type": "disease", "text": "As the precordial pain in this patient was considered to have been due to 5 - FU - induced cardiotoxicity , the administration of 5 - FU was abandoned .", "entities": [ "precordial pain", "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1142", "type": "disease", "text": "Thereafter , no cardiac symptoms were observed .", "entities": [ "cardiac symptoms" ] }, { "id": "1144", "type": "disease", "text": "The experience of this case , together with a review of the literature , suggests that FBAL is related to 5 - FU - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1145", "type": "disease", "text": "S - 1 may be administered safely to patients with 5 - FU - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1146", "type": "disease", "text": "Hepatocellular carcinoma in Fanconi ' s anemia treated with androgen and corticosteroid .", "entities": [ "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Fanconi ' s anemia" ] }, { "id": "1147", "type": "disease", "text": "The case of an 11 - year - old boy is reported who was known to have Fanconi ' s anemia for 3 years and was treated with androgens , corticosteroids and transfusions .", "entities": [ "Fanconi ' s anemia" ] }, { "id": "1148", "type": "disease", "text": "Two weeks before his death he was readmitted because of aplastic crisis with septicemia and marked abnormalities in liver function and died of hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia .", "entities": [ "septicemia", "hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia" ] }, { "id": "1149", "type": "disease", "text": "At autopsy peliosis and multiple hepatic tumors were found which histologically proved to be well - differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma .", "entities": [ "peliosis", "hepatic tumors", "hepatocellular carcinoma" ] }, { "id": "1150", "type": "disease", "text": "This case contributes to the previous observations that non - metastasizing hepatic neoplasms and peliosis can develop in patients with androgen - and corticosteroid - treated Fanconi ' s anemia .", "entities": [ "hepatic neoplasms", "peliosis", "Fanconi ' s anemia" ] }, { "id": "1151", "type": "disease", "text": "The influence of the time interval between monoHER and doxorubicin administration on the protection against doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity in mice .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1152", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : Despite its well - known cardiotoxicity , the anthracyclin doxorubicin ( DOX ) continues to be an effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agent .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1153", "type": "disease", "text": "DOX - induced cardiac damage presumably results from the formation of free radicals by DOX .", "entities": [ "cardiac damage" ] }, { "id": "1155", "type": "disease", "text": "The semisynthetic flavonoid monohydroxyethylrutoside ( monoHER ) showed cardioprotection against DOX - induced cardiotoxicity through its radical scavenging and iron chelating properties .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1160", "type": "disease", "text": "Their cardiac tissues were processed for light microscopy , after which cardiomyocyte damage was evaluated according to Billingham ( in Cancer Treat Rep 62 ( 6 ) : 865 - 872 , 1978 ) .", "entities": [ "cardiomyocyte damage", "Cancer" ] }, { "id": "1161", "type": "disease", "text": "Microscopic evaluation revealed that treatment with DOX alone induced significant cardiac damage in comparison to the saline control group ( P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entities": [ "cardiac damage" ] }, { "id": "1167", "type": "disease", "text": "Clinical evaluation of adverse effects during bepridil administration for atrial fibrillation and flutter .", "entities": [ "atrial fibrillation and flutter" ] }, { "id": "1168", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Bepridil hydrochloride ( Bpd ) has attracted attention as an effective drug for atrial fibrillation ( AF ) and atrial flutter ( AFL ) .", "entities": [ "atrial fibrillation", "AF", "atrial flutter", "AFL" ] }, { "id": "1169", "type": "disease", "text": "However , serious adverse effects , including torsade de pointes ( Tdp ) , have been reported .", "entities": [ "torsade de pointes", "Tdp" ] }, { "id": "1171", "type": "disease", "text": "Bpd was administered to 459 patients ( 361 males , 63 + / - 12 years old ) comprising 378 AF and 81 AFL cases .", "entities": [ "AF", "AFL" ] }, { "id": "1174", "type": "disease", "text": "There was marked QT prolongation greater than 0 . 55 s in 13 patients , bradycardia less than 40 beats / min in 6 patients , dizziness and general fatigue in 1 patient each .", "entities": [ "QT prolongation", "bradycardia", "dizziness", "fatigue" ] }, { "id": "1175", "type": "disease", "text": "In 4 of 13 patients with QT prolongation , Tdp occurred .", "entities": [ "QT prolongation", "Tdp" ] }, { "id": "1176", "type": "disease", "text": "The major triggering factors of Tdp were hypokalemia and sudden decrease in heart rate .", "entities": [ "Tdp", "hypokalemia" ] }, { "id": "1177", "type": "disease", "text": "There were no differences in the clinical backgrounds of the patients with and without Tdp other than LAD and age , which were larger and older in the patients with Tdp .", "entities": [ "Tdp", "Tdp" ] }, { "id": "1179", "type": "disease", "text": "Enhanced isoproterenol - induced cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic rats with low brain angiotensinogen .", "entities": [ "cardiac hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "1184", "type": "disease", "text": "LV hypertrophy induced by Iso treatment was significantly higher in TGR than in SD rats ( in g LV wt / 100 g body wt , 0 . 28 + / - 0 . 004 vs . 0 . 24 + / - 0 . 004 , respectively ) .", "entities": [ "LV hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "1185", "type": "disease", "text": "The greater LV hypertrophy in TGR rats was associated with more pronounced downregulation of beta - AR and upregulation of LV beta - AR kinase - 1 mRNA levels compared with those in SD rats .", "entities": [ "LV hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "1187", "type": "disease", "text": "These results indicate that TGR are more sensitive to beta - AR agonist - induced cardiac inotropic response and hypertrophy , possibly due to chronically low sympathetic outflow directed to the heart .", "entities": [ "cardiac inotropic", "hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "1188", "type": "disease", "text": "Drug - induced long QT syndrome in injection drug users receiving methadone : high frequency in hospitalized patients and risk factors .", "entities": [ "long QT syndrome" ] }, { "id": "1189", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Drug - induced long QT syndrome is a serious adverse drug reaction .", "entities": [ "long QT syndrome" ] }, { "id": "1191", "type": "disease", "text": "In the inpatient setting , the frequency of QT interval prolongation with methadone treatment , its dose dependence , and the importance of cofactors such as drug - drug interactions remain unknown .", "entities": [ "QT interval prolongation" ] }, { "id": "1194", "type": "disease", "text": "In addition to methadone dose , 15 demographic , biological , and pharmacological variables were considered as potential risk factors for QT prolongation .", "entities": [ "QT prolongation" ] }, { "id": "1196", "type": "disease", "text": "Six patients ( 3 . 6 % ) in the methadone group presented torsades de pointes .", "entities": [ "torsades de pointes" ] }, { "id": "1198", "type": "disease", "text": "Multivariate regression analysis allowed attribution of 31 . 8 % of QTc variability to methadone dose , cytochrome P - 450 3A4 drug - drug interactions , hypokalemia , and altered liver function .", "entities": [ "hypokalemia" ] }, { "id": "1199", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : QT interval prolongation in methadone maintenance patients hospitalized in a tertiary care center is a frequent finding .", "entities": [ "QT interval prolongation" ] }, { "id": "1200", "type": "disease", "text": "Methadone dose , presence of cytochrome P - 450 3A4 inhibitors , potassium level , and liver function contribute to QT prolongation .", "entities": [ "QT prolongation" ] }, { "id": "1201", "type": "disease", "text": "Long QT syndrome can occur with low doses of methadone .", "entities": [ "Long QT syndrome" ] }, { "id": "1202", "type": "disease", "text": "Mechanisms of hypertension induced by nitric oxide ( NO ) deficiency : focus on venous function .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1203", "type": "disease", "text": "Loss of endothelial cell - derived nitric oxide ( NO ) in hypertension is a hallmark of arterial dysfunction .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "arterial dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "1204", "type": "disease", "text": "Experimental hypertension created by the removal of NO , however , involves mechanisms in addition to decreased arterial vasodilator activity .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1206", "type": "disease", "text": "We hypothesized that increased venous smooth muscle ( venomotor ) tone plays a role in Nomega - nitro - L - arginine ( LNNA ) hypertension through these mechanisms .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1212", "type": "disease", "text": "Mean circulatory filling pressure , an in vivo measure of venomotor tone , was not elevated in LNNA hypertension at 1 or 2 weeks after LNNA .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1214", "type": "disease", "text": "Similarly , ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium caused a significantly greater fall in LNNA hypertensive rats ( 76 + / - 9 mm Hg ) compared with control rats ( 35 + / - 10 mm Hg ) .", "entities": [ "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "1216", "type": "disease", "text": "These data suggest that while NO deficiency increases oxidative stress and sympathetic activity in both arterial and venous vessels , the impact on veins does not make a major contribution to this form of hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1217", "type": "disease", "text": "Association of DRD2 polymorphisms and chlorpromazine - induced extrapyramidal syndrome in Chinese schizophrenic patients .", "entities": [ "extrapyramidal syndrome", "schizophrenic" ] }, { "id": "1218", "type": "disease", "text": "AIM : Extrapyramidal syndrome ( EPS ) is most commonly affected by typical antipsychotic drugs that have a high affinity with the D2 receptor .", "entities": [ "Extrapyramidal syndrome", "EPS" ] }, { "id": "1219", "type": "disease", "text": "Recently , many research groups have reported on the positive relationship between the genetic variations in the DRD2 gene and the therapeutic response in schizophrenia patients as a result of the role of variations in the receptor in modulating receptor expression .", "entities": [ "schizophrenia" ] }, { "id": "1220", "type": "disease", "text": "In this study , we evaluate the role DRD2 plays in chlorpromazine - induced EPS in schizophrenic patients .", "entities": [ "EPS", "schizophrenic" ] }, { "id": "1221", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : We identified seven SNP ( single nucleotide polymorphism ) ( - 141Cins > del , TaqIB , TaqID , Ser311Cys , rs6275 , rs6277 and TaqIA ) in the DRD2 gene in 146 schizophrenic inpatients ( 59 with EPS and 87 without EPS according to the Simpson - Angus Scale ) treated with chlorpromazine after 8 weeks .", "entities": [ "schizophrenic", "EPS", "EPS" ] }, { "id": "1225", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Our results did not lend strong support to the view that the genetic variation of the DRD2 gene plays a major role in the individually variable adverse effect induced by chlorpromazine , at least in Chinese patients with schizophrenia .", "entities": [ "schizophrenia" ] }, { "id": "1226", "type": "disease", "text": "Our results confirmed a previous study on the relationship between DRD2 and EPS in Caucasians .", "entities": [ "EPS" ] }, { "id": "1227", "type": "disease", "text": "Physical training decreases susceptibility to subsequent pilocarpine - induced seizures in the rat .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "1228", "type": "disease", "text": "Regular motor activity has many benefits for mental and physical condition but its implications for epilepsy are still controversial .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "1229", "type": "disease", "text": "In order to elucidate this problem , we have studied the effect of long - term physical activity on susceptibility to subsequent seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "1231", "type": "disease", "text": "Thereafter , seizures were induced by pilocarpine injections in trained and non - trained control groups .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "1232", "type": "disease", "text": "During the acute period of status epilepticus , we measured : ( 1 ) the latency of the first motor sign , ( 2 ) the intensity of seizures , ( 3 ) the time when it occurred within the 6 - h observation period , and ( 4 ) the time when the acute period ended .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "1233", "type": "disease", "text": "All these behavioral parameters showed statistically significant changes suggesting that regular physical exercises decrease susceptibility to subsequently induced seizures and ameliorate the course of experimentally induced status epilepticus .", "entities": [ "seizures", "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "1234", "type": "disease", "text": "Tonic dopaminergic stimulation impairs associative learning in healthy subjects .", "entities": [ "impairs associative learning" ] }, { "id": "1236", "type": "disease", "text": "Administration of the dopamine precursor levodopa enhances learning in healthy subjects and stroke patients .", "entities": [ "stroke" ] }, { "id": "1241", "type": "disease", "text": "The dopamine agonist significantly impaired novel word learning compared to placebo .", "entities": [ "impaired novel word learning" ] }, { "id": "1246", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus , phasic signaling seems to be the critical mechanism by which dopamine enhances associative learning in healthy subjects and stroke patients .", "entities": [ "stroke" ] }, { "id": "1247", "type": "disease", "text": "Minocycline - induced vasculitis fulfilling the criteria of polyarteritis nodosa .", "entities": [ "vasculitis", "polyarteritis nodosa" ] }, { "id": "1248", "type": "disease", "text": "A 47 - year - old man who had been taking minocycline for palmoplantar pustulosis developed fever , myalgias , polyneuropathy , and testicular pain , with elevated C - reactive protein ( CRP ) .", "entities": [ "palmoplantar pustulosis", "fever", "myalgias", "polyneuropathy", "testicular pain" ] }, { "id": "1250", "type": "disease", "text": "These manifestations met the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa .", "entities": [ "polyarteritis nodosa" ] }, { "id": "1252", "type": "disease", "text": "To our knowledge , this is the second case of minocycline - induced vasculitis satisfying the criteria .", "entities": [ "vasculitis" ] }, { "id": "1253", "type": "disease", "text": "Differential diagnosis for drug - induced disease is invaluable even for patients with classical polyarteritis nodosa .", "entities": [ "polyarteritis nodosa" ] }, { "id": "1254", "type": "disease", "text": "Intramuscular hepatitis B immune globulin combined with lamivudine in prevention of hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation .", "entities": [ "hepatitis B", "hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "1255", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Combined hepatitis B immune globulin ( HBIg ) and lamivudine in prophylaxis of the recurrence of hepatitis B after liver transplantation has significantly improved the survival of HBsAg positive patients .", "entities": [ "hepatitis B", "hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "1256", "type": "disease", "text": "This study was undertaken to evaluate the outcomes of liver transplantation for patients with hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) .", "entities": [ "hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "1257", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : A retrospective chart analysis and a review of the organ transplant database identified 51 patients ( 43 men and 8 women ) transplanted for benign HBV - related cirrhotic diseases between June 2002 and December 2004 who had survived more than 3 months .", "entities": [ "cirrhotic diseases" ] }, { "id": "1264", "type": "disease", "text": "Anticonvulsant effect of eslicarbazepine acetate ( BIA 2 - 093 ) on seizures induced by microperfusion of picrotoxin in the hippocampus of freely moving rats .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "1266", "type": "disease", "text": "We have studied the effects of oral treatment with eslicarbazepine acetate on a whole - animal model in which partial seizures can be elicited repeatedly on different days without changes in threshold or seizure patterns .", "entities": [ "seizures", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "1267", "type": "disease", "text": "In the animals treated with threshold doses of picrotoxin , the average number of seizures was 2 . 3 + / - 1 . 2 , and average seizure duration was 39 . 5 + / - 8 . 4s .", "entities": [ "seizures", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "1268", "type": "disease", "text": "Pre - treatment with a dose of 30 mg / kg 2h before picrotoxin microperfusion prevented seizures in the 75 % of the rats .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "1269", "type": "disease", "text": "Lower doses ( 3 and 10mg / kg ) did not suppress seizures , however , after administration of 10mg / kg , significant reductions in seizures duration ( 24 . 3 + / - 6 . 8s ) and seizure number ( 1 . 6 + / - 0 . 34 ) were found .", "entities": [ "seizures", "seizures", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "1271", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute renal failure associated with prolonged intake of slimming pills containing anthraquinones .", "entities": [ "Acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "1273", "type": "disease", "text": "Nephropathy caused by Chinese herbs has previously been reported , usually involving the use of aristolochic acids .", "entities": [ "Nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "1274", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a 23 - year - old woman who developed acute renal failure following prolonged use of a proprietary Chinese herbal slimming pill that contained anthraquinone derivatives , extracted from Rhizoma Rhei ( rhubarb ) .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "1275", "type": "disease", "text": "The renal injury was probably aggravated by the concomitant intake of a non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drug , diclofenac .", "entities": [ "renal injury" ] }, { "id": "1276", "type": "disease", "text": "Renal pathology was that of hypocellular interstitial fibrosis .", "entities": [ "fibrosis" ] }, { "id": "1277", "type": "disease", "text": "Spontaneous renal recovery occurred upon cessation of the slimming pills , but mild interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy was still evident histologically 4 months later .", "entities": [ "fibrosis", "atrophy" ] }, { "id": "1278", "type": "disease", "text": "Although a causal relationship between the use of an anthraquinone - containing herbal agent and renal injury remains to be proven , phytotherapy - associated interstitial nephropathy should be considered in patients who present with unexplained renal failure .", "entities": [ "renal injury", "nephropathy", "renal failure" ] }, { "id": "1279", "type": "disease", "text": "Chloroacetaldehyde as a sulfhydryl reagent : the role of critical thiol groups in ifosfamide nephropathy .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "1280", "type": "disease", "text": "Chloroacetaldehyde ( CAA ) is a metabolite of the alkylating agent ifosfamide ( IFO ) and putatively responsible for renal damage following anti - tumor therapy with IFO .", "entities": [ "renal damage", "tumor" ] }, { "id": "1283", "type": "disease", "text": "Toxicity of CAA was determined by protein content , cell number , LDH release , trypan blue exclusion assay and caspase - 3 activity .", "entities": [ "Toxicity" ] }, { "id": "1285", "type": "disease", "text": "CAA reduced hRPTEC cell number and protein , induced a loss in free intracellular thiols and an increase in necrosis markers .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "1290", "type": "disease", "text": "Acidification , which slowed the reaction of CAA with thiol donors , could also attenuate effects of CAA on necrosis markers , thiol depletion and cysteine protease inhibition in living cells .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "1291", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus , CAA directly reacts with cellular protein and non - protein thiols , mediating its toxicity on hRPTEC .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "1293", "type": "disease", "text": "Therefore , urinary acidification could be an option to prevent IFO nephropathy in patients .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "1294", "type": "disease", "text": "Stereological methods reveal the robust size and stability of ectopic hilar granule cells after pilocarpine - induced status epilepticus in the adult rat .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "1295", "type": "disease", "text": "Following status epilepticus in the rat , dentate granule cell neurogenesis increases greatly , and many of the new neurons appear to develop ectopically , in the hilar region of the hippocampal formation .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "1296", "type": "disease", "text": "It has been suggested that the ectopic hilar granule cells could contribute to the spontaneous seizures that ultimately develop after status epilepticus .", "entities": [ "seizures", "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "1298", "type": "disease", "text": "To quantify this population , the total number of ectopic hilar granule cells was estimated using unbiased stereology at different times after pilocarpine - induced status epilepticus .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "1300", "type": "disease", "text": "The results indicate that the size of the hilar ectopic granule cell population after status epilepticus is substantial , and stable over time .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "1301", "type": "disease", "text": "Interestingly , the size of the population appears to be correlated with the frequency of behavioral seizures , because animals with more ectopic granule cells in the hilus have more frequent behavioral seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "1303", "type": "disease", "text": "The results provide new insight into the potential role of ectopic hilar granule cells in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy .", "entities": [ "temporal lobe epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "1304", "type": "disease", "text": "A prospective , open - label trial of galantamine in autistic disorder .", "entities": [ "autistic disorder" ] }, { "id": "1305", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : Post - mortem studies have reported abnormalities of the cholinergic system in autism .", "entities": [ "autism" ] }, { "id": "1306", "type": "disease", "text": "The purpose of this study was to assess the use of galantamine , an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and nicotinic receptor modulator , in the treatment of interfering behaviors in children with autism .", "entities": [ "autism" ] }, { "id": "1307", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Thirteen medication - free children with autism ( mean age , 8 . 8 + / - 3 . 5 years ) participated in a 12 - week , open - label trial of galantamine .", "entities": [ "autism" ] }, { "id": "1309", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Patients showed a significant reduction in parent - rated irritability and social withdrawal on the ABC as well as significant improvements in emotional lability and inattention on the Conners ' Parent Rating Scale - - Revised .", "entities": [ "irritability" ] }, { "id": "1312", "type": "disease", "text": "Overall , galantamine was well - tolerated , with no significant adverse effects apart from headaches in one patient .", "entities": [ "headaches" ] }, { "id": "1313", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : In this open trial , galantamine was well - tolerated and appeared to be beneficial for the treatment of interfering behaviors in children with autism , particularly aggression , behavioral dyscontrol , and inattention .", "entities": [ "autism", "aggression", "behavioral dyscontrol", "inattention" ] }, { "id": "1315", "type": "disease", "text": "Randomized comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone for the treatment of first - episode schizophrenia : 4 - month outcomes .", "entities": [ "schizophrenia" ] }, { "id": "1316", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : The authors compared 4 - month treatment outcomes for olanzapine versus risperidone in patients with first - episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders .", "entities": [ "schizophrenia" ] }, { "id": "1317", "type": "disease", "text": "METHOD : One hundred twelve subjects ( 70 % male ; mean age = 23 . 3 years [ SD = 5 . 1 ] ) with first - episode schizophrenia ( 75 % ) , schizophreniform disorder ( 17 % ) , or schizoaffective disorder ( 8 % ) were randomly assigned to treatment with olanzapine ( 2 . 5 - 20 mg / day ) or risperidone ( 1 - 6 mg / day ) .", "entities": [ "schizophrenia", "schizophreniform disorder", "schizoaffective disorder" ] }, { "id": "1320", "type": "disease", "text": "Negative symptom outcomes and measures of parkinsonism and akathisia did not differ between medications .", "entities": [ "parkinsonism", "akathisia" ] }, { "id": "1321", "type": "disease", "text": "Extrapyramidal symptom severity scores were 1 . 4 ( 95 % CI = 1 . 2 - 1 . 6 ) with risperidone and 1 . 2 ( 95 % CI = 1 . 0 - 1 . 4 ) with olanzapine .", "entities": [ "Extrapyramidal symptom" ] }, { "id": "1322", "type": "disease", "text": "Significantly more weight gain occurred with olanzapine than with risperidone : the increase in weight at 4 months relative to baseline weight was 17 . 3 % ( 95 % CI = 14 . 2 % - 20 . 5 % ) with olanzapine and 11 . 3 % ( 95 % CI = 8 . 4 % - 14 . 3 % ) with risperidone .", "entities": [ "weight gain" ] }, { "id": "1326", "type": "disease", "text": "Both medications caused substantial rapid weight gain , but weight gain was greater with olanzapine .", "entities": [ "weight gain", "weight gain" ] }, { "id": "1327", "type": "disease", "text": "Early paracentral visual field loss in patients taking hydroxychloroquine .", "entities": [ "visual field loss" ] }, { "id": "1333", "type": "disease", "text": "Thirty - five patients ( 13 . 4 % ) had visual field abnormalities , which were attributed to hydroxychloroquine treatment in 4 patients ( 1 . 5 % ) .", "entities": [ "visual field abnormalities" ] }, { "id": "1335", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : The current study used a protocol of visual acuity and color vision assessment , funduscopy , and Humphrey 10 - 2 visual field testing and shows that visual field defects appeared before any corresponding changes in any other tested clinical parameters ; the defects were reproducible and the test parameters were reliable .", "entities": [ "visual field defects" ] }, { "id": "1338", "type": "disease", "text": "Peri - operative atrioventricular block as a result of chemotherapy with epirubicin and paclitaxel .", "entities": [ "atrioventricular block" ] }, { "id": "1339", "type": "disease", "text": "A 47 - year - old woman presented for mastectomy and immediate latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction having been diagnosed with carcinoma of the breast 6 months previously .", "entities": [ "carcinoma of the breast" ] }, { "id": "1342", "type": "disease", "text": "She was found to be bradycardic at pre - operative assessment but had no cardiac symptoms .", "entities": [ "bradycardic" ] }, { "id": "1343", "type": "disease", "text": "Second degree Mobitz type II atrioventricular block was diagnosed on electrocardiogram , and temporary transvenous ventricular pacing instituted in the peri - operative period .", "entities": [ "atrioventricular block" ] }, { "id": "1344", "type": "disease", "text": "We discuss how evidence - based guidelines would not have been helpful in this case , and how chemotherapy can exhibit substantial cardiotoxicity that may develop over many years .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1348", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : The risk of acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) with COX - 2 inhibitors may offset their gastrointestinal ( GI ) benefit compared with non - selective ( NS ) non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) .", "entities": [ "acute myocardial infarction", "AMI" ] }, { "id": "1349", "type": "disease", "text": "We aimed to compare the risks of hospitalization for AMI and GI bleeding among elderly patients using COX - 2 inhibitors , NS - NSAIDs and acetaminophen .", "entities": [ "AMI", "GI bleeding" ] }, { "id": "1354", "type": "disease", "text": "Among non - users of aspirin , the adjusted hazard ratios ( 95 % confidence interval ) of hospitalization for AMI / GI vs the acetaminophen ( with no aspirin ) group were : rofecoxib 1 . 27 ( 1 . 13 , 1 . 42 ) , celecoxib 0 . 93 ( 0 . 83 , 1 . 03 ) , naproxen 1 . 59 ( 1 . 31 , 1 . 93 ) , diclofenac 1 . 17 ( 0 . 99 , 1 . 38 ) and ibuprofen 1 . 05 ( 0 . 74 , 1 . 51 ) .", "entities": [ "AMI" ] }, { "id": "1356", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Among non - users of aspirin , naproxen seemed to carry the highest risk for AMI / GI bleeding .", "entities": [ "AMI", "GI bleeding" ] }, { "id": "1357", "type": "disease", "text": "The AMI / GI toxicity of celecoxib was similar to that of acetaminophen and seemed to be better than those of rofecoxib and NS - NSAIDs .", "entities": [ "AMI", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "1359", "type": "disease", "text": "Quinine - induced arrhythmia in a patient with severe malaria .", "entities": [ "arrhythmia", "severe malaria" ] }, { "id": "1360", "type": "disease", "text": "It was reported that there was a case of severe malaria patient with jaundice who presented with arrhythmia ( premature ventricular contraction ) while getting quinine infusion was reported .", "entities": [ "severe malaria", "jaundice", "arrhythmia", "premature ventricular contraction" ] }, { "id": "1361", "type": "disease", "text": "A man , 25 years old , was admitted to hospital with high fever , chill , vomiting , jaundice .", "entities": [ "fever", "chill", "vomiting", "jaundice" ] }, { "id": "1363", "type": "disease", "text": "On admission , laboratory examination showed Plasmodium falciparum ( + + + + ) , total bilirubin 8 . 25 mg / dL , conjugated bilirubin 4 . 36 mg / dL , unconjugated bilirubin 3 . 89 mg / dL , potassium 3 . 52 meq / L Patient was diagnosed as severe malaria with jaundice and got quinine infusion in dextrose 5 % 500 mg / 8 hour .", "entities": [ "severe malaria", "jaundice" ] }, { "id": "1364", "type": "disease", "text": "On the second day the patient had vomitus , diarrhea , tinnitus , loss of hearing .", "entities": [ "vomitus", "diarrhea", "tinnitus", "loss of hearing" ] }, { "id": "1365", "type": "disease", "text": "After 30 hours of quinine infusion the patient felt palpitation and electrocardiography ( ECG ) recording showed premature ventricular contraction ( PVC ) > 5 x / minute , trigemini , constant type - - sinoatrial block , positive U wave .", "entities": [ "palpitation", "premature ventricular contraction", "PVC", "sinoatrial block" ] }, { "id": "1368", "type": "disease", "text": "Three hours later the patient felt better , the frequency of PVC reduced to 4 - 5 x / minute and on the third day ECG was normal , potassium level was 3 . 34 meq / L .", "entities": [ "PVC" ] }, { "id": "1370", "type": "disease", "text": "Quinine , like quinidine , is a chincona alkaloid that has anti - arrhythmic property , although it also pro - arrhythmic that can cause various arrhythmias , including severe arrhythmia such as multiple PVC .", "entities": [ "arrhythmic", "arrhythmic", "arrhythmias", "arrhythmia", "PVC" ] }, { "id": "1371", "type": "disease", "text": "Administration of parenteral quinine must be done carefully and with good observation because of its pro - arrhythmic effect , especially in older patients who have heart diseases or patients with electrolyte disorder ( hypokalemia ) which frequently occurs due to vomiting and or diarrhea in malaria cases .", "entities": [ "arrhythmic", "heart diseases", "electrolyte disorder", "hypokalemia", "vomiting", "diarrhea", "malaria" ] }, { "id": "1372", "type": "disease", "text": "Penicillamine - related lichenoid dermatitis and utility of zinc acetate in a Wilson disease patient with hepatic presentation , anxiety and SPECT abnormalities .", "entities": [ "lichenoid dermatitis", "Wilson disease", "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "1373", "type": "disease", "text": "Wilson ' s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of hepatic copper metabolism with consequent copper accumulation and toxicity in many tissues and consequent hepatic , neurologic and psychiatric disorders .", "entities": [ "Wilson ' s disease", "toxicity", "hepatic , neurologic and psychiatric disorders" ] }, { "id": "1374", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case of Wilson ' s disease with chronic liver disease ; moreover , in our patient , presenting also with high levels of state anxiety without depression , 99mTc - ECD - SPECT showed cortical hypoperfusion in frontal lobes , more marked on the left frontal lobe .", "entities": [ "Wilson ' s disease", "chronic liver disease", "anxiety", "depression" ] }, { "id": "1375", "type": "disease", "text": "During the follow - up of our patient , penicillamine was interrupted after the appearance of a lichenoid dermatitis , and zinc acetate permitted to continue the successful treatment of the patient without side - effects .", "entities": [ "lichenoid dermatitis" ] }, { "id": "1376", "type": "disease", "text": "In our case the therapy with zinc acetate represented an effective treatment for a Wilson ' s disease patient in which penicillamine - related side effects appeared .", "entities": [ "Wilson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "1377", "type": "disease", "text": "The safety of the zinc acetate allowed us to avoid other potentially toxic chelating drugs ; this observation is in line with the growing evidence on the efficacy of the drug in the treatment of Wilson ' s disease .", "entities": [ "Wilson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "1378", "type": "disease", "text": "Since most of Wilson ' s disease penicillamine - treated patients do not seem to develop this skin lesion , it could be conceivable that a specific genetic factor is involved in drug response .", "entities": [ "Wilson ' s disease", "skin lesion" ] }, { "id": "1379", "type": "disease", "text": "Further studies are needed for a better clarification of Wilson ' s disease therapy , and in particular to differentiate specific therapies for different Wilson ' s disease phenotypes .", "entities": [ "Wilson ' s disease", "Wilson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "1380", "type": "disease", "text": "A dramatic drop in blood pressure following prehospital GTN administration .", "entities": [ "drop in blood pressure" ] }, { "id": "1381", "type": "disease", "text": "A male in his sixties with no history of cardiac chest pain awoke with chest pain following an afternoon sleep .", "entities": [ "chest pain", "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "1384", "type": "disease", "text": "Several minutes after the GTN the patient experienced a sudden drop in blood pressure and heart rate , this was rectified by atropine sulphate and a fluid challenge .", "entities": [ "drop in blood pressure" ] }, { "id": "1388", "type": "disease", "text": "Prehospital care providers who are managing any patient with a syncopal episode that fails to recover within a reasonable time frame should consider the Bezold - Jarisch reflex as the cause and manage the patient accordingly .", "entities": [ "syncopal episode" ] }, { "id": "1389", "type": "disease", "text": "Chronic lesion of rostral ventrolateral medulla in spontaneously hypertensive rats .", "entities": [ "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "1390", "type": "disease", "text": "We studied the effects of chronic selective neuronal lesion of rostral ventrolateral medulla on mean arterial pressure , heart rate , and neurogenic tone in conscious , unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats .", "entities": [ "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "1397", "type": "disease", "text": "The trimethaphan - induced hypotension was accompanied by a significant bradycardia in lesioned rats ( - 32 + / - 13 beats per minute ) but a tachycardia in sham rats ( + 33 + / - 12 beats per minute ) 1 day postlesion .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "bradycardia", "tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "1398", "type": "disease", "text": "Therefore , rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons appear to play a significant role in maintaining hypertension in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "1399", "type": "disease", "text": "Spinal or suprabulbar structures could be responsible for the gradual recovery of the hypertension in the lesioned rats .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1400", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute encephalopathy and cerebral vasospasm after multiagent chemotherapy including PEG - asparaginase and intrathecal cytarabine for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia .", "entities": [ "Acute encephalopathy", "cerebral vasospasm", "acute lymphoblastic leukemia" ] }, { "id": "1401", "type": "disease", "text": "A 7 - year - old girl with an unusual reaction to induction chemotherapy for precursor B - cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) is described .", "entities": [ "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "ALL" ] }, { "id": "1402", "type": "disease", "text": "The patient developed acute encephalopathy evidenced by behavioral changes , aphasia , incontinence , visual hallucinations , and right - sided weakness with diffuse cerebral vasospasm on magnetic resonance angiography after the administration of intrathecal cytarabine .", "entities": [ "acute encephalopathy", "aphasia", "incontinence", "visual hallucinations", "weakness", "cerebral vasospasm" ] }, { "id": "1405", "type": "disease", "text": "Comparison of valsartan / hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy at doses up to 320 / 25 mg versus monotherapy : a double - blind , placebo - controlled study followed by long - term combination therapy in hypertensive adults .", "entities": [ "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "1406", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : One third of patients treated for hypertension attain adequate blood pressure ( BP ) control , and multidrug regimens are often required .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1407", "type": "disease", "text": "Given the lifelong nature of hypertension , there is a need to evaluate the long - term efficacy and tolerability of higher doses of combination anti - hypertensive therapies .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "1408", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : This study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of valsartan ( VAL ) or hydrochlorothiazide ( HCTZ ) - monotherapy and higher - dose combinations in patients with essential hypertension .", "entities": [ "essential hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1410", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with essential hypertension ( mean sitting diastolic BP [ MSDBP ] , > or = 95 mm Hg and < 110 mm Hg ) were randomized to 1 of 8 treatment groups : VAL 160 or 320 mg ; HCTZ 12 . 5 or 25 mg ; VAL / HCTZ 160 / 12 . 5 , 320 / 12 . 5 , or 320 / 25 mg ; or placebo .", "entities": [ "essential hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1422", "type": "disease", "text": "The incidence of hypokalemia was lower with VAL / HCTZ combinations ( 1 . 8 % - 6 . 1 % ) than with HCTZ monotherapies ( 7 . 1 % - 13 . 3 % ) .", "entities": [ "hypokalemia" ] }, { "id": "1425", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : In this study population , combination therapies with VAL / HCTZ were associated with significantly greater BP reductions compared with either monotherapy , were well tolerated , and were associated with less hypokalemia than HCTZ alone .", "entities": [ "hypokalemia" ] }, { "id": "1426", "type": "disease", "text": "Succimer chelation improves learning , attention , and arousal regulation in lead - exposed rats but produces lasting cognitive impairment in the absence of lead exposure .", "entities": [ "cognitive impairment" ] }, { "id": "1429", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : The present study was designed to answer these questions , using a rodent model of early childhood Pb exposure and treatment with succimer , a widely used chelating agent for the treatment of Pb poisoning .", "entities": [ "Pb poisoning" ] }, { "id": "1430", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Pb exposure produced lasting impairments in learning , attention , inhibitory control , and arousal regulation , paralleling the areas of dysfunction seen in Pb - exposed children .", "entities": [ "impairments in learning , attention , inhibitory control , and arousal regulation" ] }, { "id": "1432", "type": "disease", "text": "In contrast , succimer treatment of rats not previously exposed to Pb produced lasting and pervasive cognitive and affective dysfunction comparable in magnitude to that produced by the higher Pb exposure regimen .", "entities": [ "cognitive and affective dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "1433", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : These are the first data , to our knowledge , to show that treatment with any chelating agent can alleviate cognitive deficits due to Pb exposure .", "entities": [ "cognitive deficits" ] }, { "id": "1436", "type": "disease", "text": "Caffeine challenge test in panic disorder and depression with panic attacks .", "entities": [ "panic disorder", "depression", "panic attacks" ] }, { "id": "1437", "type": "disease", "text": "Our aim was to observe if patients with panic disorder ( PD ) and patients with major depression with panic attacks ( MDP ) ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition criteria ) respond in a similar way to the induction of panic attacks by an oral caffeine challenge test .", "entities": [ "panic disorder", "PD", "major depression", "panic attacks", "MDP", "Mental Disorders", "panic attacks" ] }, { "id": "1438", "type": "disease", "text": "We randomly selected 29 patients with PD , 27 with MDP , 25 with major depression without panic attacks ( MD ) , and 28 healthy volunteers .", "entities": [ "PD", "MDP", "major depression", "panic attacks", "MD" ] }, { "id": "1440", "type": "disease", "text": "In a randomized double - blind experiment performed in 2 occasions 7 days apart , 480 mg caffeine and a caffeine - free ( placebo ) solution were administered in a coffee form and anxiety scales were applied before and after each test .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "1441", "type": "disease", "text": "A total of 58 . 6 % ( n = 17 ) of patients with PD , 44 . 4 % ( n = 12 ) of patients with MDP , 12 . 0 % ( n = 3 ) of patients with MD , and 7 . 1 % ( n = 2 ) of control subjects had a panic attack after the 480 - mg caffeine challenge test ( chi ( 2 ) ( 3 ) = 16 . 22 , P = . 001 ) .", "entities": [ "PD", "MDP", "MD", "panic attack" ] }, { "id": "1442", "type": "disease", "text": "The patients with PD and MDP were more sensitive to caffeine than were patients with MD and healthy volunteers .", "entities": [ "PD", "MDP", "MD" ] }, { "id": "1443", "type": "disease", "text": "No panic attack was observed after the caffeine - free solution intake .", "entities": [ "panic attack" ] }, { "id": "1444", "type": "disease", "text": "The patients with MD had a lower heart rate response to the test than all the other groups ( 2 - way analysis of variance , group by time interaction with Greenhouse - Geisser correction : F ( 3 , 762 ) = 2 . 85 , P = . 026 ) .", "entities": [ "MD" ] }, { "id": "1445", "type": "disease", "text": "Our data suggest that there is an association between panic attacks , no matter if associated with PD or MDP , and hyperreactivity to an oral caffeine challenge test .", "entities": [ "panic attacks", "PD", "MDP" ] }, { "id": "1446", "type": "disease", "text": "Mitral annuloplasty as a ventricular restoration method for the failing left ventricle : a pilot study .", "entities": [ "failing left ventricle" ] }, { "id": "1447", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY : Undersized mitral annuloplasty ( MAP ) is effective in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and functional mitral regurgitation ( MR ) since , as well as addressing the MR , the MAP may also reshape the dilated left ventricular ( LV ) base .", "entities": [ "dilated cardiomyopathy", "mitral regurgitation", "MR", "MR" ] }, { "id": "1448", "type": "disease", "text": "However , the direct benefits of this possible reshaping on LV function in the absence of underlying MR remain incompletely understood .", "entities": [ "MR" ] }, { "id": "1449", "type": "disease", "text": "The study aim was to identify these benefits in a canine model of acute heart failure .", "entities": [ "heart failure" ] }, { "id": "1453", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute heart failure was induced by propranolol and volume loading after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass ; an absence of MR was confirmed by echocardiography .", "entities": [ "heart failure", "MR" ] }, { "id": "1455", "type": "disease", "text": "Data were acquired at baseline , after induction of acute heart failure , and after MAP .", "entities": [ "heart failure" ] }, { "id": "1460", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : The data acquired suggest that isolated MAP may have certain benefits on LV dimension / function in acute heart failure , even in the absence of MR .", "entities": [ "heart failure", "MR" ] }, { "id": "1461", "type": "disease", "text": "However , further investigations are warranted in a model of chronic heart failure .", "entities": [ "heart failure" ] }, { "id": "1462", "type": "disease", "text": "Piperacillin / tazobactam - induced seizure rapidly reversed by high flux hemodialysis in a patient on peritoneal dialysis .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "1463", "type": "disease", "text": "Despite popular use of piperacillin , the dire neurotoxicity associated with piperacillin still goes unrecognized , leading to a delay in appropriate management .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1464", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a 57 - year - old woman with end - stage renal disease receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ( CAPD ) , who developed slurred speech , tremor , bizarre behavior , progressive mental confusion , and 2 episodes of generalized tonic - clonic seizure ( GTCS ) after 5 doses of piperacillin / tazobactam ( 2 g / 250 mg ) were given for bronchiectasis with secondary infection .", "entities": [ "end - stage renal disease", "tremor", "confusion", "tonic - clonic seizure", "GTCS", "bronchiectasis", "secondary infection" ] }, { "id": "1465", "type": "disease", "text": "The laboratory data revealed normal plasma electrolyte and ammonia levels but leukocytosis .", "entities": [ "leukocytosis" ] }, { "id": "1466", "type": "disease", "text": "Neurologic examinations showed dysarthria and bilateral Babinski sign .", "entities": [ "dysarthria" ] }, { "id": "1468", "type": "disease", "text": "Despite the use of antiepileptic agents , another GTCS episode recurred after the sixth dose of piperacillin / tazobactam .", "entities": [ "GTCS" ] }, { "id": "1469", "type": "disease", "text": "Brain magnetic resonance imaging did not demonstrate acute infarction and organic brain lesions .", "entities": [ "infarction", "organic brain lesions" ] }, { "id": "1471", "type": "disease", "text": "Piperacillin - induced encephalopathy should be considered in any uremic patients with unexplained neurological manifestations .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy", "uremic" ] }, { "id": "1472", "type": "disease", "text": "CAPD is inefficient in removing piperacillin , whereas hemodialysis can rapidly terminate the piperacillin - induced encephalopathy .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "1473", "type": "disease", "text": "Frequency of transient ipsilateral vocal cord paralysis in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy under local anesthesia .", "entities": [ "vocal cord paralysis" ] }, { "id": "1475", "type": "disease", "text": "Temporary ipsilateral vocal nerve palsies due to local anesthetics have been described , however .", "entities": [ "vocal nerve palsies" ] }, { "id": "1476", "type": "disease", "text": "Such complications are most important in situations where there is a pre - existing contralateral paralysis .", "entities": [ "paralysis" ] }, { "id": "1482", "type": "disease", "text": "Twelve patients ( 43 % ) were found to have intraoperative ipsilateral vocal cord paralysis .", "entities": [ "vocal cord paralysis" ] }, { "id": "1484", "type": "disease", "text": "There were no significant differences in operating time or volume or frequency of anesthetic administration in patients with temporary vocal cord paralysis compared with those without .", "entities": [ "vocal cord paralysis" ] }, { "id": "1485", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Local anesthesia led to temporary ipsilateral vocal cord paralysis in almost half of these patients .", "entities": [ "vocal cord paralysis" ] }, { "id": "1486", "type": "disease", "text": "Because pre - existing paralysis is of a relevant frequency ( up to 3 % ) , a preoperative evaluation of vocal cord function before carotid endarterectomy under local anesthesia is recommended to avoid intraoperative bilateral paralysis .", "entities": [ "paralysis", "paralysis" ] }, { "id": "1487", "type": "disease", "text": "In patients with preoperative contralateral vocal cord paralysis , surgery under general anesthesia should be considered .", "entities": [ "vocal cord paralysis" ] }, { "id": "1488", "type": "disease", "text": "Impaired fear recognition in regular recreational cocaine users .", "entities": [ "Impaired fear recognition" ] }, { "id": "1495", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : There were no group differences in psychopathology or \" eyes task \" performance , but the RC group , who otherwise had similar illicit substance use histories to the OC group , exhibited impaired fear recognition accuracy compared to the OC and CN groups .", "entities": [ "impaired fear recognition" ] }, { "id": "1498", "type": "disease", "text": "The selective deficit in fear recognition accuracy manifested by the RC group cannot be explained by the subacute effects of cocaine , or ecstasy , because recent and less recent users of these drugs within this group were similarly impaired .", "entities": [ "deficit in fear recognition" ] }, { "id": "1499", "type": "disease", "text": "Possible parallels between RC users and psychopaths with respect to impaired fear recognition , amygdala dysfunction , and etiology are discussed .", "entities": [ "psychopaths", "impaired fear recognition", "amygdala dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "1500", "type": "disease", "text": "Damage of substantia nigra pars reticulata during pilocarpine - induced status epilepticus in the rat : immunohistochemical study of neurons , astrocytes and serum - protein extravasation .", "entities": [ "Damage of substantia nigra pars reticulata", "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "1501", "type": "disease", "text": "The substantia nigra has a gating function controlling the spread of epileptic seizure activity .", "entities": [ "epileptic seizure" ] }, { "id": "1502", "type": "disease", "text": "Additionally , in models of prolonged status epilepticus the pars reticulata of substantia nigra ( SNR ) suffers from a massive lesion which may arise from a massive metabolic derangement and hyperexcitation developing in the activated SNR .", "entities": [ "prolonged status epilepticus", "metabolic derangement" ] }, { "id": "1503", "type": "disease", "text": "In this study , status epilepticus was induced by systemic injection of pilocarpine in rats .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "1505", "type": "disease", "text": "Animals surviving 20 , 30 , 40 , 60 min , 2 , 3 , 6 hours , 1 , 2 , and 3 days after induction of status epilepticus were perfusion - fixed , and brains processed for immunohistochemical staining of SNR .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "1506", "type": "disease", "text": "Nissl - staining and antibodies against the neuron - specific calcium - binding protein , parvalbumin , served to detect neuronal damage in SNR .", "entities": [ "neuronal damage" ] }, { "id": "1508", "type": "disease", "text": "Immunohistochemical staining for serum - albumin and immunoglobulins in brain tissue was taken as indicator of blood - brain barrier disturbances and vasogenic edema formation .", "entities": [ "vasogenic edema" ] }, { "id": "1509", "type": "disease", "text": "Immunohistochemical staining indicated loss of GFAP - staining already at 30 min after induction of seizures in an oval focus situated in the center of SNR while sparing medial and lateral aspects .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "1511", "type": "disease", "text": "By 2 hours , parvalbumin - staining changed in the central SNR indicating neuronal damage , and Nissl - staining visualized some neuronal distortion .", "entities": [ "neuronal damage" ] }, { "id": "1513", "type": "disease", "text": "By 6 h , vasogenic edema covered the lesioned SNR .", "entities": [ "vasogenic edema", "lesioned SNR" ] }, { "id": "1516", "type": "disease", "text": "In a further group of animals surviving 1 to 5 days , conventional paraffin - sections confirmed the neuronal and glial damage of SNR .", "entities": [ "damage of SNR" ] }, { "id": "1519", "type": "disease", "text": "Both cell elements may suffer in common from metabolic disturbance and neurotransmitter dysfunction as occur during massive status epilepticus .", "entities": [ "neurotransmitter dysfunction", "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "1520", "type": "disease", "text": "Neuroprotective effects of melatonin upon the offspring cerebellar cortex in the rat model of BCNU - induced cortical dysplasia .", "entities": [ "cortical dysplasia" ] }, { "id": "1521", "type": "disease", "text": "Cortical dysplasia is a malformation characterized by defects in proliferation , migration and maturation .", "entities": [ "Cortical dysplasia" ] }, { "id": "1522", "type": "disease", "text": "This study was designed to evaluate the alterations in offspring rat cerebellum induced by maternal exposure to carmustine - [ 1 , 3 - bis ( 2 - chloroethyl ) - 1 - nitrosoure ] ( BCNU ) and to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin upon cerebellar BCNU - induced cortical dysplasia , using histological and biochemical analyses .", "entities": [ "cortical dysplasia" ] }, { "id": "1526", "type": "disease", "text": "Histopathologically , typical findings were observed in the cerebella from the control groups , but the findings consistent with early embryonic development were noted in BCNU - exposed cortical dysplasia group .", "entities": [ "cortical dysplasia" ] }, { "id": "1530", "type": "disease", "text": "Reduced cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin given in the form of N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide conjugates : and experimental study in the rat .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1531", "type": "disease", "text": "A rat model was used to evaluate the general acute toxicity and the late cardiotoxicity of 4 mg / kg doxorubicin ( DOX ) given either as free drug or in the form of three N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide ( HPMA ) copolymer conjugates .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1536", "type": "disease", "text": "Throughout the study ( 20 weeks ) , deaths related to cardiotoxicity were observed only in animals that received either free DOX or the mixture of HPMA copolymer and free DOX ; in these cases , histological investigations revealed marked changes in the heart that were consistent with DOX - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity", "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1542", "type": "disease", "text": "Corneal ulcers associated with aerosolized crack cocaine use .", "entities": [ "Corneal ulcers" ] }, { "id": "1543", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : We report 4 cases of corneal ulcers associated with drug abuse .", "entities": [ "corneal ulcers", "drug abuse" ] }, { "id": "1544", "type": "disease", "text": "The pathogenesis of these ulcers and management of these patients are also reviewed .", "entities": [ "ulcers" ] }, { "id": "1545", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Review of all cases of corneal ulcers associated with drug abuse seen at our institution from July 2006 to December 2006 .", "entities": [ "corneal ulcers", "drug abuse" ] }, { "id": "1546", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Four patients with corneal ulcers associated with crack cocaine use were reviewed .", "entities": [ "corneal ulcers" ] }, { "id": "1547", "type": "disease", "text": "All corneal ulcers were cultured , and the patients were admitted to the hospital for intensive topical antibiotic treatment .", "entities": [ "corneal ulcers" ] }, { "id": "1548", "type": "disease", "text": "Each patient received comprehensive health care , including medical and substance abuse consultations .", "entities": [ "substance abuse" ] }, { "id": "1550", "type": "disease", "text": "The infections responded to antibiotic treatment .", "entities": [ "infections" ] }, { "id": "1551", "type": "disease", "text": "Two patients needed a lateral tarsorrhaphy for persistent epithelial defects .", "entities": [ "epithelial defects" ] }, { "id": "1552", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Aerosolized crack cocaine use can be associated with the development of corneal ulcers .", "entities": [ "corneal ulcers" ] }, { "id": "1553", "type": "disease", "text": "Drug abuse provides additional challenges for management .", "entities": [ "Drug abuse" ] }, { "id": "1554", "type": "disease", "text": "Not only treatment of their infections but also the overall poor health of the patients and increased risk of noncompliance need to be addressed .", "entities": [ "infections" ] }, { "id": "1555", "type": "disease", "text": "Comprehensive care may provide the patient the opportunity to discontinue their substance abuse , improve their overall health , and prevent future corneal complications .", "entities": [ "substance abuse" ] }, { "id": "1556", "type": "disease", "text": "Topical 0 . 025 % capsaicin in chronic post - herpetic neuralgia : efficacy , predictors of response and long - term course .", "entities": [ "post - herpetic neuralgia" ] }, { "id": "1557", "type": "disease", "text": "In order to evaluate the efficacy , time - course of action and predictors of response to topical capsaicin , 39 patients with chronic post - herpetic neuralgia ( PHN ) , median duration 24 months , were treated with 0 . 025 % capsaicin cream for 8 weeks .", "entities": [ "post - herpetic neuralgia", "PHN" ] }, { "id": "1558", "type": "disease", "text": "During therapy the patients rated their pain on a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) and a verbal outcome scale .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "1560", "type": "disease", "text": "Nineteen patients ( 48 . 7 % ) substantially improved after the 8 - week trial ; 5 ( 12 . 8 % ) discontinued therapy due to side - effects such as intolerable capsaicin - induced burning sensations ( 4 ) or mastitis ( 1 ) ; 15 ( 38 . 5 % ) reported no benefit .", "entities": [ "mastitis" ] }, { "id": "1563", "type": "disease", "text": "Treatment effect was not dependent on patient ' s age , duration or localization of PHN ( trigeminal involvement was excluded ) , sensory disturbance or pain character .", "entities": [ "PHN", "sensory disturbance", "pain" ] }, { "id": "1565", "type": "disease", "text": "If confirmed in controlled trials , the long - term results of this open , non - randomized study might indicate that the analgesic effect of capsaicin in PHN is mediated by both interference with neuropeptide metabolism and morphological changes ( perhaps degeneration ) of nociceptive afferents .", "entities": [ "PHN" ] }, { "id": "1570", "type": "disease", "text": "This study shows that MIP synthase inhibition does not replicate or augment the effects of lithium in the inositol sensitive pilocarpine - induced seizures model .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "1572", "type": "disease", "text": "Non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs - associated acute interstitial nephritis with granular tubular basement membrane deposits .", "entities": [ "interstitial nephritis" ] }, { "id": "1573", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute tubulo - interstitial nephritis ( ATIN ) is an important cause of acute renal failure resulting from a variety of insults , including immune complex - mediated tubulo - interstitial injury , but drugs such as non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) are a far more frequent cause .", "entities": [ "Acute tubulo - interstitial nephritis", "ATIN", "acute renal failure", "tubulo - interstitial injury" ] }, { "id": "1574", "type": "disease", "text": "Overall , as an entity , ATIN remains under - diagnosed , as symptoms resolve spontaneously if the medication is stopped .", "entities": [ "ATIN" ] }, { "id": "1575", "type": "disease", "text": "We report on a 14 - year - old boy who developed acute renal failure 2 weeks after aortic valve surgery .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "1576", "type": "disease", "text": "He was put on aspirin following surgery and took ibuprofen for fever for nearly a week prior to presentation .", "entities": [ "fever" ] }, { "id": "1579", "type": "disease", "text": "A kidney biopsy showed inflammatory infiltrate consistent with ATIN .", "entities": [ "ATIN" ] }, { "id": "1582", "type": "disease", "text": "His renal recovery and disappearance of proteinuria took a year .", "entities": [ "proteinuria" ] }, { "id": "1583", "type": "disease", "text": "In conclusion , this is a first report of NSAIDs - associated ATIN , showing deposits of granular immune complex present only in the TBM and not in the glomeruli .", "entities": [ "ATIN" ] }, { "id": "1584", "type": "disease", "text": "Rifampicin - associated segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis in staphylococcal endocarditis .", "entities": [ "glomerulonephritis", "staphylococcal endocarditis" ] }, { "id": "1585", "type": "disease", "text": "Segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis has been reported as complication of rifampicin therapy in patients receiving treatment for tuberculosis .", "entities": [ "glomerulonephritis", "tuberculosis" ] }, { "id": "1586", "type": "disease", "text": "Changing epidemiology of infections such as infective endocarditis ( IE ) has led to an increase in the use of rifampicin for Staphylococcal infections .", "entities": [ "infections", "infective endocarditis", "IE", "Staphylococcal infections" ] }, { "id": "1587", "type": "disease", "text": "We describe a case of a patient with Staphylococcal IE who developed acute renal failure secondary to a segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis while being treated with rifampicin , and review the literature regarding this complication of rifampicin therapy .", "entities": [ "Staphylococcal IE", "acute renal failure", "glomerulonephritis" ] }, { "id": "1588", "type": "disease", "text": "Rate of YMDD motif mutants in lamivudine - untreated Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection .", "entities": [ "chronic hepatitis B virus infection" ] }, { "id": "1589", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Lamivudine is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients .", "entities": [ "chronic hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "1590", "type": "disease", "text": "Recent studies show that the YMDD motif mutants ( resistant hepatitis B virus ) occur as natural genome variability in lamivudine - untreated chronic hepatitis B patients .", "entities": [ "hepatitis B", "chronic hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "1591", "type": "disease", "text": "In this study we aimed to determine the rate of YMDD motif mutants in lamivudine - untreated chronic hepatitis B patients in Iran .", "entities": [ "chronic hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "1592", "type": "disease", "text": "PATIENTS AND METHODS : A total of 77 chronic hepatitis B patients who had not been treated with lamivudine were included in the study .", "entities": [ "chronic hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "1600", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Although the natural occurrence of YMDD motif mutants in lamivudine - untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B has been reported , these mutants were not detected in Iranian lamivudine - untreated chronic hepatitis B patients .", "entities": [ "chronic hepatitis B", "chronic hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "1601", "type": "disease", "text": "Branch retinal vein occlusion and fluoxetine .", "entities": [ "retinal vein occlusion" ] }, { "id": "1602", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of branch retinal vein occlusion associated with fluoxetine - induced secondary hypertension is described .", "entities": [ "retinal vein occlusion", "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1603", "type": "disease", "text": "Although an infrequent complication of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy , it is important that ophthalmologists are aware that these agents can cause hypertension because this class of drugs is widely prescribed .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1604", "type": "disease", "text": "The differential effects of bupivacaine and lidocaine on prostaglandin E2 release , cyclooxygenase gene expression and pain in a clinical pain model .", "entities": [ "pain", "pain" ] }, { "id": "1605", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : In addition to blocking nociceptive input from surgical sites , long - acting local anesthetics might directly modulate inflammation .", "entities": [ "inflammation" ] }, { "id": "1606", "type": "disease", "text": "In the present study , we describe the proinflammatory effects of bupivacaine on local prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) production and cyclooxygenase ( COX ) gene expression that increases postoperative pain in human subjects .", "entities": [ "postoperative pain" ] }, { "id": "1610", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : The bupivacaine / rofecoxib group reported significantly less pain , as assessed by a visual analog scale , compared with the other three treatment groups over the first 4 h .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "1611", "type": "disease", "text": "However , the bupivacaine / placebo group reported significantly more pain at 24 h and PGE2 levels during the first 4 h were significantly higher than the other three treatment groups .