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Home
Dynamic Coalition on Blockchain Assurance and Standardization (DC-BAS)
Introduction
This Dynamic Coalition is committed to advancing standards and best practices that foster a secure and trustworthy internet ecosystem. As part of this mission, it contributes to the development of industry standards & frameworks such as the
Blockchain Maturity Model (BMM)
and its corresponding
family of standards
, which support the assurance and standardization of blockchain technologies.
In addition,
DC
-BAS promotes the adoption of high-trust solutions by showcasing those that have earned recognized industry certifications and ratings, establishing a benchmark for reliability and excellence. The solutions listed below have been independently reviewed against globally accepted criteria for trustworthiness and reliability.
·
BMM Assessment Results
The
DC
-BAS is hosted by the
Government Blockchain Association (GBA)
, a non-profit organization with members that work in
over 500 government offices around the world
. The GBA has
over 50 working groups
supporting the use of blockchain technology to solve public sector needs and challenges. Its mission is to “Help the public and private sector connect, communicate, and collaborate by using blockchain and emerging technologies to improve public services.”
For more information visit the
GBA Blockchain Assurance & Standardization
webpage.
Action Plan
Please visit the
DC-BAS Website
for the current action plan.
Mailing List
Join the Google Group to receive information about activities and ways to get involved, Subscribe to the mailing list at
https://groups.google.com/g/dc-blockchain_assurance_and_standardization
.
To become actively involved join the
DC
-BAS by completing the
DC-BAS-Registration Form
.
Stakeholders
This group includes hundreds of members and extends an open invitation to people affiliated with:
·
Legislative bodies
·
Government administration
·
Private sector startups, companies and enterprises
·
Schools, colleges & universities
·
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
Documents/Reports
Annual Report 2025
Please visit the
DC-BAS Resources Page
for all documents and reports published by this group.
Website
https://gbaglobal.org/igf-dc-bas
Contacts
Email:
IGF
-BAS [at] GBAglobal.org
Dino Cataldo Dell'Accio – dellaccio[at]un.org
Gerard Dache – gerard.dache[at]gbaglobal.org
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RFC 1591: Domain Name System Structure and Delegation | RFC Editor
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RFC
1591
:
Domain Name System Structure and Delegation
J. Postel
Informational
Network Working Group J. Postel
Request for Comments: 1591 ISI
Category: Informational March 1994
Domain Name System Structure and Delegation
Status of this Memo

This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
this memo is unlimited.
1
. Introduction
This memo provides some information on the structure of the names in
the Domain Name System (DNS), specifically the top-level domain
names; and on the administration of domains. The Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority (IANA) is the overall authority for the IP
Addresses, the Domain Names, and many other parameters, used in the
Internet. The day-to-day responsibility for the assignment of IP
Addresses, Autonomous System Numbers, and most top and second level
Domain Names are handled by the Internet Registry (IR) and regional
registries.
2
. The Top Level Structure of the Domain Names
In the Domain Name System (DNS) naming of computers there is a
hierarchy of names. The root of system is unnamed. There are a set
of what are called "top-level domain names" (TLDs). These are the
generic TLDs (EDU, COM, NET, ORG, GOV, MIL, and INT), and the two
letter country codes from ISO-3166. It is extremely unlikely that
any other TLDs will be created.

Under each TLD may be created a hierarchy of names. Generally, under
the generic TLDs the structure is very flat. That is, many
organizations are registered directly under the TLD, and any further
structure is up to the individual organizations.

In the country TLDs, there is a wide variation in the structure, in
some countries the structure is very flat, in others there is
substantial structural organization. In some country domains the
second levels are generic categories (such as, AC, CO, GO, and RE),
in others they are based on political geography, and in still others,
organization names are listed directly under the country code. The
organization for the US country domain is described in
RFC 1480
[
1
].
Postel [Page 1]
RFC 1591
Domain Name System Structure and Delegation March 1994
Each of the generic TLDs was created for a general category of
organizations. The country code domains (for example, FR, NL, KR,
US) are each organized by an administrator for that country. These
administrators may further delegate the management of portions of the
naming tree. These administrators are performing a public service on
behalf of the Internet community. Descriptions of the generic
domains and the US country domain follow.

Of these generic domains, five are international in nature, and two
are restricted to use by entities in the United States.

