Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: A user issues a ping 198.133.219.8 command and receives a response that includes a code of 0. What does this code represent? Options: A) Network unreachable B) Protocol unreachable C) Port unreachable D) Host unreachable Answer: A Explanation: ICMP response code 0 indicates that the destination network is unreachable. This happens when no valid route exists in the routing table for the specified network.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: A user issues a ping 2001:db8:3040:114::88 command and receives a response that includes a code of 4. What does this code represent? Options: A) Port unreachable B) Host unreachable C) Protocol unreachable D) Network unreachable Answer: A Explanation: ICMPv6 code 4 represents a 'port unreachable' condition, indicating that the packet arrived at the target device, but the destination port was closed or not accepting connections.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: A user issues a ping 2001:db8:FACE:39::10 command and receives a response that includes a code of 2. What does this code represent? Options: A) Beyond scope of the source address B) Host unreachable C) Protocol unreachable D) Network unreachable Answer: A Explanation: In ICMPv6, code 2 means 'Beyond scope of the source address.' This occurs when the source address cannot reach the destination due to mismatched address scope, such as using a link-local source to reach a global address.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What is the purpose of the network security accounting function? Options: A) To require users to prove who they are B) To determine which resources a user can access C) To keep track of the actions of a user D) To provide challenge and response questions Answer: C Explanation: Accounting in network security involves tracking user activity, such as login times and accessed resources. This data helps administrators audit usage and detect suspicious behavior.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which example of malicious code would be classified as a Trojan horse? Options: A) Malware that was written to look like a video game B) Malware that requires manual user intervention to spread C) Malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program D) Malware that automatically spreads by exploiting vulnerabilities Answer: A Explanation: A Trojan horse is malicious code disguised as legitimate software, such as a game or utility. Unlike worms, it does not self-replicate but tricks users into executing it.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What is the difference between a virus and a worm? Options: A) Viruses self-replicate but worms do not B) Worms self-replicate but viruses do not C) Worms require a host file but viruses do not D) Viruses hide in legitimate programs but worms do not Answer: B Explanation: Worms are self-replicating programs that spread automatically through networks by exploiting vulnerabilities, whereas viruses need a host program and user action to spread.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which attack involves a compromise of data that occurs between two endpoints? Options: A) Denial-of-service B) Man-in-the-middle attack C) Extraction of security parameters D) Username enumeration Answer: B Explanation: A man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack occurs when a threat actor intercepts communication between two devices, potentially collecting or altering data before passing it to the destination.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which type of attack involves an adversary attempting to gather information about a network to identify vulnerabilities? Options: A) Reconnaissance B) DoS C) Dictionary D) Man-in-the-middle Answer: A Explanation: Reconnaissance attacks are designed to discover system information or vulnerabilities that can later be exploited, often through scanning or probing techniques.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What is the purpose of the network security authentication function? Options: A) To require users to prove who they are B) To determine which resources a user can access C) To keep track of the actions of a user D) To provide challenge and response questions Answer: A Explanation: Authentication verifies user identity before granting access to network resources. It is part of the AAA framework: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which firewall feature ensures that packets entering a network are legitimate responses to requests initiated from internal hosts? Options: A) Stateful packet inspection B) URL filtering C) Application filtering D) Packet filtering Answer: A Explanation: Stateful packet inspection monitors active connections and ensures that only legitimate response packets are allowed into the network.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What is the role of an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)? Options: A) Detecting and blocking attacks in real time B) Connecting global threat information to Cisco security devices C) Authenticating and validating network traffic D) Filtering malicious websites Answer: A Explanation: An IPS monitors network traffic in real time to detect and block malicious activities before they can cause harm.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: A user redesigns a small company’s network and deploys multiple security devices, including an application-aware firewall, a separate external firewall, and an internal IPS. What approach is being implemented? Options: A) Attack-based B) Risk-based C) Structured D) Layered Answer: D Explanation: Using multiple security layers across the network creates a 'layered defense' approach, improving protection through redundancy and diverse controls.