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "1614", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that bupivacaine stimulates COX - 2 gene expression after tissue injury , which is associated with higher PGE2 production and pain after the local anesthetic effect dissipates .", "entities": [ "tissue injury", "pain" ] }, { "id": "1615", "type": "disease", "text": "p75NTR expression in rat urinary bladder sensory neurons and spinal cord with cyclophosphamide - induced cystitis .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "1617", "type": "disease", "text": "Previous studies have examined the expression and regulation of tyrosine kinase receptors ( Trks ) in micturition reflexes with urinary bladder inflammation .", "entities": [ "urinary bladder inflammation" ] }, { "id": "1618", "type": "disease", "text": "The present studies examine the expression and regulation of another receptor known to bind NGF , p75 ( NTR ) , after various durations of bladder inflammation induced by cyclophosphamide ( CYP ) .", "entities": [ "bladder inflammation" ] }, { "id": "1619", "type": "disease", "text": "CYP - induced cystitis increased ( P < or = 0 . 001 ) p75 ( NTR ) expression in the superficial lateral and medial dorsal horn in L1 - L2 and L6 - S1 spinal segments .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "1620", "type": "disease", "text": "The number of p75 ( NTR ) - immunoreactive ( - IR ) cells in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia ( DRG ) also increased ( P < or = 0 . 05 ) with CYP - induced cystitis ( acute , intermediate , and chronic ) .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "1621", "type": "disease", "text": "Quantitative , real - time polymerase chain reaction also demonstrated significant increases ( P < or = 0 . 01 ) in p75 ( NTR ) mRNA in DRG with intermediate and chronic CYP - induced cystitis .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "1623", "type": "disease", "text": "In bladder afferent cells in DRG , p75 ( NTR ) - IR was also increased ( P < or = 0 . 01 ) with cystitis .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "1626", "type": "disease", "text": "These studies demonstrate that p75 ( NTR ) expression in micturition reflexes is present constitutively and modified by bladder inflammation .", "entities": [ "bladder inflammation" ] }, { "id": "1630", "type": "disease", "text": "The side effects of azathioprine include anemia , which has been attributed to bone marrow suppression .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "1631", "type": "disease", "text": "Alternatively , anemia could result from accelerated suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis , which is characterized by exposure of phosphatidylserine ( PS ) at the erythrocyte surface and by cell shrinkage .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "1637", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Azathioprine triggers suicidal erythrocyte death , an effect presumably contributing to azathioprine - induced anemia .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "1638", "type": "disease", "text": "Levetiracetam as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with suspected idiopathic epilepsy .", "entities": [ "idiopathic epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "1639", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : To assess pharmacokinetics , efficacy , and tolerability of oral levetiracetam administered as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with poorly controlled suspected idiopathic epilepsy .", "entities": [ "idiopathic epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "1641", "type": "disease", "text": "ANIMALS : 12 cats suspected to have idiopathic epilepsy that was poorly controlled with phenobarbital or that had unacceptable adverse effects when treated with phenobarbital .", "entities": [ "idiopathic epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "1644", "type": "disease", "text": "Seizure frequencies before and after initiation of levetiracetam treatment were compared , and adverse effects were recorded .", "entities": [ "Seizure" ] }, { "id": "1646", "type": "disease", "text": "Median seizure frequency prior to treatment with levetiracetam ( 2 . 1 seizures / mo ) was significantly higher than median seizure frequency after initiation of levetiracetam treatment ( 0 . 42 seizures / mo ) , and 7 of 10 cats were classified as having responded to levetiracetam treatment ( ie , reduction in seizure frequency of > or = 50 % ) .", "entities": [ "seizure", "seizures", "seizure", "seizures", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "1647", "type": "disease", "text": "Two cats had transient lethargy and inappetence .", "entities": [ "lethargy", "inappetence" ] }, { "id": "1648", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE : Results suggested that levetiracetam is well tolerated in cats and may be useful as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with idiopathic epilepsy .", "entities": [ "idiopathic epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "1649", "type": "disease", "text": "Serotonin reuptake inhibitors , paranoia , and the ventral basal ganglia .", "entities": [ "paranoia" ] }, { "id": "1650", "type": "disease", "text": "Antidepressants have previously been associated with paranoid reactions in psychiatric patients .", "entities": [ "paranoid" ] }, { "id": "1651", "type": "disease", "text": "Five cases of paranoid exacerbation with the serotonin reuptake inhibitors fluoxetine and amitriptyline are reported here .", "entities": [ "paranoid" ] }, { "id": "1652", "type": "disease", "text": "Elements common to these cases included a history of paranoid symptomatology and the concomitant occurrence of depressive and psychotic symptoms .", "entities": [ "paranoid", "depressive and psychotic symptoms" ] }, { "id": "1653", "type": "disease", "text": "Complicated depressive disorders ( including atypicality of course and symptomatology , chronicity , psychosis , bipolarity , and secondary onset in the course of a primary psychosis ) may present particular vulnerability to paranoid exacerbations associated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors .", "entities": [ "depressive disorders", "psychosis", "psychosis", "paranoid" ] }, { "id": "1654", "type": "disease", "text": "Although the pharmacology and neurobiology of paranoia remain cryptic , several mechanisms , including 5HT3 receptor - mediated dopamine release , beta - noradrenergic receptor downregulation , or GABAB receptor upregulation acting in the vicinity of the ventral basal ganglia ( possibly in lateral orbitofrontal or anterior cingulate circuits ) , might apply to this phenomenon .", "entities": [ "paranoia" ] }, { "id": "1655", "type": "disease", "text": "These cases call attention to possible paranoid exacerbations with serotonin reuptake blockers in select patients and raise neurobiological considerations regarding paranoia .", "entities": [ "paranoid", "paranoia" ] }, { "id": "1657", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Spinal anaesthesia is widely employed in clinical practice but has the main drawback of post - spinal block hypotension .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "1664", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Three patients ( 8 . 1 % ) in the unilateral group and 5 ( 13 . 5 % ) in the conventional group developed hypotension , P = 0 . 71 .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "1665", "type": "disease", "text": "Four ( 10 . 8 % ) patients in the conventional group and 1 ( 2 . 7 % ) in the unilateral group , P = 0 . 17 required epinephrine infusion to treat hypotension .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "1670", "type": "disease", "text": "Spectrum of adverse events after generic HAART in southern Indian HIV - infected patients .", "entities": [ "HIV - infected" ] }, { "id": "1671", "type": "disease", "text": "To determine the incidence of clinically significant adverse events after long - term , fixed - dose , generic highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) use among HIV - infected individuals in South India , we examined the experiences of 3154 HIV - infected individuals who received a minimum of 3 months of generic HAART between February 1996 and December 2006 at a tertiary HIV care referral center in South India .", "entities": [ "HIV - infected", "HIV - infected" ] }, { "id": "1673", "type": "disease", "text": "The most common adverse events and median CD4 at time of event were rash ( 15 . 2 % ; CD4 , 285 cells / microL ) and peripheral neuropathy ( 9 . 0 % and 348 cells / microL ) .", "entities": [ "rash", "peripheral neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "1674", "type": "disease", "text": "Clinically significant anemia ( hemoglobin < 7 g / dL ) was observed in 5 . 4 % of patients ( CD4 , 165 cells / microL ) and hepatitis ( clinical jaundice with alanine aminotransferase > 5 times upper limits of normal ) in 3 . 5 % of patients ( CD4 , 260 cells / microL ) .", "entities": [ "anemia", "hepatitis", "jaundice" ] }, { "id": "1675", "type": "disease", "text": "Women were significantly more likely to experience lactic acidosis , while men were significantly more likely to experience immune reconstitution syndrome ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entities": [ "lactic acidosis", "immune reconstitution syndrome" ] }, { "id": "1676", "type": "disease", "text": "Among the patients with 1 year of follow - up , NVP therapy was significantly associated with developing rash and d4T therapy with developing peripheral neuropathy ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entities": [ "rash", "peripheral neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "1677", "type": "disease", "text": "Anemia and hepatitis often occur within 12 weeks of initiating generic HAART .", "entities": [ "Anemia", "hepatitis" ] }, { "id": "1678", "type": "disease", "text": "Frequent and early monitoring for these toxicities is warranted in developing countries where generic HAART is increasingly available .", "entities": [ "toxicities" ] }, { "id": "1679", "type": "disease", "text": "Thalidomide and sensory neurotoxicity : a neurophysiological study .", "entities": [ "sensory neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1680", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Recent studies confirmed a high incidence of sensory axonal neuropathy in patients treated with different doses of thalidomide .", "entities": [ "sensory axonal neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "1681", "type": "disease", "text": "The study ' s aims were to measure variations in sural nerve sensory action potential ( SAP ) amplitude in patients with refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus ( CLE ) treated with thalidomide and use these findings to identify the neurotoxic potential of thalidomide and the recovery capacity of sensory fibres after discontinuation of treatment .", "entities": [ "cutaneous lupus erythematosus", "CLE", "neurotoxic" ] }, { "id": "1682", "type": "disease", "text": "PATIENTS AND METHODS : Clinical and electrophysiological data in 12 female patients with CLE during treatment with thalidomide and up to 47 months after discontinuation of treatment were analysed .", "entities": [ "CLE" ] }, { "id": "1686", "type": "disease", "text": "Five patients complained of paresthesias and leg cramps .", "entities": [ "paresthesias", "cramps" ] }, { "id": "1689", "type": "disease", "text": "The threshold neurotoxic dosage is lower than previously reported .", "entities": [ "neurotoxic" ] }, { "id": "1691", "type": "disease", "text": "This electrophysiological parameter provides information about subclinical neurotoxic potential of thalidomide but is not helpful in predicting the appearance of sensory symptoms .", "entities": [ "neurotoxic" ] }, { "id": "1692", "type": "disease", "text": "Five cases of encephalitis during treatment of loiasis with diethylcarbamazine .", "entities": [ "encephalitis", "loiasis" ] }, { "id": "1693", "type": "disease", "text": "Five cases of encephalitis following treatment with diethylcarbamazine ( DEC ) were observed in Congolese patients with Loa loa filariasis .", "entities": [ "encephalitis", "filariasis" ] }, { "id": "1698", "type": "disease", "text": "The relationship between the occurrence of encephalitis and the decrease in microfilaremia is evident .", "entities": [ "encephalitis", "microfilaremia" ] }, { "id": "1700", "type": "disease", "text": "Amiodarone - related pulmonary mass and unique membranous glomerulonephritis in a patient with valvular heart disease : Diagnostic pitfall and new findings .", "entities": [ "pulmonary mass", "membranous glomerulonephritis", "valvular heart disease" ] }, { "id": "1701", "type": "disease", "text": "Amiodarone is an anti - arrhythmic drug for life - threatening tachycardia , but various adverse effects have been reported .", "entities": [ "arrhythmic", "tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "1702", "type": "disease", "text": "Reported herein is an autopsy case of valvular heart disease , in a patient who developed a lung mass ( 1 . 5 cm in diameter ) and proteinuria ( 2 . 76 g / day ) after treatment with amiodarone for a long time .", "entities": [ "valvular heart disease", "lung mass", "proteinuria" ] }, { "id": "1703", "type": "disease", "text": "The lung mass was highly suspected to be lung cancer on CT and positron emission tomography , but histologically the lesion was composed of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in alveolar walls and intra - alveolar accumulation of foamy macrophages containing characteristic myelinoid bodies , indicating that it was an amiodarone - related lesion .", "entities": [ "lung mass", "lung cancer" ] }, { "id": "1704", "type": "disease", "text": "In addition , the lung tissue had unevenly distributed hemosiderin deposition , and abnormally tortuous capillaries were seen in the mass and in heavily hemosiderotic lung portions outside the mass .", "entities": [ "hemosiderin", "hemosiderotic" ] }, { "id": "1706", "type": "disease", "text": "Autoimmune diseases , viral hepatitis , malignant neoplasms or other diseases with a known relationship to membranous glomerulonephritis were not found .", "entities": [ "Autoimmune diseases", "viral hepatitis", "neoplasms", "membranous glomerulonephritis" ] }, { "id": "1707", "type": "disease", "text": "The present case highlights the possibility that differential diagnosis between an amiodarone - related pulmonary lesion and a neoplasm can be very difficult radiologically , and suggests that membranous glomerulonephritis might be another possible complication of amiodarone treatment .", "entities": [ "pulmonary lesion", "neoplasm", "membranous glomerulonephritis" ] }, { "id": "1708", "type": "disease", "text": "Risk of coronary artery disease associated with initial sulphonylurea treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes : a matched case - control study .", "entities": [ "coronary artery disease", "type 2 diabetes" ] }, { "id": "1709", "type": "disease", "text": "AIMS : This study sought to assess the risk of developing coronary artery disease ( CAD ) associated with initial treatment of type 2 diabetes with different sulphonylureas .", "entities": [ "coronary artery disease", "CAD", "type 2 diabetes" ] }, { "id": "1710", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : In type 2 diabetic patients , cases who developed CAD were compared retrospectively with controls that did not .", "entities": [ "type 2 diabetic", "CAD" ] }, { "id": "1711", "type": "disease", "text": "The 20 - year risk of CAD at diagnosis of diabetes , using the UKPDS risk engine , was used to match cases with controls .", "entities": [ "CAD", "diabetes" ] }, { "id": "1712", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : The 76 cases of CAD were compared with 152 controls .", "entities": [ "CAD" ] }, { "id": "1713", "type": "disease", "text": "The hazard of developing CAD ( 95 % CI ) associated with initial treatment increased by 2 . 4 - fold ( 1 . 3 - 4 . 3 , P = 0 . 004 ) with glibenclamide ; 2 - fold ( 0 . 9 - 4 . 6 , P = 0 . 099 ) with glipizide ; 2 . 9 - fold ( 1 . 6 - 5 . 1 , P = 0 . 000 ) with either , and was unchanged with metformin .", "entities": [ "CAD" ] }, { "id": "1715", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Initiating treatment of type 2 diabetes with glibenclamide or glipizide is associated with increased risk of CAD in comparison to gliclazide or glimepiride .", "entities": [ "type 2 diabetes", "CAD" ] }, { "id": "1717", "type": "disease", "text": "Reduced progression of adriamycin nephropathy in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated by losartan .", "entities": [ "nephropathy", "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "1718", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : The aim of the study was to investigate the antihypertensive effects of angiotensin II type - 1 receptor blocker , losartan , and its potential in slowing down renal disease progression in spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) with adriamycin ( ADR ) nephropathy .", "entities": [ "renal disease", "hypertensive", "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "1725", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Short - term losartan treatment , besides antihypertensive effect , improved glomerular filtration rate and ameliorated glomerulosclerosis resulting in decreased proteinuria .", "entities": [ "glomerulosclerosis", "proteinuria" ] }, { "id": "1726", "type": "disease", "text": "Prolonged treatment with losartan showed further reduction of glomerulosclerosis associated with reduced progression of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis , thus preventing heavy proteinuria and chronic renal failure .", "entities": [ "glomerulosclerosis", "atrophy", "interstitial fibrosis", "proteinuria", "chronic renal failure" ] }, { "id": "1727", "type": "disease", "text": "Losartan reduced uraemia and increased urea clearance in advanced ADR nephropathy in SHR .", "entities": [ "uraemia", "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "1728", "type": "disease", "text": "Histological examination showed that losartan could prevent tubular atrophy , interstitial infiltration and fibrosis in ADR nephropathy .", "entities": [ "atrophy", "fibrosis", "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "1729", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Losartan reduces the rate of progression of ADR - induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis to end - stage renal disease in SHR .", "entities": [ "focal segmental glomerulosclerosis", "end - stage renal disease" ] }, { "id": "1736", "type": "disease", "text": "Postoperatively , a significantly higher incidence of seizures was found in Group T ( 4 . 6 % vs 1 . 2 % , P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "1738", "type": "disease", "text": "Persistent atrial fibrillation ( 7 . 9 % vs 2 . 3 % , P = 0 . 020 ) and renal failure ( 9 . 7 % vs 1 . 7 % , P = 0 . 002 ) were also more common in Group T , in the primary valve surgery subgroup .", "entities": [ "renal failure" ] }, { "id": "1739", "type": "disease", "text": "On the contrary , among primary coronary artery bypass surgery patients , there were more acute myocardial infarctions and renal dysfunction in Group A ( 5 . 8 % vs 2 . 0 % , P = 0 . 027 ; 22 . 5 % vs 15 . 2 % , P = 0 . 036 , respectively ) .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarctions", "renal dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "1743", "type": "disease", "text": "Delirium in an elderly woman possibly associated with administration of misoprostol .", "entities": [ "Delirium" ] }, { "id": "1744", "type": "disease", "text": "Misoprostol has been associated with adverse reactions , including gastrointestinal symptoms , gynecologic problems , and headache .", "entities": [ "headache" ] }, { "id": "1748", "type": "disease", "text": "Her delirium significantly improved after misoprostol was discontinued and her mental status returned to normal within a week .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "1749", "type": "disease", "text": "Because no other factors related to this patient changed significantly , the delirium experienced by this patient possibly resulted from misoprostol therapy .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "1750", "type": "disease", "text": "The biological properties of the optical isomers of propranolol and their effects on cardiac arrhythmias .", "entities": [ "cardiac arrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "1760", "type": "disease", "text": "Both isomers of propranolol were capable of preventing adrenaline - induced cardiac arrhythmias in cats anaesthetized with halothane , but the mean dose of ( - ) - propranolol was 0 . 09 + / - 0 . 02 mg / kg whereas that of ( + ) - propranolol was 4 . 2 + / - 1 . 2 mg / kg .", "entities": [ "cardiac arrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "1762", "type": "disease", "text": "Blockade of arrhythmias with both isomers was surmountable by increasing the dose of adrenaline . 7 .", "entities": [ "arrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "1763", "type": "disease", "text": "Both isomers of propranolol were also capable of reversing ventricular tachycardia caused by ouabain in anaesthetized cats and dogs .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "1766", "type": "disease", "text": "Topotecan in combination with radiotherapy in unresectable glioblastoma : a phase 2 study .", "entities": [ "glioblastoma" ] }, { "id": "1767", "type": "disease", "text": "Improving glioblastoma multiforme ( GBM ) treatment with radio - chemotherapy remains a challenge .", "entities": [ "glioblastoma multiforme", "GBM" ] }, { "id": "1768", "type": "disease", "text": "Topotecan is an attractive option as it exhibits growth inhibition of human glioma as well as brain penetration .", "entities": [ "glioma" ] }, { "id": "1769", "type": "disease", "text": "The present study assessed the combination of radiotherapy ( 60 Gy / 30 fractions / 40 days ) and topotecan ( 0 . 9 mg / m ( 2 ) / day on days 1 - 5 on weeks 1 , 3 and 5 ) in 50 adults with histologically proven and untreated GBM .", "entities": [ "GBM" ] }, { "id": "1770", "type": "disease", "text": "The incidence of non - hematological toxicities was low and grade 3 - 4 hematological toxicities were reported in 20 patients ( mainly lymphopenia and neutropenia ) .", "entities": [ "toxicities", "toxicities", "lymphopenia", "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "1774", "type": "disease", "text": "However , while response and stabilization concerned one - third of the patients , the study did not show increased benefits in terms of survival in patients with unresectable GBM .", "entities": [ "GBM" ] }, { "id": "1775", "type": "disease", "text": "Long - term lithium therapy leading to hyperparathyroidism : a case report .", "entities": [ "hyperparathyroidism" ] }, { "id": "1777", "type": "disease", "text": "We examined the case of a lithium - treated patient who had recurrent hypercalcemia to better understand the disease process .", "entities": [ "hypercalcemia" ] }, { "id": "1778", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare but potentially life - threatening side effect of long - term lithium therapy .", "entities": [ "Primary hyperparathyroidism" ] }, { "id": "1780", "type": "disease", "text": "PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS : As much as 15 % of lithium - treated patients become hypercalcemic .", "entities": [ "hypercalcemic" ] }, { "id": "1783", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : The purpose of this study was to compare surgical conditions , including the amount of intraoperative bleeding as well as intraoperative blood pressure , during functional endoscopic sinus surgery ( FESS ) using flexible reinforced laryngeal mask airway ( FRLMA ) versus endotracheal tube ( ETT ) in maintaining controlled hypotension anesthesia induced by propofol - remifentanil total i . v . anesthesia ( TIVA ) .", "entities": [ "bleeding", "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "1784", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Sixty normotensive American Society of Anesthesiologists I - II adult patients undergoing FESS under controlled hypotension anesthesia caused by propofol - remifentanil - TIVA were randomly assigned into two groups : group I , FRLMA ; group II , ETT .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "1785", "type": "disease", "text": "Hemorrhage was measured and the visibility of the operative field was evaluated according to a six - point scale .", "entities": [ "Hemorrhage" ] }, { "id": "1786", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Controlled hypotension was achieved within a shorter period using laryngeal mask using lower rates of remifentanil infusion and lower total dose of remifentanil .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "1787", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : In summary , our results indicate that airway management using FRLMA during controlled hypotension anesthesia provided better surgical conditions in terms of quality of operative field and blood loss and allowed for convenient induced hypotension with low doses of remifentanil during TIVA in patients undergoing FESS .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "1788", "type": "disease", "text": "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease during valproate therapy .", "entities": [ "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" ] }, { "id": "1789", "type": "disease", "text": "Valproic acid ( VPA ) is effective for the treatment of many types of epilepsy , but its use can be associated with an increase in body weight .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "1790", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) arising in a child who developed obesity during VPA treatment .", "entities": [ "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease", "NAFLD", "obesity" ] }, { "id": "1791", "type": "disease", "text": "Laboratory data revealed hyperinsulinemia with insulin resistance .", "entities": [ "hyperinsulinemia", "insulin resistance" ] }, { "id": "1792", "type": "disease", "text": "After the withdrawal of VPA therapy , our patient showed a significant weight loss , a decrease of body mass index , and normalization of metabolic and endocrine parameters ; moreover , ultrasound measurements showed a complete normalization .", "entities": [ "weight loss" ] }, { "id": "1793", "type": "disease", "text": "The present case suggests that obesity , hyperinsulinemia , insulin resistance , and long - term treatment with VPA may be all associated with the development of NAFLD ; this side effect is reversible after VPA withdrawal .", "entities": [ "obesity", "hyperinsulinemia", "insulin resistance", "NAFLD" ] }, { "id": "1794", "type": "disease", "text": "Carbimazole induced ANCA positive vasculitis .", "entities": [ "ANCA positive vasculitis" ] }, { "id": "1795", "type": "disease", "text": "Anti - thyroid drugs , like carbimazole and propylthiouracil ( PTU ) are commonly prescribed for the treatment of hyperthyroidism .", "entities": [ "hyperthyroidism" ] }, { "id": "1797", "type": "disease", "text": "Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( ANCA ) - - associated vasculitis is a potentially life - threatening adverse effect of antithyroidmedications .", "entities": [ "Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( ANCA ) - - associated vasculitis" ] }, { "id": "1798", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a patient with Graves ' disease who developed ANCA positive carbimazole induced vasculitis .", "entities": [ "Graves ' disease", "vasculitis" ] }, { "id": "1799", "type": "disease", "text": "The episode was characterized by a vasculitic skin rash associated with large joint arthritis , pyrexia and parotiditis but no renal or pulmonary involvement .", "entities": [ "skin rash", "arthritis", "pyrexia", "parotiditis" ] }, { "id": "1800", "type": "disease", "text": "He was referred to us for neurological evaluation because he had difficulty in getting up from squatting position and was suspected to have myositis .", "entities": [ "myositis" ] }, { "id": "1802", "type": "disease", "text": "To the best of our knowledge this is the first ANCA positive carbimazole induced vasculitis case reported from India .", "entities": [ "vasculitis" ] }, { "id": "1805", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are leading causes of death in the United States .", "entities": [ "Coronary heart disease", "cerebrovascular disease" ] }, { "id": "1807", "type": "disease", "text": "Preventive Services Task Force ( USPSTF ) strongly recommended that clinicians discuss aspirin with adults who are at increased risk for coronary heart disease .", "entities": [ "coronary heart disease" ] }, { "id": "1808", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : To determine the benefits and harms of taking aspirin for the primary prevention of myocardial infarctions , strokes , and death .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarctions", "strokes" ] }, { "id": "1810", "type": "disease", "text": "STUDY SELECTION : English - language randomized , controlled trials ( RCTs ) ; case - control studies ; meta - analyses ; and systematic reviews of aspirin versus control for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) were selected to answer the following questions : Does aspirin decrease coronary heart events , strokes , death from coronary heart events or stroke , or all - cause mortality in adults without known CVD ?", "entities": [ "cardiovascular disease", "CVD", "strokes", "stroke", "CVD" ] }, { "id": "1811", "type": "disease", "text": "Does aspirin increase gastrointestinal bleeding or hemorrhagic strokes ?", "entities": [ "gastrointestinal bleeding", "hemorrhagic strokes" ] }, { "id": "1813", "type": "disease", "text": "DATA SYNTHESIS : New evidence from 1 good - quality RCT , 1 good - quality meta - analysis , and 2 fair - quality subanalyses of RCTs demonstrates that aspirin use reduces the number of CVD events in patients without known CVD .", "entities": [ "CVD", "CVD" ] }, { "id": "1814", "type": "disease", "text": "Men in these studies experienced fewer myocardial infarctions and women experienced fewer ischemic strokes .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarctions", "strokes" ] }, { "id": "1815", "type": "disease", "text": "Aspirin does not seem to affect CVD mortality or all - cause mortality in either men or women .", "entities": [ "CVD" ] }, { "id": "1816", "type": "disease", "text": "The use of aspirin for primary prevention increases the risk for major bleeding events , primarily gastrointestinal bleeding events , in both men and women .", "entities": [ "bleeding", "gastrointestinal bleeding" ] }, { "id": "1817", "type": "disease", "text": "Men have an increased risk for hemorrhagic strokes with aspirin use .", "entities": [ "hemorrhagic strokes" ] }, { "id": "1818", "type": "disease", "text": "A new RCT and meta - analysis suggest that the risk for hemorrhagic strokes in women is not statistically significantly increased .", "entities": [ "hemorrhagic strokes" ] }, { "id": "1819", "type": "disease", "text": "LIMITATIONS : New evidence on aspirin for the primary prevention of CVD is limited .", "entities": [ "CVD" ] }, { "id": "1822", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Aspirin reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in men and strokes in women .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction", "strokes" ] }, { "id": "1823", "type": "disease", "text": "Aspirin use increases the risk for serious bleeding events .", "entities": [ "bleeding" ] }, { "id": "1824", "type": "disease", "text": "Reducing harm associated with anticoagulation : practical considerations of argatroban therapy in heparin - induced thrombocytopenia .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia" ] }, { "id": "1825", "type": "disease", "text": "Argatroban is a hepatically metabolized , direct thrombin inhibitor used for prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis in heparin - induced thrombocytopenia ( HIT ) and for patients with or at risk of HIT undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) .", "entities": [ "thrombosis", "thrombocytopenia", "HIT", "HIT" ] }, { "id": "1826", "type": "disease", "text": "The objective of this review is to summarize practical considerations of argatroban therapy in HIT .", "entities": [ "HIT" ] }, { "id": "1827", "type": "disease", "text": "The US FDA - recommended argatroban dose in HIT is 2 microg / kg / min ( reduced in patients with hepatic impairment and in paediatric patients ) , adjusted to achieve activated partial thromboplastin times ( aPTTs ) 1 . 5 - 3 times baseline ( not > 100 seconds ) .", "entities": [ "HIT", "hepatic impairment" ] }, { "id": "1828", "type": "disease", "text": "Contemporary experiences indicate that reduced doses are also needed in patients with conditions associated with hepatic hypoperfusion , e . g . heart failure , yet are unnecessary for renal dysfunction , adult age , sex , race / ethnicity or obesity .", "entities": [ "heart failure", "renal dysfunction", "obesity" ] }, { "id": "1831", "type": "disease", "text": "For PCI , argatroban has not been investigated in hepatically impaired patients ; dose adjustment is unnecessary for adult age , sex , race / ethnicity or obesity , and lesser doses may be adequate with concurrent glycoprotein IIb / IIIa inhibition .", "entities": [ "obesity" ] }, { "id": "1833", "type": "disease", "text": "Major bleeding with argatroban is 0 - 10 % in the non - interventional setting and 0 - 5 . 8 % periprocedurally .", "entities": [ "bleeding" ] }, { "id": "1835", "type": "disease", "text": "Improved familiarity of healthcare professionals with argatroban therapy in HIT , including in special populations and during PCI , may facilitate reduction of harm associated with HIT ( e . g . fewer thromboses ) or its treatment ( e . g . fewer argatroban medication errors ) .", "entities": [ "HIT", "HIT" ] }, { "id": "1836", "type": "disease", "text": "Rhabdomyolysis and brain ischemic stroke in a heroin - dependent male under methadone maintenance therapy .", "entities": [ "Rhabdomyolysis", "ischemic stroke" ] }, { "id": "1837", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : There are several complications associated with heroin abuse , some of which are life - threatening .", "entities": [ "heroin abuse" ] }, { "id": "1840", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : A 33 - year - old man presented with rhabdomyolysis and cerebral ischemic stroke after intravenous heroin .", "entities": [ "rhabdomyolysis", "ischemic stroke" ] }, { "id": "1842", "type": "disease", "text": "He was found unconsciousness at home and was sent to our hospital .", "entities": [ "unconsciousness" ] }, { "id": "1844", "type": "disease", "text": "In the ICU , we found rhabdomyolysis , acute renal failure and acute respiratory failure .", "entities": [ "rhabdomyolysis", "acute renal failure", "respiratory failure" ] }, { "id": "1845", "type": "disease", "text": "After transfer to an internal ward , we noted aphasia and weakness of his left limbs .", "entities": [ "aphasia", "weakness" ] }, { "id": "1846", "type": "disease", "text": "After MRI , we found cerebral ischemic infarction .", "entities": [ "cerebral ischemic infarction" ] }, { "id": "1847", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Those using methadone and heroin simultaneously may increase risk of rhabdomyolysis and ischemic stroke .", "entities": [ "rhabdomyolysis", "ischemic stroke" ] }, { "id": "1849", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypotheses of heroin - related rhabdomyolysis and stroke in heroin abusers are discussed .", "entities": [ "rhabdomyolysis", "stroke" ] }, { "id": "1850", "type": "disease", "text": "Increased vulnerability to 6 - hydroxydopamine lesion and reduced development of dyskinesias in mice lacking CB1 cannabinoid receptors .", "entities": [ "dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "1855", "type": "disease", "text": "Treatment with L - DOPA + benserazide ( 12 weeks ) resulted in less severe dyskinesias in CB1 KO than in WT mice .", "entities": [ "dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "1856", "type": "disease", "text": "The results revealed that the lack of cannabinoid CB1 receptors increased the severity of motor impairment and DA lesion , and reduced L - DOPA - induced dyskinesias .", "entities": [ "dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "1857", "type": "disease", "text": "These results suggest that activation of CB1 receptors offers neuroprotection against dopaminergic lesion and the development of L - DOPA - induced dyskinesias .", "entities": [ "dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "1858", "type": "disease", "text": "Hepatocellular oxidant stress following intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury .", "entities": [ "ischemia", "reperfusion injury" ] }, { "id": "1859", "type": "disease", "text": "Reperfusion of ischemic intestine results in acute liver dysfunction characterized by hepatocellular enzyme release into plasma , reduction in bile flow rate , and neutrophil sequestration within the liver .", "entities": [ "ischemic", "liver dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "1860", "type": "disease", "text": "The pathophysiology underlying this acute hepatic injury is unknown .", "entities": [ "hepatic injury" ] }, { "id": "1861", "type": "disease", "text": "This study was undertaken to determine whether oxidants are associated with the hepatic injury and to determine the relative value of several indirect methods of assessing oxidant exposure in vivo .", "entities": [ "hepatic injury" ] }, { "id": "1862", "type": "disease", "text": "Rats were subjected to a standardized intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury .", "entities": [ "ischemia", "reperfusion injury" ] }, { "id": "1864", "type": "disease", "text": "There was no change in hepatic tissue total glutathione following intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury .", "entities": [ "ischemia", "reperfusion injury" ] }, { "id": "1870", "type": "disease", "text": "Animal model of mania induced by ouabain : Evidence of oxidative stress in submitochondrial particles of the rat brain .", "entities": [ "mania" ] }, { "id": "1871", "type": "disease", "text": "The intracerebroventricular ( ICV ) administration of ouabain ( a Na ( + ) / K ( + ) - ATPase inhibitor ) in rats has been suggested to mimic some symptoms of human bipolar mania .", "entities": [ "bipolar mania" ] }, { "id": "1872", "type": "disease", "text": "Clinical studies have shown that bipolar disorder may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction .", "entities": [ "bipolar disorder", "mitochondrial dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "1876", "type": "disease", "text": "Our findings demonstrated that ouabain at 10 ( - 2 ) and 10 ( - 3 ) M induced hyperlocomotion in rats , and this response remained up to 7 days following a single ICV injection .", "entities": [ "hyperlocomotion" ] }, { "id": "1878", "type": "disease", "text": "In conclusion , ouabain - induced mania - like behavior may provide a useful animal model to test the hypothesis of the involvement of oxidative stress in bipolar disorder .", "entities": [ "mania", "bipolar disorder" ] }, { "id": "1880", "type": "disease", "text": "Liver transplantation for acutely ill patients with fulminant liver failure carries high intraoperative and immediate postoperative risks .", "entities": [ "fulminant liver failure" ] }, { "id": "1881", "type": "disease", "text": "These are increased with the presence of concomitant acute kidney injury ( AKI ) and intraoperative dialysis is sometimes required to allow the transplant to proceed .", "entities": [ "acute kidney injury", "AKI" ] }, { "id": "1882", "type": "disease", "text": "The derangements in the procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways during fulminant liver failure can lead to difficulties with anticoagulation during dialysis , especially when continued in the operating room .", "entities": [ "fulminant liver failure" ] }, { "id": "1883", "type": "disease", "text": "Systemic anticoagulation is unsafe and regional citrate anticoagulation in the absence of a functional liver carries the risk of citrate toxicity .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "1885", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case of a 40 - year - old female with acetaminophen - induced fulminant liver failure with associated AKI who underwent intraoperative dialytic support during liver transplantation anticoagulated with citrate dialysate during the entire procedure .", "entities": [ "fulminant liver failure", "AKI" ] }, { "id": "1886", "type": "disease", "text": "The patient tolerated the procedure well without any signs of citrate toxicity and maintained adequate anticoagulation for patency of the dialysis circuit .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "1887", "type": "disease", "text": "Citrate dialysate is a safe alternative for intradialytic support of liver transplantation in fulminant liver failure .", "entities": [ "fulminant liver failure" ] }, { "id": "1888", "type": "disease", "text": "Delirium in a patient with toxic flecainide plasma concentrations : the role of a pharmacokinetic drug interaction with paroxetine .", "entities": [ "Delirium" ] }, { "id": "1889", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : To describe a case of flecainide - induced delirium associated with a pharmacokinetic drug interaction with paroxetine .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "1890", "type": "disease", "text": "CASE SUMMARY : A 69 - year - old white female presented to the emergency department with a history of confusion and paranoia over the past several days .", "entities": [ "confusion", "paranoia" ] }, { "id": "1892", "type": "disease", "text": "Flecainide had been started 2 weeks prior for atrial fibrillation .", "entities": [ "atrial fibrillation" ] }, { "id": "1896", "type": "disease", "text": "Her delirium resolved 3 days later .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "1897", "type": "disease", "text": "DISCUSSION : Flecainide and pharmacologically similar agents that interact with sodium channels may cause delirium in susceptible patients .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "1898", "type": "disease", "text": "A MEDLINE search ( 1966 - January 2009 ) revealed one in vivo pharmacokinetic study on the interaction between flecainide , a CYP2D6 substrate , and paroxetine , a CYP2D6 inhibitor , as well as 3 case reports of flecainide - induced delirium .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "1899", "type": "disease", "text": "According to the Naranjo probability scale , flecainide was the probable cause of the patient ' s delirium ; the Horn Drug Interaction Probability Scale indicates a possible pharmacokinetic drug interaction between flecainide and paroxetine .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "1900", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Supratherapeutic flecainide plasma concentrations may cause delirium .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "1901", "type": "disease", "text": "Because toxicity may occur when flecainide is prescribed with paroxetine and other potent CYP2D6 inhibitors , flecainide plasma concentrations should be monitored closely with commencement of CYP2D6 inhibitors .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "1902", "type": "disease", "text": "Efficacy of everolimus ( RAD001 ) in patients with advanced NSCLC previously treated with chemotherapy alone or with chemotherapy and EGFR inhibitors .", "entities": [ "NSCLC" ] }, { "id": "1903", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Treatment options are scarce in pretreated advanced non - small - cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) patients .", "entities": [ "non - small - cell lung cancer", "NSCLC" ] }, { "id": "1904", "type": "disease", "text": "RAD001 , an oral inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) , has shown phase I efficacy in NSCLC .", "entities": [ "NSCLC" ] }, { "id": "1905", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Stage IIIb or IV NSCLC patients , with two or fewer prior chemotherapy regimens , one platinum based ( stratum 1 ) or both chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( stratum 2 ) , received RAD001 10 mg / day until progression or unacceptable toxicity .", "entities": [ "NSCLC", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "1907", "type": "disease", "text": "Analyses of markers associated with the mTOR pathway were carried out on archival tumor from a subgroup using immunohistochemistry ( IHC ) and direct mutation sequencing .", "entities": [ "tumor" ] }, { "id": "1912", "type": "disease", "text": "Common > or = grade 3 events were fatigue , dyspnea , stomatitis , anemia , and thrombocytopenia .", "entities": [ "fatigue", "dyspnea", "stomatitis", "anemia", "thrombocytopenia" ] }, { "id": "1913", "type": "disease", "text": "Pneumonitis , probably or possibly related , mainly grade 1 / 2 , occurred in 25 % .", "entities": [ "Pneumonitis" ] }, { "id": "1915", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : RAD001 10 mg / day was well tolerated , showing modest clinical activity in pretreated NSCLC .", "entities": [ "NSCLC" ] }, { "id": "1916", "type": "disease", "text": "Evaluation of RAD001 plus standard therapy for metastatic NSCLC continues .", "entities": [ "NSCLC" ] }, { "id": "1917", "type": "disease", "text": "Posttransplant anemia : the role of sirolimus .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "1918", "type": "disease", "text": "Posttransplant anemia is a common problem that may hinder patients ' quality of life .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "1920", "type": "disease", "text": "A variety of factors have been identified that increase the risk of posttransplant anemia , of which the level of renal function is most important .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "1921", "type": "disease", "text": "Sirolimus , a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor , has been implicated as playing a special role in posttransplant anemia .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "1922", "type": "disease", "text": "This review considers anemia associated with sirolimus , including its presentation , mechanisms , and management .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "1923", "type": "disease", "text": "Coronary computerized tomography angiography for rapid discharge of low - risk patients with cocaine - associated chest pain .", "entities": [ "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "1924", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Most patients presenting to emergency departments ( EDs ) with cocaine - associated chest pain are admitted for at least 12 hours and receive a \" rule out acute coronary syndrome \" protocol , often with noninvasive testing prior to discharge .", "entities": [ "chest pain", "acute coronary syndrome" ] }, { "id": "1926", "type": "disease", "text": "It is unclear whether a coronary CTA strategy would be efficacious in cocaine - associated chest pain , as coronary vasospasm may account for some of the ischemia .", "entities": [ "chest pain", "coronary vasospasm", "ischemia" ] }, { "id": "1927", "type": "disease", "text": "We studied whether a negative coronary CTA in patients with cocaine - associated chest pain could identify a subset safe for discharge .", "entities": [ "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "1928", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : We prospectively evaluated the safety of coronary CTA for low - risk patients who presented to the ED with cocaineassociated chest pain ( self - reported or positive urine test ) .", "entities": [ "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "1930", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with negative coronary CTA ( maximal stenosis less than 50 % ) were discharged .", "entities": [ "stenosis" ] }, { "id": "1931", "type": "disease", "text": "The main outcome was 30 - day cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "1932", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : A total of 59 patients with cocaine - associated chest pain were evaluated .", "entities": [ "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "1937", "type": "disease", "text": "Six patients had coronary stenosis > or = 50 % .", "entities": [ "coronary stenosis" ] }, { "id": "1938", "type": "disease", "text": "During the 30 - day follow - up period , no patients died of a cardiovascular event ( 0 % ; 95 % CI , 0 - 6 . 1 % ) and no patient sustained a nonfatal myocardial infarction ( 0 % ; 95 % CI , 0 - 6 . 1 % ) .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "1939", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Although cocaine - associated myocardial ischemia can result from coronary vasoconstriction , patients with cocaine associated chest pain , a non - ischemic ECG , and a TIMI risk score < 2 may be safely discharged from the ED after a negative coronary CTA with a low risk of 30 - day adverse events .", "entities": [ "myocardial ischemia", "chest pain", "ischemic" ] }, { "id": "1940", "type": "disease", "text": "Bilateral haemorrhagic infarction of the globus pallidus after cocaine and alcohol intoxication .", "entities": [ "haemorrhagic infarction of the globus pallidus" ] }, { "id": "1941", "type": "disease", "text": "Cocaine is a risk factor for both ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke .", "entities": [ "ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke" ] }, { "id": "1942", "type": "disease", "text": "We present the case of a 31 - year - old man with bilateral ischemia of the globus pallidus after excessive alcohol and intranasal cocaine use .", "entities": [ "ischemia of the globus pallidus" ] }, { "id": "1943", "type": "disease", "text": "Drug - related globus pallidus infarctions are most often associated with heroin .", "entities": [ "globus pallidus infarctions" ] }, { "id": "1944", "type": "disease", "text": "Bilateral basal ganglia infarcts after the use of cocaine , without concurrent heroin use , have never been reported .", "entities": [ "basal ganglia infarcts" ] }, { "id": "1945", "type": "disease", "text": "In our patient , transient cardiac arrhythmia or respiratory dysfunction related to cocaine and / or ethanol use were the most likely causes of cerebral hypoperfusion .", "entities": [ "cardiac arrhythmia", "respiratory dysfunction", "cerebral hypoperfusion" ] }, { "id": "1946", "type": "disease", "text": "Late fulminant posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after liver transplant .", "entities": [ "posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome" ] }, { "id": "1947", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : Posterior leukoencephalopathy due to calcineurin - inhibitor - related neurotoxicity is a rare but severe complication that results from treatment with immunosuppressive agents ( primarily those administered after a liver or kidney transplant ) .", "entities": [ "Posterior leukoencephalopathy", "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "1949", "type": "disease", "text": "CASE : We report the case of a 46 - year - old woman who received a liver transplant in our center as treatment for alcoholic cirrhosis and in whom either a fulminant course of posterior leukoencephalopathy or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome developed 110 days after transplant .", "entities": [ "alcoholic cirrhosis", "posterior leukoencephalopathy", "posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome" ] }, { "id": "1954", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after liver transplant is rare .", "entities": [ "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome" ] }, { "id": "1956", "type": "disease", "text": "Prolonged hypothermia as a bridge to recovery for cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension associated with fulminant hepatic failure .", "entities": [ "hypothermia", "cerebral edema", "intracranial hypertension", "fulminant hepatic failure" ] }, { "id": "1957", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : To review evidence - based treatment options in patients with cerebral edema complicating fulminant hepatic failure ( FHF ) and discuss the potential applications of hypothermia .", "entities": [ "cerebral edema", "fulminant hepatic failure", "FHF", "hypothermia" ] }, { "id": "1958", "type": "disease", "text": "METHOD : Case - based observations from a medical intensive care unit ( MICU ) in a tertiary care facility in a 27 - year - old female with FHF from acetaminophen and resultant cerebral edema .", "entities": [ "FHF", "cerebral edema" ] }, { "id": "1959", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Our patient was admitted to the MICU after being found unresponsive with presumed toxicity from acetaminophen which was ingested over a 2 - day period .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "1961", "type": "disease", "text": "Initial evaluation confirmed FHF from acetaminophen and cerebral edema .", "entities": [ "FHF", "cerebral edema" ] }, { "id": "1962", "type": "disease", "text": "The patient was treated with hyperosmolar therapy , hyperventilation , sedation , and chemical paralysis .", "entities": [ "hyperventilation", "paralysis" ] }, { "id": "1964", "type": "disease", "text": "We then initiated therapeutic hypothermia which was continued for 5 days .", "entities": [ "hypothermia" ] }, { "id": "1965", "type": "disease", "text": "At re - warming , patient had resolution of her cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension .", "entities": [ "cerebral edema", "intracranial hypertension" ] }, { "id": "1967", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : In patients with FHF and cerebral edema from acetaminophen overdose , prolonged therapeutic hypothermia could potentially be used as a life saving therapy and a bridge to hepatic and neurological recovery .", "entities": [ "FHF", "cerebral edema", "overdose", "hypothermia" ] }, { "id": "1968", "type": "disease", "text": "A clinical trial of hypothermia in patients with this condition is warranted .", "entities": [ "hypothermia" ] }, { "id": "1969", "type": "disease", "text": "Binasal visual field defects are not specific to vigabatrin .", "entities": [ "Binasal visual field defects" ] }, { "id": "1970", "type": "disease", "text": "This study investigated the visual defects associated with the antiepileptic drug vigabatrin ( VGB ) .", "entities": [ "visual defects" ] }, { "id": "1971", "type": "disease", "text": "Two hundred four people with epilepsy were grouped on the basis of antiepileptic drug therapy ( current , previous , or no exposure to VGB ) .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "1972", "type": "disease", "text": "Groups were matched with respect to age , gender , and seizure frequency .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "1976", "type": "disease", "text": "Bilateral visual field abnormalities are common in the treated epilepsy population , irrespective of drug history .", "entities": [ "Bilateral visual field abnormalities", "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "1977", "type": "disease", "text": "Assessment by conventional static perimetry may neither be sufficiently sensitive nor specific to reliably identify retinal toxicity associated with VGB .", "entities": [ "retinal toxicity" ] }, { "id": "1978", "type": "disease", "text": "Smoking of crack cocaine as a risk factor for HIV infection among people who use injection drugs .", "entities": [ "HIV infection" ] }, { "id": "1979", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Little is known about the possible role that smoking crack cocaine has on the incidence of HIV infection .", "entities": [ "HIV infection" ] }, { "id": "1980", "type": "disease", "text": "Given the increasing use of crack cocaine , we sought to examine whether use of this illicit drug has become a risk factor for HIV infection .", "entities": [ "HIV infection" ] }, { "id": "1982", "type": "disease", "text": "To determine whether the risk of HIV seroconversion among daily smokers of crack cocaine changed over time , we used Cox proportional hazards regression and divided the study into 3 periods : May 1 , 1996 - Nov .", "entities": [ "HIV seroconversion" ] }, { "id": "1989", "type": "disease", "text": "Of these , 137 acquired HIV infection during follow - up .", "entities": [ "HIV infection" ] }, { "id": "1991", "type": "disease", "text": "After adjusting for potential confounders , we found that the risk of HIV seroconversion among participants who were daily smokers of crack cocaine increased over time ( period 1 : hazard ratio [ HR ] 1 . 03 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0 . 57 - 1 . 85 ; period 2 : HR 1 . 68 , 95 % CI 1 . 01 - 2 . 80 ; and period 3 : HR 2 . 74 , 95 % CI 1 . 06 - 7 . 11 ) .", "entities": [ "HIV seroconversion" ] }, { "id": "1992", "type": "disease", "text": "INTERPRETATION : Smoking of crack cocaine was found to be an independent risk factor for HIV seroconversion among people who were injection drug users .", "entities": [ "HIV seroconversion" ] }, { "id": "1994", "type": "disease", "text": "Fluoxetine improves the memory deficits caused by the chemotherapy agent 5 - fluorouracil .", "entities": [ "memory deficits" ] }, { "id": "1995", "type": "disease", "text": "Cancer patients who have been treated with systemic adjuvant chemotherapy have described experiencing deteriorations in cognition .", "entities": [ "Cancer" ] }, { "id": "2007", "type": "disease", "text": "Liver - specific ablation of integrin - linked kinase in mice results in enhanced and prolonged cell proliferation and hepatomegaly after phenobarbital administration .", "entities": [ "hepatomegaly" ] }, { "id": "2020", "type": "disease", "text": "Decreased Expression of Na / K - ATPase , NHE3 , NBC1 , AQP1 and OAT in Gentamicin - induced Nephropathy .", "entities": [ "Nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2021", "type": "disease", "text": "The present study was aimed to determine whether there is an altered regulation of tubular transporters in gentamicin - induced nephropathy .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2029", "type": "disease", "text": "Gentamicin - induced nephropathy may at least in part be causally related with a decreased expression of Na ( + ) / K ( + ) - ATPase , NHE3 , NBC1 , AQP1 and OAT .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2030", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute renal failure after high - dose methotrexate therapy in a patient with ileostomy .", "entities": [ "Acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "2031", "type": "disease", "text": "High - dose methotrexate ( HD - MTX ) is an important treatment for Burkitt lymphoma , but can cause hepatic and renal toxicity when its clearance is delayed .", "entities": [ "Burkitt lymphoma", "hepatic and renal toxicity" ] }, { "id": "2032", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case of acute renal failure after HD - MTX therapy in a patient with ileostomy , The patient was a 3 - year - old boy who had received a living - related liver transplantation for congenital biliary atresia .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure", "biliary atresia" ] }, { "id": "2033", "type": "disease", "text": "At day 833 after the transplantation , he was diagnosed with PTLD ( post - transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder , Burkitt - type malignant lymphoma ) .", "entities": [ "PTLD", "post - transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder", "Burkitt - type malignant lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "2035", "type": "disease", "text": "Subsequent HD - MTX therapy caused acute renal failure that required continuous hemodialysis .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "2036", "type": "disease", "text": "We supposed that intravascular hypovolemia due to substantial drainage from the ileostoma caused acute prerenal failure .", "entities": [ "hypovolemia", "acute prerenal failure" ] }, { "id": "2038", "type": "disease", "text": "Longitudinal association of alcohol use with HIV disease progression and psychological health of women with HIV .", "entities": [ "HIV disease" ] }, { "id": "2039", "type": "disease", "text": "We evaluated the association of alcohol consumption and depression , and their effects on HIV disease progression among women with HIV .", "entities": [ "depression", "HIV disease" ] }, { "id": "2041", "type": "disease", "text": "The participants had physical examination , medical record extraction , and venipuncture , CD4 + T - cell counts determination , measurement of depression symptoms ( using the self - report Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale ) , and alcohol use assessment at enrollment , and semiannually until March 2000 .", "entities": [ "depression", "Depression" ] }, { "id": "2045", "type": "disease", "text": "The association between alcohol consumption and depression was significant ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entities": [ "depression" ] }, { "id": "2046", "type": "disease", "text": "Depression had a significant negative effect on CD4 + T - cell counts over time regardless of ART use .", "entities": [ "Depression" ] }, { "id": "2047", "type": "disease", "text": "Our findings suggest that alcohol consumption has a direct association with depression .", "entities": [ "depression" ] }, { "id": "2048", "type": "disease", "text": "Moreover , depression is associated with HIV disease progression .", "entities": [ "depression", "HIV disease" ] }, { "id": "2050", "type": "disease", "text": "Chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are increased in the hippocampus following pilocarpine - induced status epilepticus .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "2051", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Neuroinflammation occurs after seizures and is implicated in epileptogenesis .", "entities": [ "Neuroinflammation", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2052", "type": "disease", "text": "CCR2 is a chemokine receptor for CCL2 and their interaction mediates monocyte infiltration in the neuroinflammatory cascade triggered in different brain pathologies .", "entities": [ "neuroinflammatory" ] }, { "id": "2053", "type": "disease", "text": "In this work CCR2 and CCL2 expression were examined following status epilepticus ( SE ) induced by pilocarpine injection .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus", "SE" ] }, { "id": "2054", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : SE was induced by pilocarpine injection .", "entities": [ "SE" ] }, { "id": "2056", "type": "disease", "text": "Five days after SE , CCR2 staining in neurons and glial cells was examined using imunohistochemical analyses .", "entities": [ "SE" ] }, { "id": "2059", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Increased CCR2 was observed in the hippocampus after SE .", "entities": [ "SE" ] }, { "id": "2060", "type": "disease", "text": "Seizures also resulted in alterations to the cell types expressing CCR2 .", "entities": [ "Seizures" ] }, { "id": "2061", "type": "disease", "text": "Increased numbers of neurons that expressed CCR2 was observed following SE .", "entities": [ "SE" ] }, { "id": "2062", "type": "disease", "text": "Microglial cells were more closely apposed to the CCR2 - labeled cells in SE rats .", "entities": [ "SE" ] }, { "id": "2063", "type": "disease", "text": "In addition , rats that experienced SE exhibited CCR2 - labeling in populations of hypertrophied astrocytes , especially in CA1 and dentate gyrus .", "entities": [ "SE", "hypertrophied" ] }, { "id": "2065", "type": "disease", "text": "Examination of CCL2 expression showed that it was elevated in the hippocampus following SE .", "entities": [ "SE" ] }, { "id": "2066", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : The data show that CCR2 and CCL2 are up - regulated in the hippocampus after pilocarpine - induced SE .", "entities": [ "SE" ] }, { "id": "2067", "type": "disease", "text": "Seizures also result in changes to CCR2 receptor expression in neurons and astrocytes .", "entities": [ "Seizures" ] }, { "id": "2068", "type": "disease", "text": "These changes might be involved in detrimental neuroplasticity and neuroinflammatory changes that occur following seizures .", "entities": [ "neuroinflammatory", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2072", "type": "disease", "text": "The present study aimed to explore the effect of MT induction on carmustine ( BCNU ) - induced hippocampal cognitive dysfunction in rats .", "entities": [ "cognitive dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2077", "type": "disease", "text": "The obtained data revealed that BCNU administration resulted in deterioration of learning and short - term memory ( STM ) , as measured by using radial arm water maze , accompanied with decreased hippocampal glutathione reductase ( GR ) activity and reduced glutathione ( GSH ) content .", "entities": [ "deterioration of learning and short - term memory" ] }, { "id": "2078", "type": "disease", "text": "Also , BCNU administration increased serum tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNFalpha ) , hippocampal MT and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) contents as well as caspase - 3 activity in addition to histological alterations .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "2081", "type": "disease", "text": "In conclusion , MT induction halts BCNU - induced hippocampal toxicity as it prevented GR inhibition and GSH depletion and counteracted the increased levels of TNFalpha , MDA and caspase - 3 activity with subsequent preservation of cognition .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "2082", "type": "disease", "text": "Fatal carbamazepine induced fulminant eosinophilic ( hypersensitivity ) myocarditis : emphasis on anatomical and histological characteristics , mechanisms and genetics of drug hypersensitivity and differential diagnosis .", "entities": [ "fulminant eosinophilic", "hypersensitivity", "myocarditis", "drug hypersensitivity" ] }, { "id": "2084", "type": "disease", "text": "A frequently fatal , although exceptionally rare side effect of carbamazepine is necrotizing eosinophilic ( hypersensitivity ) myocarditis .", "entities": [ "hypersensitivity", "myocarditis" ] }, { "id": "2085", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case of hypersensitivity myocarditis secondary to administration of carbamazepine .", "entities": [ "myocarditis" ] }, { "id": "2086", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute hypersensitivity myocarditis was not suspected clinically , and the diagnosis was made post - mortem .", "entities": [ "myocarditis" ] }, { "id": "2088", "type": "disease", "text": "Clinically , death was due to cardiogenic shock .", "entities": [ "cardiogenic shock" ] }, { "id": "2089", "type": "disease", "text": "To best of our knowledge this is the second case of fatal carbamazepine induced myocarditis reported in English literature .", "entities": [ "myocarditis" ] }, { "id": "2090", "type": "disease", "text": "Neuropsychiatric behaviors in the MPTP marmoset model of Parkinson ' s disease .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "2091", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : Neuropsychiatric symptoms are increasingly recognised as a significant problem in patients with Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease", "PD" ] }, { "id": "2093", "type": "disease", "text": "The levodopa - treated MPTP - lesioned marmoset was used as a model of neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD patients .", "entities": [ "neuropsychiatric symptoms", "PD" ] }, { "id": "2094", "type": "disease", "text": "Here we compare the time course of levodopa - induced motor fluctuations and neuropsychiatric - like behaviors to determine the relationship between duration of treatment and onset of symptoms .", "entities": [ "neuropsychiatric - like behaviors" ] }, { "id": "2095", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Marmosets were administered 1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 - tetrahydropyridine ( 2 . 