World Wide Generic Domains:

COM - This domain is intended for commercial entities, that is
companies. This domain has grown very large and there is
concern about the administrative load and system performance if
the current growth pattern is continued. Consideration is
being taken to subdivide the COM domain and only allow future
commercial registrations in the subdomains.

EDU - This domain was originally intended for all educational
institutions. Many Universities, colleges, schools,
educational service organizations, and educational consortia
have registered here. More recently a decision has been taken
to limit further registrations to 4 year colleges and
universities. Schools and 2-year colleges will be registered
in the country domains (see US Domain, especially K12 and CC,
below).

NET - This domain is intended to hold only the computers of network
providers, that is the NIC and NOC computers, the
administrative computers, and the network node computers. The
customers of the network provider would have domain names of
their own (not in the NET TLD).

ORG - This domain is intended as the miscellaneous TLD for
organizations that didn't fit anywhere else. Some non-
government organizations may fit here.

INT - This domain is for organizations established by international
treaties, or international databases.

United States Only Generic Domains:

GOV - This domain was originally intended for any kind of government
office or agency. More recently a decision was taken to
register only agencies of the US Federal government in this
domain. State and local agencies are registered in the country
Postel [Page 2]
RFC 1591
Domain Name System Structure and Delegation March 1994
domains (see US Domain, below).

MIL - This domain is used by the US military.

Example country code Domain:

US - As an example of a country domain, the US domain provides for
the registration of all kinds of entities in the United States
on the basis of political geography, that is, a hierarchy of
<entity-name>.<locality>.<state-code>.US. For example,
"IBM.Armonk.NY.US". In addition, branches of the US domain are
provided within each state for schools (K12), community colleges
(CC), technical schools (TEC), state government agencies
(STATE), councils of governments (COG),libraries (LIB), museums
(MUS), and several other generic types of entities (see
RFC 1480
for details [
1
]).

To find a contact for a TLD use the "whois" program to access the
database on the host rs.internic.net. Append "-dom" to the name of
TLD you are interested in. For example:

whois -h rs.internic.net us-dom
or
whois -h rs.internic.net edu-dom
3
. The Administration of Delegated Domains
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for the
overall coordination and management of the Domain Name System (DNS),
and especially the delegation of portions of the name space called
top-level domains. Most of these top-level domains are two-letter
country codes taken from the ISO standard 3166.

A central Internet Registry (IR) has been selected and designated to
handled the bulk of the day-to-day administration of the Domain Name
System. Applications for new top-level domains (for example, country
code domains) are handled by the IR with consultation with the IANA.
The central IR is INTERNIC.NET. Second level domains in COM, EDU,
ORG, NET, and GOV are registered by the Internet Registry at the
InterNIC. The second level domains in the MIL are registered by the
DDN registry at NIC.DDN.MIL. Second level names in INT are
registered by the PVM at ISI.EDU.

While all requests for new top-level domains must be sent to the
Internic (at hostmaster@internic.net), the regional registries are
often enlisted to assist in the administration of the DNS, especially
in solving problems with a country administration. Currently, the
RIPE NCC is the regional registry for Europe and the APNIC is the
Postel [Page 3]
RFC 1591
Domain Name System Structure and Delegation March 1994
regional registry for the Asia-Pacific region, while the INTERNIC
administers the North America region, and all the as yet undelegated
regions.

The contact mailboxes for these regional registries are:

INTERNIC hostmaster@internic.net
APNIC hostmaster@apnic.net
RIPE NCC ncc@ripe.net

The policy concerns involved when a new top-level domain is
established are described in the following. Also mentioned are
concerns raised when it is necessary to change the delegation of an
established domain from one party to another.

A new top-level domain is usually created and its management
delegated to a "designated manager" all at once.

Most of these same concerns are relevant when a sub-domain is
delegated and in general the principles described here apply
recursively to all delegations of the Internet DNS name space.

The major concern in selecting a designated manager for a domain is
that it be able to carry out the necessary responsibilities, and have
the ability to do a equitable, just, honest, and competent job.

1) The key requirement is that for each domain there be a designated
manager for supervising that domain's name space. In the case of
top-level domains that are country codes this means that there is
a manager that supervises the domain names and operates the domain
name system in that country.

The manager must, of course, be on the Internet. There must be
Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity to the nameservers and email
connectivity to the management and staff of the manager.

There must be an administrative contact and a technical contact
for each domain. For top-level domains that are country codes at
least the administrative contact must reside in the country
involved.

