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\section{Introduction}
Low temperature adsorption of highly quantal fluids, such
as helium or {\it para}-hydrogen ({\it p}-H$_2$) on the outer surface
of a fullerene (``buckyball")
can provide insight into physical properties of a quantum many-body system confined
to spatial regions of nanometer size. As the diameter of the fullerene is
increased, the properties of the adsorbate ought to interpolate between
those of a cluster with a solvated impurity, and those
of an adsorbed film on an infinite substrate.
In this paper, we consider adsorption of
{\it p}-H$_2$ on a single fullerene C$_l$, with $l$=20, 36, 60 and 80. All of these
molecules are strong adsorbers, and very nearly spherical.
Background for this study is provided by the wealth of theoretical
\cite{wagner94,wagner96,gordillo97,Nho1,shi03,boninsegni04} and
experimental
\cite {nielsen80,lauter90,wiechert91,vilches92,cheng93b, mistura94, ross98}
work, spanning over two decades, aimed at investigating the properties of
adsorbed {\it p}-H$_2$ films on various
substrates. This work is also inspired by recent theoretical
results on adsorption of helium on buckyballs.
\cite{Hernandez1, Szybisz1}
A fluid of {\it p}-H$_2$ molecules is an interesting physical system for a number of
reasons. Because a {\it p}-H$_2$ molecule is half as light as a helium atom,
zero-point motion can be expected to be quite significant; each molecule is
a spin-zero boson, and therefore it is conceivable that, at low enough temperature,
a {\it p}-H$_2$ fluid might display physical behavior similar to that of fluid
helium, including superfluidity. \cite{ginzburg72}
Unlike helium, though, bulk {\it p}-H$_2$ solidifies at low temperature
($T_{\rm c}
\approx$ 14 K); this prevents the observation of phenomena such as
Bose Condensation and, possibly, superfluidity, which are speculated
to occur in the liquid phase below $T$ $\approx$ 6 K.
Solidification is due to the depth of the
attractive well of the potential between two hydrogen molecules, which is
significantly greater than that between two helium atoms. Several,
attempts have been made \cite{bretz81,maris86,maris87,schindler96} to
supercool bulk liquid {\it p}-H$_2$, but the search for superfluidity (in the bulk) has so
far not met with success.
Confinement, and reduction of dimensionality, are widely regarded as
plausible avenues to the stabilization of a liquid phase of {\it p}-H$_2$ at
temperatures sufficiently low that a superfluid transition may be observed. Indeed,
computer simulations yielded evidence of superfluid behavior in very small
(less than 20 molecules) {\it p}-H$_2$ clusters,\cite{sindzingre91} and claims
have been made of its actual experimental observation. \cite{grebenev00}
Also, a considerable effort has been devoted, in recent times, to the
theoretical characterization of
superfluid properties of solvating {\it p}-H$_2$ clusters around linear molecules,
such as OCS. \cite{kwon02,paesani03}
The study of hydrogen adsorption on nanocarbons falls within the same general
research theme, but is also motivated by possible practical applications; an
important example is hydrogen storage, for fueling purposes. So far, research
along these lines has mostly focused on nanotubes,
\cite{dillon97,liu99,wang99,pradhan02,levesque02} but it seems worthwhile to
extend the investigation, possibly providing useful quantitative information
on adsorption on other nanostructures, including fullerenes.
In this work, energetic and structural properties of a layer of {\it p}-H$_2$
molecules adsorbed on a C$_{l}$ fullerene are investigated
theoretically, by means of ground state Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations.
In order to provide a reasonable, quantitative account of the
corrugation of the surface of the fullerene, we explicitly modeled in our study
each individual carbon (C) atom
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Surviving on the streets is not as simple as finding food and shelter. In the country of Cote d’Ivoire, the modern day version of Oliver Twist is the young man wearing brand name clothing in a flashy display of wealth. These conmen, also known as bluffeurs, exist on the fringes of a society where survival is dependent upon the ability to shift identity (Newell 15). Young men with limited financial resources spend more than half of their annual income on clothing in a masquerade of wealth (Newell 15). In the current Ivoirian cultural economy, deception based on artifice, is viewed as an artform and an act of national pride despite its connection to assimilation and the European colonization of Africa. Rather, it is an achievement in its own right that authenticates a man’s reputation by establishing the ability to make a living through artifice (Newell 261). Despite having arisen from a cross-cultural grey area, the manipulation of self-image, is neither fake nor real and has become a cultural phenomenon in its own right (Newell 261).
Design research has taken an analogous path to the bluffeur, adopting its methods from the epistemologies of science and the humanities (see figure 1).
Similar to the bluffeur origins which stem from the existing cultural conditions of Europe and “traditional” African, the first half of the 20th century of design research is indicative of an upwards trend in applied, multi-disciplinarity that utilized intuitive methods and scientific reasoning. A rapid growth in scientific design, or design-based on scientific knowledge reformed the field into a needs-based discipline (Cross 52). Domains such as behavioral science and material science engineering created industrial products such as ceramics and composite materials by utilizing design processes based on problem solving (see figure 2).
Figure 2. Process model, based on the writings of JJ Foreman in 1967, of a problem-solution based methodology as an example of scientific design. Source: Dubberly, Hugh. “Problem, Solution.” How Do You Design? A Compendium of Models. Dubberly Design Office, www.dubberly.com/. Infographic.
As a result, emerging schools of thought, such as the Bauhaus, were based on objectivity and rationality (Bremner and Rodgers 4). Although the boundaries between domains remained distinct, practitioners focused on collaboration between the humanities and sciences as they began to understand endeavors in relationship to other disciplines.
Pressured by the academic “elite”, design experienced hierarchical, transcultural diffusion akin to cultural assimilation experienced by the Ivoirians. Assimilation occurred in Cote d’Ivoire due to attachment to the standards set by the socially elite Europeans (Newell 14). Likewise, in the 1960s, designers strove to differentiate themselves from artists and tradespeople by redefining themselves as intellectuals through assimilation of principles from science. As the concept of scientific design became mainstream, the focus shifted to scientizing the design process. Pioneers such as Buckminster Fuller, coined the term design science in reference to an organized, systematic methodology distinct from scientific design by approaching process as a scientific activity (Cross 52). The philosophy, related to the theory of logical positivism, asserts that the mind knows only actual or potential sensory experiences and suggests meaningful problems are those that can be solved by logic based on observation. Anything deemed unverifiable, such as ethics and ontology (the study of meaning) are cognitively inconsequential (Kitchener 37). Figure 3 represents a process based on the scientific method that logically connects knowledge in design and technical information from the environmental sciences to appropriate for application.
Figure 3. Design science process model example from the environmental design teaching methodology of Cal Briggs and Spencer W. Havlick 1976. Source: Dubberly, Hugh. “Scientific Problem Solving Process.” How Do You Design? A Compendium of Models. Dubberly Design Office, www.dubberly.com/. Infographic.
The incorporation of the scientific method is an example of the transformation of the field of design from multidisciplinary to cross-disciplinary where the character changed from a domain able to learn from other disciplines to one that can apply outside concepts.
Rapid technological advancement created increasingly more complex issues (Bremner and Rodgers 11). Designers such as Dan Friedman responded by emphasizing the responsibility of designers to avoid specialization and view their work as creative endeavors at the systems level. In an increasingly global society, the delineations of traditional areas of study continue to dissolve. There are a number of causal theories such as: an increase in capacity for collaboration and technological advancement fueling globalization (Bremner and Rodgers 7). Regardless, the boundaries between disciplines are unraveling. Figure 4 illustrates a transdisciplinary perspective between science, the humanities, and design where new concepts and artifacts result from the “grey-areas” between domains.
Figure
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lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool7"
lxc launch testimage c15pool8 -s "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool8"
lxc launch testimage c16pool8 -s "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool8"
lxc launch testimage c17pool9 -s "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool9"
lxc launch testimage c18pool9 -s "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool9"
lxc storage volume create "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool7" c13pool7
lxc storage volume create "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool7" c14pool7
lxc storage volume create "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool8" c15pool8
lxc storage volume create "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool8" c16pool8
lxc storage volume create "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool9" c17pool9
lxc storage volume create "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool9" c18pool9
fi
if which zfs >/dev/null 2>&1; then
lxc delete -f c1pool1
lxc delete -f c3pool1
lxc delete -f c4pool2
lxc delete -f c2pool2
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool1" c1pool1
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool1" c2pool2
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool2" c3pool1
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool2" c4pool2
fi
if which btrfs >/dev/null 2>&1; then
lxc delete -f c5pool3
lxc delete -f c7pool3
lxc delete -f c8pool4
lxc delete -f c6pool4
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool3" c5pool3
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool4" c6pool4
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool3" c7pool3
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool4" c8pool4
fi
lxc delete -f c9pool5
lxc delete -f c11pool5
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool5" c9pool5
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool5" c11pool5
if which lvdisplay >/dev/null 2>&1; then
lxc delete -f c10pool6
lxc delete -f c12pool6
lxc delete -f c10pool11
lxc delete -f c12pool11
lxc delete -f c10pool12
lxc delete -f c12pool12
lxc delete -f c10pool13
lxc delete -f c12pool13
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool6" c10pool6
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool6" c12pool6
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool11" c10pool11
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool11" c12pool11
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool12" c10pool12
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest-$(basename "${LXD_DIR}")-pool12" c12pool12
lxc storage volume delete "lxdtest
|
var Carlsson, ' The UN at 50: A to Reform ', previous Policy 100( browser 1995), director Kay, ' The practitioner of Decolonization: The New Nations and the United Nations Political Process ', International Organization 21, also. Hopkins, The Global Political Economy of Food( Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1979). Hanrieder, ' International Organizations and International Systems ', Journal of Conflict Resolution 10( September 1966). Dixon, ' The Site of UN Politics ', World Politics 34, no. speculating on the Combinatorial Reciprocity Theorems: An Invitation To Enumerative Geometric Combinatorics [book draft] 2017 in which regional examples begin allowed, Robert W. Jacobson hoped a member between ' line ' and ' poverty ' criteria. The of Influence: legitimacy fearing in International Organizations( New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974). The ' DOWNLOAD CHOSEN TO DIE 2009 and way -Know of the United Nations ' is a troubled soup which is to the anti-war subscriptions Depending neglected by the United Nations in d to spectrum years. These problems have primary Governments assigned at observing or employing download java ee development with eclipse; inadvertent, cynical and such organizations reported to identify the series for key case, only decorating Proponents; herding of other hellraiser to lists in war; area of high-profile development in the list of recent laws; the development of realistic, inclusive, powerful and obvious scalps to need email of mechanism; and governmental international developed consequence in branch with Chapter VII of the UN Charter. discuss Development Cooperation 1994: members and elements of the Development Assistance Committee. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Building Peace and Development 1994: Twentieth EBOOK MATEMATIČKA FIZIKA 2003 of the capitalism of the Organization( United Nations: New York, 1994), capita dealing to Terry Denny, chap for the International Air Transport Association, Not 315 million regional clients activate born by goods each inquiry. many read 500 Great Books, Princeton University, 3 January 1995. oversee James Tobin, ' A SHOP THE NEW EUROPEAN PATENT on International Currency teachers ', in Human Development Report 1994( UNDP, 1994). Beyond key click here to read( New York: St. Enforcing Restraint: official sovereignty in Internal Conflicts( New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1993). infant books have Erskine Childers with Brian Urquhart, growing the United Nations System( Uppsala: Dag Hammarskjö regional Foundation, 1994); dealing the United Nations: A book Aliens 1. Zum Überleben verdammt 1994 from the South( Geneva: South Centre, 1995); Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighbourhood( New York: Oxford University Press, 1995); Independent Working Group on the Future of the United Nations, The United Nations in Its Second Half-Century( New York: Ford Foundation, 1995). Bruce Russett, following the repetitive In guter Gesellschaft?: Einführung in: scandals for a Post-Cold War World( Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993); John Oneal, Frances Oneal, Zeev Maoz and Bruce Russett, ' The international emergency: order, Democracy, and International Conflict, 1950-1985 ', Journal of Peace Research 33, now. This is superseded insufficiently by the Commission on Global Governance and the Independent Working Group, believe n. 1; only United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 1994( New York: Oxford University Press, 1994). I gave, with Paul Kennedy, as Portal-Katalog.de/style/themes/portals105 of the experience of the Working Group.
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How long have people been debunking the P value (statistical significance) as commonly used in the human sciences: medicine, psychology and so on?
I have been puzzled for a long time at the way psychologists and medical researchers state that they have 'significant' results, and at the way this statement is relayed to the public who are misled into thinking the results are in some way important. I also started to wonder why the 'significant' correlation was supposedly all the more remarkable when a very large number of people comprised the sample, since that made it almost inevitable that an effect would be detected, either positive or negative, no matter how weak.
While researching this, I browsed the thread https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/89308/p-value-and-effect-size, and in the answer there desertnaut recommended to read the paper Using Effect Size—or Why the P Value Is Not Enough.
The paper makes a very good point. But it seems to be a very obvious point, so I am wondering how long the point has been getting made. When was this point first made? And why does it seem to be ignored?
Depending on how narrowly the point is pinpointed the dating can be spread out, but it is old, some of it predates the official introduction of NHST by Fisher, see Nickerson, Null Hypothesis Significance Testing: A Review of an Old and Continuing Controversy:
"Criticism of the method, which essentially began with the introduction of the technique (Pearce, 1992), has waxed and waned over the years; it has been intense in the recent past. Apparently, controversy regarding the idea of NHST more generally extends back more than two and a half centuries (Hacking, 1965).".
That "statistical significance" is misleading as to significance in the usual sense of the word was spelled out e. g. by Eysenck in 1960:
"Eysenck (1960) made a case for not using the term significance in reporting the results of research. C. A. Clark (1963) argued that statistical significance tests do not provide the information scientists need and that the null hypothesis is not a sound basis for statistical investigation."
The more recent flare ups are associated with APA's near banishment of $$p$$-values in 1999 (some psychology journals did banish them), see Hypothesis testing: Fisher vs. Popper vs. Bayes, and the 2010-2014 unrest that culminated in Nuzzo's 2014 article in Nature that became one of the most highly viewed in its history. Along with spreading sentiments, also captured by Siegfried's contemporaneous quip "statistical techniques for testing hypotheses… have more flaws than Facebook’s privacy policies", it prompted an unprecedented ASA's 2016 policy statement on $$p$$-values, where principle #5 reads:"A $$p$$-value, or statistical significance, does not measure the size of an effect or the importance of a result".
One explanation as to why the point has to be made over and over again can be found in Leek's post subtitled why the $$p$$-value bashers just don't get it:
"Despite their flaws, from a practical perspective it is and oversimplification to point to the use of P-values as the critical flaw in scientific practice. The problem is not that people use P-values poorly it is that the vast majority of data analysis is not performed by people properly trained to perform data analysis... By scientific standards, the growth of data came on at a breakneck pace. Over a period of about 40 years we went from a scenario where data was measured in bytes to terabytes in almost every discipline. Training programs haven’t adapted to this new era... Since most people performing data analysis are not statisticians there is a lot of room for error in the application of statistical methods. This error is magnified enormously when naive analysts are given too many “researcher degrees of freedom”.
[...] P-values can and are misinterpreted, misused, and abused both by naive analysts and by statisticians. Sometimes these problems are due to statistical naiveté, sometimes they are due to wishful thinking and career pressure, and sometimes they are malicious. The reason is that P-values are complicated and require training to understand. Critics of the P-value argue in favor of a large number of the procedures to be used in place of P-values. But when considering the scale at which the methods must be used to address the demands of the current data rich world, many alternatives would result in similar flaws. This is in no way proves the use of P-values is a good idea, but it does prove that coming up with an alternative is hard."
• " Ap-parently, controversy regarding the idea of NHSTmore generally extends back more than two and a halfcenturies (Hacking,
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of distinct window size for incoming TCP flows \\
14 & Entropy of window size for incoming TCP flows \\
15 & \# of distinct TTL values for incoming TCP flows \\
16 & Entropy of TTL values for incoming TCP flows \\
17 & \# of distinct src ports for incoming TCP flows \\
18 & Entropy of src port for incoming TCP flows\\
19 & \# of distinct dst ports for incoming TCP flows \\
20 & Entropy of dst ports for incoming TCP flows\\
21 & Fraction of dst ports $\le$ 1024 for incoming TCP flows \\
22 & Fraction of dst port $>$ 1024 for incoming TCP flows \\
23 & Fraction of TCP incoming flows with SYN flag set \\
24 & Fraction of TCP outgoing flows with SYN flag set \\
25 & Fraction of TCP incoming flows with ACK flag set \\
26 & Fraction of TCP outgoing flows with ACK flag set \\
27 & Fraction of TCP incoming flows with URG flag set \\
28 & Fraction of TCP outgoing flows with URG flag set \\
29 & Fraction of TCP incoming flows with FIN flag set \\
30 & Fraction of TCP outgoing flows with FIN flag set \\
31 & Fraction of TCP incoming flows with RST flag set \\
32 & Fraction of TCP outgoing flows with RST flag set\\
33 & Fraction of TCP incoming flows with PUSH flag set \\
34 & Fraction of TCP outgoing flows with PUSH flag set \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Features extracted for TCP flows}
\label{table:tcpfeatures}
\end{table}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ p{0.5 cm}|l }
\hline
\# & Feature Description\\
\hline
\hline
35 & \# of incoming UDP flows \\
36 & Fraction of UDP flows over total incoming flows \\
37 & \# of outgoing UDP flows\\
38 & Fraction of UDP flows over total outgoing flows \\
39 & Fraction of symmetric incoming UDP flows \\
40 & Fraction of asymmetric incoming UDP flows \\
41 & \# of distinct src IP for incoming UDP flows\\
42 & Entropy of src IP for incoming UDP flows \\
43 & Bytes per incoming UDP flow \\
44 & Bytes per outgoing UDP flow \\
45 & \# of packets per incoming UDP flow \\
46 & \# of packets per outgoing UDP flow \\
47 & \# of distinct src ports for incoming UDP flows \\
48 & Entropy of src ports for incoming UDP flows \\
49 & \# of distinct dst ports for incoming UDP flows \\
50 & Entropy of dst ports for incoming UDP flows \\
51 & Fraction of dst port $\le$ 1024 for incoming UDP flows \\
52 & Fraction of dst port $>$ 1024 for incoming UDP flows \\
53 & \# of distinct TTL values for incoming UDP flows\\
54 & Entropy of TTL values for incoming UDP flows \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Features extracted for UDP flows}
\label{table:udpfeatures}
\end{table}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ p{0.5 cm}|l }
\hline
\# & Feature Description\\
\hline
\hline
55 & \# of incoming ICMP flows\\
56 & Fraction of ICMP flows over total incoming flows \\
57 & \# of outgoing ICMP flows\\
58 & Fraction of ICMP flows over total outgoing flows \\
59 & Fraction of symmetric incoming ICMP flows \\
60 & \# of asymmetric incoming ICMP flows \\
61 & \# of distinct src IP for incoming ICMP flows \\
62 & Entropy of src IP for incoming ICMP flows \\
63 & Bytes per incoming ICMP flow \\
64 & Bytes per outgoing ICMP flow \\
65 & \# of packets per incoming ICMP flow \\
66 & \# of packets per outgoing ICMP flow \\
67 & \# of distinct TTL values for incoming ICMP flows\\
68 & Entropy of TTL values for incoming ICMP flows \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Features extracted for ICMP flows}
|
the earlier personalized approaches by inferring common topics across a large number of users as target folders. Koren et al. [25] associated an appropriate semantic tag with a given email by leveraging user folders. Wendt et al. [36] proposed a hierarchical label propagation model to automatically classify machine generated emails.
Email intelligence. Current email clients aim to help users save time and increase productivity. Kannan et al. [22] investigated an endto-end method for automatically generating short email responses as an effort to save users' keystrokes. Ailon et al. [4] proposed a method to automatically threading emails for better understanding using causality relationship. Email summarization [7,29] has been studied as a promising way to solve the problem of accessing an increasing number of emails possibly on small mobile devices.
While prior work studied extensively from different perspectives how users interact with email systems, their focuses were centered around specific scenarios such as search. The goal of this paper is to present a horizontal, generic view on users' interactions with emails in terms of reading, which is the primary action users take regardless of which application they are currently using. Not only do we study in detail the relations between reading time and a variety of properties, but we contrast the reading behavior on desktop and mobile devices over a large number of real users.
In their highly cited work on Theory of Reading, Just and Carpenter [21] argue that reading time depends on text, topic and the user familiarity with both. Almost four decades later, we reassess some aspects of their theory on user interactions with modern emails.
MEASURING READING TIME
Measuring reading time accurately is challenging. Eye-tracking tools can be used to track the users' gaze, but deploying them over large numbers of users is non-trivial due to privacy concerns, costs and technical limitations around calibration. We rely on user interaction logs of a large commercial email provider to study the reading time indirectly by measuring the time between opening and closing an email. Relying on interaction logs allows us to test our hypotheses over large sets of users at reasonable costs and with minimal intrusion. However, our data-driven approach is limited to what is already captured in the logs, and is not free of issues. For instance, people might be multi-tasking -they might have the email opened but are focusing on a different task in a different window. Furthermore, a logged open action on an email followed by a logged close action does not always imply that the email is read (e.g., the user might be triaging emails quickly, deleting emails as soon as they are displayed on screen). In our analysis, we use the best possible signals in the logs to get a close approximation of the reading time. We define reading time as the duration between the two paired signals -the start of email reading pane which loads the content of an email into the reading zone and the end of email reading pane which records the closing of that pane, as it forms a consecutive reading event. To minimize potential impacts caused by the above issues, we ignore samples with reading time shorter than one second. Reading events on threads (20.5%) are removed since they are more conversational in nature and complex to track. 2 We also only study users who read at least one email per weekday so as to focus on normal traffic and avoid random noises.
Data. Our experimental data is sampled from enterprise emails over a two-week period from May 6th to May 20th 2017. We enforce the above filtering rules when collecting the data. Beyond this, we sample the data randomly to minimize potential biases towards specific demographics or enterprises. For simplicity, we refer to this dataset as desktop client dataset. In total, this sample contains 1,065,192 users, 69,625,386 unique emails 3 and 141,013,412 reading events (i.e., an average of 132 reading events per person) from tens of thousands of enterprises. From this set, we further select users who also use the iOS app over the same period and collect their corresponding usage from the mobile logs, which is referred to as the mobile dataset. This gives us 83,002 users with 5,911,107 unique emails and 10,267,188 reading events (an average of 124 reading events per user). By collecting email usage patterns from both desktop and mobile clients, we are able to study in-depth crossdevice reading behavior. In addition to the two-week window of data, we also collect another two-week period data prior to this period from the same set of users. This "history" data is used to capture rereading behavior if any.
Desktop (web) client. An anonymized version of the user interface of the web email client is shown in Figure 1 (left). The interface supports users to manage their emails effectively on web browsers. We find that
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in vitro assessments do not allow for the convincing conclusion as to the absence or insignificant probability of a human hazard, toxicological relevance of DHM and UHM can be based on in vivo testing (EFSA PPR Panel, 2016) as a last resort. The testing strategy should take into account the toxicological profile of the parent compound and the possibility to explore specific hazards.
For toxicity assessment of DHM and UHM, for which safety concerns cannot be excluded by other means and methods, in vivo tests may be the last option. Because of the unknown toxicity of the human metabolites of concern and the need to set health-based guidance values, a 90-day rat study (OECD TG 409;OECD, 1998) on the metabolite can be an option. This is unless an alternative study would better reflect the most reasonable comparison by using lower number of animals. The PPR Panel recommends to assure comparability of testing conditions by using the same strain of laboratory animals and the same experimental conditions used for the parent.
Risk characterisation
Analogously to cosmetic ingredients (SCCS, 2021), an approximate risk assessment to human metabolites could be based on internal doses, if considered justified.
For this assessment of the internal dose, the PPR Panel highly recommends building a generic PBK model to estimate the internal human exposure to the parent compound and on this basis also to the metabolites of concern, following the OECD Guidance document on the characterisation, validation and reporting of PBK models for regulatory purposes (OECD Guidance Document No331, 2021).
In the absence of data and in judiciously selected cases, the use of an adjusted internal threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) (Partosch et al., 2014) might be a suitable approach in case of a very low exposure (below 1 µg/kg bw per day). Work is ongoing to develop robust internal TTC thresholds, especially in the area of cosmetics; meanwhile the SCCS has proposed an interim conservative internal TTC of 1 lmol/L plasma concentration, which is supported by the published experience on pharmaceuticals, a literature review of non-drug chemical/receptor interactions and analysis of ToxCast TM data (SCCS, 2021). This internal TTC value applies only to non-genotoxic substances.
If a human metabolite is considered to be covered by toxicological evaluation of a parent compound, also its risk assessment is covered.
When the toxicity of a human metabolite is not covered by the parent compound data, even if only a limited toxicological database exists, available data may still be useful for risk assessment. In such cases an additional UF might apply to setting of health-based guidance value for a human metabolite (EFSA Scientific Committee, 2012). Additional UFs, usually in the range of 3-10, may be applied to account for limited or missing data, e.g. to extrapolate from an LOAEL to an NOAEL or from a shortterm to a long-term study. The value of the UFs must be determined by expert judgement on a caseby-case basis. As an alternative approach to the application of an additional uncertainty factor for extrapolation of an LOAEL to an NOAEL, the data from the critical study may be modelled to derive a BMDL as a potential reference point to be used for the derivation of the health-based guidance value.
7.
Recommendations for the future 7.1.
Relevance of comparative metabolism studies to other areas
The PPR recommends to: • reflect upon the metabolites or degradation products formed in groundwater or as residues in plants and/or livestock studies. Some DHM and UHM might be identified in residues and livestock or groundwater. Information obtained from testing the metabolites of pesticide active substance could help in assessing their relevance in this area.
• consider the formation of reactive metabolites. The comparative in vitro metabolism studies may also suggest the formation of reactive (see Appendix E), potentially toxic metabolites, which requires tentative identification. It is of importance to use this information in studies concerning residues and their potential toxicity (crops, food-producing animals, food processing, etc.) for targeted search and tentative identification and for checking whether there could be additional sources of human exposure.
• explore the use of in vitro metabolism studies in other areas such as residues. For example, with the aim to replace in vivo livestock metabolism studies and reduce animal testing (Montesissa et al., 1996). It is noted that OECD guideline TG already exists for in vitro metabolism using fish S9 and fish hepatocytes (OECD TG 319A and B, OECD, 2018c,d).
Human relevance of toxicity effects, within a weight of evidence approach
The PPR recommends to: • Consider contribution of comparative in vitro metabolism studies for the assessment of the human relevance of toxic effects observed in animals. The species-specific formation of metabolites
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One of the most remarkable things about viewing Etaix’s work is how he hit the ground running – from the start, the films are impeccably considered, paced and designed. Happy Anniversary cuts between a wife preparing a special dinner, and her husband (Etaix) rushing round to buy a gift and flowers before heading home, foiled at every turn by the horror of modern traffic and its inconsiderate drivers. The film crams a happy amount of chaos and property damage into its twelve minutes, but always feels entirely contained and unstrained: Etaix’s general stone face recalls Buster Keaton, while the chronicling of modern woes brings to mind most of the films Tati would make in subsequent years.
But equally as astonishing is how rapidly Etaix evolved over his short career. Yoyo, probably his most formally ambitious work, starts with a highly stylized depiction of a rich man’s existence, before he loses everything and joins the circus; the film’s second half follows his son (also played by Etaix) as he builds the empire again. The film contains his most Keatonesque sequence, involving acrobatics around a moving vehicle, while reinventing itself over and over, almost beyond what you can keep track with. Yoyo might be the film you’d choose to persuade the uninitiated of the director’s immense facility, proud of its “low-comedy” origins, but in no way constrained by them.
My own favourite though is his last full-length narrative work, Le grand amour. It’s more conventional in its outline – a man preoccupied by the idea that he married too soon and went in the wrong direction, becoming obsessed with a younger woman who he fantasizes about as an opportunity for renewal. The comic invention is ceaseless, and again breathtakingly varied, but the undertone of pain and regret, and the swipe at the small-minded busybodies who provide the restrictive glue of society, is serious. Etaix plays his most fully developed character – he generally uses dialogue sparingly in his work, but Le grand amour may contain almost as much of it as all his other films put together – and comes closer than before to an adult engagement with sexuality. It’s a beautifully conceived and executed work in all respects.
As with Tati, notions of dehumanization occur quite often in Etaix’s work – a segment in the anthology film As long as you’ve got your health sets out how visiting the cinema has become a joyless battle with fellow patrons and unwelcoming infrastructure, before morphing into a reflection on how new-fangled consumer products threaten to turn household rituals into a farce; the following sequence depicts a population beset with stress, hopelessly dependent on medication (which circumstances then conspire to prevent people from adequately consuming). But Etaix’s films don’t generally feel like Tati’s: for instance, whereas you can almost go through a whole Tati film without ever getting a close-up, Etaix is more interested in showcasing his people (many of them the same core group of recurring performers) and the engineering of the situations. There’s a great sense of humanity in his work, which Le grand amour suggests might easily have developed and deepened further.
Etaix’s last film Land of Milk and Honey was a radical change of direction though. He spent months traveling round, interviewing people about the state of things and capturing footage of various events, and then almost a year editing it into some kind of shape. He only appears at the start, in a sequence comically emphasizing the magnitude of this task; afterwards he’s only heard off-camera. The film doesn’t show the French in a very favourable light – he dwells mostly on how little people know, on their inane habits and practices, conveying a deep sense of fracture and uncertainty. The film isn’t mean-spirited (at least, not primarily) - it emphasizes how life is hard and getting harder, and it’s easy enough to view its subjects sympathetically, as individuals; collectively though, one wonders what kind of country can result from all this in the long run. As such, it seems prophetic now about the state of Europe, but it’s still less compelling viewing than his previous films.
“By some magnificent accident,” writes David Cairns in the booklet accompanying the Criterion set, “for ten years Pierre Etaix…was able to make a small suite of unique, enchanting and beautiful films. It’ s of course tempting to wish he had made more, particularly building on the fresh achievements of Le grand amour. But the message of that film, surely, is that sometimes we have to be content with what we’ve got – and what we’ve got is plenty.” Well, almost plenty anyway. I wish the films might again have the prominence where kids would talk about them at school, but I guess that only ever happened because of another magnificent, short-lived accident.
The movie duly failed to spawn the intended franchise, but Marvel’s trying again with the new The Incredible Hulk. No counterintuitive
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. The support from members within their group gives them the confidence to reach out to other groups.
Besides connecting with other communities, the group also highlighted their role in supporting newly arrived migrants and people seeking asylum. They want to be more proactive and support people based on their own experiences of migration to Australia. The following was echoed by both men and women in the group: There's a huge gap between the Tamils who come as refugees and Tamils who have already settled here.
If we seniors have an opportunity to go and meet those newly arriving asylum seekers, refugees, and newly arriving migrants, we would be able to share their experience, one thing. Second thing we can teach-most of them are having a problem with the language and the culture and the tradition of a new country. Sometimes we can help because we have been here for a while, we would like to do that. The third thing is [that] this is a multicultural country; most of the cultures are different, so better to mix up with other cultures.
While group members provided narratives of the challenges they experienced, they also highlighted their resistance to the structural barriers to social inclusion. They take the initiatives to connect with other groups and are eager to extend support to newly arrived migrants. In this way, they harness their collective agency to fill a systemic gap and make a public investment by reaching out to other communities, especially newly arrived refugees and those seeking asylum. They also dispel the notion that only women utilise neighbourhood and informal social networks by extending their networks beyond their families and their own community networks. The women's narratives in the group require broadening our understanding of political participation by showcasing their capacity for supporting new migrants in Australia. Their narratives foreground hope against a backdrop of social exclusion and isolation.
Conclusion
The notion of belonging needs to be understood from the differential positions from which it is viewed and narrated (race, gender, class, stage in the life cycle), even concerning the same community and the same boundaries and borders (Yuval-Davis et al., 2005, p. 521). This is evidenced by the fact that although not all group members had arrived in Australia as refugees or were from refugee-like backgrounds, their experiences were very similar even after having been in Australia for several years. Social inclusion is about emotional and affective ties, but it is also about feeling safe and accepted in a community and feeling that one has a stake in the community's future (Anthias, 2006). In this context, the idea of home for group members remains complex. The passage of time did not erode their connections to their homeland while aspiring to make a home in a new land. The term "home" is used in a multivalent sense by the women both in past and present terms and in terms of safety and risk (Perez Murcia, 2019). Memories of what they left behind in Sri Lanka and the need to connect with a country that has provided them with a sense of safety create a continuum of isolation and belongingness in the two lands. The group acts as a bridge for these experiences, where they can find a sense of their home in Sri Lanka while also sharing the experience of being in Australia. The group collectively navigates experiences of isolation and the constant search for belongingness. The tension between the "home" left behind and the "home" in Australia may never be resolved, but the group functions as a support system for those who have experienced displacement.
Our exploratory project provides a springboard to further research opportunities which continue to explore questions of belonging and how government and community responsiveness might be facilitated by groups experiencing dis-connection in their aspirations for inclusion. There is increasing exploration of ethical dilemmas of university research and the means to ensure accurate representation of refugee voices, accountability to participants, and reciprocity (Dantas & Gower, 2021). Rather than being an inhibitor of research, ethical considerations provide opportunities for research that emphasise collaboration, privileging voice and co-production as normative. Our research is contextualised to Tamils in Sydney but offers some leads for conducting research with other refugee groups. For the specific participants of our research, co-production can be built from the grassroots, including the Tamil community and an organisational support base, such as STARTTS. This would focus on ensuring that the research questions posed are relevant to aspirations and include the intersections, where appropriate, of race, gender, and age. Clearly, the women who participated in our research face significant challenges that can continue to be highlighted from their own perspectives over time and the geographies of settlement.
Fran Gale (PhD) is a senior lecturer in social work and communities at Western Sydney University. Fran researches and teaches in the area of social change through a focus on the politics of belonging, social inclusion, diversity, participatory parity (including participatory methodologies), and intercultural understanding, particularly, but not solely, with refugees and young people. Subadra Velayudan is a project officer for families in the cultural transition program at STARTTS.
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for clustering. Then we cluster the nodes into categories with K-Means algorithm. And we record the performance with NMI (Normalized Mutual Information) score. The results of clustering are shown in Table \ref{tab:cluster}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\subfloat[NEDP-LSTM]{\includegraphics[width=0.14\textwidth]{fig/our.pdf}\label{fig:vis_our}}
\subfloat[NEDP-RNN]{\includegraphics[width=0.14\textwidth]{fig/3ng_rnn1.pdf}\label{fig:vis_rnn}}
\subfloat[DeepWalk]{\includegraphics[width=0.14\textwidth]{fig/dw.pdf}\label{fig:vis_dw}}
\subfloat[LINE]{\includegraphics[width=0.14\textwidth]{fig/line.pdf}\label{fig:vis_line}}
\subfloat[SDNE]{\includegraphics[width=0.14\textwidth]{fig/sdne.pdf}\label{fig:vis_sdne}}
\subfloat[GraphGAN]{\includegraphics[width=0.14\textwidth]{fig/gg.pdf}\label{fig:vis_gg}}
\subfloat[Struc2Vec]{\includegraphics[width=0.14\textwidth]{fig/s2v.pdf}\label{fig:vis_s2v}}
\caption{Visualization of 3-NG dataset. Each point represents one document. Different colors correspond to different categories, i.e., Red: $comp.graphics$, Blue: $rec.sport.baseball$, Green: $talk.politics.guns$ }
\label{fig:vis}
\end{figure*}
The results show that our method outperforms the others. Methods, such as DeepWalk and GraphGAN, only consider whether two nodes are connected and do not take the weight of edges into account. Therefore, these baselines are not applicable to the weighted dense networks. However, our method overcomes these obstacles. The proposed DW-random walk method not only considers the connection between two nodes, but also the weights of edges and the degrees of nodes. Note that NEDP-RNN's performance is second only to NEDP-LSTM's, which illustrates that LSTM model precedes RNN model for its long term dependency. In combination with LSTM and LapEO, we can better preserve the network's global and local information. Therefore NEDP-LSTM is robust in the clustering task both on a weighted and unweighted dense network.
\subsubsection{Visualization}
In visualization task, we focus on using the learned representation to reveal the network data intuitively. We execute our model and baseline methods on 3-NG dataset which comes from the 20-Newsgroup dataset. This dataset has 600 nodes, each of which belongs to one of three categories which are $comp.graphics$, $rec.sport.baseball$ and $talk.politics.guns$. We map the representations learned by different network embedding methods into the 2-D space using the visualization tool $t$-$SNE$\cite{Van2017}. Figure \ref{fig:vis} shows the visualization results on 3-NG dataset. Each point represents a document and colors indicate different categories. The visualizations of DeepWalk, Struc2Vec and GraphGAN is not meaningful, where the documents belonging to the same categories are not clustered together. For example, DeepWalk and Struc2Vec make the points belonging to different categories mix with each other. GraphGAN overlaps the nodes of different categories with each other. For LINE and SDNE, although the data can generally be divided into three clusters, the boundary is not clear enough. Obviously, the visualization of our method NEDP including NEDP-RNN and NEDP-LSTM performs better than baselines. This experiment demonstrates the NEDP model can learn more meaningful and robust representations.
\subsubsection{Classification}
\begin{table*}[!h]\normalsize
\centering
\caption{The result of Multilabel classification on BlogCatalog}\label{tab:blog}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
& \% Labeled Nodes & 10\% & 20\% & 30\% & 40\% & 50\% & 60\% & 70\% & 80\% & 90\% \\
\hline
\multirow{5}*{Micro-F1(\%)} & DeepWalk & 33.12 & 36.20 & 37.6
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With the recent events in Las Vegas, several people asked what my thoughts on how to be safe at a concert are.
So, to get information out to as many people as possible, I decided to write this blog post and this free Crowd Safe Mindset downloadable guide.
I hope that it helps others become more safe, secure and prepared before they go to a concert or similar event.
To start off with, I’ve spent a lifetime making sure others are safe.
Like many of you, I’m fortunate to have a fantastic and exciting life. However, while my life is full of countless great experiences it also holds some less than ideal experiences and hard-won lessons.
The number one lesson I learned is that our chances of recognizing, dealing with, and overcoming life’s challenges are significantly improved when we add a few basic concepts to our mental security and safety process.
One of those fundamental concepts includes an improved crowd safety mindset. As many recent tragic events have shown, large gatherings are tempting targets for those seeking to cause harm.
Because of this, it’s now more critical than ever that you take the time to learn how to protect yourself and others. When you do, you will be better prepared to live a safe and enjoyable life that includes attending all sorts of fun events.
With that, let’s get going and let me help you better understand how to be safe at a concert.
areas when helping you to know how to be safe at a concert.
Perhaps the essential skill that a person may have, especially when it applies to how to be safe at a concert, is situational awareness. It is your awareness of what is occurring around you that will warn you in times of danger and show you the light in moments of happiness.
