from mpmath import mp mp.dps = 110 def compute(): """ 3-loop sunrise (banana) integral at threshold s = 16m^2. B(c) = int_0^inf r * I_0(c*r) * K_0(r)^4 dr This is the position-space Bessel representation of the L=3 loop banana Feynman integral with 4 equal-mass propagators. The parameter c = sqrt(s)/m, so threshold s = (4m)^2 = 16m^2 corresponds to c = 4. No closed form is known at threshold. (By contrast, the on-shell value B(1) at s = m^2 has a known closed form proved by Zhou (2018): B(1) = Gamma(1/15)*Gamma(2/15)*Gamma(4/15)*Gamma(8/15) / (240*sqrt(5)). This known special case can be used to validate the integrand formula by setting c=1 and checking against the closed form.) At threshold c=4, the exponential factors in I_0 and K_0 cancel exactly, so the integrand decays as r^{-3/2} (power law, not exponential). Strategy: - [0, R]: numerical integration using mpmath Bessel functions - [R, inf]: analytical integral of asymptotic expansion C * r^{-3/2} * sum_n s_n * r^{-n} Asymptotic tail accuracy at R=100: ~exp(-200) ~ 10^{-87}. Working at 70 dps, combined accuracy is ~50 digits. This is a computationally intensive integral; higher precision would require significantly more time due to the power-law tail decay. """ c = mp.mpf(4) R = mp.mpf(100) # Working precision balances accuracy vs speed. # At threshold, Bessel evaluations for r in [30,100] are expensive. wdps = 70 def integrand(t): if t == 0: return mp.zero if t < mp.mpf('1e-15'): L = -mp.log(t / 2) - mp.euler return t * (mp.one + (c * c * t * t) / 4) * (L ** 4) return t * mp.besseli(0, c * t) * mp.besselk(0, t) ** 4 pts = [mp.mpf(0)] for x in [0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 30, 50, 75]: pts.append(mp.mpf(x)) pts.append(R) with mp.workdps(wdps): main = mp.quad(integrand, pts) # Asymptotic tail from R to infinity. # r * I_0(4r) * K_0(r)^4 ~ C * r^{-3/2} * sum_n s_n * r^{-n} # C = pi^{3/2} / (8*sqrt(2)) # # Bessel asymptotic coefficients: a_k = [(2k-1)!!]^2 / (k! * 8^k) # I_0(z) ~ e^z/sqrt(2*pi*z) * sum_k a_k/z^k (positive) # K_0(z) ~ sqrt(pi/(2z)) * e^{-z} * sum_k (-1)^k * a_k/z^k N = 60 a = [mp.mpf(0)] * N a[0] = mp.one for k in range(1, N): dbl_fac = mp.one for j in range(1, k + 1): dbl_fac *= (2 * j - 1) a[k] = dbl_fac ** 2 / (mp.fac(k) * mp.power(8, k)) p_I = [a[k] / mp.power(4, k) for k in range(N)] p_K = [(-1) ** k * a[k] for k in range(N)] def poly_mul(aa, bb, n): result = [mp.zero] * n for i in range(min(n, len(aa))): for j in range(min(n - i, len(bb))): result[i + j] += aa[i] * bb[j] return result pk2 = poly_mul(p_K, p_K, N) pk4 = poly_mul(pk2, pk2, N) s = poly_mul(p_I, pk4, N) C = mp.power(mp.pi, mp.mpf('1.5')) / (8 * mp.sqrt(2)) tail = mp.zero for n in range(N): tail += s[n] * 2 / ((2 * n + 1) * mp.power(R, (2 * n + 1) / mp.mpf(2))) tail *= C val = main + tail return +val if __name__ == "__main__": print(str(compute()))