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Theorems that help decompose a finite group based on prime factors of its order In mathematics, specifically in the field of finite group theory, the Sylow theorems are a collection of theorems named after the Norwegian mathematician Peter Ludwig Sylow that give detailed information about the number of subgroups of fix...
27233
abstract_algebra
Group of even permutations of a finite set In mathematics, an alternating group is the group of even permutations of a finite set. The alternating group on a set of n elements is called the alternating group of degree n, or the alternating group on n letters and denoted by A"n" or Alt("n"). Basic properties. For "n" &g...
25195
abstract_algebra
Type of group in abstract algebra In abstract algebra, the symmetric group defined over any set is the group whose elements are all the bijections from the set to itself, and whose group operation is the composition of functions. In particular, the finite symmetric group $\mathrm{S}_n$ defined over a finite set of $n$ ...
14315
abstract_algebra
Cardinality of a mathematical group, or of the subgroup generated by an element In mathematics, the order of a finite group is the number of its elements. If a group is not finite, one says that its order is "infinite". The "order" of an element of a group (also called period length or period) is the order of the subgr...
199412
abstract_algebra
In group theory, a branch of mathematics, the automorphisms and outer automorphisms of the symmetric groups and alternating groups are both standard examples of these automorphisms, and objects of study in their own right, particularly the exceptional outer automorphism of S6, the symmetric group on 6 elements. Formall...
1836466
abstract_algebra
Group in which the order of every element is a power of p In mathematics, specifically group theory, given a prime number "p", a "p"-group is a group in which the order of every element is a power of "p". That is, for each element "g" of a "p"-group "G", there exists a nonnegative integer "n" such that the product of "...
12162
abstract_algebra
Mathematical group that can be generated as the set of powers of a single element In group theory, a branch of abstract algebra in pure mathematics, a cyclic group or monogenous group is a group, denoted C"n", that is generated by a single element. That is, it is a set of invertible elements with a single associative b...
26391
abstract_algebra
The order of a subgroup of a finite group G divides the order of G In the mathematical field of group theory, Lagrange's theorem is a theorem that states that for any finite group G, the order (number of elements) of every subgroup of G divides the order of G. The theorem is named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange. The follo...
15371
abstract_algebra
Representation of groups by permutations In group theory, Cayley's theorem, named in honour of Arthur Cayley, states that every group G is isomorphic to a subgroup of a symmetric group. More specifically, G is isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group $\operatorname{Sym}(G)$ whose elements are the permutations o...
50326
abstract_algebra
Group that can be constructed from abelian groups using extensions In mathematics, more specifically in the field of group theory, a solvable group or soluble group is a group that can be constructed from abelian groups using extensions. Equivalently, a solvable group is a group whose derived series terminates in the t...
49669
abstract_algebra
Commutative group where every element is the sum of elements from one finite subset In abstract algebra, an abelian group $(G,+)$ is called finitely generated if there exist finitely many elements $x_1,\dots,x_s$ in $G$ such that every $x$ in $G$ can be written in the form $x = n_1x_1 + n_2x_2 + \cdots + n_sx_s$ for so...
29251
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, two Prüfer theorems, named after Heinz Prüfer, describe the structure of certain infinite abelian groups. They have been generalized by L. Ya. Kulikov. Statement. Let "A" be an abelian group. If "A" is finitely generated then by the fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups, "A" is decomp...
3117305
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a quasinormal subgroup, or permutable subgroup, is a subgroup of a group that commutes (permutes) with every other subgroup with respect to the product of subgroups. The term "quasinormal subgroup" was introduced by Øystein Ore in 1937. Two subgroups are said to permute (or...
667154
abstract_algebra
Existence of group elements of prime order In mathematics, specifically group theory, Cauchy's theorem states that if G is a finite group and p is a prime number dividing the order of G (the number of elements in G), then G contains an element of order p. That is, there is x in G such that p is the smallest positive in...
677473
abstract_algebra
In abstract algebra, the focal subgroup theorem describes the fusion of elements in a Sylow subgroup of a finite group. The focal subgroup theorem was introduced in and is the "first major application of the transfer" according to . The focal subgroup theorem relates the ideas of transfer and fusion such as described i...