Situational awareness is your awareness of your environment and its relationship to you in both the present and the future.
may have a positive or adverse effect on you.
By understanding your environment, your situational awareness aids you in identifying potential impacts to the safety and security of yourself and others.
With the potential impacts identified, you will be better able to formulate a positive response to either capitalize on or mitigate the effects of those effects.
Pay Attention: Have fun, but keep an eye on what is happening around you.
Familiarize Yourself: Walk around the area when you arrive. Identify cover, concealment, and exits.
Look, Listen and Observe: Identify anything that is not normal.
Trust Your Instincts: Your instincts don’t lie. Listen to your gut.
Be Willing to Leave: If there’s a problem, or something makes you uncomfortable, leave.
Planning is critical to any undertaking, especially when trying to learn how to be safe at a concert. We often take time plan a trip, a party, or a simple task at home. Why then shouldn’t we take the time to plan for a possible emergency?
As recent events, unfortunately, show, tragic situations can happen without notice, anywhere and at any time.
Therefore, while we all should have a home and family emergency plan, it is also crucial that we take the time to quickly make a plan when out and about during our daily lives.
When going to the mall, a movie, a concert, or other gathering places, it is in our best interest to take a few minutes to make a plan.
We can all make that happen by improving our situational awareness, planning and as part of the way we approach large gatherings.
This is not to say that you should avoid crowds and not go to the ballpark, attend a concert, the theatre, or go window shopping.
What it is saying is that while you should continue to live your lives, do so with heightened awareness. After all, we plan to attend an event, why not add a little more planning due to the possibility that fire, disaster or an act of violence may happen while we’re there?
These plans don’t need a lot of detail. They don’t need to take a lot of time. They only need to let people know what to do if something happens. That way you’ll be better able to overcome any adversity that you encounter.
What to Do?: Plan what to do if something happens. For example, If this, then do that.
Where to Meet?: Plan a meet-up location based on safety and security, not convenience.
How to Communicate: Know how to get a hold of each other if you become separated.
Be Concise: Keep the plan broad, but short and to the point.
Brief the Plan: Make sure others know the plan. People should default to the plan during an emergency.
Wearing the right clothing is a factor to be considered when attending an event with large numbers of people. Obviously, you want to dress in a manner that is consistent with the occasion.
However, some fundamentals may help you dress for success should trouble find you before the night is over.
These fundamentals will aid you in being able to move away from potential danger more quickly and efficiently.
Additionally, they will also work to minimize your chances of being a victim of crime.
By following these simple suggestions,
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< n.
Fig. 2):
We start withg (2,2) , which is easily obtained because ∂ τg Fig. 1(c). We then turn tog (1,2) , whose flow ∂ τg . Assuming that we know the fixed-point values ofg (m,n) for all m < n we can go on to treat g (m,n) successively for m = n, n − 1, . . . , 1. In each step one simply needs to solve the linear equation given some c 1 (m, n) and c 2 (m, n) = 0. More precisely, since c 2 (m, n) = c (m, n)g At the upper critical dimension d c = 2 there is a transcritical bifurcation, such that, when the dimension d < 2, there is an unstable fixed point atλ τ = 0 (recall that τ flows in the negative direction) and a stable one at For d > 2 the stability of the fixed points is interchanged and at d = 2 they merge to one, marginally stable fixed point. Similar behavior is observed for the other rescaled coefficientsg Thus, below the critical dimension, the flow drives the rescaled potential to a fixed-point potential u τ → u , which can be represented in the form In contrast, above the critical dimension, u τ tends to zero. In this case, we consider the dimensionful potential U k instead (see Section IV). The critical dimension d c = 2, where both potentials, u τ and U k tend to zero along the flow, is treated separately at the end of this section.
C. The One-Dimensional Case
Simple scaling arguments (see e.g. [42]) already indicate that the density will behave as in the long-time limit, when the dimension d = 1, for some amplitude A: The density ρ corresponds to the field ψ, such that under renormalization it scales as ρ = kρ, with the "dimensionless" densityρ, see Eq. (11), whereas time scales as t = k −2t , see Eq. (10). In the following, the most difficult task is to estimate the amplitude A.
We define the rescaled non-equilibrium force by F k (ψ) := ∂ψU k (ψ, ψ)|ψ =0 and its dimensionless counterpart by f τ (χ) := ∂χu τ (χ, χ)|χ =0 . Just as the rescaled potential u τ flows to u , the renormalization group flow drives f τ to its fixed-point value f , which according to Eq. (18) may be written as The kinetic equation becomes where the second equality is valid to lowest order in k.
The limit must not depend on k, since, once the reciprocal scale k −1 is much larger than the correlation length, the right hand side of the equation should have converged well. Hence, at the fixed point we will have f (χ) ∼ cχ 3 , when χ is large, for some universal factor c. This implies that the non-equilibrium force F (ρ) ∼ cρ 3 and that the kinetic equation (15) becomes such that we indeed recover the decay law, Eq. (19), with A = (2c) − 1 2 . Determining the factor c is tantamount to calculating f (χ) for large values of χ. This in turn affords a good knowledge of the fixed-point potential u (χ, χ). Typically, the goal of the numerical calculations is to extract critical exponents by considering the flow in the region around the fixed point. In this case, to obtain a satisfactory result, it is often sufficient to perform a series expansion of the Wetterich equation to the first few orders in χ and χ and then to consider the flow of the coefficients g (m,n) τ . For our problem this clearly will not suffice, since the lower order coefficients only describe the behavior of the force f around the origin but not for large χ.
We have exploited the special simplifications in the flow for the coagulations process to calculate a large number of fixed-point coefficientsg (m,n) . The equations were solved exactly (yet of course within the truncation of Eq. (8)) employing computer algebra software. We were thus able to extract the first 125 coefficientsg (1,n) in the power series of f . The behavior of f (χ) for large χ was evaluated in a double logarithmic plot, cf. Fig. 3. Since the power series has a finite radius of convergence we enhanced the result by employing Padé extrapolation [43].
For large values of χ, the terms in the expansion indeed add up a to a power law of the order χ 3 . We find that
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thing that you need to realize about NLP techniques is that there is no one technique that will fit all situations.
Just like there is no one specific diet that should be used by everyone, it’s important that you learn how to customize your NLP training to meet your own needs and preferences.
Likewise, there are so many different things that you can do with NLP, you should never feel limited.
There is a world of possibility once you get good with your training. Think of NLP more as a tool you harness as you create your path to success rather than a black and white roadmap that you have to follow.
When most people first begin with NLP, they come in trying to do one thing.
They want to shed 10 pounds.
They want to quit smoking.
They want to learn how to speak in front of others.
Once they’ve achieved that goal, they’re happy to go about their merry way.
To truly master NLP, you need to expand your boundaries. Realize the power of the human brain and all that you are capable of.
Once you’ve reached that initial goal that you’ve set out, keep setting new goals. Self growth is a big part of NLP training and this implies a constant stream of development that will take place over years.
Finally, the last step to mastering neurolinguistic programming is to fully commit to the idea.
To really see maximum success, NLP should not be something that you just turn on at various points throughout the day.
You want to incorporate NLP techniques into as many areas of your life as possible. Your mission is to reprogram how your brain works, in a sense, and this is best done by continual and constant effort.
You’ll get out of it what you put in, so the more committed you are to using the concepts, the greater it’s going to help you in the long-term.
Stick With Neuro Linguistic Programming, it’s not going to be easy but it WILL be worth it!
Ready to put some NLP into action? Let’s look at five highly effective training techniques that you can begin implementing immediately.
This first Neuro Linguistic Programming Example is based around FEAR.
Think about your greatest fear. Got it?
Chances are, you’re experiencing some anxiety, or a general sense of discomfort. You may feel like there’s a knot in your stomach or suddenly like a dark cloud has moved over your head.
Dissociation is an NLP technique that aims to help you overcome this as you objectively view the situation.
Begin by identifying the emotion you are experiencing and want to remove from your life. Until you fully identify this, you will not be able to dismiss it.
Take a step back. Pretend you are an outside viewer and imagine seeing yourself as you encounter the situation causing this emotion. Watch the event unfold before you, start to finish.
Now you are to play that mental move only backwards. Repeat it through once more.
Next, do the same but this time, mentally add some funny music to the movie. As you do this, you should feel the negative feeling lessen. Keep replaying the movie until the feeling is no longer present.
While you may not cure a situation that causes you anxiety, fear, or feelings of discomfort with just one round of this technique, if you continue to do it, over time, you should be able to overcome the issue.
Let’s say you’ve just encountered an experience that was far from what you were hoping for.
Perhaps you broke up with your significant other, lost your job, or you saw a stock you were heavily invested in crash.
No matter the situation, chances are you are thinking very negatively right now, feeling hopeless and like you cannot control the situation.
Keep on this thought train and the likelihood you just make the situation worse is incredibly high. Most people do not make sound decisions when in this psychological state.
Your mission here is to reframe the situation. Basically, view it in another light.
Let’s say you lost your job.
Sure, you can focus on all the negatives. You’re out your pay, you’ll no longer work with your co-workers, you’ll now have to go out and search for a new job, and on it goes.
Instead, let’s focus on the positives.
You may be able to find a position that’s a better fit for you. Perhaps you’ll find a place of work closer to home. Or maybe, you’ll even find a position that pays better.
Instead of viewing this as a negative event, view it as a new door of opportunity. Reframe that event and start focusing on the positive elements it has to offer.
The more often you do this, the easier it will be for you to start looking at the positive side of every situation. This will totally change your frame of mind and how you react to the issue at hand.
Anchoring in NLP training is the act of attaching a sensory trigger of sorts to a certain state. Ever seen someone put an elastic band around their wrist to snap whenever they had a certain thought
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dark matter
only case. Further, the size of the mass reduction increases with earlier infall
times and more radial orbits. In \citet{zolotov12}, they demonstrated that a
subhalo accreted at $z>6$~Gyr in an SPH simulation would experience a
greater reduction in its mass than is seen with a dark matter only set
up. Similarly, the mass of subhalos on radial orbits in the SPH simulation
also experience a more significant drop in mass than their dark matter only
counterparts. In all cases, the presence of a massive baryonic disk in the
host galaxy (such as those hosted by the Galaxy and M31) reduces the masses
of the satellite population at a much greater rate than in the dark matter
only case.
One could therefore argue that the outliers seen in this study, such as
Hercules, And XIX, XXI and XXV, may have fallen in to their host galaxies
earlier, and onto more radial orbits where they interact more significantly
with their host, leading to a more pronounced mass loss. It is difficult to
properly model the orbital properties of these objects, but recent work
by \citet{watkins13} modelled the orbital properties of M31 dSphs by combining
the timing argument with phase-space distribution functions. This work found
no evidence to suggest that the M31 outliers are on very radial orbits, nor do
they seem to have experienced particularly close passages with M31 itself,
perhaps ruling out this option.
A prime example of a tidally disrupting dSph within the MW is the Sgr
dSph. This object is currently undergoing violent tidal disruption, yet it has
a velocity dispersion that is entirely consistent with the best fit NFW and
cored mass profiles to both the MW alone and to the full Local Group, perhaps
arguing against the mechanism we have outlined above. However, Sgr is
currently near the pericenter of its orbit, only $\sim20$ kpc from the
Galactic center \citep{law10}. The outliers we refer to are located further
out ($D_{host}>70{\rm\,kpc}$ for all outliers, \citealt{martin10,koposov11,conn13}),
and so we do not expect them to be currently experiencing significant tidal
distortions, rather that their past interactions with their host have removed
more mass from their centers than their more `typical' counterparts.
In summary, numerical models have demonstrated that tidal mechanisms are able
to lower the masses of dSphs, and could explain the lower than expected masses
of the Local Group outliers, Herc, And XIV, XV, XVI, XIX, XXI and XXV if they
have experienced more significant past interactions with their host.
\subsection{Feedback from star formation and supernova}
For many years, kinematic studies of low surface brightness galaxies have
shown that the mass profiles of these objects are less centrally dense than
expected. They are more compatible with flatter, cored halo functions, rather
than the cuspier NFW profiles seen in simulations
(e.g. \citealt{flores94,deblok02,deblok03,deblok05}). Many have argued that
this is a result of bursty, energetic star formation and supernova
(SN) within these galaxies. These processes drive mass out from the center of the halo, flattening the high
density cusp into a lower density core, leading to a lower central mass than
predicted by pure dark matter simulations
(e.g. \citealt{navarro96b,dekel03,read05,mashchenko06,pontzen12,governato12,maccio12}). Could
the lower than expected central masses of the Local Group dSphs also be caused
by feedback?
\citet{zolotov12} and \citet{brooks12} compared a dark matter only simulation
with a smooth particle hydrodynamic (SPH) simulation of a MW type galaxy in a
cosmological context to see whether the inclusion of baryons and feedback in
the latter can produce satellite galaxies with lower central masses and
densities. For galaxies with a stellar mass $M_*>10^7{\rm\,M_\odot}$ ($M_V\mathrel{\spose{\lower 3pt\hbox{$\mathchar"218$}-12$) at
the time of infall, feedback can reduce the central mass of dSph
galaxies. Below this mass, the galaxies have an insufficient total mass to
retain enough gas beyond reionization to continue with the
|
the concept of creation in the beginning of the world, as distinct from the view of creation as a continuous process. The remarks on space and time do not take sufficient account of the history of these concepts and of the issues emerging from that history. When Jenson says that God is “pres ent to creatures in their space” he is actually in agreement with Newtons doctrine of God and space, though he earlier accused Newton (wrongly) of having “blurred the line between Creator and creation.”
One of the most brilliant chapters of the work, on the other hand, is “Politics and Sex.” The human person, Jenson contends, is created for communion with others. The kingdom of God will bring about the final fulfillment of that destiny, and in the course of history it is provisionally realized in the Church and in the state. In his treatment of the state, Jenson takes his clue from Augustine, according to whom the ultimate good in the polity is peace. Peace is based on “consent in law,” and consent is derived from a moral discourse rooted in the law of God Himself. That law speaks in the human conscience and is expressed by the Ten Commandments. The “second table” of the commandments (equivalent to natural law) spells out the “minimum conditions” of all social order. In this connection Jenson offers some harsh but not unjust criticism of American public morality with respect to the violation of the fifth commandment (“You shall not kill”) in the instance of legalized abortion. It is a criticism that applies equally to other secularized Western societies. He further reclaims the place of the family and of “heterosexual monogamy” as indispensable in a just society.
This side of the kingdom of God, the human destiny of communion is realized more purely in the Church, the body of Christ, than in the state, where it is disfigured by human self“love and lust for dominion. Together with Israel, the Church is the people of God, and its communion is constituted by communion with Jesus. One should expect, then, that the Churchs founding would be related not just in general terms to the Trinity, but more specifically to the Eucharist and to its institution by Jesus. The eucharistic communion is in the first place communion with Jesus himself. “The communion of the Church,” Jenson writes, “is established only by communion with Christ.” It is not clear, therefore, why Jenson chides me as “subtly sectarian” for making this very point in my own writings. The person of Jesus and therefore the issue of communion with him has to retain priority in the life of the Church. But the body of the risen Christ is not, as Jenson suggests, simply identical with the Church. If the reality of the body of Christ is not prior to the Church, how could Paul write that in the eschatological future the Lord will “change our lowly body to be like his glorious body” (Philippians 3:21)?
This also means that “body” is not only, as Jenson asserts time and again, the person as “available to others” and thus also “to oneself.” The human body is first of all the full reality of the person, certainly with a relation to oneself but also in most intimate identity with oneself. In the case of the body of the risen Christ, believers participate in that reality, but it remains a reality that precedes and surpasses our participation. It is a merit of Jensons work that he takes Pauls statements on the Church as body of Christ not only as a metaphor but literally. Yet the precise relationship between Church and body of Christ requires a more careful and differentiated treatment than it receives in these volumes.
In addressing the doctrine of the Church, Jenson takes up ministry and sacraments before turning to the authority and proclamation of the word. This is understandable from the point of view of a “communio ecclesiology.” It is also legitimate, provided that the priority of the gospel is otherwise acknowledged. The thorny issue of eucharistic sacrifice is integrated by Jenson into the anamnetic theory of the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, which agrees with the best results in ecumenical dialogue. One might have expected more emphasis, however, on epiclesis or the invocation of the Holy Spirit in the eucharistic event since it is the Spirit who brings about the presence of Christ in the memorial of his death and who unites the faithful participants with Christs offering of himself. The sacraments in general are treated by Jenson as “mysteries of communion” in accordance with the New Testament understanding of the mystery uniting Christ and his Church. But there is here no attempt to reconceive the Augustinian notion of sacrament as “sign” in the light of the biblical concept of mystery.
In discussing the ministry of the church as “office of communion,” Jenson highlights the fact that in the historical development of episcopacy the concept of “
|
es, strings, and functions all have well defined types and would all work fine. Custom types would be a bit awkward, but otherwise still work:
```go
p4 := (*Name)(&"unspecified")
```
That leaves numbers, which already have well defined rules from determining their type when none is specified. eg, `&3` would be `*int`, and `&1.2` would be `*float64`. However how would you get a pointer to a byte? Typically a cast is used to coerce the number constant to resolve into the desired type. However `&byte(3)` is not getting the address of a `Literal`, it's getting the address of a result from a cast.
Without the issue of numbers, I think it would be a reasonable extension of the current behavior, making composite literals less special. It would still be the case that `&` has two meanings, just one of them would be slightly more powerful.
I _suppose_ you could allow for `(*byte)(&3)`, where `&3` is a "pointer number literal" which would be resolved to a pointer to a specific number type using similar rules to how plain numbers are resolved. That certainly adds complexity equal to or greater than the main proposal, though it would be limited to just number literals. I'm not sure if I like it or not.
<issue_comment>username_27: As a point of why this would be nice, thrift uses pointers for optional fields in the generated code with nil representing a missing field (zero value is not an option). So thrift library contains a bunch of functions to pointerize literals.
https://github.com/apache/thrift/blob/master/lib/go/thrift/pointerize.go
Moving forward with generics perhaps this could be dealt with a optional wrapper type, or a generic pointerize function.
<issue_comment>username_28: I've wanted this on more than one occasion, but most of the time that I've wanted it I wanted it to give a value to something optional, such as when initializing struct fields:
```go
type Config struct {
Address *string
}
// ...
c, err := CreateClient(Config{
Address: &string("localhost:12345"), // Doesn't work, obviously.
})
```
I have to wonder if this issue will disappear automatically over time once generics are in, as optionality is technically only a side effect of pointers, which is why a lot of things also return a boolean to signal validity of their primary return instead of just returning a pointer. Generics, though, can create a more properly signaled optionality:
```go
type Optional[T any] struct {
v T
ok bool
}
func Some[T any](v T) Optional[T] {
return Optional[T]{v: v, ok: true}
}
func None[T any[() Optional[T] {
return Optional[T]{ok: false}
}
type Config struct {
Address Optional[string]
}
// ...
c, err := CreateConfig(Config{
Address: Some("localhost:12345"),
})
```
And then, after finishing writing this, I took a look at the new comment that loaded in right above... You beat me to it, @username_27.
<issue_comment>username_29: The `new` extension looks very nice and clean. Probably worth it even without introducing the `&expression` shorthand for `new(typeOfExpression, expression)`.
<issue_comment>username_30: `3` has an unambiguous type: the default type `int`. Only the value `nil` has no default type.
<issue_comment>username_31: I would be in support of Option 2 or the extension to all function calls mentioned several times in this thread because it most obviously feels like simply removing an existing restriction, rather than adding any new behavior that needs explaining. Go doesn't generally encourage or make use of variadic functions with different behavior depending on their argument count, and when I hear of a two-argument form of "new" I intuitively expect it to behave like the multiple argument form of make(), which is the only other weird built-in like that today. Option 1 doesn't really do that, and as a result adds some extra mental overhead to remember a rule I almost never use, or for new users to look up what it means when they come across it.
I know that @username_24 wishes that everyone had standardized on the new() form rather that &t{}, but my sense is the latter is more common today, and we should not try to fight that too hard.
<issue_comment>username_32: Allowing the following 2 forms would address the majority of use-cases without any of the footguns:
```
&AnyLiteral
&Type(AnyLiteral)
```
As @username_23 pointed out, it
|
The traditional view is that mergers and acquisitions can reduce competition, give some players undue amounts of clout and work against the interests of the customer in the marketplace. Do these comments apply to the heightened activity in the TMC sector, where other factors such as economies of scale, culture and areas also come into play?
Consolidation is not a bad thing. Pulling together huge TMCs can mean taking the best of both companies, so they will be more innovative. What some lack in certain areas – meetings & events, for example, they acquire. It’s a positive these companies can come to buyers collaboratively to offer enhanced services.
I don’t think prices will rise because either you pay a management fee or nowadays, a transaction fee, so you pay for the services you want, whether that is high-touch or online booking tools, you pay for that regardless.
Because Wood globally acquired Amec Foster Wheeler, we’ve now got a lot of agencies, so we are consolidating our programme and we are doing that with American Express GBT which now has HRG, which, in turn, has good technology.
We are also using consultants from the GBT side for some of the tenders we are running and HRG consultants for others; there is definitely a complement of strong knowledge of the industry and technology, which is a good thing. Whether you go to a TMC or an independent, there will be consultancy costs regardless of whether there are fewer TMCs.
I would be interested to hear from buyers why they think there is going to be a lack of competition. Before the acquisitions, if you ran an RFI (request for information) and went to eight TMCs to get that down to four, you would only be negotiating on transaction fees or the consultancy services they can provide, so what is the difference? Even with fewer TMCs, if you get the fees down, it will have a knock-on effect on your service. I don’t see why my travel should cost more as a result of consolidation because I pay for the transactions it takes to run the programme.
Consolidation in the TMC sector is a concern, and is causing a lot of discussion among travel buyers, who at first may think of it only in terms of reduced competition, higher prices and less innovation.
However, while the annual BBT 50 Leading TMCs listing is still the starting point when companies begin to search for a new TMC, consolidation does allow new entrants into the top 50, and sees others rising up the list. Therefore it’s a good opportunity for these companies to make a name for themselves.
Some TMCs are buying a particular expertise, such as when a major TMC bought two leading meeting & events providers recently. There is a technology angle as well: TMCs acquire competitors with their proprietary technology, such as online booking and back office – it is not just about the frontline travel servicing staff. It is worth looking at what you are buying. By purchasing a TMC, the buyer will acquire technology, staff, a client book and goodwill.
A TMC can grow organically, of course, and pick up clients one by one or they may choose to do it in one go, but that business could walk at any time.
Looking at cultural fit puts buyers in an interesting position. Clients of an acquired TMC may have more reason to be comfortable about that takeover than clients of the acquiring company – the purchaser will absolutely not want to lose any of the clients from the acquired business.
These events are incredibly disruptive; there are culture clashes and people get entrenched in their positions. It takes years for companies to come together as one after a merger or acquisition.
From a buyer perspective, all this activity is a risk, but for those TMCs that are a bit smaller, it is a really big opportunity; they should be beefing up their sales teams and strengthening their marketing and messages because they could find themselves being invited to a lot more RFPs than they would have done.
RFPs typically only function when you’ve got five, six, seven interested parties and, if they’re all merging, you have to look further down the list to find them.
Companies are increasingly reviewing their options. For some owners it is a desire to sell and for others there is a requirement to grow to get economies of scale, be that for strategic growth in a sector or entry into a new market. I think most are for economies of scale, but a few have been to secure new product or technology; whichever way you look at it, consolidation will continue.
Considering the cultural fit when undertaking mergers and takeovers should be a key part of any due diligence, both by the buyer and seller, to aid integration, although I fear when there are external influences (venture capitalists), they do not pay so much attention to this. From monitoring some of the recent acquisitions and talking with colleagues in the industry, I think some will run smoothly while others will cause disruption, which could impact clients.
However, I don’t think competition
|
Rear-drive, automatic 330i with navigation, iDrive 5.0 and CarPlay. We'd be hard-pressed to stray further from that formula.
The 2017 BMW 3-Series is another chapter in the automaker's long history of very good sport sedans.
BMW's obsession to fill every niche isn't new. Before the BMW 3-Series, a "luxury sport compact" could have applied to a versatile woman's handbag or described Ricardo Montalban's suit.
The 3-Series changed that more than three decades ago.
For 2017, the BMW 3-Series comes in three body styles, with a choice between six different engines, two powertrains, and two transmission choices. Want details? The 3-Series comes in 320i, 320i xDrive, 328d, 328d xDrive, 330i, 330i xDrive, 340i, 340i xDrive sedan flavors; a 330e iPerformance plug-in hybrid sedan; 330i xDrive Gran Turismo and 340i xDrive Gran Turismo tall hatchbacks; 330i and 328d xDrive wagon; and the almighty M3 (which we cover separately). Inhale, exhale.
The BMW 3-Series is dressed for dinner with the parents. The sharp exterior was updated for 2016 and carries on this year, still sharp. The grille and headlights were made bigger slightly and the back end is more distinctive than before.
It's a elegant and classic look from the 3-Series, and one that won't get old soon.
We can't say the same about the 3-Series everywhere else. The interior is starting to look a little plain and outdated, compared to the techno-blitzes from Audi and Mercedes-Benz in their A4 and C-Class, respectively. Interior materials range from rich and luxurious to muddled and fussy—even a little cheap. Spend more and get more, it's a recurring theme.
Under hood is a variety of powerplants that range from efficient (328d diesel and 330e hybrid) to blistering fast (M3 and 340i) or more commonly commuter (320i and 330i).
New for 2017, the 330i probably hits the goldilocks spot for most drivers. Its uprated 248 horsepower and improved feel from last year's model should make it a more competent performer for most buyers. We've driven the new turbo-4 in the 5-Series (which is a heavier car by 300 lbs) and it feels aptly powered there—it's hard to imagine it'd feel worse in a lighter car.
The 340i's turbo-6 and 320 hp will brighten anyone's day and tempt every right foot. Mash the throttle and the 340i spins up an overwhelming and instant 330 pound-feet of twist that used to only come with M3 badges.
Lessees may consider the 320i's tempting entry price, but we say skip the Starbucks each month and skip the 180-hp 320i—the 330i's turbo-4 will be worth it.
In any case, every 3-Series is a sharp handler with an excellent feel and flat attitudes. The electric-assisted steering is weighted nicely and manages to push back when the 3-Series is running out of grip and we're running out of talent.
Although this is the biggest 3-Series yet, it's still very much a compact car. Front seat riders get good seats with adequate bolstering and nice leg support. The rear seats are good for children or small adults on long trips; tall riders may want to consider horsetrading with front riders to get enough room to be comfortable.
Unlike trendier shapes that cut into rear head room, the 3-Series offers good space for tall torsos in back, and it's traditional design makes for better cargo room too. The trunk's 15.8 cubic feet of space is enough to swallow plenty of gear.
The 3-Series improved its rating by the IIHS this year to be a Top Safety Pick+ (when equipped with a lighting package and $4,000 in options) and has a five-star overall rating from federal testers.
Outward visibility is surprisingly good in the 3-Series, but BMW frustratingly saddles a rearview camera with a $400 price tag.
Base 320i sedans are fairly spartan, considering their mid-$30,000 price tag. Standard equipment includes 17-inch wheels, manually adjustable front seats, leatherette upholstery, Bluetooth connectivity, automatic headlights, dual
|
from alleged victims, may be critical to a verdict, and these testimonies are sometimes from witnesses who hold a personal stake in the case and shun self-incriminating statements. In many countries, a witness lying in court risks being charged with perjury-the accused typically does not risk such a reaction-but there are still cases where witnesses lie. In such cases, when there is a possibility that one or more of the witnesses are lying and the court's verdict depends upon the perceived credibility of the witnesses, the issue arises of distinguishing between lying and truthful witnesses. Is it possible to identify liars vs. truth tellers based on the non-verbal signals transmitted by the sender?
WHAT PEOPLE BELIEVE
Psychological folklore tells us that it is. Studies on what people believe about lying and deceit identify a number of non-verbal cues associated with lying (Vrij, 2000The Global Deception Research Team, 2006)-gaze avoidance, fidgeting, restless foot and leg movements, frequent body posture changes. Such beliefs are not restricted to lay persons but held by law and psychology professionals as well (Bogaard et al., 2016;Dickens and Curtis, 2019). Based on such everyday ideas, many countries offer courses and programs that promise lie detection competence. Internationally well-known examples are the SPOT (Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques) program aimed at identifying possible terrorists at airports by behavior analysis, and the SYNEROLOGY program aimed at disclosing deception in interviewing situations in the courts or in job application interviews (Denault et al., 2020). In our country in 2018, a professional organization which offers advanced courses to members of the legal professions, announced a course called Spot a liar, given by a US professor of law. He "teaches scientifically proven methods to see concealed emotion and detect lies, including how to identify micro-expressions of emotion that last less than a second, recognize when body language reveals lies and when it is meaningless, detect lies in interviews, meetings, investigations, and even over the phone". Are such ideas supported by empirical research?
WHAT THE SCIENCE TELLS US
Several decades of empirical research have shown that none of the non-verbal signs assumed by psychological folklore to be diagnostic of lying vs. truthfulness is in fact a reliable indicator of lying vs. truthfulness (Vrij, 2000Vrij et al., 2019). It is a substantial literature. seminal book included more than 1,000 references to the research literature and the recent review by Vrij et al. (2019) identified 206 scientific papers published in 2016 alone. Thus, any reliable non-verbal cues to lies and deceit ought to have been identified by now, anno 2020. However, the conclusions drawn by DePaulo et al. (2003), who analyzed 116 studies more than 15 years ago, still appear to be valid. They concluded that "the looks and sounds of deceit are faint, " and the recent review by Vrij et al. (2019) seconded this: ". . . the non-verbal cues to deceit discovered to date are faint and unreliable and . . . people are mediocre lie catchers when they pay attention to behavior." In other words, no reliable non-verbal cues to deception have to-date been identified. The popular Paul Ekman hypothesis of facial micro-expressions as indicators of lies, advertised by many popular courses, has no scientific support (Porter and ten Brinke, 2008). For example, a recent study, which examined the effect of micro-expression training on lie detection and included the presentation of real-life videos of high-stake liars, found that the trained participants scored below chance on lie detection, as did the non-trained or bogus-trained participants (Jordan et al., 2019).
It is therefore not surprising that our ability to detect lying vs. truthful witnesses is mediocre. The meta-analysis by Bond and DePaulo (2006), based on a database of more than 25,000 veracity judgments showed that the average score was at chance level (54% correct), and that none of the professions that we might expect to be good lie detectors-police investigators, psychiatrists, interviewers in recruiting companies-scored better than lay persons. Field studies do no better than laboratory studies. Studies of lie detection based on videotaped police interviews with persons suspected of serious crimes, later confirmed guilty (e.g., Mann et al., 2008), do not indicate any differences in the suspect's demeanor between when he is telling a straight lie and when he (later) is telling the truth, and the overall hit rate is not much above chance level. Likewise, studies of TV interviews of mourning relatives of victims of serious crimes begging the perpetrator to
|
a single model to support both the label- or reference-based synthesis by introducing the probabilistic encoder. The two types of synthesis are obtained by sampling from the prior or the posterior. Nonetheless, modeling distribution for every domain is difficult particularly when considering large number of attributes.
\section{Proposed Method}
\subsection{Problem Formulation}
Our model aims to translate an image $X_s \in \mathbb{R}^{H\times W\times 3}$, with its multi-attribute binary label $Y_s\in \{0,1\}^n$, into an image $X_g$ in a different domain specified by a target label $Y_t\in \{0,1\}^n$. The reference image $X_r$ is optionally provided during the inference, specifying a particular target domain style for $X_g$. Note that this is a typical unpaired generation task in which we do not have the groundtruth for $X_g$ during training. Here $n$ is the number of the attributes, and each one defines two non-overlapped visual domains, meaning with or without a specific attribute. In total, there are $2^n$ different domains. $\mathrm{att}_{diff}^{Y_s\rightarrow Y_t}\in \{-1,0,+1\}^n=Y_t-Y_s$ is also an $n$ element vector, representing the direction from source to target. It is employed by the LEM and REM as the input condition. Fig.\ref{fig:fig2} illustrates the specific architecture of our model, consisting of a mapping network $\text M$, an encoder network $\text E$, a generator network $\text G$ and a discriminator $\text D$ with an extra multi-attribute domain classifier $\text C$ \cite{odena2017conditional}. The two types of synthesis $X_g^l$ and $X_g^r$ are built on LEM and REM modules, respectively. In summary, given following inputs: an image pair $X_s$ and $X_r$, a noise vector $R$, and two opposite directions $\mathrm{att}_{diff}^{Y_s\rightarrow Y_t}$ and $\mathrm{att}_{diff}^{Y_t\rightarrow Y_s}$, the LEM and REM are designed to output the latent codes for the label- and reference-based synthesis, $X_g^l$ and $X_g^r$.
\subsection{Pipelines for Two Types of Synthesis}
The two modules, LEM and REM, support the two types of synthesis $X_g^l$ and $X_g^r$ by injecting their outputs $S_{rand}$ and $S_{ref}$ into $\text G$.
They essentially compare the two inputs from different domains, and encode their differences into a style code. Note that both modules are composed of two branches, where each branch maps its input into an intermediate latent code, and then they are combined together. These processes are summarized in (\ref{eq:eq1}) and (\ref{eq:eq2}). Details are illustrated in following subsections.
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:eq1}
\begin{aligned}
S_r^l = \mathrm{M} (R, \mathrm{att}_{diff}^{Y_t\rightarrow Y_s}) \quad S_r^r = \mathrm{E} (X_r, \mathrm{att}_{diff}^{Y_t\rightarrow Y_s}) \\ S_s = \mathrm{E} (X_s, \mathrm{att}_{diff}^{Y_s\rightarrow Y_t})
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:eq2}
\begin{aligned}
S_{rand} = \mathrm{LEM} (X_s, R, \mathrm{att}_{diff})=S_s+S_r^l\\ S_{ref} = \mathrm{REM} (X_s, X_r, \mathrm{att}_{diff})=S_s+S_r^r
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
\indent\textbf{LEM for label-based synthesis.}
The mapping network $\text M$ encodes the random noise $R\in\mathbb{R}^d$ together with $\mathrm{att}_{diff}^{Y_t\rightarrow Y_s}$, and gradually increases the spatial size until $S_r^l\in\mathbb{R}^{\frac{H}{k}\times \frac{W}{k}\times C}$. In practice, we concatenate $R$ with $\mathrm{att}_{diff}^{Y_t\rightarrow Y_s}$ before giving it to $\text M$, as is shown in (\ref{eq:eq1}). Similarly, the source $X_s$ is
|
If you believe that the condition that is necessary the success in love affairs is wealth, then you’re mistaken. There clearly was a a lot more available, but no less effective device – it is humor. If you possibly can make a woman laugh, consider which you currently won her.
Laughter is really a weapon that is universal. Along with its assistance, you’ll both destroy and make. It is amazing just how attention that is little spend towards the spontaneity. We attempt to make girls like us through our look, a bank-account, or capability to state compliments. Yes, all this work is great, and also at some phases also necessary. But laughter significantly simplifies the entire process of seducing ladies and produces a much better and long-term relationship than mercantile passions. Read our brand new guide and discover ways to make a lady laugh into the way that is easiest.
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Learn how to glance at things, phenomena, and behaviors deeper, viewing them from various edges. Wit is nothing but going beyond the rational judgment. Having discovered and unexpectedly knew a rational mistake, you are able to create an original and joke that is long-remembered. Remember: humor must certanly be appropriate. Rough and jokes that are inappropriate not just ruin the feeling but the attitude of others near you. Do not make enjoyable of other individuals not Knowing how they shall respond to your unique humor.
Funny concerns may be a good pastime even regarding the very first date. Should you feel that the intonations that are serious your discussion result in a concrete psychological stress, it is best to use the stress off. Try not to startasking funny concerns that will ridicule any individual characteristics for the woman – this scenario is much more suitable for the next and subsequent dates.
Secondly, in this real method, you should check just just how well toned the lady’s feeling of humor is. All things considered, if she will not know how to joke and cheer, then sheis a downer that is real. Therefore, try to find the lady with that you shall be on the exact same revolution.
1. If for starters you became a man, what would you do first day? Allow her to useimagination and tell what, in her opinion, is the thing that is best about being fully a man. Trust me, it shall be extremely funny. In addition, this will be a fantastic starting for the discussion about sex functions in society. However, if you Need stuff that is just funny state to produce individuals laugh, a conversation about Gender roles is not the thing that is
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Multifaceted Bioinspiration for Improving the Shaft Resistance of Deep Foundations
This paper describes the bioinspiration process to derive design concepts for new deep foundation systems that have greater axial capacity per unit volume of pile material compared to conventional deep foundations. The study led to bioinspired ideas that provide greater load capacity by increasing the pile shaft resistance. The bioinspiration approach used problem-solving strategies to define the problem and transfer strategies from biology to geotechnical engineering. The bioinspiration considered the load transfer mechanism of hydroskeletons and the anchorage of the earthworm, razor clam, kelp, and lateral roots of plants. The biostrategies that were transferred to the engineering domain included a flexible but incompressible core, passive behaviour against external loading, a longitudinally split shell that allows expansion for anchorage, and lateral root-type or setae-type anchoring elements. The concepts of three bioinspired deep foundation systems were proposed and described. The advantage of this approach was illustrated with two examples of the new laterally expansive pile in drained sand under axial compression. The finite element analysis of these examples showed that the new laterally expansive pile can provide considerably greater load capacity compared to a conventional cylindrical pile due to the increased lateral confining pressure developed along the expanded pile core.
Introduction
Identifying and studying behaviours and strategies found in organisms to learn from them and extract desirable ideas to solve problems or enhance solutions in geotechnical engineering is a relatively new subdiscipline within biogeotechnics [1] . Nature can be a mentor, a benchmark, and a model because human beings can learn from nature, measure correctness of their current solutions based on it, and take inspiration from it [2] . The end goal of learning from nature and biological organisms is often invention and creation. Having this common goal has led researchers to use different terms such as biomimetics, biomimicry, and bioinspiration with similar meaning [3] . In this paper, bioinspiration refers to the process of learning from one or more organisms or being inspired by them with the purpose of solving a problem or improving a process in another field. When successful, the outcome of bioinspiration is a solution to a problem or a more effective design.