2) These designated authorities are trustees for the delegated
domain, and have a duty to serve the community.

The designated manager is the trustee of the top-level domain for
both the nation, in the case of a country code, and the global
Internet community.
Postel [Page 4]
RFC 1591
Domain Name System Structure and Delegation March 1994
Concerns about "rights" and "ownership" of domains are
inappropriate. It is appropriate to be concerned about
"responsibilities" and "service" to the community.

3) The designated manager must be equitable to all groups in the
domain that request domain names.

This means that the same rules are applied to all requests, all
requests must be processed in a non-discriminatory fashion, and
academic and commercial (and other) users are treated on an equal
basis. No bias shall be shown regarding requests that may come
from customers of some other business related to the manager --
e.g., no preferential service for customers of a particular data
network provider. There can be no requirement that a particular
mail system (or other application), protocol, or product be used.

There are no requirements on subdomains of top-level domains
beyond the requirements on higher-level domains themselves. That
is, the requirements in this memo are applied recursively. In
particular, all subdomains shall be allowed to operate their own
domain name servers, providing in them whatever information the
subdomain manager sees fit (as long as it is true and correct).

4) Significantly interested parties in the domain should agree that
the designated manager is the appropriate party.

The IANA tries to have any contending parties reach agreement
among themselves, and generally takes no action to change things
unless all the contending parties agree; only in cases where the
designated manager has substantially mis-behaved would the IANA
step in.

However, it is also appropriate for interested parties to have
some voice in selecting the designated manager.

There are two cases where the IANA and the central IR may
establish a new top-level domain and delegate only a portion of
it: (1) there are contending parties that cannot agree, or (2) the
applying party may not be able to represent or serve the whole
country. The later case sometimes arises when a party outside a
country is trying to be helpful in getting networking started in a
country -- this is sometimes called a "proxy" DNS service.

The Internet DNS Names Review Board (IDNB), a committee
established by the IANA, will act as a review panel for cases in
which the parties can not reach agreement among themselves. The
IDNB's decisions will be binding.
Postel [Page 5]
RFC 1591
Domain Name System Structure and Delegation March 1994
5) The designated manager must do a satisfactory job of operating the
DNS service for the domain.

That is, the actual management of the assigning of domain names,
delegating subdomains and operating nameservers must be done with
technical competence. This includes keeping the central IR (in
the case of top-level domains) or other higher-level domain
manager advised of the status of the domain, responding to
requests in a timely manner, and operating the database with
accuracy, robustness, and resilience.

There must be a primary and a secondary nameserver that have IP
connectivity to the Internet and can be easily checked for
operational status and database accuracy by the IR and the IANA.

In cases when there are persistent problems with the proper
operation of a domain, the delegation may be revoked, and possibly
delegated to another designated manager.

6) For any transfer of the designated manager trusteeship from one
organization to another, the higher-level domain manager (the IANA
in the case of top-level domains) must receive communications from
both the old organization and the new organization that assure the
IANA that the transfer in mutually agreed, and that the new
organization understands its responsibilities.

It is also very helpful for the IANA to receive communications
from other parties that may be concerned or affected by the
transfer.
4
. Rights to Names
1) Names and Trademarks

In case of a dispute between domain name registrants as to the
rights to a particular name, the registration authority shall have
no role or responsibility other than to provide the contact
information to both parties.

The registration of a domain name does not have any Trademark
status. It is up to the requestor to be sure he is not violating
anyone else's Trademark.

2) Country Codes

The IANA is not in the business of deciding what is and what is
not a country.
Postel [Page 6]
RFC 1591
Domain Name System Structure and Delegation March 1994
The selection of the ISO 3166 list as a basis for country code
top-level domain names was made with the knowledge that ISO has a
procedure for determining which entities should be and should not
be on that list.
5
. Security Considerations
Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
6
. Acknowledgements
Many people have made comments on draft version of these descriptions
and procedures. Steve Goldstein and John Klensin have been
particularly helpful.
7
. Author's Address
Jon Postel
USC/Information Sciences Institute
4676 Admiralty Way
Marina del Rey, CA 90292

Phone: 310-822-1511
Fax: 310-823-6714
EMail: Postel@ISI.EDU
7
. References
[
1
] Cooper, A., and J. Postel, "The US Domain",
RFC 1480
,
USC/Information Sciences Institute, June 1993.

[
2
] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2,
RFC 1340
,
USC/Information Sciences Institute, July 1992.