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What is an accurate description of redundancy? Options: A) Configuring a router with a complete MAC address table B) Securing a switch to filter all traffic C) Designing a network to use multiple virtual devices for best path selection D) Designing a network to use multiple paths between switches to avoid single points of failure Answer: D Explanation: Redundancy removes single points of failure by providing alternate network paths, ensuring continued connectivity even if one link fails.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What is the purpose of using a protocol analyzer when planning a network upgrade? Options: A) To identify the source and destination of local traffic B) To capture Internet bandwidth usage C) To document and analyze traffic requirements on each segment D) To establish a security baseline post-upgrade Answer: C Explanation: A protocol analyzer captures and analyzes network traffic to understand bandwidth usage, flow, and volume—essential for capacity planning and upgrade decisions.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: A network engineer analyzing baseline reports notices increased ping times between hosts. What might this indicate? Options: A) Change in bandwidth according to show interfaces B) Next-hop timeout from traceroute C) Increase in host-to-host ping response times D) Change in device RAM in show version output Answer: C Explanation: Higher host-to-host ping times indicate increased network latency, possibly due to congestion, routing changes, or degraded links.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: By following a structured troubleshooting approach, a network administrator identifies a network issue after talking with the user. What is the next step? Options: A) Verify full system functionality B) Test the theory to determine the cause C) Establish a theory of probable causes D) Establish a plan of action to resolve the issue Answer: C Explanation: After identifying the problem through user input, the next troubleshooting step is to establish a theory of probable causes before performing any tests.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which network service automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on the network? Options: A) DHCP B) Telnet C) DNS D) Traceroute Answer: A Explanation: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically assigns IP addresses, subnet masks, DNS servers, and default gateways to devices, simplifying network configuration.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What is considered the most effective way to mitigate a worm attack? Options: A) Change system passwords every 30 days B) Ensure all systems have current virus definitions C) Ensure that AAA is configured in the network D) Download and install security patches from the OS vendor Answer: D Explanation: Worms exploit vulnerabilities in operating systems. The most effective way to prevent them is by applying security patches and system updates regularly.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: A technician must document current configurations of all network devices, including off-site locations. Which protocol should be used for secure access? Options: A) FTP B) HTTP C) SSH D) Telnet Answer: C Explanation: SSH (Secure Shell) provides encrypted remote access for managing network devices securely, unlike Telnet which transmits data in plaintext.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: An administrator uses the password 'WhatAreyouwaiting4' on a router. Which statement applies to this password? Options: A) It is strong because it uses a passphrase B) It is weak because it is often a default password C) It is weak since it uses personal information D) It is weak since it is easily found in a dictionary Answer: A Explanation: The password is strong because it combines multiple words and numbers, forming a long passphrase that is hard to guess or crack.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: An administrator decides to use the password 'pR3s!d7n&0' on a router. Which statement applies to this password? Options: A) It is strong because it includes numbers, letters, and special characters B) It is weak because it is a default password C) It is weak because it uses personal information D) It is weak since it is found in a dictionary Answer: A Explanation: This password combines uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters, increasing complexity and resistance to brute-force attacks.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: An administrator sets the password '5$7*4#033!'. Which statement applies to this password? Options: A) It is strong because it contains 10 numbers and special characters B) It is weak because it is a default password C) It is weak since it uses personal information D) It is strong because it uses a passphrase Answer: A Explanation: The password uses numbers and special characters, increasing randomness and security. Length and variety make it difficult to predict or crack.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: An administrator sets the password 'pR3s!d7n&0' on a router. Which statement applies to this password? Options: A) It is strong because it uses a mix of characters and symbols B) It is weak since it is a common word C) It is strong because it uses a passphrase D) It is strong because it contains only special characters Answer: A Explanation: This password meets strong security requirements with a mix of letters, digits, and special symbols, making it resistant to guessing and dictionary attacks.