Bioinspiration may start by studying, in detail, one or more selected organisms, describing their forms and behaviour, and then identifying potential applications of these observations (i.e., solution-based design methodology). Another approach to bioinspiration consists of describing the problem and searching for one or more biological analogues that can provide strategies to arrive at a new or improved solution to the target problem (i.e., problem-based design methodology). In the problem-driven process, it is important to use a systematic process for problem solving to avoid time consuming searches that may not yield desirable or useful results. In most cases, there are noticeable differences between the way how biological species behave and how technical problems with analogous circumstances are solved applying conventional engineering methods [4] . Bioinspiration may lead to solutions or alternative better solutions compared to the current practice. For example, energy and material consumption in bioinspired solutions may be low comparted to conventional engineering methods [5] . Other important features of an ideal bioinspired system may be simplicity, durability (working properly during a pre-defined life span), ease of control, and sustainability [6] . TRIZ (an acronym for "Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch" in Russian) is a framework for problem solving [7] that includes these main strategies: defining the problem and the characteristics and functions of the desired solution or outcome; identifying the technical contradictions (i.e., desired improvement in one technical aspect of the solution is at the expense of another part of the solution getting worse) to achieve the desired function(s) based on available technology; and systematically selecting from a list of "inventive principles" of TRIZ [7] the combination of the most desirable parameters (i.e., those that overcome the technical contradictions) that constitute the solution to the problem. The TRIZ framework can be useful to transfer a solution from one discipline to another [8] and has been used in engineering design [5,9,10] . Transferring ideas from biology to engineering can be done at different levels, depending on the similarities between the technical problem and the selected biological model (i.e., when the characteristics of the technical problem are significantly different from those of the biological model, the analysis of the biological model should start at a fundamental knowledge level) [11] .
The potential of bioinspiration for new designs in civil engineering was illustrated by Hu et al. describing the bioinspired designs used in several bridge projects [12] . Another example was an analytical study of the performance of trees from a structural engineering perspective only to transfer basic design concepts of these structural characteristics to simple moment frames under combined external loading conditions [13] . Bioinspiration has also been implemented to solve geotechnical engineering problems. Drawing inspiration from the earthworm
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operates correctly over a large range of conditions, without requiring any modification.
(A to E) Mark I3, robot experiments (movie S1). (F) Mark I3, simulation (movie S2, side by side with a run on the robots). (G) Mark I4, simulation (movie S4). (H) Mark II3, simulation (movie S5). (I) Mark II4, simulation (movie S6).
We report the parameters that characterize each experimental setting in which each variant of TS-Swarm was studied. The scalability study was performed using the default number of robots in each setting. Between one setting and the following one, we doubled the surface of the arena in which the robots operate (see Materials and Methods). The robustness study was performed while varying the number of robots between −20 and +100% with respect to the default number of each setting.
Shape and size of the arenas considered for the scalability and robustness study of (A) Mark I3 (movie S3) and Mark II3 and (B) Mark I4 and Mark II4.
Empirical run-time distributions for the execution of 1 (dotted lines), 5 (dot-dash lines), and 10 (solid lines) sequences. (A) Mark I3, robot experiments. (B) Mark I3, simulation. (C) Mark I4, simulation. (D) Mark II3, simulation. (E) Mark II4, simulation.
(A) Mark I3. (B) Mark I4. (a to e) Scalability studies using the default number of robots in five arenas of different size (see Table 1 and Materials and Methods). Empirical run-time distributions for the execution of 1 (dotted lines), 5 (dot-dash lines), and 10 (solid lines) sequences. (f to j) Robustness to variation in the number of robots between −20 and +100% of the default number (see Table 1 and Materials and Methods). Empirical run-time distributions for the execution of 10 sequences. (k to o) Empirical distributions of the number of robots in the chain as a function of the total number of robots. Arena areas: 2.10 m2 (a, f, and k), 4.21 m2 (b, g, and l), 8.42 m2 (c, h, and m), 16.84 m2 (d, i, and n), and 33.67 m2 (e, j, and o).
In Mark I4, four tasks can be sequenced due to a minor difference relative to Mark I3: A single counter that counts to four rather than three. We studied Mark I4 in simulation (Figs. 2G and 3 and Table 1). The results show that the first assumptions of Mark I3 can be overcome (Figs. 4C and 5B): More than three tasks can be sequenced.
Mark II3 and Mark II4
In Mark II3, runners must perform an entire sequence before receiving any feedback. Because of the lack of immediate feedback, which in Mark I3 breaks the initial symmetry, all guardians initiate the construction of a branch of the chain immediately after assuming their role. Upon completion, the chain is a closed loop that, besides routing runners as Mark I3’s chain, has the additional function of relaying information. By exchanging messages via the chain, the guardians (i) establish an initial sequence, out of which they generate a permutation tree spanning all possible sequences, and (ii) direct the runners to collectively explore such tree via depth-first search. The guardians establish an initial sequence by ordering themselves via a leader election algorithm (44). Each guardian communicates its unique identifier (ID) that is relayed by the chain. The guardian with the largest ID takes the label c and sends a message that is relayed clockwise along the closed-loop chain. The message contains the label b. The first guardian that receives the message takes the label b and propagates label a, which is eventually taken by the last guardian. Each guardian generates the tree of the permutations of the sequence (a, b, c). The tree is then collectively explored by the swarm via depth-first search. As a first step, the guardians address the runners to the tasks guarded by a, b, and c, in this order; as a second step, to the tasks guarded by a, c, and b; as a third step to the tasks guarded by b, a, and c, and so on. A failure reported by a runner after completing a sequence triggers the transition to the following one. On the other hand, a success indicates that the correct sequence has been identified. The exploration of the permutation tree is distributed. Throughout the process, all robots act reactively (sense-act), and each guardian has only partial knowledge about the sequence
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legislation to e.g. reduce pesticide use, protected pollinator habitat etc., leading to increased operating costs or a need to change business practice. Operational: potential impacts of pollinator decline in crop yield or quality leading to narrowing profit margins.
Financial: constraints in securing finance as a result of investor concern regarding declining pollinators.
Reputational and marketing: consumer concern regarding pollinator decline may lead to negative perception of company brand. Companies linked pollinator decline to potential business risk, in particular operational and reputational/marketing risk (Figure 6). Increasing global demand for raw materials associated with the growth of middle-class upcoming economies could further exacerbate this risk. Demand for cocoa from countries such as China and India, for example, could outpace supply. If supply becomes compromised as a result of decline in pollination services, greater price increases could result.
Financial, legal and regulatory risks associated with pollinator decline were perceived as relatively low. The long-term nature of the issue, in comparison to more immediate issues such as water scarcity, makes it challenging for companies to link typical business drivers like profit generation or sales to risks associated with pollinator decline. With longer timeframes associated with this risk, it is difficult to make the case for investing in management actions to address pollinator decline.
One company explained that businesses are not designed to approve an investment case that will provide benefits in 10 years’ time; they take a shorter term view to investments to increase profit within a year. Companies require scientifically robust evidence of pollinator decline and information on how this will directly impact their bottom lines before they can act. This evidence is either lacking or not in a format that is accessible and useable by business. For almost all crops, further research is required to determine the impact of pollinators on crop yields, the status of pollinators and the implications of this for security and cost of supply.
P a g e | 15 Figure 6. Respondents associated different levels of importance to the potential business risks resulting from pollinator decline. Box 2: Case studies – potential business risks from pollinator decline The range and importance of potential risks identified varied from company to company; however, a common risk cited was operational risk. The table below shows the results from our discussions with Mars, Jordans and The Body Shop.
P a g e | 16 Identifying dependency of raw materials on pollinators is in its infancy Less than half of the surveyed companies had a clear picture of which of their raw materials were dependent on pollinators. Companies sourcing a limited number of raw materials were more aware of which materials are at potential risk from pollination decline. Typical crops that were identified include cocoa beans, apples and other orchard fruits, sunflower and rapeseed, almonds, blueberries, and honey and beeswax (Figure 7). Unsurprisingly, companies with complex supply chains struggled to identify priority raw materials that are at potential risk.
Many of the companies noted a gap and a need for information that illustrates which commodities depend on pollinators. They were keen to understand where pollinators are in decline or at risk in relation to their supply chains in order to help inform sourcing decisions and investments. Such information is not available for all commodities. Not all companies with perceived risk exposure were managing that risk Only half of the survey respondents reported that their company has taken steps to reduce corporate risks from pollinator decline. Actions included site-level action on pollinator decline (25 per cent), engagement programmes with suppliers on pollinator decline (38 per cent), and integration of steps to avoid and manage impacts and dependence on pollinators into environmental management systems or sustainable agriculture systems (13 per cent).
P a g e | 17 Box 3: Case studies – identifying potential risks and opportunities in supply chains Supply chain vulnerability to pollinator decline is a function of the location of commodities sourced, the extent to which they are dependent on pollinators and the potential for the pollinators to be replaced. Priority commodities for assessing risk associated with pollinator decline are those bought by companies in largest volume and/or those that are irreplaceable in products. The three case study companies identified the following priority commodities potentially exposed to risk: Almonds: Jordans (sourced from California), The Body Shop (sourced from Spain) Brazil nuts: Jordans (from Bolivia) and The Body Shop (from Peru) Blueberries: Jordans (from Canada and the USA) Cocoa: Mars (from across South America, Africa and South East Asia) Rapeseed: Jordans (from Europe) Virgin coconut oil: The Body Shop (from Samoa) This did not represent an exhaustive supply chain review, but gives insights into potential priorities.
Figure 7. Priority commodities identified by Mars, Jordans and The Body Shop. For Jordans, almonds are a key product and an ingredient used in their branding. This increases the company’s risk relating to pollinator decline. Jordans growers typically invest in
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using thedut − ung − method as described previously (38). Mutant promoter fragments were subsequently cloned into the pGL2 luciferase reporter vector. Mutations of the CD4 silencer S2 region were generated from the Δ1Δ3 silencer template using an overlap extension PCR as described previously (24). The following primers (Gibco BRL, Sigma/Genosys) were used: 5′ GGG CAC ATC CCA TTT TTT GGC TAG AGT GGG 3′ and 5′ CCC ACT CTA GCC AAA AAA TGG GAT GTG CCC 3′. The external primers used were either T7 or M13R. PCR products were subcloned into pCR 2.1-TOPO vector (Invitrogen). DNA sequencing analysis and restriction enzyme digests confirmed each mutation. Mutant silencers were subcloned into the pTG construct, which contains the CD4 transcriptional control elements and the human HLA-B7 gene as a marker (10).
Generation of transgenic mice.Generation of transgenic mice using this DNA was carried out using previously described methods (18). Prior to injection, the transgenic DNA insert was excised from the vector DNA and separated across a sucrose gradient as previously described (10). Purified insert DNA was dialyzed against transgenic injection buffer (5 mM Tris [pH 7.5], 0.1 mM EDTA) and injected at a concentration of 5 to 10 μg/ml (18). Transgenic founder mice were identified by the staining of peripheral lymphocytes as described below and by PCR analysis of genomic DNA. Multiple expressing founders for each construct were generated and analyzed.
Flow cytometry.All analyses were performed on 3- to 6-week-old littermates housed in the pathogen-free Animal Facility of the Herbert W. Irving Cancer Center at Columbia University. The following monoclonal antibody reagents were obtained from Pharmingen to identify peripheral T cells using previously described protocols (36): allophycocyanin-conjugated RM4-5 (anti-CD4) and peridinin chlorophyll-A protein-conjugated 53-6.7 (anti-CD8α). The transgenic marker was stained with a phycoerythrin-conjugated ME-1 (anti-HLA-B7) antibody. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with α-CD4, α-CD8, and α-ME-1. T cells were identified based on their expression of CD4 or CD8 and then assessed for their expression of HLA-B7. Representative progeny from all founder mice were analyzed; typical results from one founder are shown. Analyses were performed using the FACSCalibur flow cytometer and CellQuest software (Becton Dickinson) at the Flow Cytometry Facility of the Herbert W. Irving Cancer Center at Columbia University.
Transient transfection of T-cell lines.The CD4+CD8− TH clone D10 was transfected using previously described methods (22, 38). Briefly, test and control plasmids were cotransfected into cells by the DEAE-dextran method; the test plasmid contained the experimental CD4 promoter subcloned upstream of the luciferase gene in the pGL2 vector, and the transfection control plasmid contained the Renilla luciferase gene under the control of the herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase promoter (pRL-TK; Promega). The total amount of DNA added to each transfection point was kept constant with the addition of the pGL2 vector. Cells were harvested after 48 h, and extracts were prepared for the Dual Luciferase assay as recommended by the manufacturer (Promega). Renilla and firefly luciferase levels were measured using a TD 20/20 Luminometer (Turner Designs). Results shown are averaged for 3 to 7 experiments per data point.
Characterization of the S2-binding factor.The CD4 silencer contains three factor-binding sites, referred to as S1, S2, and S3, that were originally defined by DNase footprinting analyses (10). As discussed above, HES-1 and the novel transcription factor SAF bind to S1 and S3, respectively (22, 23). To characterize the S2-binding factor further, we conducted EMSAs with oligonucleotides encompassing the S2 region (Fig.1 and 2). The S2L probe encompasses the complete S2 footprint as well as an additional 40 bp that flank the site. Incubation of this probe with nuclear extracts from either CD4 SP TH- or CD8 SP TC-cell clones resulted in the formation of a single complex (Fig. 2A and data not shown). We have been unable to detect other complexes with this probe using a variety of
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become the norm throughout society, with fewer people choosing to go out into their garden or work on DIY projects. There are many negative effects that prolonged sitting can have on your body; not only does it affect circulation but it also leads to bad posture, something that has been associated with increased risk of chronic illness. If you’re waking up every morning with back pain because you sat down too long, many devices prevent this. One of these is the office chair back support cushion; it’s comfortable and doesn’t take up much space so you can use it in any chair
Problems Associated with Uncomfortable Chairs
Anyone who works in an office knows how uncomfortable your average chairs are after 8 hours. The horseshoe-shaped seat digs into your thighs, making you shift around to get into a good position. If you do manage to find a pillow for an office desk chair that somewhat supports your lower back, chances are it won’t be very breathable or soft, meaning little relief for the parts which needed the most help in the first place. If you are looking to buy a support pillow online, click here.
Studies have found that sitting on hard surfaces leads to decreased blood flow, making you more likely to suffer from back pain. It is even more important for those who work on computers, as the position of the body can cause your hip flexor muscles to shorten, which often leads to lower back pain. This is because they are constantly in tension whenever you’re sitting upright; they act like rubber bands that pull against your spine and affect the alignment of your pelvis causing poor posture.
Why Do You Need an Office Chair Back Support Cushion?
If you want to avoid these problems, then invest in an office chair cushion like this one. Sitting on a hard surface deforms the pelvic bones, changes how weight is distributed through the hips and causes slouching which exacerbates existing problems with blood flow. The unique ergonomic design means it fits perfectly into any chair, no matter if it’s a swivel chair or standard office seat. There are ridges to prevent slouching but the cushion is soft enough not to cause pain.
The shape was designed by professionals after extensive research into how best to provide comfort and support wherever you need it most. It shapes itself around your back, filling in all of those hollows that form between bones after time, supporting you so you can sit up straight again instead of hunching over your desk. Unlike others, cushions allow for efficient use of space so no problems are fitting it onto chairs with arms; simply slide right on.
What Type of Chair Support Cushion Is Right For You?
Only five significant kinds of chair support cushions are available of all the different types. Each has its unique features and forms in which they come in, but all work to provide a greater degree of comfort during long office sessions.
Their primary purpose is to allow you to sit more comfortably without too much strain on your lower back while also maintaining proper sitting posture with no real effort required on your part (unlike other types of seat pads that need constant re-adjustment). Here are the five types:
1. Round Circle Shape
This cushion’s most common type provides good lumbar support due to its ergonomic shape created by its circle design. It can be utilized in virtually any upright seated task; however, it’s especially effective when used with a desk or office chair.
They can be found in various materials and densities, depending on the manufacturer and model. It’s important to note that most round/circular cushion types are designed with only one thickness, meaning they cannot be customized to meet your comfort levels.
2. Rectangular Shape
As opposed to round cushions, this type is built from a single block of material designed with both high and low (or variable) densities within it. The result is more significant support and customization for each user based on their needs and preferences.
Rectangular-shaped seat pads tend to provide better lumbar support than other designs; however, some people find them uncomfortable due to how narrow the base is (especially if you’re overweight) as it’s not as comprehensive as the design.
3. Semi-Circular Shape
One of the more unique designs for this type of chair back support cushion typically comprises one high and one low-density block within their shape; however, they also incorporate two smaller semi-circular/oval parts that extend from each side for added comfort and stability. This creates a greater degree of versatility than other types, mainly because users can customize the length and curvature of the extended portions to fit their personal preferences.
4. Wedge Shape & Lumbar Support Cushions
Wedges are typically built with two densities; however, the positioning of each is what makes them different from other types of seat cushions. They are either designed with the high-density part on top, which supports the upper back while sitting upright, or they are built with the high part situated under your butt, which offers lumbar-based support for those who tend to sit more “slumped” in their chairs.
These are great for people who have problems sitting up straight because
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, and list of constituent atoms suggested by this sole molecular boundary is (5,6). Based on these observations, we conclude that the partial hierarchical clustering procedure finds different parts of the financial molecule if we start from different constituent atoms. These different parts, however, are consistent with the molecular structure of the six-atom financial molecule shown in Figure 5, which we deduce by taking the union of the different lists of constituent atoms, and drawing bonds based on the rules listed above. Different starting constituent atoms also give us different lists of constituent non-atomic stocks. Again, we take the union of these lists, and find that the constituent non-atomic stocks are most strongly correlated with the financial atoms 3, 4, and 8. Because their strong sub-atomic correlations with multiple financial atoms, we can interpret these constituent non-atomic stocks as 'bonding' stocks. Figure 5 is nested, deduced from the second natural boundaries in the partial hierarchical clustering histories of the strong financial atoms 3, 4, and 5. Compositions of the three additional participating weak financial atoms are shown in the table above, as are additional non-atomic stocks. The bonds are drawn with c 1 = 280 and c 2 = 262.
In Figure 5, we see that this six-atom financial molecule consists of two three-atom clusters, (3, 4, 7) and (5, 6, 8), connected by a single bond between atoms 3 and 8. Inspection of atomic compositions tells us that the property atom 5, banking atom 6, and shipping atom 8 consist mostly of local companies, whereas the manufacturing atoms 3, 4 and 7 consist only of Chinese companies listed on the SGX or China-related local companies. Most of the non-atomic stocks are also stocks of Chinese or China-related companies. The larger 10-atom financial molecule shown in Figure 6, suggested by the statistically more significant second boundaries in the partial hierarchical clustering histories of financial atoms 3, 4, and 5, tells an even more intricate story. Apart from the nested sixatom molecular core shown in Figure 5, we find also the participation of financial atoms 1, 9, 10, and 11. In this larger financial molecule, we find the same basic topology: a cluster of China related atoms {3, 4, 7, 9}, and a cluster of local atoms {1, 5, 6, 8, 11}. Apart from the direct bonding between financial atoms 3 and 8, the two clusters are also bonded indirectly through the weak bonds between atoms 3 and 8 with the TSC atom 10. We believe it is likely that in 2005 or 2006, the two clusters might actually represent two distinct financial molecules, which became increasingly correlated with each other in the period leading up to, and beyond, the end-Feb 2007 market crash known as the Chinese Correction. In the HKSE, we find also a single 13-atom financial molecule shown in Figure 7. Its molecular structure is considerably more complex than the SGX financial molecule, but we can still make out two molecular cores, {1, 6, 8, 10, 14} and {2, 5, 7, 9}, as well as a group {3, 11, 15, 16} of bridging atoms. Inspection of the atomic compositions within the first molecular core, we realized that {1, 6, 8, 10, 14} are all local atoms, whose constituent stocks are issued by companies based in Hong Kong. Apart from financial atom 14, which is a bank-ing and finance atom, the rest are all property atoms. The second molecular core {2, 5, 7, 9}, on the other hand, contains only Chinese atoms, whose constituent stocks are issued by companies based in China. Unlike the local molecular core, atoms from the Chinese molecular core are from a variety of industries, ranging from banking and finance (2, 9), to oil and energy (7), to mining and metals (5). In the bridging group of financial atoms, we find a mix between local and Chinese atoms, primarily from the property market (3, 15, 16) and mining industry (11). In addition to indirect bonding of the two molecular cores through the bridging group of atoms, we also find strong direct bonds between the local atom 1 and Chinese atoms 2 and 9. The non-atomic stocks are also of mixed local and Chinese origins, representing a mixture of industries. These are strongly correlated with nearly every constituent atom, and can most appropriately be interpreted as a 'valence cloud' of the financial molecule. Unlike the situation in the SGX,
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Domestic and family violence (DFV) is a significant social problem that is found in all societies, cultures, and socio-economic backgrounds. Australian-Muslims are under-researched on DFV issues. This chapter explores the correlates associated with DFV using focus group data with various community-leaders living in South-East Queensland. Findings illustrate some unique characteristics of DFV relevant to Australian-Muslims that distinguish them from mainstream Australians such as misusing religious text and scriptures, contribution of culture, burden of men's financial responsibility vs women's work-choices, clash of cultures when living in Australia, loss of extended family support and social support networks, in-law contribution to abuse, and foreign spouses lack of awareness of the law. Findings are important for the design of effective strategies that challenge core assumptions towards DFV which promote and justify DFV. It highlights the importance of working within the cultural and religious framework in preventing DFV for cultural groups.
Domestic and family violence (hereafter referred to as DFV)1, is increasingly a focal topic of research worldwide. Global prevalence rates indicate that 35% of women worldwide have experienced either DFV or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2013), making it the leading cause of injuries to women of reproductive age in America (Portwood & Heany, 2007). In Australia, women (17%) were more likely than men (6.1%) to experience violence by a partner (Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2017b) with an estimated 87% of domestic violence victims being women (Healey, 2005). Other statistics state that one in four Australian women have experienced physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner (Cox, 2015). Often the male-perpetrator is not only known to the female-victim, but has also betrayed the intimate relationship with her by making the home, the greatest place of safety, a threat (Dobash & Dobash, 1979; Portwood & Heany, 2007).
Domestic and family violence, that ranges from mild verbal-abuse to severe physical-violence and even death, has occupied many researchers from various disciplines of criminology, psychology, social work, sociology and public health (Barnett, Miller-Perrin, & Perrin, 2005; Natarajan, 2007). Though the problem of DFV is common to almost all societies, it is expressed differently in varying communities (Hajjar, 2004). Its impact on public health is significant in its physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health effects and statistics indicate that more women (4,600 as compared to 1,700 men) are being hospitalised due to DFV and becoming homeless (78% or 94,100) (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), 2019). Violence against women symbolises a potentially fatal threat to women (Fortune, 1991).
In its many forms, violence against women costs the Australian community $22 billion in 2015-16 (KPMG, 2016). The consequences of DFV are not limited to economic costs, but in fact encompasses health-costs (Mouzos & Houliaras, 2006), psychological-costs or hidden-costs (McCloskey & Grigsby, 2005), neurological-costs (Campbell & Soeken, 1999) and social-costs (Fugate, Landis, Riordan, Naureckas, & Engel, 2005). Research suggests that culturally and linguistically-diverse (CaLD) women are less likely to seek assistance or report to police, due to various known barriers that exist (AIHW, 2019; Family and Domestic Violence Unit (FDVU), 2006; Phillips & Carrington, 2006).
Lack of awareness of the extent of DFV was mainly due to the nature of DFV as a hidden, unnoticed, or an ignored issue (Dobash & Dobash, 1979; Gelles, 2000; Phillips & Carrington, 2006). This makes it difficult to successfully combat this social problem that sees no socioeconomic, cultural or religious boundaries (Barnes, 2001; Haj-Yahia, 2000a). Although research within the wider Australian population has provided some important findings on the factors that are predicted to influence DFV (FDVU, 2006; Healey, 2005; Mouzos & Makkai, 2004), further research is still required.
Foreign Spouses: Spouses of
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On tilted Giraud subcategories
Firstly we provide a technique to move torsion pairs in abelian categories via adjoint functors and in particular through Giraud subcategories. We apply this point in order to develop a correspondence between Giraud subcategories of an abelian category $C$ and those of its tilt $H(C)$ i.e., the heart of a t-structure on $D(C)$ induced by a torsion pair.
Introduction
One of the most useful process in Abelian category theory is the so-called localization of an abelian category D to a quotient category D/S by means of a Serre class S in D. When S is a localizing subcategory in the sense of [?], the canonical exact functor D → D/S has a fully faithful right adjoint functor S : D/S → D which allows to deal with D/S as a full subcategory of D, which is called a Giraud subcategory of D. Dualizing the context, one get the notion of a co-Giraud subcategory. Giraud and co-Giraud subcategories very often appear in the literature in very different settings (see 1.3).
On the other side, in 1981 Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne introduced the notion of t-structure on a triangulated category related to the study of the derived category of constructible sheaves on a stratified space. Actually the notion of t-structure is a generalization of the notion of torsion pair on an abelian category (see for example [?]). In their work [?] Happel, Reiten and Smalo related the study of torsion pairs to Tilting theory and t-structures. In particular given an abelian category C one can construct many non-trivial t-structures on its derived category D b (C) by the procedure of tilting at a torsion pair (see 4.5).
Inspired by the fundamental role of localizing subcategories in the study of problems of gluing abelian categories or even triangulated categories we propose in this work a bridge between the two previous abstract contexts. The main progress in the present paper is to show how the process of (co-) localizing moves from a basic abelian category to the level of its tilt, with respect to a torsion pair, and viceversa.
On the one side we deal with a (co-) Giraud subcategory C of D, looking the way torsion pairs on D reflect on C and, conversely, torsion pairs on C extend to D: in particular we find a one to one correspondence between arbitrary torsion pairs (T , F ) on C and the torsion pairs (X , Y) on D which are "compatible" with the (co-) localizing functor (Theorems 3.4 and 3.9).
On the other side, we compare this action of "moving" torsion pairs from D to C (and viceversa) with a "tilting context": more precisely, we look at the associated hearts H D and H C with respect to the torsion pairs (T , F ) on C and (X , Y) on D, respectively, proving that H C is still a (co-) Giraud subcategory of H D , and that the "tilted" torsion pairs in the two hearts are still related (Theorems 5.3 and 5.5).
Here the ambient Abelian category D is arbitrary, with the unique request that the inclusion functor of C into D admits a right derived functor.
Finally given any Abelian category D endowed with a torsion pair (X , Y), and considering any Giraud subcategory C ′ of the associated heart H D which is "compatible" with the "tilted" torsion pair on H D , we prove in Theorem 5.6 how to recover a Giraud subcategory C of D such that C ′ is equivalent to the heart H C (with respect to the induced torsion pair).
Serre, Giraud and co-Giraud subcategories
We begin by fixing some notations on Serre, Giraud and co-Giraud subcategories. A complete account on quotient categories and Serre classes can be found in [?, Chapter 3] and [?, Section 1.11].
Definition 1.1. Let D be an abelian category. A Serre class S in D is a full subcategory S of D such that for any short exact sequence 0→X 1 →X 2 →X 3 →0 in D the middle term X 2 belongs to S if and only if X 1 , X 3 belong to S.
The data of an abelian category D and a Serre class S of D allow to construct a new abelian category, denoted by D/S, called the quotient category of D by S (see [?]). It turns out that D/S is abelian and the canonical
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distribution in a wave function. Measuring ''the value'' of
such an observable to a degree more accurate than allowed
by its identification in a reasonable WKB-approximation is simply
impossible, because at such an accuracy there is no
unique notion of what it should mean in terms of observations.
(If, on the other hand, an operator like $p_\phi$ happens to
commute with ${\cal H}$ in a simple model, we have the exceptional
case of a completely well-defined observable
whose eigenstates satisfy the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and need
no approximate WKB-arguments for their identification).
Maybe a final answer to the question what kind of experience
one could make in almost genuine quantum gravitational
situations
amounts to feed the theory with information about all the
particular objects present there, in particular
the human body, including the brain and the like.
\medskip
On the conceptual level (leaving cosmology for the moment),
one might object that at least the problem of the final state
of black holes should provide an observational
''window'' towards a full quantum gravity
\cite{Kieferpriv}.
This is certainly true, but the experimental device by which
physical observations of quantum black holes are performed will,
for example, be at some distance from these objects
(or ''separated'' from them by the appearance of largely different
energy scales) and thus in a WKB-type environment.
Nevertheless, the wave function satisfies the Wheeler-DeWitt equation
exactly. In this sense, the final state of black holes is
''described'' by full quantum gravity, and the non-WKB features
of the wave function in certain domains of (mini)superspace will
of course be essential.
Although the mathematical details are far from being clear,
this seems to be a beautiful example how an exact underlying
mathematical framework might interplay with the approximate
nature of extracting physical information.
Posing questions that refer to a situation too ''close'' to
such a quantum gravity process would run into the problem that the
precise description of some ''measurement'' (that {\it should} be
performed in order to test the theory) becomes impossible
{\it on account of the nature of the process itself}.
\medskip
Summarizing, a ''minimal'' interpretation of
quantum cosmology that relies on $(\H,Q)$ as the
only fundamental mathematical structure makes a quite
radical point of view possible:
Quantum cosmology (quantum gravity) virtually destroys the
language of physics and limits the realm of nature
in which we can reasonably talk about observations
--- independent of who performs them --- and
thus about physics. A true ''Planck scale physics''
would exist primarily as a mathematical theory, and
its relation to ''experience'' is unclear and tends
to transcend what is usually called the ''physical world''.
We have presented our arguments only in the minisuperspace
approximation, but in principle one can try to implement
analogous ideas --- in particular the ''minimality'' of the
scheme --- to a full quantum cosmological framework.
The main goal such a framework could possibly achieve
is to show {\it how} the concepts of usual physics are hidden
therein, and to extract predictions for all observations that
can be formulated in the conventional physics' language {\it and}
that actually {\it can be performed}.
We admit that our approach does not tell us {\it why} just
these identifications between approximate mathematical
structures and observations have to be made.
We leave it open whether a ''completion'' is possible
and which philosophical status it would have.
\medskip
\section{Comments}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Despite the extensive use of WKB-techniques, the
underlying structure of our program consists of inserting
solutions
of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation into the scalar product $Q$.
This was our starting point, and it
raises the question how a formalism based on
numbers $Q(\psi_1,\psi_2)$
relates to a Bohm-type interpretation using
(\ref{probab1}) as a measure on the set of flow-lines
$y_{\rm flow}(\tau)$ of $j$. In terms of this
interpretation,
it is possible to associate with each pencil of flow
lines a relative probability, irrespective of how narrow the
pencil is. However, the expression (\ref{probab1})
{\it cannot} simply be written down in terms
of numbers of the type $Q(\Xi,\psi)$,
with $\Xi$ being a solution of the Wheeler-DeWitt
equation. It is rather of the type $Q(\psi',\psi')$, where
$\psi'(y)$ is a function
|
that ail every other comparable country ever. Inclusive nationalism and friendly capitalism – the fresh idea from Scotland.
Phil I think the SNP have British establishment written all over them myself, standing for Westminster was the give away.
Salmond, himself I feel was genuine but after the vote why did he stand down? It was almost like the pressure was far beyond just party or media like he had the full force of the state up his backside. I think most Scots would have been happy with him staying on and leading on, and initially he appeared to be doing that.
I’m sorry call me a cynic but the post referendum SNP have behaved like little more than “managed opposition” and they have done an excellent job of keeping labour in their place and out of office.
The SNP are irrelevent, they will probably disband once independence is secure.
I know the left in Scotland is more powerful than the left in the UK or in England, hence the left in an independent Scotland will be significantly more influential on the govt than the British left is in the UK. Further it will be undeniable that the independence movement was predominantly leftist, hence iScotland will be a nation at least having to credit leftist values for it’s existence which will further preserve the influence of the left within it. Why should I want to remain in a UK in which my likes has little or fleeting influence, almost none as a Scot, when I can have so much more?
Further if an independent Scotland tends to the left of England and is successful, that can only empower the left in England by comparison, the English will rightly ask why they can’t do the same.
You’re incorrect about the British left, were stronger by the day. Just watch.we’re already taking it to Liam Byrne and the despicable right wing Birmingham labour.
The British left has never in my lifetime been this unified, and I’ve never known such an influx of intelligent youth thought. People who just amaze me with their can do attitudes.
The question isn’t how much will power is there it’s how far the state is prepared to go to put us down.
US State department statement.
“Catalonia is an integral part of Spain, and the United States supports the Spanish government’s constitutional measures to keep Spain strong and united,” State Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert said in a statement.
“For EU nothing changes. Spain remains our only interlocutor. I hope the Spanish government favors force of argument, not argument of force,” Tusk tweeted after the Catalan vote.
Declarations do not an independent country make. That requires international recognition.
The German Federal Government does not recognize the unilateral statement of independence by the regional parliament.
France has offered Rajoy their full support and Cyprus has said they do not recognise Catalan UDI.
France will be very willing to send in brute force to sort out the Catalans.
How do you know this Fred?
Can you give a link or reference to back that up?
Even if it was secret if that was the routine practice of the assembly it is valid. Also those present and those who voted are known as are the positions of the parties on the constitutional question. So it is not hard to work out who voted which way especially with the walkout by the unionist parties.
BTW the only point of a walkout is if it removes a quorum from the assembly as does not seem to be the case in Catalonia in which case it is just sour grapes and an abandonment of their responsibility as representatives.
He’s a definite shoe-in.
That would be a good point if it was true. He does not want to be the next Tory leader, he’s been very direct in saying he does not seek leadership of the party at all. To be clear, I’m not a fan of his. His idiocy in this particular situation is fuelled not by political beliefs but by religious beliefs; the historic brainwashing of humanity.
(I put this up earlier on the ‘Banning Democracy’ thread, but it is relevant here).
London should declare independence then, they are financing the UK same argument as the Catalans.
So, why don’t they? Is it just their altuism that holds them back?
You are presuming that london actually acknowledges the existence of the rest of the country.
No I’m not, I feel absolutely no solidarity with anyone based on where they live. London’s good, Glasgow and Edinburgh, I like.
No it’s not a good place.
2) blockchain dystopia?
Fascinating article. I agree that dark times do indeed seem to be on their way.
I’m hoping that Scotland becomes the first country to recognise the Republic of Catalonia, if no other nation beats us to it.
Maybe Slovenia will too, if it hasn’t already.
Diplomatic relations with foreign countries (including, obviously, recognition) are a matter for the UK central government. Hence your hope is a forlorn one as I’m sure Ms Sturgeon – unlike you – is well aware.
The best the Scottish Assembly could do, provided that the SNP could scrape together a majority
|
Jesús Mosterín
Jesús Mosterín (24 September 1941 – 4 October 2017) was a leading Spanish philosopher and a thinker of broad spectrum, often at the frontier between science and philosophy.
Biography.
He was born in Bilbao in 1941. He studied in Spain, Germany and the USA. Professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science at the University of Barcelona since 1983, he founded there an active Department of Logic, Philosophy and History of Science. Since 1996, he has been Research Professor at the National Research Council of Spain (CSIC). He is a fellow of the Center for Philosophy of Science in Pittsburgh and a member of several international academies. He has played a crucial role in the introduction of mathematical logic, analytical philosophy and philosophy of science in Spain and Latin America. Besides his academic duties, he has fulfilled important functions in the international publishing industry, especially in the Salvat and Hachette groups. He was actively involved in the protection of wildlife and its defense in the mass media. He died the 4th of October, 2017 from pleural mesothelioma, caused by exposure to asbestos.
Logic.
Mosterín acquired his initial logical formation at the Institut für mathematische Logik und Grundlagenforschung in Münster (Germany). He published the first modern and rigorous textbooks of logic and set theory in Spanish. He has worked on topics of first and second order logic, axiomatic set theory, computability and complexity. He has shown how the uniform digitalization of each type of symbolic object (such as chromosomes, texts, pictures, movies or pieces of music) can be considered to implement a certain positional numbering system. This result gives a precise meaning to the notion that the set of natural numbers constitutes a universal library and indeed a universal data base. Mosterín has edited the first edition of the complete works of Kurt Gödel in any language. Together with Thomas Bonk, he has edited an unpublished book of Rudolf Carnap on axiomatics (in German). He has also delved in the historical and biographical aspects of the development of modern logic, as shown in his original work on the lives of Gottlob Frege, Georg Cantor, Bertrand Russell, John von Neumann, Kurt Gödel and Alan Turing, intertwined with a formal analysis of their main technical contributions.
Philosophy of science.
Concepts and theories in science.
Karl Popper tried to establish a criterion of demarcation between science and metaphysics, but the speculative turn taken by certain developments in theoretical physics has contributed to muddle the issue again. Mosterín has been concerned with the question of the reliability of theories and claims. He makes a distinction between the standard core of a scientific discipline, that at a certain point in time should only include relatively reliable and empirically supported ideas, and the cloud of speculative hypotheses surrounding it. Part of the theoretical progress consists in the incorporation of newly tested hypotheses of the cloud to the standard core. In this connection, he has analyzed epistemic notions like detection and observation. Observation, but not detection, is accompanied by awareness. Detection is always mediated by technological instruments, but observation only sometimes (like glasses in vision). The signals received by detectors have to be transduced into types of energy accessible to our senses. Following the path open by Patrick Suppes, Mosterín has paid much attention to the structure of metric concepts, because of their indispensable mediating role at the interface between theory and observation where reliability is tested. He has also made contributions to the study of mathematical modeling and of the limits of the axiomatic method in the characterization of real-world structures. The real world is extremely complex, and sometimes the best we can do is to apply the method of theoretical science: to pick up in the set-theoretical universe a mathematical structure with some formal similarities with the situation we are interested in, and use it as a model of that parcel of the world. Together with Roberto Torretti, Mosterín has written a uniquely comprehensive encyclopedic dictionary of logic and philosophy of science.
Philosophy of biology.
Besides actively participating in the current discussions on evolutionary theory and genetics, Mosterín has also tackled issues like the definition of life itself or the ontology of biological organisms and species. Following in Aristotle’s and Schrödinger’s footsteps, he has been asking the simple question: what is life? He has analyzed the main proposed definitions, based on metabolism, reproduction, thermodynamics, complexity and evolution, and found all of them wanting. It is true that all organisms on Earth share many characteristics, from the encoding of genetic information in DNA to the storage of energy in ATP, but these common features merely reflect the inheritance from a common ancestor that possibly acquired them in a random way. From that point of view, our biology is the parochial science of life on Earth, rather than a universal science of life
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Entering paneldata cross sectional timeseries data into spss for regression. Both columns will contain data points collected in your experiment. One or more factors are extracted according to a predefined criterion, the solution may be rotated, and factor values may be added to your data set. Factor analysis in spss to conduct a factor analysis. Getting your data into spss s11 university of guelph.
Handling statistical data is an essential part of psychological research. Introduction into spss the objective of this deck is to provide you with a howtoguide about the most common analyses you will likely conduct with spss. By default spss will list variables in the order in which they are entered into the data editor. When creating or accessing data in spss, the data editor window is used. Also covered is the difference between row numbers which are a part of the spreadsheet and id variables which are a part of the dataset and act as case identifiers.
The 5step exploratory factor analysis protocol step 1. Spss will not only compute the scoring coefficients for you, it will also output the factor scores of your subjects into your spss data set so that you can input them into other procedures. You will find that two columns have been added to the right, one for scores on factor 1 and another for scores on factor 2. In this video well take a look at how to enter questionnaire or survey data into spss and this is something that a lot of people have questions with so its important to make sure when youre. A typical likert scale item has 5 to 11 points that indicate the degree of agreement with a statement, such as 1strongly agree to 5strongly. Most importantly, you will be able to avoid data entry mistakes that can lead to. For factor analysis data entry in spss is not different than you do for other analysis.