[
3
] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities", STD
13,
RFC 1034
, USC/Information Sciences Institute, November 1987.

[
4
] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Implementation and
Specification", STD 13,
RFC 1035
, USC/Information Sciences
Institute, November 1987.

[
6
] Partridge, C., "Mail Routing and the Domain System", STD 14,
RFC
974
, CSNET CIC BBN, January 1986.

[
7
] Braden, R., Editor, "Requirements for Internet Hosts --
Application and Support", STD 3,
RFC 1123
, Internet Engineering
Task Force, October 1989.

Postel [Page 7]
RFC
1591
: Domain Name System Structure and Delegation
Informational
Contents
About this RFC
Errata
In this section
1. Introduction
2. The Top Level Structure of the Domain Names
3. The Administration of Delegated Domains
4. Rights to Names
5. Security Considerations
6. Acknowledgements
7. Author's Address
7. References
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Table of Contents:
Latest Announcements, Updates, and Blogs
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Meetings and Work Sessions
Government Engagement
Legislative Initiatives
ICANN and the EU's GDPR
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ICANN org continues to meet with data protection agencies within relevant government bodies around the world to gain a better understanding of how privacy legislation, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) in China, relates to the work of ICANN org and to its contracts with registries and registrars. This includes both monitoring for legislation, such as the European Union Directive on Security of Network and Information Systems (NIS2), and providing policy makers with factual information on ICANN's mission and remit. ICANN also follows developments in international law possibly affecting gTLDs, such as the negotiation and agreement of the second additional protocol to the Budapest convention.
Legislative Initiatives
European Union (EU) GDPR -
The
GDPR
was adopted by the EU on 14 April 2016 and took effect on 25 May 2018 uniformly across the EU countries. ICANN organization executives, subject matter experts from various departments, and Board members are guiding the organization's activities related to the GDPR. More information can be found
here
.
EU NIS2 -
The revision of the Directive on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union (NIS2) was adopted in November 2022. EU Member states will have 21 months from the entry into force of the directive in which to incorporate the provisions into their national law. The NIS2 directive imposes cybersecurity measures and cyber incident related reporting obligations to operators of essential and important entities and applies to all providers of DNS services, with the exception of root servers.
China Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) -
More information can be found here:
China's Personal Information Protection Law: A Gentle Reminder
ICANN Advisory: Chinese Privacy Law and Its Impact on Registration Data Disclosure
Other initiatives
Council of Europe
The
Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime
and enhanced co-operation and disclosure of electronic evidence (also known as the Budapest Convention) was approved in November 2021 and opened for signature in May 2022. The protocol contains provisions related to registration data. It applies to countries and entities within those countries that have signed and ratified it.
ICANN Organization Internal Data Protection Practices
Click
here
for ICANN org's data protection practices related to use of the content and services available at or through any website operated by ICANN.
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Summary of ICANN Organization's Contractual Compliance Team Data Processing Activities
European Union Data Protection website
Registration Data
Single Webpage for ICANN Registration Directory Services/WHOIS-Related Policies and Contract Provisions
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View / Download A4 [
PDF
, 556 KB, US Legal [
PDF
, 560 KB]
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Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."


