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The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act; P.L. 111-203 ) was signed into law on July 21, 2010, as a response to the 2008-2009 financial crisis. The act mandated extensive financial regulatory reform. Section 953(b) of the act, the so-called pay ratio provision, requires the Securiti... | 1 |
Immunizations are widely considered one of the leading public health achievements of the 20th century. Mandatory immunization programs have eradicated polio and smallpox in the United States and reduced the number of deaths from several childhood diseases, such as measles, to near zero. A consistent supply of many diff... | 1 |
PTSD can develop following exposure to life-threatening events, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious accidents, or violent personal assaults like rape. PTSD is the most prevalent mental disorder arising from combat. People who experience stressful events often relive the experience through nightmares and fla... | 1 |
According to the State Department, no country poses a more immediate narcotics threat to the United States than Mexico. For over 20 years, the United States has supported the Mexican government in its counternarcotics efforts and has provided assistance to develop and strengthen the Mexican government in its law enforc... | 1 |
The West Valley site, about 30 miles southeast of Buffalo, includes an approximately 200-acre area of nuclear operations within a 3,300-acre area owned by the state of New York. (See fig. 1.) The facility began construction in 1963 as the first—and ultimately the only—commercial spent fuel reprocessing plant to be oper... | 1 |
The drawdown of equipment and personnel from Iraq is a highly complex operation of significant magnitude. According to DOD, as of February 2010, there were approximately 98,100 U.S. military personnel in Iraq, spread among 228 bases throughout the country. Additionally, as of February 2010, the Army reported that there... | 1 |
The HVBP program affects Medicare payments to approximately 3,000 acute care hospitals for the inpatient services provided to Medicare beneficiaries. Hospitals are included in the HVBP program if they are paid through Medicare’s Inpatient Prospective Payment System. Thus, hospitals not paid through this system, such as... | 1 |
State is authorized to designate acceptance facilities—in addition to its own passport offices—to provide passport execution services to the American public. The majority of passport applications are submitted at acceptance facilities nationwide; these include post offices; federal, state, and probate courts; some publ... | 1 |
RUS, EDA, Reclamation, and the Corps each have distinct missions and fund rural water supply and wastewater projects under separate programs and congressional authorizations. Furthermore, each agency has its own definition of what constitutes a rural area and a unique organizational structure to implement its programs.... | 1 |
Humanitarian parole—in the context of immigration—refers to official permission for an otherwise inadmissible alien to legally enter the United States temporarily. This includes aliens required to have a visa to visit or immigrate to the United States who are unable to obtain one, either due to ineligibility or urgent ... | 1 |
A patent box provides a lower tax rate on income from patents. In some cases, the lower rate applies to income from other intellectual property. Such a subsidy is sometimes referred to as an innovation or IP box. In this report, the term "patent box," the most popular name, will be used to refer to all of the special t... | 1 |
The Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1982 ( P.L. 97-253 ; September 8, 1982) suspended previously existing permanent law pertaining to cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) for federal civilian and military retirees. Much of the legislative and executive branch activity related to military retirement COLAs since 1983 has inv... | 1 |
Demand for GAO’s analysis and advice remains strong across the Congress. During the past 3 years, GAO has received requests or mandated work from all of the standing committees of the House and the Senate and over 90 percent of their subcommittees. In fiscal year 2007, GAO received over 1,200 requests for studies. This... | 1 |
During and after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the North Caucasus area of Russia experienced substantial disorder. Among such disorder, breakaway conflicts in neighboring Georgia rallied some North Caucasians to support their efforts; Chechen separatism gained ground, contributing to the breakup of the then-... | 1 |
The DI program was established in 1956 to provide monthly cash benefits to individuals unable to work because of severe long-term disability. Cash benefits are payable monthly, as long as the worker remains eligible for benefits, until the worker reaches full retirement age or dies. In fiscal year 2011, more than 10 mi... | 1 |
The phrase "Glass-Steagall" generally refers to the separation of commercial banking from investment banking. In this context, commercial banking refers to the activities engaged in by depository institutions, which this report also will refer to as "banks" or "commercial banks." In contrast, investment banking refers ... | 1 |
The Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (the 1990 Farm Bill) required, among other things, that the Secretary give priority to beginning farmers in purchasing inventory farmland—properties that have come into government ownership through voluntary conveyance or foreclosure. It also expressed the sens... | 1 |
DHS Acquisition Management Directive 102-01 (MD 102) and an accompanying instruction manual establish the department’s policies and processes for managing major acquisition programs. While DHS has had an acquisition management policy in place since October 2004, the department issued the initial version of MD 102 in 20... | 1 |
The Bush Administration described the strategy of "tailored deterrence" to define the role that nuclear weapons might play in U.S. national security policy. Yet, there has been little discussion of this concept, either in Congress or in the public at large, that would allow this concept to serve as a mechanism to help ... | 1 |
As the 80 million baby boomers approach retirement, many are concerned they will not have sufficient savings to sustain their standard of living throughout retirement. Few, however, have focused on another risk to their retirement security—the potential cost of financing often expensive long-term care services. The cos... | 1 |
FAR Part 15 allows the use of several competitive source selection processes to meet agency needs. Within the best value continuum, DOD may choose a process that it considers the most advantageous to the government, either the LPTA or the tradeoff process (see figure 1). DOD may elect to use the LPTA process where the ... | 1 |
Widespread flooding in Pakistan affected millions of people and caused a significant humanitarian disaster with widespread economic and security consequences for the country. A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively combating religious militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. The humanitarian effects ... | 1 |
DRO is responsible for the detention of aliens in its custody pending civil administrative immigration removal proceedings. According to ICE, as of the week ending December 31, 2006, there were 27,607 aliens detained in ICE custody at 330 adult detention facilities nationwide. The majority of ICE’s alien detainee popul... | 1 |
The transfer of defense items to friendly nations and allies is an integral component in both U.S. national security and foreign policy. The U.S. government authorizes the sale or transfer of military equipment, including spare parts, to foreign nations either through government-to-government agreements or through dire... | 1 |
Housing counseling organizations provide information on a wide range of housing issues to a variety of populations. Prospective homebuyers, current homeowners, renters, and the homeless are all examples of populations that may seek housing counseling. In general, the federal government does not provide housing counseli... | 1 |
Animal agriculture is a $100 billion per year industry in the United States. Livestock and poultry are raised on an estimated 1.3 million farms throughout the nation. About 238,000 of these farms are considered animal feeding operations (AFO)—agriculture enterprises where animals are kept and raised in confinement. An ... | 1 |
NASA’s Vision for Space Exploration calls for a return of humans to the Moon and eventual human spaceflight to Mars. In September 2005, NASA outlined an initial architecture for implementing the Vision in its Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS). NASA is implementing this architecture under the Constellation p... | 1 |
Since 1993, GSA has built 79 new courthouses that replaced or supplemented 66 old courthouses. GSA considers 15 of the new courthouses to be annexes—additions that are often larger than the old courthouses. The judiciary identifies potential courthouse projects based on a capital-planning process that involves consulta... | 1 |
This report describes and analyzes annual appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2016. It compares the enacted FY2015 appropriations for DHS, the Administration's FY2016 budget request, the appropriations proposed by Congress in response, and those enacted thus far. This report identifies ad... | 1 |
The HUBZone Act of 1997 (which established the HUBZone program) identified HUBZones as (1) qualified census tracts, which are determined generally by area poverty rate or household income; (2) qualified nonmetropolitan counties, which are determined generally by area unemployment rate or median household income; and (3... | 1 |
Congress funds NNSA’s modernization efforts through various programs and activities within the Weapons Activities appropriations account that generally address the following four areas: The stockpile area includes weapons refurbishments through LEPs and other major weapons alterations and modifications; surveillance ef... | 1 |
Senate Rule XXVI establishes specific requirements for Senate committee procedures. In addition, each Senate committee is required to adopt rules, which may "not be inconsistent with the Rules of the Senate." Senate committees also operate according to additional established practices that are not necessarily reflected... | 1 |
The H-1B program was created by the Immigration Act of 1990, which amended the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The H-1B visa category was created to enable U.S. employers to hire temporary workers as needed in specialty occupations, or those that require theoretical and practical application of a body of highly ... | 1 |