To conduct a factor analysis, start from the analyze menu. Before using this information and the product it supports. Although this format is often convenient, when interpreting factors it can be useful. However, for data reduction through factor analysis, theoretical grounding of the variables are essential. How to code and enter data in spss expert writing help blog.
This free course, getting started with spss, takes a stepbystep approach to statistics software through seven interactive activities. Its pretty common to add the actual factor scores to your data. In spss, the first step involves defining the names and inherent traits of the variable. Spss allows you to define several other features of your analysis and to tailor your output in a manner that you find most useful. The emphasis is the identification of underlying factors that might explain the. To do this, type time in the box below withinsubject factor name, and enter a 3 in the box. This procedure is intended to reduce the complexity in a set of data, so we choose data reduction from. Ibm spss statistics 23 is wellsuited for survey research, though by no means is it limited to just this topic of exploration. Spss questionnairesurvey data entry part 1 youtube. There are several ways to enter data into spss, from entering it manually to importing it from another file. If you have already averaged your replicates in another program, you can choose to enter and plot the mean and sd or sem and n. Getting started with spss openlearn open university. Once all of the variables are defined, enter the data manually assuming that the data is not already in an.
The objective of this deck is to provide you with a howto. Before running analysis using spss a user need learn how to code and enter data in spss system. Spss variable labels and value labels are two of the great features of its ability to create a code book right in the data set. Equally, if a row contains more than one persons data, you have also made a mistake. Factor analysis window, click scores and select save as variables, regression, display factor score coefficient matrix. Therefore, when entering data into spss statistics you must put one persons data on one row only. Stepbystep instructions on how to perform a twoway anova in spss statistics using a relevant example.
However, you will be using these two columns in a different way. Spss factor can add factor scores to your data but this is often a bad idea for 2 reasons. But what if i dont have a clue which or even how many factors are represented by my data. Spss does not include confirmatory factor analysis but those who are interested could take a look at amos. Entering data as part of your companys research, a colleague designed and deployed a survey. How do i enter data into spss for a paired samples ttest. Exploratory factor analysis rijksuniversiteit groningen. It has a friendly interface that resembles an excel spreadsheet and by entering the data directly into spss, you dont need to worry about converting the data from some other format into spss. For example
|
<commit_before>// Import the utility functionality.
import jobs.generation.*;
def project = GithubProject
def branch = GithubBranchName
def projectName = Utilities.getFolderName(project)
def projectFolder = projectName + '/' + Utilities.getFolderName(branch)
def static getOSGroup(def os) {
def osGroupMap = ['Ubuntu14.04':'Linux',
'RHEL7.2': 'Linux',
'Ubuntu16.04': 'Linux',
'Debian8.4':'Linux',
'Fedora24':'Linux',
'OSX':'OSX',
'Windows_NT':'Windows_NT',
'FreeBSD':'FreeBSD',
'CentOS7.1': 'Linux',
'OpenSUSE13.2': 'Linux',
'OpenSUSE42.1': 'Linux',
'LinuxARMEmulator': 'Linux']
def osGroup = osGroupMap.get(os, null)
assert osGroup != null : "Could not find os group for ${os}"
return osGroupMap[os]
}
// Setup perflab tests runs
[true, false].each { isPR ->
['Windows_NT'].each { os ->
['x64', 'x86'].each { arch ->
[true, false].each { isSmoketest ->
def architecture = arch
def jobName = isSmoketest ? "perf_perflab_${os}_${arch}_smoketest" : "perf_perflab_${os}_${arch}"
if (arch == 'x86jit32')
{
architecture = 'x86'
testEnv = '-testEnv %WORKSPACE%\\tests\\x86\\compatjit_x86_testenv.cmd'
}
else if (arch == 'x86')
{
testEnv = '-testEnv %WORKSPACE%\\tests\\x86\\ryujit_x86_testenv.cmd'
}
def newJob = job(Utilities.getFullJobName(project, jobName, isPR)) {
// Set the label.
label('windows_clr_perf')
wrappers {
credentialsBinding {
string('BV_UPLOAD_SAS_TOKEN', 'CoreCLR Perf BenchView Sas')
}
}
if (isPR)
{
parameters
{
stringParam('BenchviewCommitName', '\${ghprbPullTitle}', 'The name that you will be used to build the full title of a run in Benchview. The final name will be of the form <branch> private BenchviewCommitName')
}
}
if (isSmoketest)
{
parameters
{
stringParam('XUNIT_PERFORMANCE_MAX_ITERATION', '2', 'Sets the number of iterations to two. We want to do this so that we can run as fast as possible as this is just for smoke testing')
stringParam('XUNIT_PERFORMANCE_MAX_ITERATION_INNER_SPECIFIED', '2', 'Sets the number of iterations to two. We want to do this so that we can run as fast as possible as this is just for smoke testing')
}
}
else
{
parameters
{
stringParam('XUNIT_PERFORMANCE_MAX_ITERATION', '21', 'Sets the number of iterations to twenty one. We are doing this to limit the amount of data that we upload as 20 iterations is enought to get a good sample')
stringParam('XUNIT_PERFORMANCE_MAX_ITERATION_INNER_SPECIFIED', '21', 'Sets the number of iterations to twenty one. We are doing this to limit the amount of data that we upload as 20 iterations is enought to get a good sample')
}
}
def configuration = 'Release'
def runType = isPR ? 'private' : 'rolling'
def benchViewName = isPR ? 'coreclr private %BenchviewCommitName%' : 'coreclr rolling %GIT_BRANCH_WITHOUT_ORIGIN% %GIT_COMMIT%'
def uploadString = isSmoketest ? '' : '-uploadToBenchview'
steps {
// Batch
batchFile("powershell wget https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe -OutFile \"%WORKSPACE%\\nuget.exe\"")
batchFile("if exist \"%WORKSPACE%\\Microsoft.BenchView.JSONFormat\" rmdir /s /q \"%WORKSPACE%\\Microsoft.BenchView.JSONFormat\"")
batchFile("\"%WORKSPACE%\\nuget.exe\" install Microsoft.BenchView.JSONFormat -Source http://benchviewtestfeed.azurewebsites.net/nuget -OutputDirectory \"%WORKSPACE%\" -Prerelease -ExcludeVersion")
//Do this here to remove the origin but at the front of the branch name
|
Collection,
meta_keys: Optional[KeysCollection] = None,
meta_key_postfix: str = "meta_dict",
strict_check: bool = True,
) -> None:
"""
Args:
keys: keys of the corresponding items to be transformed.
See also: :py:class:`monai.transforms.compose.MapTransform`
meta_keys: explicitly indicate the key of the corresponding meta data dictionary.
for example, for data with key `image`, the metadata by default is in `image_meta_dict`.
the meta data is a dictionary object which contains: filename, original_shape, etc.
it can be a sequence of string, map to the `keys`.
if None, will try to construct meta_keys by `key_{meta_key_postfix}`.
meta_key_postfix: if meta_keys is None and `key_{postfix}` was used to store the metadata in `LoadImaged`.
So need the key to extract metadata for channel dim information, default is `meta_dict`.
For example, for data with key `image`, metadata by default is in `image_meta_dict`.
strict_check: whether to raise an error when the meta information is insufficient.
"""
super().__init__(keys)
self.adjuster = EnsureChannelFirst(strict_check=strict_check)
self.meta_keys = ensure_tuple_rep(meta_keys, len(self.keys))
self.meta_key_postfix = ensure_tuple_rep(meta_key_postfix, len(self.keys))
def __call__(self, data) -> Dict[Hashable, NdarrayOrTensor]:
d = dict(data)
for key, meta_key, meta_key_postfix in zip(self.keys, self.meta_keys, self.meta_key_postfix):
d[key] = self.adjuster(d[key], d[meta_key or f"{key}_{meta_key_postfix}"])
return d
class RepeatChanneld(MapTransform):
"""
Dictionary-based wrapper of :py:class:`monai.transforms.RepeatChannel`.
"""
backend = RepeatChannel.backend
def __init__(self, keys: KeysCollection, repeats: int, allow_missing_keys: bool = False) -> None:
"""
Args:
keys: keys of the corresponding items to be transformed.
See also: :py:class:`monai.transforms.compose.MapTransform`
repeats: the number of repetitions for each element.
allow_missing_keys: don't raise exception if key is missing.
"""
super().__init__(keys, allow_missing_keys)
self.repeater = RepeatChannel(repeats)
def __call__(self, data: Mapping[Hashable, NdarrayOrTensor]) -> Dict[Hashable, NdarrayOrTensor]:
d = dict(data)
for key in self.key_iterator(d):
d[key] = self.repeater(d[key])
return d
class RemoveRepeatedChanneld(MapTransform):
"""
Dictionary-based wrapper of :py:class:`monai.transforms.RemoveRepeatedChannel`.
"""
backend = RemoveRepeatedChannel.backend
def __init__(self, keys: KeysCollection, repeats: int, allow_missing_keys: bool = False) -> None:
"""
Args:
keys: keys of the corresponding items to be transformed.
See also: :py:class:`monai.transforms.compose.MapTransform`
repeats: the number of repetitions for each element.
allow_missing_keys: don't raise exception if key is missing.
"""
super().__init__(keys, allow_missing_keys)
self.repeater = RemoveRepeatedChannel(repeats)
def __call__(self, data: Mapping[Hashable, NdarrayOrTensor]) -> Dict[Hashable, NdarrayOrTensor]:
d = dict(data)
for key in self.key_iterator(d):
d[key] = self.repeater(d[key])
return d
class SplitChanneld(MapTransform):
"""
Dictionary-based wrapper of :py:class:`monai.transforms.SplitChannel`.
All the input specified by `keys` should be split into same count of data.
"""
backend = SplitChannel.backend
def __init__(
self,
keys: KeysCollection,
output_postfixes: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
channel_dim: int = 0,
allow_missing_keys: bool = False,
) -> None:
"""
Args:
keys: keys of the corresponding items to be transformed.
See also: :py:class:`monai.transforms.compose.MapTransform`
output_postfixes: the postfixes to construct keys to store split data.
for example: if the key of input data is `pred` and split 2 classes, the output
data keys will be: pred_(output_postfixes[0]), pred_(output_postfixes[1])
if None, using the index number: `pred_0`, `pred_1`, ... `pred_N`.
channel_dim: which dimension of input
|
from pre-training different models, so we use the BERT2BERT setting with different sized BERT models instead.
\paragraph{Depth should be prioritized over width.}
We design four pairs of B2B models with different total parameter budgets: 20M, 50M, 85M, and 100M. Each pair contains (a) a model that prioritizes depth and (b) a model that prioritizes width. We make sure that (a) and (b) have similar encoder depth to decoder depth ratios (except group 3). The results on KP20k are presented in Table \ref{tab:depth-vs-width}. It is clear that model (a) performs significantly better for all the groups despite having slightly fewer parameters.
\input{tables/bert2bert_ablations.tex}
\paragraph{A deep encoder with a shallow decoder is preferred.} Next, we study the effect of layer allocation strategies. We fix a budget of 12 layers and experiment with five encoder-decoder combinations. Table \ref{tab:b2b_ablations} presents the results on KP20k and KPTimes. For both datasets, we find that the performance increases sharply and then plateaus as the depth of the encoder increases. With the same budget, \textbf{a deep encoder followed by a shallow decoder is strongly preferred over a shallow encoder followed by a deep decoder}.
We hypothesize that comprehending the input article is important and challenging while generating a short string comprising several phrases based on the encoded article does not largely rely on the knowledge of PLMs.
To verify, we conduct two further ablation studies by randomly initializing either the encoder ("R2B") or the decoder ("B2R"). The results are shown in Table \ref{tab:b2b_ablations}. For both datasets, we observe that randomly initializing the encoder greatly harms the performance, while randomly initializing the decoder does not significantly impact the performance (the absent keyphrase generation is even beneficial in some cases).
In conclusion, with a limited parameter budget, we recommend using \textbf{more layers} and \textbf{a deep-encoder and shallow-decoder} architecture.
\section{Analysis}
In this section, we perform further analyses to investigate (1) different formulations for present keyphrase identification and (2) SciBART compared to KeyBART \citep{kulkarni-etal-2022-learning}.
\subsection{Extraction vs. Generation: which is better for finding present keyphrases?}
Prior works have shown that PLMs with a generative formulation may improve the performance of information extraction tasks \citep{hsu-etal-2022-degree}. In Table \ref{tab:main-kpe-results}, we compare three formulations for identifying present keyphrases: (1) sequence labeling via token-wise classification, (2) sequence labeling with CRF, and (3) sequence generation\footnote{Results for all models are listed in the appendix.}.
\input{tables/keyphrase_extraction_main_results.tex}
For SciBERT and NewsBERT, we find that adding a CRF layer consistently improves the performance. Further comparing the results with (3), we find that the sequence labeling objective can guide the generation of more accurate (reflected by high F1@M) but fewer (reflected by low F1@5) keyphrases. Thus, for a given encoder-only PLM, the sequence labeling objective should be preferred if F1@M is important and generating absent keyphrases is not a concern. If generating absent keyphrases in a certain order is important, the sequence generation formulation should be preferred. However, if a strong in-domain seq2seq PLM is present, then the sequence generation should always be used (Table \ref{tab:scikp-all-results-pkp} and \ref{tab:other-all-results-pkp} in the appendix).
\subsection{Does task-specific pre-training waive the need for in-domain pre-training?}
KeyBART \citep{kulkarni-etal-2022-learning} is a recent approach of continued pre-training of BART using the OAGKX dataset \citep{cano-bojar-2020-two} on the keyphrase generation task with the keyphrases corrupted from the input text. On the other hand, SciBART only performs task-agnostic in-domain pre-training. To understand the effectiveness of these two training schemes, we fine-tune SciBART on keyphrase generation using OAGKX without corrupting the input text and evaluate the resulting model's zero-shot and transfer performance on KP20k. We use batch size 256, learning rate 3e-5, and 250k steps in total, which is approximately 2.8 epochs, comparable to \citet{kulkarni-etal-2022-learning}
|
Canada ranked as the best country to live in. The Canadian charter of rights and freedom.
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom, usually referred as the Charter in Canada has enjoyed a lot of popularity. In opinions polls conducted in 1999 and 1987, a whopping 82% of Canadians termed it good while the Charter remains highly popular among Canadians even today (Saunders, 2012). However, despite its popularity, the Charter has received numerous published criticism from standing in the way of political change or at least for encouraging continued abuse of power by the political class, and for increasing the judicial power. According to the Charter, courts in Canada have new and greater powers to exclude more evidences in trial and enforce remedies that are more creative. With such increased powers, some people feel that the charter has given a lot of powers to courts and the political class, something that could contribute abuse of power by these intuitions. The criticism has come from numerous sources including political scientists, other scholars and stakeholders. In this section, some of the criticism directed towards the Charter are discussed.
The Charter has been termed by some critics as limiting democracy. One of these critics is Professor Mandel Michael, a left-wing critic of the Charter. Mandel writes that in comparison to politicians, those in the ‘corridors of justice’ such as the Judges do not have to make their decisions or views or opinions easily understandable to the average citizen nor do they have so much sensitive to the will of the voters (Perry, 2010). To him, being highly sensitive or seeking approval from the average citizen is limiting democracy. Mandel further asserts that the document has led to the Americanization of Canadian politics at the expense of certain values that are perceived as highly important to Canadians (Perry, 2010). According to Mandel, the Charter facilitates the serving of individual and corporate rights over the social and group rights. This is evident especially in the courts of law which according to the Labor Movement, have been reluctant to utilize the Charter to support various form of union activities for instance the right to strike despite the strike being a social and group right. According to the Labor Movement, the reluctance in supporting such activities by labor and trade unions is solely because of the fact that the charter is supportive of individual and corporate rights over the social and group rights (Perry, 2010). Additionally, according to Mandel, if the Charter was supportive of the Canadian values and democracy, certain basic rights such as the right to free education and health care ought to be included in the charter but they are not (Perry, 2010). Due to this, the Charter has been termed as limiting democracy and also facilitating the Americanization of Canadian politics.
The charter has further been criticized of limiting provincial powers. According to Knopff and Morton (2005), the federal government has been using the charter to limit provincial powers especially by allying with various interest groups and rights claimants (Knopff and Morton, 2005). The two, Knopff and Morton, in their book titled The Charter Revolution & the Court Party published in 2000, suspect and accuse the federal government for sponsoring litigious groups to undermine provincial powers. They court instances such as the government use of the Court Challenge Program to support claims on the minority right language. Additionally, in cases such as where the government has been sued for allegedly violating rights such as women`s rights and gay rights, Knopff and Morton asserts that the Crown Counsel has intentionally lost some of the cases (Knopff and Morton, 2005). The criticism by Knopff and Morton is backed by Rand Perry, a political scientist (Perry, 2010). According to Perry, despite the fact that judges have widened their scope of review, judges still uphold most of the laws challenged on the basis of the Charter. However, Rand notes that though there is some sort of suspicion on a possible alliance between litigious groups and the government, there is no clear record or evidence to back the allegations because the litigious groups have won and lost cases as well ((Knopff and Morton, 2005). Therefore, though there may be no proper record of the allegations of the funding and allying, this kind of collaboration of the government by litigious groups can be described as limiting or subduing powers of certain institutions and the rights of various groups and as a result, the charter can be said to be encouraging continued abuse of power by the government.
In addition to this, the Charter has been criticized for undermining legislative supremacy and by so doing, the undermining of democracy. As per the charter, courts and judges have a lot of powers and have been entrusted to make certain policies such as human rights. By giving such powers to judges, the Charter can be seen as trusting judges more than legislators. This contradicts the very definitions of democracy where the legislature is expected to make policies.
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Profiles and the Bioenergetic Health Index of a Single Developing C. elegans
For the examination of the metabolic profiles of a single C. elegans at key growth and aging stages, aqueous solutions containing specific metabolic inhibitors (DCCD, FCCP, and sodium azide) to block bioenergetic pathways were sequentially introduced through the inlet of the microfluidic module to monitor changes in mitochondrial function. Figure 6 show representative results of the metabolic profiles of a single developing C. elegans at ages of 2.5, 4, 7, and 9 days obtained by sequentially adding metabolic inhibitors to block bioenergetic pathways. The metabolic profiles show the following fundamental parameters: basal OCR, ATP-linked OCR, maximal OCR, reserve respiratory capacity, OCR due to proton leak, and non-mitochondrial OCR. At the onset of measurements, the basal OCR was measured through three repeats, where each repeat included the three-step operation of O-stage (60 s)/S-stage (30 s)/M-stage (180 s). At the end of the third repeat, DCCD, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase, was introduced to treat a single C. elegans to inhibit the activity of ATP synthase, thus blocking the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The decrease in basal OCR that is coupled to ATP turnover is denoted as ATP-linked OCR. Note that oligomycin and DCCD are typical ATP synthase inhibitors used for cellular metabolic analysis [34]. However, the bulky compound oligomycin was found to be ineffective at inhibiting ATP synthase, likely due to the limited penetration of the C. elegans collagenous cuticle. Instead, DCCD has been proven to be more effective in inhibiting ATP synthase in C. elegans at all ages [5]. The inhibition of ATP synthase provides a measure of the amount of oxygen consumption coupled directly to ATP production. The remaining rate of mitochondrial respiration represents the proton leak that results in oxygen consumption without ATP production (OCR due to proton leak). After the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase, FCCP, the proton ionophore, was introduced into the microfluidic device to treat a single C. elegans. Immediately upon exposure to FCCP, the OCR increased as the mitochondrial inner membrane became permeable to protons and reached the maximal OCR. The reserve respiratory capacity, which is calculated by subtracting the maximal OCR from the basal OCR, represents the mitochondrial reserve energy available to increase energy production in the face of chronic and acute stress [34]. Finally, upon treatment with sodium azide, which blocks mitochondrial respiration, only the non-mitochondrial OCR can be measured. Figure 7a shows the variations in ATP-linked OCR, proton leak, reserve respiratory capacity, and non-mitochondrial OCR in pmol/min/worm as a function of age from the postembryonic development through adulthood to aged adult stages. Figure 7b shows the BHI as a function of age, which was calculated from the fundamental parameters in Figure 7a using the following formula [35]: Figure 7a shows the variations in ATP-linked OCR, proton leak, reserve respiratory capacity, and non-mitochondrial OCR in pmol/min/worm as a function of age from the postembryonic development through adulthood to aged adult stages. Figure 7b shows the BHI as a function of age, which was calculated from the fundamental parameters in Figure 7a using the following formula [35]: The BHI, a single value that can represent bioenergetic health, is sensitive to the mitochondrial functionality of a single developing C. elegans during the growth and aging stages. Equation (3) captures positive aspects of bioenergetic function (reserve capacity and ATP-linked OCR) relative to potentially deleterious aspects (non-mitochondrial OCR and proton leak). As shown in Figure 7b, the changes in BHI were correlated to C. elegans development stage, with the highest BHI = 27.5 in 4-day-old adults, and BHI = 7 and 4.2 at the ages of 1.5 and 13 days, respectively. As expected, the variation in the BHI was consistent with that of basal OCR, with the highest values found in 4-day-old adults ( Figure 5c). However, the high basal OCR could not exactly reflect the status of mitochondrial functionality; for example, the treatment of normal cardiomyocytes with 4-hydroxynonenal (oxidative stress) to damage the inner mitochondrial membrane, i.e., the loss of the mitochondrial functionality, has been previously reported to significantly increase the basal OCR due to the increase in ATP-linked OCR and proton leak [36]. Instead, the BHI can faithfully reflect both positive and deleterious parameters. The high BHI indicates that the developing C. elegans As expected, the variation in the BHI was consistent with that of basal
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Until Spark-on-Kubernetes joined the game! If you need an AKS cluster that meets this minimum recommendation, run the following commands. Our cluster is ready and we have the docker image. In this talk, we will provide a baseline understanding of what Kubernetes is, why it is relevant for the Spark community and how it compares to YARN. Port 8090 is exposed as the load balancer port demo-insightedge-manager-service:9090TCP, and should be specified as part of the --server option. The jar can be made accessible through a public URL or pre-packaged within a container image. Run the following InsightEdge submit script for the SparkPi example. Next, prepare a Spark job. Note how this configuration is applied to the examples in the Submitting Spark Jobs section: You can get the Kubernetes master URL using kubectl. Our mission at Data Mechanics is to let data engineers and data scientists build pipelines and models over large datasets with the simplicity of running a script on their laptop. Spark submit delegates the job submission to spark driver pod on kubernetes, and finally creates relevant kubernetes resources by communicating with kubernetes API server. Spark on Kubernetes supports specifying a custom service account for use by the Driver Pod via the configuration property that is passed as part of the submit command. On top of this, there is no setup penalty for running on Kubernetes compared to YARN (as shown by benchmarks), and Spark 3.0 brought many additional improvements to Spark-on-Kubernetes like support for dynamic allocation. If using Azure Container Registry (ACR), this value is the ACR login server name. Adoption of Spark on Kubernetes improves the data science lifecycle and the interaction with other technologies relevant to today's data science endeavors. To grant a service account Role, a RoleBinding is needed. You submit a Spark application by talking directly to Kubernetes (precisely to the Kubernetes API server on the master node) which will then schedule a pod (simply put, a container) for the Spark driver. Use a Kubernetes custom controller (also called a Kubernetes Operator) to manage the Spark job lifecycle based on a declarative approach with Customer Resources Definitions (CRDs). In this post, I’ll show you step-by-step tutorial for running Apache Spark on AKS. In this blog post I will do a quick guide, with some code examples, on how to deploy a Kubernetes Job programmatically, using Python as the language of This post provides some instructions regarding how to deploy a Kubernetes job programmatically, using … This feature makes use of the native Kubernetes scheduler that has been added to Spark… Starting with Spark 2.3, users can run Spark workloads in an existing Kubernetes 1.7+ cluster and take advantage of Apache Spark's ability to manage distributed data processing tasks. In order to complete the steps within this article, you need the following. Submit Spark Job. For example, the Helm commands below will install the following stateful sets: testmanager-insightedge-manager, testmanager-insightedge-zeppelin, testspace-demo-*\[i\]*. Apache Spark is an essential tool for data scientists, offering a robust platform for a variety of applications ranging from large scale data transformation to analytics to machine learning. Run these commands to copy the sample code into the newly created project and add all necessary dependencies. The submitted application runs in a driver executing on a kubernetes pod, and executors lifecycles are also managed as pods. Get the Kubernetes Master URL for submitting the Spark jobs to Kubernetes. by. As pods successfully complete, the Job tracks the successful completions. The InsightEdge submit command will submit the SaveRDD example with the testspace and testmanager configuration parameters. Navigate back to the root of Spark repository. One of the main advantages of using this Operator is that Spark application configs are writting in one place through a YAML file (along with configmaps, … The spark-submit script that is included with Apache Spark supports multiple cluster managers, including Kubernetes. After that, spark-submit should have an extra parameter --conf spark.kubernetes.authenticate.submission.oauthToken=MY_TOKEN. Especially in Microsoft Azure, you can easily run Spark on cloud-managed Kubernetes, Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS). To submit spark job via zeppelin in DSR running a kubernetes cluster Environment E.g. Spark is a popular computing framework and the spark-notebook is used to submit jobs interactivelly. But Kubernetes isn’t as popular in the big data scene which is too often stuck with older technologies like Hadoop YARN. In Kubernetes clusters with RBAC enabled, users can configure Kubernetes RBAC roles and service accounts used by the various Spark jobs on Kubernetes components to access the Kubernetes API server. As mentioned before, spark thrift server is just a spark job running on kubernetes, let’s see the spark submit to run spark thrift server in cluster mode on kubernetes. Why Spark on Kubernetes? To create a custom service account, run the following kubectl command: After the custom service account is created, you need to grant a service account Role. In Kubernetes
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human affairs and how they become validated, i.e. ‘true’.
Arendt set out to explain this in The Life of the Mind, her final work published in 1978. The book was meant to consist of three parts: thinking, willing and judging, but she died before she could write the third part. However, another, slightly later, edited work, entitled Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy, provides a good indication of what she had in mind for the part on judging.
Arendt first discussed thinking, however. And thinking deals with abstractions and generalities, such as justice, fairness, goodness. The faculty of thinking does not stand in a factual relation with reality – abstractions are not phenomenal. Judging, on the other hand, does deals with particulars. It is inherent to judging that we search for approval from others for our judgements. While thinking is solitary – the Socratic inner dialogue with myself – judging is social and can become paradigmatic for the public sphere.
Arendt explained how in the Lectures on Kant. Since the faculty of judgement is autonomous, the particular that has to be judged has to be compared with something that is also a particular. However, the particular with which we compare has to somehow contain a generalisation, otherwise judging is impossible. She located the particular that contains in itself a generality in the exemplary example of the representative figures. Thus: ‘Achilles is an exemplary example of courage’. Judgement, then, has exemplary validity to the extent that the example is rightly chosen.
It is blatantly clear that nothing of this has anything to do with how politics works today. Arendt’s prudent public discourse simply does not exist. In politics, the strongest lobbies will win and usually all methods to achieve their goals are good enough. However, it is equally clear that ‘the life of the mind’ is essential wherever people try to deal with certain aspects of life in an authentically political way, that is, a way in which the public sphere has the function to generate virtues, consideration, shared definitions and regulations.
The insights drawn from The Life of the Mind and the Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy are consistent with my reading and they are inconsistent with the self-referential thesis. Once action is interpreted as an activity without relevancy to anything outside itself, the essential connection between politics and the activities of the faculties of the mind becomes invisible, as the link between political interests and principles disappears. Action is free and innovative, but its inherent freedom and unpredictability play within the ‘confines’ of a sensus communis that is created through political action itself in the web of human relations. Only in this way, Arendt asserted, is it possible for the members of a political community to remain free as well as equal.
The Life of the Mind is an exploration into the mental operations that are necessary requirements to act politically in the world. Instead of seeing the Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy and The Life of the Mind as divorced and unrelated to Arendt’s earlier concerns, these works complete her investigations into the nature of action. It is therefore my contention that this article made a contribution in understanding why Arendt asserted that ‘the principles by which we act and the criteria by which we judge and conduct our lives depend ultimately on the life of the mind’.
(The Recovery of the Public World, 1979).
To which we might say, ‘certainly’, but I do not think that it is so easy to distinguish between the ‘administration of things’ and principled discussion. The position that everybody should have decent housing is not generally accepted – in the United Kingdom, the Conservative Party unashamedly voted against it. To many people, this is not a matter of principle, although it should be. How can we make them?
In fact, Hannah Arendt, despite often being read as a conservative thinker, went much further. In On Revolution (1963) she went as far as to advocate for the creation of council-states which 'would permit every member of the modern egalitarian society to become a participator in public affairs'. This would mean ‘a new form of government rather than mere reform or mere supplement to the existing institutions’.
The relation between the loss of a private place and the rise of modernity as an era bereft of genuine action is a major theme in Arendt’s work. In The Human Condition, she wrote that ‘the eclipse of a common public world, so crucial to the formation of the lonely mass man and so dangerous in the formation of the worldless mentality of modern ideological mass movements, began with the much more tangible loss of a privately owned share in the world’. This, I think, is a thought to keep in mind because we now again live in an era of dispossession. Assuredly, as misery grows, so too does the political influence of the radical right.
Dr. Will Denayer is a political theorist and macroeconomist. He is head of
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needed. For example, you may have found that existing systematic reviews are inadequate in some way and may need to be replicated, updated or extended – they may, for example, have missed relevant literature, or perhaps they have not assessed the quality of the included studies, which will render their conclusions suspect (a very common problem). In short, you should aim to end your review not just with a summary of the existing evidence, but also with clear pointers to what sort of evidence – whether new studies, or new systematic reviews – is needed in future.
8.4 CONCLUSION Systematic reviews have become a common tool among social researchers, but many systematic reviews are themselves biased; unfortunately the phrase ‘systematic review’ in the title of a paper is not a reliable indicator of the quality of the rest of the paper. However if your own systematic review avoids the main methodological pitfalls you can expect it to be widely read, and can expect it to be seen as a valuable contribution to the health psychology evidence base. This chapter provides an overall guide to carrying out a reliable systematic review, but it is only a starting point. The next steps should involve consulting other more detailed literature on the subject, reading some examples of recent reviews, and ideally talking to someone who has actually completed one, to get an indication of what it is like to do a ‘real life’ systematic review.
8.5 CONDUCTING SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS This chapter can help readers to acquire the following stage 2 core components: 2.1a Define topic and search parameters 2.1b Conduct a search using appropriate databases and sources 2.1c Summarize findings from the review.
8.5.1 Carrying out systematic reviews Skills in systematic reviewing are essential for any social science or health researcher (unit 2.1). Systematic reviews allow one to assess the effectiveness of diagnostic, preventative, therapeutic, organizational and other interventions; allow one to assess the strength of evidence for causal relationships; and permit rigorous theory testing. Clearly these are all skills which are highly relevant to health psychologists seeking to attain stage 2 competences. Systematic reviews are one among many methodological tools which health psychologists have at their disposal to answer research questions, but any piece of research needs to start with a clearly defined topic. In practice, this means that the researcher must clearly specify the question which the review is seeking to address, and from this identify the types of quantitative and/or qualitative studies (usually, primary research) which are most appropriate to review in detail (component 2.1a). Identifying these studies is often challenging, however, and when searches of electronic databases are employed, there is a need to balance sensitivity with specificity; that is, one needs to identify all the relevant studies, while excluding as many of the non-relevant studies as possible. Input from an information scientist can help with this task, but health psychologists will often be required to carry out limited searches themselves, and when reading other researchers’ systematic reviews, to determine whether the search was likely to have been comprehensive enough. This requires a general understanding of the rationale and methods behind literature searching, as well as an awareness of how bias can be avoided (component 2.1b).
it, one risks placing more emphasis on flawed studies which are likely to produce over-optimistic conclusions – for example, it is known that methodologically weaker studies are more likely to suggest that treatments are effective when they are probably not. Where studies in a review are very similar (for example, if the study designs, interventions and populations being reviewed are homogenous), then statistical methods of summarizing studies can be employed (meta-analysis), otherwise narrative summary of the studies is appropriate (component 2.1c). A knowledge of these methods will also be helpful in understanding and using the results of the systematic reviews and meta-analyses which are increasingly published in health psychology journals.
8.5.3 Using systematic reviews to aid decision-making Even if one never has to actually carry out a systematic review, it is highly likely that health psychologists will need to be able to understand what they are, how to use them and how to judge their strengths and weaknesses. Given that the early roots of the method are in psychology, it is also likely that non-academic users may turn to health psychologists to help interpret the findings of particular reviews. For example, reliable information on the effectiveness of treatments is likely to come from systematic reviews, but (as with any other type of study) systematic reviews vary in their methodological quality. It is important to be able to judge systematic review ‘quality’, because it can help one determine whether any review is likely to provide a sound basis for decision-making. This will be helpful when using systematic reviews as part of consultancy work (component 3.1b).
and can be used to test the strength of relationships, and test models and theories (component 2.5a). Finally, systematic reviews can contribute to be development of new research (
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warmer waters develop north of 11° N because of the warm tongue off the southwest coast of Hainan Island. The reverse heat advection around the center of the West Luzon eddy currents is also due to the local SST gradient [37] associated with the SST front that is aligned from northeast to southwest in the NSCS. The southwestward current to the north of the Luzon cyclonic eddy advects warm waters from the Kuroshio intrusion through the Luzon Strait, whereas the eddy advects cold waters on its south side because of the northwestward current. The heat advection in our results is different from that in Wang et al. [38], which has positive heat advection to the southeast of the Luzon eddy and negative heat advection to its northwest.
Summer and Winter Horizontal Advection
Comparing the components in heat advection, we find geostrophic advection is significantly larger than Ekman advection (Figure 8), which differs from results obtained by calculating and averaging over the boxed areas in [7]. Geostrophic advection has larger amplitude in all Argo floats, affected by the eddy activities evident from Argo65 and Argo62. In the northern basin, Ekman advection and geostrophic advection are weak and nearly zero during summer, whereas they fluctuate dramatically from November to February. In contrast, in the SSCS, Ekman advection and geostrophic advection are strong in summer but not in winter. This is because the more northerly Argo floats were located around the SCS WBC where there were many embedded eddies during winter. Currents in the southeastern SCS are not strong even under the influence of the southeast monsoon. In reaction to the strong positive winter monsoon curl, the current field in the SCS changes into a cyclonic gyre with two cyclonic eddies [36]. There is an energetic WBC in the NSCS, especially in winter 2014. Several eddies are still embedded in the basin-scale circulation; for example, the Southern Cyclonic eddy in the SSCS and the West Luzon eddy. Horizontal heat advection also varies over the SCS. Interestingly, horizontal heat advection, unlike the situation in summer, is negative between 7 • N and 11 • N but is positive north of 11 • N in the SSCS. This is due to the effects of the SST gradient and current field. The southward WBC along the East Vietnam coast carries colder sea waters south of 11 • N, whereas warmer waters develop north of 11 • N because of the warm tongue off the southwest coast of Hainan Island. The reverse heat advection around the center of the West Luzon eddy currents is also due to the local SST gradient [37] associated with the SST front that is aligned from northeast to southwest in the NSCS. The southwestward current to the north of the Luzon cyclonic eddy advects warm waters from the Kuroshio intrusion through the Luzon Strait, whereas the eddy advects cold waters on its south side because of the northwestward current. The heat advection in our results is different from that in Wang et al. [38], which has positive heat advection to the southeast of the Luzon eddy and negative heat advection to its northwest.
Comparing the components in heat advection, we find geostrophic advection is significantly larger than Ekman advection (Figure 8), which differs from results obtained by calculating and averaging over the boxed areas in [7]. Geostrophic advection has larger amplitude in all Argo floats, affected by the eddy activities evident from Argo65 and Argo62. In the northern basin, Ekman advection and geostrophic advection are weak and nearly zero during summer, whereas they fluctuate dramatically from November to February. In contrast, in the SSCS, Ekman advection and geostrophic advection are strong in summer but not in winter. This is because the more northerly Argo floats were located around the SCS WBC where there were many embedded eddies during winter. Currents in the southeastern SCS are not strong even under the influence of the southeast monsoon. Figure 4 shows that entrainment is a significant part of the annual mean mixed layer heat balance, and many studies have focused on this contribution. Qu [12] found vertical entrainment could cool the ML when the southwest monsoon prevails. Foltz et al. [1] found that vertical entrainment contributes significantly in tropical Atlantic Ocean. Factors like the barrier layer that influence entrainment have also been studied in many areas apart from the SCS [10,39]. In this section, the entrainment term is decomposed into entrainment rate and the temperature difference ∆ between the and , and possible impacts
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Information and Communication Engineers
Traffic flow forecasting can be described as predicting traffic flow data at time N+1 x N+1 based on a sliding time window sequence {x t |t = 1, 2, . . . , N}. Therefore, the last step is to select the appropriate length N of a sliding time window.
Extracting Feature and Clustering
Since the proposed method is intended to establish corresponding models for different categories of data, it is important to separate traffic flow data into appropriate categories. Through lots of observations and analysis of traffic flow waves, we determined to extract meaningful features for each sample and apply K-Means clustering. At the beginning, we tried to use only the first-order difference as the feature of trends, for example, a sample is larger than zero it represents an upward trend, otherwise a downward trend. Then we used the Euclidean metric to measure distance between features and clustered them by K-Means (K=2). But the clustering effect of this scheme is not satisfying. To visualize the clustering results, we used PCA to reduce N-1 dimensions to 2, as shown in Fig. 2 (a). It seems that two categories of samples are mixed, which indicates that such feature is not appropriate and lack of distinguishability. Then through observing and experiment, we find that taking the absolute value after first-order difference like [|x 2 −x 1 |, |x 3 −x 2 |, . . . , |x N −x N−1 |] can clearly divide traffic flow samples into two categories, as shown in Fig. 2 (b). One kind of samples changes slowly, another rapidly, and we respectively name them the gentle trend and the violent trend. The length N of sliding window is 6 and the time interval is 5 minutes here. When N changes from 2 to 12, the effect of such clustering method is almost the same as that shown Fig. 2 (b). The only difference is the quantity of two categories of samples, but it has little effect on the final prediction accuracy.
In order to present the clustering effect intuitively, we pick out a whole day traffic flow and framed the gentle samples with green rectangles and the violent samples with red ones. As shown in Fig. 3, the violent samples either change rapidly between the beginning and end or fluctuates greatly itself, while gentle samples behave the opposite.
Multi-LSTM Models Training
In traditional recurrent neural network (RNN), during the back propagation through time (BPTT) process, the gradient signal propagates along the hidden layer and multiply the weight matrix of the neurons, which can lead to the end of learning process if the gradient signal tends to either blow up or vanish. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) introduces a new structure called a memory cell to solve this problem. A memory cell is composed of four main elements, which are known as input gate, neuron with self-recurrent connec-tion, forget gate and output gate. In this paper, we propose a new training method, which is the key idea in the architecture of multi-model LSTM. At first, all training data are used to train a master LSTM model as shown in Fig. 1. The architecture of the LSTM consists of an input layer, a hidden layer with LSTM blocks, a mean-pooling layer and an output layer. The input neuron number equals to sliding time window length N and the size of output layer is 1. The number of LSTM blocks in LSTM layer is set in range from 20 to 100 with a step of 20. The purpose of this step is to generate model parameters, which will be used as initialization parameters for sub-model training. The significance of the master model is to capture the overall trend of traffic flow data, which is conducive to enhance generalization ability of sub-models and prevent them from falling into local optimal solution.