2947865
abstract_algebra
Classification theorem in group theory In mathematics, the Feit–Thompson theorem, or odd order theorem, states that every finite group of odd order is solvable. It was proved by Walter Feit and John Griggs Thompson (1962, 1963). History. The contrast that these results show between groups of odd and even order suggest...
461822
abstract_algebra
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Mathieu group "M22" is a sporadic simple group of order    27 · 32 · 5 · 7 · 11 = 443520 ≈ 4×105. History and properties. "M22" is one of the 26 sporadic groups and was introduced by Mathieu (1861, 1873). It is a 3-fold transitive permutation group on 22 objects...
1961349
abstract_algebra
Group of units of the ring of integers modulo n In modular arithmetic, the integers coprime (relatively prime) to "n" from the set $\{0,1,\dots,n-1\}$ of "n" non-negative integers form a group under multiplication modulo "n", called the multiplicative group of integers modulo "n". Equivalently, the elements of this gro...
367647
abstract_algebra
Subgroup mapped to itself under every automorphism of the parent group In mathematics, particularly in the area of abstract algebra known as group theory, a characteristic subgroup is a subgroup that is mapped to itself by every automorphism of the parent group. Because every conjugation map is an inner automorphism, e...
3273
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, specifically in ring theory, the simple modules over a ring "R" are the (left or right) modules over "R" that are non-zero and have no non-zero proper submodules. Equivalently, a module "M" is simple if and only if every cyclic submodule generated by a non-zero element of "M" equals "M". Simple modules ...
14594
abstract_algebra
Mathematical group based upon a finite number of elements In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite. Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations. Importa...
145666
abstract_algebra
In group theory, a dicyclic group (notation Dic"n" or Q4"n", ⟨"n",2,2⟩) is a particular kind of non-abelian group of order 4"n" ("n" > 1). It is an extension of the cyclic group of order 2 by a cyclic group of order 2"n", giving the name "di-cyclic". In the notation of exact sequences of groups, this extension can b...
89027
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the Prüfer "p"-group or the p"-quasicyclic group or p"∞-group, Z("p"∞), for a prime number "p" is the unique "p"-group in which every element has "p" different "p"-th roots. The Prüfer "p"-groups are countable abelian groups that are important in the classification of infi...
964929
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, a Frobenius group is a transitive permutation group on a finite set, such that no non-trivial element fixes more than one point and some non-trivial element fixes a point. They are named after F. G. Frobenius. Structure. Suppose "G" is a Frobenius group consisting of permutations of a set "X". A subgro...
473711
abstract_algebra
Automorphism group of the Klein quartic In mathematics, the projective special linear group PSL(2, 7), isomorphic to GL(3, 2), is a finite simple group that has important applications in algebra, geometry, and number theory. It is the automorphism group of the Klein quartic as well as the symmetry group of the Fano pla...
166097
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, or more specifically group theory, the omega and agemo subgroups described the so-called "power structure" of a finite "p"-group. They were introduced in where they were used to describe a class of finite "p"-groups whose structure was sufficiently similar to that of finite abelian "p"-groups, the so-ca...
2672467
abstract_algebra
In mathematical group theory, the Thompson replacement theorem is a theorem about the existence of certain abelian subgroups of a "p"-group. The Glauberman replacement theorem is a generalization of it introduced by Glauberman (1968, Theorem 4.1). Statement. Suppose that "P" is a finite "p"-group for some prime "p", an...
4677197
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, a class formation is a topological group acting on a module satisfying certain conditions. Class formations were introduced by Emil Artin and John Tate to organize the various Galois groups and modules that appear in class field theory. Definitions. A formation is a topological group "G" together with a...
1104345
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, the O'Nan–Scott theorem is one of the most influential theorems of permutation group theory; the classification of finite simple groups is what makes it so useful. Originally the theorem was about maximal subgroups of the symmetric group. It appeared as an appendix to a paper by Leonard Scott written fo...