Each year, the President is required to submit a comprehensive federal budget proposal to Congress no later than the first Monday in February. Once it is submitted, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) analyzes the proposal using its own economic assumptions and estimation techniques. Then, the House and Senate Budget... | 1 |
Personal bankruptcy filings have set new records in each of the past 3 years, reaching about 1.4 million in calendar year 1998, of which more than 1 million were chapter 7 filings. There is little agreement on the causes for such high personal bankruptcy filings in a period of relatively low unemployment, low inflation... | 1 |
ASR, a disease caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, requires living host cells to survive. It can infect over 90 host species of legumes, such as kidney beans, chickpeas, and kudzu. When ASR infects soybeans, it causes the plants to lose their leaves prematurely, which reduces the size and number of the beans. I... | 1 |
RS21300 -- Elections in Kashmir Updated December 5, 2002 Domestically, Indian efforts to defeat an armed insurrection in the predominantly Muslim Kashmir valley and to obtain greater political participation in the statehave been hindered by the position taken by both hardline Muslim and Hindu groups. Hardline Kashmiri ... | 1 |
The authorization of the Museum and Library Services Act (MLSA) expired with FY2009. Its reauthorization may be considered by the 111 th Congress. One issue that may arise during reauthorization is the current status of conservation and preservation of museum and library collections. Other issues that may arise include... | 1 |
The United States is engaged in negotiations with Japan and 10 other countries to form a regional free trade agreement (FTA)—the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP). In the negotiations, the United States and the other TPP partner-countries seek to build "a comprehensive, next-generation regional agreement that l... | 1 |
The V-22 Osprey is a tilt-rotor aircraft that takes off and lands vertically like a helicopter and flies forward like an airplane. Department of Defense (DOD) plans call for procuring a total of 458 V-22s—360 MV-22s for the Marine Corps; 50 CV-22 special operations variants for U.S. Special Operations Command, or USSOC... | 1 |
The total long-term funding for helping the Gulf Coast recover from the 2005 hurricanes hinges on numerous factors including policy choices made at all levels of government, knowledge of spending across the federal government, and the multiple decisions required to transform the region. To understand the long-term fede... | 1 |
Immigration has been a contentious issue since the nation's inception. During periods of substantial immigration, it has not been unusual for the native-born population to raise objections on many grounds—cultural, religious, ethnic, and economic. The focus of the latest national debate over high levels of immigration ... | 1 |
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the United States is expected to be the fourth-largest producer and third-largest exporter of peanuts in the world in 2016. In addition to its prominent role in international markets, U.S. peanut production and marketing is an important activity in several states ... | 1 |
On September 29, 1999, the President signed a $2.457 billion FY2000 legislative branchappropriations bill into Public Law 106-57 (113 Stat. 408). This represented a reduction of 4.8%,or $124.1 million, from the FY1999 budget of $2.581 billion. Conferees approved H.R. 1905 onAugust 4, 1999, and both houses agreed to the... | 1 |
Agencies can use a variety of contract types to acquire products and services. Cost-reimbursement contracts are suitable only when uncertainties in the scope of work or cost of services prevent the use of contract types in which prices are fixed, known as fixed-price contracts. A contractor may receive a fixed or base ... | 1 |
Both mutual fund companies and banks are financial intermediaries, that is, they raise funds from savers and channel these funds back to the economy by investing them. Banks generally use their deposits either to make loans or to invest in certain debt securities, principally government bonds. Mutual funds do not make ... | 1 |
The use of SSNs on identification cards by federal, state, and private organizations, such as health insurance companies, was prevalent until the early 2000s. However, many organizations have since replaced these types of identification cards with those that do not contain SSNs. This step was taken, in large part, in r... | 1 |
In July 1997, the FCC estimated that U.S. consumers could choose from over 500 long-distance service providers. Slamming subverts that choice because it changes a consumer’s long-distance provider without the consumer’s knowledge and consent. It distorts telecommunications markets by enabling companies engaged in misle... | 1 |
In June 2016, House Speaker Paul Ryan proposed a destination-based cash flow tax (DBCFT), a type of national consumption tax, as part of the "A Better Way" tax reform blueprint. One component of the DBCFT proposal is the implementation of a border adjustment. Were the United States to adopt a DBCFT with a border-adjust... | 1 |
ONDCP was established by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 to, among other things, enhance national drug control planning and coordination and represent the drug policies of the executive branch before Congress. In this role, the office is responsible for (1) developing a national drug control policy, (2) developing and ... | 1 |