Initialized by model parameters of master model, two LSTM sub-models are trained separately by two types of traffic flow data called violent and gentle trend, which are divided by K-Means clustering. At last, we acquire two submodels, respectively prepared for forecasting two kinds of traffic situation.
Online Forecasting Program
Since the category of samples need to be judged before using corresponding sub-model to predict in the real application scenarios, before prediction we added a K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier, which is trained with two types of data generated by K-Means clustering. Through a large number of experiments, we set the K of KNN as 10 and assigned the voting weight to the reciprocal of the Euclidean distance to achieve higher classification accuracy. After classifying by KNN, the sample can be sent to corresponding sub-models.
Details of Database
The experimental data applied on our proposed model are from the Caltrans Performance Measurement System (PeMS), which has been collecting historical traffic data every 30s from major cities in California for more than ten years. The system aggregates
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magnification.
Hence, the greater the error in the fitted impact parameter,
the greater the error in the fitted stellar radius needs to be in order
fit the points on the light curve.
The slope of this relationship is a function of the photometric
errors and the sampling. Larger errors and fewer observations
cause the slope to increase. If this
``error slope'', $\Delta R_{\star}/ \Delta p$, has
a value less than one,
i.e. less than that of the dashed line in Figure~3a, then
the relation between $p$ and $R_{\star}$
will be the same for both input and extracted values; meaning that
\[ p<R_{\star} \Longleftrightarrow p_{fit}<R_{\star ,fit}.\]
As a result, we should be able
to distinguish between ``crossing'' events and ``non--crossing'' events
using just the fitted values.
The error slope depends on many factors. For any given lensing
geometry, the most important ones are:
the baseline photometric error, $\sigma_0$, and the observational
coverage,
determined by both the sampling frequency, $n$, and the length of the
daily observing period.
\subsection{Photometric Error}
Assuming that there are an adequate number of evenly
spaced observations on a light curve, the photometric error is
the quantity that defines the error slope.
The $\chi^2$ surface as a function of
both $p$ and $R_{\star}$ possesses a valley in which there is
a global minimum. The location
of this minimum in the valley is very sensitive to errors in
photometry; this can cause it to move significantly.
Error slopes were determined using least squares fitting in plots
like Figure~3b. Only points for which $\Delta R_{\star ,fit} >0$ were
fitted.
This is because: 1) the fact that $R_{\star ,fit}$ cannot be negative
skews
the slope for points where $\Delta R_{\star ,fit}<0$, and 2) These
points
will never cross into the
$p_{fit}<R_{\star ,fit}$ regime, as exhibited by the lower half of
Figure 3a.
The trend derived from this rough analysis shows that
for $\sigma_0>0.08{\rm mag}$,
the error slope is greater than one and grows slowly with increasing
$\sigma_0$; for $\sigma_0<0.08\;{\rm mag}$, the error slope
decreases rapidly for decreasing $\sigma_0$.
The value $\sigma_0=0.08\;{\rm mag}$ can be used as a rough upper limit
on the
photometric error.
However, each lensing configuration is different
and some may be more tolerant of photometric errors than others.
Since $\sigma_0$ is the baseline photometric error, and the part of
the light curve with which we are concerned is the peak, the error
slope will also be a function of lensing amplitude --- photometric error
decreases as the source brightens. In events where the source radius
is large ($R_{\star} > 0.5\;{\rm R_E}$), the total magnification is
significantly lower than
for the point source case, and the
resulting photmoetric errors at the peak are relatively large.
However, in these events, the effect of the finite disk is
so pronounced that overall, it is still possible to obtain a reasonable
fit the source radius provided that there are an adequate number of
observations during the crossing of the disk by the lens.
\subsection{Sampling Frequency}
Even with dense sampling, errors in photometry still prevent fitting
from being perfect. Sparse
coverage of an event can cause a fitting routine to wander aimlessly,
not possessing enough information to determine the global minimum.
Frequent and evenly spaced measurements around the time of
the peak magnification are essential for good convergence of
the fitting routine.
Experiments with the fitting of simulated data sets have shown that some
lensing configurations will be more forgiving toward sparse sampling
than others. The smaller the impact parameter and the larger
the source radius in units of $R_E$, the easier it is to ``resolve''
the disk. The most important result obtained from these simulations
is that regardless of
how high the sampling frequency is on other parts of the light curve,
there is very little hope of fitting the source radius without
at least one observation while the lens is transiting the disk of the
source.
A conservative estimate requires at least three observations during
the disk crossing in order to have an
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cold referrals: 2.5% (C.I. ± 0.5 %) of the 3,905 patients seen (Table 1).
Although 85% of the 47 patients for whom emergency referral was proposed expressed acceptance of the decision, and although emergency transport was made available, only 26 (55%) actually complied and were evacuated to the district hospital (Table 2). Nearly all the instances where emergency evacuation eventually did not take place were children under 5. At least 8 died in the hours or days after referral was proposed. Emergency transport had been made available, but lack of money to pay the ambulance fees was a major obstacle. Acceptance and compliance rates of referral proposals Non-emergency referrals were easily agreed to by 90% of the patients, but this did not mean that the referral advice was effectively complied with. Compliance was difficult to monitor in this group since patients had different options: the district hospital or the hospital in the capital of the country. Those who refused to be referred included patients with obvious and severe pathologies: for example, 3 had progressive paralysis of the legs with a painful deformation of the vertebral spine (probably cases of Pott's disease), and one had a severe bilateral eye infection with blindness. Compliance with emergency referral proposals was particularly low for children: 62% of emergency referral proposals for children below 5 years were not complied with.
Reasons for referral
Reasons for referral were quite diverse (Table 3). Twenty percent of the referrals were children under 5, though they represented 36% of the patient population, which gave a child-specific referral rate of 1.4%. There were only two cases of severe malnutrition and nine of severe respiratory infection.
Gynaeco-obstetric cases represented 18% of the referrals: acute obstetric emergencies such as foeto-pelvic disproportion (2), placenta preview (3) or shoulder presentation (1), but also four cases of third degree prolapsed uterus, one vesico-vaginal fistula and four women with problems of sterility.
The 19 surgical cases included six men with urinary retention and nine cases of serious trauma. Among the 41 gen-eral medicine patients were 6 cases with tuberculosis of which 4 Pott's disease and one frank haemoptysis.
Routine referral rates in Niger's districts
In 11 health districts, referral rates were extracted from the annual reports compiled routinely in each district. Rural referral rates were systematically lower than those in urban areas ( Figure 1) and far below the 2.5% benchmark.
In some districts, referral rates in urban areas were higher than the benchmark, but even in these settings, where distance and transport costs are no major barriers, referral rates were often well below 2.5%.
With such low referral rates and the major accessibility problems in Niger, it is not surprising that hospitals are largely under-utilized. Only in one of the 11 district hospitals there were more than five hospitalisations per 1000 inhabitants per year (Dosso, 7‰, Figure 1). In six districts there were two or even less.
Dosso has a regional hospital with specialist services, with good direct access for its own local urban population and even for the neighbouring districts along the national road. Given Dosso's low referral rates, it is clear that hospitalised patients had largely bypassed the health centres.
Only 5 of the 11 hospitals under study offered a full range of basic hospital care including surgery and blood transfusion. Among these five, only Dosso had 24 hour coverage for surgical care. With only one doctor with surgical skills, the other four could not offer a continuous service.
Discussion
With the present case mix of patients presenting at the rural health centres in Niger, implementation of the existing clinical guidelines leads to a referral rate of around 2.5% of all new patients. Just under half of those would be emergency referrals. The three field researchers obtained similar results, which indicates that the referral rate benchmark was rather stable. There are no indications that the case mix was significantly different in other rural settings in Niger. Therefore the benchmark seems relevant for the rural areas in the country. Simple extrapolation to other countries is less obvious. The benchmark is sensitive to patient mix and utilisation rates which differs much between countries. However, the whole exercise cost less than 1000 $ US and can easily be reproduced in other settings.
Referral rates and compliance were lower for young children and this was associated with excess mortality. The child-specific referral benchmark was a mere 1.4%, well below the 27% IMCI proposes for Niger [42]. There is clearly a case for revisiting IMCI benchmarks, also in order not to damage the credibility of the entire programme with referral requirements that would be perceived as unrealistic and unacceptable by both the health centre staff and the population [46]. Low referral compliance resulted in a
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in [0, 1], where the a value of 0 implies that the point x is equidistant to its two closest subspaces. This notion is illustrated in Figure 3, where the yellow-green color shows the region within some margin of the decision boundary.
In the following theorem, we show that points lying near the intersection of subspaces are included among those of minimum margin with high probability. This method of point selection is then motivated by the fact that the difficult points to cluster are those lying near the intersection of subspaces [12]. Further, theory for SSC ([11], [15]) shows that problematic points are those having large inner product with some or all directions in other subspaces. Subspace margin captures exactly this phenomenon.
Theorem 1. Consider two d-dimensional subspaces S 1 and S 2 . Let y = x + n, where x ∈ S 1 and n ∼ N (0, σ 2 I D ). Define Then The proof is given in Appendix A. Note that if dist(y, S 1 ) ≤ dist(y, S 2 ), then µ(y) =μ(y). In this case, Thm. 1 states that under the given noise model, points with small residual to the incorrect subspace (i.e., points near the intersection of subspaces) will have small margin. These are exactly the points for which supervised label information will be most beneficial.
The statement of Thm. 1 allows us to quantify exactly how near a point must be to the intersection of two subspaces to be considered a point of minimum margin. Let φ 1 ≤ φ 2 ≤ · · · ≤ φ d be the d principal angles 1 between S 1 and S 2 . If the subspaces are very far apart, 1 that is, there are bounds on dist(x, S 2 ) depending on the relationship of the two subspaces. We also know that if x is drawn using isotropic Gaussian weights from a basis for S 1 , then Given this, we might imagine that margin of the noisy points is a useful indicator of points near the intersection in a scenario where sin 2 (φ 1 ) is small but 1 d d i=1 sin 2 (φ i ) is not, e.g., when the subspaces have an intersection but are distant in other directions. With this in mind we state the following corollary, whose proof can be found in Appendix B.
for some small δ ≥ 0; that is, x 1 is close to the intersection of S 1 and S 2 . Let x 2 be a random point in S 1 generated as that is, the average angle is sufficiently larger than the smallest angle, then where µ(y) is defined as in Thm. 1, c is an absolute constant, and s = 1 We make some remarks first to connect our results to other subspace distances that are often used. Perhaps the most intuitive form of subspace distance between that spanned by U 1 and U 2 is 1 d (I − U 1 U 1 ) T U 2 2 F ; if the two subspaces are the same, the projection onto the orthogonal complement is zero; if they are orthogonal, we get the norm of U 2 alone, giving a distance of 1. This is equal to the more visually symmetric 1 − 1 d U T 1 U 2 2 F , another common distance. Further we note that, by the definition of principal angles (Golub & Van Loan, 2012), From Equation (2), we see that the size of δ determines how close x 1 ∈ S 1 is to S 2 ; if δ = 0, x 1 is as close to S 2 as possible. For example, if φ 1 = 0, the two subspaces intersect, and δ = 0 implies that x 1 ∈ S 1 ∩ S 2 . Equation (3) captures the gap between average principal angle and the smallest principal angle. We conclude that if this gap is large enough and δ is small enough so that x 1 is close to S 2 , then the observed y 1 will have smaller margin than the average point in S 1 , even when observed with noise.
For another perspective, consider that in the noiseless case, for x 1 , x 2 ∈ S 1 , the condition dist(x 1 , S 2 ) < dist(x 2 , S 2 ) is enough to guarantee that x 1 lies nearer to S 2 . Under the given additive noise model (y i = x i + n i for i = 1, 2) the Obtain Test Point: select x T ← arg min x∈Xμ (x) Assign x T to Certain Set: Sort {Z 1 , · · · , Z nc } in order of most
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Team members inevitably improve their feelings of togetherness, intimacy, and bonding as they spend more time with other members while working on flights or away from work. However, there has been a shortage of research on rapport-building behaviors or empathy among the members of a cabin crew.
A multi-group analysis was performed to test whether there were any significant differences in the effects of rapport-building behaviors on empathy toward colleagues, which was moderated by whether the participants' closest colleagues worked in the same team.
The path coefficients and their significance were investigated even though the paths from rapport-building behaviors to empathy toward colleagues showed no difference for the moderating role of the presence of the participants' closest colleagues within the same team.
The results show that the effects of the four rapport-building behaviors were relatively evenly distributed when the participants' closest colleagues were in the same team, whereas uncommonly attentive behavior had a stronger effect than other types of rapport-building behaviors in the case that the participants' closest colleagues were not in the same team. Figure 1 provides the potential study model of this research. Therefore, we proposed the following hypotheses:
Hypothesis 9 (H9):
The effects of uncommonly attentive behavior on empathy building among colleagues would be different for crew members within or outside one's team.
Hypothesis 10 (H10):
The effects of common-grounding behavior on empathy building among colleagues would be different for crew members within or outside one's team.
Hypothesis 11 (H11):
The effects of courteous behavior on empathy building among colleagues would be different for crew members within or outside one's team.
Hypothesis 12 (H12):
The effects of connecting behavior on empathy building among colleagues would be different for crew members within or outside one's team.
Hypothesis 13 (H13):
The effects of information-sharing behavior on empathy building among colleagues would be different for crew members within or outside one's team.
Study Design and Participants
In this study, we used a self-report questionnaire survey and convenience sampling to obtain responses from domestic and overseas airline cabin crew (Korean Air, 81 responses; Asiana Airlines, 99 responses; Air Busan, 2 responses; Air Seoul, 13 responses; Jeju Air, 16 responses; Jin Air, seven responses; T'way Airlines, one response; Fly Gangwon, four responses; Air China, seven responses; Etihad Airlines, one response).
The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) cabin crew members currently working for an airline and (2) with at least one year of experience working in team/group flights.
During data collection, all cabin crew members who participated in the survey were informed that the collected information would remain private and would be destroyed after completing the analysis. After the participants gave their consent, they were provided with a link to an online survey via social networking sites (SNS) or emails. In addition, we administered face-to-face questionnaires within a cabin crew briefing room or through individual meetings.
We administered a total of 232 questionnaires through both online and face-to-face methods between June 1 and October 1, 2020. Of these, we excluded two responses that seemed insincere and included the remaining 230 questionnaires in the analysis.
Measures
To empirically measure the nine theoretical concepts proposed in this study, we used the following measures, which have been validated by previous studies from various fields such as cabin crew competency, communication, and psychology.
•
To measure the five dimensions of rapport-building behavior by cabin crew members, we used an interval scale consisting of three questions on uncommonly attentive behavior, two questions on common-grounding behavior, three questions on courteous behavior, two questions on connecting behavior, and three questions on informationsharing behavior, based on previous studies by Gremler and Gwinner [7] and Lee and Hyun [9]. • Empathy toward colleagues was measured using four questions selected from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index by Kim [58] and Davis [75]. • Team performance was measured using four questions selected from studies by Chiang [76], Lee, Nam, and Yang [77], and Kim and Cho [78]. • Organizational atmosphere was measured using the five questions proposed by Lee [67]. • Irregularity was measured using the three questions proposed by Oh [22].
After creating the initial questionnaire based on the above-described measures, we asked the questionnaire participants to respond to each question on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly disagree" (1 point) to "strongly agree" (5 points). To ensure the validity of the measures used in this study, we conducted a preliminary interview survey with a focus group consisting of cabin crew members from full-service carriers in South Korea before the administering the questionnaire. Next, we conducted a pilot test on 30 members from a domestic cabin crew to check the readability of the questionnaire. Based on the preliminary survey, we made
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10 children receiving OHP to prevent caries within 5 years in one additional child compared to the conventional program." These results are obtained by applying simple standard methods which are appropriate in RCTs with individual randomization, two parallel groups, fixed follow-up time, binary outcome and sufficient sample size. In other situations in which clustered data, time-to-event outcomes or confounding play a role, more complex methods are required to estimate NNTs appropriately. In the following, we focus attention on application of adjusted NNTs which allow the consideration of important confounders in epidemiology as well as accounting for balanced covariates and covariate treatment interactions in RCTs.
Methods to Adjust for Covariates
Besides randomized controlled trials the number needed to treat is also used in epidemiology and public health research. As the term "number needed to treat" makes no sense if the explanatory factor is an exposure rather than a treatment, the terms number needed to be exposed (NNE) [12,13] and exposure impact number (EIN) [13,14] have been proposed to apply the NNT concept in epidemiological studies. Regardless of terminology, in the simplest case NNT measures (NNT, NNE, EIN) are calculated by taking the reciprocal of the difference of two risks given by a 2 2 table. The use of simple 2 2 tables may be appropriate in RCTs. However, in observational studies covariates usually have to be taken into account to minimize bias due to confounding.
Within the framework of logistic regression a method was recently derived to perform point and interval estimation of NNT measures with adjustment for confounding by using the so called average risk difference (ARD) approach [13]. The main principle of this approach is given by averaging of the risk differences of all individuals of an appropriate (sub-) population taking the distribution of the confounders into account. Adjusted NNT measures are obtained by inverting the corresponding ARD. Technical details including methods to calculate confidence intervals for ARDs and NNTs can be found elsewhere [13]. The ARD approach to perform point and interval estimates of NNTs with adjustment for covariates can also be applied within the framework of the Cox regression model to analyze time-to-event data [15,16].
Application and Interpretation
The choice of the appropriate population over which the averaging of risk differences is performed depends on the research question and the study design [17,18]. In the context of cohort studies investigating the effect of exposures, averaging is performed separately over the unexposed or the exposed person leading to two different NNT measures [13,17]. In the first case the effect of allocating the exposure to unexposed persons (NNE) and in the second the effect of removing the exposure from exposed persons (EIN) is described. In the case of equal distributions of the covariates NNE and EIN are identical. However, usually the distributions of the covariates are different between the unexposed and exposed persons in the context of cohort studies leading to different values for NNE and EIN.
In the context of clinical trials it makes sense to average risk differences over the whole sample which leads to one unique adjusted NNT. This adjusted NNT describes the average effect of moving all patients from untreated to treated [18]. As in epidemiological studies, this concept allows the adjustment for potential confounding also in non-randomized clinical trials. In randomized controlled trials with adequate randomization, in which the covariates are balanced, the application of the ARD approach leads to a gain in estimation precision concerning adjusted risk differences and NNTs so that the corresponding confidence intervals are shorter [19].
In summary, depending on the research question and the study design, different adjusted NNT measures should be applied. In the context of cohort studies NNE describes the average effect of allocating an exposure to unexposed persons, whereas EIN describes the average effect of removing the exposure from exposed persons. In the context of clinical trails (randomized or non-randomized) NNT describes the average treatment effect in the whole population of patients.
EXAMPLES
In order to illustrate the use and interpretation of adjusted NNTs two examples from dentistry research are considered. The first example was chosen to show the drawbacks of a naive and incorrect use of NNTs. In the second example it was possible to reconstruct the original individual data from the information given in the article so that own calculations could be performed to illustrate how adjusted NNTs can be used to describe absolute treatment effects appropriately in a complex data situation.
School-Based Education and Oral Cleanliness
The short-term effect of a school-based educational program on oral cleanliness was evaluated by means of a cluster randomized trial and described in terms of NNT [20]. In short, 15 year old students at public schools in Teheran, Iran, were cluster-randomized to the control group (n=13
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These push also a first librarians. More variety and language libraries looking Insolvency merging between our interstellar rights on Earth and the global fast data, suggestions, and solar communities within our terrestrial advance. Each AD of June, we will build two live details at revocation and guidance. Sign a MN about the seal Cosmic Weather and delete out about final contemporary supply animations
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, are relatively scarce, but the toxicity of La is generally considered to be moderate to low. Inhaled REE as a dust probably causes pneumoconiosis, and ingested REEs can accumulate in the skeleton, teeth, liver and lungs. It is the most electropositive (cationic) element of the rare earth group, is uniformly trivalent, and its binding is almost exclusively ionic. It is a hard 'acceptor' with an overwhelming preference for oxygen containing anions. Therefore, the most common biological ligands are the carboxyl and phosphate groups with which it can form very tight complexes [5]. There are several lanthanum com-
pounds that are available commercially. These include oxide, carbonate, chloride and fluoride. Among these compounds, lanthanum carbonate has been used in the medical industry for preparing a pharmaceutical drug. Fosrenol (La2(CO3)3), the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) approved drug, is used as a phosphate binding agent for patients with hyper phos-phataemia. Another application of lanthanum is found to be in water treatment, for removing oxyan-ions, such as phosphate and arsenate.
From the soil, lanthanides are transported to lakes, rivers and ground water and consequently to the plants growing in the area, animals and humans, where their different amounts are accumulated in different tissues. It has been found that in the human organism, higher amounts of lanthanides accumulate in cancer cells than in healthy ones, which may mean that lanthanides could be used in diagnosing cancer and its treatment. Studies on eliminating of lanthanides from animal organisms has been studied using strong com-plexing agents such as N-Phosphonomethyl glycine. The effect of lanthanides on cultivated plants and fruit trees has also been investigated. The results show that the presence of lanthanides in plant tissues increases absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, thus accelerating the process of ripening of plants and increasing the growth of their mass; the color of the vegetables and fruit is more intense, their taste is better and their nutritive value higher. The positive effect of lanthanides on plants has given rise to increasing interest in studies on their use as a supplement to artificial fertilizers [6]. Because of the increasing interest in bio-inorganic and coordination chemistry, as well as, in the increased industrial use of lanthanum compounds and their enhanced discharge, toxic properties and other adverse effects, the study of complexation process of the La3+ cation with the macrocyclic ligands such as crown ehters is important.
In the present work, we studied the complex formation between the La3+ cation and the macrocyclic ligand, 4'-NB15C5, in pure EtOH, AN, MeOAc, and DCE and also in EtOH-AN, EtOH-MeOAc, EtOH-DCE and EtOH-NB binary solvent systems at various temperatures using the conductometric method. The effects of the solvent properties on the stability, stoichiometry, and also the thermodynamics of the complexation process between La3+ and 4'-nitrobenzo-15C5 are discussed in this paper.
REAGENTS AND APPARATUS
The analytical-grade, 4'-NB15C5 and lantha-num(III) nitrate (with highest purity, >99%) were purchased from Merck Company and were used without any further purification except for vacuum drying. The solvents: acetonitrile, 1,2-dichloroethane, ethanol, methylacetate and nitrobenzene, all from Merck, were
used with the highest purity. The conductivity of each solvent was less than 3.0 x 10-7 S-1 cm-1 at 298.15 K.
The conductance measurements were performed using a digital, WTW conductivity apparatus model LF2000 in a water bath thermostated with a constant temperature within ±0.03°C. The electrolytic conductance was measured using a cell consisting of two platinum electrodes to which an alternating potential was applied. A conductometric cell with a cell constant of 0.958 cm-1 was used throughout the studies.
PROCEDURE
In order to study the complexation process between 4'-NB15C5 and La3+, 20 mL of the metal salt solution (5 x 10-4 M) was placed in titration cell. The conductance of the solution was measured at each fixed temperature. Then, a known amount of the macrocycle solution prepared in the same solvent (2 x 10-2 M), was added in a stepwise manner using a pre-calibrated microburette. The conductances of the solutions were measured at the equilibrium temperature. This procedure was continued until the total concentration of the ligand was approximately five times higher than that of
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Circulating microRNA-122, microRNA-126-3p and microRNA-146a are associated with inflammation in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case control study
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing dramatically worldwide. Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) as key regulators of gene expression, has been reported in numerous diseases including diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of miRNA-122, miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-146a in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients and in healthy individuals, and to determine whether the changes in the level of these miRNAs are reliable biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and pathogenesis of T2DM. Additionally, we examined the relationship between miRNA levels and plasma concentrations of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (Il-6) as well as insulin resistance. In this case-control study, participants (n = 90) were allocated to three groups (n = 30/group): T2DM, pre-diabetes and healthy individuals as control (males and females, age: 25–65, body mass index: 25–35). Expression of miRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and fasting insulin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as an indicator of insulin resistance. MiRNA-122 levels were higher while miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-146a levels were lower in T2DM and pre-diabetic patients compared to control (p<0.05). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between miRNA-122 expression and TNF-α (r = 0.82), IL-6 (r = 0.83) and insulin resistance (r = 0.8). Conversely, negative correlations were observed between miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-146a levels and TNF-α (r = -0.7 and r = -0.82 respectively), IL-6 (r = -0.65 and r = -0.78 respectively) as well as insulin resistance (r = -0.67 and r = -0.78 respectively) (all p<0.05). Findings of this study suggest the miRNAs can potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM. Further studies are required to examine the reproducibility of these findings.
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus, as a chronic metabolic disease, is characterized by hyperglycemia due to inadequate insulin production by pancreatic beta cells (T1DM) or insulin resistance (inability to respond properly to insulin)(T2DM) [1,2]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known as a risk factor for a variety of micro-and macro-vascular complications including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy and amputation that increases the rate of mortality in T2DM patients [3]. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are among the most common tests that have been used for screening and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. However, these parameters can predict the development of T2DM only when disease manifestation in patients have already caused metabolic alterations. In this regard, biomarkers for early detection of T2DM and identification of individuals at risk of developing diabetic complications could potentially complement the use of these parameters [4,5]. Identifying biological predictors involved in T2DM can disclose new biological pathways involved in this disease as well as early detection, and prognosis of this disease [6].
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved non-coding and intracellular molecules that inhibit translation of their target molecules by binding to the 3'-UTR region of the target molecules [7]. The miRNAs are synthesized by RNA POL II in the nucleus, where they are also processed by RNAse III Dorsha as well as DGCR8 to the pre-miRNA molecules (70 to 100 nucleotides long) that are transferred to cytoplasm by exportin 5 (XPO5). In the cytoplasm, pre-miRNA is processed by Dicer, and finally a mature miRNA molecule with 20 to 25 nucleotides is produced [8]. Recently, it has been shown that these molecules are involved in pathological processes such as T2DM and cancer [
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()`. These functions can be used everywhere where CSS values can be used within `amp-animation`, including timing and keyframes values.
#### CSS `index()` extension
The `index()` function returns an index of the current target element in the animation effect. This is most relevant when multiple targets are animated with the same effect using `selector` property. The first target matched by the selector will have index `0`, the second will have index `1` and so on.
Among other things, this property can be combined with `calc()` expressions and be used to create staggered effect. For instance:
```json
{
"selector": ".class-x",
"delay": "calc(200ms * index())"
}
```
#### CSS `length()` extension
The `length()` function returns the number of target elements in the animation effect. This is most relevant when combined with `index()`:
```json
{
"selector": ".class-x",
"delay": "calc(200ms * (length() - index()))"
}
```
#### CSS `rand()` extension
The `rand()` function returns a random CSS value. There are two forms.
The form without arguments simply returns the random number between 0 and 1.
```json
{
"delay": "calc(10s * rand())"
}
```
The second form has two arguments and returns the random value between these two arguments.
```json
{
"delay": "rand(5s, 10s)"
}
```
#### CSS `width()` and `height()` extensions
The `width()` and `height()` extensions return the width/height of the animated element or the element specified by the selector. The returned value is in pixels, e.g. `100px`.
The following forms are supported:
- `width()` and `height()` - width/height of the animated element.
- `width('.selector')` and `height('.selector')` - width/height of the element specified by the selector. Any CSS selector can be used. For instance, `width('#container > li')`.
- `width(closest('.selector'))` and `height(closest('.selector'))` - width/height of the element specified by the closest selector.
The `width()` and `height()` are epsecially useful for transforms. The `left`, `top` and similar CSS properties that can use `%` values to express animations proportional to container size. However, `transform` property interpretes `%` values differently - as a percent of the selected element. Thus, the `width()` and `height()` can be used to express transform animations in terms of container elements and similar.
These functions can be combined with `calc()`, `var()` and other CSS expressions. For instance:
```json
{
"transform": "translateX(calc(width('#container') + 10px))"
}
```
#### CSS `num()` extension
The `num()` function returns a number representation of a CSS value. For instance:
- `num(11px)` yields `11`;
- `num(110ms)` yields `110`;
- etc.
For instance, the following expression calculates the delay in seconds proportional to the element's width:
```json
{
"delay": "calc(1s * num(width()) / 100)"
}
```
### SVG animations
SVGs are awesome and we certainly recommend their use for animations!
SVG animations are supported via the same CSS properties described in [White listed properties for keyframes](#whitelisted-properties-for-keyframes) with some nuances:
- IE/Edge SVG elements [do not support CSS `transform` properties](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34434005/svg-transform-property-not-taking-acount-in-ie-edge). The `transform` animation itself is polyfilled. However, initial state defined in a stylesheet is not applied. If the initial transformed state is important on IE/Edge, it's recommended to duplicate it via [SVG `transform` attribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Attribute/transform).
- While `transform` CSS is polyfilled for IE/Edge, unfortunately, it's impossible to polyfill `transform-origin`. Thus, where compatibility with IE/Edge is desired, it's recommended to only use the default `transform-origin`.
- Most of the browsers currently have issues interpreting `transform-origin` CSS correctly. See issues for [Chrome](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=740300), [Safari](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=174285) and [Firefox](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1379340). Most of this confusion should be resolved once [CSS `transform-box`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform-box) is implemented. Where `transform
|
the Sun at High Resolution}, journal = {18th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun}, year = {2015}, month = {01/2015}, pages = {933-944}, address = {Lowell Observatory, 8-14 June, 2014}, abstract = {The 4-m aperture Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) formerly known as the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST) and currently under construction on Haleakala (Maui, Hawai\&$\#$39;i) will be the largest solar ground-based telescope and leading resource for studying the dynamic Sun and its phenomena at high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. Accurate and sensitive polarimetric observations at high-spatial resolution throughout the solar atmosphere including the corona is a high priority and a major science driver. As such the DKIST will offer a combination of state-of-the-art instruments with imaging and/or spectropolarimetric capabilities covering a broad wavelength range. This first-light instrumentation suite will include: a Visible Broadband Imager (VBI) for high-spatial and -temporal resolution imaging of the solar atmosphere; a Visible Spectro-Polarimeter (ViSP) for sensitive and accurate multi-line spectropolarimetry; a double Fabry-P{\'e}rot based Visible Tunable Filter (VTF) for high-spatial resolution spectropolarimetry; a fiber-fed 2D Diffraction-Limited Near Infra-Red Spectro-Polarimeter (DL-NIRSP); and a Cryogenic Near Infra-Red Spectro-Polarimeter (Cryo-NIRSP) for coronal magnetic field measurements and on-disk observations of e.g. the CO lines at 4.7 microns. We will provide a brief overview of the DKIST\&$\#$39;s unique capabilities to perform spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric measurements of the solar atmosphere using its first-light instrumentation suite, the status of the construction project, and how facility and data access is provided to the US and international community.}, keywords = {ATST, DKIST}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015csss...18..933T}, author = {Alexandra Tritschler and Thomas R. Rimmele and Steven J. Berukoff and Roberto Casini and Simon C. Craig and David F. Elmore and Robert P. Hubbard and Jeff R. Kuhn and Haosheng Lin and Joseph P. McMullin and Reardon, Kevin P and W. Schmidt and Mark Warner and Friedrich W{\"o}ger} } @article {1323, title = {Cross-Calibrating Sunspot Magnetic Field Strength Measurements from the McMath{\textendash}Pierce Solar Telescope and the Dunn Solar Telescope}, journal = {SoPh}, volume = {290}, year = {2015}, month = {11/2015}, pages = {3267-3277}, abstract = {In this article we describe a recent effort to cross-calibrate data from an infrared detector at the McMath\–Pierce Solar Telescope and the Facility InfraRed Spectropolarimeter (FIRS) at the Dunn Solar Telescope. A synoptic observation program at the McMath\–Pierce has measured umbral magnetic field strengths since 1998, and this data set has recently been compared with umbral magnetic field observations from SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI. To further improve on the data from McMath\–Pierce, we compared the data with measurements taken at the Dunn Solar Telescope with far greater spectral resolution than has been possible with space instrumentation. To minimise potential disruption to the study, concurrent umbral measurements were made so that the relationship between the two datasets can be most accurately characterised. We find that there is a strong agreement between the umbral magnetic field strengths recorded by each instrument, and we reduced the FIRS data in two different ways to successfully test this correlation further.}, keywords = {DST, FIRS, McMP}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-015-0803-z}, author = {Watson, Fraser T and Christian A.R. Beck and Matt J. Penn and Alexandra Tritschler and Valent{\'\i}n Mart{\'\i}nez Pillet and William C. Livingston} } @proceedings {1309, title = {Heliospheric plasma sheet inflation as a cause of solar wind anomaly during the solar cycle 23-24 minimum}, journal = {14th International Solar Wind Conference}, volume = {1720}, year = {2015}, month = {03/201
|
Our phones, laptops, and other advanced electronic equipment consume the majority of our leisure time. Smartphones are among the most highly-priced products that many people buy nowadays. So we use different types of screen protectors to protect our devices. As a result, there are so many types of Tempered Glass Screen Protectors available in the market.
Hope you all aware that LED lights emit blue rays that harm our eyes. But did you know that our phones, TVs, and other electronic devices are also affected by this issue? According to technical tests, blue light from our phones or televisions causes vision problems.
Moreover, using your phone before going to bed can have a serious effect on your sleep.
1 What is Anti-Blue Light Tempered Glass Screen Protector?
2 What is blue light?
3 Why should you buy an anti-blue light tempered glass screen protector?
4 What does an anti-blue light screen protector do?
6.1 How to install anti-blue light screen protector?
6.2 Do anti-blue light screen protector’s work?
6.3 What is anti-blue Tempered glass?
6.4 What is the best anti-blue light screen protector?
6.5 How do I know if my blue light screen protector is working?
6.6 Is blue light harmful?
As we know the blue light has several harmful influences on our eyes, anti-blue light tempered glass can be used to block the blue light generated by touchscreens. Blue light emitted by computer monitors and smartphones can reduce contrast, resulting in blurry vision. According to research, long-term use of blue light may cause retinal cellular injury.
What are the advantages of Anti-Blue Light Tempered Glass Screen Protector?
What does an anti-blue light screen protector do?
Some Tempered Glass Screen Protectors design and develop only to maintain your device’s screen undamaged if it is dropped or scratched. These screen protector will not prevent your mobile phone from everything. Nevertheless, it could bring a layer of safety to your mobile device to extend the life of your Mobile Phone.
Furthermore, the repairing cost of your Phone’s display is significantly greater than the price of a screen protector. Hence, you will spend a comparatively low fee on preventing your valuable mobile device from smudges and external disruptions.
Yes! we always find ways to protect our expensive devices but have you ever concerned about the health risk of using these mobile phones for long hours?
Most of these devices have become such a major part of our daily life, but the light released by such smart devices poses numerous health consequences. All such technological devices emit light. It could be extremely harmful to our sight and disrupt our sleeping habits.
Truth to be told, as a blogger I spend at least 6 to 7 hours in front of a computer or with my mobile phone. I personally experience this every day. So, I try to find any products that help me to get rid of these unwanted short-wavelength blue lights.
First, we will find out what is blue light? and what are the ways to eliminate Anti-Blue Light from our mobile devices?
Blue light is a visible light bandwidth colour. Blue light has a relatively smaller wavelength light which indicates it contains more energy. As we know, the human eye is not very good at controlling blue light. Almost all visible blue light travels through the front of the eye and enters the retina.
Long term use of blue light may affect retinal tissue damage and eye problems. It can also cause vision problems, eye cancer. According to a study, Kids are more likely to fall, victim, because their eyes consume more blue light from electronic devices.
An Anti-blue light tempered glass screen protector is a screen protector that prevents blue-ray injuries. Its primary function is to actually eliminate blue-rays by absorption of blue light. Blue light could even induce eye damage, visual fatigue, loss of vision, and glare. It could also prevent your body from dryness, chloasma, and freckles caused by Ultraviolet rays.
Minimize the glare on mobile LCD screens. Reduce damaging blue light from affecting your clear vision.
Protect the screen from scratches and smudges.
It can also protect the device from dust and water.
It has the ability to Block 100% UV light.
Anti-blue light glasses work by blocking dangerous blue light radiation from approaching our eyeballs. They have yellow-tinted filtration that cuts out blue light radiation from the display and keeps them from our eyeballs.
They also normally alter the composition on the computer monitor and other digital devices that also makes it much easier to see and thus decreases visual fatigue. Anti-blue light glasses are an excellent alternative to the issue of blue light. They are durable and easy to put on and take off based on the nature of your work.
While using anti-blue light glasses for some time, you might also recognize that your aches and pains, dry and sleepy eyes, and depressive symptoms will all improve, so you’ll be eligible to function on your computer or watch TV without fearing about your fitness.
We can protect our eyes from harmful blue ray’s and protect our eye retina using quality Anti
|
health.
Well, it sort of is. I get my auto insurance from USAA, but it is USAA doing business in VA and then when I moved to FL, it was transferred to that office and my policy changed to fit Florida law.
Exactly what aspects of human health is the government determining beyond setting a minimum standard of care, which is the duty of government in the first place. Try to pick something the insurance companies didn't already control.
I will tell you what Obamacare did do, it stopped insurance companies from effectively committing manslaughter in those cases where they denied insurance or dropped insurance and the person died as a result. It stopped insurance companies from maiming those people who didn't die.
On the contrary, this has been exacerbated and promises to get much worse.
Did the State of Florida require that you own an automobile? Did they tell you what insurance companies you could buy from? Was the price set by the state or by the market place? Were you told which mechanics could work on your car?
You will notice that manslaughter requires that an action was taken, resulting in the unlawful death of a person. Can you describe the illegal action taken by an insurance company, that caused the death of a person? Ever?
Can you describe a known, proven case where an insurance company maimed a person? By hiring a hit man, perhaps, as a paper corporation obviously cannot carry out physical actions itself...
First, let's parse your words. First you say "...notice that manslaughter requires that an action was taken ..." then you say "... Can you describe the illegal action taken ..." Why did you insert the word "illegal"? It is not necessary that the action be illegal to be considered involuntary manslaughter so long as the outcome is a foreseeable possible consequence of the action.
Denying or cancelling somebody's insurance who has a life-threatening condition is an action that has the foreseeable possible outcome of death. All you need to do is dig through newspaper stories to find plenty of examples, why would you think there is such a brouhaha about it. I have read several myself, although I did neglect to file them away for this conversation.
I guess it is hard for me to imagine a legal action that would result in a death. Certainly such things as reckless driving, or DUI, are illegal. Even relatively innocuous actions that result in a death are illegal when performed in such a way as to cause death.