4128190
abstract_algebra
Mathematics group theory concept In mathematics, specifically group theory, the index of a subgroup "H" in a group "G" is the number of left cosets of "H" in "G", or equivalently, the number of right cosets of "H" in "G". The index is denoted $|G:H|$ or $[G:H]$ or $(G:H)$. Because "G" is the disjoint union of the left...
116973
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, the height of an element "g" of an abelian group "A" is an invariant that captures its divisibility properties: it is the largest natural number "N" such that the equation "Nx" = "g" has a solution "x" ∈ "A", or the symbol ∞ if there is no such "N". The "p"-height considers only divisibility properties ...
3117425
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, Clifford theory, introduced by , describes the relation between representations of a group and those of a normal subgroup. Alfred H. Clifford. Alfred H. Clifford proved the following result on the restriction of finite-dimensional irreducible representations from a group "G" to a normal subgroup "N" of ...
953329
abstract_algebra
In mathematical finite group theory, the concept of regular "p"-group captures some of the more important properties of abelian "p"-groups, but is general enough to include most "small" "p"-groups. Regular "p"-groups were introduced by Phillip Hall (1934). Definition. A finite "p"-group "G" is said to be regular if any...
1984090
abstract_algebra
Algebraic structure In mathematics, a finite field or Galois field (so-named in honor of Évariste Galois) is a field that contains a finite number of elements. As with any field, a finite field is a set on which the operations of multiplication, addition, subtraction and division are defined and satisfy certain basic r...
5508
abstract_algebra
Mathematical statement of uniqueness, except for an equivalent structure (equivalence relation)Two mathematical objects a and b are called "equal up to an equivalence relation R" This figure of speech is mostly used in connection with expressions derived from equality, such as uniqueness or count. For example, "x is un...
22982
abstract_algebra
Five sporadic simple groups In group theory, a topic in abstract algebra, the Mathieu groups are the five sporadic simple groups "M"11, "M"12, "M"22, "M"23 and "M"24 introduced by Mathieu (1861, 1873). They are multiply transitive permutation groups on 11, 12, 22, 23 or 24 objects. They are the first sporadic groups to...
163223
abstract_algebra
Theorem in group theory The Schur–Zassenhaus theorem is a theorem in group theory which states that if $G$ is a finite group, and $N$ is a normal subgroup whose order is coprime to the order of the quotient group $G/N$, then $G$ is a semidirect product (or split extension) of $N$ and $G/N$. An alternative statement of ...
1319611
abstract_algebra
In group theory, a subfield of abstract algebra, a group cycle graph illustrates the various cycles of a group and is particularly useful in visualizing the structure of small finite groups. A cycle is the set of powers of a given group element "a", where "an", the "n"-th power of an element "a" is defined as the prod...
466450
abstract_algebra
3D symmetry group A regular tetrahedron has 12 rotational (or orientation-preserving) symmetries, and a symmetry order of 24 including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation. The group of all (not necessarily orientation preserving) symmetries is isomorphic to the group S4, the symmetric group of perm...
689115
abstract_algebra
Concept in abstract algebra In group theory, a branch of abstract algebra, extraspecial groups are analogues of the Heisenberg group over finite fields whose size is a prime. For each prime "p" and positive integer "n" there are exactly two (up to isomorphism) extraspecial groups of order "p"1+2"n". Extraspecial groups...
1210564
abstract_algebra
Group of symmetries of an n-dimensional hypercube In mathematics, a hyperoctahedral group is an important type of group that can be realized as the group of symmetries of a hypercube or of a cross-polytope. It was named by Alfred Young in 1930. Groups of this type are identified by a parameter n, the dimension of the h...
2798556
abstract_algebra
Mathematical Tool in Group Theory Named after the 19th century British mathematician Arthur Cayley, a Cayley table describes the structure of a finite group by arranging all the possible products of all the group's elements in a square table reminiscent of an addition or multiplication table. Many properties of a group...
490452
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, the binary tetrahedral group, denoted 2T or ⟨2,3,3⟩, is a certain nonabelian group of order 24. It is an extension of the tetrahedral group T or (2,3,3) of order 12 by a cyclic group of order 2, and is the preimage of the tetrahedral group under the 2:1 covering homomorphism Spin(3) → SO(3) of the speci...