Police corruption, according to the academic and other literature and anticorruption commission reports we reviewed, is not a new problem and dates back to the establishment of the first organized local police forces. According to a report by the Knapp Commission, when the NYPD was established in 1844 as the first muni... | 1 |
Approaches to electronic health information exchange have expanded in recent years with the increased adoption of EHRs and growth of HIE organizations. For example, some providers can electronically exchange clinical information via interoperable EHR systems. In cases in which providers wish to exchange electronic heal... | 1 |
The Summer Food Service Program is a federal entitlement program that provides funds for program sponsors to serve free nutritious meals to children in low-income areas when school is not in session. It is administered by USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service, which provides money to state agencies to operate the program a... | 1 |
Federal law has required broadcasters to identify sponsors of radio program content since 1927.requirements have been amended to expand and further define the requirements. Since that time, sponsorship identification In 1934, the Communications Act established FCC and gave it authority to administer sponsorship identif... | 1 |
Formularies are used to help control pharmacy costs, enhance patient safety, and improve quality of care by, among other things, limiting drug choices to those a health care organization has determined are the most medically appropriate and cost-effective for a given patient population. As early as 1955, VA medical cen... | 1 |
There are two tax provisions that subsidize the child and dependent care expenses of working parents: the child and dependent care tax credit (CDCTC) and the exclusion for employer-sponsored child and dependent care. This report provides a general overview of these two tax benefits, focusing on eligibility requirements... | 1 |
Created in 2008, CPP was the primary initiative under TARP to help stabilize the financial markets and banking system by providing capital to qualifying regulated financial institutions through the purchase of senior preferred shares and subordinated debt. Rather than purchasing troubled mortgage-backed securities and ... | 1 |
The U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement ( P.L. 108-78 ) went into effect on January 1, 2004. This report provides an overview of the major trade and economic developments following the FTA over the five years ending in January 2010. It also includes selected information on key provisions of the agreement. As the United... | 1 |
The General Services Administration (GSA) administers the federal government’s contracts in support of agencies’ purchase card programs. GSA contracts with commercial banks to issue purchase cards to federal employees to make official government purchases. Citibank issues purchase cards to VA operating administrations,... | 1 |
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (P.L. No. 104-193) (PRWORA) made sweeping changes to national welfare policy. Principally, these reforms gave states the flexibility to design their own programs and the strategies necessary for achieving program goals, including how to move we... | 1 |
NNSA carries out the department’s nuclear weapons research missions at three weapons laboratories—Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos, and Sandia national laboratories. These three laboratories have primarily a science and technology mission, which focuses on maintaining the nation’s nuclear weapons stockpile; preventing nu... | 1 |
DOD has for many years augmented its internally owned and operated satellite communications capability by leasing additional external telecommunications capacity on commercially owned and operated satellites. Demand has been increasing in recent years, as the military has come to rely more heavily on commercial satelli... | 1 |
The purpose of the TAA for Firms program is to help trade-impacted, economically distressed U.S. manufacturing, production, and service firms make adjustments that may enable them to remain competitive in the global economy. The program delivers technical assistance to firms by developing business recovery plans and pr... | 1 |
Medicare Advantage (MA) is an alternative way for Medicare beneficiaries to receive covered benefits. Under MA, private health plans are paid a per-person amount to provide all Medicare covered benefits (except hospice) to beneficiaries who enroll in their plan. Eligible individuals may enroll in an MA plan, if one is ... | 1 |
On July 20, 2012, a 24-year-old male entered a theater in Aurora, CO, and perpetrated what has been described as one of the worst mass shootings in modern U.S. history. James Holmes allegedly shot to death 12 people and wounded another 58 people, seven of them critically. He was armed with an M16 variant semiautomatic ... | 1 |
The GAT Board, the Recovery Board, and OMB, have initiatives under way to improve the accuracy and availability of federal spending data. The GAT Board, with a mandate of providing strategic direction, has four working groups charged with developing approaches for improving the quality of data in federal contract, gran... | 1 |