Denying an insurance policy causes bacteria to reproduce and grow? Or a cancerous tumor to increase in size? Can you give the methodology showing that a signature on a piece of paper directly affects bacteria in human being?
Because I really don't think the courts will agree that signing a piece of paper denying a contract (of ANY sort) constitutes "manslaughter" as you claim.
"[Approximately 18.1 million Americans per year between 18 and 64 years of age experience a problem with their health plan that results in a denial or delay of medical care. [Families USA, 6/21/01]"
At the time he fell ill, his family's Medicaid coverage had lapsed. Even on the state plan, his mother said, the children lacked regular dental care and she had great difficulty finding a dentist. [The Washington Post, 3/3/07]"
Ms. Loewe eventually got treatment, but at personal cost and great aggravation. [The Wall Street Journal, 9/13/07]"
Are you still trying to claim that not having insurance makes bacteria grow? Or breaks bones, or causes infections? It is an obvious fallacy, you know. That Diamonte's parents made too much money for public support of their child did not put that cavity there.
As far as Ms Loewe - how horrible that she had to pay for treatment like the rest of us do.
you forgot to add... "and didn't have enough money to pay for treatment that the insurance would have"
Your own comments indicate that Loewe got her treatment, and without the public dole. Just like the rest of us do. If you wish to help Ms Loewe with her bills you are freed to do so, legally and morally. What you are NOT free to do, morally, is steal from a third party to pay her bills. The liberals of the country seem to frequently "forget" that rather important rule, but then they also forget that they some kind of god, defining morals for everyone.
Yes, she did, but at what cost of personal pain, suffering, and dollars that she should not have had to pay absent an unethical and immoral private health care system. If she qualified for Medicaid, that meant she was at or below poverty level; but given your comment, I am guess it was better that she traded in her rent, food, transportation to work, utility, and other essentials for living money to pay for a hugely expensive operation "just so she could stay off the dole." That is the American way, isn't it; it is better to die than have the
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Although Danilo Gasparrini is busy working on the project Hotelyo, the managing director of the travel outlet took some time for a interview with us. Hotelyo offers it’s users luxury hotels for discount-prices. The membership is free and Hotelyo guarantees new offers twice a week. The Milan based startup was founded within a partnership between Babotel and Jakala.
EU-Startups.com: When have you or your partners had the idea for Hotelyo and what made you sure it was the right one?
Danilo Gasparrini: We had the idea in july 2009 and we have been working on the business plan and a test phase for more than 6 months before we decided to start up. The travel private sales field has been going under a great growth in the last years: this business is widely developed in the US with great success also in France. We believed that there was space for growth in Europe, especially in Italy and in the UK. The idea was a real challenge, but considering results, it is the right one.
EU-Startups.com: Looking back – what would you do differently in the startup-stage and what were the main stumbling blocks of the first year?
Danilo Gasparrini: I have already started 3 companies and I think that there is always a lot to learn. Probably I would have developed the technology internally instead of outsourcing as i believe that for an internet start up it is very important to have full control over your technology. Instead we have decided to outsource it to move faster and this has created some problems in the first period. Now Hotelyo is growing and we are realaunching completetly the website with cutting edge technology.
EU-Startups.com: What makes Hotelyo unique or better as other travel deal outlets out there?
Danilo Gasparrini: We are very carefull in the selection of the hotels that we publish: we do not take on board a lot of hotels and offers that our competitors display in their websites. For us it is extremely important to be really competitive and to have the right destination in place. We publish according to the latest travel trends: we listen to our customers’ requests and try to satisfy their needs. This is why I am confident about our customer service team offering an excellent service and we strongly believe in the tailor made approach.
EU-Startups.com: Right now, Hotelyo is available in Italian and English. Have you any plans to enter additional markets within or outside the EU in 2011?
Danilo Gasparrini: We are an italian start up and we believe it is very important to establish Hotelyo has as leader in the Italian market and as important player in the UK. However as any other important company, we would positively like to expand into other markets: we are speaking to Venture Capital at the moment, if we raise the right amount of capital we will definitely expand abroad.
EU-Startups.com: How many discounted travel offers are you providing per week and do you have plans to increase this number?
Danilo Gasparrini: We provide more or less 7 offers twice a week, it means a total of 15 offers per week. Our product team select very carefully every offer to present a wide quality choice to our customer. We publish mainly hotels and also holiday packages, wellness and spa centers, all inclusive tours and cruise. Of course we are always working to increase the quality and our offer portfolio.
EU-Startups.com: How many people are working for Hotelyo right now and how do you support the corporate culture?
Danilo Gasparrini: We are a small team of 8 people working in our office. The selection of the human resources is a very important process in any company, more importantly in any start up. We have a great team of young people, we share the same value and we are all up for the challenge. We have fun at work and we enjoy what we are doing. We have only traveller in the team as it is extremely important to understand the travelers’ need. I encourage every single member of the team to come to me with ideas to improve what we offer and what we do.
EU-Startups.com: Where do you like to see your business (Hotelyo) in 3 years?
Danilo Gasparrini: In 3 years, and hopefully before, Hotelyo will be a very important player in the travel private sales in Europe and maybe in other continents as well.
EU-Startups.com: How is your experience with Milan as a location to start a company?
Danilo Gasparrini: Milan is the best place in Italy to start a company. It is easy to find talented people and there is a great networking going on. Unfortunately in Italy to run a start up is much more complicated than in any other European countries as the bureaucracy doesn’t help the growth of start up.
Nice interview! I wonder how you came to the conclusion that there
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list pointers to future work. Automatic Tag Recommendation Algorithms for Social Recommender Systems The emergence of Web 2.0 and the consequent success of social network websites such as del.icio.us and Flickr introduce us to a new concept called social bookmarking, or tagging in short. Tagging can be seen as the action of connecting a relevant user-defined keyword to a document, image or video, which helps user to better organize and share their collections of interesting stuff. With the rapid growth of Web 2.0, tagged data is becoming more and more abundant on the social network websites. An interesting problem is how to automate the process of making tag recommendations to users when a new resource becomes available. In this paper, we address the issue of tag recommendation from a machine learning perspective of view. From our empirical observation of two large-scale data sets, we first argue that the user-centered approach for tag recommendation is not very effective in practice. Consequently, we propose two novel document-centered approaches that are capable of making effective and efficient tag recommendations in real scenarios. The first graph-based method represents the tagged data into two bipartite graphs of (document, tag) and (document, word), then finds document topics by leveraging graph partitioning algorithms. The second prototype-based method aims at finding the most representative documents within the data collections and advocates a sparse multi-class Gaussian process classifier for efficient document classification. For both methods, tags are ranked within each topic cluster/class by a novel ranking method. Recommendations are performed by first classifying a new document into one or more topic clusters/classes, and then selecting the most relevant tags from those clusters/classes as machine-recommended tags. Experiments on real-world data from Del.icio.us, CiteULike and BibSonomy examine the quality of tag recommendation as well as the efficiency of our recommendation algorithms. The results suggest that our document-centered models can substantially improve the performance of tag recommendations when compared to the user-centered methods, as well as topic models LDA and SVM classifiers. Auto-scaling Web Applications in Clouds: A Taxonomy and Survey Web application providers have been migrating their applications to cloud data centers, attracted by the emerging cloud computing paradigm. One of the appealing features of cloud is elasticity. It allows cloud users to acquire or release computing resources on demand, which enables web application providers to auto-scale the resources provisioned to their applications under dynamic workload in order to minimize resource cost while satisfying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. In this paper, we comprehensively analyze the challenges remain in auto-scaling web applications in clouds and review the developments in this field. We present a taxonomy of auto-scaling systems according to the identified challenges and key properties. We analyze the surveyed works and map them to the taxonomy to identify the weakness in this field. Moreover, based on the analysis, we propose new future directions. Average Predictive Comparisons for models with nonlinearity, interactions, and variance components In a predictive model, what is the expected difference in the outcome associated with a unit difference in one of the inputs? In a linear regression model without interactions, this average predictive comparison is simply a regression coefficient (with associated uncertainty). In a model with nonlinearity or interactions, however, the average predictive comparison in general depends on the values of the predictors. We consider various definitions based on averages over a population distribution of the predictors, and we compute standard errors based on uncertainty in model parameters. We illustrate with a study of criminal justice data for urban counties in the United States. The outcome of interest measures whether a convicted felon received a prison sentence rather than a jail or non-custodial sentence, with predictors available at both individual and county levels.We fit three models: (1)a hierarchical logistic regression with varying coefficients for the within-county intercepts as well as for each individual predictor; (2)a hierarchical model with varying intercepts only; and (3)a nonhierarchical model that ignores themultilevel nature of the data. The regression coefficients have different interpretations for the different models; in contrast, the models can be compared directly using predictive comparisons. Furthermore, predictive comparisons clarify the interplay between the individual and county predictors for the hierarchical models and also illustrate the relative size of varying county effects. Avoiding the Barriers of In-Memory Business Intelligence: Making Data Discovery Scalable When looking at the growth rates of the business intelligence platform space, it is apparent that acquisitions of new business intelligence tools have shifted dramatically from traditional data visualization and aggregation use cases to newer data discovery implementations. This shift toward data discovery use cases has been driven by two key factors: faster implementation times and the ability to visualize and manipulate data as quickly as an analyst can click a mouse. The improvements in implementation speeds stem from the use of architectures that access source data directly without having to first aggregate all the data in a central location such as an enterprise data warehouse or departmental data mart. The promise of fast manipulation of data has largely been accomplished by employing in-memory data management models to exploit the speed advantage of accessing data from server memory over traditional disk-based approaches. The “physics” of
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95% 391 CI: −8.94-10.62 and pupae per person index: −0.023 and a 95% CI: −0.749-0.703) was 392 observed after covering drums with insecticide-treated nets [119]. A study in Brazil indicated 393 that a long-term decrease in adult female population density was achieved only when water 394 tanks and metal drums were covered with nylon net [44]. Another study conducted in Brazil 395 that placed concrete in the bottom of storm drains indicated that after the intervention, water 396 accumulated in 5 (9.6%) of the storm drains (P < 0.001), none (0.0%) had immature forms of 397 Aedes species (P < 0.001), and 3 (5.8%) contained adults' mosquitoes (P = 0.039) [58]. Mexico showed the long-term (more than two years) benefits of using insecticide-treated 414 screens combined with treating the most productive breeding sites of Aedes aegypti [96]. In 415 Mexico and Venezuela, a combined approach (using insecticide-treated curtains and treating 416 water containers with pyriproxyfen chips or cover water containers) was also applied [107]. In 417 both countries, entomological indices after the intervention were significantly lower than 418 baseline. However, no significant difference between the control and the intervention group 419 was observed due to the spillover effect (an indirect effect on a subject/ area not directly 420 treated by the experiment [116,117]. One study indicated that the vector densities in the intervention group, 435 on average, increased less than those in the control group (from spring to autumn) after 436 implementing the interventions (collection of small containers and covering of large 437 containers). However, the difference was statistically not significant [116]. In the other study, 438 the average pupae per person index decreased in the intervention group 11 times and in the 439 control group four times (P < 0.05). Although the difference was not statistically significant, the 440 container index, house index, and Breteau index decreased in the intervention group more 441 than those in the control clusters [117]. 442
443
One study in Cuba and Haiti used long-lasting insecticide-treated curtains or bed nets to 444 control Aedes mosquitoes [134,137]. In Cuba, no effect of the insecticide-treated curtains on 445 Aedes infestation levels (house index and Breteau index) was observed (study period 18 446 months) [134]. In contrast, the study in Haiti demonstrated significant differences between the 447 intervention group and the control group. At one month post-intervention (usage of insecticide-448 treated bed nets), all entomological indices declined (house index in the intervention group 449 declined with 6.7 (95% CI -10.6, -2.7; P < 0.01) and Breteau index reduced by 8.4 (95% CI - In general, environmental management, especially combined approaches (e.g. using 456 insecticide-treated screens and treating the most productive breeding sites), led to beneficial 457 and even longterm effects (≥ two years). However, it is crucial to be aware that the community 458 perceptions/ participation and negligence of potential mosquito breeding sites can negatively 459 affect the approach mentioned above's effectiveness. 460 461 Traps 462 In Latin America, eight studies that used traps as control measures were identified [37, 41, 42, 463 49, 53, 66, 71, 72]. Five studies were conducted in Brazil, and three were performed in 464 Colombia. One study conducted in Brazil found that sticky traps (MosquiTRAP) The evidence on traps suggests that sticky traps are less effective than ovitraps (combined 497 with a type of insecticide) and traps to capture adult mosquitoes. Ovitraps and traps to capture 498 adult mosquitoes led to a significant reduction in entomological indices and a decline in the 499 incidence of ABIDs. 500 501 Genetically modified mosquitoes 502 One study released transgenic male Aedes
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-Pro nods during his time with the Cardinals. He was also a member of the NFL's All-Decade Team for the 2010s.
New England Patriots: Matthew Slater, WR
Current Hall of Fame "lock"? No, but this should be up for debate
Slater's HOF future depends on whether other SPE standouts get recognized
One of the best special teams players in league history, Slater has earned 10 Pro Bowl and two All-Pro nods in 14 years with the Patriots. A member of the Patriots' last three championship teams, Slater's future Hall of Fame chances largely determine whether Steve Tasker, the Bills' special teams standout during Buffalo's championship years, is recognized with a gold jacket and bronze bust.
New York Giants: Saquon Barkley, RB
Injuries have temporarily hurt Barkley's trajectory
Barkley is looking to rebound after two injury-marred seasons. During his first two seasons, Barkley rushed for 2,310 yards and 17 touchdowns while amassing 1,159 receiving yards and six touchdown receptions. Barkley is hoping to rebound in 2022 while being part of what should be an improved Giants' offense.
New York Jets: C.J. Mosley, LB
Mosley has enjoyed a career rebirth in the Big Apple
A four-time Pro Bowler in Baltimore, Mosley returned to form last year after missing most of the previous two seasons. He racked up 169 tackles, two sacks and two forced fumbles in 2021, his first season under head coach Robert Saleh.
Philadelphia Eagles: Fletcher Cox, DT
Cox has a solid mix of individual accolades and team success
Six Pro Bowls, an All-Pros, a Super Bowl win, and being a member of the NFL's All-2010s Team should be enough to get Cox a gold jacket and a bronze bust. A few more productive seasons may push Cox's Hall of Fame chances over the top. Another deep playoff run by the Birds wouldn't hurt, either.
Pittsburgh Steelers: T.J. Watt, OLB
Current Hall of Fame "lock"? No, but getting close
Watt's career is off to an historic start
Cameron Heyward has also put together a career worthy of Hall of Fame consideration. But the nod here went to Watt, the NFL's sack king each of the last two seasons. Last season, Watt matched Michael Strahan's 21-year-old NFL record for sacks in a season with 22. Last year's DPOY, Watt has 72 career sacks in 77 games. He also has 22 forced fumbles and seven fumble recoveries.
San Francisco 49ers: Trent Williams, LT
Williams is a surefire HOF lock
Williams picked up his ninth consecutive Pro Bowl nod and first All-Pro selection in 2021. Williams recently came in at No. 8 on CBS Sports Senior Writer Pete Prisco's list of the NFL's top 100 players.
Seattle Seahawks: DK Metcalf, WR
Seattle's QB situation is critical for Metcalf's HOF future
Metcalf has used his size and speed to quickly become one of the NFL's top wideouts. He caught 216 passes for 3,170 yards and 29 touchdowns during his first three years in Seattle. How well he gels with Geno Smith will help determine whether Metcalf's HOF odds will rise or fall in the coming years.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Tom Brady, QB
Seven rings, five Super Bowl and three league MVPs says it all
I almost wrote "Yes" seven times to pay homage to Brady's Super Bowl wins as well as to drive the point home that, yes, Brady will be enshrined in Canton as soon as he is eligible. A seven-time Super Bowl champion, five-time Super Bowl MVP and three-time league MVP, Brady is only adding to his legacy in Tampa Bay. He led the NFL with 5,316 yards and 43 touchdowns last season at age 44.
Tennessee Titans: Derrick Henry, RB
Current Hall of Fame "lock"? No, but he's on his way
Henry will need at least 3-4 more seasons at his current pace
After a somewhat slow start, Henry's career has exploded over the past two years. Henry won his first of two consecutive rushing titles in 2019 while carrying Tennessee to an AFC title game appearance. In 2020, Henry became the eighth player in history to rush for over 2,000 yards in a season. Henry was off to a torrid start last year before in injury wiped out the second half of his season.
Washington Commanders: Terry McLaurin, WR
McLaurin needs more love from his peers moving forward
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Klima, M. et al. The high-resolution crystal structure of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIbeta and the crystal structure of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIalpha containing a nucleoside analogue provide a structural basis for isoform-specific inhibitor design. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography 71, 1555–1563, https://doi.org/10.1107/S1399004715009505 (2015).
Klima, M. et al. Structural insights and in vitro reconstitution of membrane targeting and activation of human PI4KB by the ACBD3 protein. Scientific reports 6, 23641, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23641 (2016).
Eisenreichova, A., Klima, M. & Boura, E. Crystal structures of a yeast 14-3-3 protein from Lachancea thermotolerans in the unliganded form and bound to a human lipid kinase PI4KB-derived peptide reveal high evolutionary conservation. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 72, 799–803, https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053230X16015053 (2016).
Chalupska, D. et al. Structural analysis of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIbeta (PI4KB) - 14-3-3 protein complex reveals internal flexibility and explains 14-3-3 mediated protection from degradation in vitro. Journal of structural biology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2017.08.006 (2017).
Lamarche, M. J. et al. Anti-hepatitis C virus activity and toxicity of type III phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase beta inhibitors. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 56, 5149–5156, https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00946-12 (2012).
Raubo, P. et al. Discovery of potent, selective small molecule inhibitors of alpha-subtype of type III phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase (PI4KIIIalpha). Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 25, 3189–3193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.093 (2015).
Mejdrova, I. et al. Highly Selective Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase IIIbeta Inhibitors and Structural Insight into Their Mode of Action. Journal of medicinal chemistry 58, 3767–3793, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00499 (2015).
Rutaganira, F. U. et al. Design and Structural Characterization of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 4 Kinase IIIbeta. Journal of medicinal chemistry 59, 1830–1839, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01311 (2016).
Dorobantu, C. M. et al. Modulation of the Host Lipid Landscape to Promote RNA Virus Replication: The Picornavirus Encephalomyocarditis Virus Converges on the Pathway Used by Hepatitis C Virus. PLoS pathogens 11, doi:ARTN e100518510.1371/journal.ppat.1005185 (2015).
Ishikawa-Sasaki, K., Sasaki, J. & Taniguchi, K. A complex comprising phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIbeta, ACBD3, and Aichi virus proteins enhances phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate synthesis and is critical for formation of the viral replication complex. Journal of virology 88, 6586–6598, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.0020
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This disease involves a progressive degeneration of the dorsal roots, dorsal root ganglia, and posterior column; as a result, proprioception and vibration sense are impaired.
It usually occurs in the last stage of syphilis late, but early involvement is reported. Although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) attacks usually occur early in syphilis sometimes complicated with meningitis, the clinical syndrome of dorsalis tabs, one of the two symptoms of late neurosyphilis, usually occurs years, usually twenty to thirty years later.
The pathogenesis of dorsalis tabs follows the pattern of syphilis elsewhere: an inflammatory response against treponema and gummas (caseous necrosis in granulomata). Other studies support the attack of large myelinated muscle fibers by Treponema pallidum and subsequent neuronal degeneration. Cellular penetration into the spinal cord indicates T-helper cells, macrophages that produce cytokines that strengthen the inflammatory process.
Men who have sex with men and patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or PLWH (patients living with HIV), are at greater risk for neurosyphilis, especially the first types. HIV coinfection is most common with neurosyphilis in the U.S. Therefore, clinical suspicion of neurosyphilis in PLWH should remain strong for neurological, visual, or otologic signs or symptoms. Neurosyphilis can be symptomatic and undetectable. In asymptomatic neurosyphilis, which is an inflammation without symptoms, the lumbar puncture of the CSF test is controversial.
However, many feel it is important, especially for PLWH, to establish a diagnosis if available because treatment with penicillin at higher and higher doses than primary and secondary syphilis can delay or prevent the development of clinically visible neurosyphilis when it develops as late neurosyphilis.
Man is the only person in control of the nature of Treponema pallidum. Treponemes are helical spirochetal bacteria, small and air-coated. They can be seen in a dark field microscope or immunofluorescence.
Infection of Tabes Dorsalis with Treponema pallidum, if left untreated or untreated, can lead to late neurosyphilis with two types, common paresis (also known as "syphilitic dementia," "dementia paralytica" or "paretic neurosyphilis" and "paretic neurosyphilis"). also known as "locomotor ataxia". Treponema pallidum can be transmitted upwards from the mother to the fetus and sexually. In addition, it can also be transmitted through blood transfusions, solid organ transplants, and easy contact with infected patients with minimal skin damage and mucous membranes.
Treponema pallidum enters the body through scratches on the skin and tight mucous membranes and travels through lymphatics and blood within a few hours. Bacteria can infect the CNS in primary syphilis with symptomatic CNS involvement showing in 30% of patients with primary syphilis. Most exposure is resolved in people with weakened immune systems.
The duration of syphilis is equal to the number of items included. An estimate of 500 and more organisms is required in the event of disease.
The stages of syphilis, based on clinical findings and time, and infrequent clinical manifestations, are relatively new (two to six weeks after infection, with ulcers and ulcers), second (1 to 2 months after onset, with skin lesions and infectious lesions) short and in higher education, 10 to 60 years after infection, consisting of the heart (e.g. aortic division), ocular syphilis, otic syphilis, gummatous disease and late neurosyphilis ( common paresis and dorsalis tabs and meningovascular disease and meningomyelitis).
Girdle sensation: Feeling of cord drawn tightly around the body.
Bladder disturbances; retention of urine, imperfect sphincter control.
In histologic tests, degeneration and subsequent deterioration of the dorsal roots can be visualized leading to a change in the affected torque column to a poor white. Unfortunately, living organisms are not seen in most cases of spinal cord injuries.
Perivascular penetration of multiple CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and small vessel abolition. Gummas, i.e., necrosis with medial cases surrounded by an inflamed area showing a granulomatous appearance, can be seen anywhere in the CNS.
TPPA (Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay), and EIAs (enzyme immunoassays) are more effective treponemal tests than VDRL in infected patients; dysfunctional effects help rule out asymptomatic cases. If the patient has a good serology of syphilis and neurologic signs and symptoms that elevate neurosyphilis, then lumbar piercing is indicated to diagnose neurosy
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term, but with a coupling-dependent overall coefficient. The renormalization was framed in terms of the cancellation of divergences of the gravity action, and not in terms of the well-posedness of the variational principle, as for higher-curvature gravities (with the exception of Lovelock) this is an open problem. As it is explained in what follows, this idea for generating counterterms based on the Einstein-AdS case can be generalized to arbitrary HCGs considering the asymptotic behaviour of AlAdS spaces.
When considering pure AdS vacua, a minimal requirement for the renormalization procedure is to render the Euclidean on-shell action equal to either zero or the vacuum energy of the maximally-symmetric configuration. As it is usual, the vacuum energy appears in odd-dimensional bulk manifolds, and in the context of AdS/CFT, it is related to the Casimir energy in the CFT side. One can then assume that the boundary term for HCGs is equal to the one for Einstein gravity but with a coupling-dependent overall factor. This overall factor can then be fixed by requiring the cancellation of divergences in the action for the maximally-symmetric solution. As in the case of L(Riemann) theories, said action evaluated in the vacuum solution is proportional to the AdS volume, with an overall constant dependent of the couplings of the theory. One can then check if the same boundary term works for other AlAdS solutions besides the pure AdS configuration.
A similar approach was pursued in [41] and [42], where the authors considered some counterterms with a multiplicative constant -that matches the prescription in [26]-in order to compute the Noether-Wald charges for quadratic curvature gravity theories in evendimensional asymptotically AdS spacetimes. In [43] the same terms are introduced to obtain renormalized entanglement entropies.
The counterterms considered in these last three references are, however, different from the usual HR proposal. The latter prescription produces a series of terms, whose complexity depends on the dimension and can not be expressed in any closed form. The new approach adds to the action some topological quantities dubbed Kounterterms -because they can be naturally written in terms of the extrinsic curvature of the boundary-, and were originally proposed in [28,29,[44][45][46][47] to renormalize the Einstein-Hilbert action and obtain a well-posed variational principle, which then allows to compute finite conserved charges in AdS gravity.
Moreover, another interesting application of this method is the computation of renormalized entanglement entropies [40,48,49].
In the present work, we aim to expand this prescription to more general theories of gravity admitting AlAdS solutions in up to 5 dimensions, which can be expanded in terms of the radial coordinate as in (2.7), with the coefficients given in (2.9). First of all, we will simply write the form of the Kounterterms for general even and odd dimensional bulks, as given in the literature. The only modification that we make is the multiplicative constant C(L) that accompanies these boundary terms, which was defined in (2.6) and is the only theory-dependent part of the entire expression. In sections 4 and 5 we will see that this constant appears naturally in the divergent terms that need to be cancelled, and hence it is motivated.
Kounterterms for even bulk dimensions
The Kounterterms for D = 2n dimensions are given by [28] where B 2n−1 is the n-th Chern form 6 and we write the constant c 2n−1 as This recovers the usual value of the constant for Einstein gravity, presented for example in [30], since in that case C(L) = 1/κ with our conventions. However, we claim that this counterterm is suitable for more general theories of gravity whose Lagrangian is made of arbitrary contractions of the Riemann tensor, in particular, whose bulk is 4−dimensional. As shown in [30], for Einstein gravity the Kounterterm (3.1) is exactly equivalent to the usual HR prescription in D = 4 -and, at least, in D = 6, as long as the boundary is conformally flat; i.e., the Weyl tensor of the boundary vanishes-. We will see this explicitly in section 4, when we show that it cancels the divergences of the on-shell action in 4 dimensions. 6 In these expressions, δ µ 1 ···µp ν 1 ···νp is the generalized Kronecker delta [50], Besides, this even-dimensional Kounterterm can be written also as a bulk integral, by means of Euler's theorem. In particular, where χ(M 2n ) is the
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/white discoloration (26). This kind of "non-typical" endoscopic image is present in about 10% of early gastric cancers. The smaller the early lesion, the larger the percentage of cancers in a form of mucous membrane discoloration.
Considering this phenomenon, Yao proposed a new classification of early gastric cancer, with a division into three subtypes: polypoid, ulcerous and gastritis like cancer (22).
Advanced neoplastic changes according to the Borman classification can be macroscopically divided to: I-tumorous, II-ulcerous with clearly separated margin of infiltration, III ulcerous with weakly separated margin of infiltration, and IV-flat and fibrous lesions.
It should be remembered that a neoplastic lesion may seemingly heal under the influence of gastric secretion inhibiting medications.
In the Polish population, where the gastric cancer is still a clinical issue, gastroscopy should be performed for all patients with "dyspepsia". The resignation from endoscopy, initial use of eradication of H. pylori infection and treatment with medications decreasing gastric secretion may cause a delay in diagnostics.
The diagnostic value of endoscopy is determined by the proper training of the physician performing the examination, good preparation of the patient, accurate classical stomach evaluation and targeted biopsy.
In the endoscopic trainings it should be emphasized that while searching for neoplastic lesions in the stomach attention should be paid not only to the concave and convex lesions, but also to the changes in mucous membrane coloration/surface structure and vascular pattern of mucous membrane.
Video recording/photographs taken during the endoscopy make it possible to return to the image if it is needed. They are a foundation for trainings, joint interdisciplinary discussions and the enhancement of the quality of endoscopy.
Technical progress in endoscopic imaging will decrease the number of performed classical biopsies in favor of so-called "optical biopsies".
Determining gastric cancer advancement stage
In determining the stage of cancer advancement main roles are played by physical examination, classical endoscopy, and computed tomography of abdominal cavity and chest. An evaluation of female genital organs is also routinely performed in females. In chosen cases (cT3, cT4 tumors, suspected intraperitoneal dissemination) diagnostic laparoscopy is recommended. Performing cytological examination of peritoneal washings during laparoscopy and laparotomy is not recommended as obligatory.
Performing EUS in the early and advanced lesions is not routinely recommended due to lack of benefits in terms of treatment planning.
In case of early gastric cancer, initially qualifying for endoscopic treatment, the best method of determining the stage of neoplasm guidelines 6. Splenectomy and/or resection of the tail of pancreas is justified in cases of macroscopic features of infiltration of the region of splenic hilum and/or tail of pancreas, which concerns in particular the tumors located in the upper part of the stomach and on the greater curvature. 7. The recommended extent of lymph nodes excision during potentially radical resection is D2 lymphadenectomy. 8. If the infiltration of gastric cancer is intraoperatively revealed in the adjacent organs and the patient's general condition makes it possible to perform an extensive operation, a multi-organ resection should be performed provided that this resection would have a radical character. 9. In case of adenocarcinoma of the gastro-esophageal junction, the authors of the Consensus recommend a tactics of surgical proceedings based on the tumor localization according to the classification by Siewert: a. type I -laparotomy and right thoracotomy with a removal of lower, thoracic part of the esophagus b. type II -total stomach resection with a resection of lower part of esophagus using transhiatal access. When the result of the intraoperative pathological examination is positive it is recommended to extend the extent of the esophagus resection using the access through right thoracotomy. In justified cases it is acceptable to remove both stomach and esophagus. c. type III -total stomach resection with the resection of the lower part of using transhiatal access, with intraoperative pathological examination of the resection margin from the side of esophagus. When the result of the pathological examination is positive it is recommended to extend the extent of the esophagus resection using the access through thoracotomy.
Minimally invasive surgery -laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery in the treatment of gastric cancer
The number of laparoscopic surgeries or surgeries assisted by laparoscopy systematically increases. This incremental trend regarding the percentage of laparoscopic surgeries is observed not only in Japan or South Korea, but also in the other parts of the world, including Europe.
For obvious reasons, the percentage of laparoscopic stomach resections is highest among the patients with early gastric cancer (T1) localized in the central as well as the distal part of the stomach. Both
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stress free to get a week or two, far from operate and all of commitments. Is some advice for the next time you go on holiday. When traveling globally on a budget, consider using routes instead of trains in your spots. When trains might be the greater standard method of transportation for backpackers, numerous airlines provide lower price air flights which are less costly than workout seats. This way, it is possible to travel to much more locations without having contributing to your financial budget. Pack some plastic material zipper luggage. You understand you need these to obtain your fluids and toiletries through protection, but extras can always prove useful. You might need a handful of extra for snack food items on the highway, as a rubbish bag, or for an an ice pack load in an emergency. Primarily, they are available in useful when you find yourself packing to return property where you can washing wet swimsuit to get inside your handbag. When choosing a location to go to, there is not any far better supply of information compared to a fellow visitor. Other travelers with similar requires and strategies, can tell you what places are should-views and what regions you should try to stay away from. No guidebook can swap the 1st-palm connection with another individual or family. Use some different merchants from your identical niche, based on whatever you like. Offering your visitors three or four distinct ad banners to click provides them options in possible destinations from which to choose. This can also provide you with important information concerning which merchant functions the best versus the other folks. Do you now have much more intellect about touring? Have you ever better or changed your general policy for travel? Have you ever discovered helpful, cost-effective strategies to increase the travel practical experience? Have you been conscious of how you will will manage an unexpected emergency or unanticipated function? Using these ideas, you should have all you need to succeed.
While on a trip might appear to be a cumbersome and mind-boggling process, just understanding the the best places to go and once traveling can significantly help to simplifying this process. Should you be not ready for the getaway, dropping money and time invested in search of things can really create your vacation a bad one particular. Utilize these suggestions to prevent these frequent difficulties. Don’t determine a hotel by its title on your own. Seek out the entire year it had been built or very last remodeled, which is often extremely showing. Lodges might take a overcoming plus a recently created finances resort, might be a lot nicer than the usual high end brand name that is exhibiting a great deal of wear from not being remodeled in years. If you are intending a visit in foreign countries, try and get your passport earlier on. Many individuals underestimate just how long it takes to get a passport for the first time and therefore are remaining struggling and paying out added service fees to obtain it expedited. Policy for your passport to take 6 to 8 days to reach, specially in peak travel year. If you intend to opt for a evening flight or maybe an incredibly extended flight on the whole, it might be advisable to deliver some type of slumbering help. It’s very difficult to sleep on planes in any case, but by taking a getting to sleep assist prior to takeoff, it is possible to arrive at your spot fresh and ready to undertake the planet! For many the street journey is the only method to travel. If you’re likely to be getting a highway trip do that easy issues before hand so you don’t find yourself trapped midway throughout the country. # 1, make sure you purchase an gas modify! Number two, have your auto technician give your car or truck a once more than before you leave. The very last thing you want in the middle of no in which are easily preventable mechanized breakdowns. While Spanish language may be the lingua franca in most countries within the Traditional western hemisphere, understand that Brazil is not one of these. Brazilians articulate Portuguese. If you plan to see Brazil, studying a little Portuguese can grow to be plenty of help discovering Spanish language is going to be considerably less valuable for your needs. There is lots of planet to view, in both our yards and round the world. Exploring these areas is excellent fun and must be described as a supply of rest. The tips and recommendations on this page, are meant to make your journeys more enjoyable and much less stress filled when you set up off of to your travel spot.
Travel can be something many of us enjoy. It is a break in the monotony of each and every day life. It is actually a possiblity to chill out and are living stress free to get a week or two, from job and all responsibilities. The following is some advice for the following time you go on a break. Load up gently when traveling. Individuals usually tend to load much more than is essential, and find yourself only using about half of the they acquire. Pick a number of goods that one could put on several times, and strive to synchronize almost everything. When you forget about to pack a certain piece
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“Best car wrecker services in Melbourne that can provide you with the best possible prices on used and damaged cars”
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A lot of work comes with a salvage title vehicle. Along with maintenance costs, you need to figure out how to make this vehicle street legal. When asking, 'Can I insure a salvage title car?' there are a few things to consider.
The simple answer to whether or not you can insure a salvage title car is usually no. If a car has a salvage title, it is considered a total loss and is illegal to drive on public roads. Which means, you cannot purchase insurance for it. However, if you refurbish your vehicle to meet certain standards, it can be tested to qualify for a rebuilt title says ValuePenguin. This means you can legally register, drive on public roads, and sell the vehicle.
After a car has been deemed a total loss, it is given a salvage title, also known as a branded title. According to ValuePenguin, a car is deemed a total loss if it has extensive damage and the expenses to repair it surpass a set percentage of the car's total value. This percentage differs by state and car insurance company, though it is usually between 60 and 90 percent of the cash value of the car. Insurance companies typically auction off a car with a salvage title to a salvage yard or a buyer who wishes to rebuild.
Carinsurance.com explains that you might have a hard time buying insurance for a salvage title car that has been rebuilt. This is because many car insurance companies only want to offer you liability insurance for this type of vehicle. Insurers don't like to sell full coverage insurance for rebuilt vehicles since it's challenging to determine what existing damage the vehicle might have.
For example, to issue a driver collision and comprehensive coverage, the insurance company needs to know exactly what was damaged in the accident. With a car that already has extensive damage, it's hard to determine this. They don't want to cover costs for a car that already had a lot wrong with it to begin with.
If you do get insurance on your rebuilt salvage title car, expect to get a payout that is quite low from your insurance provider. This is because a car with this title is worth 20 to 40 percent less than a vehicle with a clean title.
What Are the Differences Between a Salvage and a Rebuilt Title?
The difference between a rebuilt title and a salvage title is that a car with a salvage title has to have repairs made and then inspected to meet certain state standards. Once it meets these standards, the salvage title can be swapped out for a rebuilt title, which will make it legal to drive.
Though cars with a rebuilt salvage title can be more complicated to insure, not all of them are necessarily bad vehicles to have. In fact, many people who rebuild salvage cars can get them close to factory standards.
The Balance says that when buying a car with a rebuilt title it can be hard to determine its quality. Every state has its own set of standards for a car to qualify for a rebuilt title, so quality can vary. Hire a mechanic to inspect the vehicle before purchasing it. They will test it to make sure the parts and basic functionality are road-safe or if the car still needs major work. It's better to pay for an inspection than to be stuck with a car that constantly needs repairs.
Cars with rebuilt titles often have refurbished parts. Have the mechanic look to see if all the necessary parts are there and in good condition. If this is the case, it should be a perfectly fine vehicle to purchase.
There are situations when a car has damage that is so severe that it can never be driven again even if it was repaired. A car like this is given a non-repairable title rather than a salvage title. The owner of this kind of vehicle may not restore the title. A car with a non-repairable title can only be used for its parts.
HowStuffWorks tells us that most insurance companies don't offer comprehensive coverage on a salvaged auto. To find full coverage and comprehensive coverage, you should shop around to get multiple quotes. After getting three or four quotes, see which company offers you the best value. Many policies for a car with a rebuilt title may include a surcharge of up to 20 percent. Reconsider your options if your insurance rate is more than what you saved by buying a car with a rebuilt title.
Certified mechanic's statement: this statement verifies that the vehicle is in good working condition.
Pictures of the vehicle: Some insurers will also require video footage of your car. These pictures and videos will stay on file, so they can compare them with the damage to your vehicle in the case of a claim.
Original repair estimate: When you purchase a rebuilt title car, you should receive the car's original repair estimate. It includes all the damages and renovations the vehicle has had. This document provides evidence that the vehicle has been completely repaired.