World Summit on the Information Society : About WSIS
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BASIC INFORMATION : ABOUT
WSIS
Overview
The UN General Assembly
Resolution 56/183
(21 December 2001) endorsed the
holding of the
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
in two phases. The
first phase
took place in Geneva from 10 to 12 December 2003
and the second phase took place in Tunis, from 16 to 18 November 2005.
Geneva Phase: 10-12 December 2003
The
objective of the first phase was to develop and foster a clear
statement of political will and take concrete steps to establish
the foundations for an Information Society for all, reflecting
all the different interests at stake.
Nearly 50 Heads of state/government and Vice-Presidents, 82 Ministers, and
26 Vice-Ministers from 175 countries as well as high-level representatives from
international organizations, private sector, and civil society
attended the Geneva Phase of WSIS and gave political support to the
Geneva Declaration of Principles and
Geneva Plan of Action
that were adopted on 12 December 2003.
More than 11,000 participants from
175 countries
attended the Summit and related events.
Full texts of
the Geneva
Declaration of Principles and Geneva Plan of Action
More on the first phase of WSIS
Tunis Phase: 16-18 November 2005
The
objective of the second phase was to put Geneva's Plan of Action
into motion as well as to find solutions and reach agreements in the fields
of Internet governance, financing mechanisms, and follow-up and
implementation of the Geneva and Tunis documents.
Nearly 50 Heads of state/government and Vice-Presidents and 197
Ministers, Vice Ministers and Deputy Ministers from 174 countries as well as high-level representatives from
international organizations, private sector, and civil society
attended the Tunis Phase of WSIS and gave political support to the
Tunis
Commitment and Tunis Agenda for the Information Society
that were adopted on 18
November 2005.
More than 19,000 participants from
174 countries
attended the Summit and related events.
Full texts of
the Tunis Commitment and Tunis Agenda for the Information Society
More on the second phase of WSIS
Background and Organization
What is a UN Summit?
Why a Summit on the
'Information Society'
Background and origins of WSIS
Preparatory Process
Taken individually, each phase of the Summit marked the culmination of many months of consultations
and negotiations among Member States, UN experts, the private sector, and non-governmental representatives, who
reviewed vast amounts of information and shared a broad spectrum of experiences in
issues related to the Information Society. These consultations and negotiations
took place prior to the Summit itself and constituted the
Preparatory Process
.
More on the Preparatory Process
Organization
A
High-Level Summit Organizing Committee (HLSOC)
was
established under the patronage of Kofi Annan, UN Secretary-General. Its
purpose was to coordinate the efforts of the international United Nations
family in the preparation, organization and holding of WSIS. The UN agency
holding the leading role in the organization of the Summit was the
International
Telecommunication Union (ITU)
, based in Geneva (Switzerland). An
Executive
Secretariat (WSIS-ES)
based at the ITU
headquarters was established under the authority of the HLSOC
to assist in the preparation of the Summit. The
host countries
, Switzerland and Tunisia,
also established Executive Secretariats.
More on HLSOC, WSIS-ES, ITU, and host
country Executive Secretariats and their respective roles
Funding and financial support for
WSIS
Participation
WSIS, while recommending representation from governments at the highest level
also
invited participation of all relevant UN bodies and other international organizations,
non-governmental organizations, private sector, civil society, and media to establish a truly
multi-stakeholder process
.
More on participation
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a
sic information
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phase: Geneva
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second phase: Tunis
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Updated : 2006-01-17