For many years we have advocated the use of a risk management approach that entails managing risk through actions, including setting strategic goals and objectives, assessing risk, allocating resources based on risk, evaluating alternatives, selecting initiatives to undertake, and implementing and monitoring those init... | 1 |
Member-constituent communications serve a vital role in representative government. If information about legislative activity cannot easily flow from Members to constituents, citizens will be less capable of drawing policy judgments regarding congressional actions. Likewise, if constituents cannot easily communicate the... | 1 |
Several factors constrain CNMI’s economic potential, including the lack of diversification, scarce natural resources, small domestic markets, limited infrastructure, and shortages of skilled labor. The United States exercises sovereignty over CNMI, and, in general, federal laws apply to CNMI. However, federal minimum w... | 1 |
As part of the Recovery Act’s State Fiscal Stabilization Fund (SFSF), Congress required Education to make grants to states that reform their education systems. Education subsequently created the RTT grant fund and gave states the opportunity to compete for grants based on reforms specified in the act: 1. recruiting, de... | 1 |
According to 2007 NHIS data, fewer than 40 percent of adults in the United States reported ever having been tested for HIV. In a recent survey by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, the primary reason people gave for not being tested is that they do not think they are at risk. The second most common reason was that ... | 1 |
The Military Whistleblower Protection Act of 1988, as amended, and its implementing directive, Department of Defense Directive 7050.06, establish the basic concepts and framework for the investigative process and establish the roles and responsibilities of the various affected organizations. DODIG is the central organi... | 1 |
Discretionary spending covers the costs of the routine activities commonly associated with such federal government functions as running executive branch agencies, congressional offices and agencies, and international operations of the government. Mandatory programs and net interest costs are the other components of fed... | 1 |
Mass murders committed with firearms—particularly those incidents that occur in workplaces, schools, restaurants, houses of worship, and other public spaces—cause people to feel anxious and vulnerable, as the recent Charleston, SC, and Chattanooga, TN, tragedies demonstrate. Several such mass murders in 2012, seven inc... | 1 |
DOD defines an unmanned aircraft as a powered aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload. Generally, unmanned aircraft systems consist of ... | 1 |
Enormous growth in government and private biomedical research funding and in financial relationships between government-funded investigators and private industry has increased the potential for financial conflicts of interest to occur that could compromise research integrity and the safety of participants. HHS has regu... | 1 |
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides two types of assistance for winter incidents: (1) "snow assistance," and (2) assistance for "severe winter storms." Both types of assistance are triggered by a presidential disaster declaration. The criteria used by FEMA to determine whether to recommend a declara... | 1 |
DOD planned to end fiscal year 1996 with about 234,000 active duty officers. Officers serve in warfighting positions as infantry commanders and fighter pilots and support positions as civil engineering officers, personnel officers, and veterinarians. About 108,000 officers (approximately 46 percent) are assigned to sup... | 1 |
Generally, a public company’s board of directors is responsible for managing the business and affairs of the corporation, including representing a company’s shareholders and protecting their interests. Corporate boards range in size and according to a 2013 survey of public companies, the average board size was about ni... | 1 |
There are two main non-VA medical care delivery methods— preauthorized care and emergency care—that are approved using two different processes. The first, preauthorized care, is approved in advance by VA facility officials. VA may authorize veterans to seek care from non- VA providers for a number of reasons, including... | 1 |
Child welfare services are intended to prevent the abuse or neglect of children; to ensure that children have safe, permanent homes; and to promote the well-being of children and their families. Most federal child welfare programs are administered by the Children's Bureau, at the Administration on Children, Youth and F... | 1 |
The federal government has supported efforts to gather educational statistics for more than 150 years. Collecting statistics and facts on the condition and progress of education was the core function of the earliest version of the Office of Education (P.L. 39-73, enacted March 2, 1867). However, a coordinated national ... | 1 |
The ever increasing costliness of defense equipment, the limited defense budgets, the concerns about employment levels, and the importance of industrial competitiveness in a global economy have led governments to leverage their imports of major weapon systems so as to yield benefits for their domestic economies. Offset... | 1 |
