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the determination of hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 ) has attracted great attention because h2o2 plays an important role in food industry , clinical diagnosis and environmental monitoring . the h2o2 detection is also of special interest in terms of tracking many biological targets such as glucose and lactose . among various ...
aptamers are 60~80 mers composed of synthetic ribonucleic acid ( rna ) or deoxyribonucleic acid ( dna ) oligonucleotides that have been identified by a process called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment ( selex ) ; this process is based on high affinity and specific molecular fit with targets of ...
dental pulp tests are investigations that provide valuable diagnostic and treatment planning information to the dental clinician . if pathosis is present , pulp testing combined with information taken from the history , examination , and other investigations such as radiographs leads to the diagnosis of the underlying ...
impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance both contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) . different oral antidiabetic drugs are used to treat t2 dm depending on the pathogenesis in individual patients . for example , -glucosidase inhibitors are used to treat postprandial hyperglycemi...
osteoporosis ( op ) is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by bone fragility resulting from low bone mass and deterioration of bone microstructure . etiologically , osteoporosis is divided into three groups : primary type 1 , primary type 2 , and secondary . the form of osteoporosis most common in ...
cardiotoxicity and associated drug failures in clinical development or even withdrawals from the market contribute significantly to the rising cost of drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry . it has been reported that 28% of drug withdrawals in the usa are associated with negative cardi...
autonomous cortisol secretion in patients with no typical signs or symptoms of hypercortisolism is defined as " subclinical cushing syndrome " ( scs ) . an increased frequency of hypertension , central obesity , impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes , hyperlipemia , and osteoporosis have been described in patients wit...
there is an ongoing need to determine lead because of its extensive distribution and high toxicity ; lead is among the most toxic heavy metals for human health . the main methods for lead measurement include gfaas , icp - ms , and hg - afs . the hg - afs method , however , uses much simpler and cheaper equipment and th...
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( escc ) is the major histopathological subtype of esophageal cancer . unfortunately , systemic radiotherapy alone is ineffective in patients with unresectable , recurrent , or metastatic escc . the evasion of apoptosis is a prominent hallmark of cancer , and induces resistance to rad...
developed two hundred years ago as alternative medicine , homeopathy has three main principles at its foundation : - similarity law - substances of animal , vegetal and mineral origin produce certain symptoms to the healthy subject to whom these have been administered ; administered in submolecular doses as homeopathic...
dynamic susceptibility - contrast perfusion magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging is a commonly used method for the noninvasive assessment of cerebral blood perfusion because of the availability of mr imaging units and lack of exposure to ionizing radiation [ 110 ] . after a bolus injection of intravascular contrast agent ...
anca - associated vasculitides ( aav ) are autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation of the blood vessel wall and include microscopic polyangiitis ( mpa ) , granulomatosis with polyangiitis ( gpa , formerly wegener 's ) , and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis ( egpa , formerly churg - strauss syndro...
the design of nebulizers has been the subject of considerable development activity in recent years . this includes both compressor - based jet - nebulizer systems and more portable mesh - based device designs . the focus of the development activity has been geared toward making the devices more patient / carer - friend...
the klotho gene , named from a greek goddess who spins the thread of life , was identified in 1997 as a gene mutated in the klotho mouse , which exhibited multiple disorders resembling human premature - aging syndrome . it is expressed in a limited numbers of tissues , most notably in distal convoluted tubules of k...
adaptive immunity together with innate effector immune cells is established to efficiently control malignant cells . the importance of t cells for tumor cell elimination is underscored by the observation that tumor infiltration by t cells represents a valuable prognostic marker in different human cancer types ( hunde...
pharmacological treatments include a deterrent agent ( disulfiram ) and two anti - craving agents ; acamprosate and naltrexone . multiple other drugs with different mechanisms of action are being investigated as anti - craving agents . for instance , positive family history , high craving predict good response to naltr...
success of endodontic treatment depends on thorough biomechanical preparation and the use of aseptic techniques during the treatment . the practitioner must be concerned not only with endogenous oral microbial flora , but with exogenous bacterial contamination as well . for optimum infection control , although gutta - ...
the survey was conducted at 105 sites located in 19 municipalities distributed throughout the state of maranho ( table 1 ; fig . 1 ) , in northeastern brazil , between the coordinates 01 01 to 10 21 s and 41 48 to 48 40 w. the specimens were collected in traps designed specifically for the capture of saprophago...