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NRO call for nomination to fill one seat for October 2026.
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The Address Supporting Organization Address Council (ASO AC) has delivered Recommended Draft RIR Governance Document to NRO EC.
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The RIPE NCC Strategy 2027-31 is now available. This strategy builds upon our existing vision, mission and values and sets the long-term direction for the organisation. The document explains RIPE NCC’s role in the Internet ecosystem, sets out six strategic focus areas for the coming five-year period and the external factors that influence our operating environment.
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IGF Brochures and Select Publications | Internet Governance Forum
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IGF Brochures & Select Publications
This section contains recent
IGF
brochures and selected publications.
IGF Achievements and Impact
2005-2025 Brochure
As the Internet Governance Forum (
IGF
) marks twenty years since its creation, this booklet takes you through the Forum’s journey, impact, and future.
Click here to get the Brochure
.
About the Internet Governance Forum
2025 Brochure
This brochure provides background information and an overview of the
IGF
process, including intersessional work, National and Regional
IGF
initiatives (
NRIs
) and its annual meeting.
Click here to get the Brochure
.
Internet Governance Forum: Introduction to NRIs
National, Sub-regional, Regional and Youth IGF Initiatives (NRIs) Publication
Over the years, the
IGF
has inspired multistakeholder teams from various countries and regions to launch the national and regional
IGF
processes, mirroring the procedures and processes of the
IGF
. These National and Regional Initiatives (
NRIs
) facilitate dialogue and cooperation on Internet policy issues of utmost relevance for their respective communities.
Download short version
|
Download long version
|
See translated versions
IGF Initiatives
A Toolkit to Assist Communities in Establishing the IGF Initiatives
This Toolkit is based on inputs from existing and emerging
IGF
Initiatives, and draws on their
suggestions for information that describes the basic requirements for an
IGF
initiative to be listed on the
IGF
website. It also offers suggestions about organizing structures.
The Toolkit stands as an advisory document and is a result of the
NRIs
collaborative process on establishing basic requirements such as adhering to the
IGF
principles.
Click here to get the Toolkit in
E
nglish
|
عربي
|
中文
|
Français
|
Русский
|
Español
.
Newcomer's One-pager
New to the Internet Governance Forum? Start here!
This brochure gives a short introduction to the
IGF
and meant to guide newcomers to participate according to what interest them through
newcomer's page
. It's short and meant to be distributed at
IGF
events to attract newcomers.
Click here to get the Publication
.
Youth Engagement at the IGF: Existing Practices
Youth IGF Initiatives and Other Capacity Development Programmes
This document provides a high-level perspective on some
IGF
youth-focused initiatives, and describes some of the existing practices for incorporating youth into Internet-focused discussions that have developed within the broader
IGF
community
Click here to get the Publication
.
Guide to Key Digital Policy Issues and Related Processes and Organizations
Toolkit for Parliamentarians
This toolkit is intended to provide Members of Parliament (MPs) with an overview of the
IGF
ecosystem and its relevance for parliamentary activities. It also serves to assist MPs navigate several key Internet and digital policy issues as well as related processes and organizations.
Click here to get the Toolkit
.
IGF 2025: Lillestrøm, Norway
Building Digital Governance Together
The
IGF
2025 Report outlines key highlights of the
IGF
2025 process and 20th annual
IGF
meeting. It also contains the thematic messages called Lillestrøm
IGF
Messages.
Click here to get the Report
.
IGF 2024: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Building our Multistakeholder Digital Future
The
IGF
2024 Report outlines key highlights of the
IGF
2024 process and 19th annual
IGF
meeting. It also contains the thematic messages called Riyadh
IGF
Messages.
Click here to get the Report
.
Best Practice Forum on Securing Access to the Internet and Protecting Core Internet Resources in Contexts of Conflict and Crises
2025 BPF on Cybersecurity Report
The Best Practice Forum (
BPF
) is an
IGF
intersessional activity, providing a platform for community driven discussion on Internet policy issues and sharing of experiences. The
IGF
2025
BPF
explores the roles and responsibilities of the multistakeholder Internet community in maintaining civilian access to the Internet and ensuring the protection of the public core of the Internet during times of conflict and crisis.
Click here to get the Report
.
Lessons, Impact on Global AI Governance, and Multistakeholder Vision for 2026 and Beyond
2025 PNAI Report
This report summarizes the activities of the Policy Network on Artificial Intelligence (PNAI) in 2025, highlights key outcomes and presents recommendations. In 2025, the PNAI’s primary objective was to develop actionable recommendations on how the
IGF
can maximize its impact as a central, inclusive and bottom-up multistakeholder platform for AI dialogue.
Click here to get the Report
.
From Knowledge to Implementation: The PNMA's Contribution to WSIS+20 and GDC
2025 PNMA Report
During the 2025 process, the expansion of advocacy and consolidation of the policy network continued. The PNMA offers itself as a benchmark for the implementation of the GDC’s meaningful access objectives. Moreover, its output report continues to be a public portfolio of knowledge and activities that the PNMA can engage in and contribute to the
WSIS
+20 process after the UN renewal and onwards to GDC implementation.
Click here to get the Report
.
Policy Network on Internet Fragmentation
2025 PNIF Report
Based on the discussions in 2025, the PNIF compiled a set of draft recommendations and shared them for community review. The recommendations are intended to inform and support ongoing and future deliberations on the role of the multistakeholder model in preserving an open, free, and global Internet, within the context of the
WSIS
+20 review, the operationalisation of the GDC, and beyond.
Click here to get the Report
.
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ICANN org publishes information about Upcoming Proceedings, Open Proceedings, Submissions, and Summary Reports. You can also search and review Closed Proceedings. Proceedings are open for a minimum of 40 days with exceptions as documented in the ICANN Bylaws or ICANN community operational procedures. All dates and times are based on UTC, and Open Proceedings close at 23:59 UTC.
Open Proceedings
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Proposed Implementation of the IGO-INGO Curative Rights Policy Recommendations
Show description
7
10 Aug 2026
Closing Today
Pending Reports
Proceedings
Submissions
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Additional Reference Label Generation Rules and Related Updates
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34
13 Aug 2026
Review of Reviews Draft Report
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21
18 Aug 2026
IRP-IOT – Proposed updates to the IRP Supplementary Procedures
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9
1 Sep 2026
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Initial Report of the TSG on gTLD Integrations with Alternative Naming Systems
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Aug 2026
DNS Abuse Mitigation PDP 1 Initial Report
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Sep 2026
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Philip Busca
Submitted on
Proposed Implementation of the IGO-INGO Curative Rights Policy Recommendations
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Leap of Faith Financial Services Inc.
Submitted on
Proposed Implementation of the IGO-INGO Curative Rights Policy Recommendations
Read more
Ron Jackson
Submitted on
Proposed Implementation of the IGO-INGO Curative Rights Policy Recommendations
Read more
Recent Reports
Public Comment Summary Report Proposed Language for the Draft CPE Evaluation Guide
(pdf, 146.14 KB)
Public Comment Summary Report Draft Guidelines for Advancing UA Adoption
(pdf, 236.82 KB)
Public Comment Summary Report Proposed Root KSK Algorithm Rollover
(pdf, 157.3 KB)
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IETF  | Technologies