GSA follows a prescribed process for the disposal of federal properties that are reported as excess by federal agencies—a process that can take years to complete. GSA first offers excess property to other federal agencies. If no federal agency needs it or homeless provider expresses an interest in it, the property beco... | 1 |
DOD inventory control points are responsible for managing insurance items. We performed our review at the Aviation Supply Office (ASO), one of two Navy inventory control points, and the Defense Industrial Supply Center (DISC), one of six DLA inventory control points. As of March 1994, ASO managed insurance inventories ... | 1 |
Congress enacted the 1975 Energy Policy and Conservation Act (the Energy Act) during the aftermath of the energy crisis created by the Arab oil embargo of 1973 and 1974 to reduce oil consumption by the transportation sector in the United States. The act established what is commonly known as the CAFE program, which requ... | 1 |
Designated uses are the purposes that a state’s waters are intended to serve. Some waters, for example, serve as a drinking water source, while others are designated to serve as a source of recreation (swimming or boating) and/or to support aquatic life. The state must also develop water quality criteria, which specify... | 1 |
Child support is the cash payment that a noncustodial parent is obligated to pay for the financial support of his or her children. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands operate Child Support Enforcement (CSE) programs. Historically, states were required to provide CSE s... | 1 |
Established in 1956, DI is an insurance program that provides monthly cash benefits to workers who are unable to work because of severe long term disability. Workers who have worked long enough and recently enough are insured for coverage under the DI program. To meet the definition of disability under the DI program,... | 1 |
Late on September 30, 2013, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) gave notice to federal agencies that an emergency shutdown furlough would be put in place as a result of the impending lapse in annual appropriations for FY2014. Federal agencies had been directed to develop contingency plans in preparation for this ... | 1 |
A transfer price is the price charged by one company for a product or service supplied to a related company, such as the price a parent corporation charges its wholly-owned subsidiary. Any company that has a related company with which it transacts business establishes transfer prices for those intercompany transactions... | 1 |
DOD is one of the largest and most complex organizations in the world. Overhauling its business operations will take many years to accomplish and represents a huge and possibly unprecedented management challenge. Execution of DOD’s operations spans a wide range of defense organizations, including the military services ... | 1 |
The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)—an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services—administers the Medicare home health care program. That program has been part of Medicare since Medicare began in 1965 and serves as an alternative to lengthy in-patient hospitalization. Medicare home health costs a... | 1 |
FHA and RHS operate a variety of loan guarantee programs, organized under three budget accounts, that support the financing of single-family and multifamily housing, as well as healthcare facilities (see fig. 1). The guarantees substantially reduce the financial risk for lenders in the event that borrowers default, the... | 1 |
Port security overall has improved because of the development of organizations and programs such as AMSCs, Area Maritime Security Plans (area plans), maritime security exercises, and the International Port Security Program, but challenges to successful implementation of these efforts remain. Additionally, agencies may ... | 1 |
The Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program provides monthly rental assistance to around 2 million low-income households each year. It is administered at the local level by quasi-governmental public housing agencies (PHAs). While some form of Section 8 rental assistance has been in place since the mid-1970s, the moder... | 1 |
Transportation programs, like other federal programs, need to be viewed in the context of the nation’s fiscal position. Long-term fiscal simulations by GAO, the Congressional Budget Office, and others all show that despite a 3-year decline in the federal government’s unified budget deficit, we still face large and grow... | 1 |
Congress's role in the United States' relationship with Sri Lanka is not limited exclusively to oversight of the Administration's policy. Congress's role also includes decisions on a range of legislative issues including foreign assistance funding for democracy promotion, good governance, ethnic and religious reconcili... | 1 |
Established under title XIX of the Social Security Act as a joint federal- state health financing program, Medicaid is one of the largest programs in the federal and state budgets. States, in administering their Medicaid programs, must comply with federal requirements. States pay qualified health providers for a broad ... | 1 |
On September 26, 2006, President Bush signed into law S. 2590 , the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act ( P.L. 109-282 ). According to supporters of the new law, P.L. 109-282 was an attempt to reduce "wasteful and unnecessary spending" by the federal government, including spending on funds earmarked for... | 1 |
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