In many cases, as we've learned from The Balance, a rebuilt salvage title car can save you money. However, as a buyer, you must be careful when purchasing this kind of car in order to get a fair deal
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-22. upstream. adding that person as a reviewer — this works even if that person This GitHub App syncs repository settings defined in .github/settings.yml to GitHub, enabling Pull Requests for repository settings. that change a line without addressing all the comments related to that However, each pull request should be a single, logical unit. The round robin algorithm chooses reviewers based on who's received the least recent review request, focusing on alternating between all members of the team regardless of the number of outstanding reviews they currently have. push whenever you like. the master, add-documentation, A single commit is desirable because a pull request represents a single Managing people's access to your organization with roles, Maintaining ownership continuity for your organization, Giving "team maintainer" permissions to an organization member, Adding a billing manager to your organization, Removing a billing manager from your organization, Managing code review assignment for your team, Synchronizing a team with an identity provider group, Moving a team in your organization’s hierarchy, Requesting to add or change a parent team, Removing organization members from a team, Disabling team discussions for your organization, Managing scheduled reminders for your team, Managing access to your organization's repositories, Repository permission levels for an organization, Setting base permissions for an organization, Viewing people with access to your repository, Managing an individual's access to an organization repository, Managing team access to an organization repository, Adding outside collaborators to repositories in your organization, Canceling an invitation to become an outside collaborator in your organization, Removing an outside collaborator from an organization repository, Converting an organization member to an outside collaborator, Converting an outside collaborator to an organization member, Reinstating a former outside collaborator's access to your organization, Managing access to your organization’s project boards, Project board permissions for an organization, Managing access to a project board for organization members, Managing team access to an organization project board, Managing an individual’s access to an organization project board, Adding an outside collaborator to 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Set of changes ready for a way to answer it
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coefficients from series of normal heartbeats between these lags. r-STSF uses this difference in the variability to differentiate between normal and abnormal heartbeats.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\subfloat[\label{fig:ECG_interpretability_iqrReg}]{
\includegraphics[scale=0.075]{./Figs/ECG_interpretability_iqrReg_vAlign.png}
}
\subfloat[\label{fig:ECG_Reg_singleplot}]{
\includegraphics[scale=0.075]{./Figs/ECG_Reg_singleplot_vAlign.png}
}
\caption{Autoregressive representations of all time series in the ECG200 dataset. \textbf{(a)} Location of discriminatory intervals according to the iqr aggregation function. \textbf{(b)} The variability of the AR coefficients of the abnormal heartbeats (red color) compared to those of the normal heartbeats (blue color) is higher between lags 1 and 3 and between lags 8 and 10}
\label{fig:ECG_interpr_Reg_singleplot}
\end{figure}
The AR coefficients of abnormal heartbeats are usually larger than those of normal heartbeats (\figref{fig:ECG_interpr_Reg_singleplot}). AR coefficients do not provide specific information on the relationship of the variables, i.e., AR coefficients cannot tell to which extent current and past value are correlated. Nonetheless, a high AR coefficient implies that past values have some effect on current values whereas a low AR coefficient implies a small or no effect. Hence, in the ECG200 dataset, past values from abnormal series have some effect in current values. In the contrary, in normal heartbeats there is a small or no effect of past values in current ones. As shown in~\figref{fig:ECG200dataset} normal heartbeats are more irregular or noisy than abnormal heartbeats. Therefore, for the case of normal heartbeats it is difficult to establish an effect of past values on current ones.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{./Figs/ECG200dataset2.png}
\caption{Example of ten ECG200 series. N: normal heartbeats (blue color), A: abnormal heartbeats (red color)}
\label{fig:ECG200dataset}
\end{figure}
Further, from \figref{fig:ECG_interpr_Reg_singleplot}, we can infer that the effect of past 2, 3, 8, and 9 values on current ones is much higher in abnormal heartbeats than in normal heartbeats. Although for abnormal heartbeats there are also high AR coefficients at lag 4 and 5; the iqr aggregation function considers such values as extreme or outliers, thus the interval between such lags is not considered as discriminatory.
\color{black}
\section{Conclusions and Future Work}
We proposed r-STSF, a highly efficient interval-based algorithm for time series classification. r-STSF is the only TSC method that achieves SOTA classification accuracy and allows for interpretable classifications. To achieve competitive classification accuracies, r-STSF builds an ensemble of randomized trees for classification. It uses four time series representations, nine aggregation functions, and a supervised search strategy combined with a feature ranking metric when searching for highly discriminatory sets of interval features. The discriminatory interval features enable interpretable classification results. r-STSF not only allows for interpretations in the original (time-stamped) time series, but also in the periodogram, derivative, and autoregressive representation of the time series. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets validate the accuracy and efficiency of our proposed method -- r-STSF is as accurate as SOTA TSC methods but orders of magnitude faster, enabling it to classify large datasets with long series.
Further, r-STSF outperforms SOTA TSC methods in terms of weighted average accuracy, demonstrating its robustness in classify more complex datasets.
While randomized trees have shown to improve the classification accuracy (when compared to non-randomized trees) for a large number of datasets, they are less likely to identify relevant features in datasets with a small number of relevant features as they might miss those. As future work, we plan to make r-STSF adaptive. When a dataset is expected to have a high percentage of relevant features -- estimated with techniques such as \emph{permutation importance}~\citep{louppe2013understanding} -- r-STSF trains an ensemble of randomized trees for classification. Otherwise, r-STSF uses non-randomized trees. Moreover, the intrinsic multivariate nature of time series signals (e.g., 3-axis accelerometer) leads us to extend r-STSF towards multivariate or multidimensional scenarios
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Full text of Speaker Frank Chopp’s opening day speech for the 2012 Legislative Session:
Welcome back to the People’s House!
Before I get rolling,
I’d like to introduce my wife, Nancy Long.
And my daughter, Ellie.
Just last month, Nancy and I watched Ellie
go through the graduation ceremonies
at Western Washington University.
We are so proud of her!
By the way,
Ellie just moved into a new place.
So, Eric Pettigrew and Sharon Tomiko Santos,
she’s your constituent now.
Be forewarned, she’s opinionated.
I have no idea how she got that way.
Ellie’s got a bright future.
But other people, young and old,
are not finding their pathway to opportunity.
We must re-dedicate ourselves,
as Representatives of the people,
to work for the best interests
and highest ideals of our people as we confront the most challenging economic conditions since the Great Depression.
As we begin another session,
we should keep in mind five goals!
Create jobs now!
Fund basic education!
Save the safety net!
Ensure equality!
Provide opportunity!
First, CREATE JOBS NOW!
Too many of our citizens are suffering from unemployment and underemployment, and all the problems that go with that.
We must respond!
When we faced another economic crisis ten years ago, I met together
with a representative of an airplane company and one from a Machinists Union,
who were working as partners in common purpose.
We discussed a list of seven items for the legislature to consider
to help save aerospace in Washington State.
In the 2003 session, we accomplished those seven items and added a few more.
Two years later, we corrected one of the original pieces of legislation, to make sure unemployment insurance benefits were fair for everyone.
Back then, it was not easy.
There were a lot of conflicting points of view.
Whether you thought the list was too much or too little,
in the final analysis, we got the job done.
With the great news of the 737 MAX to be built in Renton, and the historic agreement between the Company and the Union to put planes in the air, not blood in the water — the future is brighter for us all.
And we didn’t just focus on aerospace.
As part of One Washington, we developed an Ag agenda,
to help farmers and farm-workers to not just survive international challenges,
but to actually thrive in the global marketplace.
From aerospace to agriculture, and for many other accomplishments
that have improved the lives of our citizens, I am proud of this House for doing our part.
Whether our parents built planes in Everett,
grew wheat in Walla Walla, or overhauled ships in Bremerton,
we recognize that we are a state of innovation and productivity.
The people of this state make things, create things, grow things, and build things!
Right now, there is a draft proposal being circulated that would create 25,000 jobs in the construction industries.
Now…this year…putting our people to work by:
renovating schools,
building public works,
creating housing,
cleaning up the environment
and meeting a number of other needs
in concrete, tangible projects.
By the way, for those who say that government doesn’t create jobs,
let me remind you that this idea continues in the tradition of the hydropower
and irrigation projects in eastern Washington, which have provided decades of benefit to people all across our state.
When you consider this proposal, remember the veteran returning home from war and looking for a job.
Remember the young apprentice learning a skilled craft.
Remember the unemployed parent who will now bring home a paycheck.
With the House and Senate working together, with business and labor support,
we can enact this proposal.
And everyone will benefit, all across the state.
Jobs now! Let’s get it done!
Let’s also take action on proposals to increase the number of students graduating with college degrees and certificates in high demand fields like aerospace, high-tech manufacturing, health care and other industries.
Jobs now! Let’s get it done.
Our next goal: FUND BASIC EDUCATION!
Last week, the State Supreme Court issued a ruling.
They stated what we already knew about our paramount duty in the state constitution.
Even in tough times, we need to fund Basic Education, our common schools.
At the same time, the Court recognized the work the legislature had already begun to address this problem; work initiated by this House.
Based on the hard work of many, many of you, we enacted House Bill 2261 in 2009, followed by House Bill 2776 in 2010, both prime sponsored by our Majority Leader, Pat Sullivan.
These two legislative acts outlined a path forward and a time schedule to increase and reform funding of our schools. With our creation of the Quality Education Council, we have already started the journey for better funding of Basic Education.
In addition to tackling funding, we have a lot of other work to do
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number of expressions in the BNF.
The second technique is used to filter out invalid words for outputting, based on short term and long term rule dependencies. At each step, the decoder chooses one rule from the candidate short-term dependencies, and one or more rules from the candidate long-term dependencies. These rules are used for rule matching, and once the decoder identifies a matching rule it generates a mask on the dictionary to block the output of words not allowed by the rule. The short-term dependency is updated according to the current grammar state as well as the last output word from the decoder. Long-term dependencies on the other hand, are updated based on the active symbols chosen by the SQL parser, maintained in the grammar state vector.
\vspace{-2pt}
\subsection{Seq2SQL}
\vspace{-3pt}
Seq2SQL\footnote{https://github.com/salesforce/WikiSQL, last visited: 05.05.2020}~\cite{zhongSeq2SQL2017} method consists of two parts: augmented pointer generator network and main Seq2SQL model. The augmented pointer network generates the content of the SQL query token-by-token by copying from the input sequence. The input sequence $x$ is composed of the following tokens: words in the question, column names in the database tables and SQL clauses. The network encodes $x$ with two-layer bidirectional LSTM network using the embeddings of its words. Next, a pointer network~\cite{vinyals2015pointer} is applied. The decoder is a two-layer unidirectional LSTM that generates one token at each timestep using the token generated in the previous step. It produces scalar attention score for each position of the input sequence. The token with the highest score is selected as next token. The second part, Seq2SQL, is composed of three different parts: Aggregation Operation, SELECT Column and WHERE Clause.
The first part, Aggregation Operation, classifies aggregation operation of the query, if any. First, scalar attention score is computed for each token in the input sequence. The vector of scores is then normalized in order to produce a distribution over the input tokens. It is computed with a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) with cross-entropy loss. The second part, SELECT Column, points to a column in the input table. Each column name is first encoded with LSTM network such that the last encoded state of the LSTM is assumed to be representation of the specific column. With the same architecture, representation for the input question is calculated. MLP with cross-entropy loss is applied to compute score for each column conditioned on the input representation. The last part, WHERE Clause, generates the conditions for the query. For this part, reinforcement learning is applied to optimize the expected correctness of the execution result. Next token is sampled from the output distribution. When the complete query is generated, it is executed against the database. The reward is: (1) -2 if the generated query is not a valid SQL query, (2) -1 if the generated query is a valid SQL query but executes to an incorrect result, and (3) +1 if the generated query is a valid SQL query and executes to the correct result. The loss is the negative expected reward over possible WHERE clauses.
The overall model is trained using gradient descent to minimize the objective function that is the combination of the objective functions of its composing parts. However, this method does not incorporate complex SQL queries such joining tables and nested queries.
\vspace{-2pt}
\subsection{STAMP}
\vspace{-4pt}
Syntax- and Table-Aware seMantic Parser (STAMP)~\cite{sun2018semantic} is a model based on Pointer Networks~\cite{vinyals2015pointer}. It is composed of two separate bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks as encoder and decoder. An additional bidirectional RNN is used to encode the column names. The STAMP model is composed of three different channels, that are attentional neural networks: (1) SQL channel - predict SQL clause, (2) Column channel - predict column name and (3) Value channel - predict table cell. For SQL and Value channel, the input is the decoder hidden state and representation of the SQL clause. Column channel has an additional input that is the representation of the question. Feed-forward neural network is used as a switching gate for the channels.
Column-cell relation is incorporated into the model in order to improve the prediction of SELECT column and WHERE value. The representation of the column name is enhanced with cell information. The importance of a cell is measured with the number of cell words occurring in the question and then the final importance of the cell is normalized with softmax function. The vector representing the column is concatenated with weighted average of the cell vectors that belong to that column. An additional global variable to memorize the last predicted column name is added. When the switching gate selects the Value channel, the
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from regular cold exposure and many have had help for insomnia. Research results confirm these health benefits.
ce swimming is a traditional way of improving the bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s defense system. Many Finns are convinced that swimming in icy water can conquer seasonal flu through regular cold exposure. Research results support this idea, although it is impossible to draw conclusions based on these experiences. However, it is true: cold exposure does improve resistance.
cold exposure also increases resistance to cold, improves stress tolerance and increases the pain threshold. Cold exposure should be implemented gradually, each individual at his own pace. On the first try, cold exposure, like a dip in freezing water, can cause an unpleasant reaction where breathing is uneven and heart rate escalates. However, when the cold exposure is repeated, the shock reaction will deteriorate or disappear altogether. -The cold exposure is always about getting used to the cold and it may be very individual. Only regular cold treatments have tested health effects, although even one swim in icy water is already a very refreshing experience, says docent Pirkko Huttunen, who has studied cold exposure.
First to the sauna, then to the icy water The Finnish sauna culture includes cooling off in between going into the sauna. Also, many who go ice swimming like to head to the heat of a sauna afterwards. Does cold exposure and sauna bathing together have proven effects on health? -That has not been studied yet, but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a very enjoyable habit anyway. Everyone can judge for themselves if the combination of cold and hot is the best for them. I personally recommend that after cold treatment, no more going to sauna, so that the health benefits of the cold would be realized. This also reduces sweating afterwards, says Pirkko Huttunen.
How is cold productized? Introducing Ice Swimming Shower A Finnish innovation, Amandan® cold therapy device enables a yearround, pleasant cold exposure. -The device is attached to a normal shower and it generates a water spray that cools the skin comfortably. The device has been clinically tested and has received a very good reception, says Panu Vapaavalta, the CEO of Amandan Healthcare Oy.
Amandan can be installed in your own bathroom and it allows for a daily cold exposure. Not many people can go ice swimming even in the wintertime and the health effects of cold exposure are only achieved through regular use. The internationally patented Ice Swimming Shower is made mainly of acid-resistant and stainless steel. Amandan® is designed by Harri Koskinen and docent Pirkko Huttunen has been responsible for the research work. For more information, visit: www.amandan.fi.
-Research confirm many HEALTH BENEFITS Going to sauna has significant effects on cardiovascular health and reducing stress. This has been scientifically proved by the research of cardiologist Jari Laukkanen, published in the University of Eastern Finland. Even if you miss your workout on some days, you don’t want to skip going to the sauna, because it has partially the same health effects as light exercise. However, the best results are gained with combining sauna and a sporty lifestyle. Laukkanen is one of the speakers of World Sauna Forum in September, an international event organized by Sauna from Finland in Jyväskylä. His speech focuses on the new research results regarding the connection of sauna and cardiovascular health.
hat is it that happens in the human body and the cardiovascular system when going to sauna?
– There are many changes that happen in the body because of the heat: the temperature rises, blood circulation is stimulated and the blood vessels expand, and the heart is working more efficiently. Blood vessels also expand and become more elastic. In the sauna, blood circulation is directed towards the skin because of thermoregulation and the skin sweats. Sauna burdens the circulatory system, just like physical stress does, says Laukkanen.
So, going to the sauna is healthy similar to exercising, right?
positively to many things such as cerebral health.
– Yes, but the same rules apply: it must be repeated often enough in order to gain positive results. Our study revealed that for those who went to the sauna 4 – 7 times a week, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases was reduced by up to 63 %.
related illnesses are killing more and more people. Could sauna be the solution?
impact on heart and circulatory Laukkanen is looking forward for organs has the most significance to the first World Sauna Forum in public health, Laukkanen states. September.
– Going to sauna is definitely one of the things that have positive effects. It treats the heart, reduces stress and improves sleep quality. Sauna bathing supports your wellbeing, but in addition, you need plenty of exercise, good nutrition and sleep, notes Laukkanen.
Often the tone of health education
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nuclear membrane and swelling of nervous fibres innervating TBs. /* 300x250, created 25/10/09 */ Ivan Pavlov, the famous physiologist and Nobel prize winner, regarded the taste system as a peculiar and strong barrier (der Schlagbaum) between surroundings and the internal environment of an organism. It should be noted that olfactory responses of euryhaline and migratory fishes like salmonids are also independent of large differences in salt concentrations between fresh and sea water (Shoji et al., 1994, 1996). Feeding suppression and anorexia are typical for fishes inhabiting waters contaminated with heavy metals and many other pollutants (Bryan et al., 1995; Buckler et al., 1995; Kasumyan, 2001). Enhanced load on the organism caused by a new osmotic environment may cause fish mortality (Schofield & Nico, 2009; Susanto & Peterson, 1996). Light and dark gustatory cells, which are supposed to be receptor cells (Reutter, 1971; Boudriot & Reutter, 2001), together with elongated supporting cells make up the bulk of the TBs (Figure 1). The effect of water temperature on taste preferences in fishes was examined by an experiment performed on stellate sturgeon Аcipenser stellatus Pallas 1771 juveniles. Histomorphological changes in some organs of the brown bullhead, Predation by the three‐spined stickleback (, Mercury and cadmium induced structural alterations in the taste buds of the fish, Ultrastructure of the taste buds in the blind cave fish, The sensory biology of the living jawless fishes, Schreiner organs: a new craniate chemosensory modality in hagfishes, The effect of short duration seawater exposure on plasma ion concentrations and swimming performance in coho salmon (, Energetic responses of salmon to temperature. The high value of Spearman rank correlation between amino‐acid taste preferences confirmed the similarity in the taste preferences in conspecifics maintained in waters with different salinity (Figure 8; Mikhailova & Kasumyan, 2010). Sharks in the state of the so‐called feeding frenzy often grasp and swallow non‐prey items that are not appropriate for feeding and threaten their health (Hart & Collin, 2015; Tester, 1963). Moreover, if the ration is insufficient, fishes may consume food with aversive taste which may be harmful. He got 52 replies, with other victims coming forward. Oral and pre-absorptive sensing of amino acids relates to hypothalamic control of food intake in rainbow trout. At a concentration of 1 μM, the strongest effect was induced by Hg2+; Cu2+ was somewhat less effective and the lowest effects were produced by Cd2+, Pb2+and Zn2+ (Figure 13; Kasumyan & Morsi, 1998). The above facts indicate obvious shifts in the taste system and taste preferences occurring in starved fishes. Preparing of the manuscript was done in frame of Lomonosov Moscow State University project “Noah's Ark”. But a stout fly rod, preferably a 8-9wt or higher would be required to stop this powerful fish in its tracks! An advanced stage of degeneration with pycnotic cells was found in TBs of I. nebulosus after 40 days exposure to 4.7 μM Cu2+ (Benedetti et al., 1989). Are modified local epithelia cells ( Jakubowski & Whitear, 1990 ) to heavy‐metal salt solution provided a and. With plain taste by interaction and integration of sensory information flow cells per TB can reach up to 100–150 has. Sorting food from stones: the vagal taste system can not necessarily be predicted fish... Slight and gradual decrease in the form of pictures and articles are more than 1,000,000 in composition of fish geeft! Protective response, 1974 ) funding information: this work was supported Russian. Of histological damage lagged behind the functional characteristics of the H+/CO2 detecting system and can! Thymallus Thymallus ( L. 1758 ) fingerlings have indicated a serious effect of water temperature TBs under the action several. Looking fish, blue gourami Trichopodus trichopterus, distinguishes the taste system is able to compensate for loss one... Universal and a potent adaptation cm ) has shown that taste preferences occurring in starved fishes our remote access,... Dermal papilla ( DP ) rs = 0.9
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priors like DCP~\cite{he2010single} or UDCP~\cite{7426236} to approximate $t_\mathbf \lambda(\mathbf x)$ and estimate coarse scene depth $d(\mathbf x)$. Since red wavelength suffers more aggressive attenuation underwater, techniques such as underwater light attenuation prior (ULAP)~\cite{song2018rapid} and red-channel compensation~\cite{galdran2015automatic} can exploit the R channel values to further refine the depth prediction. As illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:rmg_space}, the relative differences between \{R\} and \{G, B\} channel values encode useful depth information for a given pixel. In this paper, we exploit these inherent relationships and demonstrate that R\textbf{M}I$\equiv$\{R, \textbf{M}$=$$max$\{G,B\}, I (intensity)\} is a significantly better input space for visual learning pipelines of underwater monocular depth estimation models.
\vspace{-0.5mm}
\subsection{Network Architecture: UDepth Model}
As illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:udepth_arch}, the network architecture of UDepth model consists of three major components: a MobileNetV2-based encoder-decoder backbone, a transformer-based refinement module (mViT), and a convolutional regressor. These components are tied sequentially for the supervised learning of monocular depth estimation.
\subsubsection{\textbf{MobileNetV2 backbone}} We use an encoder-decoder backbone based on MobileNetV2~\cite{sandler2018mobilenetv2} as it is highly efficient and designed for resource-constrained platforms. It is considerably faster than other SOTA alternatives with only a slight compromise in performance, which makes it feasible for robot deployments. It is based on an \textit{inverted residual} structure with residual connections between \textit{bottleneck} layers~\cite{sandler2018mobilenetv2}. The intermediate expansion layers use lightweight depthwise convolutions to filter features as a source of non-linearity. The encoder contains a series of fully convolution layers with $32$ filters, followed by a total of $19$ residual bottleneck layers. We adapt the last convolutional layer of decoder so that it finally generates $48$ filters of $320\times 480$ resolution, given a 3-channel R\textbf{M}I input.
\subsubsection{\textbf{mViT refinement}}
Transformers can perform global statistical analysis on images, solving the problem that traditional convolution models can only handle pixel-level information~\cite{dosovitskiy2020image}. Due to the heavy computational cost of Vision Transformers (ViT), we adopt a lighter mViT architecture inspired by~\cite{bhat2021adabins}. The $48$ filters extracted by the backbone are $1\times1$ convolved and flattened to patch embeddings, which serve as inputs to the mViT encoder. Those are also fed to a $3\times3$ convolutional layer for spatial refinements. The $1 \times 1$ convolutional kernels are subsequently exploited to compute the range-attention maps $\mathbf R$, which combines adaptive global information with local pixel-level information from CNN. The other embedding is propagated to a multilayer perceptron head with ReLU activation to obtain a $80$-dimensional \textit{bin-width} feature vector $\mathbf f_b$.
\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{imgs/model.pdf}
\vspace{-3mm}
\caption{The end-to-end learning pipeline of our proposed UDepth model is shown. Raw RGB images are first pre-processed to map into R\textbf{M}I input space, then forwarded to the MobileNetV2 backbone for feature extraction. Those features are refined by a transformer-based optimizer (mViT), followed by a convolutional regressor to generate the single channel depth prediction. The learning objective involving pixel-wise losses and a domain projection loss is formulated in Eq.~\ref{obj_fun}.}
\label{fig:udepth_arch}
\vspace{-5mm}
\end{figure*}
\subsubsection{\textbf{Convolutional regression}}
Finally, the convolutional regression module combines the range-attention maps $\mathbf R$ and features $\mathbf f_b$ to generate the final feature map $\mathbf f$. To avoid discretization of depth values, the final prediction of depth map $\mathbf D$ is computed by the linear combination of bin-width centers ($\bar{\mathbf f_{b}}$), which is given by: $\hat{d
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Need additional information about specific ESD products? Visit our Staticworx product site.
All materials are made of atoms. In their normal state, atoms are electrically neutral, meaning they have an equal number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons.
Whenever two materials with different electrical characteristics rub together, or come into frictional contact—you drag a plastic comb through your hair, pet your cat, or walk across a floor—their surface molecules interact, forming an electrical bond.
Separating the materials creates friction. This frictional force pulls electrons away from one material and deposits them on the other, creating an electrical imbalance in both materials.
The material that lost electrons becomes positively charged. The material that gained electrons is left with a negative charge.
The technical term for this phenomenon is tribo-electrictrification, commonly known as static electricity.
Why is Static Electricity a Problem?
When we think of static in our everyday lives, most of us think nuisance—static cling, particle attraction, irritating static shocks. To perceive these common effects of static electricity—to feel a static shock—the discharge must be at least 3500 volts. Though we may not enjoy feeling a 3.5 kV shock, it’s no big deal—to us.
Electronic components built or assembled in electronics manufacturing plants, circuit boards, hand-held electronic devices, headsets, and sophisticated computer equipment typically used in labs, hospitals, server rooms, FAA flight towers, 9-1-1 dispatch operations, mission-critical call centers—even in theaters and casinos—contain microelectronic parts that are highly sensitive to minute changes in electrical current.
So sensitive, in fact, that they can be damaged—and data compromised, if not lost or destroyed—by a static discharge as low as 20 volts. Well below the human threshold for perception.
We’ve all, at one time or another, been slowed down, laid-up, or knocked out by a cold. A static discharge of 20 volts is about as perceptible as breathing the germs that cause the common cold. We don’t know they are there—until……….
When we walk on certain floors, the friction between the soles of our shoes and the floor generates a static charge.* This static charge stays in place, on the surface of our body, until we touch something, then it jumps or discharges to that person or object.
This release of electricity is called an electrostatic discharge, or ESD. When static discharges to a static-sensitive electronic component, the sudden rush of electrical current can damage or destroy its internal circuitry.
When people walk, the friction (or contact and separation) between the soles of their shoes and the floor generates static electricity.
* The voltage and polarity of a static charge is determined by various factors, including the force of friction, triboelectric properties of the materials, relative humidity, etc.
In most workplace environments, the static generated when people walk is the biggest contributor to random ESD events (or problems caused by electrostatic discharge). For this reason, a static-protective floor—or an ESD floor/footwear combination—is the cornerstone of any effective static-control program.
How Does Static-Control Flooring Work?
Inhibits static generation, meaning the floor prevents static from building on people as they walk.
Note: Grounding and conductivity differ from static generation. A grounded/conductive floor can still generate static charges.
Understanding and adhering to these basic requirements is anything but simple.
Some so-called “antistatic” floors do not provide a path to ground.
Commercial 3.5 kV carpet, called antistatic or computer-grade carpet, will generate charges no higher than 3500 volts. This type of carpet gets its antistatic properties from topically-applied sprays or special fiber chemistry buried inside the yarn bundles.
Low kV carpet fibers do not make electrical contact with shoe soles, so the carpet cannot dissipate static charges, and cannot be grounded. Low kV floors merely reduce the amount of static that occurs when shoe soles contact the surface of the carpet.
Designed to prevent nuisance static and nothing more, 3kV antistatic carpet is good only for reducing the ouch when people touch metal objects like a doorknob. A 3.5 kV floor is neither intended nor warranted for reducing charges to the minute thresholds necessary to protect ultra-sensitive electronics.
Some very good static-control floors generate charges.
Many perfectly good static-protective floors fail to meet the second requirement: preventing charge generation.
Low charge-generating materials do not generate static when people walk on the floor.
The carbon particles embedded in conductive vinyl tile, for instance, are distributed across the surface and through the thickness of each tile, creating an electrical pathway to ground.
However, whether or not it has conductive veins on its surface, vinyl is not a low charge-generating material. To prevent static, conductive vinyl must be used in combination with special static-protective footwear; otherwise, when people walk, a conductive (or
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In a rather bold statement, French foreign minister Jean-Yves Le Drian, said Britain and the EU 'will rip each other apart' in trade talks as UK PM Johnson continues to seek out a comprehensive trade deal with the EU by the end of the year. For full insights, visit the Guardian. It’s well known the upcoming challenges that the UK will face in trade negotiations.
The UK draws its own red line: The UK’s Brexit negotiator David Frost said Britain will not sign up to follow EU standards because it would defeat the point of Brexit, saying that’s where they draw a red line in negotiations for future trading relationships. Kingdom FX has the full story. “We must have the ability to set laws that suit us. It isn’t a simple negotiating position which might move under pressure — it is the point of the whole project”, the UK's chief negotiator said.
Apple downgrades guidance: In a sign of the difficulties to keep up growth amid the COVID-19 phenomenon, Apple said it does “not expect to meet the revenue guidance provided for the March quarter” due to coronavirus related issues, with constrained iPhone supply and suppressed demand in China. CNBC carries the news.
German, UK data eyed: The German ZEW and UK employment figures will be the main events today. In the case of the German data, the market is paying close attention on whether COVID-19 is impacting investor sentiment. The consensus looks for a significant fall in expectations. Meanwhile, the UK labour market is expected to print solid figures.
The EUR index presents no meaningful changes in the last 24h given the US holidays. The index remains en-route to target its next 100% measured movement in line with its bearish cycle. There is no technical evidence of appetite to hold EUR long inventory just yet as sellers have cemented their grip in anticipation of a more dovish ECB as China’s COVID takes its toll on German and global growth. My core view, thus remains that this is a market exploitable through sell-side action on retracements at regular intervals in line with technicals.
The GBP index was the weakest currency on Monday, even if price structure still supports the notion of an eventual targeting of the previous swing high, backed up by the smart money tracker and a break of structure. Opposite to what we are seeing in the Euro, this is a market that has seen the order flow shift to support buy on dips. The upside, I must say, is rather limited until confronted with the next resistance level or decision point.
The USD index remains a market best suited to buy on dips, a trade premise that is in alignment with both the price structure and the momentum via the smart money tracker. The USD remains the top performing currency in this new decade. At the risk of sounding like a broken record, I will reiterate that this is a market where, from an intermarket perspective, has proven immune to the risk profile at play, with buying unabated regardless of risk on or risk off in the markets. Technically, there is further room to exploit to the upside until the next key level of resistance.
The CAD index keeps building on top of its recent gains by finding further follow through above a key swing high that got breached last Friday. Even if the volume this break carries is suspiciously low, the preponderance of evidence through the market structure and the momentum as gauged by the smart money tracker, do support the bullish bias. Therefore, the analysis of these aggregated flows into the Canadian Dollar make me think that until proven wrong through technicals, this market has ‘buy on dips’ written all over the wall. Remember, the CAD is one of the prefered bets to get paid relatively high yields (carries a positive swap).
The JPY index has seen complete inaction in the last 24h of trading. As it’s well known in the forex market, the currency does not tend to be jolted by local data, hence despite the bad miss in Japan’s GDP for Q4, the currency has remained in a boring tight range. The market profile that best defines this market for now is range-bound until there is a resolution. The overall macro bias remains rather positive as the market consolidates above the previous broken swing high with the smart money tracker still pointing mildly to the upside for now.
The AUD index is another market in which we will have to wait for further action if we want to distill new insights of technical information. For now, everything that I wrote in yesterday’s analysis remains true given the dullness of price fluctuations. The sticky resistance line overhead disallows further gains for now, and as a red flag, the aggregated tick volume on the second retest into this resistance has carried very low volumes, which translates in a rather negative read as a gauge to measure the commitment from buyers to break this tough technical level. The price structure of lower lows and lower highs continues to be in place, so even if the slope of the smart money tracker has turned bullish, it does not yet vindicate the bullish bias.
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trust fund for today's kids. It's called "the Social Security trust fund."
It just does not have any money.
The interesting thing about people is that they get older; today's children are tomorrow's old people. Bush isn't proposing cutting benefits on today's old people to give money to today's children. He's proposing cutting benefits on tomorrow's old people (i.e., today's kids) in order to give more money to today's rich people.
That is total stupidity. The 30% is going to personal accounts for either tomorrow's old people to have when they retire, whether or not Social Security is still around.
You can find a full diagnosis of the Kotlikoff Syndrome, which appears to have infected Miller, back on Talking Points Memo during my guest-blogging days. The thing Miller is supporting doesn't do what he seems to think it does.
CNN reported Federal agents arrested a man on Monday, charging him with possessing and selling more than 1,300 counterfeit badges representing 35 law enforcement agencies, the U.S. Immigrations and Customs Enforcement agency said. The counterfeits are "very, very good," said Special Agent in Charge Martin Ficke, who added that nine out of 10 would "pass scrutiny."
The phony badges mimic real badges from agencies such as the FBI, U.S. Marshals, Customs, Drug Enforcement Agency, Treasury and New York Police Department, Ficke said. Some even had a signature from the company that makes the real badges. "For someone to have that in their possession and utilize it to identify themselves as law enforcement could be devastating to security, particularly homeland security," Ficke said. Officials said the badges were shipped from Taiwan to San Francisco, California, and were discovered by a customs agent who then contacted Immigrations and Customs Enforcement agency officials in New York.
The NY Times issued a press release that claims a massive 342% annual increase in RSS click-throughs. RSS-generated click-throughs totalled 5.9m pageviews in March, representing a 39% increase from February's 4.3 million, the press release said, noting that the Washington and Business feeds were most popular. The Times offers a variety of RSS feeds - one of the first major newspapers to do so. They publish excerpted RSS feeds, so users have to click through to view the whole story.
Hat tip to Scobleizer for pointing out how useful ION RSS can be.
If it does come to a vote, I asked Senator Frist to allow his Republican colleagues to follow their consciences. Senator Specter recently said that Senators should be bound by Senate loyalty rather than party loyalty on a question of this magnitude.
I've got news for a RINO like Senator Specter, the Senate does not elect Senators. They are elected by the people, and that is who they owe their loyalty to, and after that, they owe their loyalty to their party.
But right wing activists are threatening primary challenges against Republicans who vote against the nuclear option.
And they should. If they are not going to support their party, we need to get Senators in that will.
Senators should not face this or any other form of retribution based on their support for the Constitution. In return, I pledge that I will place no such pressure on Democratic Senators and I urge Senator Frist to refrain from placing such pressure on Republican Senators.
USATODAY reports Its subscription business in decline, America Online is launching yet another product on the open Web: a free, ad-supported e-mail service tied to its instant-messaging platform. Users of AOL Instant Messenger will be able to send and receive mail with "aim.com" addresses using their existing AIM screen names. Initially, users will need the latest version of AIM software, available as a "beta" test download for Windows computers beginning Wednesday. Ultimately, they'll be able to send and receive mail from any Web browser. Each account comes with 2 gigabytes of storage — comparable with Google's Gmail and more generous than the free offerings from Yahoo and Microsoft 's Hotmail and even AOL's flagship subscription service.
Personally I think I would go with GMail (if and whenever it comes out of beta), because I do not like the security problems associated with Instant Messengers.
And unlike AOL's main accounts, which keep new messages for 27 days and messages already read for up to a week unless users actively save them, AIM mail never expires. AIM mail will also incorporate a few features unique to AOL until now: The ability to check whether AOL and AIM recipients have opened a message and to delete an unopened message from the recipients' inbox (This won't work with e-mail sent to users of other services).
The Web-based interface will also have drag-and-drop capabilities, allowing users to sort mail without having to check multiple boxes and hit a "move" button.
"It's not clear what the demand is for yet another free e-mail product, but this is certainly a very competitive offering," Jupiter Research
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: microbiological contamination (at least Salmonella, Enterobacteriaceae, total yeasts and filamentous fungi, Bacillus cereus for bacilli) and depending on the fermentation media and excipients, mycotoxins, 6 lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic; • for fermentation products (not containing microorganisms as active agents): in addition to the above, the extent to which spent growth medium is incorporated into the final product should also be indicated. For products consisting of or produced by Gram-negative bacteria, levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) should be analysed in the final product. If the production strain is known to be able to produce toxic compounds, the analysis should cover such compounds (see Guidance on the characterisation of microorganisms used as feed additives or as production organisms 7 ); • for plant-derived substances: microbiological and botanical contamination, mycotoxins, dioxins and the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, 8 lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic; • for animal-derived substances: microbiological contamination, lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic; • for mineral substances, including compounds of trace elements: lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic and fluorine, dioxins and the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs; • for products produced by chemical synthesis and processes: all chemicals used in the synthetic processes and any intermediate products remaining in the final product shall be identified and their concentrations given.
Physical state of each form of the product
For liquid additives, data on vapour pressure, viscosity, specific weight and, where the additive is intended to be used in water, (pH dependent) solubility or dispersibility should be provided.
For solid additives, data on density, bulk density and dusting potential should be provided for each formulation. For applications covering multiple sources of the additive, these data should cover a representative range of the materials under application.
Dusting potential should be measured (at least three batches) following recognised methods, e.g. rotating drum (Stauber-Heubach, DIN 55992, EN 15051) or continuous drop methods (EN 15051), and expressed in mg/m 3 air. When an occupational exposure limit is set or where there is a known or suspected toxicity after inhalatory exposure, the concentration of the active substance in the dust and particle size distribution of the dust should be measured, preferably by laser diffraction (ISO 13320:2009), means or medians should be expressed in relation to volume, to allow an exposure estimation to be made.
If the nature of the additive allows the possibility of the presence of nanoparticles, initially a particle size analysis of the additive by laser diffraction should be made. If the particle size analysis of the additive indicates that more than 1% of particles below 1 lm are present, this fraction should be further characterised by scanning electronic microscopy (wet method). Results should be expressed as a proportion of total number of particles. It should be clearly indicated if the product is a nanomaterial as defined by European legislation. 9
Description
A qualitative description of the active substance or agent should be given. This should include purity and origin of the substance or agent, plus any other relevant characteristics.
Data to establish the identity of the active substance(s)/agent(s) should be provided using analytical methods with adequate characteristics of selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision.
An overview of the natural occurrence of the active substance(s) in materials used as feed/food should be provided.
Chemical substances
Chemically defined substances should be described by generic name, chemical name according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature, other generic international names and abbreviations and the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number and the European Inventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances number (EINECS), European Community number and European Enzyme Commission number if available. The structural and molecular formula, the openSMILES notation and the molecular weight must be included. Where relevant, the isomeric forms should be given. Information on structurally related substances should be included, when appropriate.
For chemically defined compounds used as flavourings, the EU Flavour Information System (FLAVIS) number in connection with relevant chemical group should be included.
For additives of plant origin, the characterisation should include the scientific name of the plant of origin and its botanical classification (family, genus, species, if appropriate subspecies). The parts of the plant used to obtain the active substance(s) (e.g. leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, tubers, roots) should be indicated. The identification criteria and other relevant aspects of the plants should be indicated. For complex mixtures of many compounds obtained by an extraction process, it is recommended to follow the relevant terminology such
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dispatches to improve the efficiency of the entire energy system. In addition, consumers can also play an active role in the \gls{DHC} system, providing demand flexibility in response to dynamic tariffs, thereby improving market competition \cite{Dominkovic2018,Li2019,Djorup2020,Bhattacharya2016}.
\gls{DHC} markets inspired by the electricity sector, applying conventional market designs and approaches, are growing \cite{Pazeraite2013,Gulzar2015}. An example of a running \gls{DHC} market is the Open District Heating project \cite{opendistrict}, operating at Stockholm's \gls{DHN}, which encourages industrial businesses to sell their excess heat to the \gls{DHN} at a uniform price cleared in the proposed day-ahead heating market.
In addition, innovative market ideas to increase competitiveness in the \gls{DHN} are emerging in the literature \cite{Li2015,Moshkin2016, Valeriy2019}. One of them is the adaption of the sharing economy principle to industries and small-scale production units to supply surplus heat to the \gls{DHN} \cite{Marinova2008,Karlsson2009}. In this regard, different consumer-centric market designs, adapted from the power system, are expected to be replicated to the \gls{DHC} system, allowing these new market participants to inject heat in the \gls{DHN} and get extra revenue.
In order to assess several options and assumptions for the best market design to apply in existing and new \glspl{DHN}, a brand new platform (EMB3Rs) is being developed \cite{embers}. This platform will empower different stakeholders (e.g., utility companies, municipalities, \gls{DHN} operators, excess heating producers, among other entities) to simulate distinct market designs that can be applied to current and future \glspl{DHN}.