IETF | Technologies
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Agentic AI communications: Identifying the standards we need
Enabling Publishers to Express Preferences for AI Crawlers: An Update on the AIPREF Working Group
Preventing Internet Route Hijack with SIDRops Technology
End-to-end encryption based on the IETF-developed Messaging Layer Security set be used on 100s of millions of mobile devices
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ALAC Statement on Additional Reference Label Generation Rules and Related Updates
Status: Submitted 23 Jun 2026
ALAC Statement on the Draft Evaluation Guide for Community Priority Evaluation
Status: Submitted 04 May 2026
ALAC Correspondence: Next Round Applicant Support Program (ASP)
Status: Submitted 17 Apr 2026
ALAC Statement on Standard Bylaws Amendment Transition Article on Specific Reviews"
Status: Submitted 13 Apr 2026
ALAC Statement on the Draft Guidelines for Advancing UA Adoption
Status: Submitted 13 Apr 2026
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27 Oct 2025
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The At-Large community operates within three workstreams: Policy, Operations, and Community Engagement. At-Large Working Groups generally operate within one of the three workstreams. Policy Working Groups are dedicated to ICANN policy discussions and advice development activities. Operations Working Groups are focused on issues related to ICANN
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Policy Briefs - Internet Society

Policy Briefs - Internet Society
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Policy Briefs
Our perspective on critical Internet issues, including community-centered connectivity solutions, encryption, online safety, Internet governance, open Internet standards, spectrum policy, and more.
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18 June 2026
Rebuilding Trust
Policy Brief: Solving Crime Without Breaking Encryption
Protecting strong encryption is not an obstacle to public safety, child protection, or crime prevention. It is a prerequisite for all three, and a necessary condition for a secure and trustworthy Internet.
19 December 2025
Connectivity
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Policy Brief: Interconnection and Regulated Traffic Obligations
This policy brief examines the growing pressure to regulate the relationships between online services and telecommunications operators.
4 December 2025
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Policy Brief: Age Restrictions and Online Safety
While often well-intentioned, policies requiring age checks create risks for people’s privacy, security, and access to an open Internet.
28 November 2025
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Connectivity
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Policy Brief: Licensing Approaches for Community-Centered Connectivity
Discover how community-centered connectivity solutions empower underserved areas. Explore updated licensing options and principles for meaningful connectivity today.
26 November 2025
Internet Governance
Internet Policy
Policy Brief: Internet Governance
This policy brief explores the key considerations, challenges, and provides guiding principles of multistakeholder Internet governance of openness, inclusiveness, transparency, collaboration, shared responsibility, accountability, consensus-driven and pragmatic evidence-based approaches.
13 November 2025
Connectivity
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Policy Brief: Enhancing the Resilience of Submarine Internet Infrastructure
This document presents a forward-looking and optimistic approach to enhancing Internet resilience through practical and policy-driven solutions.
29 October 2025
How the Internet Works
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Policy Brief: Open Internet Standards
By actively promoting and formally recognizing open standards in public policy, we can protect the building blocks that enable interoperability, compatibility, and consistency across networks, countries and markets, to ensure the Internet remains a vibrant, interoperable, and open resource for the world.
28 October 2025
Connectivity
Internet Policy
Policy Brief: Internet Shutdowns
This policy brief urges policymakers to adopt policies that eliminate shutdowns as a tool and to analyze and weigh the effects of restricting access when addressing policy and security issues, while also advocating for a free and open Internet.
7 October 2025
Community-Centered Connectivity
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Policy Brief: Spectrum Policy
We need deliberate policy and regulatory measures to ensure spectrum availability for community-centered initiatives.
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