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: An administrator sets the password '12345678!'. Which statement applies to this password? Options: A) It is weak because it uses a simple numeric sequence B) It is strong because it uses a passphrase C) It is weak since it is found in a dictionary D) It is strong because it uses special characters Answer: A Explanation: '12345678!' follows an easily guessed numeric pattern. Even with a special character, such predictable sequences make passwords insecure.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: An administrator uses 'admin' as the router password. Which statement applies to this password? Options: A) It is weak because it is often a default password B) It is strong because it is a passphrase C) It is strong because it includes special characters D) It is strong because it is 10 characters long Answer: A Explanation: 'admin' is one of the most common default credentials. It is widely known and should be changed immediately after device installation.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: An administrator uses 'Feb121978' as a router password. Which statement applies to this password? Options: A) It is weak because it uses easily found personal information B) It is strong because it is a passphrase C) It is weak since it is in a dictionary D) It is strong because it includes numbers Answer: A Explanation: Using personal dates, such as birthdays, makes passwords weak. Such information can easily be guessed or found through public records.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: When is it more beneficial to use a dynamic routing protocol instead of static routing? Options: A) In an organization where routers suffer from performance issues B) On a stub network that has a single exit point C) In a small network that is not expected to grow D) On a network with frequent topology changes Answer: D Explanation: Dynamic routing is preferred on larger or frequently changing networks because it can automatically adapt to topology changes, though it consumes more router resources.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which value in a routing table represents trustworthiness and is used to decide which route to install when multiple routes exist to the same destination? Options: A) Administrative distance B) Metric C) Outgoing interface D) Routing protocol Answer: A Explanation: Administrative distance ranks the credibility of routes learned from different sources; lower values are considered more trustworthy.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-answer question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: On which two routers would a default static route typically be configured? (Choose two.) Options: A) Any router where a backup to dynamic routing is needed B) The router that serves as the gateway of last resort C) A stub router connected to the rest of the corporate/campus network D) An edge router connecting to an ISP Answer: C, D Explanation: Stub and edge routers have only one next hop for unknown destinations, so a default static route is appropriate there.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which route has the lowest administrative distance by default? Options: A) A route learned via OSPF B) A directly connected network C) A static route D) A route learned via EIGRP Answer: B Explanation: Directly connected routes are considered the most trustworthy and have the lowest default administrative distance.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-answer question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What are two advantages of static routing over dynamic routing? (Choose two.) Options: A) More secure because routes are not advertised B) Scales well as networks grow C) Requires little knowledge of the network to implement D) Uses fewer router resources than dynamic routing Answer: A, D Explanation: Static routes do not advertise over the network and require no protocol processing, reducing bandwidth and CPU usage; however, they do not scale well and need detailed knowledge to configure.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: When configuring IPv6 static routes, the same IPv6 link-local address may be used for which purpose? Options: A) As a /128 destination host route B) For the 'ipv6 unicast-routing' command C) To set administrative distance to 2 D) As the next-hop address of two different adjacent routers Answer: D Explanation: Link-local addresses are only significant on the local link, so the same link-local next-hop can be referenced on multiple interfaces for different adjacent routers.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: R1 is configured with ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0 on interface Fa0/0, but show ip route does not display the directly connected network. What is the likely cause? Options: A) The subnet mask is incorrect B) The configuration must be saved first C) The interface Fa0/0 has not been activated (no shutdown) D) No packets destined for 172.16.1.0 have been received Answer: C Explanation: A directly connected network appears in the routing table only when the interface has a valid IP address, is administratively up, and has a carrier signal.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Easy): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What happens to a static route entry when the associated outgoing interface goes down? Options: A) The static route is removed from the routing table B) The router polls neighbors for a replacement route C) The router automatically redirects the route to another interface D) The static route remains because it is static Answer: A Explanation: If the exit interface becomes unavailable, the static route is no longer valid and is removed from the routing table.