0 mg / kg s . c . ) for five days , resulting in stable parkinsonism .", "entities": [ "parkinsonism" ] }, { "id": "2098", "type": "disease", "text": "Animals were evaluated for parkinsonian disability , dyskinesia and on - time ( motor fluctuations ) and neuropsychiatric - like behaviors on Day 0 ( prior to levodopa ) and on Days 1 , 7 , 13 , 27 and 30 of treatment using post hoc DVD analysis by a trained rater , blind to the treatment day .", "entities": [ "parkinsonian disability", "dyskinesia", "neuropsychiatric - like behaviors" ] }, { "id": "2099", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : The neuropsychiatric - like behavior rating scale demonstrated high interrater reliability between three trained raters of differing professional backgrounds .", "entities": [ "neuropsychiatric - like behavior" ] }, { "id": "2100", "type": "disease", "text": "As anticipated , animals exhibited a progressive increase in levodopa - induced motor fluctuations , dyskinesia and wearing - off , that correlated with the duration of levodopa therapy .", "entities": [ "dyskinesia" ] }, { "id": "2101", "type": "disease", "text": "In contrast , levodopa - induced neuropsychiatric - like behaviors were present on Day 1 of levodopa treatment and their severity did not correlate with duration of treatment .", "entities": [ "neuropsychiatric - like behaviors" ] }, { "id": "2102", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : The data suggest that neuropsychiatric disorders in PD are more likely an interaction between levodopa and the disease state than a consequence of sensitisation to repeated dopaminergic therapy .", "entities": [ "neuropsychiatric disorders", "PD" ] }, { "id": "2103", "type": "disease", "text": "Contrast medium nephrotoxicity after renal artery and coronary angioplasty .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2104", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Renal dysfunction induced by iodinated contrast medium ( CM ) administration can minimize the benefit of the interventional procedure in patients undergoing renal angioplasty ( PTRA ) .", "entities": [ "Renal dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2105", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : To compare the susceptibility to nephrotoxic effect of CM in patients undergoing PTRA with that of patients submitted to percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxic" ] }, { "id": "2111", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : In this preliminary study patients submitted to PTRA showed a lower susceptibility to renal damage induced by CM administration than PCI patients .", "entities": [ "renal damage" ] }, { "id": "2112", "type": "disease", "text": "The effectiveness of PTRA on renal function seems to be barely influenced by CM toxicity .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "2122", "type": "disease", "text": "We conclude that an H1 antagonist may be useful in preventing hypotension caused by iv cimetidine , since the vasodilating activity of cimetidine is mediated , in part , through the H1 receptor .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "2123", "type": "disease", "text": "Medical and psychiatric outcomes for patients transplanted for acetaminophen - induced acute liver failure : a case - control study .", "entities": [ "acute liver failure" ] }, { "id": "2124", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Acetaminophen - induced hepatotoxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure ( ALF ) in the UK .", "entities": [ "hepatotoxicity", "acute liver failure", "ALF" ] }, { "id": "2126", "type": "disease", "text": "AIMS AND METHODS : We compared the severity of pretransplant illness , psychiatric co - morbidity , medical and psychosocial outcomes of all patients who had undergone liver transplantation ( LT ) emergently between 1999 - 2004 for acetaminophen - induced ALF ( n = 36 ) with age - and sex - matched patients undergoing emergent LT for non - acetaminophen - induced ALF ( n = 35 ) and elective LT for chronic liver disease ( CLD , n = 34 ) .", "entities": [ "ALF", "ALF", "chronic liver disease", "CLD" ] }, { "id": "2127", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Acetaminophen - induced ALF patients undergoing LT had a greater severity of pre - LT illness reflected by higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores and requirement for organ support compared with the other two groups .", "entities": [ "ALF" ] }, { "id": "2128", "type": "disease", "text": "Twenty ( 56 % ) acetaminophen - induced ALF patients had a formal psychiatric diagnosis before LT ( non - acetaminophen - induced ALF = 0 / 35 , CLD = 2 / 34 ; P < 0 . 01 for all ) and nine ( 25 % ) had a previous suicide attempt .", "entities": [ "ALF", "ALF", "CLD" ] }, { "id": "2129", "type": "disease", "text": "During follow - up ( median 5 years ) , there were no significant differences in rejection ( acute and chronic ) , graft failure or survival between the groups ( acetaminophen - induced ALF 1 year 87 % , 5 years 75 % ; non - acetaminophen - induced ALF 88 % , 78 % ; CLD 93 % , 82 % : P > 0 . 6 log rank ) .", "entities": [ "ALF", "ALF", "CLD" ] }, { "id": "2130", "type": "disease", "text": "Two acetaminophen - induced ALF patients reattempted suicide post - LT ( one died 8 years post - LT ) .", "entities": [ "ALF" ] }, { "id": "2131", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Despite a high prevalence of psychiatric disturbance , outcomes for patients transplanted emergently for acetaminophen - induced ALF were comparable to those transplanted for non - acetaminophen - induced ALF and electively for CLD .", "entities": [ "ALF", "ALF", "CLD" ] }, { "id": "2133", "type": "disease", "text": "Antithrombotic drug use , cerebral microbleeds , and intracerebral hemorrhage : a systematic review of published and unpublished studies .", "entities": [ "cerebral microbleeds", "intracerebral hemorrhage" ] }, { "id": "2134", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE : Cerebral microbleeds ( MB ) are potential risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) , but it is unclear if they are a contraindication to using antithrombotic drugs .", "entities": [ "Cerebral microbleeds", "MB", "intracerebral hemorrhage", "ICH" ] }, { "id": "2135", "type": "disease", "text": "Insights could be gained by pooling data on MB frequency stratified by antithrombotic use in cohorts with ICH and ischemic stroke ( IS ) / transient ischemic attack ( TIA ) .", "entities": [ "MB", "ICH", "ischemic stroke", "IS", "transient ischemic attack", "TIA" ] }, { "id": "2136", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : We performed a systematic review of published and unpublished data from cohorts with stroke or TIA to compare the presence of MB in : ( 1 ) antithrombotic users vs nonantithrombotic users with ICH ; ( 2 ) antithrombotic users vs nonusers with IS / TIA ; and ( 3 ) ICH vs ischemic events stratified by antithrombotic use .", "entities": [ "stroke", "TIA", "MB", "ICH", "IS", "TIA", "ICH", "ischemic" ] }, { "id": "2137", "type": "disease", "text": "We also analyzed published and unpublished follow - up data to determine the risk of ICH in antithrombotic users with MB .", "entities": [ "ICH", "MB" ] }, { "id": "2138", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : In a pooled analysis of 1460 ICH and 3817 IS / TIA , MB were more frequent in ICH vs IS / TIA in all treatment groups , but the excess increased from 2 . 8 ( odds ratio ; range , 2 . 3 - 3 . 5 ) in nonantithrombotic users to 5 . 7 ( range , 3 . 4 - 9 . 7 ) in antiplatelet users and 8 . 0 ( range , 3 . 5 - 17 . 8 ) in warfarin users ( P difference = 0 . 01 ) .", "entities": [ "ICH", "IS", "TIA", "MB", "ICH", "IS", "TIA" ] }, { "id": "2139", "type": "disease", "text": "There was also an excess of MB in warfarin users vs nonusers with ICH ( OR , 2 . 7 ; 95 % CI , 1 . 6 - 4 . 4 ; P < 0 . 001 ) but none in warfarin users with IS / TIA ( OR , 1 . 3 ; 95 % CI , 0 . 9 - 1 . 7 ; P = 0 . 33 ; P difference = 0 . 01 ) .", "entities": [ "MB", "ICH", "IS", "TIA" ] }, { "id": "2140", "type": "disease", "text": "There was a smaller excess of MB in antiplatelet users vs nonusers with ICH ( OR , 1 . 7 ; 95 % CI , 1 . 3 - 2 . 3 ; P < 0 . 001 ) , but findings were similar for antiplatelet users with IS / TIA ( OR , 1 . 4 ; 95 % CI , 1 . 2 - 1 . 7 ; P < 0 . 001 ; P difference = 0 . 25 ) .", "entities": [ "MB", "ICH", "IS", "TIA" ] }, { "id": "2141", "type": "disease", "text": "In pooled follow - up data for 768 antithrombotic users , presence of MB at baseline was associated with a substantially increased risk of subsequent ICH ( OR , 12 . 1 ; 95 % CI , 3 . 4 - 42 . 5 ; P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entities": [ "MB", "ICH" ] }, { "id": "2142", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : The excess of MB in warfarin users with ICH compared to other groups suggests that MB increase the risk of warfarin - associated ICH .", "entities": [ "MB", "ICH", "MB", "ICH" ] }, { "id": "2144", "type": "disease", "text": "Studies of synergy between morphine and a novel sodium channel blocker , CNSB002 , in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain .", "entities": [ "neuropathic pain" ] }, { "id": "2145", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : This study determined the antihyperalgesic effect of CNSB002 , a sodium channel blocker with antioxidant properties given alone and in combinations with morphine in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain .", "entities": [ "neuropathic pain" ] }, { "id": "2146", "type": "disease", "text": "DESIGN : Dose response curves for nonsedating doses of morphine and CNSB002 given intraperitoneally alone and together in combinations were constructed for antihyperalgesic effect using paw withdrawal from noxious heat in two rat pain models : carrageenan - induced paw inflammation and streptozotocin ( STZ ) - induced diabetic neuropathy .", "entities": [ "pain", "inflammation", "diabetic neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "2148", "type": "disease", "text": "The doses calculated to cause 50 % reversal of hyperalgesia ( ED50 ) were 7 . 54 ( 1 . 81 ) and 4 . 83 ( 1 . 54 ) in the carrageenan model and 44 . 18 ( 1 . 37 ) and 9 . 14 ( 1 . 24 ) in the STZ - induced neuropathy model for CNSB002 and morphine , respectively ( mg / kg ; mean , SEM ) .", "entities": [ "hyperalgesia", "neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "2150", "type": "disease", "text": "The ED50 values for morphine when given in combination with CNSB002 ( 5 mg / kg ) were less than the maximum nonsedating dose : 0 . 56 ( 1 . 55 ) in the carrageenan model and 1 . 37 ( 1 . 23 ) in the neuropathy model ( mg / kg ; mean , SEM ) .", "entities": [ "neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "2151", "type": "disease", "text": "The antinociception after morphine ( 3 . 2 mg / kg ) was increased by co - administration with CNSB002 from 28 . 0 and 31 . 7 % to 114 . 6 and 56 . 9 % reversal of hyperalgesia in the inflammatory and neuropathic models , respectively ( P < 0 . 01 ; one - way analysis of variance - significantly greater than either drug given alone ) .", "entities": [ "hyperalgesia", "neuropathic" ] }, { "id": "2153", "type": "disease", "text": "Heparin - induced thrombocytopenia : a practical review .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia" ] }, { "id": "2154", "type": "disease", "text": "Heparin - induced thrombocytopenia ( HIT ) remains under - recognized despite its potentially devastating outcomes .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia", "HIT" ] }, { "id": "2156", "type": "disease", "text": "Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia that follow comprise the 2 hallmark traits of HIT , with the former largely responsible for significant vascular complications .", "entities": [ "Thrombosis", "thrombocytopenia", "HIT" ] }, { "id": "2157", "type": "disease", "text": "The prevalence of HIT varies among several subgroups , with greater incidence in surgical as compared with medical populations .", "entities": [ "HIT" ] }, { "id": "2158", "type": "disease", "text": "HIT must be acknowledged for its intense predilection for thrombosis and suspected whenever thrombosis occurs after heparin exposure .", "entities": [ "HIT", "thrombosis", "thrombosis" ] }, { "id": "2160", "type": "disease", "text": "The treatment of HIT mandates an immediate cessation of all heparin exposure and the institution of an antithrombotic therapy , most commonly using a direct thrombin inhibitor .", "entities": [ "HIT" ] }, { "id": "2161", "type": "disease", "text": "Current \" diagnostic \" tests , which primarily include functional and antigenic assays , have more of a confirmatory than diagnostic role in the management of HIT .", "entities": [ "HIT" ] }, { "id": "2163", "type": "disease", "text": "Direct thrombin inhibitors are appropriate , evidence - based alternatives to heparin in patients with a history of HIT , who need to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention .", "entities": [ "HIT" ] }, { "id": "2164", "type": "disease", "text": "As heparin remains one of the most frequently used medications today with potential for HIT with every heparin exposure , a close vigilance of platelet counts must be practiced whenever heparin is initiated .", "entities": [ "HIT" ] }, { "id": "2165", "type": "disease", "text": "Abductor paralysis after botox injection for adductor spasmodic dysphonia .", "entities": [ "paralysis", "adductor spasmodic dysphonia" ] }, { "id": "2166", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES / HYPOTHESIS : Botulinum toxin ( Botox ) injections into the thyroarytenoid muscles are the current standard of care for adductor spasmodic dysphonia ( ADSD ) .", "entities": [ "adductor spasmodic dysphonia", "ADSD" ] }, { "id": "2167", "type": "disease", "text": "Reported adverse effects include a period of breathiness , throat pain , and difficulty with swallowing liquids .", "entities": [ "throat pain" ] }, { "id": "2168", "type": "disease", "text": "Here we report multiple cases of bilateral abductor paralysis following Botox injections for ADSD , a complication previously unreported .", "entities": [ "paralysis", "ADSD" ] }, { "id": "2170", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Patients that received Botox injections for spasmodic dysphonia between January 2000 and October 2009 were evaluated .", "entities": [ "spasmodic dysphonia" ] }, { "id": "2171", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with ADSD were identified .", "entities": [ "ADSD" ] }, { "id": "2173", "type": "disease", "text": "For patients with bilateral abductor paralysis , age , sex , paralytic Botox dose , prior Botox dose , and course following paralysis were noted .", "entities": [ "paralysis", "paralysis" ] }, { "id": "2174", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : From a database of 452 patients receiving Botox , 352 patients had been diagnosed with ADSD .", "entities": [ "ADSD" ] }, { "id": "2175", "type": "disease", "text": "Of these 352 patients , eight patients suffered bilateral abductor paralysis , and two suffered this complication twice .", "entities": [ "paralysis" ] }, { "id": "2177", "type": "disease", "text": "Most patients had received treatments prior to abductor paralysis and continued receiving after paralysis .", "entities": [ "paralysis", "paralysis" ] }, { "id": "2179", "type": "disease", "text": "The incidence of abductor paralysis after Botox injection for ADSD was 0 . 34 % .", "entities": [ "paralysis", "ADSD" ] }, { "id": "2180", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Bilateral abductor paralysis is a rare complication of Botox injections for ADSD , causing difficulty with breathing upon exertion .", "entities": [ "paralysis", "ADSD" ] }, { "id": "2181", "type": "disease", "text": "The likely mechanism of paralysis is diffusion of Botox around the muscular process of the arytenoid to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles .", "entities": [ "paralysis" ] }, { "id": "2182", "type": "disease", "text": "The paralysis is temporary , and watchful waiting with restriction of activity is the recommended management .", "entities": [ "paralysis" ] }, { "id": "2183", "type": "disease", "text": "Mitochondrial impairment contributes to cocaine - induced cardiac dysfunction : Prevention by the targeted antioxidant MitoQ .", "entities": [ "Mitochondrial impairment", "cardiac dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2184", "type": "disease", "text": "The goal of this study was to assess mitochondrial function and ROS production in an experimental model of cocaine - induced cardiac dysfunction .", "entities": [ "cardiac dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2185", "type": "disease", "text": "We hypothesized that cocaine abuse may lead to altered mitochondrial function that in turn may cause left ventricular dysfunction .", "entities": [ "cocaine abuse", "left ventricular dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2189", "type": "disease", "text": "This uncoupling effect on oxidative phosphorylation was not detectable after short - term exposure to cocaine , suggesting that these mitochondrial abnormalities were a late rather than a primary event in the pathological response to cocaine .", "entities": [ "mitochondrial abnormalities" ] }, { "id": "2190", "type": "disease", "text": "MitoQ , a mitochondrial - targeted antioxidant , was shown to completely prevent these mitochondrial abnormalities as well as cardiac dysfunction characterized here by a diastolic dysfunction studied with a conductance catheter to obtain pressure - volume data .", "entities": [ "mitochondrial abnormalities", "cardiac dysfunction", "diastolic dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2191", "type": "disease", "text": "Taken together , these results extend previous studies and demonstrate that cocaine - induced cardiac dysfunction may be due to a mitochondrial defect .", "entities": [ "cardiac dysfunction", "mitochondrial defect" ] }, { "id": "2192", "type": "disease", "text": "Trimethoprim - induced immune hemolytic anemia in a pediatric oncology patient presenting as an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction .", "entities": [ "hemolytic anemia" ] }, { "id": "2193", "type": "disease", "text": "A 10 - year - old male with acute leukemia presented with post - chemotherapy anemia .", "entities": [ "acute leukemia", "anemia" ] }, { "id": "2194", "type": "disease", "text": "During red cell transfusion , he developed hemoglobinuria .", "entities": [ "hemoglobinuria" ] }, { "id": "2196", "type": "disease", "text": "Drug - induced immune hemolytic anemia was suspected because of positive direct antiglobulin test , negative eluate , and microspherocytes on smear pre - and post - transfusion .", "entities": [ "hemolytic anemia" ] }, { "id": "2199", "type": "disease", "text": "Other causes of anemia should be considered in patients with worse - than - expected anemia after chemotherapy .", "entities": [ "anemia", "anemia" ] }, { "id": "2200", "type": "disease", "text": "Furthermore , hemolysis during transfusion is not always a transfusion reaction .", "entities": [ "hemolysis" ] }, { "id": "2201", "type": "disease", "text": "Verapamil stimulation test in hyperprolactinemia : loss of prolactin response in anatomic or functional stalk effect .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "2202", "type": "disease", "text": "AIM : Verapamil stimulation test was previously investigated as a tool for differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia , but with conflicting results .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "2203", "type": "disease", "text": "Macroprolactinemia was never considered in those previous studies .", "entities": [ "Macroprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "2204", "type": "disease", "text": "Here , we aimed to re - investigate the diagnostic value of verapamil in a population who were all screened for macroprolactinemia .", "entities": [ "macroprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "2205", "type": "disease", "text": "Prolactin responses to verapamil in 65 female patients ( age : 29 . 9 + / - 8 . 1 years ) with hyperprolactinemia were tested in a descriptive , matched case - control study .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "2208", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Verapamil significantly increased PRL levels in healthy controls ( N . 8 , PRL : 183 % ) , macroprolactinoma ( N . 8 , PRL : 7 % ) , microprolactinoma ( N . 19 , PRL : 21 % ) , macroprolactinemia ( N . 23 , PRL : 126 % ) , but not in pseudoprolactinoma ( N . 8 , PRL : 0 . 8 % ) , and risperidone - induced hyperprolactinemia ( N . 7 , PRL : 3 % ) .", "entities": [ "macroprolactinoma", "microprolactinoma", "macroprolactinemia", "pseudoprolactinoma", "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "2209", "type": "disease", "text": "ROC curve analysis revealed that unresponsiveness to verapamil defined as PRL < 7 % , discriminated anatomical or functional stalk effect ( sensitivity : 74 % , specificity : 73 % , AUC : 0 . 855 + / - 0 . 04 , P < 0 . 001 , CI : 0 . 768 - 0 . 942 ) associated with pseudoprolactinoma or risperidone - induced hyperprolactinemia , respectively .", "entities": [ "pseudoprolactinoma", "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "2210", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Verapamil responsiveness is not a reliable finding for the differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "2211", "type": "disease", "text": "However , verapamil unresponsiveness discriminates stalk effect ( i . e . , anatomically or functionally inhibited dopaminergic tonus ) from other causes of hyperprolactinemia with varying degrees of responsiveness .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "2212", "type": "disease", "text": "Blockade of endothelial - mesenchymal transition by a Smad3 inhibitor delays the early development of streptozotocin - induced diabetic nephropathy .", "entities": [ "diabetic nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2213", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : A multicenter , controlled trial showed that early blockade of the renin - angiotensin system in patients with type 1 diabetes and normoalbuminuria did not retard the progression of nephropathy , suggesting that other mechanism ( s ) are involved in the pathogenesis of early diabetic nephropathy ( diabetic nephropathy ) .", "entities": [ "type 1 diabetes", "nephropathy", "diabetic nephropathy", "diabetic nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2214", "type": "disease", "text": "We have previously demonstrated that endothelial - mesenchymal - transition ( EndoMT ) contributes to the early development of renal interstitial fibrosis independently of microalbuminuria in mice with streptozotocin ( STZ ) - induced diabetes .", "entities": [ "fibrosis", "diabetes" ] }, { "id": "2215", "type": "disease", "text": "In the present study , we hypothesized that blocking EndoMT reduces the early development of diabetic nephropathy .", "entities": [ "diabetic nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2218", "type": "disease", "text": "Blocking studies using receptor for AGE siRNA and a specific inhibitor of Smad3 ( SIS3 ) were performed in MMECs and in STZ - induced diabetic nephropathy in Tie2 - Cre ; Loxp - EGFP mice .", "entities": [ "diabetic nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2220", "type": "disease", "text": "Immunoprecipitation / Western blotting showed that Smad3 was activated by AGEs but was inhibited by SIS3 in MMECs and in STZ - induced diabetic nephropathy .", "entities": [ "diabetic nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2221", "type": "disease", "text": "Confocal microscopy and real - time PCR further demonstrated that SIS3 abrogated EndoMT , reduced renal fibrosis , and retarded progression of nephropathy .", "entities": [ "fibrosis", "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2222", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : EndoMT is a novel pathway leading to early development of diabetic nephropathy .", "entities": [ "diabetic nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2223", "type": "disease", "text": "Blockade of EndoMT by SIS3 may provide a new strategy to retard the progression of diabetic nephropathy and other diabetes complications .", "entities": [ "diabetic nephropathy", "diabetes complications" ] }, { "id": "2224", "type": "disease", "text": "Cytostatic and anti - angiogenic effects of temsirolimus in refractory mantle cell lymphoma .", "entities": [ "mantle cell lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "2225", "type": "disease", "text": "Mantle cell lymphoma ( MCL ) is a rare and aggressive type of B - cell non - Hodgkin ' s lymphoma .", "entities": [ "Mantle cell lymphoma", "MCL", "B - cell non - Hodgkin ' s lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "2227", "type": "disease", "text": "However , a 38 % remission rate has been recently reported in refractory MCL treated with temsirolimus , a mTOR inhibitor . Here we had the opportunity to study a case of refractory MCL who had tumor regression two months after temsirolimus treatment , and a progression - free survival of 10 months .", "entities": [ "MCL", "MCL", "tumor" ] }, { "id": "2229", "type": "disease", "text": "Comparison of the two biopsies showed that temsirolimus inhibited tumor cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest , but did not induce any change in the number of apoptotic tumor cells .", "entities": [ "tumor", "tumor" ] }, { "id": "2230", "type": "disease", "text": "Apart from this cytostatic effect , temsirolimus had an antiangiogenic effect with decrease of tumor microvessel density and of VEGF expression .", "entities": [ "tumor" ] }, { "id": "2231", "type": "disease", "text": "Moreover , numerous patchy , well - limited fibrotic areas , compatible with post - necrotic tissue repair , were found after 6 - month temsirolimus therapy .", "entities": [ "necrotic" ] }, { "id": "2232", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus , temsirolimus reduced tumor burden through associated cytostatic and anti - angiogenic effects . This dual effect of temsirolimus on tumor tissue could contribute to its recently reported efficiency in refractory MCL resistant to conventional chemotherapy .", "entities": [ "tumor", "tumor", "MCL" ] }, { "id": "2233", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute renal failure due to rifampicin .", "entities": [ "Acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "2234", "type": "disease", "text": "A 23 - year - old male patient with bacteriologically proven pulmonary tuberculosis was treated with the various regimens of antituberculosis drugs for nearly 15 months .", "entities": [ "pulmonary tuberculosis" ] }, { "id": "2235", "type": "disease", "text": "Rifampicin was administered thrice as one of the 3 - 4 drug regimen and each time he developed untoward side effects like nausea , vomiting and fever with chills and rigors .", "entities": [ "nausea", "vomiting", "fever" ] }, { "id": "2238", "type": "disease", "text": "Syncope caused by hyperkalemia during use of a combined therapy with the angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitor and spironolactone .", "entities": [ "Syncope", "hyperkalemia" ] }, { "id": "2239", "type": "disease", "text": "A 76 year - old woman with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting and prior myocardial infarction was transferred to the emergency room with loss of consciousness due to marked bradycardia caused by hyperkalemia .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction", "loss of consciousness", "bradycardia", "hyperkalemia" ] }, { "id": "2241", "type": "disease", "text": "The cause of hyperkalemia was considered to be several doses of spiranolactone , an aldosterone antagonist , in addition to the long - term intake of ramipril , an ACE inhibitor .", "entities": [ "hyperkalemia" ] }, { "id": "2243", "type": "disease", "text": "Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of hyperkalemia , especially in elderly patients using ACE / ARB in combination with potassium sparing agents and who have mild renal disturbance .", "entities": [ "hyperkalemia", "renal disturbance" ] }, { "id": "2244", "type": "disease", "text": "Diffuse skeletal pain after administration of alendronate .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "2245", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Osteoporosis is caused by bone resorption in excess of bone formation , and bisphosphonates , are used to inhibit bone resorption .", "entities": [ "Osteoporosis" ] }, { "id": "2246", "type": "disease", "text": "Alendronate , a biphosphonate , is effective for both the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women .", "entities": [ "osteoporosis" ] }, { "id": "2248", "type": "disease", "text": "Musculoskeletal pain may be an important side effect in these patients .", "entities": [ "Musculoskeletal pain" ] }, { "id": "2249", "type": "disease", "text": "We presented a patient admitted to our out - patient clinic with diffuse skeletal pain after three consecutive administration of alendronate .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "2250", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : We conclude that patients with osteoporosis can report pain , and bisphosphonate - related pain should also be considered before ascribing this complaint to osteoporosis .", "entities": [ "osteoporosis", "pain", "pain", "osteoporosis" ] }, { "id": "2251", "type": "disease", "text": "Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of high - dose daptomycin in suspected Staphylococcus aureus meningitis .", "entities": [ "meningitis" ] }, { "id": "2252", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : To report a case of methicillin - sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ( MSSA ) bacteremia with suspected MSSA meningitis treated with high - dose daptomycin assessed with concurrent serum and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) concentrations .", "entities": [ "bacteremia", "meningitis" ] }, { "id": "2253", "type": "disease", "text": "CASE SUMMARY : A 54 - year - old male presented to the emergency department with generalized weakness and presumed health - care - associated pneumonia shown on chest radiograph .", "entities": [ "weakness", "pneumonia" ] }, { "id": "2257", "type": "disease", "text": "On day 8 , the patient developed acute renal failure ( serum creatinine 1 . 9 mg / dL , increased from 1 . 2 mg / dL the previous day and 0 . 8 mg / dL on admission ) .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "2258", "type": "disease", "text": "The patient ' s Glasgow Coma Score was 3 , with normal findings shown on computed tomography scan of the head 72 hours following an episode of cardiac arrest on day 10 .", "entities": [ "cardiac arrest" ] }, { "id": "2259", "type": "disease", "text": "The patient experienced relapsing MSSA bacteremia on day 9 , increasing the suspicion for a central nervous system ( CNS ) infection .", "entities": [ "bacteremia", "infection" ] }, { "id": "2260", "type": "disease", "text": "Nafcillin was discontinued and daptomycin 9 mg / kg daily was initiated for suspected meningitis and was continued until the patient ' s death on day 16 .", "entities": [ "meningitis" ] }, { "id": "2264", "type": "disease", "text": "DISCUSSION : Daptomycin was initiated in our patient secondary to possible nafcillin - induced acute interstitial nephritis and relapsing bacteremia .", "entities": [ "interstitial nephritis", "bacteremia" ] }, { "id": "2266", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : High - dose daptomycin may be an alternative option for MSSA bacteremia with or without a CNS source in patients who have failed or cannot tolerate standard therapy .", "entities": [ "bacteremia" ] }, { "id": "2267", "type": "disease", "text": "Further clinical evaluation in patients with confirmed meningitis is warranted .", "entities": [ "meningitis" ] }, { "id": "2268", "type": "disease", "text": "The role of nitric oxide in convulsions induced by lindane in rats .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "2270", "type": "disease", "text": "It evokes convulsions mainly trough the blockage of GABA ( A ) receptors .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "2271", "type": "disease", "text": "Nitric oxide ( NO ) , gaseous neurotransmitter , has contradictor role in epileptogenesis due to opposite effects of L - arginine , precursor of NO syntheses ( NOS ) , and L - NAME ( NOS inhibitor ) observed in different epilepsy models .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "2272", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of NO on the behavioral and EEG characteristics of lindane - induced epilepsy in male Wistar albino rats .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "2273", "type": "disease", "text": "The administration of L - arginine ( 600 , 800 and 1000 mg / kg , i . p . ) in dose - dependent manner significantly increased convulsion incidence and severity and shortened latency time to first convulsion elicited by lower lindane dose ( 4 mg / kg , i . p . ) .", "entities": [ "convulsion", "convulsion" ] }, { "id": "2274", "type": "disease", "text": "On the contrary , pretreatment with L - NAME ( 500 , 700 and 900 mg / kg , i . p . ) decreased convulsion incidence and severity and prolonged latency time to convulsion following injection with a convulsive dose of lindane ( 8 mg / kg , i . p . ) .", "entities": [ "convulsion", "convulsion", "convulsive" ] }, { "id": "2276", "type": "disease", "text": "These results support the conclusion that NO plays a role of endogenous convulsant in rat model of lindane seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2277", "type": "disease", "text": "Severe polyneuropathy and motor loss after intrathecal thiotepa combination chemotherapy : description of two cases .", "entities": [ "polyneuropathy" ] }, { "id": "2278", "type": "disease", "text": "Two cases of severe delayed neurologic toxicity related to the administration of intrathecal ( IT ) combination chemotherapy including thiotepa ( TSPA ) are presented .", "entities": [ "neurologic toxicity" ] }, { "id": "2279", "type": "disease", "text": "Both cases developed axonal neuropathy with motor predominance in the lower extremities 1 and 6 months after IT chemotherapy was administered .", "entities": [ "axonal neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "2280", "type": "disease", "text": "Neurologic toxicities have been described with IT - methotrexate , IT - cytosine arabinoside and IT - TSPA .", "entities": [ "Neurologic toxicities" ] }, { "id": "2281", "type": "disease", "text": "To our knowledge , however , axonal neuropathy following administration of these three agents has not been previously described .", "entities": [ "axonal neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "2282", "type": "disease", "text": "In spite of the fact that TSPA is a useful IT agent , its combination with MTX , ara - C and radiotherapy could cause severe neurotoxicity .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2289", "type": "disease", "text": "Vasodilation of large and small coronary vessels and hypotension induced by cromakalim and pinacidil were not affected by prior combined beta adrenergic and muscarinic receptors blockade but drug - induced tachycardia was abolished .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "2293", "type": "disease", "text": "Mefenamic acid - induced neutropenia and renal failure in elderly females with hypothyroidism .", "entities": [ "neutropenia", "renal failure", "hypothyroidism" ] }, { "id": "2294", "type": "disease", "text": "We report mefenamic acid - induced non - oliguric renal failure and severe neutropenia occurring simultaneously in two elderly females .", "entities": [ "renal failure", "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "2295", "type": "disease", "text": "The neutropenia was due to maturation arrest of the myeloid series in one patient .", "entities": [ "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "2296", "type": "disease", "text": "Both patients were also hypothyroid , but it is not clear whether this was a predisposing factor to the development of these adverse reactions .", "entities": [ "hypothyroid" ] }, { "id": "2297", "type": "disease", "text": "However , it would seem prudent not to use mefenamic acid in hypothyroid patients until the hypothyroidism has been corrected .", "entities": [ "hypothyroid", "hypothyroidism" ] }, { "id": "2298", "type": "disease", "text": "Etiology of hypercalcemia in hemodialysis patients on calcium carbonate therapy .", "entities": [ "hypercalcemia" ] }, { "id": "2299", "type": "disease", "text": "Fourteen of 39 dialysis patients ( 36 % ) became hypercalcemic after switching to calcium carbonate as their principal phosphate binder .", "entities": [ "hypercalcemic" ] }, { "id": "2300", "type": "disease", "text": "In order to identify risk factors associated with the development of hypercalcemia , indirect parameters of intestinal calcium reabsorption and bone turnover rate in these 14 patients were compared with results in 14 eucalcemic patients matched for age , sex , length of time on dialysis , and etiology of renal disease .", "entities": [ "hypercalcemia", "renal disease" ] }, { "id": "2301", "type": "disease", "text": "In addition to experiencing hypercalcemic episodes with peak calcium values of 2 . 7 to 3 . 8 mmol / L ( 10 . 7 to 15 . 0 mg / dL ) , patients in the hypercalcemic group exhibited a significant increase in the mean calcium concentration obtained during 6 months before the switch , compared with the mean value obtained during the 7 months of observation after the switch ( 2 . 4 + / - 0 . 03 to 2 . 5 + / - 0 . 03 mmol / L [ 9 . 7 + / - 0 . 2 to 10 . 2 + / - 0 . 1 mg / dL ] , P = 0 . 006 ) .", "entities": [ "hypercalcemic", "hypercalcemic" ] }, { "id": "2306", "type": "disease", "text": "Late - onset scleroderma renal crisis induced by tacrolimus and prednisolone : a case report .", "entities": [ "scleroderma renal crisis" ] }, { "id": "2307", "type": "disease", "text": "Scleroderma renal crisis ( SRC ) is a rare complication of systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) but can be severe enough to require temporary or permanent renal replacement therapy .", "entities": [ "Scleroderma renal crisis", "SRC", "systemic sclerosis", "SSc" ] }, { "id": "2308", "type": "disease", "text": "Moderate to high dose corticosteroid use is recognized as a major risk factor for SRC .", "entities": [ "SRC" ] }, { "id": "2309", "type": "disease", "text": "Furthermore , there have been reports of thrombotic microangiopathy precipitated by cyclosporine in patients with SSc .", "entities": [ "thrombotic microangiopathy", "SSc" ] }, { "id": "2310", "type": "disease", "text": "In this article , we report a patient with SRC induced by tacrolimus and corticosteroids .", "entities": [ "SRC" ] }, { "id": "2311", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of this work is to call attention to the risk of tacrolimus use in patients with SSc .", "entities": [ "SSc" ] }, { "id": "2312", "type": "disease", "text": "Methyldopa - induced hemolytic anemia in a 15 year old presenting as near - syncope .", "entities": [ "hemolytic anemia", "syncope" ] }, { "id": "2314", "type": "disease", "text": "Methyldopa causes an autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a small percentage of patients who take the drug .", "entities": [ "autoimmune hemolytic anemia" ] }, { "id": "2315", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case of methyldopa - induced hemolytic anemia in a 15 - year - old boy who presented to the emergency department with near - syncope .", "entities": [ "hemolytic anemia", "emergency department", "syncope" ] }, { "id": "2316", "type": "disease", "text": "The boy had been treated with intravenous methyldopa during a trauma admission seven weeks prior to presentation .", "entities": [ "trauma" ] }, { "id": "2320", "type": "disease", "text": "A brief review of autoimmune and drug - induced hemolytic anemias is provided .", "entities": [ "hemolytic anemias" ] }, { "id": "2321", "type": "disease", "text": "The risk and associated factors of methamphetamine psychosis in methamphetamine - dependent patients in Malaysia .", "entities": [ "psychosis" ] }, { "id": "2322", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : The objective of this study was to determine the risk of lifetime and current methamphetamine - induced psychosis in patients with methamphetamine dependence .", "entities": [ "psychosis" ] }, { "id": "2323", "type": "disease", "text": "The association between psychiatric co - morbidity and methamphetamine - induced psychosis was also studied .", "entities": [ "psychosis" ] }, { "id": "2325", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with the diagnosis of methamphetamine based on DSM - IV were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview ( M . I . N . I . ) for methamphetamine - induced psychosis and other Axis I psychiatric disorders .", "entities": [ "psychosis", "psychiatric disorders" ] }, { "id": "2327", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Of 292 subjects , 47 . 9 % of the subjects had a past history of psychotic symptoms and 13 . 0 % of the patients were having current psychotic symptoms .", "entities": [ "psychotic symptoms", "psychotic symptoms" ] }, { "id": "2328", "type": "disease", "text": "Co - morbid major depressive disorder ( OR = 7 . 18 , 95 CI = 2 . 612 - 19 . 708 ) , bipolar disorder ( OR = 13 . 807 , 95 CI = 5 . 194 - 36 . 706 ) , antisocial personality disorder ( OR = 12 . 619 , 95 CI = 6 . 702 - 23 . 759 ) and heavy methamphetamine uses were significantly associated with lifetime methamphetamine - induced psychosis after adjusted for other factors .", "entities": [ "depressive disorder", "bipolar disorder", "antisocial personality disorder", "psychosis" ] }, { "id": "2329", "type": "disease", "text": "Major depressive disorder ( OR = 2 . 870 , CI = 1 . 154 - 7 . 142 ) and antisocial personality disorder ( OR = 3 . 299 , 95 CI = 1 . 375 - 7 . 914 ) were the only factors associated with current psychosis .", "entities": [ "Major depressive disorder", "antisocial personality disorder", "psychosis" ] }, { "id": "2330", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : There was a high risk of psychosis in patients with methamphetamine dependence .", "entities": [ "psychosis" ] }, { "id": "2331", "type": "disease", "text": "It was associated with co - morbid affective disorder , antisocial personality , and heavy methamphetamine use .", "entities": [ "affective disorder", "antisocial personality" ] }, { "id": "2332", "type": "disease", "text": "It is recommended that all cases of methamphetamine dependence should be screened for psychotic symptoms .", "entities": [ "psychotic symptoms" ] }, { "id": "2333", "type": "disease", "text": "Cerebellar sensory processing alterations impact motor cortical plasticity in Parkinson ' s disease : clues from dyskinetic patients .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease", "dyskinetic" ] }, { "id": "2334", "type": "disease", "text": "The plasticity of primary motor cortex ( M1 ) in patients with Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) and levodopa - induced dyskinesias ( LIDs ) is severely impaired .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease", "PD", "dyskinesias", "LIDs" ] }, { "id": "2336", "type": "disease", "text": "This study demonstrates that the deficient sensorimotor M1 plasticity in 16 patients with LIDs could be reinstated by a single session of real inhibitory cerebellar stimulation but not sham stimulation .", "entities": [ "LIDs" ] }, { "id": "2338", "type": "disease", "text": "The benefit of inhibitory cerebellar stimulation on LIDs is known .", "entities": [ "LIDs" ] }, { "id": "2339", "type": "disease", "text": "To explore whether this benefit is linked to the restoration of sensorimotor plasticity of M1 , we conducted an additional study looking at changes in LIDs and PAS - induced plasticity after 10 sessions of either bilateral , real inhibitory cerebellar stimulation or sham stimulation .", "entities": [ "LIDs" ] }, { "id": "2341", "type": "disease", "text": "These results suggest that alterations in cerebellar sensory processing function , occurring secondary to abnormal basal ganglia signals reaching it , may be an important element contributing to the maladaptive sensorimotor plasticity of M1 and the emergence of abnormal involuntary movements .", "entities": [ "abnormal involuntary movements" ] }, { "id": "2342", "type": "disease", "text": "The long - term safety of danazol in women with hereditary angioedema .", "entities": [ "hereditary angioedema" ] }, { "id": "2344", "type": "disease", "text": "We therefore investigated the long - term safety of danazol by performing a retrospective chart review of 60 female patients with hereditary angioedema treated with danazol for a continuous period of 6 months or longer .", "entities": [ "hereditary angioedema" ] }, { "id": "2347", "type": "disease", "text": "Menstrual abnormalities ( 79 % ) , weight gain ( 60 % ) , muscle cramps / myalgias ( 40 % ) , and transaminase elevations ( 40 % ) were the most common adverse reactions .", "entities": [ "Menstrual abnormalities", "weight gain", "muscle cramps", "myalgias" ] }, { "id": "2351", "type": "disease", "text": "The function of P2X3 receptor and NK1 receptor antagonists on cyclophosphamide - induced cystitis in rats .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "2352", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : The purpose of the study is to explore the function of P2X3 and NK1 receptors antagonists on cyclophosphamide ( CYP ) - induced cystitis in rats .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "2355", "type": "disease", "text": "Spontaneous pain behaviors following the administration of CYP were observed .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "2359", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Cyclophosphamide treatment increased the spontaneous pain behaviors scores .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "2362", "type": "disease", "text": "Histological changes evident in model and intervention groups rats ' bladder included edema , vasodilation , and infiltration of inflammatory cells .", "entities": [ "edema" ] }, { "id": "2364", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : In CYP - induced cystitis , the expression of P2X3 and NK1 receptors increased in urothelium and / or suburothelium .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "2366", "type": "disease", "text": "Patient tolerance study of topical chlorhexidine diphosphanilate : a new topical agent for burns .", "entities": [ "burns" ] }, { "id": "2367", "type": "disease", "text": "Effective topical antimicrobial agents decrease infection and mortality in burn patients .", "entities": [ "infection", "burn" ] }, { "id": "2368", "type": "disease", "text": "Chlorhexidine phosphanilate ( CHP ) , a new broad - spectrum antimicrobial agent , has been evaluated as a topical burn wound dressing in cream form , but preliminary clinical trials reported that it was painful upon application .", "entities": [ "burn" ] }, { "id": "2370", "type": "disease", "text": "Twenty - nine burn patients , each with two similar burns which could be separately treated , were given pairs of treatments at successive 12 - h intervals over a 3 - day period .", "entities": [ "burn", "burns" ] }, { "id": "2371", "type": "disease", "text": "One burn site was treated with each of four different CHP concentrations , from 0 . 25 per cent to 2 per cent , their vehicle , and 1 per cent silver sulphadiazine ( AgSD ) cream , an antimicrobial agent frequently used for topical treatment of burn wounds .", "entities": [ "burn", "burn" ] }, { "id": "2373", "type": "disease", "text": "There was a direct relationship between CHP concentration and patients ' ratings of pain on an analogue scale .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "2374", "type": "disease", "text": "The 0 . 25 per cent CHP cream was closest to AgSD in pain tolerance ; however , none of the treatments differed statistically from AgSD or from each other .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "2377", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute hepatitis associated with clopidogrel : a case report and review of the literature .", "entities": [ "hepatitis" ] }, { "id": "2378", "type": "disease", "text": "Drug - induced hepatotoxicity is a common cause of acute hepatitis , and the recognition of the responsible drug may be difficult .", "entities": [ "hepatotoxicity", "hepatitis" ] }, { "id": "2379", "type": "disease", "text": "We describe a case of clopidogrel - related acute hepatitis .", "entities": [ "hepatitis" ] }, { "id": "2381", "type": "disease", "text": "Reports about cases of hepatotoxicity due to clopidogrel are increasing in the last few years , after the increased use of this drug .", "entities": [ "hepatotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2382", "type": "disease", "text": "In conclusion , we believe that physicians should carefully consider the risk of drug - induced hepatic injury when clopidogrel is prescribed .", "entities": [ "hepatic injury" ] }, { "id": "2383", "type": "disease", "text": "Bortezomib and dexamethasone as salvage therapy in patients with relapsed / refractory multiple myeloma : analysis of long - term clinical outcomes .", "entities": [ "multiple myeloma" ] }, { "id": "2384", "type": "disease", "text": "Bortezomib ( bort ) - dexamethasone ( dex ) is an effective therapy for relapsed / refractory ( R / R ) multiple myeloma ( MM ) .", "entities": [ "multiple myeloma", "MM" ] }, { "id": "2385", "type": "disease", "text": "This retrospective study investigated the combination of bort ( 1 . 3 mg / m ( 2 ) on days 1 , 4 , 8 , and 11 every 3 weeks ) and dex ( 20 mg on the day of and the day after bort ) as salvage treatment in 85 patients with R / R MM after prior autologous stem cell transplantation or conventional chemotherapy .", "entities": [ "MM" ] }, { "id": "2391", "type": "disease", "text": "The most relevant adverse event was peripheral neuropathy , which occurred in 78 % of the patients ( grade II , 38 % ; grade III , 21 % ) and led to treatment discontinuation in 6 % .", "entities": [ "peripheral neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "2394", "type": "disease", "text": "Bort - dex was an effective salvage treatment for MM patients , particularly for those in first relapse .", "entities": [ "MM" ] }, { "id": "2395", "type": "disease", "text": "Pubertal exposure to Bisphenol A increases anxiety - like behavior and decreases acetylcholinesterase activity of hippocampus in adult male mice .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "2397", "type": "disease", "text": "Acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) is a regulatory enzyme which is involved in anxiety - like behavior .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "2402", "type": "disease", "text": "Results from our behavioral phenotyping indicated that anxiety - like behavior was increased in mice exposed to BPA .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "2404", "type": "disease", "text": "Our findings showed that pubertal BPA exposure increased anxiety - like behavior , which may be associated with decreased AChE activity of the hippocampus in adult male mice .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "2405", "type": "disease", "text": "Further studies are necessary to investigate the cholinergic signaling of the hippocampus in PBE induced anxiety - like behaviors .", "entities": [ "anxiety" ] }, { "id": "2406", "type": "disease", "text": "Biochemical effects of Solidago virgaurea extract on experimental cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2407", "type": "disease", "text": "Cardiovascular diseases ( CVDs ) are the major health problem of advanced as well as developing countries of the world .", "entities": [ "Cardiovascular diseases", "CVDs" ] }, { "id": "2408", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of the Solidago virgaurea extract on isoproterenol - induced cardiotoxicity in rats .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2414", "type": "disease", "text": "\" Real - world \" data on the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed / refractory multiple myeloma who were treated according to the standard clinical practice : a study of the Greek Myeloma Study Group .", "entities": [ "multiple myeloma", "Myeloma" ] }, { "id": "2415", "type": "disease", "text": "Lenalidomide and dexamethasone ( RD ) is a standard of care for relapsed / refractory multiple myeloma ( RRMM ) , but there is limited published data on its efficacy and safety in the \" real world \" ( RW ) , according to the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research definition .", "entities": [ "multiple myeloma", "RRMM" ] }, { "id": "2416", "type": "disease", "text": "We studied 212 RRMM patients who received RD in RW .", "entities": [ "RRMM" ] }, { "id": "2423", "type": "disease", "text": "Adverse events were reported in 68 . 9 % of patients ( myelosuppression in 49 . 4 % ) and 12 . 7 % of patients needed hospitalization .", "entities": [ "myelosuppression" ] }, { "id": "2424", "type": "disease", "text": "Peripheral neuropathy was observed only in 2 . 5 % of patients and deep vein thrombosis in 5 . 7 % .", "entities": [ "Peripheral neuropathy", "deep vein thrombosis" ] }, { "id": "2429", "type": "disease", "text": "Our study confirms that RD is effective and safe in RRMM in the RW ; it produces durable responses especially in patients who continue on treatment till progression and improves humoral immunity even in patients with stable disease .", "entities": [ "RRMM" ] }, { "id": "2432", "type": "disease", "text": "It is characterized by its intense urotoxic action , leading to hemorrhagic cystitis .", "entities": [ "hemorrhagic cystitis" ] }, { "id": "2438", "type": "disease", "text": "Mesna significantly reduces IFO ' s genotoxicity , while when administered in high concentrations it acts in an inhibitory fashion on the cytostatic action of the drug .", "entities": [ "genotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2439", "type": "disease", "text": "Risk factors and predictors of levodopa - induced dyskinesia among multiethnic Malaysians with Parkinson ' s disease .", "entities": [ "dyskinesia", "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "2440", "type": "disease", "text": "Chronic pulsatile levodopa therapy for Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) leads to the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease", "PD", "dyskinesia" ] }, { "id": "2441", "type": "disease", "text": "We studied the prevalence and predictors of levodopa - induced dyskinesia among multiethnic Malaysian patients with PD .", "entities": [ "dyskinesia", "PD" ] }, { "id": "2442", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : This is a cross - sectional study involving 95 patients with PD on uninterrupted levodopa therapy for at least 6 months .", "entities": [ "PD" ] }, { "id": "2444", "type": "disease", "text": "The predictors of dyskinesia were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis .", "entities": [ "dyskinesia" ] }, { "id": "2448", "type": "disease", "text": "Dyskinesia was present in 44 % ( n = 42 ) with median levodopa therapy of 3 years .", "entities": [ "Dyskinesia" ] }, { "id": "2450", "type": "disease", "text": "Eighty - one percent of patients with dyskinesia had clinical fluctuations .", "entities": [ "dyskinesia" ] }, { "id": "2451", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with dyskinesia had lower onset age ( p < 0 . 001 ) , longer duration of levodopa therapy ( p < 0 . 001 ) , longer disease duration ( p < 0 . 001 ) , higher total daily levodopa dose ( p < 0 . 001 ) , and higher total UPDRS scores ( p = 0 . 005 ) than patients without dyskinesia .", "entities": [ "dyskinesia", "dyskinesia" ] }, { "id": "2452", "type": "disease", "text": "The three significant predictors of dyskinesia were duration of levodopa therapy , onset age , and total daily levodopa dose .", "entities": [ "dyskinesia" ] }, { "id": "2453", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : The prevalence of levodopa - induced dyskinesia in our patients was 44 % .", "entities": [ "dyskinesia" ] }, { "id": "2455", "type": "disease", "text": "Dose - dependent neurotoxicity of high - dose busulfan in children : a clinical and pharmacological study .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2456", "type": "disease", "text": "Busulfan is known to be neurotoxic in animals and humans , but its acute neurotoxicity remains poorly characterized in children .", "entities": [ "neurotoxic", "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2457", "type": "disease", "text": "We report here a retrospective study of 123 children ( median age , 6 . 5 years ) receiving high - dose busulfan in combined chemotherapy before bone marrow transplantation for malignant solid tumors , brain tumors excluded .", "entities": [ "tumors", "brain tumors" ] }, { "id": "2461", "type": "disease", "text": "Ninety - six patients were not given anticonvulsive prophylaxis ; 7 ( 7 . 5 % ) developed seizures during the 4 days of the busulfan course or within 24 h after the last dosing .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2462", "type": "disease", "text": "When the total busulfan dose was taken into account , there was a significant difference in terms of neurotoxicity incidence among patients under 16 mg / kg ( 1 of 57 , 1 . 7 % ) and patients under 600 mg / m2 ( 6 of 39 , 15 . 4 % ) ( P less than 0 . 02 ) .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2463", "type": "disease", "text": "Twenty - seven patients were given a 600 - mg / m2 busulfan total dose with continuous i . v . infusion of clonazepam ; none had any neurological symptoms .", "entities": [ "neurological symptoms" ] }, { "id": "2464", "type": "disease", "text": "Busulfan levels were measured by a gas chromatographic - mass spectrometry assay in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of 9 children without central nervous system disease under 600 mg / m2 busulfan with clonazepam : busulfan cerebrospinal fluid : plasma ratio was 1 . 39 .", "entities": [ "central nervous system disease" ] }, { "id": "2466", "type": "disease", "text": "This study shows that busulfan neurotoxicity is dose - dependent in children and efficiently prevented by clonazepam .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2467", "type": "disease", "text": "A busulfan dose calculated on the basis of body surface area , resulting in higher doses in young children , was followed by increased neurotoxicity , close to neurotoxicity incidence observed in adults .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity", "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2470", "type": "disease", "text": "An unexpected diagnosis in a renal - transplant patient with proteinuria treated with everolimus : AL amyloidosis .", "entities": [ "proteinuria", "amyloidosis" ] }, { "id": "2471", "type": "disease", "text": "Proteinuria is an expected complication in transplant patients treated with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors ( mTOR - i ) .", "entities": [ "Proteinuria" ] }, { "id": "2472", "type": "disease", "text": "However , clinical suspicion should always be supported by histological evidence in order to investigate potential alternate diagnoses such as acute or chronic rejection , interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy , or recurrent or de novo glomerulopathy .", "entities": [ "fibrosis", "atrophy", "glomerulopathy" ] }, { "id": "2473", "type": "disease", "text": "In this case we report the unexpected diagnosis of amyloidosis in a renal - transplant patient with pre - transplant monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance who developed proteinuria after conversion from tacrolimus to everolimus .", "entities": [ "amyloidosis", "proteinuria" ] }, { "id": "2474", "type": "disease", "text": "Long - term oral galactose treatment prevents cognitive deficits in male Wistar rats treated intracerebroventricularly with streptozotocin .", "entities": [ "cognitive deficits" ] }, { "id": "2475", "type": "disease", "text": "Basic and clinical research has demonstrated that dementia of sporadic Alzheimer ' s disease ( sAD ) type is associated with dysfunction of the insulin - receptor ( IR ) system followed by decreased glucose transport via glucose transporter GLUT4 and decreased glucose metabolism in brain cells .", "entities": [ "dementia", "Alzheimer ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "2477", "type": "disease", "text": "Exclusively parenteral daily injections of galactose induce memory deterioration in rodents and are used to generate animal aging model , but the effects of oral galactose treatment on cognitive functions have never been tested .", "entities": [ "memory deterioration" ] }, { "id": "2478", "type": "disease", "text": "We have investigated the effects of continuous daily oral galactose ( 200 mg / kg / day ) treatment on cognitive deficits in streptozotocin - induced ( STZ - icv ) rat model of sAD , tested by Morris Water Maze and Passive Avoidance test , respectively .", "entities": [ "cognitive deficits" ] }, { "id": "2479", "type": "disease", "text": "One month of oral galactose treatment initiated immediately after the STZ - icv administration , successfully prevented development of the STZ - icv - induced cognitive deficits .", "entities": [ "cognitive deficits" ] }, { "id": "2483", "type": "disease", "text": "Oral galactose exposure might have beneficial effects on learning and memory ability and could be worth investigating for improvement of cognitive deficits associated with glucose hypometabolism in AD .", "entities": [ "cognitive deficits", "glucose hypometabolism", "AD" ] }, { "id": "2484", "type": "disease", "text": "An investigation of the pattern of kidney injury in HIV - positive persons exposed to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : an examination of a large population database ( MHRA database ) .", "entities": [ "kidney injury" ] }, { "id": "2488", "type": "disease", "text": "Reports that satisfy defined criteria were classified as acute kidney injury , kidney tubular dysfunction and Fanconi syndrome .", "entities": [ "acute kidney injury", "kidney tubular dysfunction", "Fanconi syndrome" ] }, { "id": "2489", "type": "disease", "text": "Of the 407 Yellow Card records analysed , 106 satisfied criteria for TDF - related kidney disease , of which 53 ( 50 % ) had features of kidney tubular dysfunction , 35 ( 33 % ) were found to have features of glomerular dysfunction and 18 ( 17 % ) had Fanconi syndrome .", "entities": [ "kidney disease", "kidney tubular dysfunction", "glomerular dysfunction", "Fanconi syndrome" ] }, { "id": "2491", "type": "disease", "text": "The incidence of hospitalisation for TDF kidney adverse effects was high , particularly amongst patients with features of Fanconi syndrome .", "entities": [ "Fanconi syndrome" ] }, { "id": "2494", "type": "disease", "text": "Incidence of postoperative delirium is high even in a population without known risk factors .", "entities": [ "postoperative delirium" ] }, { "id": "2495", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : Postoperative delirium is a recognized complication in populations at risk .", "entities": [ "Postoperative delirium" ] }, { "id": "2496", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of early postoperative delirium in a population without known risk factors admitted to the ICU for postoperative monitoring after elective major surgery .", "entities": [ "postoperative delirium" ] }, { "id": "2499", "type": "disease", "text": "Exclusion criteria were any preexisting predisposing factor for delirium or other potentially confounding neurological dysfunctions .", "entities": [ "delirium", "neurological dysfunctions" ] }, { "id": "2500", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients were assessed daily using the confusion assessment method for the ICU scale for 3 days after the surgical procedure .", "entities": [ "confusion" ] }, { "id": "2501", "type": "disease", "text": "Early postoperative delirium incidence risk factors were then assessed through three different multiple regression models .", "entities": [ "postoperative delirium" ] }, { "id": "2502", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : According to the confusion assessment method for the ICU scale , 28 % of patients were diagnosed with early postoperative delirium .", "entities": [ "postoperative delirium" ] }, { "id": "2503", "type": "disease", "text": "The use of thiopentone was significantly associated with an eight - fold - higher risk for delirium compared to propofol ( 57 . 1 % vs . 7 . 1 % , RR = 8 . 0 , X2 = 4 . 256 ; df = 1 ; 0 . 05 < p < 0 . 02 ) .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "2504", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : In this study early postoperative delirium was found to be a very common complication after major surgery , even in a population without known risk factors .", "entities": [ "postoperative delirium" ] }, { "id": "2506", "type": "disease", "text": "A single neurotoxic dose of methamphetamine induces a long - lasting depressive - like behaviour in mice .", "entities": [ "neurotoxic", "depressive" ] }, { "id": "2507", "type": "disease", "text": "Methamphetamine ( METH ) triggers a disruption of the monoaminergic system and METH abuse leads to negative emotional states including depressive symptoms during drug withdrawal .", "entities": [ "depressive symptoms" ] }, { "id": "2508", "type": "disease", "text": "However , it is currently unknown if the acute toxic dosage of METH also causes a long - lasting depressive phenotype and persistent monoaminergic deficits .", "entities": [ "depressive" ] }, { "id": "2509", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus , we now assessed the depressive - like behaviour in mice at early and long - term periods following a single high METH dose ( 30 mg / kg , i . p . ) .", "entities": [ "depressive" ] }, { "id": "2512", "type": "disease", "text": "This depressive - like profile induced by METH was accompanied by a marked depletion of frontostriatal dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission , indicated by a reduction in the levels of dopamine , DOPAC and HVA , tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin , observed at both 3 and 49 days post - administration .", "entities": [ "depressive" ] }, { "id": "2513", "type": "disease", "text": "In parallel , another neurochemical feature of depression - - astroglial dysfunction - - was unaffected in the cortex and the striatal levels of the astrocytic protein marker , glial fibrillary acidic protein , were only transiently increased at 3 days .", "entities": [ "depression" ] }, { "id": "2514", "type": "disease", "text": "These findings demonstrate for the first time that a single high dose of METH induces long - lasting depressive - like behaviour in mice associated with a persistent disruption of frontostriatal dopaminergic and serotonergic homoeostasis .", "entities": [ "depressive" ] }, { "id": "2515", "type": "disease", "text": "Linezolid - induced optic neuropathy .", "entities": [ "optic neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "2518", "type": "disease", "text": "We describe a case of progressive loss of vision associated with linezolid therapy .", "entities": [ "loss of vision" ] }, { "id": "2519", "type": "disease", "text": "A 45 - year - old male patient who was on treatment with multiple second - line anti - tuberculous drugs including linezolid and ethambutol for extensively drug - resistant tuberculosis ( XDR - TB ) presented to us with painless progressive loss of vision in both eyes .", "entities": [ "extensively drug - resistant tuberculosis", "XDR - TB", "loss of vision" ] }, { "id": "2520", "type": "disease", "text": "Color vision was defective and fundus examination revealed optic disc edema in both eyes .", "entities": [ "optic disc edema" ] }, { "id": "2521", "type": "disease", "text": "Ethambutol - induced toxic optic neuropathy was suspected and tablet ethambutol was withdrawn .", "entities": [ "toxic optic neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "2522", "type": "disease", "text": "Deterioration of vision occurred despite withdrawal of ethambutol .", "entities": [ "Deterioration of vision" ] }, { "id": "2525", "type": "disease", "text": "Resuscitation with lipid , epinephrine , or both in levobupivacaine - induced cardiac toxicity in newborn piglets .", "entities": [ "cardiac toxicity" ] }, { "id": "2526", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : The optimal dosing regimens of lipid emulsion , epinephrine , or both are not yet determined in neonates in cases of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity ( LAST ) .