1557508
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, and more specifically in homological algebra, the splitting lemma states that in any abelian category, the following statements are equivalent for a short exact sequence $0 \longrightarrow A \mathrel{\overset{q}{\longrightarrow}} B \mathrel{\overset{r}{\longrightarrow}} C \longrightarrow 0.$ If any of...
80160
abstract_algebra
Algebraic-group factorisation algorithms are algorithms for factoring an integer "N" by working in an algebraic group defined modulo "N" whose group structure is the direct sum of the 'reduced groups' obtained by performing the equations defining the group arithmetic modulo the unknown prime factors "p"1, "p"2, ... By ...
1902874
abstract_algebra
Type of classification in algebra In abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics, an Archimedean group is a linearly ordered group for which the Archimedean property holds: every two positive group elements are bounded by integer multiples of each other. The set R of real numbers together with the operation of addition a...
128698
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, the binary octahedral group, name as 2O or ⟨2,3,4⟩ is a certain nonabelian group of order 48. It is an extension of the chiral octahedral group "O" or (2,3,4) of order 24 by a cyclic group of order 2, and is the preimage of the octahedral group under the 2:1 covering homomorphism $\operatorname{Spin}(3)...
1557510
abstract_algebra
Mathematical abelian group In mathematics, the Klein four-group is an abelian group with four elements, in which each element is self-inverse (composing it with itself produces the identity) and in which composing any two of the three non-identity elements produces the third one. It can be described as the symmetry gro...
21489
abstract_algebra
Every subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic, and if finite, its order divides its parent's In abstract algebra, every subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic. Moreover, for a finite cyclic group of order "n", every subgroup's order is a divisor of "n", and there is exactly one subgroup for each divisor. This result has bee...
1541864
abstract_algebra
In mathematical finite group theory, the Thompson transitivity theorem gives conditions under which the centralizer of an abelian subgroup "A" acts transitively on certain subgroups normalized by "A". It originated in the proof of the odd order theorem by Feit and Thompson (1963), where it was used to prove the Thompso...
3761379
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, the Walter theorem, proved by John H. Walter (1967, 1969), describes the finite groups whose Sylow 2-subgroup is abelian. used Bender's method to give a simpler proof. Statement. Walter's theorem states that if "G" is a finite group whose 2-sylow subgroups are abelian, then "G"/"O"("G") has a normal sub...
3256934
abstract_algebra
Mathematic group theory In mathematics, Burnside's theorem in group theory states that if "G" is a finite group of order $p^a q^b$ where "p" and "q" are prime numbers, and "a" and "b" are non-negative integers, then "G" is solvable. Hence each non-Abelian finite simple group has order divisible by at least three distin...
512355
abstract_algebra
Group that has an upper central series terminating with G In mathematics, specifically group theory, a nilpotent group "G" is a group that has an upper central series that terminates with "G". Equivalently, its central series is of finite length or its lower central series terminates with {1}. Intuitively, a nilpotent ...
84093
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the direct product is an operation that takes two groups "G" and "H" and constructs a new group, usually denoted "G" × "H". This operation is the group-theoretic analogue of the Cartesian product of sets and is one of several important notions of direct product in mathemati...
812041
abstract_algebra
Subgroup of an abelian group consisting of all elements of finite order In the theory of abelian groups, the torsion subgroup "AT" of an abelian group "A" is the subgroup of "A" consisting of all elements that have finite order (the torsion elements of "A"). An abelian group "A" is called a torsion group (or periodic g...
83853
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, a locally compact group is a topological group "G" for which the underlying topology is locally compact and Hausdorff. Locally compact groups are important because many examples of groups that arise throughout mathematics are locally compact and such groups have a natural measure called the Haar measure...
460810
abstract_algebra
A group is a set together with an associative operation which admits an identity element and such that every element has an inverse. Throughout the article, we use $e$ to denote the identity element of a group. * !$@ * See also* References Basic definitions. Subgroup. A subset $H$ of a group $(G, *)$ which remains a ...
123200
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, the quasi-dihedral groups, also called semi-dihedral groups, are certain non-abelian groups of order a power of 2. For every positive integer "n" greater than or equal to 4, there are exactly four isomorphism classes of non-abelian groups of order 2"n" which have a cyclic subgroup of index 2. Two are we...