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is testing connectivity to a remote device with the IP address 10.1.1.1. What does the output of this command indicate? A) Connectivity to the remote device was successful. B) A router along the path did not have a route to the destination. C) A ping packet is being blocked by a security device along the path. D) The connection timed out while waiting for a reply from the remote device. Correct Answer: B Explanation: In the output of the ping command, an exclamation mark (!) indicates a response was successfully received, a period (.) indicates that the connection timed out while waiting for a reply, and the letter 'U' indicates that a router along the path did not have a route to the destination and sent an ICMP destination unreachable message back to the source. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: Refer to the exhibit. Host H3 is having trouble communicating with host H1. The network administrator suspects a problem exists with the H3 workstation and wants to prove that there is no problem with the R2 configuration. What tool could the network administrator use on router R2 to prove that communication exists to host H1 from the interface on R2, which is the interface that H3 uses when communicating with remote networks? A) traceroute B) show cdp neighbors C) Telnet D) an extended ping Correct Answer: D Explanation: An extended ping allows an administrator to select specific ping features. In this case, the administrator could specify a source address of the gigabit Ethernet port on the router and a destination address of host H1. A successful ping would verify connectivity between R2 and H1. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: Refer to the exhibit. Baseline documentation for a small company had ping round-trip time statistics of 36/97/132 between hosts H1 and H3. Today the network administrator checked connectivity by pinging between hosts H1 and H3 that resulted in a round-trip time of 1458/2390/6066. What does this indicate to the network administrator? A) Connectivity between H1 and H3 is fine. B) H3 is not connected properly to the network. C) Something is causing interference between H1 and R1. D) Performance between the networks is within expected parameters. Correct Answer: A,C,D Explanation: Ping round-trip time statistics are measured in milliseconds. The larger values indicate higher delay. Comparing these to baseline measurements helps identify performance degradation or network interference between hosts. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is configuring access control to switch SW1. If the administrator uses a console connection to connect to the switch, which password is needed to access user EXEC mode? A) CCNA-1-v7-Modules-1-3-Basic Network Connectivity and Communications Exam Answers 14 B) letmein C) secretin D) lineconin Correct Answer: D Explanation: Telnet accesses a network device through the virtual interface configured with the line VTY command. The password under 'line console 0' is required for console access, while enable and enable secret passwords are for privileged EXEC mode. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: What is the IP address of the switch virtual interface (SVI) on Switch0? A) 192.168.5.10 B) 192.168.10.5 C) 192.168.10.1 D) 192.168.5.0 Correct Answer: A Explanation: The IP address of the switch virtual interface (SVI) can be verified using the 'show running-config' or 'show ip interface brief' command, which lists the active interface addresses. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is trying to configure the switch but receives the error message shown. What is the problem? A) The entire command, configure terminal, must be used. B) The administrator is already in global configuration mode. C) The administrator must first enter privileged EXEC mode before issuing the command. D) The administrator is in user EXEC mode. Correct Answer: D Explanation: To enter global configuration mode, the command 'configure terminal' must be entered from privileged EXEC mode. The '>' prompt indicates user EXEC mode; the administrator must first use the 'enable' command. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: A network administrator is measuring the transfer of bits across the company backbone for a mission-critical application. The administrator notices the throughput is lower than expected. Which three factors could influence this difference? (Choose three) A) The amount of traffic crossing the network B) The sophistication of the encapsulation method applied C) The type of traffic crossing the network D) The latency caused by the number of network devices Correct Answer: A,C,D Explanation: Throughput is affected by traffic volume, traffic type, and latency across devices. These factors reduce the effective data rate compared to the theoretical bandwidth. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: What are three ways that media access control is used in networking? (Choose three) A) Ethernet utilizes CSMA/CD. B) Media access control provides placement of data frames onto the media. C) Contention-based access is deterministic. D) 802.11 utilizes CSMA/CD. Correct Answer: A,B Explanation: Wired Ethernet networks use CSMA/CD for managing frame placement on shared media. Wireless 802.11 uses CSMA/CA instead, and contention-based access is non-deterministic. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: What three items are contained in an Ethernet header and trailer? (Choose three) A) Source IP address B) Source MAC address C) Destination IP address D) Destination MAC address Correct Answer: B,D Explanation: Ethernet frames at Layer 2 contain source and destination MAC addresses in the header, while IP addressing is handled at Layer 3. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: Which three basic parts are common to all frame types supported by the data link layer? (Choose three) A) Header B) Type field C) MTU size D) Data Correct Answer: A,D Explanation: Every data link layer frame includes a header, data (payload), and trailer. These elements define addressing, error detection, and data encapsulation. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: A network administrator is connecting two modern switches using a straight-through cable. The switches are new and unconfigured. Which three statements are correct about the final result of the connection? (Choose three) A) The link between the switches will work at the fastest speed supported by both. B) The link between switches will work as full-duplex. C) If both switches support different speeds, each will operate at its own speed. D) The auto-MDIX feature will configure interfaces, removing the need for a crossover cable. Correct Answer: A,B,D Explanation: Modern switches automatically negotiate full-duplex operation and the highest mutual speed. Auto-MDIX eliminates the need for crossover cables by detecting and adjusting pin configurations. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: What makes fiber preferable to copper cabling for interconnecting buildings? (Choose three) A) Greater distances per cable run B) Lower installation cost C) Limited susceptibility to EMI/RFI D) Durable connections Correct Answer: A,C Explanation: Optical fiber supports higher bandwidth and longer transmission distances than copper while being immune to electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: A router receives a packet from the Gigabit 0/0 interface and determines that it must forward the packet out the Gigabit 0/1 interface. What will the router do next? A) Route the packet out the Gigabit 0/1 interface B) Create a new Layer 2 Ethernet frame to be sent to the destination C) Look into the ARP cache to determine the destination IP address D) Look into the routing table to determine if the destination network is in the routing table Correct Answer: B Explanation: After routing the packet to the outgoing interface, the router encapsulates it in a new Layer 2 Ethernet frame for the next hop toward the destination. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: What are two services provided by the OSI network layer? (Choose two.) A) performing error detection B) routing packets toward the destination C) encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer D) placement of frames on the media Correct Answer: B Explanation: A default gateway address allows a switch to forward packets that originate on the switch to remote networks. A default gateway address on a switch does not provide Layer 3 routing for PCs that are connected on that switch. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: What is one advantage that the IPv6 simplified header offers over IPv4? A) smaller-sized header B) little requirement for processing checksums C) smaller-sized source and destination IP addresses D) efficient packet handling Correct Answer: D Explanation: The IPv6 simplified header offers several advantages over IPv4, including efficient packet handling and reduced processing overhead. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: What routing table entry has a next hop address associated with a destination network? A) directly-connected routes B) local routes C) remote routes D) C and L source routes Correct Answer: C Explanation: Routing table entries for remote routes have a next-hop IP address, which identifies the router interface used to reach the destination network. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: What statement describes the function of the Address Resolution Protocol? A) ARP is used to discover the IP address of any host on a different network. B) ARP is used to discover the IP address of any host on the local network. C) ARP is used to discover the MAC address of any host on a different network. D) ARP is used to discover the MAC address of any host on the local network. Correct Answer: D Explanation: ARP is used to discover the MAC address of a host on the same network based on its IP address. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: A network technician issues the arp -d * command on a PC after the router connected to the LAN is reconfigured. What is the result? A) The ARP cache is cleared. B) The current content of the ARP cache is displayed. C) The detailed information of the ARP cache is displayed. D) The ARP cache is synchronized with the router interface. Correct Answer: A Explanation: The arp -d * command clears the ARP cache, forcing the PC to repopulate it with updated entries when new communication occurs. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: PC1 attempts to connect to File_server1 and sends an ARP request to obtain a destination MAC address. Which MAC address will PC1 receive in the ARP reply? A) the MAC address of S1 B) the MAC address of the G0/0 interface on R1 C) the MAC address of the G0/0 interface on R2 D) the MAC address of S2 Correct Answer: B Explanation: PC1 receives the MAC address of R1’s G0/0 interface, which acts as the default gateway for communication outside its local network. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: What is a characteristic of a floating static route? A) When it is configured, it creates a gateway of last resort. B) It is used to provide load balancing between static routes. C) It is simply a static route with 0.0.0.0/0 as the destination IPv4 address. D) It is configured with a higher administrative distance than the original dynamic routing protocol. Correct Answer: D Explanation: Floating static routes act as backup routes and are assigned a higher administrative distance than the dynamic protocol to be used only when the main route fails. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: An administrator issues the command ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:1::/32 gigabitethernet0/0 2001:db8:acad:6::1 100. What administrative distance is assigned to this route? A) 0 B) 1 C) 32 D) 100 Correct Answer: D Explanation: The value at the end of the ipv6 route command specifies the administrative distance, making this a floating static route with a distance of 100. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: What two pieces of information are needed in a fully specified static route to eliminate recursive lookups? (Choose two.) A) the interface ID of the next-hop neighbor B) the interface ID exit interface C) the IP address of the exit interface D) the IP address of the next-hop neighbor Correct Answer: B,D Explanation: A fully specified static route includes both the exit interface and the next-hop IP address, allowing the router to forward packets without performing recursive lookups. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Hard): Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Multi-answer allowed. 1–3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: A router has learned a route to 172.16.32.0/19 using OSPF. Which command implements a backup floating static route? A) ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.224.0 S0/0/0 100 B) ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.240.0 S0/0/0 200 C) ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0 S0/0/0 200 D) ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/0 100 Correct Answer: C Explanation: OSPF has an administrative distance of 110, so a floating static route must use a higher value (200). The network and mask must match 172.16.32.0/19. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What two criteria are used to help select a network medium from various network media? (Choose two.) Options: A) The types of data that need to be prioritized B) The cost of the end devices utilized in the network C) The distance the selected medium can successfully carry a signal D) The number of intermediate devices installed in the network Answer: A, C Explanation: When choosing a network medium, engineers consider factors such as signal distance capability, installation environment, data rate, and total medium cost. Data prioritization and signal range are critical design considerations.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: A user is implementing security on a small office network. Which two actions would provide the minimum security requirements for this network? (Choose two.) Options: A) Implementing a firewall B) Installing a wireless network C) Installing antivirus software D) Implementing an intrusion detection system Answer: A, C Explanation: Basic security for small networks involves deploying antivirus protection and firewalls. IDS and other complex solutions are typically unnecessary for small or home environments.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What are two characteristics of RAM on a Cisco device? (Choose two.) Options: A) RAM provides nonvolatile storage. B) The running configuration is stored in RAM. C) The contents of RAM are lost during a power cycle. D) RAM exists in switches but not in routers. Answer: B, C Explanation: RAM is volatile memory that stores the running configuration and other operational data. All data in RAM is lost when the device is powered off or restarted.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which two hostnames follow Cisco IOS naming convention rules? (Choose two.) Options: A) Branch2! B) RM-3-Switch-2A4 C) Floor(15) D) HO Floor 17 Answer: B Explanation: A valid hostname must start and end with a letter or digit, have no spaces, and use only alphanumeric characters and dashes. Special characters like spaces or parentheses make the name invalid.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What are three characteristics of a Switch Virtual Interface (SVI)? (Choose three.) Options: A) It is designed as a security protocol. B) It is not associated with any physical port. C) It is a virtual interface used for remote management. D) It allows connectivity by multiple media types. Answer: B, C Explanation: An SVI is a logical interface on a switch used primarily for management. It is not tied to a physical port but represents the VLAN and provides an IP interface for remote access.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which three application layer protocols are part of the TCP/IP suite? (Choose three.) Options: A) ARP B) DHCP C) DNS D) FTP Answer: B, C, D Explanation: DNS, DHCP, and FTP operate at the application layer. ARP is part of the network access layer and is used for address resolution rather than application-level communication.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which two OSI layers correspond to a single layer of the TCP/IP model? (Choose two.) Options: A) Data link B) Network C) Physical D) Session Answer: A, C Explanation: The OSI data link and physical layers together correspond to the TCP/IP network access layer, which handles physical signaling and frame transmission.