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "2527", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Newborn piglets received levobupivacaine until cardiovascular collapse occurred .", "entities": [ "cardiovascular collapse" ] }, { "id": "2528", "type": "disease", "text": "Standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started and electrocardiogram ( ECG ) was monitored for ventricular tachycardia , fibrillation , or QRS prolongation .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachycardia", "fibrillation" ] }, { "id": "2536", "type": "disease", "text": "Incidence of heparin - induced thrombocytopenia type II and postoperative recovery of platelet count in liver graft recipients : a retrospective cohort analysis .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia type II" ] }, { "id": "2537", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Thrombocytopenia in patients with end - stage liver disease is a common disorder caused mainly by portal hypertension , low levels of thrombopoetin , and endotoxemia .", "entities": [ "Thrombocytopenia", "end - stage liver disease", "portal hypertension", "endotoxemia" ] }, { "id": "2538", "type": "disease", "text": "The impact of immune - mediated heparin - induced thrombocytopenia type II ( HIT type II ) as a cause of thrombocytopenia after liver transplantation is not yet understood , with few literature citations reporting contradictory results .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia type II", "HIT type II", "thrombocytopenia" ] }, { "id": "2539", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of our study was to demonstrate the perioperative course of thrombocytopenia after liver transplantation and determine the occurrence of clinical HIT type II .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia", "HIT type II" ] }, { "id": "2540", "type": "disease", "text": "METHOD : We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 205 consecutive adult patients who underwent full - size liver transplantation between January 2006 and December 2010 due to end - stage or malignant liver disease .", "entities": [ "end - stage or malignant liver disease" ] }, { "id": "2541", "type": "disease", "text": "Preoperative platelet count , postoperative course of platelets , and clinical signs of HIT type II were analyzed .", "entities": [ "HIT type II" ] }, { "id": "2542", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : A total of 155 ( 75 . 6 % ) of 205 patients had thrombocytopenia before transplantation , significantly influenced by Model of End - Stage Liver Disease score and liver cirrhosis .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia", "End - Stage Liver Disease", "liver cirrhosis" ] }, { "id": "2544", "type": "disease", "text": "Regarding HIT II , there were four ( 1 . 95 % ) patients with a background of HIT type II .", "entities": [ "HIT II", "HIT type II" ] }, { "id": "2545", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : The incidence of HIT in patients with end - stage hepatic failure is , with about 1 . 95 % , rare .", "entities": [ "HIT", "end - stage hepatic failure" ] }, { "id": "2546", "type": "disease", "text": "For further reduction of HIT type II , the use of intravenous heparin should be avoided and the prophylactic anticoagulation should be performed with low - molecular - weight heparin after normalization of platelet count .", "entities": [ "HIT type II" ] }, { "id": "2547", "type": "disease", "text": "Takotsubo syndrome ( or apical ballooning syndrome ) secondary to Zolmitriptan .", "entities": [ "Takotsubo syndrome", "apical ballooning syndrome" ] }, { "id": "2548", "type": "disease", "text": "Takotsubo syndrome ( TS ) , also known as broken heart syndrome , is characterized by left ventricle apical ballooning with elevated cardiac biomarkers and electrocardiographic changes suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome ( ie , ST - segment elevation , T wave inversions , and pathologic Q waves ) .", "entities": [ "Takotsubo syndrome", "TS", "broken heart syndrome", "acute coronary syndrome" ] }, { "id": "2549", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case of 54 - year - old woman with medical history of mitral valve prolapse and migraines , who was admitted to the hospital for substernal chest pain and electrocardiogram demonstrated 1 / 2 mm ST - segment elevation in leads II , III , aVF , V5 , and V6 and positive troponin I .", "entities": [ "mitral valve prolapse", "migraines", "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "2550", "type": "disease", "text": "Emergent coronary angiogram revealed normal coronary arteries with moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction with wall motion abnormalities consistent with TS .", "entities": [ "TS" ] }, { "id": "2551", "type": "disease", "text": "Detailed history obtained retrospectively revealed that the patient took zolmitriptan sparingly only when she had migraines .", "entities": [ "migraines" ] }, { "id": "2552", "type": "disease", "text": "But before this event , she was taking zolmitriptan 2 - 3 times daily for several days because of a persistent migraine headache .", "entities": [ "migraine headache" ] }, { "id": "2554", "type": "disease", "text": "There was no evidence of any recent stress or status migrainosus .", "entities": [ "status migrainosus" ] }, { "id": "2555", "type": "disease", "text": "Extensive literature search revealed multiple cases of coronary artery vasospasm secondary to zolmitriptan , but none of the cases were associated with TS .", "entities": [ "coronary artery vasospasm", "TS" ] }, { "id": "2556", "type": "disease", "text": "Depression , impulsiveness , sleep , and memory in past and present polydrug users of 3 , 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( MDMA , ecstasy ) .", "entities": [ "Depression", "impulsiveness" ] }, { "id": "2561", "type": "disease", "text": "Participants completed a drug history questionnaire , Beck Depression Inventory , Barratt Impulsiveness Scale , Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index , and Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised which , in total , provided 13 psychometric measures .", "entities": [ "Depression", "Impulsiveness" ] }, { "id": "2565", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Given this record of impaired memory and clinically significant levels of depression , impulsiveness , and sleep disturbance , the prognosis for the current generation of ecstasy users is a major cause for concern .", "entities": [ "impaired memory", "depression", "impulsiveness", "sleep disturbance" ] }, { "id": "2566", "type": "disease", "text": "Association of common genetic variants of HOMER1 gene with levodopa adverse effects in Parkinson ' s disease patients .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "2567", "type": "disease", "text": "Levodopa is the most effective symptomatic therapy for Parkinson ' s disease , but its chronic use could lead to chronic adverse outcomes , such as motor fluctuations , dyskinesia and visual hallucinations .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease", "dyskinesia", "visual hallucinations" ] }, { "id": "2570", "type": "disease", "text": "A total of 205 patients with idiopathic Parkinson ' s disease were investigated .", "entities": [ "idiopathic Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "2572", "type": "disease", "text": "The rs4704559 G allele was associated with a lower prevalence of dyskinesia ( prevalence ratio ( PR ) = 0 . 615 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0 . 426 - 0 . 887 , P = 0 . 009 ) and visual hallucinations ( PR = 0 . 515 , 95 % CI 0 . 295 - 0 . 899 , P = 0 . 020 ) .", "entities": [ "dyskinesia", "visual hallucinations" ] }, { "id": "2586", "type": "disease", "text": "Crocin reduced inhibition of ERK activation and diazinon - induced hyperlipemia and increased levels of LDLr transcript .", "entities": [ "hyperlipemia" ] }, { "id": "2587", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Crocin may be considered as a novel protective agent in diazinon - induced hyperlipemia through modulating of ERK pathway and increase of LDLr expression .", "entities": [ "hyperlipemia" ] }, { "id": "2588", "type": "disease", "text": "GEM - P chemotherapy is active in the treatment of relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma .", "entities": [ "Hodgkin lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "2589", "type": "disease", "text": "Hodgkin lymphoma ( HL ) is a relatively chemosensitive malignancy .", "entities": [ "Hodgkin lymphoma", "HL", "malignancy" ] }, { "id": "2591", "type": "disease", "text": "Regimens commonly used often require inpatient administration and can be difficult to deliver due to toxicity .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "2592", "type": "disease", "text": "Gemcitabine and cisplatin have activity in HL , non - overlapping toxicity with first - line chemotherapeutics , and may be delivered in an outpatient setting .", "entities": [ "HL", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "2593", "type": "disease", "text": "In this retrospective single - centre analysis , patients with relapsed or refractory HL treated with gemcitabine 1 , 000 mg / m ( 2 ) day ( D ) 1 , D8 and D15 ; methylprednisolone 1 , 000 mg D1 - 5 ; and cisplatin 100 mg / m ( 2 ) D15 , every 28 days ( GEM - P ) were included .", "entities": [ "HL" ] }, { "id": "2594", "type": "disease", "text": "Demographic , survival , response and toxicity data were recorded .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "2599", "type": "disease", "text": "The most common grade 3 / 4 toxicities were haematological : neutropenia 54 % and thrombocytopenia 51 % .", "entities": [ "toxicities", "neutropenia", "thrombocytopenia" ] }, { "id": "2603", "type": "disease", "text": "GEM - P is a salvage chemotherapy with relatively high response rates , leading to successful transplantation in appropriate patients , in the treatment of relapsed or refractory HL .", "entities": [ "HL" ] }, { "id": "2605", "type": "disease", "text": "RATIONALE : Ecstasy ( MDMA ) is a psychostimulant drug which is increasingly associated with psychobiological dysfunction .", "entities": [ "psychobiological dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2610", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Both user groups exhibited significantly greater levels of anxiety and depression than nonusers .", "entities": [ "anxiety", "depression" ] }, { "id": "2614", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : The increases in anxiety and depression are in line with previous observations in recreational ecstasy - polydrug users .", "entities": [ "anxiety", "depression" ] }, { "id": "2616", "type": "disease", "text": "Ifosfamide related encephalopathy : the need for a timely EEG evaluation .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2617", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent useful in the treatment of a wide range of cancers including sarcomas , lymphoma , gynecologic and testicular cancers .", "entities": [ "cancers", "sarcomas", "lymphoma", "gynecologic and testicular cancers" ] }, { "id": "2618", "type": "disease", "text": "Encephalopathy has been reported in 10 - 40 % of patients receiving high - dose IV ifosfamide .", "entities": [ "Encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2619", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : To highlight the role of electroencephalogram ( EEG ) in the early detection and management of ifosfamide related encephalopathy .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2620", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Retrospective chart review including clinical data and EEG recordings was done on five patients , admitted to MD Anderson Cancer Center between years 2009 and 2012 , who developed ifosfamide related acute encephalopathy .", "entities": [ "Cancer", "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2621", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : All five patients experienced symptoms of encephalopathy soon after ( within 12 h - 2 days ) receiving ifosfamide .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2622", "type": "disease", "text": "Two patients developed generalized convulsions while one patient developed continuous non - convulsive status epilepticus ( NCSE ) that required ICU admission and intubation .", "entities": [ "convulsions", "non - convulsive status epilepticus", "NCSE" ] }, { "id": "2626", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Severity of ifosfamide related encephalopathy correlates with EEG changes .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2627", "type": "disease", "text": "We suggest a timely EEG evaluation for patients receiving ifosfamide who develop features of encephalopathy .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2628", "type": "disease", "text": "Incidence of contrast - induced nephropathy in hospitalised patients with cancer .", "entities": [ "nephropathy", "cancer" ] }, { "id": "2629", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : To determine the frequency of and possible factors related to contrast - induced nephropathy ( CIN ) in hospitalised patients with cancer .", "entities": [ "nephropathy", "cancer" ] }, { "id": "2631", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with risk factors for acute renal failure were excluded .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "2638", "type": "disease", "text": "CIN was significantly more after treatment with bevacizumab / irinotecan ( P = 0 . 021 ) and in patients with hypertension ( P = 0 . 044 ) .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2640", "type": "disease", "text": "CIN developed 4 . 5 - times more frequently in patients with cancer who had undergone recent chemotherapy .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "2641", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypertension and the combination of bevacizumab / irinotecan may be additional risk factors for CIN development .", "entities": [ "Hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2643", "type": "disease", "text": "Contrast - induced nephropathy ( CIN ) is a concern for oncological patients undergoing CT .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2645", "type": "disease", "text": ". Hypertension and treatment with bevacizumab appear to be additional risk factors .", "entities": [ "Hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2646", "type": "disease", "text": "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion associated with desvenlafaxine .", "entities": [ "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone" ] }, { "id": "2647", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : To report a case of syndrome of inappropriate anti - diuretic hormone ( SIADH ) secretion associated with desvenlafaxine .", "entities": [ "syndrome of inappropriate anti - diuretic hormone", "SIADH" ] }, { "id": "2648", "type": "disease", "text": "CASE SUMMARY : A 57 - year old female with hyponatraemia .", "entities": [ "hyponatraemia" ] }, { "id": "2649", "type": "disease", "text": "Her medications included desvenlafaxine , and symptoms included nausea , anxiety and confusion .", "entities": [ "nausea", "anxiety", "confusion" ] }, { "id": "2650", "type": "disease", "text": "The serum sodium at this time was 120 mmol / L , serum osmolality was 263 mosmol / kg , urine osmolality 410 mosmol / kg and urine sodium 63 mmol / L , consistent with a diagnosis of SIADH .", "entities": [ "SIADH" ] }, { "id": "2654", "type": "disease", "text": "DISCUSSION : SIADH has been widely reported with a range of antidepressants .", "entities": [ "SIADH" ] }, { "id": "2655", "type": "disease", "text": "This case report suggests that desvenlafaxine might cause clinically significant hyponatremia .", "entities": [ "hyponatremia" ] }, { "id": "2656", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Clinicians should be aware of the potential for antidepressants to cause hyponatremia , and take appropriate corrective action where necessary .", "entities": [ "hyponatremia" ] }, { "id": "2657", "type": "disease", "text": "Oxidative stress on cardiotoxicity after treatment with single and multiple doses of doxorubicin .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2658", "type": "disease", "text": "The mechanism of doxorubicin ( DOX ) - induced cardiotoxicity remains controversial .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2662", "type": "disease", "text": "Single dose of DOX was associated with increased cardiac disarrangement , necrosis , and DNA damage ( strand breaks ( SBs ) and oxidized pyrimidines ) and decreased TAP .", "entities": [ "cardiac disarrangement", "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "2663", "type": "disease", "text": "The chronological study showed an effect of a cumulative dose on body weight ( R = - 0 . 99 , p = 0 . 011 ) , necrosis ( R = 1 . 00 , p = 0 . 004 ) , TAP ( R = 0 . 95 , p = 0 . 049 ) , and DNA SBs ( R = - 0 . 95 , p = 0 . 049 ) .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "2664", "type": "disease", "text": "DNA SBs damage was negatively associated with TAP ( R = - 0 . 98 , p = 0 . 018 ) , and necrosis ( R = - 0 . 97 , p = 0 . 027 ) .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "2665", "type": "disease", "text": "Our results suggest that oxidative damage is associated with acute cardiotoxicity induced by a single dose of DOX only .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2667", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus , different mechanisms may be involved in acute toxicity versus chronic toxicity .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "2668", "type": "disease", "text": "Tacrolimus - related seizure after pediatric liver transplantation - - a single - center experience .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "2669", "type": "disease", "text": "To identify the risk factors for new - onset seizures after pediatric LT and to assess their clinical implications and long - term prognosis .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2671", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients were divided into seizures group and a non - seizures group .", "entities": [ "seizures", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2673", "type": "disease", "text": "Seizures occurred in four children , an incidence of 14 . 8 % .", "entities": [ "Seizures" ] }, { "id": "2674", "type": "disease", "text": "All exhibited generalized tonic - clonic seizures within the first two wk after LT .", "entities": [ "tonic - clonic seizures" ] }, { "id": "2675", "type": "disease", "text": "Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors associated with seizures after pediatric LT included gender , pediatric end - stage liver disease score before surgery , Child - Pugh score before surgery , serum total bilirubin after surgery , and trough TAC level .", "entities": [ "seizures", "end - stage liver disease" ] }, { "id": "2676", "type": "disease", "text": "Multivariate analysis showed that trough TAC level was the only independent risk factor associated with the seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2677", "type": "disease", "text": "All children who experienced seizures survived with good graft function and remained seizure - free without anti - epileptic drugs over a mean follow - up period of 33 . 7 + 14 . 6 months .", "entities": [ "seizures", "seizure", "epileptic" ] }, { "id": "2678", "type": "disease", "text": "High trough TAC level was the predominant factor that contributed to seizures in the early post - operative period after pediatric LT .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2679", "type": "disease", "text": "High PELD and Child - Pugh scores before LT and high post - operative serum Tbil may be contributory risk factors for TAC - related seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2683", "type": "disease", "text": "Furthermore , apigenin did not prevent the amnesia induced by scopolamine ( 1mg / kg , i . p . , 30 min before the acquisition ) .", "entities": [ "amnesia" ] }, { "id": "2685", "type": "disease", "text": "In the saline treated group , the first significant decline in passive avoidance response was observed at four weeks , and complete memory loss was found five weeks after the acquisition of the passive avoidance task .", "entities": [ "memory loss" ] }, { "id": "2688", "type": "disease", "text": "Histamine antagonists and d - tubocurarine - induced hypotension in cardiac surgical patients .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "2698", "type": "disease", "text": "We have previously reported that CCK - 8 significantly alleviated morphine - induced amnesia and reversed spine density decreases in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in morphine - treated animals .", "entities": [ "amnesia" ] }, { "id": "2704", "type": "disease", "text": "The present results demonstrate that CCK - 8 attenuates the effect of morphine on hippocampal LTP through CCK2 receptors and suggest an ameliorative function of CCK - 8 on morphine - induced memory impairment .", "entities": [ "memory impairment" ] }, { "id": "2705", "type": "disease", "text": "Glial activation and post - synaptic neurotoxicity : the key events in Streptozotocin ( ICV ) induced memory impairment in rats .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity", "memory impairment" ] }, { "id": "2706", "type": "disease", "text": "In the present study the role of glial activation and post synaptic toxicity in ICV Streptozotocin ( STZ ) induced memory impaired rats was explored .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "memory impaired" ] }, { "id": "2707", "type": "disease", "text": "In experiment set up 1 : Memory deficit was found in Morris water maze test on 14 - 16 days after STZ ( ICV ; 3mg / Kg ) administration .", "entities": [ "Memory deficit" ] }, { "id": "2708", "type": "disease", "text": "STZ causes increased expression of GFAP , CD11b and TNF - a indicating glial activation and neuroinflammation .", "entities": [ "neuroinflammation" ] }, { "id": "2709", "type": "disease", "text": "STZ also significantly increased the level of ROS , nitrite , Ca ( 2 + ) and reduced the mitochondrial activity in synaptosomal preparation illustrating free radical generation and excitotoxicity .", "entities": [ "excitotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2711", "type": "disease", "text": "STZ treatment showed decrease expression of post synaptic markers CaMKIIa and PSD - 95 , while , expression of pre synaptic markers ( synaptophysin and SNAP - 25 ) remains unaltered indicating selective post synaptic neurotoxicity .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2712", "type": "disease", "text": "Oral treatment with Memantine ( 10mg / kg ) and Ibuprofen ( 50 mg / kg ) daily for 13 days attenuated STZ induced glial activation , apoptotic cell death and post synaptic neurotoxicity in rat brain .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2716", "type": "disease", "text": "Collective data indicates that neuroinflammatory process and oxidative stress occurs earlier to apoptosis and does not affect memory function .", "entities": [ "neuroinflammatory" ] }, { "id": "2717", "type": "disease", "text": "Present study clearly suggests that glial activation and post synaptic neurotoxicity are the key factors in STZ induced memory impairment and neuronal cell death .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity", "memory impairment" ] }, { "id": "2718", "type": "disease", "text": "Comparison of effects of isotonic sodium chloride with diltiazem in prevention of contrast - induced nephropathy .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2719", "type": "disease", "text": "INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE : Contrast - induced nephropathy ( CIN ) significantly increases the morbidity and mortality of patients .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "2727", "type": "disease", "text": "Among a total of 60 patients included in the study , 16 patients developed acute renal failure ( ARF ) on the second day after contrast material was injected ( 26 . 6 % ) .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure", "ARF" ] }, { "id": "2728", "type": "disease", "text": "The number of patients who developed ARF on the second day after the injection in the first group was five ( 25 % ) , in the second group was six ( 30 % ) and the third group was five ( 25 % ) ( p > 0 . 05 ) .", "entities": [ "ARF" ] }, { "id": "2730", "type": "disease", "text": "Neurocognitive and neuroradiologic central nervous system late effects in children treated on Pediatric Oncology Group ( POG ) P9605 ( standard risk ) and P9201 ( lesser risk ) acute lymphoblastic leukemia protocols ( ACCL0131 ) : a methotrexate consequence ?", "entities": [ "acute lymphoblastic leukemia" ] }, { "id": "2732", "type": "disease", "text": "Concerns about long - term methotrexate ( MTX ) neurotoxicity in the 1990s led to modifications in intrathecal ( IT ) therapy , leucovorin rescue , and frequency of systemic MTX administration in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity", "acute lymphoblastic leukemia" ] }, { "id": "2733", "type": "disease", "text": "In this study , neurocognitive outcomes and neuroradiologic evidence of leukoencephalopathy were compared in children treated with intense central nervous system ( CNS ) - directed therapy ( P9605 ) versus those receiving fewer CNS - directed treatment days during intensive consolidation ( P9201 ) .", "entities": [ "leukoencephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2734", "type": "disease", "text": "A total of 66 children from 16 Pediatric Oncology Group institutions with \" standard - risk \" acute lymphoblastic leukemia , 1 . 00 to 9 . 99 years at diagnosis , without evidence of CNS leukemia at diagnosis were enrolled on ACCL0131 : 28 from P9201 and 38 from P9605 .", "entities": [ "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "leukemia" ] }, { "id": "2736", "type": "disease", "text": "Significantly more P9605 patients developed leukoencephalopathy compared with P9201 patients ( 68 % , 95 % confidence interval 49 % - 83 % vs . 22 % , 95 % confidence interval 5 % - 44 % ; P = 0 . 001 ) identified as late as 7 . 7 years after the end of treatment .", "entities": [ "leukoencephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2738", "type": "disease", "text": "Children on both studies had significant attention problems , but P9605 children scored below average on more neurocognitive measures than those treated on P9201 ( 82 % , 14 / 17 measures vs . 24 % , 4 / 17 measures ) .", "entities": [ "attention problems" ] }, { "id": "2740", "type": "disease", "text": "Tranexamic acid overdosage - induced generalized seizure in renal failure .", "entities": [ "seizure", "renal failure" ] }, { "id": "2741", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a 45 - year - old lady with chronic kidney disease stage 4 due to chronic tubulointerstial disease .", "entities": [ "chronic kidney disease", "tubulointerstial disease" ] }, { "id": "2742", "type": "disease", "text": "She was admitted to our center for severe anemia due to menorrhagia and deterioration of renal function .", "entities": [ "anemia", "menorrhagia", "deterioration of renal function" ] }, { "id": "2744", "type": "disease", "text": "Tranexamic acid ( TNA ) 1 g 8 - hourly was administered to her to control bleeding per vaginum .", "entities": [ "bleeding" ] }, { "id": "2745", "type": "disease", "text": "Two hours after the sixth dose of TNA , she had an episode of generalized tonic clonic convulsions .", "entities": [ "tonic clonic convulsions" ] }, { "id": "2747", "type": "disease", "text": "Investigations of the patient revealed no biochemical or structural central nervous system abnormalities that could have provoked the convulsions .", "entities": [ "nervous system abnormalities", "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "2749", "type": "disease", "text": "She had no further episodes of convulsion till dis - charge and during the two months of follow - up .", "entities": [ "convulsion" ] }, { "id": "2750", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus , the precipitating cause of convulsions was believed to be an overdose of TNA .", "entities": [ "convulsions", "overdose" ] }, { "id": "2751", "type": "disease", "text": "Pre - treatment of bupivacaine - induced cardiovascular depression using different lipid formulations of propofol .", "entities": [ "cardiovascular depression" ] }, { "id": "2752", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Pre - treatment with lipid emulsions has been shown to increase lethal doses of bupivacaine , and the lipid content of propofol may alleviate bupivacaine - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2753", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of propofol in intralipid or medialipid emulsions on bupivacaine - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2756", "type": "disease", "text": "We recorded time to first dysrhythmia occurrence , respective times to 25 % and 50 % reduction of the heart rate ( HR ) and mean arterial pressure , and time to asystole and total amount of bupivacaine consumption .", "entities": [ "dysrhythmia", "asystole" ] }, { "id": "2757", "type": "disease", "text": "Blood and tissue samples were collected following asystole .", "entities": [ "asystole" ] }, { "id": "2758", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : The time to first dysrhythmia occurrence , time to 25 % and 50 % reductions in HR , and time to asystole were longer in Group P than the other groups .", "entities": [ "dysrhythmia", "asystole" ] }, { "id": "2760", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : We conclude that pre - treatment with propofol in intralipid , compared with propofol in medialipid or saline , delayed the onset of bupivacaine - induced cardiotoxic effects as well as reduced plasma bupivacaine levels .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxic" ] }, { "id": "2762", "type": "disease", "text": "Drug - Induced Acute Liver Injury Within 12 Hours After Fluvastatin Therapy .", "entities": [ "Drug - Induced Acute Liver Injury" ] }, { "id": "2763", "type": "disease", "text": "Although statins are generally well - tolerated drugs , recent cases of drug - induced liver injury associated with their use have been reported .", "entities": [ "drug - induced liver injury" ] }, { "id": "2764", "type": "disease", "text": "A 52 - year - old Chinese man reported with liver damage , which appeared 12 hours after beginning treatment with fluvastatin .", "entities": [ "liver damage" ] }, { "id": "2765", "type": "disease", "text": "Patient presented with complaints of increasing nausea , anorexia , and upper abdominal pain .", "entities": [ "nausea", "anorexia", "abdominal pain" ] }, { "id": "2769", "type": "disease", "text": "Therefore , when prescribing statins , the possibility of hepatic damage should be taken into account .", "entities": [ "hepatic damage" ] }, { "id": "2770", "type": "disease", "text": "Fluconazole associated agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia .", "entities": [ "agranulocytosis", "thrombocytopenia" ] }, { "id": "2771", "type": "disease", "text": "CASE : We describe a second case of fluconazole associated agranulocytosis with thrombocytopenia and recovery upon discontinuation of therapy .", "entities": [ "agranulocytosis", "thrombocytopenia" ] }, { "id": "2773", "type": "disease", "text": "This case highlights that drug - induced blood dyscrasias can occur unexpectedly as a result of treatment with a commonly used drug thought to be \" safe \" .", "entities": [ "blood dyscrasias" ] }, { "id": "2774", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : According to Naranjo ' s algorithm the likelihood that our patient ' s agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia occurred as a result of therapy with fluconazole is probable , with a total of six points .", "entities": [ "agranulocytosis", "thrombocytopenia" ] }, { "id": "2776", "type": "disease", "text": "In particular the temporal relationship of bone marrow suppression to the initiation of fluconazole and the abatement of symptoms that rapidly reversed immediately following discontinuation .", "entities": [ "bone marrow suppression" ] }, { "id": "2777", "type": "disease", "text": "Two - dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography combined with high - sensitive cardiac troponin T in early detection and prediction of cardiotoxicity during epirubicine - based chemotherapy .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2778", "type": "disease", "text": "AIMS : To investigate whether alterations of myocardial strain and high - sensitive cardiac troponin T ( cTnT ) could predict future cardiac dysfunction in patients after epirubicin exposure .", "entities": [ "myocardial strain", "cardiac dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2779", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Seventy - five patients with non - Hodgkin lymphoma treated with epirubicin were studied .", "entities": [ "non - Hodgkin lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "2784", "type": "disease", "text": "Cardiotoxicity was defined as a reduction of the LVEF of > 5 % to < 55 % with symptoms of heart failure or an asymptomatic reduction of the LVEF of > 10 % to < 55 % .", "entities": [ "Cardiotoxicity", "heart failure" ] }, { "id": "2785", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Fourteen patients ( 18 . 67 % ) developed cardiotoxicity after treatment .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2787", "type": "disease", "text": "A > 15 . 9 % decrease in GLS [ sensitivity , 86 % ; specificity , 75 % ; area under the curve ( AUC ) = 0 . 815 ; P = 0 . 001 ] and a > 0 . 004 ng / mL elevation in cTnT ( sensitivity , 79 % ; specificity , 64 % ; AUC = 0 . 757 ; P = 0 . 005 ) from baseline to the third cycle of chemotherapy predicted later cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2788", "type": "disease", "text": "The decrease in GLS remained the only independent predictor of cardiotoxicity ( P = 0 . 000 ) .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2789", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : GLS combined with cTnT may provide a reliable and non - invasive method to predict cardiac dysfunction in patients receiving anthracycline - based chemotherapy .", "entities": [ "cardiac dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2790", "type": "disease", "text": "Prevention of etomidate - induced myoclonus : which is superior : Fentanyl , midazolam , or a combination ?", "entities": [ "myoclonus" ] }, { "id": "2792", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : In this retrospective comparative study , we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl , midazolam , and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate - induced myoclonus .", "entities": [ "myoclonus" ] }, { "id": "2796", "type": "disease", "text": "Myoclonic movements are evaluated , which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection .", "entities": [ "Myoclonic movements" ] }, { "id": "2797", "type": "disease", "text": "The severity of pain due to etomidate injection , mean arterial pressure , heart rate , and adverse effects were also evaluated .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "2798", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85 % , 40 % , 70 % , and 25 % in Group NP , Group F , Group M , and Group FM , respectively , and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM .", "entities": [ "myoclonus" ] }, { "id": "2799", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate - induced myoclonus .", "entities": [ "myoclonus" ] }, { "id": "2801", "type": "disease", "text": "Lindane ( gamma - hexachlorocyclohexane ) is an organochlorine insecticide with known neurotoxic effects .", "entities": [ "neurotoxic" ] }, { "id": "2803", "type": "disease", "text": "We studied the effect of lindane ( 150 mg / kg ) on the GABAergic and dopaminergic systems by measuring the concentration of GABA , dopamine and its metabolites in 7 brain areas at the onset of seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2804", "type": "disease", "text": "All animals suffered tonic convulsions at 18 . 3 + / - 1 . 4 min after lindane administration .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "2807", "type": "disease", "text": "Cholestatic presentation of yellow phosphorus poisoning .", "entities": [ "Cholestatic", "poisoning" ] }, { "id": "2808", "type": "disease", "text": "Yellow phosphorus , a component of certain pesticide pastes and fireworks , is well known to cause hepatotoxicity .", "entities": [ "hepatotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2809", "type": "disease", "text": "Poisoning with yellow phosphorus classically manifests with acute hepatitis leading to acute liver failure which may need liver transplantation .", "entities": [ "Poisoning", "acute hepatitis", "acute liver failure" ] }, { "id": "2810", "type": "disease", "text": "We present a case of yellow phosphorus poisoning in which a patient presented with florid clinical features of cholestasis highlighting the fact that cholestasis can rarely be a presenting feature of yellow phosphorus hepatotoxicity .", "entities": [ "poisoning", "cholestasis", "cholestasis", "hepatotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2811", "type": "disease", "text": "Vasovagal syncope and severe bradycardia following intranasal dexmedetomidine for pediatric procedural sedation .", "entities": [ "Vasovagal syncope", "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "2812", "type": "disease", "text": "We report syncope and bradycardia in an 11 - year - old girl following administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation for a voiding cystourethrogram .", "entities": [ "syncope", "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "2816", "type": "disease", "text": "The primary abnormality found was persistent bradycardia , and she was admitted to the hospital for telemetric observation .", "entities": [ "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "2817", "type": "disease", "text": "The bradycardia lasted ~ 2 h , and further cardiac workup revealed no underlying abnormality .", "entities": [ "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "2819", "type": "disease", "text": "Paradoxical severe agitation induced by add - on high - doses quetiapine in schizo - affective disorder .", "entities": [ "agitation", "schizo - affective disorder" ] }, { "id": "2820", "type": "disease", "text": "We report the case of a 35 - year - old patient suffering from schizo - affective disorder since the age of 19 years , treated by a combination of first - generation antipsychotics , zuclopenthixol ( 100 mg / day ) and lithium ( 1200 mg / day ) ( serum lithium = 0 . 85 mEq / l ) .", "entities": [ "schizo - affective disorder" ] }, { "id": "2821", "type": "disease", "text": "This patient had no associated personality disorder ( particularly no antisocial disorder ) and no substance abuse disorder .", "entities": [ "personality disorder", "antisocial disorder", "substance abuse disorder" ] }, { "id": "2822", "type": "disease", "text": "Within the 48 h following the gradual introduction of quetiapine ( up to 600 mg / day ) , the patient presented severe agitation without an environmental explanation , contrasting with the absence of a history of aggressiveness or personality disorder .", "entities": [ "agitation", "aggressiveness", "personality disorder" ] }, { "id": "2823", "type": "disease", "text": "The diagnoses of manic shift and akathisia were dismissed .", "entities": [ "manic", "akathisia" ] }, { "id": "2824", "type": "disease", "text": "The withdrawal and the gradual reintroduction of quetiapine 2 weeks later , which led to another severe agitation , enabled us to attribute the agitation specifically to quetiapine .", "entities": [ "agitation", "agitation" ] }, { "id": "2825", "type": "disease", "text": "Antioxidant effects of bovine lactoferrin on dexamethasone - induced hypertension in rat .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2826", "type": "disease", "text": "Dexamethasone - ( Dex - ) induced hypertension is associated with enhanced oxidative stress .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2828", "type": "disease", "text": "In this study , we investigated the effect of chronic administration of LF on oxidative stress and hypertension upon Dex administration .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2836", "type": "disease", "text": "LF lowered ( P < 0 . 01 ) and dose dependently prevented ( P < 0 . 001 ) Dex - induced hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2837", "type": "disease", "text": "LF prevented body weight loss and significantly reduced the elevated plasma H2O2 and increased FRAP values .", "entities": [ "weight loss" ] }, { "id": "2838", "type": "disease", "text": "Chronic administration of LF strongly reduced the blood pressure and production of ROS and improved antioxidant capacity in Dex - induced hypertension , suggesting the role of inhibition of oxidative stress as another mechanism of antihypertensive action of LF .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2839", "type": "disease", "text": "The association between tranexamic acid and convulsive seizures after cardiac surgery : a multivariate analysis in 11 529 patients .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2840", "type": "disease", "text": "Because of a lack of contemporary data regarding seizures after cardiac surgery , we undertook a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 11 529 patients in whom cardiopulmonary bypass was used from January 2004 to December 2010 .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2841", "type": "disease", "text": "A convulsive seizure was defined as a transient episode of disturbed brain function characterised by abnormal involuntary motor movements .", "entities": [ "seizure", "abnormal involuntary motor movements" ] }, { "id": "2842", "type": "disease", "text": "Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of postoperative seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2843", "type": "disease", "text": "A total of 100 ( 0 . 9 % ) patients developed postoperative convulsive seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2844", "type": "disease", "text": "Generalised and focal seizures were identified in 68 and 32 patients , respectively .", "entities": [ "Generalised and focal seizures" ] }, { "id": "2845", "type": "disease", "text": "The median ( IQR [ range ] ) time after surgery when the seizure occurred was 7 ( 6 - 12 [ 1 - 216 ] ) h and 8 ( 6 - 11 [ 4 - 18 ] ) h , respectively .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "2847", "type": "disease", "text": "Independent predictors of postoperative seizures included age , female sex , redo cardiac surgery , calcification of ascending aorta , congestive heart failure , deep hypothermic circulatory arrest , duration of aortic cross - clamp and tranexamic acid .", "entities": [ "seizures", "congestive heart failure", "hypothermic" ] }, { "id": "2848", "type": "disease", "text": "When tested in a multivariate regression analysis , tranexamic acid was a strong independent predictor of seizures ( OR 14 . 3 , 95 % CI 5 . 5 - 36 . 7 ; p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2849", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with convulsive seizures had 2 . 5 times higher in - hospital mortality rates and twice the length of hospital stay compared with patients without convulsive seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2850", "type": "disease", "text": "Mean ( IQR [ range ] ) length of stay in the intensive care unit was 115 ( 49 - 228 [ 32 - 481 ] ) h in patients with convulsive seizures compared with 26 ( 22 - 69 [ 14 - 1080 ] ) h in patients without seizures ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entities": [ "seizures", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2851", "type": "disease", "text": "Convulsive seizures are a serious postoperative complication after cardiac surgery .", "entities": [ "seizures", "postoperative complication" ] }, { "id": "2852", "type": "disease", "text": "As tranexamic acid is the only modifiable factor , its administration , particularly in doses exceeding 80 mg . kg ( - 1 ) , should be weighed against the risk of postoperative seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "2853", "type": "disease", "text": "Dysfunctional overnight memory consolidation in ecstasy users .", "entities": [ "Dysfunctional overnight memory" ] }, { "id": "2855", "type": "disease", "text": "Previous studies indicate that ecstasy users have marked and persistent neurocognitive and sleep - related impairments .", "entities": [ "sleep - related impairments" ] }, { "id": "2859", "type": "disease", "text": "Ecstasy users demonstrated impaired overnight memory consolidation , a finding that was more pronounced following associative interference .", "entities": [ "impaired overnight memory" ] }, { "id": "2861", "type": "disease", "text": "We suggest that ecstasy - associated dysfunction in fronto - temporal circuitry may underlie overnight consolidation memory impairments in regular ecstasy users .", "entities": [ "memory impairments" ] }, { "id": "2862", "type": "disease", "text": "Normoammonemic encephalopathy : solely valproate induced or multiple mechanisms ?", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2863", "type": "disease", "text": "A 77 - year - old woman presented with subacute onset progressive confusion , aggression , auditory hallucinations and delusions .", "entities": [ "confusion", "aggression", "auditory hallucinations", "delusions" ] }, { "id": "2864", "type": "disease", "text": "In the preceding months , the patient had a number of admissions with transient unilateral hemiparesis with facial droop , and had been started on valproate for presumed hemiplegic migraine .", "entities": [ "hemiparesis", "hemiplegic migraine" ] }, { "id": "2867", "type": "disease", "text": "EEG undertaken during inpatient stay showed changes consistent with encephalopathy , and low titre N - methyl - D - aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor antibodies were present in this patient .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2868", "type": "disease", "text": "The possible aetiologies of valproate - induced encephalopathy and NMDA receptor - associated encephalitis present a diagnostic dilemma .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy", "encephalitis" ] }, { "id": "2870", "type": "disease", "text": "Cerebellar and oculomotor dysfunction induced by rapid infusion of pethidine .", "entities": [ "Cerebellar and oculomotor dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2871", "type": "disease", "text": "Pethidine is an opioid that gains its popularity for the effective pain control through acting on the opioid - receptors .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "2872", "type": "disease", "text": "However , rapid pain relief sometimes brings about unfavourable side effects that largely limit its clinical utility .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "2873", "type": "disease", "text": "Common side effects include nausea , vomiting and hypotension .", "entities": [ "nausea", "vomiting", "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "2874", "type": "disease", "text": "In patients with impaired renal and liver function , and those who need long - term pain control , pethidine may cause excitatory central nervous system ( CNS ) effects through its neurotoxic metabolite , norpethidine , resulting in irritability and seizure attack .", "entities": [ "impaired renal and liver function", "pain", "neurotoxic", "irritability", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "2876", "type": "disease", "text": "In this case report , we highlight opioid ' s inhibitory side effects on the cerebellar structure that causes dysmetria , dysarthria , reduced smooth pursuit gain and decreased saccadic velocity .", "entities": [ "dysmetria", "dysarthria" ] }, { "id": "2877", "type": "disease", "text": "Baboon syndrome induced by ketoconazole .", "entities": [ "Baboon syndrome" ] }, { "id": "2878", "type": "disease", "text": "A 27 - year - old male patient presented with a maculopapular eruption on the flexural areas and buttocks after using oral ketoconazole .", "entities": [ "maculopapular eruption" ] }, { "id": "2879", "type": "disease", "text": "The patient was diagnosed with drug - induced baboon syndrome based on his history , which included prior sensitivity to topical ketoconazole , a physical examination , and histopathological findings .", "entities": [ "baboon syndrome" ] }, { "id": "2880", "type": "disease", "text": "Baboon syndrome is a drug - or contact allergen - related maculopapular eruption that typically involves the flexural and gluteal areas .", "entities": [ "Baboon syndrome", "maculopapular eruption" ] }, { "id": "2881", "type": "disease", "text": "To the best of our knowledge , this is the first reported case of ketoconazole - induced baboon syndrome in the English literature .", "entities": [ "baboon syndrome" ] }, { "id": "2882", "type": "disease", "text": "A Case of Sudden Cardiac Death due to Pilsicainide - Induced Torsades de Pointes .", "entities": [ "Sudden Cardiac Death", "Torsades de Pointes" ] }, { "id": "2883", "type": "disease", "text": "An 84 - year - old male received oral pilsicainide , a pure sodium channel blocker with slow recovery kinetics , to convert his paroxysmal atrial fibrillation to a sinus rhythm ; the patient developed sudden cardiac death two days later .", "entities": [ "atrial fibrillation", "sudden cardiac death" ] }, { "id": "2884", "type": "disease", "text": "The Holter electrocardiogram , which was worn by chance , revealed torsade de pointes with gradually prolonged QT intervals .", "entities": [ "torsade de pointes" ] }, { "id": "2886", "type": "disease", "text": "Although the patient ' s renal function was not highly impaired and the dose of pilsicainide was low , the plasma concentration of pilsicainide may have been high , which can produce torsades de pointes in the octogenarian .", "entities": [ "torsades de pointes" ] }, { "id": "2887", "type": "disease", "text": "Although the oral administration of class IC drugs , including pilsicainide , is effective to terminate atrial fibrillation , careful consideration must be taken before giving these drugs to octogenarians .", "entities": [ "atrial fibrillation" ] }, { "id": "2888", "type": "disease", "text": "All - trans retinoic acid - induced inflammatory myositis in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia .", "entities": [ "myositis", "acute promyelocytic leukemia" ] }, { "id": "2889", "type": "disease", "text": "All - trans retinoic acid ( ATRA ) , a component of standard therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia ( APL ) , is associated with potentially serious but treatable adverse effects involving numerous organ systems , including rare skeletal muscle involvement .", "entities": [ "acute promyelocytic leukemia", "APL" ] }, { "id": "2890", "type": "disease", "text": "Only a handful of cases of ATRA - induced myositis in children have been reported , and none in the radiology literature .", "entities": [ "myositis" ] }, { "id": "2891", "type": "disease", "text": "We present such a case in a 15 - year - old boy with APL , where recognition of imaging findings played a crucial role in making the diagnosis and facilitated prompt , effective treatment .", "entities": [ "APL" ] }, { "id": "2892", "type": "disease", "text": "Tolerability of lomustine in combination with cyclophosphamide in dogs with lymphoma .", "entities": [ "lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "2893", "type": "disease", "text": "This retrospective study describes toxicity associated with a protocol of lomustine ( CCNU ) and cyclophosphamide ( CTX ) in dogs with lymphoma .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "2896", "type": "disease", "text": "Neutropenia was the principal toxic effect , and the overall frequency of grade 4 neutropenia after the first treatment of CCNU / CTX was 30 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 19 - 43 % ) .", "entities": [ "Neutropenia", "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "2897", "type": "disease", "text": "The mean body weight of dogs with grade 4 neutropenia ( 19 . 7 kg + 13 . 4 kg ) was significantly less than the mean body weight of dogs that did not develop grade 4 neutropenia ( 31 . 7 kg + 12 . 4 kg ; P = . 005 ) .", "entities": [ "neutropenia", "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "2898", "type": "disease", "text": "One dog ( 3 % ) developed hematologic changes suggestive of hepatotoxicity .", "entities": [ "hepatotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2899", "type": "disease", "text": "No dogs had evidence of either renal toxicity or hemorrhagic cystitis .", "entities": [ "renal toxicity", "hemorrhagic cystitis" ] }, { "id": "2901", "type": "disease", "text": "On the basis of the findings reported herein , a dose of 60 mg / m ( 2 ) of CCNU combined with 250 mg / m ( 2 ) of CTX ( divided over 5 days ) q 4 wk is tolerable in tumor - bearing dogs .", "entities": [ "tumor" ] }, { "id": "2902", "type": "disease", "text": "Nelarabine neurotoxicity with concurrent intrathecal chemotherapy : Case report and review of literature .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2903", "type": "disease", "text": "Severe nelarabine neurotoxicity in a patient who received concurrent intrathecal ( IT ) chemotherapy is reported .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2904", "type": "disease", "text": "A 37 - year - old Caucasian woman with a history of T - cell lymphoblastic lymphoma was admitted for relapsed disease .", "entities": [ "T - cell lymphoblastic lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "2906", "type": "disease", "text": "She developed relapsed disease 10 months later with leukemic involvement .", "entities": [ "leukemic" ] }, { "id": "2908", "type": "disease", "text": "At the time of treatment , she was on continuous renal replacement therapy due to sequelae of tumor lysis syndrome ( TLS ) .", "entities": [ "tumor lysis syndrome", "TLS" ] }, { "id": "2912", "type": "disease", "text": "Predominantly sensory , though also motor and autonomic , peripheral neuropathy started in her feet , ascended proximally to the mid - thoracic region , and eventually included her distal upper extremities .", "entities": [ "peripheral neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "2915", "type": "disease", "text": "Her neuropathy stabilized and showed slight improvement and ultimately received an unrelated , reduced - intensity allogeneic transplant while in complete remission , but relapsed disease 10 weeks later .", "entities": [ "neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "2917", "type": "disease", "text": "To our knowledge , this is the first published case report of severe neurotoxicity caused by nelarabine in a patient who received concurrent IT chemotherapy .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2918", "type": "disease", "text": "Valproate - induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in a renal transplanted patient .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2919", "type": "disease", "text": "Neurological complications after renal transplantation constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality .", "entities": [ "Neurological complications" ] }, { "id": "2921", "type": "disease", "text": "Valproate - induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy is an uncommon but serious effect of valproate treatment .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "2922", "type": "disease", "text": "Here , we describe the case of a 15 - year - old girl who was on a long - term therapy with valproate due to epilepsy and revealed impaired consciousness with hyperammonemia 12 days after renal transplantation .", "entities": [ "epilepsy", "impaired consciousness", "hyperammonemia" ] }, { "id": "2925", "type": "disease", "text": "Necrotising fasciitis after bortezomib and dexamethasone - containing regimen in an elderly patient of Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia .", "entities": [ "Necrotising fasciitis", "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia" ] }, { "id": "2926", "type": "disease", "text": "Bortezomib and high - dose dexamethasone - containing regimens are considered to be generally tolerable with few severe bacterial infections in patients with B - cell malignancies .", "entities": [ "bacterial infections", "malignancies" ] }, { "id": "2928", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case of a 76 - year - old man with Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia who suffered necrotising fasciitis without neutropenia after the combination treatment with bortezomib , high - dose dexamethasone and rituximab .", "entities": [ "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia", "necrotising fasciitis", "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "2930", "type": "disease", "text": "Physicians should recognise the possibility of fatal bacterial infections related to bortezomib plus high - dose dexamethasone in elderly patients , and we believe this case warrants further investigation .", "entities": [ "bacterial infections" ] }, { "id": "2931", "type": "disease", "text": "An integrated characterization of serological , pathological , and functional events in doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "2932", "type": "disease", "text": "Many efficacious cancer treatments cause significant cardiac morbidity , yet biomarkers or functional indices of early damage , which would allow monitoring and intervention , are lacking .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "2933", "type": "disease", "text": "In this study , we have utilized a rat model of progressive doxorubicin ( DOX ) - induced cardiomyopathy , applying multiple approaches , including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) , to provide the most comprehensive characterization to date of the timecourse of serological , pathological , and functional events underlying this toxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiomyopathy", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "2935", "type": "disease", "text": "Electron microscopy of the myocardium revealed subcellular degeneration and marked mitochondrial changes after a single dose .", "entities": [ "subcellular degeneration" ] }, { "id": "2936", "type": "disease", "text": "Histopathological analysis revealed progressive cardiomyocyte degeneration , hypertrophy / cytomegaly , and extensive vacuolation after two doses .", "entities": [ "cardiomyocyte degeneration", "hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "2937", "type": "disease", "text": "Extensive replacement fibrosis ( quantified by Sirius red staining ) developed during the off - dosing period .", "entities": [ "fibrosis" ] }, { "id": "2938", "type": "disease", "text": "Functional indices assessed by cardiac MRI ( including left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) , cardiac output , and E / A ratio ) declined progressively , reaching statistical significance after two doses and culminating in \" clinical \" LV dysfunction by 12 weeks .", "entities": [ "LV dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2940", "type": "disease", "text": "Troponin I levels positively correlated with delayed and peak gadolinium contrast enhancement , histopathological grading , and diastolic dysfunction .", "entities": [ "diastolic dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2941", "type": "disease", "text": "In summary , subcellular cardiomyocyte degeneration was the earliest marker , followed by progressive functional decline and histopathological manifestations .", "entities": [ "cardiomyocyte degeneration" ] }, { "id": "2943", "type": "disease", "text": "However , all indices predated \" clinical \" LV dysfunction and thus warrant further evaluation as predictive biomarkers .", "entities": [ "LV dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2944", "type": "disease", "text": "Intradermal glutamate and capsaicin injections : intra - and interindividual variability of provoked hyperalgesia and allodynia .", "entities": [ "hyperalgesia", "allodynia" ] }, { "id": "2945", "type": "disease", "text": "Intradermal injections of glutamate and capsaicin are attractive to use in human experimental pain models because hyperalgesia and allodynia mimic isolated aspects of clinical pain disorders .", "entities": [ "pain", "hyperalgesia", "allodynia", "pain disorders" ] }, { "id": "2948", "type": "disease", "text": "Magnitudes of secondary pinprick hyperalgesia and brush - evoked allodynia were investigated using von Frey filaments ( gauges 10 , 15 , 60 and 100 g ) and brush strokes .", "entities": [ "hyperalgesia", "allodynia" ] }, { "id": "2949", "type": "disease", "text": "Areas of secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia were quantified immediately after injection and after 15 , 30 and 60 min .", "entities": [ "secondary hyperalgesia", "allodynia" ] }, { "id": "2952", "type": "disease", "text": "Secondary pinprick hyperalgesia was observed as a marked increase in the visual analogue scale ( VAS ) response to von Frey gauges 60 and 100 g ( P < 0 . 001 ) after glutamate injection .", "entities": [ "hyperalgesia" ] }, { "id": "2953", "type": "disease", "text": "For capsaicin , secondary pinprick hyperalgesia was detected with all von Frey gauges ( P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entities": [ "hyperalgesia" ] }, { "id": "2955", "type": "disease", "text": "Capsaicin injection was reproducible for secondary hyperalgesia ( ICC > 0 . 70 ) and allodynia ( ICC > 0 . 71 ) .", "entities": [ "secondary hyperalgesia", "allodynia" ] }, { "id": "2956", "type": "disease", "text": "Intra - individual variability was generally lower for the VAS response to von Frey and brush compared with areas of secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia .", "entities": [ "secondary hyperalgesia", "allodynia" ] }, { "id": "2957", "type": "disease", "text": "In conclusion , glutamate and capsaicin yield reproducible hyperalgesic and allodynic responses , and the present model is well suited for basic research , as well as for assessing the modulation of central phenomena .", "entities": [ "hyperalgesic", "allodynic" ] }, { "id": "2958", "type": "disease", "text": "Ocular - specific ER stress reduction rescues glaucoma in murine glucocorticoid - induced glaucoma .", "entities": [ "glaucoma", "glaucoma" ] }, { "id": "2959", "type": "disease", "text": "Administration of glucocorticoids induces ocular hypertension in some patients .", "entities": [ "ocular hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2960", "type": "disease", "text": "If untreated , these patients can develop a secondary glaucoma that resembles primary open - angle glaucoma ( POAG ) .", "entities": [ "glaucoma", "primary open - angle glaucoma", "POAG" ] }, { "id": "2961", "type": "disease", "text": "The underlying pathology of glucocorticoid - induced glaucoma is not fully understood , due in part to lack of an appropriate animal model .", "entities": [ "glaucoma" ] }, { "id": "2962", "type": "disease", "text": "Here , we developed a murine model of glucocorticoid - induced glaucoma that exhibits glaucoma features that are observed in patients .", "entities": [ "glaucoma", "glaucoma" ] }, { "id": "2963", "type": "disease", "text": "Treatment of WT mice with topical ocular 0 . 1 % dexamethasone led to elevation of intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , functional and structural loss of retinal ganglion cells , and axonal degeneration , resembling glucocorticoid - induced glaucoma in human patients .", "entities": [ "retinal ganglion", "axonal degeneration", "glaucoma" ] }, { "id": "2964", "type": "disease", "text": "Furthermore , dexamethasone - induced ocular hypertension was associated with chronic ER stress of the trabecular meshwork ( TM ) .", "entities": [ "ocular hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2966", "type": "disease", "text": "Dexamethasone induced the transcriptional factor CHOP , a marker for chronic ER stress , in the anterior segment tissues , and Chop deletion reduced ER stress in these tissues and prevented dexamethasone - induced ocular hypertension .", "entities": [ "ocular hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2967", "type": "disease", "text": "Furthermore , reduction of ER stress in the TM with sodium 4 - phenylbutyrate prevented dexamethasone - induced ocular hypertension in WT mice .", "entities": [ "ocular hypertension" ] }, { "id": "2968", "type": "disease", "text": "Our data indicate that ER stress contributes to glucocorticoid - induced ocular hypertension and suggest that reducing ER stress has potential as a therapeutic strategy for treating glucocorticoid - induced glaucoma .", "entities": [ "ocular hypertension", "glaucoma" ] }, { "id": "2969", "type": "disease", "text": "Effects of ginsenosides on opioid - induced hyperalgesia in mice .", "entities": [ "hyperalgesia" ] }, { "id": "2970", "type": "disease", "text": "Opioid - induced hyperalgesia ( OIH ) is characterized by nociceptive sensitization caused by the cessation of chronic opioid use .", "entities": [ "hyperalgesia", "OIH" ] }, { "id": "2971", "type": "disease", "text": "OIH can limit the clinical use of opioid analgesics and complicate withdrawal from opioid addiction .", "entities": [ "OIH", "opioid addiction" ] }, { "id": "2972", "type": "disease", "text": "In this study , we investigated the effects of Re , Rg1 , and Rb1 ginsenosides , the bioactive components of ginseng , on OIH .", "entities": [ "OIH" ] }, { "id": "2973", "type": "disease", "text": "OIH was achieved in mice after subcutaneous administration of morphine for 7 consecutive days three times per day .", "entities": [ "OIH" ] }, { "id": "2976", "type": "disease", "text": "Re ( 300 mg / kg ) inhibited OIH in both the thermal sensitivity test and the acetic acid - induced writhing test .", "entities": [ "OIH" ] }, { "id": "2977", "type": "disease", "text": "However , the Rg1 and Rb1 ginsenosides failed to prevent OIH in either test .", "entities": [ "OIH" ] }, { "id": "2978", "type": "disease", "text": "Furthermore , Rg1 showed a tendency to aggravate OIH in the acetic acid - induced writhing test .", "entities": [ "OIH" ] }, { "id": "2979", "type": "disease", "text": "Our data suggested that the ginsenoside Re , but not Rg1 or Rb1 , may contribute toward reversal of OIH .", "entities": [ "OIH" ] }, { "id": "2989", "type": "disease", "text": "The primary outcome of this study was a composite of severe hypotension ( mean arterial pressure < 60 mm Hg ) and bradycardia ( heart rate < 50 beats / min ) during sedative infusion .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "2991", "type": "disease", "text": "When analyzed separately , no differences could be found in the prevalence of severe hypotension or bradycardia in either the unmatched or matched cohorts .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "2992", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Severe hypotension and bradycardia occur at similar prevalence in neurocritical care patients who receive dexmedetomidine or propofol .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "2993", "type": "disease", "text": "Providers should similarly consider the likelihood of hypotension or bradycardia before starting either sedative .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "2994", "type": "disease", "text": "Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity in rats with breast cancer .", "entities": [ "mitochondrial dysfunction", "cardiotoxicity", "breast cancer" ] }, { "id": "2995", "type": "disease", "text": "Oxidative stress is involved in several processes including cancer , aging and cardiovascular disease , and has been shown to potentiate the therapeutic effect of drugs such as doxorubicin .", "entities": [ "cancer", "cardiovascular disease" ] }, { "id": "2996", "type": "disease", "text": "Doxorubicin causes significant cardiotoxicity characterized by marked increases in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity", "mitochondrial dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "2997", "type": "disease", "text": "Herein , we investigate whether doxorubicin - associated chronic cardiac toxicity can be ameliorated with the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol in rats with breast cancer .", "entities": [ "cardiac toxicity", "breast cancer" ] }, { "id": "2998", "type": "disease", "text": "Thirty - six rats bearing breast tumors induced chemically were divided into 4 groups : control , hydroxytyrosol ( 0 . 