trigeminocardiac reflex is defined as the sudden onset of parasympathetic dysrhythmia , sympathetic hypotension , apnea and gastric hyper motility under stimulation of any sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve . sensory terminals of the trigeminal nerve sends nerve signals , due to the extra - ocular muscle stretch ...
the bottom - up approaches to molecular level devices and machines comprise a numerous set of synthesis and self - assembly methods for creating , accessing , and organizing a functional building block collection . among the methods , genetically engineered synthesis offers a unique opportunity to exploit biolo...
infection is acquired either by contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated milk or dairy products . the disease has major economic impact not only due to time lost by patients from normal daily activities but also due to the loss in animal husbandry [ 1 , 2 ] . indeed , brucellosis is characterised by...
protein post - translational modifications ( ptms ) are one of the fastest processes through which plants respond to various stimuli . thus , they increasingly became the focus of scientific studies . among the various ptms , phosphorylation is one of the most studied modifications , due to the large number of affected...
250 pairs of salivary glands from wild type 3rd instar larvae were dissected in pbs and directly cross - linked in 2% formaldehyde in pbs with 0.1% triton x-100 for 2 min . the glands were then washed in pbs until all dissections were done and glycine was added to a final concentration of 0.125 m. the salivary glands...
defects have long been treated with durable dental materials , which all have a limited performance and eventually fail after a period of clinical service . pulp repair requires a sequence of cellular events resembling those involved in soft tissue wound healing . these events include chemotaxis , proliferation of mese...
classification systems for thoracolumbar trauma continue to evolve.1 a comprehensive classification system , however , has been difficult to create , partly due to the complexity of spinal anatomy and mechanisms of injury , as well as widely differing philosophies in treatment . over the last several decades , incremen...
cd : i enjoyed biology at school and was fascinated by marine biology programs on tv when i was a teenager . however , we had to do biochemistry courses during the first year - something i had never been introduced to at school . i enjoyed those so much that i switched courses to biology specializing in biochemistry . ...
deciphering the molecular mechanism by which the shape of a lipid bilayer membrane is modulated by changes in its composition is a fundamental challenge in membrane biophysics . the challenge is particularly acute for multiphase bilayers in which the overall shape is a function of the composition and elastic ...
over the past three decades , aquaculture industry has made impressive progress and constituted high quality protein for much of the world 's population . in china , aquaculture industry has become a major power to promote sustainable , rapid , and stable development of china 's fishery . grass carp ( ctenopharyngodon ...
medical sciences is for the benefit of human , and one of the first strictures of medicine in general and psychiatry in particular is to do no harm . the psychiatrist - researcher has difficult task of fulfilling both the role of psychiatrist and of researcher , in that order . generally , the first two consideration i...
mood disorders and schizophrenia are common and disabling conditions in which stressful life events and genetic risk factors are known to contribute to the risk of illness ( murray and lopez , 1997 ; sullivan et al . , 2000 ) . impairment in cognitive function is associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders ( ale...
we used the aggregation of labeled k18 tau as our in vitro test model for the characterization of the lifetime sensor . k18 tau monomer samples labeled with atto 532 or alexa fluor 488 at different labeling ratios ( defined as the percentage of monomer peptides that were labeled with the fluorescent dyes ) were...
advanced tumor disease and metastatic spinal cord compression ( mscc ) are two entities with a high impact on patients quality of life . as the life expectancy of patients with treatable malignancy and treatment options have improved considerably in the last decade,[14 ] orthopedic and spinal surgeons are nowadays freq...
in primary aldosteronism ( pa ) , the choice of treatment depends on the lateralization of aldosterone secretion . in cases with unilateral aldosterone overproduction therefore , it is important to differentiate between bilateral and unilateral forms of pa [ 1 , 2 ] . the only diagnostic method that can recognize unila...
meningitis is a devastating and deadly disease that kills patients within hours . despite many new antibacterial agents , bacterial meningitis fatality rates still remain high . it is the cause of mortality in about 1,000 people around the world every day ; many of them children and young adults . the markers include p...
most of the children of esophageal foreign body ( fb ) present with a history of fb ingestion noticed by the parents or sometimes the child himself gives a positive history . most of the case series published on foreign body ingestion have described only few cases of multiple fb ingestion . , in children , only a few s...