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which two devices are considered intermediary devices in a network? (Choose two.) Options: A) Host B) Router C) Switch D) Server Answer: B, C Explanation: Routers and switches are intermediary devices because they forward and manage network traffic between endpoints.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What are two characteristics of fiber-optic cable? (Choose two.) Options: A) It is not affected by EMI or RFI. B) Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil. C) It combines cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data. D) It contains multiple pairs of copper wires. Answer: A Explanation: Fiber-optic cables use light pulses instead of electrical signals, providing immunity to EMI/RFI and supporting long-distance, high-bandwidth communication.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: In addition to cable length, what two factors can interfere with data transmission over UTP cables? (Choose two.) Options: A) Crosstalk B) Bandwidth C) Network size D) Signal modulation method Answer: A, D Explanation: UTP cable performance is affected by electromagnetic interference and crosstalk between twisted pairs. Proper cabling standards and shielding help minimize signal degradation.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which two statements describe the services provided by the data link layer? (Choose two.) Options: A) It defines the end-to-end delivery addressing scheme. B) It maintains the path between source and destination during transmission. C) It manages the access of frames to the network media. D) It provides reliable delivery through link establishment and flow control. Answer: C Explanation: The data link layer manages frame access to the media and organizes data into frames for transmission. It does not handle end-to-end delivery, which is the responsibility of the network and transport layers.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which two fields or features does Ethernet examine to determine whether a received frame should be accepted or discarded? (Choose two.) Options: A) Auto-MDIX B) CEF C) Frame Check Sequence D) Minimum frame size Answer: C, D Explanation: Ethernet checks the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) for errors and ensures the frame meets the minimum size requirement. Frames failing either condition are discarded.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What are two examples of the cut-through switching method? (Choose two.) Options: A) Store-and-forward switching B) Fast-forward switching C) CRC switching D) Fragment-free switching Answer: B, D Explanation: Fast-forward and fragment-free are both cut-through switching types that begin forwarding frames before the entire frame is received, minimizing latency.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: What are two actions performed by a Cisco switch? (Choose two.) Options: A) Building a routing table based on IP addresses B) Using source MAC addresses to build and maintain a MAC address table C) Forwarding frames with unknown destinations to the default gateway D) Using the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address Answer: B, D Explanation: A switch builds a MAC address table from source addresses and forwards frames using the destination MAC. It does not build IP routing tables.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which two functions are performed at the MAC sublayer of the OSI data link layer? (Choose two.) Options: A) Adds Layer 2 control information to network protocol data. B) Places information identifying the network layer protocol. C) Controls the NIC for sending and receiving data. D) Implements a trailer to detect transmission errors. Answer: C, D Explanation: The MAC sublayer manages hardware access and uses the trailer to detect errors, while LLC manages higher-level protocol identification.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which two functions are performed at the LLC sublayer of the OSI data link layer? (Choose two.) Options: A) Adds Layer 2 control information. B) Places information identifying the network layer protocol. C) Performs data encapsulation. D) Controls NIC hardware. Answer: A, B Explanation: The LLC sublayer adds control information and identifies Layer 3 protocols, allowing multiple protocols such as IPv4 and IPv6 to coexist over one physical medium.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which two functions are performed at the LLC sublayer of the OSI data link layer? (Choose two.) Options: A) Adds Layer 2 control information to network protocol data. B) Enables IPv4 and IPv6 to utilize the same interface. C) Provides data link addressing. D) Implements a trailer to detect transmission errors. Answer: A, B Explanation: The LLC sublayer enables multiple Layer 3 protocols to share the same interface and adds control fields to manage logical communication.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which two functions are performed at the LLC sublayer of the OSI data link layer? (Choose two.) Options: A) Enables IPv4 and IPv6 to utilize the same interface. B) Adds Layer 2 control information. C) Integrates various physical technologies. D) Implements a trailer for error detection. Answer: A, B Explanation: The LLC sublayer identifies upper-layer protocols and provides control information for reliable delivery between network nodes.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which parameter does a router use to choose a path to a destination when multiple routes exist? Options: A) The lower metric value associated with the route B) The lower gateway IP address C) The higher metric value associated with the route D) The higher gateway IP address Answer: A Explanation: Routers prefer paths with the lowest metric value, representing the most efficient route based on distance, cost, or other routing parameters.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create a multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks.