5mg / kg , 5days / week ) , doxorubicin ( 1mg / kg / week ) , and doxorubicin plus hydroxytyrosol .", "entities": [ "breast tumors" ] }, { "id": "2999", "type": "disease", "text": "Cardiac disturbances at the cellular and mitochondrial level , mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I - IV and apoptosis - inducing factor , and oxidative stress markers have been analyzed .", "entities": [ "Cardiac disturbances" ] }, { "id": "3000", "type": "disease", "text": "Hydroxytyrosol improved the cardiac disturbances enhanced by doxorubicin by significantly reducing the percentage of altered mitochondria and oxidative damage .", "entities": [ "cardiac disturbances" ] }, { "id": "3002", "type": "disease", "text": "This study demonstrates that hydroxytyrosol protect rat heart damage provoked by doxorubicin decreasing oxidative damage and mitochondrial alterations .", "entities": [ "heart damage" ] }, { "id": "3003", "type": "disease", "text": "Amiodarone - induced myxoedema coma .", "entities": [ "myxoedema coma" ] }, { "id": "3004", "type": "disease", "text": "A 62 - year - old man was found to have bradycardia , hypothermia and respiratory failure 3 weeks after initiation of amiodarone therapy for atrial fibrillation .", "entities": [ "bradycardia", "hypothermia", "respiratory failure", "atrial fibrillation" ] }, { "id": "3013", "type": "disease", "text": "The only two cases of amiodarone - induced myxoedema coma in the literature report patient death despite supportive therapy and thyroid hormone replacement .", "entities": [ "myxoedema coma" ] }, { "id": "3014", "type": "disease", "text": "This case represents the most thoroughly investigated case of amiodarone - induced myxoedema coma with a history significant for subclinical thyroid disease .", "entities": [ "myxoedema coma", "thyroid disease" ] }, { "id": "3015", "type": "disease", "text": "Use of argatroban and catheter - directed thrombolysis with alteplase in an oncology patient with heparin - induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis .", "entities": [ "thrombolysis", "thrombocytopenia", "thrombosis" ] }, { "id": "3016", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : The case of an oncology patient who developed heparin - induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis ( HITT ) and was treated with argatroban plus catheter - directed thrombolysis ( CDT ) with alteplase is presented .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia", "thrombosis", "HITT", "thrombolysis" ] }, { "id": "3017", "type": "disease", "text": "SUMMARY : A 63 - year - old Caucasian man with renal amyloidosis undergoing peripheral blood stem cell collection for an autologous stem cell transplant developed extensive bilateral upper - extremity deep venous thrombosis ( DVT ) and pulmonary embolism secondary to heparin - induced thrombocytopenia .", "entities": [ "amyloidosis", "upper - extremity deep venous thrombosis", "DVT", "pulmonary embolism", "thrombocytopenia" ] }, { "id": "3019", "type": "disease", "text": "After one week of therapy , he was transferred to the intensive care unit with cardiopulmonary compromise related to superior vena cava ( SVC ) syndrome .", "entities": [ "superior vena cava ( SVC ) syndrome" ] }, { "id": "3020", "type": "disease", "text": "A percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy and CDT with alteplase were attempted , but the procedure was aborted due to epistaxis .", "entities": [ "epistaxis" ] }, { "id": "3021", "type": "disease", "text": "The epistaxis resolved the next day , and the patient was restarted on argatroban .", "entities": [ "epistaxis" ] }, { "id": "3025", "type": "disease", "text": "Although the patient recovered , he experienced permanent vision and hearing loss , as well as end - stage renal disease .", "entities": [ "vision and hearing loss", "end - stage renal disease" ] }, { "id": "3026", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : A 63 - year - old man with renal amyloidosis and SVC syndrome secondary to HITT was successfully treated with argatroban and CDT with alteplase .", "entities": [ "amyloidosis", "SVC syndrome", "HITT" ] }, { "id": "3027", "type": "disease", "text": "Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone in amphetamine - induced schizophrenia models in mice .", "entities": [ "schizophrenia" ] }, { "id": "3028", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : To examine the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA ) on animal models of schizophrenia .", "entities": [ "schizophrenia" ] }, { "id": "3031", "type": "disease", "text": "Amphetamine ( 3 mg / kg ip ) induced hyper locomotion , apomorphine ( 1 . 5 mg / kg subcutaneously [ sc ] ) induced climbing , and haloperidol ( 1 . 5 mg / kg sc ) induced catalepsy tests were used as animal models of schizophrenia .", "entities": [ "hyper", "catalepsy", "schizophrenia" ] }, { "id": "3033", "type": "disease", "text": "Statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskal - Wallis test for hyper locomotion , and one - way ANOVA for climbing and catalepsy tests .", "entities": [ "hyper", "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3036", "type": "disease", "text": "There was a significant difference between groups in the haloperidol - induced catalepsy test ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3038", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : We observed that DHEA reduced locomotor activity and increased catalepsy at both doses , while it had no effect on climbing behavior .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3039", "type": "disease", "text": "We suggest that DHEA displays typical neuroleptic - like effects , and may be used in the treatment of schizophrenia .", "entities": [ "schizophrenia" ] }, { "id": "3040", "type": "disease", "text": "Availability of human induced pluripotent stem cell - derived cardiomyocytes in assessment of drug potential for QT prolongation .", "entities": [ "QT prolongation" ] }, { "id": "3042", "type": "disease", "text": "However , there is no report showing that this technique can be used to predict multichannel blocker potential for QT prolongation .", "entities": [ "QT prolongation" ] }, { "id": "3043", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of this study is to show that FPD from MEA ( Multielectrode array ) of hiPS - CMs can detect QT prolongation induced by multichannel blockers .", "entities": [ "QT prolongation" ] }, { "id": "3047", "type": "disease", "text": "Finally , the IKr blockers , Terfenadine and Citalopram , which are reported to cause Torsade de Pointes ( TdP ) in clinical practice , produced early afterdepolarization ( EAD ) .", "entities": [ "Torsade de Pointes", "TdP" ] }, { "id": "3049", "type": "disease", "text": "This study also shows that this assay can help detect EAD for drugs with TdP potential .", "entities": [ "TdP" ] }, { "id": "3050", "type": "disease", "text": "Dermal developmental toxicity of N - phenylimide herbicides in rats .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3051", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : S - 53482 and S - 23121 are N - phenylimide herbicides and produced embryolethality , teratogenicity ( mainly ventricular septal defects and wavy ribs ) , and growth retardation in rats in conventional oral developmental toxicity studies .", "entities": [ "embryolethality", "teratogenicity", "ventricular septal defects", "growth retardation", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3052", "type": "disease", "text": "Our objective in this study was to investigate whether the compounds induce developmental toxicity via the dermal route , which is more relevant to occupational exposure , hence better addressing human health risks .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3055", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Dermal exposure of rats to S - 53482 at 300 mg / kg produced patterns of developmental toxicity similar to those resulting from oral exposure .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3056", "type": "disease", "text": "Toxicity included embryolethality , teratogenicity , and growth retardation .", "entities": [ "Toxicity", "embryolethality", "teratogenicity", "growth retardation" ] }, { "id": "3057", "type": "disease", "text": "Dermal administration of S - 23121 at 800 mg / kg resulted in an increased incidence of embryonic death and ventricular septal defect , but retarded fetal growth was not observed as it was following oral exposure to S - 23121 .", "entities": [ "embryonic death", "ventricular septal defect" ] }, { "id": "3058", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Based on the results , S - 53482 and S - 23121 were teratogenic when administered dermally to pregnant rats as were the compounds administered orally .", "entities": [ "teratogenic" ] }, { "id": "3060", "type": "disease", "text": "Rates of Renal Toxicity in Cancer Patients Receiving Cisplatin With and Without Mannitol .", "entities": [ "Renal Toxicity", "Cancer" ] }, { "id": "3062", "type": "disease", "text": "One of the major complications of cisplatin use is dose - limiting nephrotoxicity .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3063", "type": "disease", "text": "There are many strategies to prevent this toxicity , including the use of mannitol as a nephroprotectant in combination with hydration .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3064", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : We aimed to evaluate the rates of cisplatin - induced nephrotoxicity in cancer patients receiving single - agent cisplatin with and without mannitol .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity", "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3066", "type": "disease", "text": "Data were collected on adult cancer patients receiving single - agent cisplatin as an outpatient from January 2011 to September 2012 .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3067", "type": "disease", "text": "The primary outcome was acute kidney injury ( AKI ) .", "entities": [ "acute kidney injury", "AKI" ] }, { "id": "3068", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : We evaluated 143 patients who received single - agent cisplatin ; 97 . 2 % of patients had head and neck cancer as their primary malignancy .", "entities": [ "head and neck cancer", "malignancy" ] }, { "id": "3069", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients who did not receive mannitol were more likely to develop nephrotoxicity : odds ratio [ OR ] = 2 . 646 ( 95 % CI = 1 . 008 , 6 . 944 ; P = 0 . 048 ) .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3070", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients who received the 100 mg / m ( 2 ) dosing and patients who had a history of hypertension also had a higher likelihood of developing nephrotoxicity : OR = 11 . 494 ( 95 % CI = 4 . 149 , 32 . 258 ; P < 0 . 0001 ) and OR = 3 . 219 ( 95 % CI = 1 . 228 , 8 . 439 ; P = 0 . 017 ) , respectively .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3071", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : When limited quantities of mannitol are available , it should preferentially be given to patients at particularly high risk of nephrotoxicity .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3072", "type": "disease", "text": "Our analysis suggests that those patients receiving the dosing schedule of 100 mg / m ( 2 ) cisplatin every 3 weeks and those with hypertension are at the greatest risk of nephrotoxicity and would benefit from the addition of mannitol .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3073", "type": "disease", "text": "Metformin protects against seizures , learning and memory impairments and oxidative damage induced by pentylenetetrazole - induced kindling in mice .", "entities": [ "seizures", "learning and memory impairments" ] }, { "id": "3074", "type": "disease", "text": "Cognitive impairment , the most common and severe comorbidity of epilepsy , greatly diminishes the quality of life .", "entities": [ "Cognitive impairment", "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "3075", "type": "disease", "text": "However , current therapeutic interventions for epilepsy can also cause untoward cognitive effects .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "3076", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus , there is an urgent need for new kinds of agents targeting both seizures and cognition deficits .", "entities": [ "seizures", "cognition deficits" ] }, { "id": "3077", "type": "disease", "text": "Oxidative stress is considered to play an important role in epileptogenesis and cognitive deficits , and antioxidants have a putative antiepileptic potential .", "entities": [ "cognitive deficits" ] }, { "id": "3079", "type": "disease", "text": "This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of metformin on seizures , cognitive impairment and brain oxidative stress markers observed in pentylenetetrazole - induced kindling animals .", "entities": [ "seizures", "cognitive impairment" ] }, { "id": "3082", "type": "disease", "text": "We found that metformin suppressed the progression of kindling , ameliorated the cognitive impairment and decreased brain oxidative stress .", "entities": [ "cognitive impairment" ] }, { "id": "3083", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus the present study concluded that metformin may be a potential agent for the treatment of epilepsy as well as a protective medicine against cognitive impairment induced by seizures .", "entities": [ "epilepsy", "cognitive impairment", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3084", "type": "disease", "text": "P53 inhibition exacerbates late - stage anthracycline cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3085", "type": "disease", "text": "AIMS : Doxorubicin ( DOX ) is an effective anti - cancer therapeutic , but is associated with both acute and late - stage cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cancer", "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3086", "type": "disease", "text": "Children are particularly sensitive to DOX - induced heart failure .", "entities": [ "heart failure" ] }, { "id": "3087", "type": "disease", "text": "Here , the impact of p53 inhibition on acute vs . late - stage DOX cardiotoxicity was examined in a juvenile model .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3094", "type": "disease", "text": "Furthermore , these data suggest an explanation as to how p53 inhibition can result in cardioprotection during drug treatment and , paradoxically , enhanced cardiotoxicity long after the cessation of drug treatment .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3095", "type": "disease", "text": "Metronidazole - induced encephalopathy : an uncommon scenario .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "3097", "type": "disease", "text": "We present a case where a patient developed features of encephalopathy following prolonged metronidazole intake .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "3099", "type": "disease", "text": "The diagnosis of metronidazole toxicity was made by the MRI findings and supported clinically .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3100", "type": "disease", "text": "Aconitine - induced Ca2 + overload causes arrhythmia and triggers apoptosis through p38 MAPK signaling pathway in rats .", "entities": [ "arrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "3102", "type": "disease", "text": "Emerging evidence indicates that voltage - dependent Na ( + ) channels have pivotal roles in the cardiotoxicity of aconitine .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3103", "type": "disease", "text": "However , no reports are available on the role of Ca ( 2 + ) in aconitine poisoning .", "entities": [ "poisoning" ] }, { "id": "3104", "type": "disease", "text": "In this study , we explored the importance of pathological Ca ( 2 + ) signaling in aconitine poisoning in vitro and in vivo .", "entities": [ "poisoning" ] }, { "id": "3105", "type": "disease", "text": "We found that Ca ( 2 + ) overload lead to accelerated beating rhythm in adult rat ventricular myocytes and caused arrhythmia in conscious freely moving rats .", "entities": [ "arrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "3106", "type": "disease", "text": "To investigate effects of aconitine on myocardial injury , we performed cytotoxicity assay in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes ( NRVMs ) , as well as measured lactate dehydrogenase level in the culture medium of NRVMs and activities of serum cardiac enzymes in rats .", "entities": [ "myocardial injury", "cytotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3107", "type": "disease", "text": "The results showed that aconitine resulted in myocardial injury and reduced NRVMs viability dose - dependently .", "entities": [ "myocardial injury" ] }, { "id": "3113", "type": "disease", "text": "Hence , our results suggest that aconitine significantly aggravates Ca ( 2 + ) overload and causes arrhythmia and finally promotes apoptotic development via phosphorylation of P38 mitogen - activated protein kinase .", "entities": [ "arrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "3114", "type": "disease", "text": "Chronic treatment with metformin suppresses toll - like receptor 4 signaling and attenuates left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction .", "entities": [ "left ventricular dysfunction", "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "3115", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute treatment with metformin has a protective effect in myocardial infarction by suppression of inflammatory responses due to activation of AMP - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "3116", "type": "disease", "text": "In the present study , the effect of chronic pre - treatment with metformin on cardiac dysfunction and toll - like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) activities following myocardial infarction and their relation with AMPK were assessed .", "entities": [ "cardiac dysfunction", "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "3118", "type": "disease", "text": "Isoproterenol ( 100mg / kg ) was injected subcutaneously on the 13th and 14th days to induce acute myocardial infarction .", "entities": [ "acute myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "3120", "type": "disease", "text": "The left ventricular dysfunction was significantly lower in the groups treated with 25 and 50mg / kg of metformin .", "entities": [ "left ventricular dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "3121", "type": "disease", "text": "Metfromin markedly lowered isoproterenol - induced elevation in the levels of TLR4 mRNA , myeloid differentiation protein 88 ( MyD88 ) , tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - a ) , and interleukin 6 ( IL - 6 ) in the heart tissues .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "3125", "type": "disease", "text": "Chronic pre - treatment with metformin reduces post - myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction and suppresses inflammatory responses , possibly through inhibition of TLR4 activities .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "3128", "type": "disease", "text": "Two cases of propylthiouracil - associated acute hepatitis , one case of fatal methimazole - associated hepatocellular necrosis and one case of propylthiouracil - associated lupus - like syndrome are described .", "entities": [ "hepatitis", "hepatocellular necrosis", "lupus - like syndrome" ] }, { "id": "3130", "type": "disease", "text": "It is concluded that in most circumstances 131I is the therapy of choice for hyperthyroidism .", "entities": [ "hyperthyroidism" ] }, { "id": "3131", "type": "disease", "text": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by combination therapy with tetrabenazine and tiapride in a Japanese patient with Huntington ' s disease at the terminal stage of recurrent breast cancer .", "entities": [ "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Huntington ' s disease", "breast cancer" ] }, { "id": "3132", "type": "disease", "text": "We herein describe the case of an 81 - year - old Japanese woman with neuroleptic malignant syndrome that occurred 36 days after the initiation of combination therapy with tiapride ( 75 mg / day ) and tetrabenazine ( 12 . 5 mg / day ) for Huntington ' s disease .", "entities": [ "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Huntington ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "3134", "type": "disease", "text": "She also had advanced breast cancer when the combination therapy was initiated .", "entities": [ "breast cancer" ] }, { "id": "3135", "type": "disease", "text": "To the best of our knowledge , the occurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to combination therapy with tetrabenazine and tiapride has not been previously reported .", "entities": [ "neuroleptic malignant syndrome" ] }, { "id": "3137", "type": "disease", "text": "A metoprolol - terbinafine combination induced bradycardia .", "entities": [ "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3138", "type": "disease", "text": "To report a sinus bradycardia induced by metoprolol and terbinafine drug - drug interaction and its management .", "entities": [ "sinus bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3139", "type": "disease", "text": "A 63 year - old Caucasian man on metoprolol 200 mg / day for stable coronary artery disease was prescribed a 90 - day course of oral terbinafine 250 mg / day for onychomycosis .", "entities": [ "coronary artery disease", "onychomycosis" ] }, { "id": "3140", "type": "disease", "text": "On the 49th day of terbinafine therapy , he was brought to the emergency room for a decrease of his global health status , confusion and falls .", "entities": [ "confusion" ] }, { "id": "3141", "type": "disease", "text": "The electrocardiogram revealed a 37 beats / min sinus bradycardia .", "entities": [ "sinus bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3142", "type": "disease", "text": "A score of 7 on the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicates a probable relationship between the patient ' s sinus bradycardia and the drug interaction between metoprolol and terbinafine .", "entities": [ "adverse drug reaction", "sinus bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3145", "type": "disease", "text": "By inhibiting the cytochrome P450 2D6 , terbinafine had decreased metoprolol ' s clearance , leading in metoprolol accumulation which has resulted in clinically significant sinus bradycardia .", "entities": [ "sinus bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3146", "type": "disease", "text": "Optochiasmatic and peripheral neuropathy due to ethambutol overtreatment .", "entities": [ "peripheral neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "3147", "type": "disease", "text": "Ethambutol is known to cause optic neuropathy and , more rarely , axonal polyneuropathy .", "entities": [ "optic neuropathy", "polyneuropathy" ] }, { "id": "3148", "type": "disease", "text": "We characterize the clinical , neurophysiological , and neuroimaging findings in a 72 - year - old man who developed visual loss and paresthesias after 11 weeks of exposure to a supratherapeutic dose of ethambutol .", "entities": [ "visual loss", "paresthesias" ] }, { "id": "3149", "type": "disease", "text": "This case demonstrates the selective vulnerability of the anterior visual pathways and peripheral nerves to ethambutol toxicity .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3150", "type": "disease", "text": "Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin - induced memory impairment in male rats .", "entities": [ "memory impairment" ] }, { "id": "3151", "type": "disease", "text": "AIM : To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin ( STZ ) - induced memory impairment in male rats .", "entities": [ "memory impairment" ] }, { "id": "3157", "type": "disease", "text": "Administration of flutamide , letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats , and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ - and castration - induced memory impairment .", "entities": [ "impaired the memory", "memory impairment" ] }, { "id": "3158", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ - and castration - induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats .", "entities": [ "memory impairment" ] }, { "id": "3159", "type": "disease", "text": "Behavioral and neurochemical studies in mice pretreated with garcinielliptone FC in pilocarpine - induced seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3161", "type": "disease", "text": "It is widely used in folk medicine to treat skin diseases in both humans and animals as well as the seed decoction has been used to treat diarrheas and inflammatory diseases .", "entities": [ "skin diseases", "diarrheas", "inflammatory diseases" ] }, { "id": "3163", "type": "disease", "text": "The present study aimed to evaluate the GFC effects at doses of 25 , 50 or 75 mg / kg on seizure parameters to determine their anticonvulsant activity and its effects on amino acid ( r - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) , glutamine , aspartate and glutathione ) levels as well as on acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) activity in mice hippocampus after seizures .", "entities": [ "seizure", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3164", "type": "disease", "text": "GFC produced an increased latency to first seizure , at doses 25mg / kg ( 20 . 12 + 2 . 20 min ) , 50mg / kg ( 20 . 95 + 2 . 21 min ) or 75 mg / kg ( 23 . 43 + 1 . 99 min ) when compared with seized mice .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3168", "type": "disease", "text": "The results indicate that GFC can exert anticonvulsant activity and reduce the frequency of installation of pilocarpine - induced status epilepticus , as demonstrated by increase in latency to first seizure and decrease in mortality rate of animals .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3171", "type": "disease", "text": "Standard operating procedures for antibiotic therapy and the occurrence of acute kidney injury : a prospective , clinical , non - interventional , observational study .", "entities": [ "acute kidney injury" ] }, { "id": "3172", "type": "disease", "text": "INTRODUCTION : Acute kidney injury ( AKI ) occurs in 7 % of hospitalized and 66 % of Intensive Care Unit ( ICU ) patients .", "entities": [ "Acute kidney injury", "AKI" ] }, { "id": "3174", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of this study was to investigate , whether there is an association between adherence to guidelines ( standard operating procedures ( SOP ) ) for potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics and the occurrence of AKI .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxic", "AKI" ] }, { "id": "3179", "type": "disease", "text": "AKI was defined according to RIFLE criteria .", "entities": [ "AKI" ] }, { "id": "3181", "type": "disease", "text": "Development of AKI was compared between groups with exact Chi2 - test and multivariate logistic regression analysis ( two - sided P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entities": [ "AKI" ] }, { "id": "3183", "type": "disease", "text": "AKI occurred significantly more often in LAG with 36 % versus 21 % in HAG ( P = 0 . 035 ) .", "entities": [ "AKI" ] }, { "id": "3184", "type": "disease", "text": "Basic characteristics were comparable , except an increased rate of soft tissue infections in LAG .", "entities": [ "infections" ] }, { "id": "3185", "type": "disease", "text": "Multivariate analysis revealed an odds ratio of 2 . 5 - fold for LAG to develop AKI compared with HAG ( 95 % confidence interval 1 . 195 to 5 . 124 , P = 0 . 039 ) .", "entities": [ "AKI" ] }, { "id": "3186", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Low adherence to SOPs for potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics was associated with a higher occurrence of AKI .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxic", "AKI" ] }, { "id": "3189", "type": "disease", "text": "Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin .", "entities": [ "Rhabdomyolysis", "hepatitis C virus infected" ] }, { "id": "3190", "type": "disease", "text": "A 46 - year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin , pegylated interferon and telaprevir .", "entities": [ "hepatitis C virus infection" ] }, { "id": "3192", "type": "disease", "text": "One month after starting the antiviral therapy , the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis .", "entities": [ "rhabdomyolysis" ] }, { "id": "3193", "type": "disease", "text": "At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug - drug interaction was suspected .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3199", "type": "disease", "text": "Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood .", "entities": [ "muscle toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3201", "type": "disease", "text": "Combination of bortezomib , thalidomide , and dexamethasone ( VTD ) as a consolidation therapy after autologous stem cell transplantation for symptomatic multiple myeloma in Japanese patients .", "entities": [ "multiple myeloma" ] }, { "id": "3202", "type": "disease", "text": "Consolidation therapy for patients with multiple myeloma ( MM ) has been widely adopted to improve treatment response following autologous stem cell transplantation .", "entities": [ "multiple myeloma", "MM" ] }, { "id": "3203", "type": "disease", "text": "In this study , we retrospectively analyzed the safety and efficacy of combination regimen of bortezomib , thalidomide , and dexamethasone ( VTD ) as consolidation therapy in 24 Japanese patients with newly diagnosed MM .", "entities": [ "MM" ] }, { "id": "3205", "type": "disease", "text": "Grade 3 - 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were documented in four and three patients ( 17 and 13 % ) , respectively , but drug dose reduction due to cytopenia was not required in any case .", "entities": [ "neutropenia", "thrombocytopenia", "cytopenia" ] }, { "id": "3206", "type": "disease", "text": "Peripheral neuropathy was common ( 63 % ) , but severe grade 3 - 4 peripheral neuropathy was not observed .", "entities": [ "Peripheral neuropathy", "peripheral neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "3210", "type": "disease", "text": "Conversion to sirolimus ameliorates cyclosporine - induced nephropathy in the rat : focus on serum , urine , gene , and protein renal expression biomarkers .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "3211", "type": "disease", "text": "Protocols of conversion from cyclosporin A ( CsA ) to sirolimus ( SRL ) have been widely used in immunotherapy after transplantation to prevent CsA - induced nephropathy , but the molecular mechanisms underlying these protocols remain nuclear .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "3215", "type": "disease", "text": "Renal lesions were analyzed in hematoxylin and eosin , periodic acid - Schiff , and Masson ' s trichrome stains .", "entities": [ "Renal lesions" ] }, { "id": "3216", "type": "disease", "text": "SRL - treated rats presented proteinuria and NGAL ( serum and urinary ) as the best markers of renal impairment .", "entities": [ "proteinuria", "renal impairment" ] }, { "id": "3217", "type": "disease", "text": "Short CsA treatment presented slight or even absent kidney lesions and TGF - b , NF - kb , mTOR , PCNA , TP53 , KIM - 1 , and CTGF as relevant gene and protein changes .", "entities": [ "kidney lesions" ] }, { "id": "3218", "type": "disease", "text": "Prolonged CsA exposure aggravated renal damage , without clear changes on the traditional markers , but with changes in serums TGF - b and IL - 7 , TBARs clearance , and kidney TGF - b and mTOR .", "entities": [ "renal damage" ] }, { "id": "3219", "type": "disease", "text": "Conversion to SRL prevented CsA - induced renal damage evolution ( absent / mild grade lesions ) , while NGAL ( serum versus urine ) seems to be a feasible biomarker of CsA replacement to SRL .", "entities": [ "renal damage" ] }, { "id": "3220", "type": "disease", "text": "Kinin B2 receptor deletion and blockage ameliorates cisplatin - induced acute renal injury .", "entities": [ "acute renal injury" ] }, { "id": "3221", "type": "disease", "text": "Cisplatin treatment has been adopted in some chemotherapies ; however , this drug can induce acute kidney injury due its ability to negatively affect renal function , augment serum levels of creatinine and urea , increase the acute tubular necrosis score and up - regulate cytokines ( e . g . , IL - 1b and TNF - a ) .", "entities": [ "acute kidney injury", "acute tubular necrosis" ] }, { "id": "3222", "type": "disease", "text": "The kinin B2 receptor has been associated with the inflammation process , as well as the regulation of cytokine expression , and its deletion resulted in an improvement in the diabetic nephropathy status .", "entities": [ "inflammation", "diabetic nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "3223", "type": "disease", "text": "To examine the role of the kinin B2 receptor in cisplatin - induced acute kidney injury , kinin B2 receptor knockout mice were challenged with cisplatin .", "entities": [ "acute kidney injury" ] }, { "id": "3225", "type": "disease", "text": "B2 receptor - deficient mice were less sensitive to this drug than the WT mice , as shown by reduced weight loss , better preservation of kidney function , down regulation of inflammatory cytokines and less acute tubular necrosis .", "entities": [ "weight loss", "acute tubular necrosis" ] }, { "id": "3227", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus , our data suggest that the kinin B2 receptor is involved in cisplatin - induced acute kidney injury by mediating the necrotic process and the expression of inflammatory cytokines , thus resulting in declined renal function .", "entities": [ "acute kidney injury", "necrotic" ] }, { "id": "3228", "type": "disease", "text": "These results highlight the kinin B2 receptor antagonist treatment in amelioration of nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin therapy .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3229", "type": "disease", "text": "Safety and efficacy of fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant ( 0 . 59 mg ) in birdshot retinochoroidopathy .", "entities": [ "birdshot retinochoroidopathy" ] }, { "id": "3230", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : To report the treatment outcomes of the fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant ( 0 . 59 mg ) in patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy whose disease is refractory or intolerant to conventional immunomodulatory therapy .", "entities": [ "birdshot retinochoroidopathy" ] }, { "id": "3231", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : A retrospective case series involving 11 birdshot retinochoroidopathy patients ( 11 eyes ) .", "entities": [ "birdshot retinochoroidopathy" ] }, { "id": "3234", "type": "disease", "text": "Disease activity markers , including signs of ocular inflammation , evidence of retinal vasculitis , Swedish interactive threshold algorithm - short wavelength automated perimetry Humphrey visual field analysis , electroretinographic parameters , and optical coherence tomography were recorded .", "entities": [ "inflammation", "retinal vasculitis" ] }, { "id": "3235", "type": "disease", "text": "Data on occurrence of cataract and raised intraocular pressure were collected in all eyes .", "entities": [ "cataract", "raised intraocular pressure" ] }, { "id": "3236", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Intraocular inflammation was present in 54 . 5 , 9 . 9 , 11 . 1 , and 0 % of patients at baseline , 6 months , 1 year , 2 years , 3 years , and beyond 3 years after receiving the implant , respectively .", "entities": [ "inflammation" ] }, { "id": "3237", "type": "disease", "text": "Active vasculitis was noted in 36 . 3 % patients at baseline and 0 % at 3 years of follow - up .", "entities": [ "vasculitis" ] }, { "id": "3238", "type": "disease", "text": "More than 20 % ( 47 . 61 - 67 . 2 % ) reduction in central retinal thickness was noted in all patients with cystoid macular edema at 6 months , 1 year , 2 years , and 3 years postimplant .", "entities": [ "cystoid macular edema" ] }, { "id": "3241", "type": "disease", "text": "Adverse events included increased intraocular pressure ( 54 . 5 % ) and cataract formation ( 100 % ) .", "entities": [ "increased intraocular pressure", "cataract" ] }, { "id": "3242", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : The data suggest that fluocinolone acetonide implant ( 0 . 59 mg ) helps to control inflammation in otherwise treatment - refractory cases of birdshot retinochoroidopathy .", "entities": [ "inflammation", "birdshot retinochoroidopathy" ] }, { "id": "3243", "type": "disease", "text": "It is associated with significant side effects of cataract and ocular hypertension requiring treatment .", "entities": [ "cataract", "ocular hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3244", "type": "disease", "text": "Optimal precurarizing dose of rocuronium to decrease fasciculation and myalgia following succinylcholine administration .", "entities": [ "fasciculation", "myalgia" ] }, { "id": "3245", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Succinylcholine commonly produces frequent adverse effects , including muscle fasciculation and myalgia .", "entities": [ "muscle fasciculation", "myalgia" ] }, { "id": "3246", "type": "disease", "text": "The current study identified the optimal dose of rocuronium to prevent succinylcholine - induced fasciculation and myalgia and evaluated the influence of rocuronium on the speed of onset produced by succinylcholine .", "entities": [ "fasciculation", "myalgia" ] }, { "id": "3250", "type": "disease", "text": "All patients received succinylcholine 1 . 5 mg / kg at 2 minutes after the precurarization , and were assessed the incidence and severity of fasciculations , while myalgia was assessed at 24 hours after surgery .", "entities": [ "fasciculations", "myalgia" ] }, { "id": "3251", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : The incidence and severity of visible muscle fasciculation was significantly less with increasing the amount of precurarizing dose of rocuronium ( P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entities": [ "muscle fasciculation" ] }, { "id": "3252", "type": "disease", "text": "Those of myalgia tend to decrease according to increasing the amount of precurarizing dose of rocuronium , but there was no significance ( P = 0 . 072 ) .", "entities": [ "myalgia" ] }, { "id": "3254", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Precurarization with 0 . 04 mg / kg rocuronium was the optimal dose considering the reduction in the incidence and severity of fasciculation and myalgia with acceptable onset time , and the safe and effective precurarization .", "entities": [ "fasciculation", "myalgia" ] }, { "id": "3255", "type": "disease", "text": "Absence of PKC - alpha attenuates lithium - induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus .", "entities": [ "nephrogenic diabetes insipidus" ] }, { "id": "3256", "type": "disease", "text": "Lithium , an effective antipsychotic , induces nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ( NDI ) in 40 % of patients .", "entities": [ "nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "NDI" ] }, { "id": "3258", "type": "disease", "text": "Targeting an alternative signaling pathway , such as PKC - mediated signaling , may be an effective method of treating lithium - induced polyuria .", "entities": [ "polyuria" ] }, { "id": "3267", "type": "disease", "text": "Our data show that ablation of PKCa preserves AQP2 and UT - A1 protein expression and localization in lithium - induced NDI , and prevents the development of the severe polyuria associated with lithium therapy .", "entities": [ "NDI", "polyuria" ] }, { "id": "3268", "type": "disease", "text": "Is Dysguesia Going to be a Rare or a Common Side - effect of Amlodipine ?", "entities": [ "Dysguesia" ] }, { "id": "3269", "type": "disease", "text": "A very rare side - effect of amlodipine is dysguesia .", "entities": [ "dysguesia" ] }, { "id": "3271", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case about a female with essential hypertension on drug treatment with amlodipine developed loss of taste sensation .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "loss of taste sensation" ] }, { "id": "3273", "type": "disease", "text": "We conclude that amlodipine can cause dysguesia .", "entities": [ "dysguesia" ] }, { "id": "3274", "type": "disease", "text": "Here , we describe the clinical presentation and review the relevant literature on amlodipine and dysguesia .", "entities": [ "dysguesia" ] }, { "id": "3275", "type": "disease", "text": "Rhabdomyolysis in association with simvastatin and dosage increment in clarithromycin .", "entities": [ "Rhabdomyolysis" ] }, { "id": "3277", "type": "disease", "text": "This particular case is of interest as rhabdomyolysis only occurred after an increase in the dose of clarithromycin .", "entities": [ "rhabdomyolysis" ] }, { "id": "3278", "type": "disease", "text": "The patient developed raised cardiac biomarkers without any obvious cardiac issues , a phenomenon that has been linked to rhabdomyolysis previously .", "entities": [ "rhabdomyolysis" ] }, { "id": "3279", "type": "disease", "text": "To date , there has been no reported effect of rhabdomyolysis on the structure and function of cardiac muscle .", "entities": [ "rhabdomyolysis" ] }, { "id": "3280", "type": "disease", "text": "Clinicians need to be aware of prescribing concomitant medications that increase the risk of myopathy or inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme .", "entities": [ "myopathy" ] }, { "id": "3281", "type": "disease", "text": "Our case suggests that troponin elevation could be associated with statin induced rhabdomyolysis , which may warrant further studies .", "entities": [ "rhabdomyolysis" ] }, { "id": "3282", "type": "disease", "text": "Characterization of a novel BCHE \" silent \" allele : point mutation ( p . Val204Asp ) causes loss of activity and prolonged apnea with suxamethonium .", "entities": [ "apnea" ] }, { "id": "3283", "type": "disease", "text": "Butyrylcholinesterase deficiency is characterized by prolonged apnea after the use of muscle relaxants ( suxamethonium or mivacurium ) in patients who have mutations in the BCHE gene .", "entities": [ "Butyrylcholinesterase deficiency", "apnea" ] }, { "id": "3293", "type": "disease", "text": "Delayed anemia after treatment with injectable artesunate in the Democratic Republic of the Congo : a manageable issue .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "3294", "type": "disease", "text": "Cases of delayed hemolytic anemia have been described after treatment with injectable artesunate , the current World Health Organization ( WHO ) - recommended first - line drug for the treatment of severe malaria .", "entities": [ "hemolytic anemia", "malaria" ] }, { "id": "3295", "type": "disease", "text": "A total of 350 patients ( 215 [ 61 . 4 % ] < 5 years of age and 135 [ 38 . 6 % ] > 5 years of age ) were followed - up after treatment with injectable artesunate for severe malaria in hospitals and health centers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo .", "entities": [ "malaria" ] }, { "id": "3299", "type": "disease", "text": "All cases of delayed anemia were clinically manageable and resolved within one month .", "entities": [ "anemia" ] }, { "id": "3300", "type": "disease", "text": "Regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and apoptotic pathways by betaine attenuates isoproterenol - induced acute myocardial injury in rats .", "entities": [ "myocardial injury" ] }, { "id": "3301", "type": "disease", "text": "The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of betaine on acute myocardial ischemia induced experimentally in rats focusing on regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT3 ) and apoptotic pathways as the potential mechanism underlying the drug effect .", "entities": [ "myocardial ischemia" ] }, { "id": "3303", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute myocardial ischemic injury was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol ( 85 mg / kg ) , for two consecutive days .", "entities": [ "myocardial ischemic injury" ] }, { "id": "3305", "type": "disease", "text": "Oral administration of betaine ( 200 and 400 mg / kg ) significantly reduced the level of cardiac marker enzyme in the serum and prevented left ventricular remodeling .", "entities": [ "ventricular remodeling" ] }, { "id": "3308", "type": "disease", "text": "The protective role of betaine on myocardial damage was further confirmed by histopathological examination .", "entities": [ "myocardial damage" ] }, { "id": "3309", "type": "disease", "text": "In summary , our results showed that betaine pretreatment attenuated isoproterenol - induced acute myocardial ischemia via the regulation of STAT3 and apoptotic pathways .", "entities": [ "myocardial ischemia" ] }, { "id": "3310", "type": "disease", "text": "Quetiapine - induced neutropenia in a bipolar patient with hepatocellular carcinoma .", "entities": [ "neutropenia", "bipolar", "hepatocellular carcinoma" ] }, { "id": "3311", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : Quetiapine is a dibenzothiazepine derivative , similar to clozapine , which has the highest risk of causing blood dyscrasias , especially neutropenia .", "entities": [ "blood dyscrasias", "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "3313", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma that developed neutropenia after treatment with quetiapine is described here .", "entities": [ "hepatocellular carcinoma", "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "3314", "type": "disease", "text": "CASE REPORT : A 62 - year - old Taiwanese widow with bipolar disorder was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma at age 60 .", "entities": [ "bipolar disorder", "hepatocellular carcinoma" ] }, { "id": "3315", "type": "disease", "text": "She developed leucopenia after being treated with quetiapine .", "entities": [ "leucopenia" ] }, { "id": "3317", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Although neutropenia is not a common side effect of quetiapine , physicians should be cautious about its presentation and associated risk factors .", "entities": [ "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "3318", "type": "disease", "text": "Hepatic dysfunction may be one of the possible risk factors , and concomitant fever may be a diagnostic marker for adverse reaction to quetiapine .", "entities": [ "Hepatic dysfunction", "fever" ] }, { "id": "3319", "type": "disease", "text": "Lateral antebrachial cutaneous neuropathy after steroid injection at lateral epicondyle .", "entities": [ "neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "3320", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : This report aimed to present a case of lateral antebrachial cutaneous neuropathy ( LACNP ) that occurred after a steroid injection in the lateral epicondyle to treat lateral epicondylitis in a 40 - year - old woman .", "entities": [ "neuropathy", "lateral epicondylitis" ] }, { "id": "3321", "type": "disease", "text": "MATERIAL AND METHOD : A 40 - year - old woman presented with decreased sensation and paresthesia over her right lateral forearm ; the paresthesia had occurred after a steroid injection in the right lateral epicondyle 3 months before .", "entities": [ "paresthesia", "paresthesia" ] }, { "id": "3322", "type": "disease", "text": "Her sensation of light touch and pain was diminished over the lateral side of the right forearm and wrist area .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "3327", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : This report describes the case of a woman with LACNP that developed after a steroid injection for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis .", "entities": [ "lateral epicondylitis" ] }, { "id": "3329", "type": "disease", "text": "Curcumin prevents maleate - induced nephrotoxicity : relation to hemodynamic alterations , oxidative stress , mitochondrial oxygen consumption and activity of respiratory complex I .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3330", "type": "disease", "text": "The potential protective effect of the dietary antioxidant curcumin ( 120 mg / Kg / day for 6 days ) against the renal injury induced by maleate was evaluated .", "entities": [ "renal injury" ] }, { "id": "3331", "type": "disease", "text": "Tubular proteinuria and oxidative stress were induced by a single injection of maleate ( 400 mg / kg ) in rats .", "entities": [ "proteinuria" ] }, { "id": "3332", "type": "disease", "text": "Maleate - induced renal injury included increase in renal vascular resistance and in the urinary excretion of total protein , glucose , sodium , neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin ( NGAL ) and N - acetyl b - D - glucosaminidase ( NAG ) , upregulation of kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1 , decrease in renal blood flow and claudin - 2 expression besides of necrosis and apoptosis of tubular cells on 24 h .", "entities": [ "renal injury", "kidney injury", "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "3339", "type": "disease", "text": "It is concluded that curcumin is able to attenuate in vivo maleate - induced nephropathy and in vitro cell damage .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "3341", "type": "disease", "text": "Anticonvulsant actions of MK - 801 on the lithium - pilocarpine model of status epilepticus in rats .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "3342", "type": "disease", "text": "MK - 801 , a noncompetitive N - methyl - D - aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor antagonist , was tested for anticonvulsant effects in rats using two seizure models , coadministration of lithium and pilocarpine and administration of a high dose of pilocarpine alone .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3344", "type": "disease", "text": "First , pretreatment with MK - 801 produced an effective and dose - dependent anticonvulsant action with the lithium - pilocarpine model but not with rats treated with pilocarpine alone , suggesting that different biochemical mechanisms control seizures in these two models .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3345", "type": "disease", "text": "Second , the anticonvulsant effect of MK - 801 in the lithium - pilocarpine model only occurred after initial periods of seizure activity .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3347", "type": "disease", "text": "Third , although it is relatively easy to block seizures induced by lithium and pilocarpine by administration of anticonvulsants prior to pilocarpine , it is more difficult to terminate ongoing status epilepticus and block the lethality of the seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures", "status epilepticus", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3348", "type": "disease", "text": "Administration of MK - 801 30 or 60 min after pilocarpine , i . e . , during status epilepticus , gradually reduced electrical and behavioral seizure activity and greatly enhanced the survival rate .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3349", "type": "disease", "text": "These results suggest that activation of NMDA receptors plays an important role in status epilepticus and brain damage in the lithium - pilocarpine model .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus", "brain damage" ] }, { "id": "3350", "type": "disease", "text": "This was further supported by results showing that nonconvulsive doses of NMDA and pilocarpine were synergistic , resulting in status epilepticus and subsequent mortality .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "3351", "type": "disease", "text": "Continuous infusion tobramycin combined with carbenicillin for infections in cancer patients .", "entities": [ "infections", "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3352", "type": "disease", "text": "The cure rate of infections in cancer patients is adversely affected by neutropenia ( less than 1 , 000 / mm3 ) .", "entities": [ "infections", "cancer", "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "3353", "type": "disease", "text": "In particular , patients with severe neutropenia ( less than 100 / mm3 ) have shown a poor response to antibiotics .", "entities": [ "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "3354", "type": "disease", "text": "To overcome the adverse effects of neutropenia , tobramycin was given by continuous infusion and combined with intermittent carbenicillin .", "entities": [ "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "3356", "type": "disease", "text": "There were 125 infectious episodes in 116 cancer patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3358", "type": "disease", "text": "Pneumonia was the most common infection and 61 % of 59 episodes were cured .", "entities": [ "Pneumonia", "infection" ] }, { "id": "3359", "type": "disease", "text": "Gram - negative bacilli were the most common causative organisms and 69 % of these infections were cured .", "entities": [ "infections" ] }, { "id": "3360", "type": "disease", "text": "The most common pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae and this , together with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , accounted for 74 % of all gram - negative bacillary infections .", "entities": [ "pneumoniae", "gram - negative bacillary infections" ] }, { "id": "3361", "type": "disease", "text": "Response was not influenced by the initial neutrophil count , with a 62 % cure rate for 39 episodes associated with severe neutropenia .", "entities": [ "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "3363", "type": "disease", "text": "Azotemia was the major side effect recognized , and it occurred in 11 % of episodes .", "entities": [ "Azotemia" ] }, { "id": "3364", "type": "disease", "text": "Major azotemia ( serum creatinine greater than 2 . 5 mg / dl or BUN greater than 50 mg / dl ) occurred in only 2 % .", "entities": [ "azotemia" ] }, { "id": "3365", "type": "disease", "text": "Azotemia was not related to duration of therapy or serum tobramycin concentration .", "entities": [ "Azotemia" ] }, { "id": "3366", "type": "disease", "text": "This antibiotic regimen showed both therapeutic efficacy and acceptable renal toxicity for these patients .", "entities": [ "renal toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3367", "type": "disease", "text": "Incidence of solid tumours among pesticide applicators exposed to the organophosphate insecticide diazinon in the Agricultural Health Study : an updated analysis .", "entities": [ "tumours" ] }, { "id": "3368", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : Diazinon , a common organophosphate insecticide with genotoxic properties , was previously associated with lung cancer in the Agricultural Health Study ( AHS ) cohort , but few other epidemiological studies have examined diazinon - associated cancer risk .", "entities": [ "lung cancer", "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3369", "type": "disease", "text": "We used updated diazinon exposure and cancer incidence information to evaluate solid tumour risk in the AHS .", "entities": [ "cancer", "tumour" ] }, { "id": "3370", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : Male pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina reported lifetime diazinon use at enrolment ( 1993 - 1997 ) and follow - up ( 1998 - 2005 ) ; cancer incidence was assessed through 2010 ( North Carolina ) / 2011 ( Iowa ) .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3371", "type": "disease", "text": "Among applicators with usage information sufficient to evaluate exposure - response patterns , we used Poisson regression to estimate adjusted rate ratios ( RRs ) and 95 % CI for cancer sites with > 10 exposed cases for both lifetime ( LT ) exposure days and intensity - weighted ( IW ) lifetime exposure days ( accounting for factors impacting exposure ) .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3372", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : We observed elevated lung cancer risks ( N = 283 ) among applicators with the greatest number of LT ( RR = 1 . 60 ; 95 % CI 1 . 11 to 2 . 31 ; Ptrend = 0 . 02 ) and IW days of diazinon use ( RR = 1 . 41 ; 95 % CI 0 . 98 to 2 . 04 ; Ptrend = 0 . 08 ) .", "entities": [ "lung cancer" ] }, { "id": "3373", "type": "disease", "text": "Kidney cancer ( N = 94 ) risks were non - significantly elevated ( RRLT days = 1 . 77 ; 95 % CI 0 . 90 to 3 . 51 ; Ptrend = 0 . 09 ; RRIW days 1 . 37 ; 95 % CI 0 . 64 to 2 . 92 ; Ptrend = 0 . 50 ) , as were risks for aggressive prostate cancer ( N = 656 ) .", "entities": [ "Kidney cancer", "prostate cancer" ] }, { "id": "3374", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Our updated evaluation of diazinon provides additional evidence of an association with lung cancer risk .", "entities": [ "lung cancer" ] }, { "id": "3375", "type": "disease", "text": "Newly identified links to kidney cancer and associations with aggressive prostate cancer require further evaluation .", "entities": [ "kidney cancer", "prostate cancer" ] }, { "id": "3376", "type": "disease", "text": "Associations of Ozone and PM2 . 5 Concentrations With Parkinson ' s Disease Among Participants in the Agricultural Health Study .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s Disease" ] }, { "id": "3377", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : This study describes associations of ozone and fine particulate matter with Parkinson ' s disease observed among farmers in North Carolina and Iowa .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "3378", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS : We used logistic regression to determine the associations of these pollutants with self - reported , doctor - diagnosed Parkinson ' s disease .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "3380", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : We observed positive associations of Parkinson ' s disease with ozone ( odds ratio = 1 . 39 ; 95 % CI : 0 . 98 to 1 . 98 ) and fine particulate matter ( odds ratio = 1 . 34 ; 95 % CI : 0 . 93 to 1 . 93 ) in North Carolina but not in Iowa .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "3381", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : The plausibility of an effect of ambient concentrations of these pollutants on Parkinson ' s disease risk is supported by experimental data demonstrating damage to dopaminergic neurons at relevant concentrations .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "3383", "type": "disease", "text": "Low functional programming of renal AT2R mediates the developmental origin of glomerulosclerosis in adult offspring induced by prenatal caffeine exposure .", "entities": [ "glomerulosclerosis" ] }, { "id": "3384", "type": "disease", "text": "UNASSIGNED : Our previous study has indicated that prenatal caffeine exposure ( PCE ) could induce intrauterine growth retardation ( IUGR ) of offspring .", "entities": [ "intrauterine growth retardation", "IUGR" ] }, { "id": "3385", "type": "disease", "text": "Recent research suggested that IUGR is a risk factor for glomerulosclerosis .", "entities": [ "IUGR", "glomerulosclerosis" ] }, { "id": "3386", "type": "disease", "text": "However , whether PCE could induce glomerulosclerosis and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown .", "entities": [ "glomerulosclerosis" ] }, { "id": "3387", "type": "disease", "text": "This study aimed to demonstrate the induction to glomerulosclerosis in adult offspring by PCE and its intrauterine programming mechanisms .", "entities": [ "glomerulosclerosis" ] }, { "id": "3388", "type": "disease", "text": "A rat model of IUGR was established by PCE , male fetuses and adult offspring at the age of postnatal week 24 were euthanized .", "entities": [ "IUGR" ] }, { "id": "3389", "type": "disease", "text": "The results revealed that the adult offspring kidneys in the PCE group exhibited glomerulosclerosis as well as interstitial fibrosis , accompanied by elevated levels of serum creatinine and urine protein .", "entities": [ "glomerulosclerosis", "interstitial fibrosis" ] }, { "id": "3394", "type": "disease", "text": "These results demonstrated that PCE could induce dysplasia of fetal kidneys as well as glomerulosclerosis of adult offspring , and the low functional programming of renal AT2R might mediate the developmental origin of adult glomerulosclerosis .", "entities": [ "dysplasia of fetal kidneys", "glomerulosclerosis", "glomerulosclerosis" ] }, { "id": "3395", "type": "disease", "text": "1 , 3 - Butadiene , CML and the t ( 9 : 22 ) translocation : A reality check .", "entities": [ "CML" ] }, { "id": "3396", "type": "disease", "text": "UNASSIGNED : Epidemiological studies of 1 , 3 - butadiene have suggest that exposures to humans are associated with chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ) .", "entities": [ "chronic myeloid leukemia", "CML" ] }, { "id": "3397", "type": "disease", "text": "CML has a well - documented association with ionizing radiation , but reports of associations with chemical exposures have been questioned .", "entities": [ "CML" ] }, { "id": "3398", "type": "disease", "text": "Ionizing radiation is capable of inducing the requisite CML - associated t ( 9 : 22 ) translocation ( Philadelphia chromosome ) in appropriate cells in vitro but , thus far , chemicals have not shown this capacity .", "entities": [ "CML", "Philadelphia chromosome" ] }, { "id": "3404", "type": "disease", "text": "Cancer incidence and metolachlor use in the Agricultural Health Study : An update .", "entities": [ "Cancer" ] }, { "id": "3406", "type": "disease", "text": "Environmental Protection Agency based on increased liver neoplasms in female rats .", "entities": [ "liver neoplasms" ] }, { "id": "3409", "type": "disease", "text": "We evaluated cancer incidence through 2010 / 2011 ( NC / IA ) for 49 , 616 applicators , 53 % of whom reported ever using metolachlor .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3410", "type": "disease", "text": "We used Poisson regression to evaluate relations between two metrics of metolachlor use ( lifetime days , intensity - weighted lifetime days ) and cancer incidence .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3411", "type": "disease", "text": "We saw no association between metolachlor use and incidence of all cancers combined ( n = 5 , 701 with a 5 - year lag ) or most site - specific cancers .", "entities": [ "cancers", "cancers" ] }, { "id": "3412", "type": "disease", "text": "For liver cancer , in analyses restricted to exposed workers , elevations observed at higher categories of use were not statistically significant .", "entities": [ "liver cancer" ] }, { "id": "3414", "type": "disease", "text": "A similar pattern was observed for follicular cell lymphoma , but no other lymphoma subtypes .", "entities": [ "follicular cell lymphoma", "lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "3415", "type": "disease", "text": "An earlier suggestion of increased lung cancer risk at high levels of metolachlor use in this cohort was not confirmed in this update .", "entities": [ "lung cancer" ] }, { "id": "3416", "type": "disease", "text": "This suggestion of an association between metolachlor and liver cancer among pesticide applicators is a novel finding and echoes observation of increased liver neoplasms in some animal studies .", "entities": [ "liver cancer", "liver neoplasms" ] }, { "id": "3417", "type": "disease", "text": "However , our findings for both liver cancer and follicular cell lymphoma warrant follow - up to better differentiate effects of metolachlor use from other factors .", "entities": [ "liver cancer", "lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "3421", "type": "disease", "text": "There is considerable interest in identifying the molecular mechanisms that relate early - life iAs exposure to the development of these latent diseases , particularly in relationship to cancer .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3422", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVES : This work summarizes research on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the increased risk of cancer development in adulthood that is associated with early - life iAs exposure .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3423", "type": "disease", "text": "DISCUSSION : Epigenetic reprogramming that imparts functional changes in gene expression , the development of cancer stem cells , and immunomodulation are plausible underlying mechanisms by which early - life iAs exposure elicits latent carcinogenic effects .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3424", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : Evidence is mounting that relates early - life iAs exposure and cancer development later in life .", "entities": [ "cancer" ] }, { "id": "3426", "type": "disease", "text": "Nifedipine induced bradycardia in a patient with autonomic neuropathy .", "entities": [ "bradycardia", "autonomic neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "3427", "type": "disease", "text": "An 80 year old diabetic male with evidence of peripheral and autonomic neuropathy was admitted with chest pain .", "entities": [ "diabetic", "peripheral and autonomic neuropathy", "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "3428", "type": "disease", "text": "He was found to have atrial flutter at a ventricular rate of 70 / min which slowed down to 30 - 40 / min when nifedipine ( 60 mg ) in 3 divided doses , during which he was paced at a rate of 70 / min .", "entities": [ "atrial flutter" ] }, { "id": "3429", "type": "disease", "text": "This is inconsistent with the well - established finding that nifedipine induces tachycardia in normally innervated hearts .", "entities": [ "tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "3430", "type": "disease", "text": "However , in hearts deprived of compensatory sympathetic drive , it may lead to bradycardia .", "entities": [ "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3434", "type": "disease", "text": "Haloperidol failed to prevent amphetamine - induced seizures , but did lower the mortality rate at most doses tested .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3435", "type": "disease", "text": "Haloperidol decreased the incidence of cocaine - induced seizures at the two highest doses , but the lowering of the mortality rate did not reach statistical significance at any dose .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3436", "type": "disease", "text": "These data suggest a protective role for the central dopamine blocker haloperidol against death from high - dose amphetamine exposure without reducing the incidence of seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3437", "type": "disease", "text": "In contrast , haloperidol demonstrated an ability to reduce cocaine - induced seizures without significantly reducing mortality .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3438", "type": "disease", "text": "Autoradiographic evidence of estrogen binding sites in nuclei of diethylstilbesterol induced hamster renal carcinomas .", "entities": [ "renal carcinomas" ] }, { "id": "3439", "type": "disease", "text": "Estrogen binding sites were demonstrated by autoradiography in one transplantable and five primary diethylstilbesterol induced renal carcinomas in three hamsters .", "entities": [ "renal carcinomas" ] }, { "id": "3440", "type": "disease", "text": "Radiolabelling , following the in vivo injection of 3H - 17 beta estradiol , was increased only over the nuclei of tumor cells ; stereologic analysis revealed a 4 . 5 - to 6 . 7 - times higher concentration of reduced silver grains over nuclei than cytoplasm of these cells .", "entities": [ "tumor" ] }, { "id": "3442", "type": "disease", "text": "This is the first published report documenting the preferential in vivo binding of estrogen to nuclei of cells in estrogen induced hamster renal carcinomas .", "entities": [ "renal carcinomas" ] }, { "id": "3443", "type": "disease", "text": "Bradycardia due to biperiden .", "entities": [ "Bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3444", "type": "disease", "text": "In a 38 - year - old male patient suffering from a severe postzosteric trigeminal neuralgia , intravenous application of 10 mg biperiden lactate led to a long - lasting paradoxical reaction characterized by considerable bradycardia , dysarthria , and dysphagia .", "entities": [ "trigeminal neuralgia", "bradycardia", "dysarthria", "dysphagia" ] }, { "id": "3446", "type": "disease", "text": "Bradycardia induced by biperiden is attributed to the speed of injection and to a dose - related dual effect of atropine - like drugs on muscarine receptors .", "entities": [ "Bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3447", "type": "disease", "text": "Deliberate hypotension induced by labetalol with halothane , enflurane or isoflurane for middle - ear surgery .