333757
abstract_algebra
In mathematical group theory, Frobenius's theorem states that if "n" divides the order of a finite group "G", then the number of solutions of "x""n" = 1 is a multiple of "n". It was introduced by Frobenius (1903). Statement. A more general version of Frobenius's theorem states that if "C" is a conjugacy class with "h" ...
4802593
abstract_algebra
Subset of a group that forms a group itself In group theory, a branch of mathematics, given a group "G" under a binary operation ∗, a subset "H" of "G" is called a subgroup of "G" if "H" also forms a group under the operation ∗. More precisely, "H" is a subgroup of "G" if the restriction of ∗ to "H" × "H" is a group op...
13862
abstract_algebra
In group theory, a field of mathematics, a double coset is a collection of group elements which are equivalent under the symmetries coming from two subgroups. More precisely, let "G" be a group, and let "H" and "K" be subgroups. Let "H" act on "G" by left multiplication and let "K" act on "G" by right multiplication. F...
317574
abstract_algebra
Theorem that every subgroup of a free group is itself free In group theory, a branch of mathematics, the Nielsen–Schreier theorem states that every subgroup of a free group is itself free. It is named after Jakob Nielsen and Otto Schreier. Statement of the theorem. A free group may be defined from a group presentation ...
2228143
abstract_algebra
Disjoint, equal-size subsets of a group's underlying set In mathematics, specifically group theory, a subgroup H of a group G may be used to decompose the underlying set of G into disjoint, equal-size subsets called cosets. There are "left cosets" and "right cosets". Cosets (both left and right) have the same number of...
47025
abstract_algebra
Commutative group (mathematics) In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the ...
1266
abstract_algebra
Factorization algorithm In number theory, the general number field sieve (GNFS) is the most efficient classical algorithm known for factoring integers larger than 10100. Heuristically, its complexity for factoring an integer n (consisting of bits) is of the form $\exp\left(\left((64/9)^{1/3}+o(1)\right)\left(\log n\rig...
88079
abstract_algebra
Mathematical group In mathematics, the outer automorphism group of a group, G, is the quotient, Aut("G") / Inn("G"), where Aut("G") is the automorphism group of G and Inn("G") is the subgroup consisting of inner automorphisms. The outer automorphism group is usually denoted Out("G"). If Out("G") is trivial and G has a ...
237359
abstract_algebra
Nonabelian group of order 120 In mathematics, the binary icosahedral group 2"I" or ⟨2,3,5⟩ is a certain nonabelian group of order 120. It is an extension of the icosahedral group "I" or (2,3,5) of order 60 by the cyclic group of order 2, and is the preimage of the icosahedral group under the 2:1 covering homomorphism $...
736269
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, the Burnside ring of a finite group is an algebraic construction that encodes the different ways the group can act on finite sets. The ideas were introduced by William Burnside at the end of the nineteenth century. The algebraic ring structure is a more recent development, due to Solomon (1967). Formal ...
970531
abstract_algebra
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Mathieu group "M12" is a sporadic simple group of order    12 · 11 · 10 · 9 · 8 = 26 · 33 · 5 · 11 = 95040. History and properties. "M12" is one of the 26 sporadic groups and was introduced by Mathieu (1861, 1873). It is a sharply 5-transitive permutation group o...
1961348
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, especially in the area of algebra known as group theory, the holomorph of a group is a group that simultaneously contains (copies of) the group and its automorphism group. The holomorph provides interesting examples of groups, and allows one to treat group elements and group automorphisms in a uniform c...
678049
abstract_algebra
In computational number theory, the index calculus algorithm is a probabilistic algorithm for computing discrete logarithms. Dedicated to the discrete logarithm in $(\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z})^*$ where $q$ is a prime, index calculus leads to a family of algorithms adapted to finite fields and to some families of elliptic ...
439747
abstract_algebra
In finite group theory, Jordan's theorem states that if a primitive permutation group "G" is a subgroup of the symmetric group "S""n" and contains a "p"-cycle for some prime number "p" < "n" − 2, then "G" is either the whole symmetric group "S""n" or the alternating group "A""n". It was first proved by Camille Jorda...