hearing loss results in many limitations in the development of individuals . in countries such as brazil with an unstable economic structure and an alarming unemployment rate , competition for jobs moreover , the lack of information about disability coupled with the possible belief that disabled individuals will be les...
gingival recession , i.e. , apical migration of gingival margin leading to exposure of root surface or unaesthetic elongation of the crown portion of tooth , as generally addressed by laymen , usually presents in a localized or generalized pattern . cosmetic correction of gingival recession is necessary , not only to c...
a 55-year - old nonsmoking unmedicated black woman without past surgical or medical history apart from mild untreated hypertension presented with deteriorated general condition , lethargy , and confusion . a few weeks prior to admission , she had polyuria , polydipsia , and polyphagia . laboratory findings mainly showe...
the intermediate stage between cognitive health and dementia has been defined as mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and has been widely described in epidemiological and clinical studies . criteria for mci require the report of memory problems or other cognitive function , objective cognitive impairment ( a test score ...
hirschsprung disease ( hd ) or congenital aganglionic megacolon is an intestinal motor disorder with an incidence of 1:5000 live births , ranging from 1:14000 to 1:4000 live births ( 1 ) . it results in delayed meconium defecation , abdominal distension , lack of appetite , vomiting , and entrocolitis ( 2 ) . in severa...
indoor radon concentrations , in becquerels ( note 1 ) per cubic metre ( bq / m ) , vary widely . while the average radon levels in countries range from 11 bq / m in australia to 120 bq / m in finland , maximum values above 50 000 bq / m have been measured . there is fear about the risk of lung cancer due to inhaled ra...
prostate cancer ( pc ) is the second common cancer diagnosed and represents the sixth leading cause of death in male cancer patients worldwide ( 1 ) . pc incidence rates increase in nearly all countries except in a few high - income regions . at present , any kind of radical prostatectomy ( rp ) is the most commonly us...
using the model described below , we simulated average lifetime costs and quality - adjusted life years ( qalys ) for u.s . adults aged 45 years who had no diabetes at baseline under scenarios using alternative fpg thresholds . for each scenario , the fpg threshold was lowered by 5 mg / dl from that in the previous sce...
percutaneous radiofrequency ablation ( rfa ) of liver tumors has been extensively described , and is considered safe and effective mode of treatment with minimal morbidity and mortality . several authors have described minor and major complications as a result of rfa being between 2.2% and 9% , respectively . besides b...
institutional animal care and use committees ( iacucs ) were mandated by congress in 1985 in response to public concern about the welfare of laboratory animals stemming from exposs of abuse in federally funded research laboratories.1 lawmakers stipulated that iacucs should respect society 's concerns regarding the wel...
a 29-year - old obese man is involved in a motor vehicle accident and has a pulmonary contusion that results in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) . he is mechanically ventilated with volume cycle ventilation ( tidal volume , 6 ml / kg ideal body weight ) , a positive end - expiratory pressure of 18 cm...
prolactinomas represent 40% of all pituitary tumors . they are classified according to their size as macroprolactinomas ( > 10 mm ) or microprolactinomas ( < 10 mm ) . treatment is recommended when they are large enough to cause neurologic symptoms and when hyperprolactinemia leads to hypogonadism or galactorrhea . t...
blastocystis is the species name of common intestinal protists identified in the stools of humans and many animals worldwide . although discovered more than 100 years ago , many biological properties of blastocystis are still unresolved . they are probably the most common intestinal protozoa in parasitological surveys ...
anthropologists engaging with international development issues , especially students doing so for the first time , often feel compelled to quote james ferguson s book the anti - politics machine ( 1990 ) , or to at least make the point associated with his work that the aid industry de - politicizes social realities as ...
a total of 3,316 patients were recruited between july 1997 and january 2000 at the ludwigshafen heart center in south - west germany ( 6 ) . inclusion criteria were as follows : german ancestry ; clinical stability , with the exception of acute coronary syndromes ; and the availability of a coronary angiogram . the ind...
cyclin - dependent kinases ( cdks ) can generally be classified into two main groups based on whether their primary role is in the control of cell cycle progression or regulation of transcription . multiple cdks control the cell cycle and are considered essential for normal proliferation , development , and h...
the acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) remains a matter of high concern in critically ill - patients . mortality of the syndrome in the intensive care unit ( icu ) and in - hospital still fluctuates around 40% . treatment of ards involves adequate control of the underlying disease , mechanical ventilation wit...
the challenge of managing thousands of liver transplant survivors , surely still increasing in number , is common in all developed countries . management of liver transplanted patients ( ltps ) aims to prevent and treat any graft disease as well as to improve the quality of a patient s life . during post - transplant f...
a 38-year - old woman underwent uneventful bilateral lasik eye surgery with a superior hinge in august of 2005 . the preoperative refraction was -6.25 ds -0.75 dc ax 15 in the right eye and -3.00 ds -0.75 dc ax 10 in the left eye . the procedure was performed using the moria m2 microkeratome with bilateral 120 m lasik ...
interest in the redox properties of natural products has stimulated many studies focusing on natural products that prevent the destructive effects caused by reactive oxygen species ( ros ) on many biomolecules ( 1 ) . ros are also involved in controlling the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases ( 2,3 ) and may ac...
the faculty by which we are subject to illusion when affected by disease is identical with that which produces illusory effects in sleep . dreams have enjoyed a fluctuating reputation in psychiatry ; their content was once held as the key to all psychopathology but that notion has fallen out of favour with the rise of ...
this was a retrospective study of mr examinations performed in 38 patients [ 20 women and 18 men aged 41 - 86 ( mean , 60.7 ) years ] with spontaneous intracerebral hematoma unrelated to neoplasm , infarction , trauma or coagulopathy . ich was caused by hypertension in 30 patients , ruptured aneurysm in two , and in si...
cigarette smoking is one of the most important and pre - disposing risk factors associated with increasing the total burden of disease , especially chronic and non - communicable diseases , e.g. , cancer and cardiovascular , cerebrovascular , and respiratory diseases . center for disease control , the lung cancer morta...
in principle , proper ap translation after tka facilitates physiologic rollback or posterior slide of the femoral component . pcl - substituting devices prevent early tibiofemoral impingement attributable to excessive pathologic roll - forward or anterior slide . the topic is important because , as illustrated by a rec...
one of the sequelae of traumatic injuries to the young permanent teeth is devitalization of the pulp with concomitant arrest in the further development of the immature roots of the involved teeth . in such teeth , hermetic seal of the root canal system during obturation is not possible , due to the lack of an apical co...
since the cancer and leukemia group b ( calgb ) 9344 and the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project ( nsabp ) b28 trials were reported , four cycles of doxorubicin / cyclophosphamide ( ac ) followed by four cycles of taxane has become a standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for patients with node - positi...
cardiac resynchronization therapy ( crt ) is an established therapy for patients with advanced , congestive heart failure ( chf ) associated with cardiac dyssynchrony . the mechanisms of action of crt are complex , as it interacts with several electromechanical variables , including atrioventricular ( av ) , interventr...
dental implants were introduced in the late 1960s for the rehabilitation of the completely edentulous patients.1,2 through the preliminary studies on osseointegration , dental implants have been extensively used for the rehabilitation of completely or partially edentulous patients over the last three decades.1,3 and th...
pdgf was purified as a molecule released by platelets into the whole blood serum , stimulating the proliferation of various mesenchymal and glial cells , . the mitogenic effect of this growth factor requires that target cells express the receptors for pdgf ( pdgfr ) . the pdgf family consists of four ligands , pdgf - a...
oral squamous cell carcinoma ( oscc ) , with a 5-year survival rate at approximately 50% , is the most frequent entity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma . the occurrence and development of oscc are multi - stage processes , which involve in a variety of changes in genes expression level and signal transduction p...
human pluripotent stem cells ( hpscs ) , including human embryonic stem cells ( hescs ) and human induced pluripotent stem cells ( hipscs ) , are indefinitely self - renewing and pluripotent . these properties make hpscs a promising platform for cell therapy , as well as a possible alternative to organ transplantation ...
transposable elements ( tes ) are dna sequences that occupy large portions of eukaryotic genomes ( de koning et al . 2011 ) and may have significant impacts on organismal biology and evolution ( kazazian 2004 ) . as such , a thorough annotation of tes in newly sequenced genomes is of utmost importance . however , becau...