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "3448", "type": "disease", "text": "The feasibility of using labetalol , an alpha - and beta - adrenergic blocking agent , as a hypotensive agent in combination with inhalation anaesthetics ( halothane , enflurane or isoflurane ) was studied in 23 adult patients undergoing middle - ear surgery .", "entities": [ "hypotensive" ] }, { "id": "3450", "type": "disease", "text": "The mean H concentration during hypotension in the inspiratory gas was 0 . 7 + / - 0 . 1 vol % , the mean E concentration 1 . 6 + / - 0 . 2 vol % , and the mean I concentration 1 . 0 + / - 0 . 1 vol % .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "3453", "type": "disease", "text": "During hypotension , the heart rate was stable without tachy - or bradycardia .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "tachy - or bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3454", "type": "disease", "text": "The operating conditions regarding bleeding were estimated in a double - blind manner , and did not differ significantly between the groups .", "entities": [ "bleeding" ] }, { "id": "3455", "type": "disease", "text": "During hypotension , the serum creatinine concentration rose significantly in all groups from the values before hypotension and returned postoperatively to the initial level in the other groups , except the isoflurane group .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "3456", "type": "disease", "text": "After hypotension there was no rebound phenomenon in either blood pressure or heart rate .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "3457", "type": "disease", "text": "These results indicate that labetalol induces easily adjustable hypotension without compensatory tachycardia and rebound hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "tachycardia", "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3458", "type": "disease", "text": "Convulsion following intravenous fluorescein angiography .", "entities": [ "Convulsion" ] }, { "id": "3459", "type": "disease", "text": "Tonic - clonic seizures followed intravenous fluorescein injection for fundus angiography in a 47 - year - old male .", "entities": [ "Tonic - clonic seizures" ] }, { "id": "3464", "type": "disease", "text": "ACC - 9653 and phenytoin sodium have equivalent anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by maximal electroshock ( MES ) in mice following i . p . , oral , or i . v . administration .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3466", "type": "disease", "text": "ACC - 9653 and phenytoin sodium have similar antiarrhythmic activity against ouabain - induced ventricular tachycardia in anesthetized dogs .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "3467", "type": "disease", "text": "The total doses of ACC - 9653 or phenytoin sodium necessary to convert the arrhythmia to a normal sinus rhythm were 24 + / - 6 and 14 + / - 3 mg / kg , respectively .", "entities": [ "arrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "3468", "type": "disease", "text": "Only phenytoin sodium displayed in vitro antiarrhythmic activity against strophanthidin - induced arrhythmias in guinea pig right atria .", "entities": [ "arrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "3472", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute toxicity studies of ACC - 9653 and phenytoin sodium were carried out in mice , rats , rabbits , and dogs by i . v . , i . m . , and i . p . routes of administration .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3475", "type": "disease", "text": "Tachyphylaxis to systemic but not to airway responses during prolonged therapy with high dose inhaled salbutamol in asthmatics .", "entities": [ "asthmatics" ] }, { "id": "3476", "type": "disease", "text": "High doses of inhaled salbutamol produce substantial improvements in airway response in patients with asthma , and are associated with dose - dependent systemic beta - adrenoceptor responses .", "entities": [ "asthma" ] }, { "id": "3478", "type": "disease", "text": "Twelve asthmatic patients ( FEV1 , 81 + / - 4 % predicted ) , requiring only occasional inhaled beta - agonists as their sole therapy , were given a 14 - day treatment with high dose inhaled salbutamol ( HDS ) , 4 , 000 micrograms daily , low dose inhaled salbutamol ( LDS ) , 800 micrograms daily , or placebo ( PI ) by metered - dose inhaler in a double - blind , randomized crossover design .", "entities": [ "asthmatic" ] }, { "id": "3480", "type": "disease", "text": "At the end of each 14 - day treatment , a dose - response curve ( DRC ) was performed , and airway ( FEV1 , FEF25 - 75 ) chronotropic ( HR ) , tremor , and metabolic ( K , Glu ) responses were measured at each step ( from 100 to 4 , 000 micrograms ) .", "entities": [ "tremor" ] }, { "id": "3485", "type": "disease", "text": "Frequency and severity of subjective adverse effects were also reduced after HDS : tremor ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , palpitations ( p less than 0 . 001 ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entities": [ "tremor", "palpitations" ] }, { "id": "3486", "type": "disease", "text": "Phenytoin induced fatal hepatic injury .", "entities": [ "hepatic injury" ] }, { "id": "3487", "type": "disease", "text": "A 61 year old female developed fatal hepatic failure after phenytoin administration .", "entities": [ "hepatic failure" ] }, { "id": "3488", "type": "disease", "text": "A typical multisystem clinical pattern precedes the manifestations of hepatic injury .", "entities": [ "hepatic injury" ] }, { "id": "3489", "type": "disease", "text": "The hematologic , biochemical and pathologic features indicate a mixed hepatocellular damage due to drug hypersensitivity .", "entities": [ "hepatocellular damage", "drug hypersensitivity" ] }, { "id": "3492", "type": "disease", "text": "We studied mortality after pertussis immunization in the mouse .", "entities": [ "pertussis" ] }, { "id": "3493", "type": "disease", "text": "Without treatment , 73 of 92 animals ( 80 % ) died after injection of bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) on day + 7 of pertussis immunization .", "entities": [ "pertussis" ] }, { "id": "3495", "type": "disease", "text": "Blockade of histamine H1 receptors may reduce mortality in pertussis immunization - induced encephalopathy in mice .", "entities": [ "pertussis", "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "3496", "type": "disease", "text": "Support for adrenaline - hypertension hypothesis : 18 hour pressor effect after 6 hours adrenaline infusion .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3502", "type": "disease", "text": "These findings are strong support for the adrenaline - hypertension hypothesis in man .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3503", "type": "disease", "text": "Effect of alkylxanthines on gentamicin - induced acute renal failure in the rat .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "3504", "type": "disease", "text": "Adenosine antagonists have been previously shown to be of benefit in some ischaemic and nephrotoxic models of acute renal failure ( ARF ) .", "entities": [ "ischaemic", "nephrotoxic", "acute renal failure", "ARF" ] }, { "id": "3505", "type": "disease", "text": "In the present study , the effects of three alkylxanthines with different potencies as adenosine antagonists 8 - phenyltheophylline , theophylline and enprofylline , were examined in rats developing acute renal failure after 4 daily injections of gentamicin ( 200 mg kg - 1 ) .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "3506", "type": "disease", "text": "Renal function was assessed by biochemical ( plasma urea and creatinine ) , functional ( urine analysis and [ 3H ] inulin and [ 14C ] p - aminohippuric acid clearances ) and morphological ( degree of necrosis ) indices .", "entities": [ "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "3509", "type": "disease", "text": "The lack of any consistent protective effect noted with the alkylxanthines tested in the present study indicates that adenosine plays little , if any , pathophysiological role in gentamicin - induced ARF .", "entities": [ "ARF" ] }, { "id": "3511", "type": "disease", "text": "A total of 261 adverse ocular reactions occurred in 237 patients who received isotretinoin , a commonly used drug in the treatment of severe cystic acne .", "entities": [ "acne" ] }, { "id": "3512", "type": "disease", "text": "Blepharoconjunctivitis , subjective complaints of dry eyes , blurred vision , contact lens intolerance , and photodermatitis are reversible side effects .", "entities": [ "Blepharoconjunctivitis", "dry eyes", "blurred vision", "photodermatitis" ] }, { "id": "3513", "type": "disease", "text": "More serious ocular adverse reactions include papilledema , pseudotumor cerebri , and white or gray subepithelial corneal opacities ; all of these are reversible if the drug is discontinued .", "entities": [ "papilledema", "pseudotumor cerebri", "corneal opacities" ] }, { "id": "3515", "type": "disease", "text": "Isotretinoin is contraindicated in pregnancy because of the many reported congenital abnormalities after maternal use ( including microphthalmos , orbital hypertelorism , and optic nerve hypoplasia ) .", "entities": [ "congenital abnormalities", "microphthalmos", "hypertelorism", "optic nerve hypoplasia" ] }, { "id": "3516", "type": "disease", "text": "Procaterol and terbutaline in bronchial asthma .", "entities": [ "bronchial asthma" ] }, { "id": "3518", "type": "disease", "text": "Procaterol , a new beta - 2 adrenoceptor stimulant , was studied in a double - blind , placebo - controlled , cross - over trial in patients with bronchial asthma .", "entities": [ "bronchial asthma" ] }, { "id": "3521", "type": "disease", "text": "Both anti - asthmatic and tremorgenic effects of procaterol were dose - related .", "entities": [ "asthmatic", "tremorgenic" ] }, { "id": "3523", "type": "disease", "text": "Subacute effects of propranolol and B 24 / 76 on isoproterenol - induced rat heart hypertrophy in correlation with blood pressure .", "entities": [ "heart hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "3525", "type": "disease", "text": "The studies were performed using an experimental model of isoproterenol - induced heart hypertrophy in rats .", "entities": [ "heart hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "3526", "type": "disease", "text": "A correlation of the blood pressure was neither found in the development nor in the attempt to suppress the development of heart hypertrophy with the two beta - receptor blockers .", "entities": [ "heart hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "3527", "type": "disease", "text": "Both beta - blockers influenced the development of hypertrophy to a different , but not reproducible extent .", "entities": [ "hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "3528", "type": "disease", "text": "It was possible to suppress the increased ornithine decarboxylase activity with both beta - blockers in hypertrophied hearts , but there was no effect on the heart mass .", "entities": [ "hypertrophied hearts" ] }, { "id": "3529", "type": "disease", "text": "Neither propranolol nor B 24 / 76 could stop the changes in the characteristic myosin isoenzyme pattern of the hypertrophied rat heart .", "entities": [ "hypertrophied" ] }, { "id": "3530", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus , the investigations did not provide any evidence that the beta - receptor blockers propranolol and B 24 / 76 have the potency to prevent isoproterenol from producing heart hypertrophy .", "entities": [ "heart hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "3531", "type": "disease", "text": "Increased anxiogenic effects of caffeine in panic disorders .", "entities": [ "panic disorders" ] }, { "id": "3532", "type": "disease", "text": "The effects of oral administration of caffeine ( 10 mg / kg ) on behavioral ratings , somatic symptoms , blood pressure and plasma levels of 3 - methoxy - 4 - hydroxyphenethyleneglycol ( MHPG ) and cortisol were determined in 17 healthy subjects and 21 patients meeting DSM - III criteria for agoraphobia with panic attacks or panic disorder .", "entities": [ "agoraphobia", "panic attacks", "panic disorder" ] }, { "id": "3533", "type": "disease", "text": "Caffeine produced significantly greater increases in subject - rated anxiety , nervousness , fear , nausea , palpitations , restlessness , and tremors in the patients compared with healthy subjects .", "entities": [ "anxiety", "nausea", "palpitations", "restlessness", "tremors" ] }, { "id": "3535", "type": "disease", "text": "Seventy - one percent of the patients reported that the behavioral effects of caffeine were similar to those experienced during panic attacks .", "entities": [ "panic attacks" ] }, { "id": "3538", "type": "disease", "text": "Because caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist , these results suggest that some panic disorder patients may have abnormalities in neuronal systems involving adenosine .", "entities": [ "panic disorder", "abnormalities in neuronal systems" ] }, { "id": "3539", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with anxiety disorders may benefit by avoiding caffeine - containing foods and beverages .", "entities": [ "anxiety disorders" ] }, { "id": "3540", "type": "disease", "text": "Comparison of the effect of oxitropium bromide and of slow - release theophylline on nocturnal asthma .", "entities": [ "asthma" ] }, { "id": "3541", "type": "disease", "text": "The effects of a new inhaled antimuscarinic drug , oxitropium bromide , and of a slow - release theophylline preparation upon nocturnal asthma were compared in a placebo - controlled double - blind study .", "entities": [ "asthma" ] }, { "id": "3546", "type": "disease", "text": "No subject reported side effects of oxitropium , as compared to three subjects reporting nausea , vomiting and tremors after theophylline .", "entities": [ "nausea", "vomiting", "tremors" ] }, { "id": "3547", "type": "disease", "text": "Oxitropium proves to be a valuable alternative to theophylline in nocturnal asthma , since it is equally potent , safer and does not require the titration of dosage .", "entities": [ "asthma" ] }, { "id": "3548", "type": "disease", "text": "Penicillin anaphylaxis .", "entities": [ "anaphylaxis" ] }, { "id": "3549", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of oral penicillin anaphylaxis is described , and the terminology , occurrence , clinical manifestations , pathogenesis , prevention , and treatment of anaphylaxis are reviewed .", "entities": [ "anaphylaxis", "anaphylaxis" ] }, { "id": "3550", "type": "disease", "text": "Emergency physicians should be aware of oral penicillin anaphylaxis in order to prevent its occurrence by prescribing the antibiotic judiciously and knowledgeably and to offer optimal medical therapy once this life - threatening reaction has begun .", "entities": [ "anaphylaxis" ] }, { "id": "3551", "type": "disease", "text": "Reversible valproic acid - induced dementia : a case report .", "entities": [ "dementia" ] }, { "id": "3552", "type": "disease", "text": "Reversible valproic acid - induced dementia was documented in a 21 - year - old man with epilepsy who had a 3 - year history of insidious progressive decline in global cognitive abilities documented by serial neuropsychological studies .", "entities": [ "dementia", "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "3554", "type": "disease", "text": "Possible pathophysiological mechanisms which may have been operative in this case include : a direct central nervous system ( CNS ) toxic effect of valproic acid ; a paradoxical epileptogenic effect secondary to the drug ; and an indirect CNS toxic effect mediated through valproic acid - induced hyperammonemia .", "entities": [ "hyperammonemia" ] }, { "id": "3555", "type": "disease", "text": "Reversal of scopolamine - induced amnesia of passive avoidance by pre - and post - training naloxone .", "entities": [ "amnesia" ] }, { "id": "3556", "type": "disease", "text": "In a series of five experiments , the modulating role of naloxone on a scopolamine - induced retention deficit in a passive avoidance paradigm was investigated in mice .", "entities": [ "retention deficit" ] }, { "id": "3557", "type": "disease", "text": "Scopolamine , but not methyl scopolamine ( 1 and 3 mg / kg ) , induced an amnesia as measured by latency and duration parameters .", "entities": [ "amnesia" ] }, { "id": "3558", "type": "disease", "text": "Naloxone ( 0 . 3 , 1 , 3 , and 10 mg / kg ) injected prior to training attenuated the retention deficit with a peak of activity at 3 mg / kg .", "entities": [ "retention deficit" ] }, { "id": "3560", "type": "disease", "text": "Post - training administration of naloxone ( 3 mg / kg ) as a single or as a split dose also attenuated the scopolamine - induced amnesia .", "entities": [ "amnesia" ] }, { "id": "3561", "type": "disease", "text": "Control experiments indicated that neither an increase in pain sensitivity ( pre - training naloxone ) nor an induced aversive state ( post - training naloxone ) appear to be responsible for the influence of naloxone on the scopolamine - induced retention deficit .", "entities": [ "pain", "retention deficit" ] }, { "id": "3564", "type": "disease", "text": "Electron microscopic investigations of the cyclophosphamide - induced lesions of the urinary bladder of the rat and their prevention by mesna .", "entities": [ "lesions of the urinary bladder" ] }, { "id": "3565", "type": "disease", "text": "Fully developed cyclophosphamide - induced cystitis is characterized by nearly complete detachment of the urothelium , severe submucosal edema owing to damage to the microvascular bed and focal muscle necroses .", "entities": [ "cystitis", "edema", "necroses" ] }, { "id": "3568", "type": "disease", "text": "Subsequent breaks in the lateral cell membranes of the superficial cells and in all the plasma membranes of the intermediate and basal cells , intercellular and intracellular edema and disintegration of the desmosomes and hemidesmosomes lead to progressive degeneration and detachment of the epithelial cells with exposure and splitting of the basal membrane .", "entities": [ "edema" ] }, { "id": "3572", "type": "disease", "text": "Increase in intragastric pressure during suxamethonium - induced muscle fasciculations in children : inhibition by alfentanil .", "entities": [ "muscle fasciculations" ] }, { "id": "3575", "type": "disease", "text": "The incidence and intensity of muscle fasciculations caused by suxamethonium were significantly greater in the control than in the alfentanil group .", "entities": [ "muscle fasciculations" ] }, { "id": "3576", "type": "disease", "text": "The intragastric pressure during muscle fasciculations was significantly higher in the control group ( 16 + / - 0 . 7 ( SEM ) cm H2O ) than in the alfentanil group ( 7 . 7 + / - 1 . 5 ( SEM ) cm H2O ) .", "entities": [ "muscle fasciculations" ] }, { "id": "3577", "type": "disease", "text": "The increase in intragastric pressure was directly related to the intensity of muscle fasciculations ( regression line : y = 0 . 5 + 4 . 78x with r of 0 . 78 ) .", "entities": [ "muscle fasciculations" ] }, { "id": "3578", "type": "disease", "text": "It is concluded that intragastric pressure increases significantly during muscle fasciculations caused by suxamethonium in healthy children .", "entities": [ "muscle fasciculations" ] }, { "id": "3579", "type": "disease", "text": "Alfentanil 50 micrograms kg - 1 effectively inhibits the incidence and intensity of suxamethonium - induced muscle fasciculations ; moreover , intragastric pressure remains at its control value .", "entities": [ "muscle fasciculations" ] }, { "id": "3580", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute insulin treatment normalizes the resistance to the cardiotoxic effect of isoproterenol in streptozotocin diabetic rats .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxic", "diabetic" ] }, { "id": "3581", "type": "disease", "text": "A morphometric study of isoproterenol induced myocardial fibrosis .", "entities": [ "fibrosis" ] }, { "id": "3582", "type": "disease", "text": "The acute effect of insulin treatment on the earlier reported protective effect of streptozotocin diabetes against the cardiotoxic effect of high doses of isoproterenol ( ISO ) was investigated in rats .", "entities": [ "diabetes", "cardiotoxic" ] }, { "id": "3583", "type": "disease", "text": "Thirty to 135 min after the injection of crystalline insulin , ISO was given subcutaneously and when ISO induced fibrosis in the myocardium was morphometrically analyzed 7 days later , a highly significant correlation ( r = 0 . 83 , 2 p = 0 . 006 ) to the slope of the fall in blood glucose after insulin treatment appeared .", "entities": [ "fibrosis" ] }, { "id": "3584", "type": "disease", "text": "The myocardial content of catecholamines was estimated in these 8 day diabetic rats .", "entities": [ "diabetic" ] }, { "id": "3587", "type": "disease", "text": "The rapid reversion after insulin treatment excludes the possibility that streptozotocin in itself causes the ISO resistance and points towards a direct insulin effect on myocardial catecholamine sensitivity in diabetic rats .", "entities": [ "diabetic" ] }, { "id": "3588", "type": "disease", "text": "The phenomenon described might elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms behind toxic myocardial cell degeneration and may possibly have relevance for acute cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients .", "entities": [ "diabetic" ] }, { "id": "3589", "type": "disease", "text": "Differential effects of non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs on seizures produced by pilocarpine in rats .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3590", "type": "disease", "text": "The muscarinic cholinergic agonist pilocarpine induces in rats seizures and status epilepticus followed by widespread damage to the forebrain .", "entities": [ "seizures", "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "3591", "type": "disease", "text": "The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 5 non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs , sodium salicylate , phenylbutazone , indomethacin , ibuprofen and mefenamic acid , on seizures produced by pilocarpine .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3593", "type": "disease", "text": "Indomethacin , 1 - 10 mg / kg , and ibuprofen , 10 - 100 mg / kg , failed to modulate seizures produced by pilocarpine .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3594", "type": "disease", "text": "Mefenamic acid , 26 ( 22 - 30 ) mg / kg , prevented seizures and protected rats from seizure - related brain damage induced by pilocarpine , 380 mg / kg .", "entities": [ "seizures", "seizure", "brain damage" ] }, { "id": "3595", "type": "disease", "text": "These results indicate that non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs differentially modulate the threshold for pilocarpine - induced seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3596", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute neurologic dysfunction after high - dose etoposide therapy for malignant glioma .", "entities": [ "Acute neurologic dysfunction", "malignant glioma" ] }, { "id": "3597", "type": "disease", "text": "Etoposide ( VP - 16 - 213 ) has been used in the treatment of many solid tumors and hematologic malignancies .", "entities": [ "tumors", "hematologic malignancies" ] }, { "id": "3598", "type": "disease", "text": "When used in high doses and in conjunction with autologous bone marrow transplantation , this agent has activity against several treatment - resistant cancers including malignant glioma .", "entities": [ "cancers", "malignant glioma" ] }, { "id": "3599", "type": "disease", "text": "In six of eight patients ( 75 % ) who we treated for recurrent or resistant glioma , sudden severe neurologic deterioration occurred .", "entities": [ "glioma", "neurologic deterioration" ] }, { "id": "3601", "type": "disease", "text": "Significant clinical manifestations have included confusion , papilledema , somnolence , exacerbation of motor deficits , and sharp increase in seizure activity .", "entities": [ "confusion", "papilledema", "somnolence", "motor deficits", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3603", "type": "disease", "text": "In all patients , computerized tomographic ( CT ) brain scans demonstrated stability in tumor size and peritumor edema when compared with pretransplant scans .", "entities": [ "tumor", "edema" ] }, { "id": "3604", "type": "disease", "text": "This complication appears to represent a significant new toxicity of high - dose etoposide therapy for malignant glioma .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "malignant glioma" ] }, { "id": "3605", "type": "disease", "text": "Progressive bile duct injury after thiabendazole administration .", "entities": [ "bile duct injury" ] }, { "id": "3606", "type": "disease", "text": "A 27 - yr - old man developed jaundice 2 wk after exposure to thiabendazole .", "entities": [ "jaundice" ] }, { "id": "3607", "type": "disease", "text": "Cholestasis persisted for 3 yr , at which time a liver transplant was performed .", "entities": [ "Cholestasis" ] }, { "id": "3609", "type": "disease", "text": "Prominent fibrosis and hepatocellular regeneration were also present ; however , the lobular architecture was preserved .", "entities": [ "fibrosis" ] }, { "id": "3610", "type": "disease", "text": "This case represents an example of \" idiosyncratic \" drug - induced liver damage in which the primary target of injury is the bile duct .", "entities": [ "drug - induced liver damage" ] }, { "id": "3611", "type": "disease", "text": "An autoimmune pathogenesis of the bile duct destruction is suggested .", "entities": [ "bile duct destruction" ] }, { "id": "3613", "type": "disease", "text": "Increasing recognition of the importance of calcium in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease has stimulated research into the use of calcium channel blocking agents for treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases .", "entities": [ "cardiovascular disease", "cardiovascular diseases" ] }, { "id": "3617", "type": "disease", "text": "As the first dihydropyridine available for use in the United States , nifedipine controls angina and hypertension with minimal depression of cardiac function .", "entities": [ "angina", "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3619", "type": "disease", "text": "Once or twice daily dosage possible with nitrendipine and nisoldipine offers a convenient administration schedule , which encourages patient compliance in long - term therapy of hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3620", "type": "disease", "text": "The coronary vasodilating properties of nisoldipine have led to the investigation of this agent for use in angina .", "entities": [ "angina" ] }, { "id": "3621", "type": "disease", "text": "Selectivity for the cerebrovascular bed makes nimodipine potentially useful in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage , migraine headache , dementia , and stroke .", "entities": [ "subarachnoid hemorrhage", "migraine headache", "dementia", "stroke" ] }, { "id": "3622", "type": "disease", "text": "In general , the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are usually well tolerated , with headache , facial flushing , palpitations , edema , nausea , anorexia , and dizziness being the more common adverse effects .", "entities": [ "headache", "flushing", "palpitations", "edema", "nausea", "anorexia", "dizziness" ] }, { "id": "3623", "type": "disease", "text": "The enhancement of aminonucleoside nephrosis by the co - administration of protamine .", "entities": [ "nephrosis" ] }, { "id": "3624", "type": "disease", "text": "An experimental model of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis ( FSGS ) was developed in rats by the combined administration of puromycin - aminonucleoside ( AMNS ) and protamine sulfate ( PS ) .", "entities": [ "focal segmental glomerular sclerosis", "FSGS" ] }, { "id": "3628", "type": "disease", "text": "They developed nephrotic syndrome and finally renal failure .", "entities": [ "nephrotic syndrome", "renal failure" ] }, { "id": "3630", "type": "disease", "text": "Their glomeruli showed changes of progressive FSGS .", "entities": [ "FSGS" ] }, { "id": "3632", "type": "disease", "text": "Therefore , it is suggested that the administration of PS enhances the toxicity of AMNS on the glomerulus and readily produces progressive FSGS in rats resulting in the end - stage renal disease .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "FSGS", "end - stage renal disease" ] }, { "id": "3633", "type": "disease", "text": "Theophylline neurotoxicity in pregnant rats .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3634", "type": "disease", "text": "The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the neurotoxicity of theophylline is altered in advanced pregnancy .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3635", "type": "disease", "text": "Sprague - Dawley rats that were 20 days pregnant and nonpregnant rats of the same age and strain received infusions of aminophylline until onset of maximal seizures which occurred after 28 and 30 minutes respectively .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3638", "type": "disease", "text": "Fetal serum concentrations at onset of seizures in the mother were similar to maternal brain and CSF concentrations and correlated significantly with the former .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3639", "type": "disease", "text": "It is concluded that advanced pregnancy has a negligible effect on the neurotoxic response to theophylline in rats .", "entities": [ "neurotoxic" ] }, { "id": "3640", "type": "disease", "text": "Hyperkalemia induced by indomethacin and naproxen and reversed by fludrocortisone .", "entities": [ "Hyperkalemia" ] }, { "id": "3641", "type": "disease", "text": "We have described a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis and a history of mefenamic acid nephropathy in whom hyperkalemia and inappropriate hypoaldosteronism were caused by both indomethacin and naproxen , without major decline in renal function .", "entities": [ "rheumatoid arthritis", "nephropathy", "hyperkalemia", "hypoaldosteronism" ] }, { "id": "3642", "type": "disease", "text": "It is likely that preexisting renal disease predisposed this patient to type IV renal tubular acidosis with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors .", "entities": [ "renal disease", "type IV renal tubular acidosis" ] }, { "id": "3643", "type": "disease", "text": "Because he was unable to discontinue nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drug therapy , fludrocortisone was added , correcting the hyperkalemia and allowing indomethacin therapy to be continued safely .", "entities": [ "hyperkalemia" ] }, { "id": "3644", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypotension as a manifestation of cardiotoxicity in three patients receiving cisplatin and 5 - fluorouracil .", "entities": [ "Hypotension", "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3645", "type": "disease", "text": "Cardiac symptoms , including hypotension , developed in three patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma while being treated with cisplatin ( CDDP ) and 5 - fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "colorectal carcinoma" ] }, { "id": "3646", "type": "disease", "text": "In two patients , hypotension was associated with severe left ventricular dysfunction .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "left ventricular dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "3649", "type": "disease", "text": "The presentation and cardiac evaluation ( hemodynamic , echocardiographic , and scintigraphic ) of these patients suggest new manifestations of 5 - FU cardiotoxicity that may be influenced by CDDP .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3651", "type": "disease", "text": "Fatal aplastic anemia in a patient treated with carbamazepine .", "entities": [ "aplastic anemia" ] }, { "id": "3652", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of fatal aplastic anemia due to carbamazepine treatment in an epileptic woman is reported .", "entities": [ "aplastic anemia", "epileptic" ] }, { "id": "3653", "type": "disease", "text": "Despite concerns of fatal bone marrow toxicity due to carbamazepine , this is only the fourth documented and published report .", "entities": [ "bone marrow toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3655", "type": "disease", "text": "Participation of a bulbospinal serotonergic pathway in the rat brain in clonidine - induced hypotension and bradycardia .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3658", "type": "disease", "text": "The clonidine - induced hypotension was antagonized by prior spinal transection , but not bilateral vagotomy .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "3659", "type": "disease", "text": "On the other hand , the clonidine - induced bradycardia was antagonized by prior bilateral vagotomy , but not spinal transection .", "entities": [ "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3660", "type": "disease", "text": "Furthermore , selective destruction of the spinal 5 - HT nerves , produced by bilateral spinal injection of 5 , 7 - dihydroxytryptamine , reduced the magnitude of the vasodepressor or the bradycardiac responses to clonidine microinjected into the area near the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata in rats .", "entities": [ "bradycardiac" ] }, { "id": "3661", "type": "disease", "text": "The data indicate that a bulbospinal serotonergic pathway is involved in development of clonidine - induced hypotension and bradycardia .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3662", "type": "disease", "text": "The induced hypotension is brought about by a decrease in sympathetic efferent activity , whereas the induced bradycardia was due to an increase in vagal efferent activity .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3663", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypertension in neuroblastoma induced by imipramine .", "entities": [ "Hypertension", "neuroblastoma" ] }, { "id": "3664", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypertension is a well - known finding in some patients with neuroblastoma .", "entities": [ "Hypertension", "neuroblastoma" ] }, { "id": "3666", "type": "disease", "text": "We report the occurrence of severe hypertension ( blood pressure 190 / 160 ) in a 4 - year - old girl with neuroblastoma who was given Imipramine to control a behavior disorder .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "neuroblastoma", "behavior disorder" ] }, { "id": "3667", "type": "disease", "text": "It was determined later that this patient ' s tumor was recurring at the time of her hypertensive episode .", "entities": [ "tumor", "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "3668", "type": "disease", "text": "Since she had no blood pressure elevation at initial diagnosis and none following discontinuation of the Imipramine ( when she was in florid relapse ) , we believe that this drug rather than her underlying disease alone caused her hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3670", "type": "disease", "text": "From this experience , we urge extreme caution in the use of tricyclic antidepressants in children with active neuroblastoma .", "entities": [ "neuroblastoma" ] }, { "id": "3671", "type": "disease", "text": "Rechallenge of patients who developed oral candidiasis or hoarseness with beclomethasone dipropionate .", "entities": [ "oral candidiasis", "hoarseness" ] }, { "id": "3672", "type": "disease", "text": "Of 158 asthmatic patients who were placed on inhaled beclomethasone , 15 ( 9 . 5 % ) developed either hoarseness ( 8 ) , oral thrush ( 6 ) , or both ( 1 ) .", "entities": [ "asthmatic", "hoarseness", "thrush" ] }, { "id": "3674", "type": "disease", "text": "These included five cases who developed hoarseness and three who developed Candidiasis .", "entities": [ "hoarseness", "Candidiasis" ] }, { "id": "3676", "type": "disease", "text": "Oral thrush did not recur , but 60 % ( 3 / 5 ) of patients with hoarseness had recurrence .", "entities": [ "thrush", "hoarseness" ] }, { "id": "3677", "type": "disease", "text": "We conclude that patients may be restarted on inhaled beclomethasone when clinically indicated ; however , because of the high recurrence rate , patients who develop hoarseness should not be re - challenged .", "entities": [ "hoarseness" ] }, { "id": "3678", "type": "disease", "text": "Concomitant use of oral prednisone and topical beclomethasone may increase the risk of developing hoarseness or candidiasis .", "entities": [ "hoarseness", "candidiasis" ] }, { "id": "3679", "type": "disease", "text": "Cyclophosphamide cardiotoxicity : an analysis of dosing as a risk factor .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3681", "type": "disease", "text": "At these high doses of CYA , serious cardiotoxicity may occur , but definitive risk factors for the development of such cardiotoxicity have not been described .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity", "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3682", "type": "disease", "text": "Since chemotherapeutic agent toxicity generally correlates with dose per body surface area , we retrospectively calculated the dose of CYA in patients transplanted at our institution to determine whether the incidence of CYA cardiotoxicity correlated with the dose per body surface area .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3683", "type": "disease", "text": "Eighty patients who were to receive CYA 50 mg / kg / d for four days as preparation for marrow grafting underwent a total of 84 transplants for aplastic anemia , Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome , or severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome .", "entities": [ "aplastic anemia", "Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome", "severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome" ] }, { "id": "3684", "type": "disease", "text": "Fourteen of 84 ( 17 % ) patients had symptoms and signs consistent with CYA cardiotoxicity within ten days of receiving 1 to 4 doses of CYA .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3685", "type": "disease", "text": "Six of the 14 patients died with congestive heart failure .", "entities": [ "congestive heart failure" ] }, { "id": "3687", "type": "disease", "text": "Cardiotoxicity that was thought to be related to CYA occurred in 1 / 32 ( 3 % ) of patients in Group 1 and in 13 / 52 ( 25 % ) patients in Group 2 ( P less than 0 . 025 ) .", "entities": [ "Cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3688", "type": "disease", "text": "Congestive heart failure caused or contributed to death in 0 / 32 patients in Group 1 v 6 / 52 ( 12 % ) of patients in Group 2 ( P less than 0 . 25 ) .", "entities": [ "Congestive heart failure" ] }, { "id": "3690", "type": "disease", "text": "We conclude that the CYA cardiotoxicity correlates with CYA dosage as calculated by body surface area , and that patients with aplastic anemia and immunodeficiencies can be effectively prepared for bone marrow grafting at a CYA dose of 1 . 55 g / m2 / d for four days with a lower incidence of cardiotoxicity than patients whose CYA dosage is calculated based on weight .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity", "aplastic anemia", "immunodeficiencies", "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3691", "type": "disease", "text": "This study reaffirms the principle that drug toxicity correlates with dose per body surface area .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "3692", "type": "disease", "text": "Studies of risk factors for aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3693", "type": "disease", "text": "The epidemiology of aminoglycoside - induced nephrotoxicity is not fully understood .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3694", "type": "disease", "text": "Experimental studies in healthy human volunteers indicate aminoglycosides cause proximal tubular damage in most patients , but rarely , if ever , cause glomerular or tubular dysfunction .", "entities": [ "glomerular or tubular dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "3695", "type": "disease", "text": "Clinical trials of aminoglycosides in seriously ill patients indicate that the relative risk for developing acute renal failure during therapy ranges from 8 to 10 and that the attributable risk is 70 % to 80 % .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "3696", "type": "disease", "text": "Further analysis of these data suggests that the duration of therapy , plasma aminoglycoside levels , liver disease , advanced age , high initial estimated creatinine clearance and , possibly , female gender all increase the risk for nephrotoxicity .", "entities": [ "liver disease", "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3697", "type": "disease", "text": "Other causes of acute renal failure , such as shock , appear to have an additive effect .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure", "shock" ] }, { "id": "3699", "type": "disease", "text": "These models may also be useful in developing insights into the pathophysiology of aminoglycoside - induced nephrotoxicity .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3703", "type": "disease", "text": "The effect of clonidine , naphazoline and xylometazoline on analgesia induced by morphine , codeine , fentanyl and pentazocine , and on cataleptic effect of morphine , codine and fentanyl was studied in rats .", "entities": [ "cataleptic" ] }, { "id": "3705", "type": "disease", "text": "It was found that three drugs stimulating central NA receptors failed to affect the analgesic ED50 of all antinociceptive agents and they enhanced catalepsy induced by morphine and fentanyl .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3706", "type": "disease", "text": "Codeine catalepsy was increased by clonidine and decreased by naphazoline and xylometazoline .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3712", "type": "disease", "text": "Flurothyl seizure thresholds in mice treated neonatally with a single injection of monosodium glutamate ( MSG ) : evaluation of experimental parameters in flurothyl seizure testing .", "entities": [ "seizure", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3713", "type": "disease", "text": "Monosodium glutamate ( MSG ) administration to neonatal rodents produces convulsions and results in numerous biochemical and behavioral deficits .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "3714", "type": "disease", "text": "These studies were undertaken to determine if neonatal administration of MSG produced permanent alterations in seizure susceptibility , since previous investigations were inconclusive .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3715", "type": "disease", "text": "A flurothyl ether seizure screening technique was used to evaluate seizure susceptibility in adult mice that received neonatal injections of MSG ( 4 mg / g and 1 mg / g ) .", "entities": [ "seizure", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3716", "type": "disease", "text": "MSG treatment resulted in significant reductions in whole brain weight but did not alter seizure threshold .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3717", "type": "disease", "text": "A naloxone ( 5 mg / kg ) challenge was also ineffective in altering the seizure thresholds of either control of MSG - treated mice .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3718", "type": "disease", "text": "Flurothyl ether produced hypothermia which was correlated with the duration of flurothyl exposure ; however , the relationship of hypothermia to seizure induction was unclear .", "entities": [ "hypothermia", "hypothermia", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3719", "type": "disease", "text": "Flurothyl seizure testing proved to be a rapid and reliable technique with which to evaluate seizure susceptibility .", "entities": [ "seizure", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3720", "type": "disease", "text": "Susceptibility to seizures produced by pilocarpine in rats after microinjection of isoniazid or gamma - vinyl - GABA into the substantia nigra .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3721", "type": "disease", "text": "Pilocarpine , given intraperitoneally to rats , reproduces the neuropathological sequelae of temporal lobe epilepsy and provides a relevant animal model for studying mechanisms of buildup of convulsive activity and pathways operative in the generalization and propagation of seizures within the forebrain .", "entities": [ "temporal lobe epilepsy", "convulsive", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3722", "type": "disease", "text": "In the present study , the effects of manipulating the activity of the gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) - mediated synaptic inhibition within the substantia nigra on seizures produced by pilocarpine in rats , were investigated .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3723", "type": "disease", "text": "In animals pretreated with microinjections of isoniazid , 150 micrograms , an inhibitor of activity of the GABA - synthesizing enzyme , L - glutamic acid decarboxylase , into the substantia nigra pars reticulata ( SNR ) , bilaterally , non - convulsant doses of pilocarpine , 100 and 200 mg / kg , resulted in severe motor limbic seizures and status epilepticus .", "entities": [ "seizures", "status epilepticus" ] }, { "id": "3724", "type": "disease", "text": "Electroencephalographic and behavioral monitoring revealed a profound reduction of the threshold for pilocarpine - induced convulsions .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "3725", "type": "disease", "text": "Morphological analysis of frontal forebrain sections with light microscopy revealed seizure - related damage to the hippocampal formation , thalamus , amygdala , olfactory cortex , substantia nigra and neocortex , which is typically observed with pilocarpine in doses exceeding 350 mg / kg .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3726", "type": "disease", "text": "Bilateral intrastriatal injections of isoniazid did not augment seizures produced by pilocarpine , 200 mg / kg .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3727", "type": "disease", "text": "Application of an irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase , gamma - vinyl - GABA ( D , L - 4 - amino - hex - 5 - enoic acid ) , 5 micrograms , into the SNR , bilaterally , suppressed the appearance of electrographic and behavioral seizures produced by pilocarpine , 380 mg / kg .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3728", "type": "disease", "text": "This treatment was also sufficient to protect animals from the occurrence of brain damage .", "entities": [ "brain damage" ] }, { "id": "3729", "type": "disease", "text": "Microinjections of gamma - vinyl - GABA , 5 micrograms , into the dorsal striatum , bilaterally , failed to prevent the development of convulsions produced by pilocarpine , 380 mg / kg .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "3730", "type": "disease", "text": "The results demonstrate that the threshold for pilocarpine - induced seizures in rats is subjected to the regulation of the GABA - mediated synaptic inhibition within the substantia nigra .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3731", "type": "disease", "text": "Human and canine ventricular vasoactive intestinal polypeptide : decrease with heart failure .", "entities": [ "heart failure" ] }, { "id": "3733", "type": "disease", "text": "Myocardial levels of VIP were assayed before and after the development of heart failure in two canine models .", "entities": [ "heart failure" ] }, { "id": "3734", "type": "disease", "text": "In the first , cobalt cardiomyopathy was induced in eight dogs ; VIP ( by radioimmunoassay ) decreased from 35 + / - 11 pg / mg protein ( mean + / - SD ) to 5 + / - 4 pg / mg protein ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entities": [ "cardiomyopathy" ] }, { "id": "3735", "type": "disease", "text": "In six dogs with doxorubicin - induced heart failure , VIP decreased from 31 + / - 7 to 11 + / - 4 pg / mg protein ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entities": [ "heart failure" ] }, { "id": "3736", "type": "disease", "text": "In addition , VIP content of left ventricular muscle of resected failing hearts in 10 patients receiving a heart transplant was compared with the papillary muscles in 14 patients ( five with rheumatic disease , nine with myxomatous degeneration ) receiving mitral valve prostheses .", "entities": [ "rheumatic disease", "myxomatous degeneration" ] }, { "id": "3737", "type": "disease", "text": "The lowest myocardial VIP concentration was found in the hearts of patients with coronary disease ( one patient receiving a transplant and three receiving mitral prostheses ) ( 6 . 3 + / - 1 . 9 pg / mg protein ) .", "entities": [ "coronary disease" ] }, { "id": "3739", "type": "disease", "text": "The hearts without coronary artery disease ( average ejection fraction of this group 62 % + / - 10 % ) had a VIP concentration of 14 . 1 + / - 7 . 9 pg / mg protein , and this was greater than in hearts of the patients with coronary disease and the hearts of patients receiving a transplant ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entities": [ "coronary artery disease", "coronary disease" ] }, { "id": "3741", "type": "disease", "text": "Non - invasive detection of coronary artery disease by body surface electrocardiographic mapping after dipyridamole infusion .", "entities": [ "coronary artery disease" ] }, { "id": "3742", "type": "disease", "text": "Electrocardiographic changes after dipyridamole infusion ( 0 . 568 mg / kg / 4 min ) were studied in 41 patients with coronary artery disease and compared with those after submaximal treadmill exercise by use of the body surface mapping technique .", "entities": [ "coronary artery disease" ] }, { "id": "3743", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients were divided into three groups ; 19 patients without myocardial infarction ( non - MI group ) , 14 with anterior infarction ( ANT - MI ) and eight with inferior infarction ( INF - MI ) .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction", "MI", "anterior infarction", "ANT - MI", "inferior infarction", "INF - MI" ] }, { "id": "3745", "type": "disease", "text": "After dipyridamole , ischemic ST - segment depression ( 0 . 05 mV or more ) was observed in 84 % of the non - MI group , 29 % of the ANT - MI group , 63 % of the INF - MI group and 61 % of the total population .", "entities": [ "ischemic", "depression", "MI", "ANT - MI", "INF - MI" ] }, { "id": "3746", "type": "disease", "text": "Exercise - induced ST depression was observed in 84 % of the non - MI group , 43 % of the ANT - MI group , 38 % of the INF - MI group and 61 % of the total .", "entities": [ "depression", "MI", "ANT - MI", "INF - MI" ] }, { "id": "3747", "type": "disease", "text": "For individual patients , there were no obvious differences between the body surface distribution of ST depression in both tests .", "entities": [ "depression" ] }, { "id": "3749", "type": "disease", "text": "The data suggest that the dipyridamole - induced myocardial ischemia is caused by the inhomogenous distribution of myocardial blood flow .", "entities": [ "myocardial ischemia" ] }, { "id": "3750", "type": "disease", "text": "We conclude that the dipyridamole ECG test is as useful as the exercise ECG test for the assessment of coronary artery disease .", "entities": [ "coronary artery disease" ] }, { "id": "3751", "type": "disease", "text": "Bradycardia after high - dose intravenous methylprednisolone therapy .", "entities": [ "Bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3752", "type": "disease", "text": "In 5 consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received intravenous high - dose methylprednisolone ( MP ) therapy ( 1 g daily for 2 or 3 consecutive days ) , a decline in pulse rate was observed , most pronounced on day 4 .", "entities": [ "rheumatoid arthritis" ] }, { "id": "3753", "type": "disease", "text": "In one of the 5 patients the bradycardia was associated with complaints of substernal pressure .", "entities": [ "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3755", "type": "disease", "text": "Electrocardiographic registrations showed sinus bradycardia in all cases .", "entities": [ "sinus bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3758", "type": "disease", "text": "High - dose MP may be contraindicated in patients with known heart disease .", "entities": [ "heart disease" ] }, { "id": "3759", "type": "disease", "text": "Two cases of downbeat nystagmus and oscillopsia associated with carbamazepine .", "entities": [ "downbeat nystagmus", "oscillopsia" ] }, { "id": "3760", "type": "disease", "text": "Downbeat nystagmus is often associated with structural lesions at the craniocervical junction , but has occasionally been reported as a manifestation of metabolic imbalance or drug intoxication .", "entities": [ "Downbeat nystagmus" ] }, { "id": "3761", "type": "disease", "text": "We recorded the eye movements of two patients with reversible downbeat nystagmus related to carbamazepine therapy .", "entities": [ "downbeat nystagmus" ] }, { "id": "3762", "type": "disease", "text": "The nystagmus of both patients resolved after reduction of the serum carbamazepine levels .", "entities": [ "nystagmus" ] }, { "id": "3764", "type": "disease", "text": "In patients with downbeat nystagmus who are taking anticonvulsant medications , consideration should be given to reduction in dose before further investigation is undertaken .", "entities": [ "downbeat nystagmus" ] }, { "id": "3765", "type": "disease", "text": "Improvement by denopamine ( TA - 064 ) of pentobarbital - induced cardiac failure in the dog heart - lung preparation .", "entities": [ "cardiac failure" ] }, { "id": "3766", "type": "disease", "text": "The efficacy of denopamine , an orally active beta 1 - adrenoceptor agonist , in improving cardiac failure was assessed in dog heart - lung preparations .", "entities": [ "cardiac failure" ] }, { "id": "3769", "type": "disease", "text": "No arrhythmias were induced by these doses of denopamine .", "entities": [ "arrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "3770", "type": "disease", "text": "The results warrant clinical trials of denopamine in the treatment of cardiac failure .", "entities": [ "cardiac failure" ] }, { "id": "3771", "type": "disease", "text": "Clonazepam monotherapy for epilepsy in childhood .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "3772", "type": "disease", "text": "Sixty patients ( age - range one month to 14 years ) with other types of epilepsy than infantile spasms were treated with clonazepam .", "entities": [ "epilepsy", "infantile spasms" ] }, { "id": "3773", "type": "disease", "text": "Disappearance of seizures and normalization of abnormal EEG with disappearance of seizures were recognized in 77 % and 50 % , respectively .", "entities": [ "seizures", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3774", "type": "disease", "text": "Seizures disappeared in 71 % of the patients with generalized seizures and 89 % of partial seizures .", "entities": [ "Seizures", "seizures", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3777", "type": "disease", "text": "The incidence of side effects such as drowsiness and ataxia was only 5 % .", "entities": [ "drowsiness", "ataxia" ] }, { "id": "3779", "type": "disease", "text": "A postmarketing surveillance study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of a fixed - ratio combination containing 10 mg of timolol maleate and 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide , administered twice daily for one month to hypertensive patients .", "entities": [ "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "3783", "type": "disease", "text": "The antihypertensive effect of the drug was greater in patients with more severe hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3784", "type": "disease", "text": "Overall , 1 , 453 patients experienced a total of 2 , 658 adverse events , the most common being fatigue , dizziness , and weakness .", "entities": [ "fatigue", "dizziness", "weakness" ] }, { "id": "3786", "type": "disease", "text": "Salicylate nephropathy in the Gunn rat : potential role of prostaglandins .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "3787", "type": "disease", "text": "We examined the potential role of prostaglandins in the development of analgesic nephropathy in the Gunn strain of rat .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "3788", "type": "disease", "text": "The homozygous Gunn rats have unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to the absence of glucuronyl transferase , leading to marked bilirubin deposition in renal medulla and papilla .", "entities": [ "hyperbilirubinemia" ] }, { "id": "3789", "type": "disease", "text": "These rats are also highly susceptible to develop papillary necrosis with analgesic administration .", "entities": [ "papillary necrosis" ] }, { "id": "3798", "type": "disease", "text": "The changes in renal prostaglandin synthesis were accompanied by evidence of renal damage in aspirin - treated jj but not jJ rats as evidenced by : increased incidence and severity of hematuria ( p less than 0 . 01 ) ; increased serum creatinine ( p less than 0 . 05 ) ; and increase in outer medullary histopathologic lesions ( p less than 0 . 005 compared to either sham - treated jj or aspirin - treated jJ ) .", "entities": [ "renal damage", "hematuria" ] }, { "id": "3799", "type": "disease", "text": "These results suggest that enhanced prostaglandin synthesis contributes to maintenance of renal function and morphological integrity , and that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may lead to pathological renal medullary lesions and deterioration of renal function .", "entities": [ "pathological renal medullary lesions", "deterioration of renal function" ] }, { "id": "3800", "type": "disease", "text": "Prophylactic lidocaine in the early phase of suspected myocardial infarction .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "3801", "type": "disease", "text": "Four hundred two patients with suspected myocardial infarction seen within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms entered a double - blind randomized trial of lidocaine vs placebo .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "3802", "type": "disease", "text": "During the 1 hour after administration of the drug the incidence of ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia among the 204 patients with acute myocardial infarction was low , 1 . 5 % .", "entities": [ "ventricular fibrillation", "ventricular tachycardia", "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "3803", "type": "disease", "text": "Lidocaine , given in a 300 mg dose intramuscularly followed by 100 mg intravenously , did not prevent sustained ventricular tachycardia , although there was a significant reduction in the number of patients with warning arrhythmias between 15 and 45 minutes after the administration of lidocaine ( p less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachycardia", "arrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "3804", "type": "disease", "text": "The average plasma lidocaine level 10 minutes after administration for patients without a myocardial infarction was significantly higher than that for patients with an acute infarction .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction", "infarction" ] }, { "id": "3806", "type": "disease", "text": "During the 1 - hour study period , the incidence of central nervous system side effects was significantly greater in the lidocaine group , hypotension occurred in 11 patients , nine of whom had received lidocaine , and four patients died from asystole , three of whom had had lidocaine .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "asystole" ] }, { "id": "3807", "type": "disease", "text": "We cannot advocate the administration of lidocaine prophylactically in the early hours of suspected myocardial infarction .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "3808", "type": "disease", "text": "Evidence for a cholinergic role in haloperidol - induced catalepsy .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3809", "type": "disease", "text": "Experiments in mice tested previous evidence that activation of cholinergic systems promotes catalepsy and that cholinergic mechanisms need to be intact for full expression of neuroleptic - induced catalepsy .", "entities": [ "catalepsy", "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3810", "type": "disease", "text": "Large doses of the cholinomimetic , pilocarpine , could induce catalepsy when peripheral cholinergic receptors were blocked .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3811", "type": "disease", "text": "Low doses of pilocarpine caused a pronounced enhancement of the catalepsy that was induced by the dopaminergic blocker , haloperidol .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3812", "type": "disease", "text": "A muscarinic receptor blocker , atropine , disrupted haloperidol - induced catalepsy .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3813", "type": "disease", "text": "Intracranial injection of an acetylcholine - synthesis inhibitor , hemicholinium , prevented the catalepsy that is usually induced by haloperidol .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3814", "type": "disease", "text": "These findings suggest the hypothesis that the catalepsy that is produced by neuroleptics such as haloperidol is actually mediated by intrinsic central cholinergic systems .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3815", "type": "disease", "text": "Alternatively , activation of central cholinergic systems could promote catalepsy by suppression of dopaminergic systems .", "entities": [ "catalepsy" ] }, { "id": "3816", "type": "disease", "text": "Cardiovascular dysfunction and hypersensitivity to sodium pentobarbital induced by chronic barium chloride ingestion .", "entities": [ "Cardiovascular dysfunction", "hypersensitivity" ] }, { "id": "3817", "type": "disease", "text": "Barium - supplemented Long - Evans hooded rats were characterized by a persistent hypertension that was evident after 1 month of barium ( 100 micrograms / ml mineral fortified water ) treatment .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3818", "type": "disease", "text": "Analysis of in vivo myocardial excitability , contractility , and metabolic characteristics at 16 months revealed other significant barium - induced disturbances within the cardiovascular system .", "entities": [ "disturbances within the cardiovascular system" ] }, { "id": "3819", "type": "disease", "text": "The most distinctive aspect of the barium effect was a demonstrated hypersensitivity of the cardiovascular system to sodium pentobarbital .", "entities": [ "hypersensitivity" ] }, { "id": "3826", "type": "disease", "text": "Overall , the altered cardiac contractility and excitability characteristics , the myocardial metabolic disturbances , and the hypersensitivity of the cardiovascular system to sodium pentobarbital suggest the existence of a heretofore undescribed cardiomyopathic disorder induced by chronic barium exposure .", "entities": [ "metabolic disturbances", "hypersensitivity", "cardiomyopathic disorder" ] }, { "id": "3828", "type": "disease", "text": "Propranolol antagonism of phenylpropanolamine - induced hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3829", "type": "disease", "text": "Phenylpropanolamine ( PPA ) overdose can cause severe hypertension , intracerebral hemorrhage , and death .", "entities": [ "overdose", "hypertension", "intracerebral hemorrhage" ] }, { "id": "3830", "type": "disease", "text": "We studied the efficacy and safety of propranolol in the treatment of PPA - induced hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3834", "type": "disease", "text": "Left ventricular function ( assessed by echocardiography ) showed that PPA increased the stroke volume 30 % ( from 62 . 5 + / - 20 . 9 to 80 . 8 + / - 22 . 4 ml ) , the ejection fraction 9 % ( from 64 % + / - 10 % to 70 % + / - 7 % ) , and cardiac output 14 % ( from 3 . 6 + / - 0 . 6 to 4 . 1 + / - 1 . 0 L / min ) .", "entities": [ "stroke" ] }, { "id": "3840", "type": "disease", "text": "Mesangial function and glomerular sclerosis in rats with aminonucleoside nephrosis .", "entities": [ "glomerular sclerosis", "nephrosis" ] }, { "id": "3841", "type": "disease", "text": "The possible relationship between mesangial dysfunction and development of glomerular sclerosis was studied in the puromycin aminonucleoside ( PAN ) model .", "entities": [ "mesangial dysfunction", "glomerular sclerosis" ] }, { "id": "3843", "type": "disease", "text": "After 4 weeks the PAN rats were severely proteinuric ( 190 + / - 80 mg / 24 hr ) , and all rats were given colloidal carbon ( CC ) intravenously .", "entities": [ "proteinuric" ] }, { "id": "3844", "type": "disease", "text": "At 5 months glomerular sclerosis was found in 7 . 6 + / - 3 . 4 % of the glomeruli of PAN rats ; glomeruli of the controls were normal .", "entities": [ "glomerular sclerosis" ] }, { "id": "3846", "type": "disease", "text": "Glomeruli with sclerosis contained significantly more CC than non - sclerotic glomeruli in the same kidneys .", "entities": [ "sclerosis" ] }, { "id": "3848", "type": "disease", "text": "Since mesangial CC clearance from the mesangium did not change during chronic PAN treatment , we conclude that this preferential CC localization within the lesions is caused by an increased CC uptake shortly after injection in apparent vulnerable areas where sclerosis will develop subsequently .", "entities": [ "sclerosis" ] }, { "id": "3850", "type": "disease", "text": "Similar to the remnant kidney model in PAN nephrosis the development of glomerular sclerosis may be related to \" mesangial overloading . \"", "entities": [ "nephrosis", "glomerular sclerosis" ] }, { "id": "3851", "type": "disease", "text": "Relationship between nicotine - induced seizures and hippocampal nicotinic receptors .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3853", "type": "disease", "text": "Using mice derived from a classical F2 and backcross genetic design , a relationship between nicotine - induced seizures and alpha - bungarotoxin nicotinic receptor concentration was found .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3854", "type": "disease", "text": "Mice sensitive to the convulsant effects of nicotine had greater alpha - bungarotoxin binding in the hippocampus than seizure insensitive mice .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3855", "type": "disease", "text": "The binding sites from seizure sensitive and resistant mice were equally affected by treatment with dithiothreitol , trypsin or heat .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3856", "type": "disease", "text": "Thus it appears that the difference between seizure sensitive and insensitive animals may be due to a difference in hippocampal nicotinic receptor concentration as measured with alpha - bungarotoxin binding .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "3857", "type": "disease", "text": "The role of p - aminophenol in acetaminophen - induced nephrotoxicity : effect of bis ( p - nitrophenyl ) phosphate on acetaminophen and p - aminophenol nephrotoxicity and metabolism in Fischer 344 rats .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity", "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3858", "type": "disease", "text": "Acetaminophen ( APAP ) produces proximal tubular necrosis in Fischer 344 ( F344 ) rats .", "entities": [ "tubular necrosis" ] }, { "id": "3860", "type": "disease", "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine if PAP formation is a requisite step in APAP - induced nephrotoxicity .