3508255
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a class automorphism is an automorphism of a group that sends each element to within its conjugacy class. The class automorphisms form a subgroup of the automorphism group. Some facts: For infinite groups, an example of a class automorphism that is not inner is the followin...
1051878
abstract_algebra
Operation in group theory In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the concept of a semidirect product is a generalization of a direct product. There are two closely related concepts of semidirect product: As with direct products, there is a natural equivalence between inner and outer semidirect products, and bot...
24540
abstract_algebra
Mathematical connection between field theory and group theory In mathematics, Galois theory, originally introduced by Évariste Galois, provides a connection between field theory and group theory. This connection, the fundamental theorem of Galois theory, allows reducing certain problems in field theory to group theory,...
30755
abstract_algebra
Alternative mathematical ordering In mathematics, a cyclic order is a way to arrange a set of objects in a circle.[nb] Unlike most structures in order theory, a cyclic order is not modeled as a binary relation, such as ""a" < "b"". One does not say that east is "more clockwise" than west. Instead, a cyclic order is ...
180909
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, and in particular in combinatorics, the combinatorial number system of degree "k" (for some positive integer "k"), also referred to as combinadics, or the Macaulay representation of an integer, is a correspondence between natural numbers (taken to include 0) "N" and "k"-combinations. The combinations ar...
348399
abstract_algebra
Method of graph decomposition In graph theory, a bramble for an undirected graph G is a family of connected subgraphs of G that all touch each other: for every pair of disjoint subgraphs, there must exist an edge in G that has one endpoint in each subgraph. The "order" of a bramble is the smallest size of a hitting set...
3829452
abstract_algebra
Non-abelian group of order eight In group theory, the quaternion group Q8 (sometimes just denoted by Q) is a non-abelian group of order eight, isomorphic to the eight-element subset $\{1,i,j,k,-1,-i,-j,-k\}$ of the quaternions under multiplication. It is given by the group presentation $\mathrm{Q}_8 = \langle \bar{e},i...
88260
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, specifically group theory, a Hall subgroup of a finite group "G" is a subgroup whose order is coprime to its index. They were introduced by the group theorist Philip Hall (1928). Definitions. A Hall divisor (also called a unitary divisor) of an integer "n" is a divisor "d" of "n" such that "d" and "n"/"...
477233
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, specifically group theory, the free product is an operation that takes two groups "G" and "H" and constructs a new group "G" ∗ "H". The result contains both "G" and "H" as subgroups, is generated by the elements of these subgroups, and is the “universal” group having these properties, in the sense that ...
157431
abstract_algebra
Studies linear representations of finite groups over a field K of positive characteristic p Modular representation theory is a branch of mathematics, and is the part of representation theory that studies linear representations of finite groups over a field "K" of positive characteristic "p", necessarily a prime number....
347813
abstract_algebra
Problem a computer might be able to solve In theoretical computer science, a computational problem is a problem that may be solved by an algorithm. For example, the problem of factoring "Given a positive integer "n", find a nontrivial prime factor of "n"." is a computational problem. A computational problem can be vie...
930672
abstract_algebra
Algorithm for integer factorization The Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization or the elliptic-curve factorization method (ECM) is a fast, sub-exponential running time, algorithm for integer factorization, which employs elliptic curves. For general-purpose factoring, ECM is the third-fastest known factoring method. The s...
88699
abstract_algebra
Unsolved problem in mathematics: Is every finite group the Galois group of a Galois extension of the rational numbers? In Galois theory, the inverse Galois problem concerns whether or not every finite group appears as the Galois group of some Galois extension of the rational numbers $\mathbb{Q}$. This problem, first p...
263714
abstract_algebra
Block design in combinatorial mathematics In combinatorial mathematics, a Steiner system (named after Jakob Steiner) is a type of block design, specifically a with λ = 1 and "t" = 2 or (recently) "t" ≥ 2. A Steiner system with parameters "t", "k", "n", written S("t","k","n"), is an "n"-element set "S" together with a s...