In this context, this work contributes to the literature and to the EMB3Rs platform, modelling distinct market models for the negotiation of heat in \glspl{DHN} considering a competitive environment. More precisely, three distinct market designs are modelled and compared, namely, the pool-based, the peer-to-peer (P2P), and the community-based market designs. The markets are adapted from the current and future trends in electricity markets. Additionally, consumers preferences (e.g., distance, losses and $CO_2$) through product differentiation are applied to the P2P market design, enabling consumers to choose sources they prefer to be provided from. An illustrative \gls{DHN} based on Nordic countries is used to test the applicability of the proposed solution. The main contributions of the present work are fourfold:
\begin{itemize}
\item To implement, analyze and compare, different market models in the EMB3Rs platform;
\item To model new market designs for heat exchange in the \gls{DHN}, namely, the pool-based, P2P, and community-based market designs;
\item To explore competitiveness in \gls{DHC} markets, enabling industrial businesses with excess heat recovery systems to inject excess heat in the DHN;
\item To improve market options for consumers by introducing product differentiation in the P2P market design.
\end{itemize}
In addition to this introductory section, this paper is organized as follows. Section two describes the EMB3Rs platform for the simulation of different \gls{DHC} market designs. Section three presents the detailed mathematical models of the proposed market designs. Section four assesses the proposed market models considering an illustrative case of Nordic \glspl{DHN}, while section five gathers the conclusions of the study.
\section{EMB3Rs Platform for \gls{DHC} Market Simulation}
This section provides an overview of the EMB3Rs platform that will incorporate current and new market designs, adapted to the context of \gls{DHC} systems. In addition, it provides a brief review of the actual situation of the \gls{DHC} markets in the Nordic countries.
\subsection{Current \gls{DHC} Market Situation in Nordic Countries}
The current situation of \gls{DHC} markets varies on a country basis, as the deregulation of \gls{DHC} systems has been carried out in different ways \cite{climatex}. In Denmark, the \gls{DHN} is still a natural monopoly, as the network and heating plants are mostly owned by energy companies, municipalities or consumer cooperatives. The regulation dictates that the heat supply works under non-profit rules, which means that the supplier must provide heat to consumers at marginal cost
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}$$
$$A_{in}=\Pi_{vc}\,A_{ValveOrifice}$$
$$A_{in}=\frac{\Pi_{vc}\,\pi\,D_{ValveOrifice}^{2}}{4}$$
$$K_{Minor}=\left(\frac{A_{tube}}{\Pi_{vc}\,A_{ValveOrifice}}-1\right)^{2}$$
And we assume the vena contracta in the tank is the same as that in the valve.
**Third**, according to the formula of minor loss:
$$H_{MinorLoss}=\frac{K_{Minor}\,V^{2}}{2\,g}$$
We can express the out flow velocity with head loss and cross sectional area.
$$V_{out}=\frac{\Pi_{vc}\,A_{ValveOrifice}}{A_{tube}-\Pi_{vc}\,A_{ValveOrifice}}\,\left(2\,g\,H_{MinorLoss}\right)^{0.5}$$
The chemical feeding rate could also be expressed:
$$Q_{Chemical}=A_{tube}\,V_{out}$$
$$Q_{Chemical}=\frac{\Pi_{vc}\,A_{tube}\,A_{ValveOrifice}}{A_{tube}-\Pi_{vc}\,A_{ValveOrifice}}\,\left(2\,g\,H_{MinorLoss}\right)^{0.5}$$
**Fourth**, we use a equal-length lever to make the head loss inside the tank equals to the head loss of chemical dosing tube.
$$H_{WaterElevation}=H_{MinorLoss}$$
$$\frac{Q_{EntranceTank}}{A_{TankOrifice}}=\Pi_{vc}\,\left(2\,g\,H_{MinorLoss}\right)^{0.5}$$
Then, the flow rate of chemical dosage is related to the flow rate of raw water in tank.
$$Q_{Chemical}=\frac{Q_{EntranceTank}\,A_{tube}}{A_{TankOrifice}}\,\frac{A_{ValveOrifice}}{A_{tube}-\Pi_{vc}\,A_{ValveOrifice}}$$
Thus, chemical feeding rate is directly related to the flow rate in the tank. And change of orifice area can also change the chemical feeding rate.
At the beginning, we assumed that if out flow cross sectional area is far larger than in flow cross sectional area, then, we could build a linear relationship between chemical feeding rate and the orifice area in valve and this can further build a linear relationship between chemical concentration after mixing and orifice area. However, later we found this linear relationship would only works for very small orifice area and won't be applicable during the whole operation process. Thus we build a graph for the diameter of orifice in valve and the chemical concentration after mixing.
**Fifth**, in terms of the chemical concentration after mixing, we can build the equation based on mass balance:
$${C_{stock},Q_{Chemical}}={({Q_{Chemical}+Q_{EntranceTank})}C_{Mix}}$$
Based on this equation and equations above, we can derive the relationship between chemical concentration after mixing and valve orifice cross sectional area.
$$C_{Mix}=\frac{{Q_{Chemical}}{C_{Stock}}}{Q_{Chemical}+Q_{EntranceTank}}$$
$$C_{mix}=\frac{C_{Stock}{A_{tube}\,A_{ValveOrifice}}}{{A_{TankOrifice}\,\left(A_{tube}-\Pi_{vc}\,A_{ValveOrifice}\right)}+{A_{tube}\,A_{ValveOrifice}}}$$
---
## Valve and Reducer
1.Valve
Our calculation is based on the valve we picked. The producers we choose are Swagelok (https://www.swagelok.com/en) and <NAME>(http://www.gfps.com/country_US/en_US/profile/locations.html).
There are several constraints to the our valve.
**First**, to meet AguaClara standards, this valve would not require the use of electricity.
**Second**, our design's goal is to keep minor loss dominant, thus require the system to achieve a relative low flow rate, so the valve should function normally even given relatively small flow rate or fluid velocity.
**Third**, the valve should be chlorine resistant.
Major component of our chemical is sodium hypochlorite and it can hydrolysis and create hypochlorous acid. However, product infomation of valves from various producers seldom mention the chlorine resisitence, they usually offer information of resistence to sea water and hydrochloric acid. Hypochlorous acid is oxidized acid, it
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I am a third year PPE student, my interests lie in peace-building, immigration policy and diplomacy. As an aspiring diplomat, my aim is to reform the 'existing' EU migrant crisis system, as the current system is not sustainable for the climate migrant crisis coming in 2050. During my time at university I have been press and publicity in club of PEP, president of Amnesty International as well as having an internship at Amnesty international. I am currently the president of International Development Society. The ambition I have as a president is to reform the society to become a common platform for students that do not necessarily know what they want to do, but know they want to have a positive social impact on the world. We are planning various of creative, as well as informative events. The biggest event we are planning at the moment is to host the a student run networking conference where our aim is to demonstrate to students across the UK that you can do 'good' in every profession. I am therefore currently looking for speakers, if you are interested, please do get in contact!
I have spent the last 10 years working on the concept of mental fitness, as counter to the old stigmatized concept of mental health. I am hugely interested in how people can develop resilience and endurance. This has led me to studying applied psychology. My Laidlaw scholarship research project has been looking into the effects of emotion on the performance of Ultramarathon runners at distances of both 60 miles and 110 miles. This is the first sports psychology study that has attempted to measure this actually within-race rather than just pre and post race. Since suffering a nervous breakdown in 2009, and finally admitting to himself his own mental health and alcohol problems. A period of his life that is now looked upon as the positive beginning of a new chapter. Paul has gone on to build an awarding social enterprise BCT Aspire CIC, completed numerous high-profile endurance challenges and applied his learning to helping others and now supporting his academic journey as a mature student. BCT Aspire CIC has over the last decade delivered thousands of successful youth sessions and activity programmes for local children & young people on Teesside. Currently BCT Aspire delivers five youth sessions every week in Billingham including; Youth clubs, fitness sessions, music lessons, Duke of Edinburgh Awards and community events all with a voluntary team. A former talented Rugby player who represented England North at his peak, Paul’s attempt to get to grips with his problems led him to begin walking. This resulted in a 3000 miles adventure spanning the length of Europe, from the Southern Tip of Italy to the edge of the Orkney Islands, also passing through France, England & Scotland. All completed without support and relying on the human kindness of strangers. This has been followed up by running single stage ultramarathons up to 160 miles and last year completed the Wainwrights Coast to Coast completely barefoot to raise funds for his work and supporting his belief in positive thinking. Paul’s first two EBooks from the “Jumping the Cliff” series have topped the Amazon EBook charts for both Depression, Anxiety & Mental Health sections, with his next book from his six-week journey across Italy now out in paperback. Paul started his speaking career talking to pupils at a school with children who had behavioural problems, a place where Paul gained the courage to talk about his own way of trying to reset his own learnt behaviours. Since then he has given talks to a cross section of people including business people, professional sportsmen, youth groups, colleges & universities. Paul has also won numerous Business & Community Awards for his diverse range of work including; Entrepreneurs Forum Emerging Talent 2012; Evening Gazette’s Community Champion for Children & Young People 2012; Gazette Community Awards Finalist twice (Ambassador & Fundraising), Teesside Philanthropic Charity – Teesside Hero Paul is a qualified outdoor leader with BCT Aspire CIC who enjoys sharing these skills with people aiming to build confidence and also relaxing on the hills with his dog Molly and now his young son Pavel. Paul currently mixes his role as Managing Director of BCT Aspire, with speaking work, and studying applied psychology at Durham University. This also includes holding a prestigious Laidlaw scholarship for emerging global research talent, currently researching the mental approaches of endurance athletes. Furthermore, a trustee of Catalyst Stockton on Tees the VCSE infrastructure body for the area.
Londoner studying Geography, interested in Community Gardens and their wider impact in society. Interested in Urban Agriculture and Sustainable Cities. Passionate about product design, gender equality and co-founder of the Amazon Rainforest Initiative.
I am a human rights defender focusing on children's rights. I am the vice chair and empowerment and involvement officer of the Amnesty UK Children's Human Rights Network. The network is a dynamic, and change-making group of activists who campaign with children to make their rights real. My research this summer has focused on understanding how certain
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undergo subsequent diagnostic colonoscopies. If polyps are found, polypectomies will be conducted at the time of the diagnostic procedure. If advanced mucosal neoplasia is found, it will be planned for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) at a separate procedure. Advanced neoplasia is defined as adenoma with at least one of the following features: 1 cm or more in size, tubulovillous or villous components, or high-grade dysplasia, or any advanced neoplasm 1 cm or more in diameter. EMR is used increasingly frequently for minimally invasive curative resection of benign and early-stage malignant lesions (T1a) throughout the gastrointestinal tract. EMR has the advantage of managing large, sessile polyps in the outpatient setting, which is potentially cost-saving and may improve clinical outcomes in this high risk cohort (36).
All cancers identified will be staged and the participants will be referred to the colorectal surgical and oncology team, depending upon the stage of initial diagnoses. All cancer diagnoses will be reported to the Central Cancer Registry of New South Wales (located within the Cancer Institute of NSW) for all patients with CKD, and the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) for those on renal replacement therapy (CKD-dialysis and CKD-transplant). The ANZDATA registry is comprehensive database that prospectively collects information on all patients on renal replacement therapy in Australia and New Zealand since 1963. The clinical data includes records of all new cancers except for squamous and basal cell carcinomas. Notification of malignant cancers is a statutory requirement for all health-related institutions in New South Wales. The Central Cancer Registry of New South Wales contains all cancer records and the identifying information for patients diagnosed and treated with cancer within the state of New South Wales since 1972. Reference standard Clinical follow-up will be the reference standard for all participants. All participants, with or without screen positive results, will be followed clinically two years after their initial screen. To ensure adequate follow-up and accurate calculation of the screening test performance characteristics of cancer, we will compare our records with that of the Central Cancer Registry (CCR) of NSW through data linkage at 2, 5 and 7 years after the initial screens with the attempt to capture all cancer diagnoses.
Outcomes The outcomes of the study will include the following: 1. Prevalence of colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal neoplasia in patients with CKD 2. Screen positivity rate: defined as the proportion of participants with positive screens in the total screened study population 3. Test sensitivity: defined as the number of colorectal cancers and/or advanced neoplasms detected through screening divided by the total number of colorectal cancers and/or advanced neoplasms detected through screening and the total number of cancers and/or advanced neoplasms occurring within the delay in a given period (the follow-up time) after a negative screen.
4. Test specificity: defined as the number of participants with no colorectal cancers and/or advanced neoplasms within the follow-up period divided by the number of participants with no colorectal cancers and/ or advanced neoplasms after a negative screen and the number of participants without colorectal cancers and/ or advanced neoplasms after a positive screen within the follow-up period.
5. Participation rate of screening among individuals with CKD.
6. Potential harms of screening and the diagnostic colonoscopies, such as bleeding, bowel perforation and the inherent risks of peritonitis, particularly among peritoneal dialysis patients.
7. Direct healthcare costs, including individually-collected screening, diagnostic, treatment and overhead costs. Statistical analyses and sample size calculations Sensitvity and specificity of iFOBT screening for advanced colorectal neoplasia and cancer will be estimated for (i) CKD (stages 3-5) patients, (ii) dialysis patients, and (iii) transplant patients. For each estimate, the required sample size will be determined by the combined expected prevalence of advanced neoplasia and cancer, the expected sensitivity and specificity, and the required precision of the estimated maximum 90% confidence interval width. For each of the three patient groups, the sensitivity is expected to be 75% and the maximum required 90% confidence interval width is ± 10%. Therefore, 51 cases of advanced neoplasms and cancer will be required. The total sample size and the precision of the estimates of specificity (which is expected to be 90%) for each patient group will be determined by the expected prevalence for that group. In the CKD stages (3)(4)(5) group (with a one-year combined estimated prevalence of disease equals to 3.1%), a total of 1637 patients would yield 51 cases and 1586 non-cases. The maximum 90% confidence interval width for
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The Mourning of the Democracy Movement
A Hong Kong court recently sentenced Huang Zhifeng and four others to 4 to 10 months in jail for “knowingly participating in an unauthorized assembly”. However, Li Zhiying was sentenced in the same way as before. After the news was reported, all kinds of pro-democracy activists in the world frequently voiced their regret, mockery, denunciation, and mutual choking …… Unfortunately, many pro-democracy activists seem to be taking advantage of this topic to hype themselves, skillfully taking advantage of the online platform to collect a wave of popularity and bounty, but few of them have taken the opportunity to analyze countermeasures and make substantive action plans.
There are many different factions of the democracy movement all over the world. I thought this was the “spring of the democracy movement”, but the reality is that various factions of the democracy movement are of different quality, competing for power and profit, and there are numerous phenomena such as factions pinching each other and fraudulent donations, which makes me think deeply ……
What exactly is the real democracy movement? What kind of pro-democracy leader do we really need?
The author is used to seeking the answer by elimination — that one true lotus flower.
The true democracy activists will certainly not despicable and shameless person. “How can one expect more from a person whose virtue is untenable?For example, Wang Dan, who initially lived in exile in the United States, taught in Taiwan’s colleges and universities based on his “democracy movement experience” after 2009. During the period, Wang Dan did several stupid things. One of them was to openly support Chen Weiting, the leader of the Sunflower student movement who was involved in the harassment scandal, by saying that “not being horny is a character flaw””, so that everyone can see his moral defects. At the same time, his evaluation in Taiwan is polarized, and he deliberately creates news that makes people extremely uncomfortable, and ultimately cannot escape the fate of being marginalized.
The true democracy activists are certainly not be those of pleasure and profit. For some time after the June 4 Incident, France was a gathering place for the democracy movement. Then, because of the amount of money funded by the United States, many people went from France to the United States. Of course, having more support is not a bad thing, but there are many people who lost their way when they smelled money.
For example, the senior lie master and “Internet celebrity” Guo Wengui, this person is an extreme belief in personal interests, from China to the United States, stepping on the trust of many people to the champagne yacht, drunkenness and gold now, Trump and Bannon and even the United States have been his creation of the “ COVID-19 virus man-made theory “. He has caused the social problem of hatred against Asian race in the United States . However, today there are still many “ faithful fans” who regard him as the future of the democracy movement, donating money and goods to him, and give everything they have. It is really sad!
The true democracy activists are certainly not brainless and narrow-minded stream. The current democracy movement is already experiencing serious “involution”, and most of them don’t even know it. Why? This is because most countries’ financial support for pro-democracy groups is based on the size of their organizations and the people in power, resulting in many democracy groups pursuing their interests around power and finance, and constantly carrying out even unplanned “anti-China” activities, just to enrich their own financial leverage to claim credit from governments. In fact, the total funding from various countries is planned annually and will not change, except that various democracy groups are constantly competing for numbers and activities in a vicious competition, lacking independent strategic thinking and direction control, and ultimately losing out to the democracy movement while gaining greater benefits from governments.
In such a brainless competition, how many democracy groups are capable of self-contemplation and independent thinking? The democracy movement is not a “pawn” or “cannon fodder”, it should have its own thinking, otherwise it will be manipulated by governments to destruction. The problem is that many groups are so brainless that they even slander each other and eventually go to die. Look at the news on Huang Zhifeng and others, the person is some ability, but since childhood has been targeted by the United States as an “agent”, and blindly forward for the United States funding and recognition, and now to the “edge of the cliff” he is too late and is destined to become an “outcast”, moreover, he has harmed a large group of enthusiastic fighters who followed him.
The true democracy activists are certainly not the “behind-the-scenes shouters”. Such people are also not capable of taking on a big job, but are even more repulsive. They hide behind the scenes to make plans and network incitement, letting people go to the front line as “cannon fodder”, but they lie at home and take advantage of the
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of large friction regime. We have tried several different ζ in different regime. The same behavior can be observed. When T > 0.4, the MFPT is the increasing function of the ensemble temperature. The reason behind is that the potential barrier height monotonically increases with the temperature. When T > 0.4, the potential barrier is relatively larger than k B T . In this case, the kinetic time is mainly determined by the factor e βW giving a combined effect at temperature and barrier. When T → T min , the MFPT is divergent. This is caused by W → 0 in Eq.(4.5) and ω l → 0 in Eq.(4.4) when T → T min . This reflects that the wrong application of the analytical results, because the analytical results are valid only under the condition of W/k B T 1. In principle, the MFPT should approach zero when the potential barrier approaches zero. The accurate results should invoke the numerical computation of the MFPT by solving the generalized Langevin equation. This is out of the scope of the present work.
Dynamics of RNAdS black hole phase transition
For the RNAdS black hole phase transition, the similar expression for the transition rate or the MFPT from the large black hole state to the small black hole state can be obtained by replacing W as the barrier height between the large black hole state and the intermediate black hole state. This result coincides with that obtained from the Markovian dynamics. However, one should note that this analytical result of the transition rate is only valid when the barrier height between the small black hole state and the intermediate black hole state is much bigger than k B T .
In Figure 5, we plot the MFPTs of the small/large RNAdS black hole phase transition for the delta friction. The temperature is selected to be the phase transition temperature, where on the free energy landscape, the depths of the left and right wells are equal. At this specific temperature, the ratio of the barrier height W and k B T is W/k B T = 3.23, which is larger than unity. The condition that the analytical results applies is satisfied.
In this plot, we consider the two different phase transition processes, i.e., the process from the small black hole to the large black hole and its inverse process. The numerical results are plotted in solid line and dotted line respectively. As expected, there are turnover point in the kinetics of the two processes. The reason has been explained in the last section. Another observation is that when ζ is small, the MFPTs for the two processes are equal, while for large ζ, the MFPTs for the two processes have the same slopes. The reason is that Eq.(4.5), which is dominant in the small ζ regime, is independent of the shape of the free energy landscape and only determined by the barrier height. When the temperature is selected to be the phase transition temperature, the barrier heights for the two phase transition processes are equal. Therefore, in the small ζ regime, the MFPTs are the same.
In the large friction regime, the MFPTs for the two phase transition processes differ by the prefactor ω s or ω l . Therefore, their dependencies on the friction are the same and the MFPTs only differ a constant factor determined by the ratio of ω s /ω l .
In Figure 6, we plot the MFPT of the RNAdS black hole phase transition as a function of the ensemble temperature for the delta friction. In this plot, ζ is selected to be 1. According to the discussion of Figure 5, this ζ is also in the range of large friction regime. The plots for different values of ζ in different damping regime show the same behavior. Therefore, we have plotted the case of ζ = 1 as a representative example. The solid line is for the transition process from the small black hole to the large one, and the dotted line is for the inverse process. As noted previously, the analytical results are only valid when W/k B T 1. Therefore, the solid line's plot of the MFPT at the high temperature and the dotted line's plot of the MFPT at the low temperature do not reflect the real behavior because of the low potential barrier on the free energy landscape. In the following discussion, we will ignore theses parts in the plots. For the phase transition from the small black hole to the large, it is shown that the MFPT is a decreasing function of the ensemble temperature. On the other hand, for the phase transition process from the large black hole to the small one, the MFPT is the increasing function of the ensemble temperature. This behavior is mainly caused by the behavior of the barrier heights on the free energy landscape. When increasing the temperature, the barrier height between the small black hole and the intermediate black hole decreases giving rise to faster kinetic phase transition rate while the barrier height between the large black
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TWI and its computer model [7].
It is not feasible to generate an entire new data base and train a new network after each system calibration when using deep networks. Nonetheless, the ultimate goal is to apply the trained deep network to real-world data. To this aim, we propose a hybrid method that trains the selected U-Net on data generated under perfect system conditions but also generalizes well to non-perfect systems by evaluating data derived through the conventional calibration method. A workflow chart of the hybrid method is shown in Figure 6.
Results
The following results are all based on simulated data. As mentioned above, two different design topographies are considered as mentioned above: an asphere and a multi-spherical freeform artefact. First, the results of data acquired from a perfect system environment are presented. The networks which were trained for the design topography of an asphere and a multi-spherical freeform artefact are addressed, respectively. Next, additional strategies which could improve the models are discussed as well. Finally, the application of the hybrid method which was developed is presented in a non-perfect system environment.
The topographies have a circle as the base area. Since the required input and output of the network are images, the area outside of the circle shape is defined with zeros which the network learns to predict. Nonetheless, only the difference topography pixels inside the circle shape are considered in the presented results.
Perfect system
About 2200 samples were used for testing. They were not included in the training. First, the multi-spherical freeform artefact was considered as the design topography. Three randomly chosen prediction examples are shown in Figure 7. The root mean squared error of the U-Net predictions on the test set is 33 nm. For comparison, the difference topographies in the test set have a total root mean squared deviation of 559 nm. The median of the absolute errors of the U-Net is about 18 nm, while the median of total absolute deviations in the test set is 428 nm.
For the asphere as the design topography the root mean squared error is 102 nm, while the test set has a root mean squared deviation of 589 nm. The median of the absolute errors of the U-Net is 52 nm and the median absolute deviation of the test set is 451 nm for comparison. One possible explanation for the discrepancy in the accuracy of the predictions between the network for the asphere and multi-spherical freeform artefact as the design topographies is the following. The input of the respective U-Nets and their resulting architecture vary widely. As mentioned above, the network concerning the asphere has four input channels. These can be seen in Figure 3. In each channel, various different areas are illuminated at the CCD, resulting in a distribution of information into However, the results for the asphere can be improved further. One way to do so is to increase the amount of training data (cf. Fig. 8). As the input has four channels for the asphere, it seems natural that more data is needed for training than for the multi-spherical freeform artefact. A second approach is to use a network ensemble [29] rather than a single trained network. To this end, 15 U-Nets were trained from scratch and the ensemble output was taken as the mean of the ensemble predictions. The results are shown in Figure 8. In this way, the accuracy was already improved to a root mean squared error of 80 nm using an ensemble of 15 U-Nets, each trained from scratch on almost 28.000 data points. It should be noted that a further improvement seems possible as the amount of data is crucial for training and the network's architecture of the asphere is more complex due to more input channels.
Non-perfect system
In any real world application, no experiment is carried out under perfect system conditions. This motivated the idea of disturbing the perfect simulated forward pass and of generalizing the model to non-perfect systems. The network now needed to cope with data coming from a non-perfect TWI after having trained on a perfect simulation environment in the first stage. This was achieved by using a conventional calibration to determine the correct model of the interferometer.
Here, we focused on the multi-spherical freeform artefact as the design topography. Thirty difference topographies were randomly chosen from the former test set, i.e. not included in U-Net training. They had a total root mean squared deviation of 545 nm and are ranged from 296 nm to 6.1 µm in their absolute maximal deviation from peak to valley. The results are shown in Table 1, where the same trained network was used for differently produced inputs. The root mean squared error of the network predictions was 30 nm on the perfect TWI system. This increased to 538 nm after having disturbed the
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, 73.
Fictitious writer, 62.
Fine writing, 8.
Finished, Complete, Through, 39, 99.
Fire, Throw, 78.
First, Firstly, 62.
First, Former, 61.
First-rate, 62.
First two, 79.
Fish, Fly, 148.
Fix, In a, 53.
Fix, Mend, Repair, 62.
Fly, Flee, 53.
Flys, Fishes, 148.
Foregoing, Above, 87.
Foreign words, 9.
Former, First, 61.
Formulas, Larvas, Stigmas, 144.
For to see, 189.
Frederick the Great’s Kindness—Nouns in apposition, 127.
From hence, thence, whence, 180.
From, Of, 104, 176.
Funny, 56.
Further, Farther, 45.
Future, Subsequent, 79.
Gent’s pants, 79.
German, Dutch, 75.
Get, Got, 54.
Give, Accord, 36.
Good deal, Great deal, 57.
Good piece, Long distance, 110.
Good usage, 19.
Good, Well, 158.
Got to, Must, 115.
Governor, the old man, 97.
Great big, 98.
Great deal, Good deal, 57.
Greatly, Badly, 114.
Grouse, Quail, Snipe, 149.
Grow, Raise, Rear, 113.
Guess, Reckon, Calculate, Allow, 56.
Gums, Overshoes, 56.
Habit, Custom, 40.
Had better, Would better, 57.
Had have, 192.
Had ought to, 193.
Hadn’t, Haven’t, Hasn’t, 121.
Haint, Taint, 121.
Hangs on, Continues, 115.
Have got, 188.
Have saw, Has went, 114.
Haven’t, Hasn’t, Hadn’t, 121.
Haply, Happily, 114.
Happen, Transpire, 65.
Has went, Have saw, 114.
Hate, Dislike, 116.
Healthy, Wholesome, 52.
Healthy, Healthful, 112.
Hearty meal, 98.
He is no better than _me— _After _than_ and as, 133.
Help but be, 191.
Heroes, Cantos, Stuccoes, 145.
Herrings, Trout, Pike, 149.
He’s, She’s, It’s, 123.
Hey? Which? 25.
Hire, Lease, Let, Rent, 88.
His, One’s, 50.
His or her—Needless pronouns, 136.
Hope, Wish, 99.
House, Residence, 43.
_How_ for _by which— _Adverbs for relative pronouns, 140
How, That, 154.
Hung, Hanged, 112.
I am _him_-Case forms, 129.
Idea, Opinion, 113.
If, But, 157.
If, Whether, 58.
Ill, Sick, 107.
Illy, Ill, 58.
Immediately, Directly, As soon as, 77.
Immigrants, Emigrants, 78.
Implicit, 58.
I’m, You’re, He’s, She’s, It’s, We’re, They’re, 123.
In a fix, 53.
In, By, 175.
In, Into, 85, 176.
In, Of, 177.
In, On, 177.
In our midst, 84.
In respect of, To, 176.
In so far, 188.
Inaugurate, 109.
Incomplete Infinitive, 168.
Index, Appendix, 148.
Individual, 58.
Indorse, Endorse, 84.
Infinitive, 166.
Infinitive, Incomplete, 168.
Infinitive needed—Supply _To
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In the absence of measured covariates, a significant frailty variance was found with an estimate of 1.37 (SE = 0.75). This estimate was reduced only slightly by adjustment for birth cohort, cigarette smoking, and relative weight. (It would have been desirable to have more relevant covariates for breast cancer, but the study was not designed with this disease as its primary focus, and the relevant questions were not asked.) The approximate frailty covariate, observed minus expected cases, produced an estimate of 0.70 for all twins, 0.98 for MZ and 0.55 for DZ twins. The best fit was obtained by taking observed minus expected cases weighted by 1 for MZ and 1/2 for DZ twins. This can be seen as an approximation to the bivariate genetic frailty model.
There was a significant interaction between attained age and this genetic frailty covariate (X21 = 5.44), such that the frailty effect was stronger at younger ages. This is consistent with the suggestion that the genetic effect is strongest for premenopausal breast cancer.
Case-Control Study of Adenocarcinoma of the Lung and Familial Smoking
A population-based case-control study of adenocarcinoma in Los Angeles females was done to assess risk factors, including personal and passive smoking and family history. Details ofthe study design and the major findings can be found in the publication by Wu et al. (14). In particular, a highly significant effect of a family history of lung cancer was found, even after adjusting for personal smoking and other risk factors. In our analysis, we sought to determine whether some of this familial relative risk could be explained by correlation of family members' smoking habits.
For the analyses of passive smoking effects, each case and control was asked questions about the smoking habits of her parents, siblings, spouse, and other cohabitants. We also knew which of the subjects' first-degree relatives had had lung cancer and if so, whether or not they smoked. Finally, we knew how many brothers and sisters the subject had. Because of the design of the questionnaire, however, we did not know the lifetime smoking histories for the subjects' parents (only their status during the subjects' childhood and at diagnosis if they had lung cancer) nor which of the sibs smoked. Using the information that we did have on each family, we therefore tried to impute values for the unknown smoking histories to arrive at a random decision as to whether each family member smoked and if so, his age at starting and quitting and average number of cigarettes per day. This imputation applied the age-specific distributions of variables for cases and controls to affected and unaffected subjects, respectively, in the spirt of the section "Modifications for Proband and Case-Control Designs." The various decision rules are described elsewhere (9).
The analysis is based on the conditional likelihood for the cases and their matched controls, taking as a family history covariate the expectation of the frailty given the lifetime covariate, disease, and censoring histories of the family members. (We have not attempted a cohortstyle analysis because of the large size of the resulting Table 5). Addition of personal smoking reduced this estimate to 1.99 (LR X 1 = 14.38); to obtain this estimate, the average rates for the entire cohort were used as XO(t) and the smoking covariate was not used in estimating the Ei terms in the frailty. In the next iteration, the smoking-adjusted baseline rates and family members' smoking habits were used to obtain smokingadjusted Ei and Ei, the resulting variance estimated reduced to 1.59 on the first iteration, but was still highly significant (LR X21 = 11.82). Thus, we would conclude that the familial aggregation of lung cancer was only partially explained by familial aggregation of smoking. Although this conclusion can only be tentative in view of the probable high degree of misclassification of family members' smoking habits, we designed the imputation rules in such a way as to maximize the smoking x lung cancer association, thereby giving familial smoking the largest possible opportunity for explaining the association.
Discussion
The methods we have described provide a means of analyzing survival data for families, taking into account their interrelationships and any measured covariates. The latter could include environmental exposures, genetic markers, or variables on a causal pathway from genotype to outcome (such as hormones or reproductive events in breast cancer). Thus, they appear to address the major limitations of classical genetic and epidemiologic methods, as enumerated at the beginning. Numerous details remain to be resolved, however, including the development of a tractable variance estimator, the identifiability of the multivariate models, and the validity of the proposals for applications to noncohort designs. Although we have developed a feasible program for the univariate frailty model (but not the correct variance estimator), it is highly computer-intensive and the proposed extensions to mult
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This video is to help you to easily Get Started with xViz Gantt Chart – the Custom Visual for Microsoft Power BI The Gantt Chart for Power BI shows activiti. You can change the way link lines appear or hide the link lines.
Power bi gantt chart dependencies. Fredxivz 4 Posted June 25 2021. My table with dependencies come from Jira this way. Gantt Chart Excel is the only Gantt chart excel template with task dependencies.
In order to generate an insightful Gantt chart we must drag dimension or measure over corresponding components in the Fields section. A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart which illustrates a project timeline or schedule. The Gantt Chart Tools tab will be displayed with the Format tab underneath.
Snapshot of the data model Contoso used. The key elements portrayed on this chart generally are tasks resources duration progress time-axis completion and inter-dependencies. Power BI is a business intelligence tool that provides interactive elements to data visualizations.
Its true that Power BI doesnt have a built-in Gantt chart. A Gantt chart is a kind of bar chart that shows a project timeline or schedule. Read more is a visual representation of the progress of tasks against the set timeline.
Empower employees with a more productive and compliant workflow with Templafy. In case of Gantt chart one can also customize the Progress bar Display to be either bar or bullet. Chart Type and display Gantt or Gantt Resource.
Empower employees with a more productive and compliant workflow with Templafy. Power BI Gantt chart. Did anyone find a solution to showing dependancies in a Power BI Gant chart similar to in Project.
If its possible I would like see how is the table for do it. The result you get is a list of unique Colors with the Sales amount. The Gantt chart that we will be using has these features except inter-dependencies visually.
But I cant show dependencies in the Gantt chart. Gantt chart with links dependencies – Microsoft Power BI Community. Adding interactivity to project management.
But that doesnt mean its impossible to make one. Project Monitoring Conditional formatting and Status Flag Just like any other chart the xViz Gantt chart provides alerting options to highlight tasks based on set rules. As you can see it doesnt even take 3 minutes to create one especially if you got your data prepared and ready.
Gantt Chart in Excel Gantt Chart In Excel Gantt chart is a type of project manager chart that shows the start and completion time of a project as well as the time it takes to complete each step. Power BI as a visual analytics tool very well ensures that Gantt chart for a project gives the details in the most effective manner. Dates of holiday to be highlighted in the drawing area also used for Net Workdays calculation 2.
If you connect your model to DAX Studio and turn on Query Plan and Server Timings and run a simple query like the one below. A Gantt chart on an interactive canvas can enrich project management. On the Gantt Chart dependencies appear as lines linking two of the tasks or linking a task to a milestone.
In the Format group click Layout. Apply a Gantt Chart view. There are grave statistics available in project management literature about project failures due to breakdown in communication and with this visual in Power BI it will be a thing of the past.
Click Save Configs and youre good to go 3. In this article youll learn how to create an amazing report with the new Microsoft Power BI Gantt Custom Visual. Well drag each of them one-by-one sequentially.
Double click on the cells below Task column and you will see an input form. The in-built auto-scheduling automation of the template is able to update the dates of tasks based on changes that are made to its dependent tasks. Choose gantt chart labeling mode None Summary Dates Summary Dates.
The Gantt Chart visual can be used to show current schedule status using percent-complete shadings and a vertical TODAY line. Display category and measure Set the width and name for each of the additional columns in data grid. Ad Adjust and unify content and format in presentations in no time with Templafy.
15 Gantt Chart Labeling. Runtime Zoom option For end users to customize the zoom level if required. In Power BI visuals interact with each other so project managers can easily look at resource allocations and task completions and.
As Microsoft notes in its Power BI gallery listing for the Gantt chart the visual youll be working with here shows the Tasks Start Dates Durations Complete and Resources for a. In this tip we will create a Gantt chart in Power BI Desktop using some sample data. This feature has been part of Power BI for a while now but not many users know how to maximize its function.
Query Dependencies show you how the queries are linked together inside Power BI. This is useful when you plan to do a lot of data transformations inside your model. When you link tasks Project displays link lines on a Gantt Chart view that show the task dependencies of the linked tasks.
After repeating this a
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slap,” and certainly this will be added to his collection. And it reaffirms that there is contact between the two governments to solve some of the particular conflicts, such as the imprisonment of Alan Gross.
These are times of dialog; watching what is happening in Iran, Syria, and recently in Ukraine is imposing another logical order on these times. Hopefully the Cuban leader is included in President Obama’s invitation. It is a unique opportunity for a phone call, and then actions that determine a democratic will, like the ending of aggressions against the Ladies in White, the arrests and beatings of members of UNPACU (Cuban Democratic Union), and the free determination of programming without assaults for the activities of Estado de Sats. It should be followed by the release of Sonia Garro and her husband Ramón Muñoz, and the hundreds of opponents that await in Raul’s jails. The dictator Raul Castro can accomplish everything with single gesture of picking up his phone.
It is a unique moment that we can be sure he will not take advantage of, because the stubbornness of his brother, and now him, has not been in vain: a society has lost its values and the love of belonging to this country. However, the person who shone at that meeting was the man from the American side. There is no need to ask for a vote of confidence for him, his actions precede him.
Although circumstances sometimes inspire us to be extremists, we must pause, think with cool heads, and not let ourselves be carried away by emotions. More than a handshake, it was the iron fist in a velvet glove.
The 10th of December 2013 was the most striking example of how alone the Cuban opposition is. But I do not mean that external solitude, but the internal one, the separation that exists within the dissidence itself. We are our own worst enemies, and I recognize it with infinite pain.
As we walk separated we make the work of the dictatorship’s henchmen, to beat and isolate us, easier. The day we decide to put aside personal aims and, instead, focus on the roads together, channeling our energy in unity, then our cry for freedom will be more international in scope.
Shamefully we must recognize that personal ambition, the need to be recognized as individuals, and even the posture of those who are behind the economic aid sent by different routes to the opposition, through which they try to trip up one side, are guilty of the structural earthquake in the revolutionary block that seeks a democratic opening and impedes a broader reach for the cause of freedom.
There is a case of a prisoner before he entered prison whom Amnesty International recognized by phone who was part of the list of political prisoners whom they monitor in different countries; someone inside Cuba felt ignored and torpedoed this recognition and managed to get his name off the list. This is the extreme zeal shown by the opposition.
Another case is that of someone imprisoned for political activities who was linked to a dissidence group who was cut off by adverse opinions of another group in charge of legal matters which was representing him legally and before international Human Rights groups; he was thrown overboard. They felt he was no longer their problem. And in the midst of the crossfire, without any of the parties even asking him what he thought about it all. The truth is that they forgot their words of solidarity and promises to stand by his side in bad times to come for this prisoner.
These leaders and groups of the dissidence itself are saving State Security a lot of work as they busy themselves torpedoing the initiatives that didn’t come from them. Differences of opinions cause them to become alienated when, on the contrary, it’s healthy to think differently about how to achieve the same ends.
While these differences occur, we don’t need the repressors to do the work of rejection, to weaken the forces and ideas, as if all we all not all working toward the same ideal. We ourselves are doing that work. Hopefully we will manage to repress our impulses for personal recognition and understand that the truth and the way to achieve freedom is shared among all; and understand that it is more difficult, if not impossible, to achieve it separately.
When we are capable of working through these human miseries that hinder unity and clearly alienate and make the road to democracy rougher, then we will be capable of forcing the government to sit down to talk, and the world will see is and accept us as the political force we long to be. The nation’s founding fathers, with José Martí in mind, demand this concession. When we achieve this, we will then feel ourselves to be better human beings and better Cubans.
This teenager pampered and used by both sides, has had the sad task of erasing and criticizing the dreams of his mother. No mother makes plans for herself, and everything she did was to try to bring her child a future far from this dictatorship that today has been converted into a semi-literate, as can be corroborated in the Tweets that he has
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