orthotopic liver transplantation ( olt ) is the most effective and the best therapeutic solution for final stage liver diseases . systemic inflammatory response syndrome(sirs ) often accompanies sepsis , trauma , hypoxia , and ischemia - reperfusion injury ( iri ) [ 24 ] . the activation of mononuclear phagocytes , and...
the conventional methods of bone repair which commonly are used , including autografts and allografts , have their own shortcomings . autografts are limited in terms of the availability of materials and may result in donor site morbidity . using allografts may be more desirable in some cases but the possible immune rea...
adipocytic tumors represent the largest group of soft tissue tumors that have been studied by cytogenetic analysis . in 1986 , the first consistent karyotypic abnormality was discovered in adipocytic tumors [ 13 ] . the current world health organization ( who ) classification of adipocytic tumors includes eleven benign...
previous studies in the uk had identified a greater relative risk for diabetes - related end stage renal failure ( esrf ) in south asians ( those originating from india , pakistan , bangladesh , and sri lanka ) , and suggested that quality of healthcare for south asians is inadequate and compliance poor . there was als...
g - protein coupled receptors ( gpcrs ) represent one of the most important classes of drug targets for pharmaceutical industry and play important roles in cellular signal transduction as cell surface receptor proteins 1 . , 2 .. a gpcr only has a single polypeptide that consists of seven transmembrane -helices , three...
inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) includes a heterogeneous group of immunologically mediated inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract ( git ) with or without extraintestinal manifestations . major members of this group are crohn 's disease ( cd ) and ulcerative colitis ( uc ) . crohn 's disease can direct...
diabetes is a complex chronic condition with serious physical , psychological , and clinical complications for individuals affected . irrespective of the type of diabetes , appropriate self - management is critical if individuals with the condition are to minimise their risk of diabetes complications and ensure improve...
epidermolytic hyperkeratosis ( eh ) is a minor pathologic reaction pattern of skin , first described by ackerman in 1970 . this pattern has been observed incidentally in a variety of benign and malignant skin lesions or hereditary disorders . eh has been found in tissue adjacent to and within melanocytic lesions , prog...
spondyloarthritis defined a group of inflammatory joint diseases which have a genetical , clinical and progressive profile , different from the one of the rheumatoid arthritis . ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory chronic systemic disease , which affects predominantly the sacroiliac joints and the axial skeleton ...
western disorders has increased dramatically worldwide over the past half - century , including obesity , diabetes , colorectal cancer , and inflammatory bowel diseases ( ibd ) [ 14 ] . the centers for disease control and prevention reports that , in the united states alone , 1/3 of adults are obese while 1.4 million a...
the human skin and soft tissue infections ( sstis ) caused by microbial pathogens during or after trauma , burn injuries , and surgical procedures result in the production of pus , a white to yellow fluid comprised of dead wbcs , cellular debris , and necrotic tissues [ 13 ] . both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria have b...
failed back surgery syndrome ( fbss ) is a term used to define an unsatisfactory outcome of a patient who underwent spinal surgery , irrespective of type or intervention area , with persistent pain in the lumbosacral region with or without it radiating to the leg.1,2 pain may appear after surgery and persist despite th...
pre - coated orthodontic brackets ( pobs ) are a new generation of brackets designed to reduce chair - side time and thereby increase work efficiency . however , their bonding characteristics are still questionable and need to be scientifically evaluated . pobs ( apc ; 3 m unitek dental products , monrovia , ca , usa )...
swine have served as an important biomedical model for humans for decades ; previous authors have summarized such models in more detail 1 - 5 . limitations on reference citations for this review has meant that only the most recent will be cited to cover the latest developments and the broadest range of current pig mode...
aortic dissection is a relatively common acute emergency affecting 2 - 3 per 100,000 people per year . the exact location of the pain varies with regards to which area of the aorta is affected . however , in a small number of cases , aortic dissection occurs gradually thereby not prompting the patient to seek medical c...
uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy and the leading primary intraocular disease which can be fatal in adults . in the general population it is uncommon with an incidence of 5.310.9 cases per million population per years [ 1 , 2 ] . there has been no change in the incidence of uveal melanoma...
despite its success in controlling hiv-1 infection and disease progression , antiretroviral drug therapy requires a life - long commitment and it is still associated with considerable comorbidities . thus , the development of strategies to completely eradicate or to control hiv infection without daily drug intake is a ...
the global prevalence of high - fat diets has led to an epidemic of obesity , insulin - resistance , and type 2 diabetes . one - third of children presenting with diabetes are diagnosed as type 2 , a clinical diagnosis formerly rare in children , and often attributed to obesity - induced insulin - resistance . systemat...
microalbuminuria is a marker of systemic endothelial dysfunction . in the general population , it predicts multiple outcomes , including type 2 diabetes , hypertension , chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases , metabolic syndrome ( mets ) , and all - cause , cardiovascular , and renal mortality [ 25 ] . during pube...