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3861", "type": "disease", "text": "Therefore , the effect of bis ( p - nitrophenyl ) phosphate ( BNPP ) , an acylamidase inhibitor , on APAP and PAP nephrotoxicity and metabolism was determined .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3863", "type": "disease", "text": "Pretreatment of animals with BNPP prior to APAP or PAP administration resulted in marked reduction of APAP ( 900 mg / kg ) nephrotoxicity but not PAP nephrotoxicity .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity", "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3867", "type": "disease", "text": "Therefore , the BNPP - induced reduction in APAP - induced nephrotoxicity appears to be due to inhibition of APAP deacetylation .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "3868", "type": "disease", "text": "It is concluded that PAP formation , in vivo , accounts , at least in part , for APAP - induced renal tubular necrosis .", "entities": [ "renal tubular necrosis" ] }, { "id": "3869", "type": "disease", "text": "Morphine - induced seizures in newborn infants .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3870", "type": "disease", "text": "Two neonates suffered from generalized seizures during the course of intravenous morphine sulfate for post - operative analgesia .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3871", "type": "disease", "text": "They received morphine in doses of 32 micrograms / kg / hr and 40 micrograms / kg / hr larger than a group of 10 neonates who received 6 - 24 micrograms / kg / hr and had no seizures .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3873", "type": "disease", "text": "Other known reasons for seizures were ruled out and the convulsions stopped a few hours after cessation of morphine and did not reoccur in the subsequent 8 months .", "entities": [ "seizures", "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "3875", "type": "disease", "text": "Indomethacin induced hypotension in sodium and volume depleted rats .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "3881", "type": "disease", "text": "Four types of experimental arrhythmia are used - - with BaCl2 , with chloroform - adrenaline , with strophantine G and with aconitine .", "entities": [ "arrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "3883", "type": "disease", "text": "The compound manifests antiarrhythmic activity in all models of experimental arrhythmia used , causing greatest inhibition on the arrhythmia induced by chloroform - adrenaline ( in 90 per cent ) and with BaCl2 ( in 84 per cent ) .", "entities": [ "arrhythmia", "arrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "3885", "type": "disease", "text": "Recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with aminocaproic acid therapy and acute renal artery thrombosis .", "entities": [ "subarachnoid hemorrhage", "acute renal artery thrombosis" ] }, { "id": "3887", "type": "disease", "text": "Epsilon aminocaproic acid ( EACA ) has been used to prevent rebleeding in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) .", "entities": [ "subarachnoid hemorrhage", "SAH" ] }, { "id": "3888", "type": "disease", "text": "Although this agent does decrease the frequency of rebleeding , several reports have described thrombotic complications of EACA therapy .", "entities": [ "thrombotic" ] }, { "id": "3889", "type": "disease", "text": "These complications have included clinical deterioration and intracranial vascular thrombosis in patients with SAH , arteriolar and capillary fibrin thrombi in patients with fibrinolytic syndromes treated with EACA , or other thromboembolic phenomena .", "entities": [ "intracranial vascular thrombosis", "SAH", "thrombi", "thromboembolic phenomena" ] }, { "id": "3890", "type": "disease", "text": "Since intravascular fibrin thrombi are often observed in patients with fibrinolytic disorders , EACA should not be implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrin thrombi in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation or other \" consumption coagulopathies . \" This report describes subtotal infarction of the kidney due to thrombosis of a normal renal artery .", "entities": [ "thrombi", "thrombi", "disseminated intravascular coagulation", "consumption coagulopathies", "infarction", "thrombosis of a normal renal artery" ] }, { "id": "3891", "type": "disease", "text": "This occlusion occurred after EACA therapy in a patient with SAH and histopathological documentation of recurrent SAH .", "entities": [ "SAH", "SAH" ] }, { "id": "3892", "type": "disease", "text": "The corresponding clinical event was characterized by marked hypertension and abrupt neurological deterioration .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3893", "type": "disease", "text": "Effect of vincristine sulfate on Pseudomonas infections in monkeys .", "entities": [ "Pseudomonas infections" ] }, { "id": "3895", "type": "disease", "text": "Leukocytosis was observed in all monkeys .", "entities": [ "Leukocytosis" ] }, { "id": "3896", "type": "disease", "text": "Intravenous or intratracheal inoculation of 2 . 0 to 2 . 5 mg of vincristine sulfate was followed by leukopenia in 4 to 5 days .", "entities": [ "leukopenia" ] }, { "id": "3897", "type": "disease", "text": "Intravenous inoculation of 4 . 2 x 10 ( 10 ) to 7 . 8 x 10 ( 10 ) pyocin type 6 Pseudomonas organisms in monkeys given vincristine sulfate 4 days previously resulted in fatal infection in 11 of 14 monkeys , whereas none of four receiving Pseudomonas alone died .", "entities": [ "infection" ] }, { "id": "3898", "type": "disease", "text": "These studies suggest that an antimetabolite - induced leukopenia predisposes to severe Pseudomonas sepsis and that such monkeys may serve as a biological model for study of comparative efficacy of antimicrobial agents .", "entities": [ "leukopenia", "sepsis" ] }, { "id": "3899", "type": "disease", "text": "Modification by propranolol of cardiovascular effects of induced hypoglycaemia .", "entities": [ "hypoglycaemia" ] }, { "id": "3900", "type": "disease", "text": "The cardiovascular effects of hypoglycaemia , with and without beta - blockade , were compared in fourteen healthy men .", "entities": [ "hypoglycaemia" ] }, { "id": "3902", "type": "disease", "text": "In the insulin - group the period of hypoglycaemia was associated with an increase in heart - rate and a fall in diastolic blood - pressure .", "entities": [ "hypoglycaemia" ] }, { "id": "3905", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypertension in diabetics prone to hypoglycaemia attacks should not be treated with beta - blockers because these drugs may cause a sharp rise in blood - pressure in such patients .", "entities": [ "Hypertension", "diabetics", "hypoglycaemia" ] }, { "id": "3913", "type": "disease", "text": "We conclude that previously reported hypoglycemia , hyperbilirubinemia , polycythemia , neonatal apnea , and bradycardia are not invariable and cannot be statistically correlated with chronic propranolol therapy .", "entities": [ "hypoglycemia", "hyperbilirubinemia", "polycythemia", "neonatal apnea", "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "3914", "type": "disease", "text": "Growth retardation , however , appears to be significant in both of our series .", "entities": [ "Growth retardation" ] }, { "id": "3917", "type": "disease", "text": "High doses caused an apparent central excitation , most clearly seen as clonic convulsions , superimposed on general depression .", "entities": [ "convulsions", "depression" ] }, { "id": "3918", "type": "disease", "text": "Following a lethal dose , death was always associated with convulsions .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "3919", "type": "disease", "text": "Comparing the relative sensitivity to central depression and excitation revealed that rats were least likely to have convulsions at doses that did not first cause loss of consciousness , while cats most clearly showed marked central excitatory actions .", "entities": [ "depression", "convulsions", "loss of consciousness" ] }, { "id": "3920", "type": "disease", "text": "Signs of FZP toxocity in cats included excessive salivation , extreme apprehensive behavior , retching , muscle tremors and convulsions .", "entities": [ "toxocity", "salivation", "muscle tremors", "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "3922", "type": "disease", "text": "As a function of dose , FZP first protected against convulsions and death .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "3923", "type": "disease", "text": "At higher doses , however , convulsions again emerged .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "3924", "type": "disease", "text": "These doses of FZP were lower than those that would alone cause convulsions .", "entities": [ "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "3925", "type": "disease", "text": "These results may be relevant to the use of FZP in clinical situations in which there is increased neural excitability , such as epilepsy or sedative - hypnotic drug withdrawal .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "3926", "type": "disease", "text": "Use of propranolol in the treatment of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension .", "entities": [ "idiopathic orthostatic hypotension" ] }, { "id": "3927", "type": "disease", "text": "Five patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension who had physiologic and biochemical evidence of severe autonomic dysfunction were included in the study .", "entities": [ "idiopathic orthostatic hypotension" ] }, { "id": "3928", "type": "disease", "text": "They all exhibited markedly reduced plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity in both recumbent and upright positions and had marked hypersensitivity to the pressor effects of infused norepinephrine .", "entities": [ "hypersensitivity" ] }, { "id": "3931", "type": "disease", "text": "In 1 patient , marked hypertension was induced by propranolol and the drug had to be withdrawn .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3935", "type": "disease", "text": "The studies suggest that propranolol is a useful drug in selected patients with severe idiopathic orthostatic hypotension .", "entities": [ "idiopathic orthostatic hypotension" ] }, { "id": "3942", "type": "disease", "text": "The investigation was discontinued after 18 patients because of the frequency and intensity of side - effects , particularly pain and myoclonia , which caused the technique to be abandoned in two cases .", "entities": [ "pain", "myoclonia" ] }, { "id": "3943", "type": "disease", "text": "It is considered unlikely that etomidate will prove to be the hypnotic of choice for a totally intravenous anesthetic technique in adults because of the high incidence of myoclonia after prolonged administration .", "entities": [ "myoclonia" ] }, { "id": "3946", "type": "disease", "text": "We compared the effects of single doses of 50 mg atenolol ( cardioselective ) , 40 mg propranolol ( nonselective ) , and placebo on both exercise - and isoproterenol - induced tachycardia in two experiments involving nine normal subjects .", "entities": [ "tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "3948", "type": "disease", "text": "The effects on isoproterenol tachycardia were determined before and after atropine ( 0 . 04 mg / kg IV ) .", "entities": [ "tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "3953", "type": "disease", "text": "These data are consistent with the hypothesis that exercise - induced tachycardia results largely from beta 1 - receptor activation that is blocked by both cardioselective and nonselective drugs , whereas isoproterenol activates both beta 1 - and beta 2 - receptors so that after cardioselective blockade there remains a beta 2 - component that can be blocked with a nonselective drug .", "entities": [ "tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "3955", "type": "disease", "text": "Hormones and risk of breast cancer .", "entities": [ "breast cancer" ] }, { "id": "3962", "type": "disease", "text": "Mastodynia was reported by 21 patients , and physical examination revealed a light increase in breast firmness in 12 women and a moderate increase in breast nodularity in 2 women .", "entities": [ "Mastodynia" ] }, { "id": "3963", "type": "disease", "text": "Themography confirmed the existence of an excessive breast stimulation in 1 women who complained of moderate mastodynia and in 5 of the 7 women who complained of severe mastodynia .", "entities": [ "mastodynia", "mastodynia" ] }, { "id": "3966", "type": "disease", "text": "Early infections in kidney , heart , and liver transplant recipients on cyclosporine .", "entities": [ "infections" ] }, { "id": "3967", "type": "disease", "text": "Eighty - one renal , seventeen heart , and twenty - four liver transplant patients were followed for infection .", "entities": [ "infection" ] }, { "id": "3970", "type": "disease", "text": "The randomized Aza patients had more overall infections ( P less than 0 . 05 ) and more nonviral infections ( P less than 0 . 02 ) than the randomized cyclosporine patients .", "entities": [ "infections", "infections" ] }, { "id": "3971", "type": "disease", "text": "Heart and liver patients had more infections than cyclosporine renal patients but fewer infections than the Aza renal patients .", "entities": [ "infections", "infections" ] }, { "id": "3972", "type": "disease", "text": "There were no infectious deaths in renal transplant patients on cyclosporine or Aza , but infection played a major role in 3 out of 6 cardiac transplant deaths and in 8 out of 9 liver transplant deaths .", "entities": [ "infection" ] }, { "id": "3973", "type": "disease", "text": "Renal patients on cyclosporine had the fewest bacteremias .", "entities": [ "bacteremias" ] }, { "id": "3974", "type": "disease", "text": "Analysis of site of infection showed a preponderance of abdominal infections in liver patients , intrathoracic infections in heart patients , and urinary tract infections in renal patients .", "entities": [ "infection", "abdominal infections", "infections", "urinary tract infections" ] }, { "id": "3975", "type": "disease", "text": "Pulmonary infections were less common in cyclosporine - treated renal patients than in Aza - treated patients ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entities": [ "infections" ] }, { "id": "3976", "type": "disease", "text": "Aza patients had significantly more staphylococcal infections than all other transplant groups ( P less than 0 . 005 ) , and systemic fungal infections occurred only in the liver transplant group .", "entities": [ "staphylococcal infections", "fungal infections" ] }, { "id": "3978", "type": "disease", "text": "Of the cyclosporine patients , 15 % had symptoms related to CMV infection .", "entities": [ "CMV infection" ] }, { "id": "3979", "type": "disease", "text": "Serological evidence for Epstein Barr Virus infection was found in 20 % of 65 cyclosporine patients studied .", "entities": [ "Epstein Barr Virus infection" ] }, { "id": "3980", "type": "disease", "text": "Three had associated symptoms , and one developed a lymphoma .", "entities": [ "lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "3981", "type": "disease", "text": "Structure - activity and dose - effect relationships of the antagonism of picrotoxin - induced seizures by cholecystokinin , fragments and analogues of cholecystokinin in mice .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3982", "type": "disease", "text": "Intraperitoneal administration of cholecystokinin octapeptide sulphate ester ( CCK - 8 - SE ) and nonsulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide ( CCK - 8 - NS ) enhanced the latency of seizures induced by picrotoxin in mice .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3985", "type": "disease", "text": "The peptide CCK - 5 - 8 had weak anticonvulsant activity in comparison to the octapeptides , 3 . 2 mumol / kg and larger doses of the reference drug , diazepam , totally prevented picrotoxin - induced seizures and mortality .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "3989", "type": "disease", "text": "Vasopressin as a possible contributor to hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3990", "type": "disease", "text": "The role of vasopressin as a pressor agent to the hypertensive process was examined .", "entities": [ "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "3991", "type": "disease", "text": "Vasopressin plays a major role in the pathogenesis of DOCA - salt hypertension , since the elevation of blood pressure was not substantial in the rats with lithium - treated diabetes insipidus after DOCA - salt treatment .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "diabetes insipidus" ] }, { "id": "3993", "type": "disease", "text": "Furthermore , the pressor action of vasopressin appears to be important in the development of this model of hypertension , since the enhanced pressor responsiveness to the hormone was observed in the initial stage of hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3994", "type": "disease", "text": "Increased secretion of vasopressin from neurohypophysis also promotes the function of the hormone as a pathogenetic factor in hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3996", "type": "disease", "text": "However , the role of vasopressin remains to be determined in human essential hypertension .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "3997", "type": "disease", "text": "Toxic hepatitis induced by disulfiram in a non - alcoholic .", "entities": [ "Toxic hepatitis" ] }, { "id": "3998", "type": "disease", "text": "A reversible toxic liver damage was observed in a non - alcoholic woman treated with disulfiram .", "entities": [ "toxic liver damage" ] }, { "id": "4000", "type": "disease", "text": "Atrial thrombosis involving the heart of F - 344 rats ingesting quinacrine hydrochloride .", "entities": [ "Atrial thrombosis" ] }, { "id": "4002", "type": "disease", "text": "Rats treated with 500 ppm quinacrine hydrochloride in the diet all developed a high incidence of left atrial thrombosis .", "entities": [ "atrial thrombosis" ] }, { "id": "4003", "type": "disease", "text": "The lesion was associated with cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation and focal myocardial degeneration .", "entities": [ "cardiac hypertrophy", "myocardial degeneration" ] }, { "id": "4004", "type": "disease", "text": "Rats died from cardiac hypertrophy with severe acute and chronic congestion of the lungs , liver , and other organs .", "entities": [ "cardiac hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "4005", "type": "disease", "text": "Seventy percent of rats given 250 ppm quinacrine hydrochloride and 1 , 000 ppm sodium nitrite simultaneously in the diet had thrombosis of the atria of the heart , while untreated control rats in this laboratory did not have atrial thrombosis .", "entities": [ "thrombosis", "atrial thrombosis" ] }, { "id": "4007", "type": "disease", "text": "Alternating sinus rhythm and intermittent sinoatrial block induced by propranolol .", "entities": [ "Alternating sinus rhythm", "sinoatrial block" ] }, { "id": "4008", "type": "disease", "text": "Alternating sinus rhythm and intermittent sinoatrial ( S - A ) block was observed in a 57 - year - old woman , under treatment for angina with 80 mg propranolol daily .", "entities": [ "Alternating sinus rhythm", "sinoatrial ( S - A ) block", "angina" ] }, { "id": "4011", "type": "disease", "text": "Following these basic sinus cycles , alternating rhythm started with the longer P - P interval .", "entities": [ "alternating rhythm" ] }, { "id": "4014", "type": "disease", "text": "In one recording a short period of regular sinus rhythm with intermittent 2 / 1 S - A block was observed .", "entities": [ "S - A block" ] }, { "id": "4019", "type": "disease", "text": "The abnormal rhythm disappeared with the withdrawal of propranolol and when the drug was restarted a 2 / 1 S - A block was seen .", "entities": [ "S - A block" ] }, { "id": "4020", "type": "disease", "text": "This was accepted as evidence for propranolol being the cause of this conduction disorder .", "entities": [ "conduction disorder" ] }, { "id": "4021", "type": "disease", "text": "Antitumor effect , cardiotoxicity , and nephrotoxicity of doxorubicin in the IgM solid immunocytoma - bearing LOU / M / WSL rat .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity", "nephrotoxicity", "immunocytoma" ] }, { "id": "4022", "type": "disease", "text": "Antitumor activity , cardiotoxicity , and nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin were studied in LOU / M / WSL inbred rats each bearing a transplantable solid IgM immunocytoma .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity", "nephrotoxicity", "immunocytoma" ] }, { "id": "4023", "type": "disease", "text": "Animals with a tumor ( diameter , 15 . 8 + / - 3 . 3 mm ) were treated with iv injections of doxorubicin on 5 consecutive days , followed by 1 weekly injection for 7 weeks ( dose range , 0 . 015 - 4 . 0 mg / kg body wt ) .", "entities": [ "tumor" ] }, { "id": "4024", "type": "disease", "text": "Tumor regression was observed with 0 . 5 mg doxorubicin / kg .", "entities": [ "Tumor" ] }, { "id": "4025", "type": "disease", "text": "Complete disappearance of the tumor was induced with 1 . 0 mg doxorubicin / kg .", "entities": [ "tumor" ] }, { "id": "4026", "type": "disease", "text": "Histologic evidence of cardiotoxicity scored as grade III was only observed at a dose of 1 . 0 mg doxorubicin / kg .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "4027", "type": "disease", "text": "Light microscopic evidence of renal damage was seen above a dose of 0 . 5 mg doxorubicin / kg , which resulted in albuminuria and very low serum albumin levels .", "entities": [ "renal damage", "albuminuria" ] }, { "id": "4029", "type": "disease", "text": "Ascites and hydrothorax were observed simultaneously .", "entities": [ "Ascites", "hydrothorax" ] }, { "id": "4030", "type": "disease", "text": "The same experiments were performed with non - tumor - bearing rats , in which no major differences were observed .", "entities": [ "tumor" ] }, { "id": "4031", "type": "disease", "text": "In conclusion , antitumor activity , cardiotoxicity , and nephrotoxicity were studied simultaneously in the same LOU / M / WSL rat .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity", "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "4032", "type": "disease", "text": "Albuminuria due to renal damage led to extremely low serum albumin levels , so ascites and hydrothorax were not necessarily a consequence of the observed cardiomyopathy .", "entities": [ "Albuminuria", "renal damage", "ascites", "hydrothorax", "cardiomyopathy" ] }, { "id": "4033", "type": "disease", "text": "Intraoperative bradycardia and hypotension associated with timolol and pilocarpine eye drops .", "entities": [ "bradycardia", "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4034", "type": "disease", "text": "A 69 - yr - old man , who was concurrently being treated with pilocarpine nitrate and timolol maleate eye drops , developed a bradycardia and became hypotensive during halothane anaesthesia .", "entities": [ "bradycardia", "hypotensive" ] }, { "id": "4037", "type": "disease", "text": "It is postulated that this action may have been enhanced during halothane anaesthesia with resultant bradycardia and hypotension .", "entities": [ "bradycardia", "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4039", "type": "disease", "text": "Succinylcholine apnoea : attempted reversal with anticholinesterases .", "entities": [ "apnoea" ] }, { "id": "4040", "type": "disease", "text": "Anticholinesterases were administered in an attempt to antagonize prolonged neuromuscular blockade following the administration of succinylcholine in a patient later found to be homozygous for atypical plasma cholinesterase .", "entities": [ "neuromuscular blockade" ] }, { "id": "4044", "type": "disease", "text": "It is concluded that anticholinesterases are only partially effective in restoring neuromuscular function in succinylcholine apnoea despite muscle twitch activity typical of phase II block .", "entities": [ "apnoea" ] }, { "id": "4051", "type": "disease", "text": "Our findings suggest that the changes leading to an alteration of myocardial dynamic imaging with I - 131 HA are not the initiating factor in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "4052", "type": "disease", "text": "Hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism under deliberate hypotension .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4054", "type": "disease", "text": "Coronary blood flow , cardiac work and metabolism were studied in dogs under sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) and trimetaphan ( TMP ) deliberate hypotension ( 20 % and 40 % mean pressure decrease from baseline ) .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4055", "type": "disease", "text": "Regarding the effects of drug - induced hypotension on coronary blood flow , aortic and coronary sinus metabolic data ( pH , pO2 , pCO2 ) we could confirm that nitroprusside hypotension could be safely used to 30 % mean blood pressure decrease from control , trimetaphan hypotension to 20 % mean blood pressure decrease .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "hypotension", "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4056", "type": "disease", "text": "Cardiac work was significantly reduced during SNP hypotension .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4061", "type": "disease", "text": "The hyperactivity induced by D - amphetamine ( 10 mumol / kg ) was significantly reduced by DSP4 pretreatment .", "entities": [ "hyperactivity" ] }, { "id": "4062", "type": "disease", "text": "However , the increased rearings and the amphetamine - induced stereotypies were not blocked by pretreatment with DSP4 .", "entities": [ "stereotypies" ] }, { "id": "4063", "type": "disease", "text": "The reduction of amphetamine hyperactivity induced by DSP4 was blocked by pretreatment with the noradrenaline - uptake blocking agent , desipramine , which prevents the neurotoxic action of DSP4 .", "entities": [ "hyperactivity", "neurotoxic" ] }, { "id": "4065", "type": "disease", "text": "Accelerated junctional rhythms during oral verapamil therapy .", "entities": [ "Accelerated junctional rhythms" ] }, { "id": "4066", "type": "disease", "text": "This study examined the frequency of atrioventricular ( AV ) dissociation and accelerated junctional rhythms in 59 patients receiving oral verapamil .", "entities": [ "accelerated junctional rhythms" ] }, { "id": "4067", "type": "disease", "text": "Accelerated junctional rhythms and AV dissociation were frequent in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias , particularly AV nodal reentry .", "entities": [ "Accelerated junctional rhythms", "supraventricular tachyarrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "4069", "type": "disease", "text": "In patients with various chest pain syndromes , verapamil neither increased the frequency of junctional rhythms nor suppressed their role as escape rhythms under physiologically appropriate circumstances .", "entities": [ "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "4073", "type": "disease", "text": "Five phenotypic characteristics - - locomotor activity , righting ability , clonic seizure induction , stress - induced lethality , death without external stress - - were scored at various caffeine doses in drug - naive animals under empirically optimized , rigidly constant experimental conditions .", "entities": [ "clonic seizure" ] }, { "id": "4076", "type": "disease", "text": "In the same animals the occurrence of clonic seizures was scored as to time of onset and severity for 20 min after drug administration .", "entities": [ "clonic seizures" ] }, { "id": "4077", "type": "disease", "text": "When these proceeded to tonic seizures , death occurred in less than 20 min .", "entities": [ "tonic seizures" ] }, { "id": "4078", "type": "disease", "text": "Animals surviving for 20 min were immediately stressed by a swim test in 25 degrees C water , and death - producing tonic seizures were scored for 2 min .", "entities": [ "tonic seizures" ] }, { "id": "4081", "type": "disease", "text": "These results indicate that behavioral toxicity testing of alkylxanthines in a single mouse strain may be misleading and suggest that toxic responses of the central nervous system to this class of compounds are genetically influenced in mammals .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "4082", "type": "disease", "text": "Treatment of ovarian cancer with a combination of cis - platinum , adriamycin , cyclophosphamide and hexamethylmelamine .", "entities": [ "ovarian cancer" ] }, { "id": "4083", "type": "disease", "text": "During the last 2 1 / 2 years , 38 patients with ovarian cancer were treated with a combination of cisplatinum ( CPDD ) , 50 mg / m2 , adriamycin , 30 mg / m2 , cyclophosphamide , 300 mg / m2 , on day 1 ; and hexamethylmelamine ( HMM ) , 6 mg / kg daily , for 14 days .", "entities": [ "ovarian cancer" ] }, { "id": "4089", "type": "disease", "text": "Hematologic toxicity was moderate and with reversible anemia developing in 71 % of patients .", "entities": [ "Hematologic toxicity", "anemia" ] }, { "id": "4091", "type": "disease", "text": "HMM gastrointestinal toxicity necessitated discontinuation of the drug in 5 patients .", "entities": [ "gastrointestinal toxicity" ] }, { "id": "4092", "type": "disease", "text": "Severe nephrotoxicity was observed in 2 patients but was reversible .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "4094", "type": "disease", "text": "Nontraumatic dissecting aneurysm of the basilar artery .", "entities": [ "dissecting aneurysm" ] }, { "id": "4095", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of nontraumatic dissecting aneurysm of the basilar artery in association with hypertension , smoke , and oral contraceptives is reported in a young female patient with a locked - in syndrome .", "entities": [ "dissecting aneurysm", "hypertension", "locked - in syndrome" ] }, { "id": "4096", "type": "disease", "text": "A method for the measurement of tremor , and a comparison of the effects of tocolytic beta - mimetics .", "entities": [ "tremor" ] }, { "id": "4097", "type": "disease", "text": "A method permitting measurement of finger tremor as a displacement - time curve is described , using a test system with simple amplitude calibration .", "entities": [ "tremor" ] }, { "id": "4099", "type": "disease", "text": "By means of a computer program , periods and amplitudes of tremor oscillations were calculated and classified .", "entities": [ "tremor" ] }, { "id": "4102", "type": "disease", "text": "At therapeutic doses both substances raised the mean tremor amplitude to about three times the control level .", "entities": [ "tremor" ] }, { "id": "4104", "type": "disease", "text": "After the end of fenoterol - hydrobromide infusion , tremor amplitudes decreased significantly faster than those following ritodrin - HCl infusion .", "entities": [ "tremor" ] }, { "id": "4105", "type": "disease", "text": "Propylthiouracil - induced hepatic damage .", "entities": [ "hepatic damage" ] }, { "id": "4106", "type": "disease", "text": "Two cases of propylthiouracil - induced liver damage have been observed .", "entities": [ "liver damage" ] }, { "id": "4107", "type": "disease", "text": "The first case is of an acute type of damage , proven by rechallenge ; the second presents a clinical and histologic picture resembling chronic active hepatitis , with spontaneous remission .", "entities": [ "chronic active hepatitis" ] }, { "id": "4108", "type": "disease", "text": "Studies on the bradycardia induced by bepridil .", "entities": [ "bradycardia" ] }, { "id": "4109", "type": "disease", "text": "Bepridil , a novel active compound for prophylactic treatment of anginal attacks , induced persistent bradycardia and a non - specific anti - tachycardial effect , the mechanisms of which were investigated in vitro and in vivo .", "entities": [ "anginal attacks", "bradycardia", "tachycardial" ] }, { "id": "4116", "type": "disease", "text": "Hepatitis and renal tubular acidosis after anesthesia with methoxyflurane .", "entities": [ "Hepatitis", "renal tubular acidosis" ] }, { "id": "4117", "type": "disease", "text": "A 69 - year - old man operated for acute cholecystitis under methoxyflurane anesthesia developed postoperatively a hepatic insufficiency syndrome and renal tubular acidosis .", "entities": [ "acute cholecystitis", "hepatic insufficiency syndrome", "renal tubular acidosis" ] }, { "id": "4118", "type": "disease", "text": "Massive bleeding appeared during surgery which lasted for six hours .", "entities": [ "bleeding" ] }, { "id": "4121", "type": "disease", "text": "Pituitary response to luteinizing hormone - releasing hormone during haloperidol - induced hyperprolactinemia .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "4125", "type": "disease", "text": "During the course of haloperidol infusions , significant hyperprolactinemia was found , together with an abolished pituitary response to LH - RH , as compared with responses of control subjects .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "4126", "type": "disease", "text": "Antirifampicin antibodies in acute rifampicin - associated renal failure .", "entities": [ "renal failure" ] }, { "id": "4127", "type": "disease", "text": "5 patients with acute renal failure ( 3 with thrombopenia and hemolysis ) induced by the reintroduction of rifampicin are described .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure", "thrombopenia", "hemolysis" ] }, { "id": "4130", "type": "disease", "text": "Antibodies suggested to be of the IgM class were detected in all 3 patients with hematological disorders .", "entities": [ "hematological disorders" ] }, { "id": "4131", "type": "disease", "text": "The pattern of non - specific acute tubular necrosis found in the 2 biopsied patients , indistinguishable from that of ischemic origin , raised the possibility of a vascular - mediated damage .", "entities": [ "acute tubular necrosis" ] }, { "id": "4133", "type": "disease", "text": "Cardiovascular effects of hypotension induced by adenosine triphosphate and sodium nitroprusside on dogs with denervated hearts .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4134", "type": "disease", "text": "Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) and sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) are administered to patients to induce and control hypotension during anesthesia .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4138", "type": "disease", "text": "Before , during and after induced hypotension , we measured major cardiovascular parameters .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4139", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypotension induced by ATP was accompanied by significant decreases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , central venous pressure ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , left ventricular end - diastolic pressure ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , total peripheral resistance ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , rate pressure product ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , total body oxygen consumption ( p less than 0 . 05 ) , and heart rate ( p less than 0 . 001 ) ; all these variables returned normal within 30 min after ATP was stopped .", "entities": [ "Hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4141", "type": "disease", "text": "During hypotension produced by SNP similar decreases were observed in mean pulmonary arterial pressure ( p less than 0 . 01 ) , central venous pressure ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , left ventricular end - diastolic pressure ( p less than 0 . 01 ) , total peripheral resistance ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , rate pressure product ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , and oxygen content difference between arterial and mixed venous blood ( p less than 0 . 05 ) , while heart rate ( p less than 0 . 001 ) and cardiac output ( p less than 0 . 05 ) were increased .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4146", "type": "disease", "text": "The Dimer - X group had a higher incidence of nausea and dizziness .", "entities": [ "nausea", "dizziness" ] }, { "id": "4147", "type": "disease", "text": "The Endografine group had a higher incidence of abdominal pain .", "entities": [ "abdominal pain" ] }, { "id": "4149", "type": "disease", "text": "Hexabrix and Vasurix polyvidone are considered the best contrast media for hysterosalpingography and perhaps because of its low toxicity Hexabrix should be preferred .", "entities": [ "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "4150", "type": "disease", "text": "Post - suxamethonium pains in Nigerian surgical patients .", "entities": [ "pains" ] }, { "id": "4151", "type": "disease", "text": "Contrary to an earlier report by Coxon , scoline pain occurs in African negroes .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "4153", "type": "disease", "text": "About 62 % of the out - patients developed scoline pain as compared with about 26 % among the in - patients .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "4154", "type": "disease", "text": "The abolition of muscle fasciculations ( by 0 . 075mg / kg dose of Fazadinium ) did not influence the occurrence of scoline pain .", "entities": [ "fasciculations", "pain" ] }, { "id": "4155", "type": "disease", "text": "Neither the type of induction agent ( Althesin or Thiopentone ) nor the salt preparation of suxamethonium used ( chloride or bromide ) , affected the incidence of scoline pain .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "4156", "type": "disease", "text": "Invasive carcinoma of the renal pelvis following cyclophosphamide therapy for nonmalignant disease .", "entities": [ "carcinoma of the renal pelvis" ] }, { "id": "4157", "type": "disease", "text": "A 47 - year - old woman with right hydroureteronephrosis due to ureterovesical junction obstruction had gross hematuria after being treated for five years wtih cyclophosphamide for cerebral vasculitis .", "entities": [ "hydroureteronephrosis", "hematuria", "cerebral vasculitis" ] }, { "id": "4158", "type": "disease", "text": "A right nephroureterectomy was required for control of bleeding .", "entities": [ "bleeding" ] }, { "id": "4159", "type": "disease", "text": "The pathology specimen contained clinically occult invasive carcinoma of the renal pelvis .", "entities": [ "carcinoma of the renal pelvis" ] }, { "id": "4160", "type": "disease", "text": "Although the ability of cyclophosphamide to cause hemorrhagic cystitis and urine cytologic abnormalities indistinguishable from high grade carcinoma is well known , it is less widely appreciated that it is also associated with carcinoma of the urinary tract .", "entities": [ "hemorrhagic cystitis", "carcinoma", "carcinoma of the urinary tract" ] }, { "id": "4161", "type": "disease", "text": "Twenty carcinomas of the urinary bladder and one carcinoma of the prostate have been reported in association with its use .", "entities": [ "carcinomas of the urinary bladder", "carcinoma of the prostate" ] }, { "id": "4162", "type": "disease", "text": "The present case is the first carcinoma of the renal pelvis reported in association with cyclophosphamide treatment .", "entities": [ "carcinoma of the renal pelvis" ] }, { "id": "4163", "type": "disease", "text": "It is the third urinary tract cancer reported in association with cyclophosphamide treatment for nonmalignant disease .", "entities": [ "urinary tract cancer" ] }, { "id": "4164", "type": "disease", "text": "The association of the tumor with preexisting hydroureteronephrosis suggests that stasis prolonged and intensified exposure of upper urinary tract epithelium to cyclophosphamide .", "entities": [ "tumor", "hydroureteronephrosis" ] }, { "id": "4165", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients who are candidates for long - term cyclophosphamide treatment should be routinely evaluated for obstructive uropathy .", "entities": [ "obstructive uropathy" ] }, { "id": "4166", "type": "disease", "text": "Medial changes in arterial spasm induced by L - norepinephrine .", "entities": [ "spasm" ] }, { "id": "4169", "type": "disease", "text": "In the media of the saphenous artery and its distal branch , vasoconstriction induced by L - norepinephrine produced many cell - to - cell hernias within 15 minutes .", "entities": [ "hernias" ] }, { "id": "4174", "type": "disease", "text": "The experimental data are discussed in relation to medial changes observed in other instances of arterial spasm .", "entities": [ "spasm" ] }, { "id": "4176", "type": "disease", "text": "Bilateral retinal artery and choriocapillaris occlusion following the injection of long - acting corticosteroid suspensions in combination with other drugs : I .", "entities": [ "retinal artery and choriocapillaris occlusion" ] }, { "id": "4178", "type": "disease", "text": "Two well - documented cases of bilateral retinal artery and choriocapillaris occlusions with blindness following head and neck soft - tissue injection with methylprednisolone acetate in combination with lidocaine , epinephrine , or penicillin are reported .", "entities": [ "retinal artery and choriocapillaris occlusions", "blindness" ] }, { "id": "4180", "type": "disease", "text": "The acute observations included hazy sensorium , superior gaze palsy , pupillary abnormalities , and conjunctival hemorrhages with edema .", "entities": [ "palsy", "pupillary abnormalities", "hemorrhages", "edema" ] }, { "id": "4181", "type": "disease", "text": "Follow - up changes showed marked visual loss , constricted visual fields , optic nerve pallor , vascular attenuation , and chorioretinal atrophy .", "entities": [ "visual loss", "chorioretinal atrophy" ] }, { "id": "4183", "type": "disease", "text": "Abnormalities of the pupil and visual - evoked potential in quinine amblyopia .", "entities": [ "amblyopia" ] }, { "id": "4184", "type": "disease", "text": "Total blindness with a transient tonic pupillary response , denervation supersensitivity , and abnormal visual - evoked potentials developed in a 54 - year - old man after the use of quinine sulfate for leg cramps .", "entities": [ "blindness", "tonic pupillary", "leg cramps" ] }, { "id": "4186", "type": "disease", "text": "A transient tonic pupillary response , denervation supersensitivity , and abnormal visual - evoked potentials in quinine toxicity , to our knowledge , have not been previously reported .", "entities": [ "tonic pupillary", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "4187", "type": "disease", "text": "Suxamethonium - induced jaw stiffness and myalgia associated with atypical cholinesterase : case report .", "entities": [ "jaw stiffness", "myalgia" ] }, { "id": "4189", "type": "disease", "text": "In response to this a marked jaw stiffness occurred which lasted for two minutes and the anaesthesia were terminated .", "entities": [ "jaw stiffness" ] }, { "id": "4190", "type": "disease", "text": "Four hours of apnoea ensued and he suffered generalized severe myalgia lasting for one week .", "entities": [ "apnoea", "myalgia" ] }, { "id": "4193", "type": "disease", "text": "The case shows that prolonged jaw rigidity and myalgia may occur after suxamethonium in patients with atypical cholinesterase despite pretreatment with pancuronium .", "entities": [ "prolonged jaw rigidity", "myalgia" ] }, { "id": "4194", "type": "disease", "text": "Indomethacin - induced hyperkalemia in three patients with gouty arthritis .", "entities": [ "hyperkalemia", "gouty arthritis" ] }, { "id": "4195", "type": "disease", "text": "We describe three patients in whom severe , life - threatening hyperkalemia and renal insufficiency developed after treatment of acute gouty arthritis with indomethacin .", "entities": [ "hyperkalemia", "renal insufficiency", "gouty arthritis" ] }, { "id": "4196", "type": "disease", "text": "This complication may result from an inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and consequent hyporeninemic hypoaidosteronism .", "entities": [ "hyporeninemic hypoaidosteronism" ] }, { "id": "4197", "type": "disease", "text": "Careful attention to renal function and potassium balance in patients receiving indomethacin or other nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory agents , particularly in those patients with diabetes mellitus or preexisting renal disease , will help prevent this potentially serious complication .", "entities": [ "diabetes mellitus", "renal disease" ] }, { "id": "4204", "type": "disease", "text": "Venous pain occurred in 68 % of patients and 50 % had redness , pain or swelling related to the injection site , in some cases lasting up to three weeks after anaesthesia .", "entities": [ "pain", "pain", "swelling" ] }, { "id": "4205", "type": "disease", "text": "Skeletal movements occurred in 50 % of patients ; 30 % experienced respiratory upset , one sufficiently severe to necessitate abandoning the technique .", "entities": [ "respiratory upset" ] }, { "id": "4206", "type": "disease", "text": "Nausea and vomiting occurred in 40 % and 25 % had disturbing emergence psychoses .", "entities": [ "Nausea", "vomiting", "psychoses" ] }, { "id": "4207", "type": "disease", "text": "Levodopa - induced dyskinesias are improved by fluoxetine .", "entities": [ "dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "4208", "type": "disease", "text": "We evaluated the severity of motor disability and dyskinesias in seven levodopa - responsive patients with Parkinson ' s disease after an acute challenge with the mixed dopamine agonist , apomorphine , before and after the administration of fluoxetine ( 20 mg twice per day ) for 11 + / - 1 days .", "entities": [ "motor disability", "dyskinesias", "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "4209", "type": "disease", "text": "After fluoxetine treatment , there was a significant 47 % improvement ( p < 0 . 05 ) of apomorphine - induced dyskinesias without modification of parkinsonian motor disability .", "entities": [ "dyskinesias", "motor disability" ] }, { "id": "4210", "type": "disease", "text": "The dyskinesias were reduced predominantly in the lower limbs during the onset and disappearance of dystonic dyskinesias ( onset - and end - of - dose dyskinesias ) and in the upper limbs during choreic mid - dose dyskinesias .", "entities": [ "dyskinesias", "dystonic dyskinesias", "dyskinesias", "choreic mid - dose dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "4211", "type": "disease", "text": "The results suggest that increased brain serotoninergic transmission with fluoxetine may reduce levodopa - or dopamine agonist - induced dyskinesias without aggravating parkinsonian motor disability .", "entities": [ "dyskinesias", "motor disability" ] }, { "id": "4212", "type": "disease", "text": "A large population - based follow - up study of trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole , trimethoprim , and cephalexin for uncommon serious drug toxicity .", "entities": [ "drug toxicity" ] }, { "id": "4213", "type": "disease", "text": "We conducted a population - based 45 - day follow - up study of 232 , 390 people who were prescribed trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole ( TMP - SMZ ) , 266 , 951 prescribed trimethoprim alone , and 196 , 397 prescribed cephalexin , to estimate the risk of serious liver , blood , skin , and renal disorders resulting in referral or hospitalization associated with these drugs .", "entities": [ "liver , blood , skin , and renal disorders" ] }, { "id": "4215", "type": "disease", "text": "The risk of clinically important idiopathic liver disease was similar for persons prescribed TMP - SMZ ( 5 . 2 / 100 , 000 ) and those prescribed trimethoprim alone ( 3 . 8 / 100 , 000 ) .", "entities": [ "liver disease" ] }, { "id": "4217", "type": "disease", "text": "Only five patients experienced blood disorders , one of whom was exposed to TMP - SMZ ; of seven with erythema multiforme and Stevens - Johnson syndrome , four were exposed to TMP - SMZ .", "entities": [ "erythema multiforme", "Stevens - Johnson syndrome" ] }, { "id": "4218", "type": "disease", "text": "The one case of toxic epidermal necrolysis occurred in a patient who took cephalexin .", "entities": [ "toxic epidermal necrolysis" ] }, { "id": "4219", "type": "disease", "text": "Finally , only five cases of acute parenchymal renal disease occurred , none likely to be caused by a study drug .", "entities": [ "renal disease" ] }, { "id": "4221", "type": "disease", "text": "Clinical safety of lidocaine in patients with cocaine - associated myocardial infarction .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "4222", "type": "disease", "text": "STUDY OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the safety of lidocaine in the setting of cocaine - induced myocardial infarction ( MI ) .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction", "MI" ] }, { "id": "4225", "type": "disease", "text": "PARTICIPANTS : Patients with cocaine - associated MI who received lidocaine in the emergency department .", "entities": [ "MI" ] }, { "id": "4226", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : Of 29 patients who received lidocaine in the setting of cocaine - associated MI , no patient died ; exhibited bradydysrhythmias , ventricular tachycardia , or ventricular fibrillation ; or experienced seizures after administration of lidocaine ( 95 % confidence interval , 0 % to 11 % ) .", "entities": [ "MI", "bradydysrhythmias", "ventricular tachycardia", "ventricular fibrillation", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "4227", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Despite theoretical concerns that lidocaine may enhance cocaine toxicity , the use of lidocaine in patients with cocaine - associated MI was not associated with significant cardiovascular or central nervous system toxicity .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "MI", "cardiovascular or central nervous system toxicity" ] }, { "id": "4228", "type": "disease", "text": "Experimental progressive muscular dystrophy and its treatment with high doses anabolizing agents .", "entities": [ "muscular dystrophy" ] }, { "id": "4229", "type": "disease", "text": "We are still a long way from discovering an unequivocal pathogenetic interpretation of progressive muscular dystrophy in man .", "entities": [ "muscular dystrophy" ] }, { "id": "4231", "type": "disease", "text": "Myopathy due to lack of vitamin E and myopathy induced by certain viruses have much in common anatomically and pathologically with the human form .", "entities": [ "Myopathy", "myopathy" ] }, { "id": "4232", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors induced myodystrophy in the rat by giving it a diet lacking in vitamin E .", "entities": [ "myodystrophy" ] }, { "id": "4234", "type": "disease", "text": "It is thus confirmed that the histological characteristics of myopathic rat muscle induced experimentally are extraordinarily similar to those of human myopathy as confirmed during biopsies performed at the Orthopaedic Traumatological Centre , Florence .", "entities": [ "myopathic", "myopathy" ] }, { "id": "4235", "type": "disease", "text": "The encouraging results obtained in various authoratative departments in myopathic patients by using anabolizing steroids have encouraged the authors to investigate the beneficial effects of one anabolizing agent ( Dianabol , CIBA ) at high doses in rats rendered myopathic by a diet deficient in vitamin E .", "entities": [ "myopathic", "myopathic" ] }, { "id": "4236", "type": "disease", "text": "In this way they obtained appreciable changes in body weight ( increased from 50 to 70 g after forty days at a dose of 5 mg per day of anabolizing agent ) , but most of all they found histological changes due to \" regenerative \" changes in the muscle tissue , which however maintained its myopathic characteristics in the control animals that were not treated with the anabolizing agent .", "entities": [ "myopathic" ] }, { "id": "4237", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors conclude by affirming the undoubted efficacy of the anabolizing steroids in experimental myopathic disease , but they have reservations as to the transfer of the results into the human field , where high dosage cannot be carried out continuously because of the effects of the drug on virility ; because the tissue injury too often occurs at an irreversible stage vis - a - vis the \" regeneration \" of the muscle tissue ; and finally because the dystrophic injurious agent is certainly not the lack of vitamin E but something as yet unknown .", "entities": [ "myopathic disease" ] }, { "id": "4239", "type": "disease", "text": "Paclitaxel ( Taxol ; Bristol - Myers Squibb Company , Princeton , NJ ) by 3 - hour infusion was combined with carboplatin in a phase I / II study directed to patients with non - small cell lung cancer .", "entities": [ "non - small cell lung cancer" ] }, { "id": "4241", "type": "disease", "text": "The 225 mg / m2 level was expanded for the phase II study since the highest level achieved ( 250 mg / m2 ) required modification because of nonhematologic toxicities ( arthralgia and sensory neuropathy ) .", "entities": [ "toxicities", "arthralgia", "sensory neuropathy" ] }, { "id": "4243", "type": "disease", "text": "Toxicities were compared with a cohort of patients in a phase I trial of paclitaxel alone at identical dose levels .", "entities": [ "Toxicities" ] }, { "id": "4244", "type": "disease", "text": "Carboplatin did not appear to add to the hematologic toxicities observed , and the paclitaxel / carboplatin combination could be dosed every 3 weeks .", "entities": [ "hematologic toxicities" ] }, { "id": "4245", "type": "disease", "text": "The dose - dependent effect of misoprostol on indomethacin - induced renal dysfunction in well compensated cirrhosis .", "entities": [ "renal dysfunction", "cirrhosis" ] }, { "id": "4246", "type": "disease", "text": "Misoprostol ( 200 micrograms ) has been shown to acutely counteract the indomethacin - induced renal dysfunction in well compensated cirrhotic patients .", "entities": [ "renal dysfunction", "cirrhotic" ] }, { "id": "4248", "type": "disease", "text": "Parameters of renal hemodynamics and tubular sodium and water handling were assessed by clearance techniques in 26 well compensated cirrhotic patients before and after an oral combination of 50 mg of indomethacin and various doses of misoprostol .", "entities": [ "cirrhotic" ] }, { "id": "4252", "type": "disease", "text": "However , until this apparent ability of 200 micrograms of misoprostol to prevent the adverse effects of indomethacin on renal function is confirmed with chronic frequent dosing , it would be prudent to avoid nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory therapy in patients with cirrhosis .", "entities": [ "cirrhosis" ] }, { "id": "4253", "type": "disease", "text": "Increased frequency and severity of angio - oedema related to long - term therapy with angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitor in two patients .", "entities": [ "angio - oedema" ] }, { "id": "4254", "type": "disease", "text": "Adverse reactions to drugs are well recognized as a cause of acute or chronic urticaria , and angio - oedema .", "entities": [ "urticaria", "angio - oedema" ] }, { "id": "4255", "type": "disease", "text": "Angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors , used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure , were introduced in Europe in the middle of the eighties , and the use of these drugs has increased progressively .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "congestive heart failure" ] }, { "id": "4256", "type": "disease", "text": "Soon after the introduction of ACE inhibitors , acute bouts of angio - oedema were reported in association with the use of these drugs .", "entities": [ "angio - oedema" ] }, { "id": "4257", "type": "disease", "text": "We wish to draw attention to the possibility of adverse reactions to ACE inhibitors after long - term use and in patients with pre - existing angio - oedema .", "entities": [ "angio - oedema" ] }, { "id": "4258", "type": "disease", "text": "Myoclonus associated with lorazepam therapy in very - low - birth - weight infants .", "entities": [ "Myoclonus" ] }, { "id": "4261", "type": "disease", "text": "Three young infants , all of birth weight < 1 , 500 g , experienced myoclonus following the intravenous administration of lorazepam .", "entities": [ "myoclonus" ] }, { "id": "4262", "type": "disease", "text": "The potential neurotoxic effects of the drug ( and its vehicle ) in this population are discussed .", "entities": [ "neurotoxic" ] }, { "id": "4264", "type": "disease", "text": "Transvenous right ventricular pacing during cardiopulmonary resuscitation of pediatric patients with acute cardiomyopathy .", "entities": [ "cardiomyopathy" ] }, { "id": "4265", "type": "disease", "text": "We describe the cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts on five patients who presented in acute circulatory failure from myocardial dysfunction .", "entities": [ "circulatory failure", "myocardial dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "4266", "type": "disease", "text": "Three patients had acute viral myocarditis , one had a carbamazepine - induced acute eosinophilic myocarditis , and one had cardiac hemosiderosis resulting in acute cardiogenic shock .", "entities": [ "myocarditis", "eosinophilic myocarditis", "cardiogenic shock" ] }, { "id": "4268", "type": "disease", "text": "An introducer sheath , a pacemaker , and sterile pacing wires were made readily available for the patients , should the need arise to terminate resistant cardiac dysrhythmias .", "entities": [ "dysrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "4269", "type": "disease", "text": "All patients developed cardiocirculatory arrest associated with extreme hypotension and dysrhythmias within the first 48 hours of their admission to the pediatric intensive care unit ( PICU ) .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "dysrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "4272", "type": "disease", "text": "These patients had a second event of cardiac arrest , resulting in death , within 10 to 60 minutes .", "entities": [ "cardiac arrest" ] }, { "id": "4274", "type": "disease", "text": "We conclude that cardiac pacing during resuscitative efforts in pediatric patients suffering from acute myocardial dysfunction may not have long - term value in and of itself ; however , if temporary hemodynamic stability is achieved by this procedure , it may provide additional time needed to institute other therapeutic modalities .", "entities": [ "myocardial dysfunction" ] }, { "id": "4275", "type": "disease", "text": "Efficacy and safety of granisetron , a selective 5 - hydroxytryptamine - 3 receptor antagonist , in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by high - dose cisplatin .", "entities": [ "nausea", "vomiting" ] }, { "id": "4276", "type": "disease", "text": "PURPOSE : To assess the antiemetic effects and safety profile of four different doses of granisetron ( Kytril ; SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals , Philadelphia , PA ) when administered as a single intravenous ( IV ) dose for prophylaxis of cisplatin - induced nausea and vomiting .", "entities": [ "nausea", "vomiting" ] }, { "id": "4278", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients were observed on an inpatient basis for 18 to 24 hours , and vital signs , nausea , vomiting , retching , and appetite were assessed .", "entities": [ "nausea", "vomiting" ] }, { "id": "4280", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : After granisetron doses of 5 , 10 , 20 , and 40 micrograms / kg , a major response ( < or = two vomiting or retching episodes , and no antiemetic rescue ) was recorded in 23 % , 57 % , 58 % , and 60 % of patients , respectively , and a complete response ( no vomiting or retching , and no antiemetic rescue ) in 18 % , 41 % , 40 % , and 47 % of patients , respectively .", "entities": [ "vomiting", "vomiting" ] }, { "id": "4281", "type": "disease", "text": "There was a statistically longer time to first episode of nausea ( P = . 0015 ) and vomiting ( P = . 0001 ) , and fewer patients were administered additional antiemetic medication in the 10 - micrograms / kg dosing groups than in the 5 - micrograms / kg dosing group .", "entities": [ "nausea", "vomiting" ] }, { "id": "4283", "type": "disease", "text": "Headache was the most frequently reported adverse event ( 20 % ) .", "entities": [ "Headache" ] }, { "id": "4284", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : A single 10 - , 20 - , or 40 - micrograms / kg dose of granisetron was effective in controlling vomiting in 57 % to 60 % of patients who received cisplatin at doses greater than 81 mg / m2 and totally prevented vomiting in 40 % to 47 % of patients .", "entities": [ "vomiting", "vomiting" ] }, { "id": "4288", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : To report two cases of a possible adverse interaction between clonidine and verapamil resulting in atrioventricular ( AV ) block in both patients and severe hypotension in one patient .", "entities": [ "atrioventricular ( AV ) block", "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4289", "type": "disease", "text": "CASE SUMMARIES : A 54 - year - old woman with hyperaldosteronism was treated with verapamil 480 mg / d and spironolactone 100 mg / d .", "entities": [ "hyperaldosteronism" ] }, { "id": "4290", "type": "disease", "text": "After the addition of a minimal dose of clonidine ( 0 . 15 mg bid ) , she developed complete AV block and severe hypotension , which resolved upon cessation of all medications .", "entities": [ "AV block", "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4292", "type": "disease", "text": "After the addition of clonidine 0 . 15 mg bid she developed complete AV block , which resolved after all therapy was stopped .", "entities": [ "AV block" ] }, { "id": "4300", "type": "disease", "text": "S - 312 , S - 312 - d , but not S - 312 - l , L - type calcium channel antagonists , showed anticonvulsant effects on the audiogenic tonic convulsions in DBA / 2 mice ; and their ED50 values were 18 . 4 ( 12 . 8 - 27 . 1 ) mg / kg , p . o . and 15 . 0 ( 10 . 2 - 23 . 7 ) mg / kg , p . o . , respectively , while that of flunarizine was 34 . 0 ( 26 . 0 - 44 . 8 ) mg / kg , p . o .", "entities": [ "audiogenic tonic convulsions" ] }, { "id": "4301", "type": "disease", "text": "Although moderate anticonvulsant effects of S - 312 - d in higher doses were observed against the clonic convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole ( 85 mg / kg , s . c . ) or bemegride ( 40 mg / kg , s . c . ) , no effects were observed in convulsions induced by N - methyl - D - aspartate , picrotoxin , or electroshock in Slc : ddY mice .", "entities": [ "convulsions", "convulsions" ] }, { "id": "4302", "type": "disease", "text": "S - 312 - d may be useful in the therapy of certain types of human epilepsy .", "entities": [ "epilepsy" ] }, { "id": "4303", "type": "disease", "text": "Transmural myocardial infarction with sumatriptan .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "4305", "type": "disease", "text": "We describe a 47 - year - old woman with an acute myocardial infarction after administration of sumatriptan 6 mg subcutaneously for cluster headache .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction", "cluster headache" ] }, { "id": "4306", "type": "disease", "text": "The patient had no history of underlying ischaemic heart disease or Prinzmetal ' s angina .", "entities": [ "ischaemic heart disease", "Prinzmetal ' s angina" ] }, { "id": "4308", "type": "disease", "text": "Flumazenil induces seizures and death in mixed cocaine - diazepam intoxications .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "4309", "type": "disease", "text": "STUDY HYPOTHESIS : Administration of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil may unmask seizures in mixed cocaine - benzodiazepine intoxication .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "4312", "type": "disease", "text": "Animal behavior , seizures ( time to and incidence ) , death ( time to and incidence ) , and cortical EEG tracings were recorded .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "4315", "type": "disease", "text": "This resulted in 100 % developing seizures and death .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "4321", "type": "disease", "text": "This resulted in no overt or EEG - detectable seizures and a 50 % incidence of death .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "4323", "type": "disease", "text": "This resulted in an increased incidence of seizures , 90 % ( P < . 01 ) , and death , 100 % ( P < or = . 01 ) , compared with group 4 .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "4325", "type": "disease", "text": "This also resulted in an increased incidence of seizures , 90 % ( P < or = . 01 ) , and death , 90 % ( P < or = . 05 ) , compared with group 4 .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "4326", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Flumazenil can unmask seizures and increase the incidence of death in a model of combined cocaine - diazepam intoxications .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "4327", "type": "disease", "text": "Mechanisms for protective effects of free radical scavengers on gentamicin - mediated nephropathy in rats .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "4328", "type": "disease", "text": "Studies were performed to examine the mechanisms for the protective effects of free radical scavengers on gentamicin ( GM ) - mediated nephropathy .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "4329", "type": "disease", "text": "Administration of GM at 40 mg / kg sc for 13 days to rats induced a significant reduction in renal blood flow ( RBF ) and inulin clearance ( CIn ) as well as marked tubular damage .", "entities": [ "tubular damage" ] }, { "id": "4330", "type": "disease", "text": "A significant reduction in urinary guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' - cyclic monophosphate ( cGMP ) excretion and a significant increase in renal cortical renin and endothelin - 1 contents were also observed in GM - mediated nephropathy .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "4333", "type": "disease", "text": "SOD did not attenuate the tubular damage .", "entities": [ "tubular damage" ] }, { "id": "4334", "type": "disease", "text": "In contrast , DMTU significantly reduced the tubular damage and lipid peroxidation , but it did not affect renal hemodynamics and vasoactive substances .", "entities": [ "tubular damage" ] }, { "id": "4336", "type": "disease", "text": "These results suggest that 1 ) both SOD and DMTU have protective effects on GM - mediated nephropathy , 2 ) the mechanisms for the protective effects differ for SOD and DMTU , and 3 ) superoxide anions play a critical role in GM - induced renal vasoconstriction .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "4337", "type": "disease", "text": "Cephalothin - induced immune hemolytic anemia .", "entities": [ "hemolytic anemia" ] }, { "id": "4338", "type": "disease", "text": "A patient with renal disease developed Coombs - positive hemolytic anemia while receiving cephalothin therapy .", "entities": [ "renal disease", "hemolytic anemia" ] }, { "id": "4342", "type": "disease", "text": "Careful investigation of drug - induced hemolytic anemias reveals the complexity of the immune mechanisms involved .", "entities": [ "hemolytic anemias" ] }, { "id": "4343", "type": "disease", "text": "Assessment of cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis during hypertrophy in adult mice .", "entities": [ "hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "4344", "type": "disease", "text": "The ability of cardiomyocytes to synthesize DNA in response to experimentally induced cardiac hypertrophy was assessed in adult mice .", "entities": [ "cardiac hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "4346", "type": "disease", "text": "No DNA synthesis , as assessed by autoradiographic analysis of isolated cardiomyocytes , was observed in control or hypertrophic hearts .", "entities": [ "hypertrophic hearts" ] }, { "id": "4348", "type": "disease", "text": "To determine whether the capacity for reactive DNA synthesis was also subject to genetic regulation , cardiac hypertrophy was induced in the strains of mice comprising the extremes of the nuclear number survey .", "entities": [ "cardiac hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "4349", "type": "disease", "text": "These data indicate that adult mouse atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes do not synthesize DNA in response to isoproterenol - induced cardiac hypertrophy .", "entities": [ "cardiac hypertrophy" ] }, { "id": "4350", "type": "disease", "text": "Central cardiovascular effects of AVP and ANP in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats .", "entities": [ "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "4351", "type": "disease", "text": "The purpose of the present study was to compare influence of central arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) and of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) on control of arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) and heart rate ( HR ) in normotensive ( WKY ) and spontaneously hypertensive ( SHR ) rats .", "entities": [ "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "4354", "type": "disease", "text": "Sensitivity of cardiac component of baroreflex ( CCB ) , expressed as a slope of the regression line was determined from relationships between systolic arterial pressure ( SAP ) and HR period ( HRp ) during phenylephrine ( Phe ) - induced hypertension and sodium nitroprusside ( SN ) - induced hypotension .