13865
abstract_algebra
In graph theory, the degree diameter problem is the problem of finding the largest possible graph for a given maximum degree and diameter. The Moore bound sets limits on this, but for many years mathematicians in the field have been interested in a more precise answer. The table below gives current progress on this pro...
2362270
abstract_algebra
In abstract algebra, a composition series provides a way to break up an algebraic structure, such as a group or a module, into simple pieces. The need for considering composition series in the context of modules arises from the fact that many naturally occurring modules are not semisimple, hence cannot be decomposed in...
136992
abstract_algebra
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, a 3-dimensional matching is a generalization of bipartite matching (also known as 2-dimensional matching) to 3-partite hypergraphs, which consist of hyperedges each of which contains 3 vertices (instead of edges containing 2 vertices in a usual graph). 3-dimensional match...
2598868
abstract_algebra
The problem of inverting exponentiation in finite groups In mathematics, for given real numbers "a" and "b", the logarithm log"b" "a" is a number "x" such that "b""x" = "a". Analogously, in any group "G", powers "b""k" can be defined for all integers "k", and the discrete logarithm log"b" "a" is an integer "k" such tha...
99905
abstract_algebra
Permutation group that preserves no non-trivial partition In mathematics, a permutation group "G" acting on a non-empty finite set "X" is called primitive if "G" acts transitively on "X" and the only partitions the "G"-action preserves are the trivial partitions into either a single set or into |"X"| singleton sets. Ot...
662598
abstract_algebra
In mathematics, the ping-pong lemma, or table-tennis lemma, is any of several mathematical statements that ensure that several elements in a group acting on a set freely generates a free subgroup of that group. History. The ping-pong argument goes back to the late 19th century and is commonly attributed to Felix Klein ...
2274857
abstract_algebra
Fundamental result in the branch of mathematics known as character theory Brauer's theorem on induced characters, often known as Brauer's induction theorem, and named after Richard Brauer, is a basic result in the branch of mathematics known as character theory, within representation theory of a finite group. Backgroun...
713702
abstract_algebra
Non-commutative group with 6 elements In mathematics, D3 (sometimes alternatively denoted by D6) is the dihedral group of degree 3 and order 6. It equals the symmetric group S3. It is also the smallest non-abelian group. This page illustrates many group concepts using this group as example. Symmetry groups. The dihedra...
599449
abstract_algebra
The following list in mathematics contains the finite groups of small order up to group isomorphism. Counts. For "n" = 1, 2, … the number of nonisomorphic groups of order "n" is 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 5, 2, 2, 1, 5, 1, 2, 1, 14, 1, 5, 1, 5, ... (sequence in the OEIS) For labeled groups, see OEIS: . Glossary. Each group ...
24355
abstract_algebra
Zero divisors in a module In mathematics, specifically in ring theory, a torsion element is an element of a module that yields zero when multiplied by some non-zero-divisor of the ring. The torsion submodule of a module is the submodule formed by the torsion elements. A torsion module is a module that equals its torsio...
711423
abstract_algebra
Mathematical group with trivial abelianization In mathematics, more specifically in group theory, a group is said to be perfect if it equals its own commutator subgroup, or equivalently, if the group has no non-trivial abelian quotients (equivalently, its abelianization, which is the universal abelian quotient, is triv...
224545
abstract_algebra
Math theorem in the field of representation theory Itô's theorem is a result in the mathematical discipline of representation theory due to Noboru Itô. It generalizes the well-known result that the dimension of an irreducible representation of a group must divide the order of that group. Statement. Given an irreducible...
2404482
abstract_algebra
In mathematics and in particular in combinatorics, the Lehmer code is a particular way to encode each possible permutation of a sequence of "n" numbers. It is an instance of a scheme for numbering permutations and is an example of an inversion table. The Lehmer code is named in reference to Derrick Henry Lehmer, but th...
2958741
abstract_algebra
Mathematical theorem In mathematics, the Krull–Schmidt theorem states that a group subjected to certain finiteness conditions on chains of subgroups, can be uniquely written as a finite direct product of indecomposable subgroups. Definitions. We say that a group "G" satisfies the ascending chain condition (ACC) on subg...
2483140
abstract_algebra