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/ dysplasia ( arvc / d ) is a myocardial disease in which myocardium of the right ventricular free wall is partially or almost entirely replaced by fatty or fibro - fatty tissue ( 13 ) . the anterior right ventricular outflow tract , the apex , and the inferior - posterior...
the occurrence of malignant tumors during pregnancy gradually increases in women at reproductive age , and lymphoma ranks the fourth among the gestational tumors . lymphoma rarely occurs during pregnancy , with an incidence rate in 1 of 6,000 deliveries or fewer 2- 4 . lymphoma during pregnancy is easily neglecte...
branch retinal vein occlusion ( brvo ) is the second most common retinal vascular disorder . decreased visual acuity in brvo is due to intraretinal hemorrhage and macular edema ( me ) , capillary nonperfusion , and vitreous hemorrhage from new vessels . one study reported that 60% of brvo patients experience me . with ...
an individual s risk of infection can depend both on the individual s own risk and protective factors and those of individuals in same community . for example , it is well known that the direct effect of a vaccine can lower a vaccinee s susceptibility to infection , while widespread vaccination could confer indirect pr...
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle , lupus ) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by diffuse immune inflammation damage on connective tissue . lupus occurs ten times more often in women compared to men , and annual direct medical costs of adult patients with active sle are very high [ 2 , 3 ] . current...
malocclusion is one of the most common tooth development anomalies , which usually manifests itself during childhood as a malalignment of teeth or an improper relationship of dental arches [ 1 , 2 ] . some researchers believe that malocclusion is a deviation from a normal esthetic appearance rather than a health disord...
during recent decades the concept of surgical treatment of malignant bone and soft tissue sarcomas has progressively evolved , and the preservation of the uninvolved parts of the extremities and the achievement of an acceptable limb function have become a major goal of oncological and reconstructive surgery . the foot ...
this descriptive study was developed in vitria , southeast brazil , from a set of biological samples obtained over a two - year period ( august 2007-august 2009 ) as a part of the respiratory virus surveillance program of the ministry of health , brazil . nasopharyngeal aspirates ( npas ) were collected from patien...
diabetic macular edema ( dme ) results from the exuding and accumulation of extracellular liquid and proteins in the macula13 following structural changes to the endothelium of the retinal blood vessels that lead to the rupture of the hematoretinal barrier and thus to an increase in vascular permeability.4 the patholog...
the use of recombinant proteins as biological drugs has been known for the past three decades ; however , this field is continuously emerging and in the last decade an increasing number of new biologic entities ( biologics ) in the area of cytokines were developed . biologics can be an antibody which neutralizes an inf...
the sample comprised homeless persons ( n = 89 ) who participated in a reintegration process in a public center in zaragoza city . they were chosen from 97 people who participated in a reintegration process , based on the following criteria : ( a ) being homeless ; ( b ) voluntary admission at the center ; ( c ) stay i...
given the recent advances in dna sequencing technology , phylogeographical analysis of molecular variation has become an increasingly important approach for finding clues to the interplay of ecological factors , dispersal , and evolution ( beaumont et al . 2010 ) . analysis of the transmission patterns and genetic popu...
urinary incontinence ( ui ) is a common problem , about 20 to 30 percent of adult women population worldwide of all ages with different severity and manifestation ( 1 ) . this disorder is defined by the international continence society as a complaint of involuntary loss of urine ( 2 ) . the prevalence of incontinence...
the goal of orthodontic treatment is to improve the patient 's life through enhancement of dentofacial functions and esthetics . anchorage , defined as a resistance to unwanted tooth movement , is a prerequisite for the orthodontic treatment of dental and skeletal malocclusions [ 2 , 3 ] . however , even a small reacti...

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