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4358", "type": "disease", "text": "CCB was reduced in WKY and SHR after LV administration of AVP during SN - induced hypotension .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4361", "type": "disease", "text": "Cutaneous exposure to warfarin - like anticoagulant causing an intracerebral hemorrhage : a case report .", "entities": [ "intracerebral hemorrhage" ] }, { "id": "4362", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of intercerebral hematoma due to warfarin - induced coagulopathy is presented .", "entities": [ "hematoma", "coagulopathy" ] }, { "id": "4364", "type": "disease", "text": "Percutaneous absorption of warfarin causing coagulopathy , reported three times in the past , is a significant risk if protective measures , such as gloves , are not used .", "entities": [ "coagulopathy" ] }, { "id": "4365", "type": "disease", "text": "An adverse drug interaction with piroxicam , which she took occasionally , may have exacerbated the coagulopathy .", "entities": [ "coagulopathy" ] }, { "id": "4368", "type": "disease", "text": "Indications for transplantation were idiopathic cardiomyopathy ( 52 % ) , congenital heart disease ( 35 % ) with and without prior repair ( 71 % and 29 % , respectively ) , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( 5 % ) , valvular heart disease ( 3 % ) , and doxorubicin cardiomyopathy ( 5 % ) .", "entities": [ "idiopathic cardiomyopathy", "congenital heart disease", "hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "valvular heart disease", "cardiomyopathy" ] }, { "id": "4374", "type": "disease", "text": "There have been no deaths related to rejection or infection .", "entities": [ "infection" ] }, { "id": "4379", "type": "disease", "text": "Freedom from serious infections was 83 % at 1 month and 65 % at 1 year .", "entities": [ "infections" ] }, { "id": "4380", "type": "disease", "text": "Cytomegalovirus infections were treated successfully with ganciclovir in 11 patients .", "entities": [ "Cytomegalovirus infections" ] }, { "id": "4382", "type": "disease", "text": "Twenty - one patients ( 60 % ) have undergone annual catheterizations and no sign of graft atherosclerosis has been observed .", "entities": [ "atherosclerosis" ] }, { "id": "4383", "type": "disease", "text": "Seizures occurred in five patients ( 14 % ) and hypertension was treated in 10 patients ( 28 % ) .", "entities": [ "Seizures", "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "4384", "type": "disease", "text": "No patient was disabled and no lymphoproliferative disorder was observed . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entities": [ "lymphoproliferative disorder" ] }, { "id": "4385", "type": "disease", "text": "Delirium during fluoxetine treatment .", "entities": [ "Delirium" ] }, { "id": "4389", "type": "disease", "text": "In some cases , a high serum concentration of citalopram ( > 600 nmol / L ) in elderly patients has been associated with increased somnolence and movement difficulties .", "entities": [ "somnolence", "movement difficulties" ] }, { "id": "4390", "type": "disease", "text": "Widespread cognitive disorders , such as delirium , have not been previously linked with high blood levels of SSRIs .", "entities": [ "cognitive disorders", "delirium" ] }, { "id": "4391", "type": "disease", "text": "In this report , we describe a patient with acute hyperkinetic delirium connected with a high serum total fluoxetine ( fluoxetine plus desmethylfluoxetine ) concentration .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "4392", "type": "disease", "text": "Pulmonary edema and shock after high - dose aracytine - C for lymphoma ; possible role of TNF - alpha and PAF .", "entities": [ "Pulmonary edema", "shock", "lymphoma" ] }, { "id": "4393", "type": "disease", "text": "Four out of 23 consecutive patients treated with high - dose Ara - C for lymphomas in our institution developed a strikingly similar syndrome during the perfusion .", "entities": [ "lymphomas" ] }, { "id": "4394", "type": "disease", "text": "It was characterized by the onset of fever , diarrhea , shock , pulmonary edema , acute renal failure , metabolic acidosis , weight gain and leukocytosis .", "entities": [ "fever", "diarrhea", "shock", "pulmonary edema", "acute renal failure", "metabolic acidosis", "weight gain", "leukocytosis" ] }, { "id": "4395", "type": "disease", "text": "Thorough bacteriological screening failed to provide evidence of infection .", "entities": [ "infection" ] }, { "id": "4398", "type": "disease", "text": "As TNF and PAF are thought to be involved in the development of septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome , we hypothesize that high - dose Ara - C may be associated with cytokine release .", "entities": [ "shock", "adult respiratory distress syndrome" ] }, { "id": "4399", "type": "disease", "text": "Protective effect of clentiazem against epinephrine - induced cardiac injury in rats .", "entities": [ "cardiac injury" ] }, { "id": "4400", "type": "disease", "text": "We investigated the effects of clentiazem , a 1 , 5 - benzothiazepine calcium antagonist , on epinephrine - induced cardiomyopathy in rats .", "entities": [ "cardiomyopathy" ] }, { "id": "4401", "type": "disease", "text": "With 2 - week chronic epinephrine infusion , 16 of 30 rats died within 4 days , and severe ischemic lesions and fibrosis of the left ventricles were observed .", "entities": [ "ischemic lesions", "fibrosis" ] }, { "id": "4404", "type": "disease", "text": "Treatment with clentiazem prevented epinephrine - induced death ( P < . 05 ) , and attenuated the ventricular ischemic lesions and fibrosis , in a dose - dependent manner .", "entities": [ "ischemic lesions", "fibrosis" ] }, { "id": "4409", "type": "disease", "text": "In conclusion , clentiazem attenuated epinephrine - induced cardiac injury , possibly through its effect on the adrenergic pathway .", "entities": [ "cardiac injury" ] }, { "id": "4410", "type": "disease", "text": "Kaliuretic effect of L - dopa treatment in parkinsonian patients .", "entities": [ "parkinsonian" ] }, { "id": "4411", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypokalemia , sometimes severe , was observed in some L - dopa - treated parkinsonian patients .", "entities": [ "Hypokalemia", "parkinsonian" ] }, { "id": "4412", "type": "disease", "text": "The influence of L - dopa on the renal excretion of potassium was studied in 3 patients with hypokalemia and in 5 normokalemic patients by determination of renal plasma flow , glomerular filtration rate , plasma concentration of potassium and sodium as well as urinary excretion of potassium , sodium and aldosterone .", "entities": [ "hypokalemia" ] }, { "id": "4416", "type": "disease", "text": "Cocaine induced myocardial ischemia .", "entities": [ "myocardial ischemia" ] }, { "id": "4417", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case of myocardial ischemia induced by cocaine .", "entities": [ "myocardial ischemia" ] }, { "id": "4418", "type": "disease", "text": "The ischemia probably induced by coronary artery spasm was reversed by nitroglycerin and calcium blocking agents .", "entities": [ "ischemia", "coronary artery spasm" ] }, { "id": "4419", "type": "disease", "text": "Doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity monitored by ECG in freely moving mice .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "4421", "type": "disease", "text": "In laboratory animals , histology is most commonly used to study doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "4427", "type": "disease", "text": "After sacrifice the hearts of doxorubicin - treated animals were enlarged and the atria were hypertrophic .", "entities": [ "hypertrophic" ] }, { "id": "4428", "type": "disease", "text": "As this schedule exerted more toxicity than needed to investigate protective agents , the protection of ICRF - 187 was determined using a dose schedule with lower general toxicity ( 6 weekly doses of 4 mg / kg doxorubicin given i . v . plus 2 weeks of observation ) .", "entities": [ "toxicity", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "4431", "type": "disease", "text": "The results indicate that this new model is very sensitive and enables monitoring of the development of cardiotoxicity with time .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "4432", "type": "disease", "text": "These findings result in a model that allows the testing of protectors against doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity as demonstrated by the protection provided by ICRF - 187 .", "entities": [ "cardiotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "4434", "type": "disease", "text": "Since bupivacaine and epinephrine may both precipitate dysrhythmias , circulating bupivacaine during regional anesthesia could potentiate dysrhythmogenic effects of epinephrine .", "entities": [ "dysrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "4435", "type": "disease", "text": "We therefore examined whether bupivacaine alters the dysrhythmogenicity of subsequent administration of epinephrine in conscious , healthy dogs and in anesthetized dogs with myocardial infarction .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "4437", "type": "disease", "text": "Seventeen animals responded with ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) within 3 min .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachycardia", "VT" ] }, { "id": "4440", "type": "disease", "text": "VT appeared in fewer dogs and at a later time , and there were more sinoatrial beats and less ectopies .", "entities": [ "VT" ] }, { "id": "4442", "type": "disease", "text": "One day after experimental myocardial infarction , six additional halothane - anesthetized dogs received 4 micrograms . kg - 1 . min - 1 epinephrine until VT appeared .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction", "VT" ] }, { "id": "4445", "type": "disease", "text": "Bupivacaine antagonizes epinephrine dysrhythmogenicity in conscious dogs susceptible to VT and in anesthetized dogs with spontaneous postinfarct dysrhythmias .", "entities": [ "VT", "dysrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "4447", "type": "disease", "text": "Milk - alkali syndrome induced by 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2D in a patient with hypoparathyroidism .", "entities": [ "Milk - alkali syndrome", "hypoparathyroidism" ] }, { "id": "4448", "type": "disease", "text": "Milk - alkali syndrome was first described 70 years ago in the context of the treatment of peptic ulcer disease with large amounts of calcium and alkali .", "entities": [ "Milk - alkali syndrome", "peptic ulcer disease" ] }, { "id": "4449", "type": "disease", "text": "Although with current ulcer therapy ( H - 2 blockers , omeprazole , and sucralfate ) , the frequency of milk - alkali syndrome has decreased significantly , the classic triad of hypercalcemia , alkalosis , and renal impairment remains the hallmark of the syndrome .", "entities": [ "ulcer", "milk - alkali syndrome", "hypercalcemia", "alkalosis", "renal impairment" ] }, { "id": "4450", "type": "disease", "text": "Milk - alkali syndrome can present serious and occasionally life - threatening illness unless diagnosed and treated appropriately .", "entities": [ "Milk - alkali syndrome" ] }, { "id": "4451", "type": "disease", "text": "This article presents a patient with hypoparathyroidism who was treated with calcium carbonate and calcitriol resulting in two admissions to the hospital for milk - alkali syndrome .", "entities": [ "hypoparathyroidism", "milk - alkali syndrome" ] }, { "id": "4453", "type": "disease", "text": "This illustrates intravenous pamidronate as a valuable therapeutic tool when milk - alkali syndrome presents as hypercalcemic emergency .", "entities": [ "milk - alkali syndrome", "hypercalcemic emergency" ] }, { "id": "4454", "type": "disease", "text": "Famotidine - associated delirium .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "4456", "type": "disease", "text": "Famotidine is a histamine H2 - receptor antagonist used in inpatient settings for prevention of stress ulcers and is showing increasing popularity because of its low cost .", "entities": [ "ulcers" ] }, { "id": "4457", "type": "disease", "text": "Although all of the currently available H2 - receptor antagonists have shown the propensity to cause delirium , only two previously reported cases have been associated with famotidine .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "4458", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors report on six cases of famotidine - associated delirium in hospitalized patients who cleared completely upon removal of famotidine .", "entities": [ "delirium" ] }, { "id": "4461", "type": "disease", "text": "Encephalopathy during amitriptyline therapy : are neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome spectrum disorders ?", "entities": [ "Encephalopathy", "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "serotonin syndrome" ] }, { "id": "4462", "type": "disease", "text": "This report describes a case of encephalopathy developed in the course of amitriptyline therapy , during a remission of unipolar depression .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy", "unipolar depression" ] }, { "id": "4463", "type": "disease", "text": "This patient could have been diagnosed as having either neuroleptic malignant syndrome ( NMS ) or serotonin syndrome ( SS ) .", "entities": [ "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "NMS", "serotonin syndrome", "SS" ] }, { "id": "4465", "type": "disease", "text": "The NMS - like encephalopathy that develops in association with the use of antidepressants indicates that NMS and SS are spectrum disorders induced by drugs with both antidopaminergic and serotonergic effects .", "entities": [ "NMS", "encephalopathy", "NMS", "SS" ] }, { "id": "4466", "type": "disease", "text": "Genetic separation of tumor growth and hemorrhagic phenotypes in an estrogen - induced tumor .", "entities": [ "tumor", "hemorrhagic", "tumor" ] }, { "id": "4467", "type": "disease", "text": "Chronic administration of estrogen to the Fischer 344 ( F344 ) rat induces growth of large , hemorrhagic pituitary tumors .", "entities": [ "pituitary tumors" ] }, { "id": "4468", "type": "disease", "text": "Ten weeks of diethylstilbestrol ( DES ) treatment caused female F344 rat pituitaries to grow to an average of 109 . 2 + / - 6 . 3 mg ( mean + / - SE ) versus 11 . 3 + / - 1 . 4 mg for untreated rats , and to become highly hemorrhagic .", "entities": [ "hemorrhagic" ] }, { "id": "4471", "type": "disease", "text": "Surprisingly , the F1 hybrid tumors were not hemorrhagic and had hemoglobin content and outward appearance identical to that of BN .", "entities": [ "tumors", "hemorrhagic" ] }, { "id": "4473", "type": "disease", "text": "However , while DES - induced pituitary growth exhibited quantitative , additive inheritance , the hemorrhagic phenotype exhibited recessive , epistatic inheritance .", "entities": [ "hemorrhagic" ] }, { "id": "4474", "type": "disease", "text": "Only 5 of the 160 F2 pituitaries exhibited the hemorrhagic phenotype ; 36 of the 160 F2 pituitaries were in the F344 range of mass , but 31 of these were not hemorrhagic , indicating that the hemorrhagic phenotype is not merely a consequence of extensive growth .", "entities": [ "hemorrhagic", "hemorrhagic", "hemorrhagic" ] }, { "id": "4475", "type": "disease", "text": "The hemorrhagic F2 pituitaries were all among the most massive , indicating that some of the genes regulate both phenotypes .", "entities": [ "hemorrhagic" ] }, { "id": "4476", "type": "disease", "text": "Increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in bladder afferent pathways following chronic bladder irritation .", "entities": [ "bladder irritation" ] }, { "id": "4477", "type": "disease", "text": "Immunocytochemical techniques were used to examine alterations in the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase ( NOS ) in bladder pathways following acute and chronic irritation of the urinary tract of the rat .", "entities": [ "irritation of the urinary tract" ] }, { "id": "4478", "type": "disease", "text": "Chemical cystitis was induced by cyclophosphamide ( CYP ) which is metabolized to acrolein , an irritant eliminated in the urine .", "entities": [ "cystitis" ] }, { "id": "4486", "type": "disease", "text": "Effects of a new calcium antagonist , CD - 832 , on isoproterenol - induced myocardial ischemia in dogs with partial coronary stenosis .", "entities": [ "myocardial ischemia", "coronary stenosis" ] }, { "id": "4487", "type": "disease", "text": "Effects of CD - 832 on isoproterenol ( ISO ) - induced myocardial ischemia were studied in dogs with partial coronary stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery and findings were compared with those for nifedipine or diltiazem .", "entities": [ "myocardial ischemia", "coronary stenosis" ] }, { "id": "4488", "type": "disease", "text": "In the presence of coronary artery stenosis , 3 - min periods of intracoronary ISO infusion ( 10 ng / kg / min ) increased heart rate and maximal rate of left ventricular pressure rise , which resulted in a decrease in percentage segmental shortening and ST - segment elevation of the epicardial electrocardiogram .", "entities": [ "coronary artery stenosis" ] }, { "id": "4489", "type": "disease", "text": "After the control ISO infusion with stenosis was performed , equihypotensive doses of CD - 832 ( 3 and 10 micrograms / kg / min , n = 7 ) , nifedipine ( 1 and 3 micrograms / kg / min , n = 9 ) or diltiazem ( 10 and 30 micrograms / kg / min , n = 7 ) were infused 5 min before and during the second and third ISO infusion .", "entities": [ "stenosis" ] }, { "id": "4491", "type": "disease", "text": "In contrast to nifedipine , CD - 832 ( 10 micrograms / kg / min ) prevented the decrease in percentage segmental shortening from 32 + / - 12 % to 115 + / - 26 % of the control value ( P < . 01 ) and ST - segment elevation from 5 . 6 + / - 1 . 0 mV to 1 . 6 + / - 1 . 3 mV ( P < . 01 ) at 3 min after ISO infusion with stenosis .", "entities": [ "stenosis" ] }, { "id": "4492", "type": "disease", "text": "Diltiazem ( 30 micrograms / kg / min ) also prevented the decrease in percentage segmental shortening from 34 + / - 14 % to 63 + / - 18 % of the control value ( P < . 05 ) and ST - segment elevation from 4 . 7 + / - 0 . 7 mV to 2 . 1 + / - 0 . 7 mV ( P < . 01 ) at 3 min after ISO infusion with stenosis .", "entities": [ "stenosis" ] }, { "id": "4493", "type": "disease", "text": "These data show that CD - 832 improves myocardial ischemia during ISO infusion with stenosis and suggest that the negative chronotropic property of CD - 832 plays a major role in the beneficial effects of CD - 832 .", "entities": [ "myocardial ischemia", "stenosis" ] }, { "id": "4494", "type": "disease", "text": "The effect of recombinant human insulin - like growth factor - I on chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy in rats .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "4495", "type": "disease", "text": "We recently demonstrated that recombinant hGH exacerbates renal functional and structural injury in chronic puromycin aminonucleoside ( PAN ) nephropathy , an experimental model of glomerular disease .", "entities": [ "nephropathy", "glomerular disease" ] }, { "id": "4496", "type": "disease", "text": "Therefore , we examined whether recombinant human ( rh ) IGF - I is a safer alternative for the treatment of growth failure in rats with chronic PAN nephropathy .", "entities": [ "growth failure", "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "4497", "type": "disease", "text": "The glomerulopathy was induced by seven serial injections of PAN over 12 wk .", "entities": [ "glomerulopathy" ] }, { "id": "4499", "type": "disease", "text": "rhIGF - I improved weight gain by 14 % ( p < 0 . 05 ) , without altering hematocrit or blood pressure in rats with renal disease .", "entities": [ "renal disease" ] }, { "id": "4500", "type": "disease", "text": "Urinary protein excretion was unaltered by rhIGF - I treatment in rats with chronic PAN nephropathy .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "4501", "type": "disease", "text": "After 12 wk , the inulin clearance was higher in rhIGF - I - treated rats , 0 . 48 + / - 0 . 08 versus 0 . 24 + / - 0 . 06 mL / min / 100 g of body weight in untreated PAN nephropathy animals , p < 0 . 05 .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "4502", "type": "disease", "text": "The improvement in GFR was not associated with enhanced glomerular hypertrophy or increased segmental glomerulosclerosis , tubulointerstitial injury , or renal cortical malondialdehyde content .", "entities": [ "glomerular hypertrophy", "glomerulosclerosis", "tubulointerstitial injury" ] }, { "id": "4503", "type": "disease", "text": "In rats with PAN nephropathy , administration of rhIGF - I increased IGF - I and GH receptor gene expression , without altering the steady state level of IGF - I receptor mRNA .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "4504", "type": "disease", "text": "In normal rats with intact kidneys , rhIGF - I administration ( n = 4 ) did not alter weight gain , blood pressure , proteinuria , GFR , glomerular planar area , renal cortical malondialdehyde content , or glomerular or tubulointerstitial damage , compared with untreated animals ( n = 4 ) .", "entities": [ "proteinuria", "tubulointerstitial damage" ] }, { "id": "4506", "type": "disease", "text": "We conclude that : 1 ) administration of rhIGF - I improves growth and GFR in rats with chronic PAN nephropathy and 2 ) unlike rhGH , long - term use of rhIGF - I does not worsen renal functional and structural injury in this disease model .", "entities": [ "nephropathy" ] }, { "id": "4507", "type": "disease", "text": "Nefiracetam ( DM - 9384 ) reverses apomorphine - induced amnesia of a passive avoidance response : delayed emergence of the memory retention effects .", "entities": [ "amnesia" ] }, { "id": "4508", "type": "disease", "text": "Nefiracetam is a novel pyrrolidone derivative which attenuates scopolamine - induced learning and post - training consolidation deficits .", "entities": [ "learning and post - training consolidation deficits" ] }, { "id": "4509", "type": "disease", "text": "Given that apomorphine inhibits passive avoidance retention when given during training or in a defined 10 - 12h post - training period , we evaluated the ability of nefiracetam to attenuate amnesia induced by dopaminergic agonism .", "entities": [ "amnesia" ] }, { "id": "4512", "type": "disease", "text": "However , administration of nefiracetam during training completely reversed the amnesia induced by apomorphine at the 10h post - training time and the converse was also true .", "entities": [ "amnesia" ] }, { "id": "4515", "type": "disease", "text": "Phenytoin encephalopathy as probable idiosyncratic reaction : case report .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "4516", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of phenytoin ( DPH ) encephalopathy with increasing seizures and EEG and mental changes is described .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy", "seizures" ] }, { "id": "4518", "type": "disease", "text": "The encephalopathy was probably an idiosyncratic and not toxic or allergic reaction .", "entities": [ "encephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "4519", "type": "disease", "text": "In fact the concentration of free DPH was normal , the patient presented a retarded morbilliform rash during DPH treatment , the protidogram was normal , and an intradermic DPH injection had no local effect .", "entities": [ "rash" ] }, { "id": "4520", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors conclude that in a patient starting DPH treatment an unexpected increase in seizures , with EEG and mental changes occurring simultaneously , should alert the physician to the possible need for eliminating DPH from the therapeutic regimen , even if plasma concentrations are low .", "entities": [ "seizures" ] }, { "id": "4521", "type": "disease", "text": "Prevention and treatment of endometrial disease in climacteric women receiving oestrogen therapy .", "entities": [ "endometrial disease" ] }, { "id": "4522", "type": "disease", "text": "The treatment regimens are described in 74 patients with endometrial disease among 850 climacteric women receiving oestrogen therapy .", "entities": [ "endometrial disease" ] }, { "id": "4523", "type": "disease", "text": "Cystic hyperplasia was associated with unopposed oestrogen therapy without progestagen .", "entities": [ "hyperplasia" ] }, { "id": "4524", "type": "disease", "text": "Two courses of 21 days of 5 mg norethisterone daily caused reversion to normal in all 57 cases of cystic hyperplasia and 6 of the 8 cases of atypical hyperplasia .", "entities": [ "hyperplasia", "hyperplasia" ] }, { "id": "4525", "type": "disease", "text": "4 cases of endometrial carcinoma referred from elsewhere demonstrated the problems of inappropriate and unsupervised unopposed oestrogen therapy and the difficulty in distinguishing severe hyperplasia from malignancy .", "entities": [ "endometrial carcinoma", "hyperplasia", "malignancy" ] }, { "id": "4526", "type": "disease", "text": "Cyclical low - dose oestrogen therapy with 7 - - 13 days of progestagen does not seem to increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma .", "entities": [ "endometrial hyperplasia", "carcinoma" ] }, { "id": "4527", "type": "disease", "text": "Effects of exercise on the severity of isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "4528", "type": "disease", "text": "The effect of exercise on the severity of isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction was studied in male rats .", "entities": [ "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "4536", "type": "disease", "text": "The results indicated that exercise reduced the mortality associated with the effects of large dosages of isoproterenol but had little on the severity of the infarction .", "entities": [ "infarction" ] }, { "id": "4537", "type": "disease", "text": "Human corticotropin - releasing hormone and thyrotropin - releasing hormone modulate the hypercapnic ventilatory response in humans .", "entities": [ "hypercapnic" ] }, { "id": "4547", "type": "disease", "text": "The results indicate an additive effect of both releasing hormones on the hypercapnic ventilatory response in humans , presumably independent of central chemosensitivity .", "entities": [ "hypercapnic" ] }, { "id": "4548", "type": "disease", "text": "Lamivudine is effective in suppressing hepatitis B virus DNA in Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen carriers : a placebo - controlled trial .", "entities": [ "hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "4549", "type": "disease", "text": "Lamivudine is a novel 2 ' , 3 ' - dideoxy cytosine analogue that has potent inhibitory effects on hepatitis B virus replication in vitro and in vivo .", "entities": [ "hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "4554", "type": "disease", "text": "All 36 patients receiving lamivudine had a decrease in hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA values of > 90 % ( P < . 001 compared with placebo ) .", "entities": [ "hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "4557", "type": "disease", "text": "There was no change in the hepatitis B e antigen status or in aminotransferase levels .", "entities": [ "hepatitis B" ] }, { "id": "4562", "type": "disease", "text": "Population - based study of risk of venous thromboembolism associated with various oral contraceptives .", "entities": [ "venous thromboembolism" ] }, { "id": "4563", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : Four studies published since December , 1995 , reported that the incidence of venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) was higher in women who used oral contraceptives ( OCs ) containing the third - generation progestagens gestodene or desogestrel than in users of OCs containing second - generation progestagens .", "entities": [ "venous thromboembolism", "VTE" ] }, { "id": "4565", "type": "disease", "text": "The aim of our study was to re - examine the association between risk of VTE and OC use with a different study design and analysis to avoid some of the bias and confounding of the earlier studies .", "entities": [ "VTE" ] }, { "id": "4568", "type": "disease", "text": "All women who had a recorded diagnosis of deep - vein thrombosis , venous thrombosis not otherwise specified , or pulmonary embolus during the study period , and who had been treated with an anticoagulant were identified as potential cases of VTE .", "entities": [ "deep - vein thrombosis", "venous thrombosis", "VTE" ] }, { "id": "4569", "type": "disease", "text": "We did a cohort analysis to estimate and compare incidence of VTE in users of the main OC preparations , and a nested case - control study to calculate the odds ratios of VTE associated with use of different types of OC , after adjustment for potential confounding factors .", "entities": [ "VTE", "VTE" ] }, { "id": "4572", "type": "disease", "text": "FINDINGS : 85 women met the inclusion criteria for VTE , two of whom were users of progestagen - only OCs .", "entities": [ "VTE" ] }, { "id": "4573", "type": "disease", "text": "Of the 83 cases of VTE associated with use of combined OCs , 43 were recorded as deep - vein thrombosis , 35 as pulmonary thrombosis , and five as venous thrombosis not otherwise specified .", "entities": [ "VTE", "deep - vein thrombosis", "thrombosis", "venous thrombosis" ] }, { "id": "4574", "type": "disease", "text": "The crude rate of VTE per 10 , 000 woman - years was 4 . 10 in current users of any OC , 3 . 10 in users of second - generation OCs , and 4 . 96 in users of third - generation preparations .", "entities": [ "VTE" ] }, { "id": "4575", "type": "disease", "text": "After adjustment for age , the rate ratio of VTE in users of third - generation relative to second - generation OCs was 1 . 68 ( 95 % CI 1 . 04 - 2 . 75 ) .", "entities": [ "VTE" ] }, { "id": "4576", "type": "disease", "text": "Logistic regression showed no significant difference in the risk of VTE between users of third - generation and second - generation OCs .", "entities": [ "VTE" ] }, { "id": "4577", "type": "disease", "text": "Among users of third - generation progestagens , the risk of VTE was higher in users of desogestrel with 20 g ethinyloestradiol than in users of gestodene or desogestrel with 30 g ethinyloestradiol .", "entities": [ "VTE" ] }, { "id": "4578", "type": "disease", "text": "With all second - generation OCs as the reference , the odds ratios for VTE were 3 . 49 ( 1 . 21 - 10 . 12 ) for desogestrel plus 20 g ethinyloestradiol and 1 . 18 ( 0 . 66 - 2 . 17 ) for the other third - generation progestagens .", "entities": [ "VTE" ] }, { "id": "4581", "type": "disease", "text": "MK - 801 augments pilocarpine - induced electrographic seizure but protects against brain damage in rats .", "entities": [ "seizure", "brain damage" ] }, { "id": "4583", "type": "disease", "text": "The authors examined the anticonvulsant effects of MK - 801 on the pilocarpine - induced seizure model .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "4584", "type": "disease", "text": "Intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine ( 400 mg / kg ) induced tonic and clonic seizure .", "entities": [ "tonic and clonic seizure" ] }, { "id": "4585", "type": "disease", "text": "Scopolamine ( 10 mg / kg ) and pentobarbital ( 5 mg / kg ) prevented development of pilocarpine - induced behavioral seizure but MK - 801 ( 0 . 5 mg / kg ) did not .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "4587", "type": "disease", "text": "An electrical seizure measured with hippocampal EEG appeared in the pilocarpine - treated group .", "entities": [ "seizure" ] }, { "id": "4588", "type": "disease", "text": "Scopolamine and pentobarbital blocked the pilocarpine - induced electrographic seizure , MK - 801 treatment augmented the electrographic seizure induced by pilocarpine .", "entities": [ "seizure", "seizure" ] }, { "id": "4590", "type": "disease", "text": "Brain damage was assessed by examining the hippocampus microscopically .", "entities": [ "Brain damage" ] }, { "id": "4591", "type": "disease", "text": "Pilocarpine produced neuronal death in the hippocampus , which showed pyknotic changes .", "entities": [ "neuronal death" ] }, { "id": "4592", "type": "disease", "text": "Pentobarbital , scopolamine and MK - 801 protected the brain damage by pilocarpine , though in the MK - 801 - treated group , the pyramidal cells of hippocampus appeared darker than normal .", "entities": [ "brain damage" ] }, { "id": "4595", "type": "disease", "text": "These results indicate that status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine is initiated by cholinergic overstimulation and propagated by glutamatergic transmission , the elevation of which may cause brain damage through an excitatory NMDA receptor - mediated mechanism .", "entities": [ "status epilepticus", "brain damage" ] }, { "id": "4596", "type": "disease", "text": "Paclitaxel , 5 - fluorouracil , and folinic acid in metastatic breast cancer : BRE - 26 , a phase II trial .", "entities": [ "breast cancer" ] }, { "id": "4597", "type": "disease", "text": "5 - Fluorouracil plus folinic acid and paclitaxel ( Taxol ; Bristol - Myers Squibb Company , Princeton , NJ ) are effective salvage therapies for metastatic breast cancer patients .", "entities": [ "breast cancer" ] }, { "id": "4598", "type": "disease", "text": "Paclitaxel and 5 - fluorouracil have additive cytotoxicity in MCF - 7 cell lines .", "entities": [ "cytotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "4599", "type": "disease", "text": "We performed a phase II trial of paclitaxel 175 mg / m2 over 3 hours on day I followed by folinic acid 300 mg over 1 hour before 5 - fluorouracil 350 mg / m2 on days 1 to 3 every 28 days ( TFL ) in women with metastatic breast cancer .", "entities": [ "breast cancer" ] }, { "id": "4600", "type": "disease", "text": "Analysis is reported on 37 patients with a minimum of 6 months follow - up who received a total of 192 cycles of TFL : nine cycles ( 5 % ) were associated with grade 3 / 4 neutropenia requiring hospitalization ; seven ( 4 % ) cycles in two patients required granulocyte colony - stimulating factor due to neutropenia ; no patient required platelet transfusions .", "entities": [ "neutropenia", "neutropenia" ] }, { "id": "4601", "type": "disease", "text": "Grade 3 / 4 nonhematologic toxicities were uncommon .", "entities": [ "toxicities" ] }, { "id": "4605", "type": "disease", "text": "TFL is an active , well - tolerated regimen in metastatic breast cancer .", "entities": [ "breast cancer" ] }, { "id": "4606", "type": "disease", "text": "Efficacy and proarrhythmia with the use of d , l - sotalol for sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias .", "entities": [ "proarrhythmia", "ventricular tachyarrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "4607", "type": "disease", "text": "This study prospectively evaluated the clinical efficacy , the incidence of torsades de pointes , and the presumable risk factors for torsades de pointes in patients treated with d , l - sotalol for sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias .", "entities": [ "torsades de pointes", "torsades de pointes", "ventricular tachyarrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "4608", "type": "disease", "text": "Eighty - one consecutive patients ( 54 with coronary artery disease , and 20 with dilated cardiomyopathy ) with inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation received oral d , l - sotalol to prevent induction of the ventricular tachyarrhythmia .", "entities": [ "coronary artery disease", "dilated cardiomyopathy", "ventricular tachycardia", "ventricular fibrillation", "ventricular tachyarrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "4610", "type": "disease", "text": "Those patients in whom d , l - sotalol prevented induction of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation were discharged with the drug and followed up on an outpatient basis for 21 + / - 18 months .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachycardia", "ventricular fibrillation" ] }, { "id": "4611", "type": "disease", "text": "Induction of the ventricular tachyarrhythmia was prevented by oral d , l - sotalol in 35 ( 43 % ) patients ; the ventricular tachyarrhythmia remained inducible in 40 ( 49 % ) patients ; and two ( 2 . 5 % ) patients did not tolerate even 40 mg of d , l - sotalol once daily .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachyarrhythmia", "ventricular tachyarrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "4612", "type": "disease", "text": "Four ( 5 % ) patients had from torsades de pointes during the initial oral treatment with d , l - sotalol .", "entities": [ "torsades de pointes" ] }, { "id": "4613", "type": "disease", "text": "Neither ECG [ sinus - cycle length ( SCL ) , QT or QTc interval , or U wave ] nor clinical parameters identified patients at risk for torsades de pointes .", "entities": [ "torsades de pointes" ] }, { "id": "4614", "type": "disease", "text": "However , the oral dose of d , l - sotalol was significantly lower in patients with torsades de pointes ( 200 + / - 46 vs . 328 + / - 53 mg / day ; p = 0 . 0017 ) .", "entities": [ "torsades de pointes" ] }, { "id": "4615", "type": "disease", "text": "Risk factors associated with the development of torsades de pointes were the appearance of an U wave ( p = 0 . 049 ) , female gender ( p = 0 . 015 ) , and significant dose - corrected changes of SCL , QT interval , and QTc interval ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entities": [ "torsades de pointes" ] }, { "id": "4616", "type": "disease", "text": "During follow - up , seven ( 20 % ) patients had a nonfatal ventricular tachycardia recurrence , and two ( 6 % ) patients died suddenly .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "4617", "type": "disease", "text": "One female patient with stable cardiac disease had recurrent torsades de pointes after 2 years of successful treatment with d , l - sotalol .", "entities": [ "cardiac disease", "torsades de pointes" ] }, { "id": "4618", "type": "disease", "text": "Torsades de pointes occurred early during treatment even with low doses of oral d , l - sotalol .", "entities": [ "Torsades de pointes" ] }, { "id": "4619", "type": "disease", "text": "Pronounced changes in the surface ECG ( cycle length , QT , and QTc ) in relation to the dose of oral d , l - sotalol might identify a subgroup of patients with an increased risk for torsades de pointes .", "entities": [ "torsades de pointes" ] }, { "id": "4620", "type": "disease", "text": "Other ECG parameters before the application of d , l - sotalol did not identify patients at increased risk for torsades de pointes .", "entities": [ "torsades de pointes" ] }, { "id": "4621", "type": "disease", "text": "Recurrence rates of ventricular tachyarrhythmias are high despite complete suppression of the arrhythmia during programmed stimulation .", "entities": [ "ventricular tachyarrhythmias", "arrhythmia" ] }, { "id": "4623", "type": "disease", "text": "Chronic hyperprolactinemia and changes in dopamine neurons .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "4627", "type": "disease", "text": "The purpose of this study was to induce hyperprolactinemia in rats for extended periods of time and examine its effects on dopaminergic systems in the brain .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "4628", "type": "disease", "text": "Hyperprolactinemia was induced by treatment with haloperidol , a dopamine receptor antagonist , and Palkovits ' microdissection technique in combination with high - performance liquid chromatography was used to measure neurotransmitter concentrations in several areas of the brain .", "entities": [ "Hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "4629", "type": "disease", "text": "After 6 months of hyperprolactinemia , dopamine ( DA ) concentrations in the median eminence ( ME ) increased by 84 % over the control group .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "4630", "type": "disease", "text": "Nine months of hyperprolactinemia produced a 50 % increase in DA concentrations in the ME over the control group .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "4631", "type": "disease", "text": "However , DA response was lost if a 9 - month long haloperidol - induced hyperprolactinemia was followed by a 1 1 / 2 month - long extremely high increase in serum PRL levels produced by implantation of MMQ cells under the kidney capsule .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "4632", "type": "disease", "text": "There was no change in the levels of DA , norepinephrine ( NE ) , serotonin ( 5 - HT ) , or their metabolites in the arcuate nucleus ( AN ) , medial preoptic area ( MPA ) , caudate putamen ( CP ) , substantia nigra ( SN ) , and zona incerta ( ZI ) , except for a decrease in 5 - hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 - HIAA ) in the AN after 6 - months of hyperprolactinemia and an increase in DA concentrations in the AN after 9 - months of hyperprolactinemia .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia", "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "4633", "type": "disease", "text": "These results demonstrate that hyperprolactinemia specifically affects TIDA neurons and these effects vary , depending on the duration and intensity of hyperprolactinemia .", "entities": [ "hyperprolactinemia", "hyperprolactinemia" ] }, { "id": "4635", "type": "disease", "text": "Treatment - related disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy with characteristic contrast enhancement of the white matter .", "entities": [ "leukoencephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "4636", "type": "disease", "text": "This report describes unique contrast enhancement of the white matter on T1 - weighted magnetic resonance images of two patients with disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy , which developed from acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with high - dose methotrexate .", "entities": [ "leukoencephalopathy", "acute lymphoblastic leukemia" ] }, { "id": "4638", "type": "disease", "text": "Necropsy of the first case revealed loss of myelination and necrosis of the white matter .", "entities": [ "loss of myelination", "necrosis" ] }, { "id": "4639", "type": "disease", "text": "Possible mechanisms causing such a leukoencephalopathy are discussed .", "entities": [ "leukoencephalopathy" ] }, { "id": "4640", "type": "disease", "text": "Thrombotic complications in acute promyelocytic leukemia during all - trans - retinoic acid therapy .", "entities": [ "Thrombotic", "acute promyelocytic leukemia" ] }, { "id": "4641", "type": "disease", "text": "A case of acute renal failure , due to occlusion of renal vessels in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia ( APL ) treated with all - trans - retinoic acid ( ATRA ) and tranexamic acid has been described recently .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure", "occlusion of renal vessels", "acute promyelocytic leukemia", "APL" ] }, { "id": "4642", "type": "disease", "text": "We report a case of acute renal failure in an APL patient treated with ATRA alone .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure", "APL" ] }, { "id": "4643", "type": "disease", "text": "This case further supports the concern about thromboembolic complications associated with ATRA therapy in APL patients .", "entities": [ "thromboembolic", "APL" ] }, { "id": "4644", "type": "disease", "text": "The patients , a 43 - year - old man , presented all the signs and symptoms of APL and was included in a treatment protocol with ATRA .", "entities": [ "APL" ] }, { "id": "4645", "type": "disease", "text": "After 10 days of treatment , he developed acute renal failure that was completely reversible after complete remission of APL was achieved and therapy discontinued .", "entities": [ "acute renal failure", "APL" ] }, { "id": "4646", "type": "disease", "text": "We conclude that ATRA is a valid therapeutic choice for patients with APL , although the procoagulant tendency is not completely corrected .", "entities": [ "APL" ] }, { "id": "4647", "type": "disease", "text": "Thrombotic events , however , could be avoided by using low - dose heparin .", "entities": [ "Thrombotic" ] }, { "id": "4648", "type": "disease", "text": "Pupillary changes associated with the development of stimulant - induced mania : a case report .", "entities": [ "mania" ] }, { "id": "4649", "type": "disease", "text": "A 30 - year - old cocaine - dependent man who was a subject in a study evaluating the anticraving efficacy of the stimulant medication diethylpropion ( DEP ) became manic during his second week on the study drug .", "entities": [ "manic" ] }, { "id": "4650", "type": "disease", "text": "Pupillometric changes while on DEP , especially changes in the total power of pupillary oscillation , were dramatically different than those observed in the eight other study subjects who did not become manic .", "entities": [ "pupillary oscillation", "manic" ] }, { "id": "4651", "type": "disease", "text": "The large changes in total power of pupillary oscillation occurred a few days before the patient became fully manic .", "entities": [ "pupillary oscillation", "manic" ] }, { "id": "4652", "type": "disease", "text": "Such medication - associated changes in the total power of pupillary oscillation might be of utility in identifying persons at risk for manic - like adverse effects during the medical use of psychomotor stimulants or sympathomimetic agents .", "entities": [ "pupillary oscillation", "manic" ] }, { "id": "4656", "type": "disease", "text": "The baby died of cerebral and pulmonary hemorrhage .", "entities": [ "cerebral and pulmonary hemorrhage" ] }, { "id": "4658", "type": "disease", "text": "The baby showed warfarin - induced embryopathy with nasal hypoplasia and stippled epiphyses ( chondrodysplasia punctata ) .", "entities": [ "embryopathy", "nasal hypoplasia", "stippled epiphyses", "chondrodysplasia punctata" ] }, { "id": "4659", "type": "disease", "text": "Nasal hypoplasia with or without stippled epiphyses has now been reported in 11 infants born to mothers treated with warfarin during the first trimester , and a causal association is probable .", "entities": [ "Nasal hypoplasia", "stippled epiphyses" ] }, { "id": "4662", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : We wanted to test whether assessment of both a central pain - related signal ( chemo - somatosensory evoked potential , CSSEP ) and a concomitantly recorded peripheral signal ( negative mucosal potential , NMP ) allows for separation of central and peripheral effects of NSAIDs .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "4663", "type": "disease", "text": "For this purpose , experimental conditions were created in which NSAIDs had previously been observed to produce effects on phasic and tonic pain by either central or peripheral mechanisms .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "4665", "type": "disease", "text": "Phasic pain was applied by means of short pulses of CO2 to the nasal mucosa ( stimulus duration 500 ms , interval approximately 60 s ) , and tonic pain was induced in the nasal cavity by means of dry air of controlled temperature , humidity and flow rate ( 22 degrees C , 0 % relative humidity , 145 ml . s - 1 ) .", "entities": [ "pain", "pain" ] }, { "id": "4666", "type": "disease", "text": "Both CSSEPs as central and NMPs as peripheral correlates of pain were obtained in response to the CO2 stimuli .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "4667", "type": "disease", "text": "Additionally , the subjects rated the intensity of both phasic and tonic pain by means of visual analogue scales .", "entities": [ "pain" ] }, { "id": "4668", "type": "disease", "text": "RESULTS : As described earlier , administration of ibuprofen was followed by a decrease in tonic pain but - relative to placebo - an increase in correlates of phasic pain , indicating a specific effect of ibuprofen on the interaction between the pain stimuli under these special experimental conditions .", "entities": [ "pain", "pain", "pain" ] }, { "id": "4671", "type": "disease", "text": "The major advantage of this pain model is the possibility of obtaining peripheral pain - related activity directly using a non - invasive technique in humans .", "entities": [ "pain", "pain" ] }, { "id": "4672", "type": "disease", "text": "Effect of D - Glucarates on basic antibiotic - induced renal damage in rats .", "entities": [ "renal damage" ] }, { "id": "4673", "type": "disease", "text": "Dehydrated rats regularly develop acute renal failure following single injection of aminoglycoside antibiotics combined with dextran or of antibiotics only .", "entities": [ "Dehydrated", "acute renal failure" ] }, { "id": "4674", "type": "disease", "text": "Oral administration of 2 , 5 - di - O - acetyl - D - glucaro - 1 , 4 - 6 , 3 - dilactone protected rats against renal failure induced by kanamycin - dextran .", "entities": [ "renal failure" ] }, { "id": "4676", "type": "disease", "text": "D - Glucarates were effective against renal damage induced by peptide antibiotics as well as various aminoglycoside antibitocis .", "entities": [ "renal damage" ] }, { "id": "4678", "type": "disease", "text": "With a D - glucarate of a fixed size of dose , approximately the same degree of protection was obtained against renal damages induced by different basic antibiotics despite large disparities in administration doses of different antibiotics .", "entities": [ "renal damages" ] }, { "id": "4679", "type": "disease", "text": "D - Glucarates had the ability to prevent renal damage but not to cure it .", "entities": [ "renal damage" ] }, { "id": "4680", "type": "disease", "text": "Rats excreted acidic urine when they were spared from renal lesions by monosaccharides .", "entities": [ "renal lesions" ] }, { "id": "4681", "type": "disease", "text": "The reduction effect of D - glucarates against nephrotoxicity of basic antibiotics was discussed .", "entities": [ "nephrotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "4682", "type": "disease", "text": "Acute severe depression following peri - operative ondansetron .", "entities": [ "depression" ] }, { "id": "4683", "type": "disease", "text": "A 41 - year - old woman with a strong history of postoperative nausea and vomiting presented for abdominal hysterectomy 3 months after a previous anaesthetic where ondansetron prophylaxis had been used .", "entities": [ "postoperative nausea and vomiting" ] }, { "id": "4684", "type": "disease", "text": "She had developed a severe acute major depression disorder almost immediately thereafter , possibly related to the use of a serotonin antagonist .", "entities": [ "major depression disorder" ] }, { "id": "4685", "type": "disease", "text": "Nine years before she had experienced a self - limited puerperal depressive episode .", "entities": [ "depressive episode" ] }, { "id": "4686", "type": "disease", "text": "Anaesthesia with a propofol infusion and avoidance of serotonin antagonists provided a nausea - free postoperative course without exacerbation of the depression disorder .", "entities": [ "nausea", "depression disorder" ] }, { "id": "4687", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypertensive response during dobutamine stress echocardiography .", "entities": [ "Hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "4688", "type": "disease", "text": "Among 3 , 129 dobutamine stress echocardiographic studies , a hypertensive response , defined as systolic blood pressure ( BP ) > or = 220 mm Hg and / or diastolic BP > or = 110 mm Hg , occurred in 30 patients ( 1 % ) .", "entities": [ "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "4689", "type": "disease", "text": "Patients with this response more often had a history of hypertension and had higher resting systolic and diastolic BP before dobutamine infusion .", "entities": [ "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "4690", "type": "disease", "text": "Continuously nebulized albuterol in severe exacerbations of asthma in adults : a case - controlled study .", "entities": [ "asthma" ] }, { "id": "4691", "type": "disease", "text": "A retrospective , case - controlled analysis comparing patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit with severe exacerbations of asthma who received continuously nebulized albuterol ( CNA ) versus intermittent albuterol ( INA ) treatments is reported .", "entities": [ "asthma" ] }, { "id": "4692", "type": "disease", "text": "Forty matched pairs of patients with asthma are compared .", "entities": [ "asthma" ] }, { "id": "4694", "type": "disease", "text": "The incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias was similar between groups .", "entities": [ "cardiac dysrhythmias" ] }, { "id": "4695", "type": "disease", "text": "Symptomatic hypokalemia did not occur .", "entities": [ "hypokalemia" ] }, { "id": "4699", "type": "disease", "text": "Paraplegia following intrathecal methotrexate : report of a case and review of the literature .", "entities": [ "Paraplegia" ] }, { "id": "4700", "type": "disease", "text": "A patient who developed paraplegia following the intrathecal instillation of methotrexate is discribed .", "entities": [ "paraplegia" ] }, { "id": "4702", "type": "disease", "text": "The following factors appear to predispose to the development of this complication : abnormal cerebrospinal dynamics related to the presence of central nervous system leukemia , and epidural cerebrospinal leakage ; elevated cerebrospinal fluid methothexate concentration related to abnormal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and to inappropriately high methotrexate doses based on body surface area calculations in older children and adults ; the presence of neurotoxic preservatives in commercially available methotrexate preparations and diluents ; and the use of methotrexate diluents of unphysiologic pH , ionic content and osmolarity .", "entities": [ "central nervous system leukemia", "neurotoxic" ] }, { "id": "4703", "type": "disease", "text": "The role of methotrexate contaminants , local folate deficiency , and cranial irradiation in the pathogenesis of intrathecal methotrexate toxicity is unclear .", "entities": [ "folate deficiency", "toxicity" ] }, { "id": "4704", "type": "disease", "text": "The incidence of neurotoxicity may be reduced by employing lower doses of methotrexate in the presence of central nervous system leukemia , in older children and adults , and in the presence of epidural leakage .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity", "central nervous system leukemia" ] }, { "id": "4706", "type": "disease", "text": "Periodic monitoring of cerebruspinal fluid methotrexate levels may be predictive of the development of serious neurotoxicity .", "entities": [ "neurotoxicity" ] }, { "id": "4707", "type": "disease", "text": "Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma precipitated by lithium - induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus .", "entities": [ "Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma", "nephrogenic diabetes insipidus" ] }, { "id": "4708", "type": "disease", "text": "A 45 - year - old man , with a 10 - year history of manic depression treated with lithium , was admitted with hyperosmolar , nonketotic coma .", "entities": [ "manic depression", "hyperosmolar , nonketotic coma" ] }, { "id": "4709", "type": "disease", "text": "He gave a five - year history of polyuria and polydipsia , during which time urinalysis had been negative for glucose .", "entities": [ "polyuria", "polydipsia" ] }, { "id": "4710", "type": "disease", "text": "After recovery from hyperglycaemia , he remained polyuric despite normal blood glucose concentrations ; water deprivation testing indicated nephrogenic diabetes insipidus , likely to be lithium - induced .", "entities": [ "hyperglycaemia", "polyuric", "nephrogenic diabetes insipidus" ] }, { "id": "4711", "type": "disease", "text": "We hypothesize that when this man developed type 2 diabetes , chronic polyuria due to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was sufficient to precipitate hyperosmolar dehydration .", "entities": [ "type 2 diabetes", "polyuria", "nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "dehydration" ] }, { "id": "4713", "type": "disease", "text": "BACKGROUND : In dogs , a large amount of intravenous cocaine causes a profound deterioration of left ventricular ( LV ) systolic function and an increase in LV end - diastolic pressure .", "entities": [ "deterioration of left ventricular ( LV ) systolic function" ] }, { "id": "4715", "type": "disease", "text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : In 20 patients ( 14 men and 6 women aged 39 to 72 years ) referred for cardiac catheterization for the evaluation of chest pain , we measured heart rate , systemic arterial pressure , LV pressure and its first derivative ( dP / dt ) , and LV volumes and ejection fraction before and during the final 2 to 3 minutes of a 15 - minute intracoronary infusion of saline ( n = 10 , control subjects ) or cocaine hydrochloride 1 mg / min ( n = 10 ) .", "entities": [ "chest pain" ] }, { "id": "4719", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSIONS : In humans , the intracoronary infusion of cocaine sufficient in amount to achieve a high drug concentration in coronary sinus blood causes a deterioration of LV systolic and diastolic performance .", "entities": [ "deterioration of LV systolic and diastolic performance" ] }, { "id": "4725", "type": "disease", "text": "Recorded were dose - limiting adverse events : hyper - or hypotension ( three ) , severe abdominal pain ( 0 ) , vomiting ( 0 ) and retained placenta ( four ) .", "entities": [ "hyper - or hypotension", "abdominal pain", "vomiting", "retained placenta" ] }, { "id": "4726", "type": "disease", "text": "Serious adverse events occurred in seven women : six cases with blood loss > or = 1000 ml , four cases of manual placenta removal , five cases of additional oxytocics administration and five cases of blood transfusion .", "entities": [ "blood loss" ] }, { "id": "4727", "type": "disease", "text": "Maximum blood loss was greatest at the upper and lower dose levels , and lowest in the 70 - 125 microg dose range .", "entities": [ "blood loss" ] }, { "id": "4728", "type": "disease", "text": "Four out of six cases with blood loss > or = 1000 ml occurred in the 200 microg group .", "entities": [ "blood loss" ] }, { "id": "4732", "type": "disease", "text": "Heparin - induced thrombocytopenia , paradoxical thromboembolism , and other side effects of heparin therapy .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia", "thromboembolism" ] }, { "id": "4735", "type": "disease", "text": "Important untoward effects of heparin therapy including heparin - induced thrombocytopenia , heparin - associated osteoporosis , eosinophilia , skin reactions , allergic reactions other than thrombocytopenia and alopecia will be discussed in this article .", "entities": [ "thrombocytopenia", "osteoporosis", "eosinophilia", "skin reactions", "allergic reactions", "thrombocytopenia", "alopecia" ] }, { "id": "4736", "type": "disease", "text": "Nonopaque crystal deposition causing ureteric obstruction in patients with HIV undergoing indinavir therapy .", "entities": [ "ureteric obstruction" ] }, { "id": "4737", "type": "disease", "text": "OBJECTIVE : We describe the unique CT features of ureteric calculi in six HIV - infected patients receiving indinavir , the most commonly used HIV protease inhibitor , which is associated with an increased incidence of urolithiasis .", "entities": [ "ureteric calculi", "HIV - infected", "urolithiasis" ] }, { "id": "4738", "type": "disease", "text": "CONCLUSION : Ureteric obstruction caused by precipitated indinavir crystals may be difficult to diagnose with unenhanced CT .", "entities": [ "Ureteric obstruction" ] }, { "id": "4740", "type": "disease", "text": "Images may need to be obtained using i . v . contrast material to enable diagnosis of ureteric stones or obstruction in patients with HIV infection who receive indinavir therapy .", "entities": [ "ureteric stones or obstruction", "HIV infection" ] }, { "id": "4741", "type": "disease", "text": "Ischemic colitis and sumatriptan use .", "entities": [ "Ischemic colitis" ] }, { "id": "4744", "type": "disease", "text": "Cases have been published of coronary vasospasm , myocardial ischemia , and myocardial infarction occurring after sumatriptan use .", "entities": [ "coronary vasospasm", "myocardial ischemia", "myocardial infarction" ] }, { "id": "4745", "type": "disease", "text": "We report on the development of 8 serious cases of ischemic colitis in patients with migraine treated with sumatriptan .", "entities": [ "ischemic colitis", "migraine" ] }, { "id": "4747", "type": "disease", "text": "51 patients with medically refractory Parkinson ' s disease underwent stereotactic posteromedial pallidotomy between August 1993 and February 1997 for treatment of bradykinesia , rigidity , and L - DOPA - induced dyskinesias .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease", "bradykinesia", "rigidity", "dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "4749", "type": "disease", "text": "Clinical assessment as well as blinded ratings of Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale ( UPDRS ) scores were carried out pre - and postoperatively .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s Disease" ] }, { "id": "4751", "type": "disease", "text": "85 percent of patients with dyskinesias were relieved of symptoms , regardless of whether the pallidotomies were performed with the Gamma Knife or radiofrequency methods .", "entities": [ "dyskinesias" ] }, { "id": "4752", "type": "disease", "text": "About 2 / 3 of the patients in both Gamma Knife and radiofrequency groups showed improvements in bradykinesia and rigidity , although when considered as a group neither the Gamma Knife nor the radiofrequency group showed statistically significant improvements in UPDRS scores .", "entities": [ "bradykinesia", "rigidity" ] }, { "id": "4753", "type": "disease", "text": "One patient in the Gamma Knife group ( 3 . 4 % ) developed a homonymous hemianopsia 9 months following treatment and 5 patients ( 27 . 7 % ) in the radiofrequency group became transiently confused postoperatively .", "entities": [ "homonymous hemianopsia" ] }, { "id": "4755", "type": "disease", "text": "Gamma Knife pallidotomy is as effective as radiofrequency pallidotomy in controlling certain of the symptoms of Parkinson ' s disease .", "entities": [ "Parkinson ' s disease" ] }, { "id": "4756", "type": "disease", "text": "It may be the only practical technique available in certain patients , such as those who take anticoagulants , have bleeding diatheses or serious systemic medical illnesses .", "entities": [ "bleeding" ] }, { "id": "4760", "type": "disease", "text": "This response was significantly reduced by the intravenous ( i . v . ) injection of guanethidine ( 5 mg ) , hexamethonium ( 10 mg ) or phentolamine ( 5 mg ) , and conversely , potentiated by i . v . desmethylimipramine ( 0 . 3 mg ) , while propranolol ( 0 . 5 mg ) i . v . selectively inhibited the enlargement of pulse pressure and the tachycardia following i . c . carbachol ( 1 mug ) .", "entities": [ "enlargement of pulse pressure", "tachycardia" ] }, { "id": "4764", "type": "disease", "text": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and methylphenidate .", "entities": [ "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome" ] }, { "id": "4765", "type": "disease", "text": "A 1 - year - old female presented with neuroleptic malignant syndrome probably caused by methylphenidate .", "entities": [ "neuroleptic malignant syndrome" ] }, { "id": "4766", "type": "disease", "text": "She had defects in the supratentorial brain including the basal ganglia and the striatum ( multicystic encephalomalacia ) due to severe perinatal hypoxic - ischemic encephalopathy , which was considered to be a possible predisposing factor causing neuroleptic malignant syndrome .", "entities": [ "multicystic encephalomalacia", "hypoxic - ischemic encephalopathy", "neuroleptic malignant syndrome" ] }, { "id": "4770", "type": "disease", "text": "This is the first reported patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome probably caused by methylphenidate .", "entities": [ "neuroleptic malignant syndrome" ] }, { "id": "4781", "type": "disease", "text": "This study shows that 17alpha - ethinylestradiol ( EE ) - induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats is associated with selective inhibition of the neutral pathway of bile salt ( BS ) synthesis .", "entities": [ "intrahepatic cholestasis" ] }, { "id": "4783", "type": "disease", "text": "Glibenclamide - sensitive hypotension produced by helodermin assessed in the rat .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4786", "type": "disease", "text": "Helodermin produced hypotension in a dose - dependent manner with approximately similar potency and duration to VIP .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4787", "type": "disease", "text": "Hypotension induced by both peptides was significantly attenuated by glibenclamide , which abolished a levcromakalim - produced decrease in arterial blood pressure .", "entities": [ "Hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4788", "type": "disease", "text": "Oxyhemoglobin did not affect helodermin - induced hypotension , whereas it shortened the duration of acetylcholine ( ACh ) - produced hypotension .", "entities": [ "hypotension", "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4789", "type": "disease", "text": "These findings suggest that helodermin - produced hypotension is partly attributable to the activation of glibenclamide - sensitive K + channels ( K ( ATP ) channels ) , which presumably exist on arterial smooth muscle cells .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4790", "type": "disease", "text": "EDRF ( endothelium - derived relaxing factor ) / nitric oxide does not seem to play an important role in the peptide - produced hypotension .", "entities": [ "hypotension" ] }, { "id": "4791", "type": "disease", "text": "Long - term efficacy and adverse event of nifedipine sustained - release tablets for cyclosporin A - induced hypertension in patients with psoriasis .", "entities": [ "hypertension", "psoriasis" ] }, { "id": "4792", "type": "disease", "text": "Thirteen psoriatic patients with hypertension during the course of cyclosporin A therapy were treated for 25 months with a calcium channel blocker , sustained - release nifedipine , to study the clinical antihypertensive effects and adverse events during treatment with both drugs .", "entities": [ "psoriatic", "hypertension" ] }, { "id": "4793", "type": "disease", "text": "Seven of the 13 patients had exhibited a subclinical hypertensive state before cyclosporin A therapy .", "entities": [ "hypertensive" ] }, { "id": "4795", "type": "disease", "text": "The adverse events during combined therapy with cyclosporin A and nifedipine included an increase in blood urea nitrogen levels in 9 of the 13 patients and development of gingival hyperplasia in 2 of the 13 patients .", "entities": [ "gingival hyperplasia" ] }, { "id": "4796", "type": "disease", "text": "Our findings indicate that sustained - release nifedipine is useful for hypertensive psoriatic patients under long - term treatment with cyclosporin A , but that these patients should be monitored for gingival hyperplasia .", "entities": [ "psoriatic", "gingival hyperplasia" ] } ]