Output: Question: Which field in the IPv4 header prevents packets from circulating endlessly in a network? Options: A) Time-to-Live (TTL) B) Sequence Number C) Acknowledgment Number D) Differentiated Services (DS) Answer: A Explanation: The Time-to-Live (TTL) field decrements by one for each router hop; when it reaches zero, the packet is discarded, preventing routing loops.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: What information does the loopback test provide? A) The device can reach external networks. B) The TCP/IP stack on the device is working correctly. C) The router interface has proper configuration. D) The physical connection between two hosts is active. Correct Answer: B Explanation: The loopback test verifies that the host’s network interface card (NIC), drivers, and TCP/IP stack are functioning properly. It does not confirm external connectivity to other devices.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: When transporting real-time data such as video or voice over IPv6, which field in the IPv6 header ensures that packets in the same flow follow the same path? A) Next Header B) Flow Label C) Traffic Class D) Differentiated Services Correct Answer: B Explanation: The Flow Label field in the IPv6 header identifies packets belonging to the same flow, allowing routers to maintain consistent forwarding paths for latency-sensitive applications.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: Which destination address is used in an ARP request frame? A) 0.0.0.0 B) 255.255.255.255 C) FFFF.FFFF.FFFF D) AAAA.AAAA.AAAA Correct Answer: C Explanation: ARP requests are sent as Layer 2 broadcasts with the destination MAC address FFFF.FFFF.FFFF to reach all devices on the local network segment.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: In an ARP spoofing attack, what does the attacker attempt to achieve? A) Send ARP requests using multicast addresses. B) Associate IP addresses with incorrect MAC addresses. C) Replace the subnet mask of the victim host. D) Disable the routing table on the default gateway. Correct Answer: B Explanation: During ARP spoofing, a malicious host replies to ARP requests with fake MAC addresses, causing network devices to map IP addresses incorrectly and redirect traffic through the attacker.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: What information does a Layer 2 device, such as a switch, examine in the Ethernet frame header to forward data? A) Source MAC address B) Source IP address C) Destination MAC address D) Ethernet type field Correct Answer: C Explanation: Switches use the destination MAC address to determine the outgoing port for frame forwarding. The source MAC address is used only to build the MAC address table.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: What is the prefix length notation for the subnet mask 255.255.255.224? A) /27 B) /25 C) /26 D) /28 Correct Answer: A Explanation: The subnet mask 255.255.255.224 has 27 bits set to 1 in binary. Therefore, the prefix length is written as /27.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: How many valid host addresses are available in an IPv4 subnet configured with a /26 mask? A) 62 B) 254 C) 190 D) 192 Correct Answer: A Explanation: A /26 mask leaves 6 bits for host addresses. 2⁶ = 64 total addresses, minus 2 for network and broadcast, resulting in 62 usable host addresses.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: Which subnet mask corresponds to 5 host bits available for assignment? A) 255.255.255.224 B) 255.255.255.0 C) 255.255.255.128 D) 255.255.255.240 Correct Answer: A Explanation: If 5 bits are reserved for hosts, then 27 bits remain for the network portion (/27). The corresponding subnet mask is 255.255.255.224.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: A network administrator subnets 192.168.10.0/24 into /26 subnets. How many subnets are created? A) 4 B) 1 C) 2 D) 8 Correct Answer: A Explanation: Borrowing two bits from the host portion (/24 → /26) results in 2² = 4 subnets, each containing 64 total addresses.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: How many bits must be borrowed from the host portion of an address to create enough subnets for a router with five directly connected networks? A) Three B) Two C) Four D) Five Correct Answer: A Explanation: The number of required subnet bits (n) satisfies 2ⁿ ≥ number of networks. Since 2³ = 8 ≥ 5, three bits must be borrowed to create sufficient subnets.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: How many host addresses are available on the 192.168.10.128/26 network? A) 62 B) 30 C) 32 D) 60 Correct Answer: A Explanation: A /26 prefix leaves 6 bits for host addressing, resulting in 2⁶ = 64 total addresses. Subtracting the network and broadcast addresses leaves 62 usable host addresses.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: How many host addresses are available on the 172.16.128.0 network with a subnet mask of 255.255.252.0? A) 1022 B) 510 C) 512 D) 1024 Correct Answer: A Explanation: The mask 255.255.252.0 corresponds to /22, leaving 10 bits for host addresses. 2¹⁰ = 1024 total addresses, and subtracting 2 for network and broadcast gives 1022 usable hosts.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: What is the broadcast address for the 172.16.16.0/22 network? A) 172.16.19.255 B) 172.16.16.255 C) 172.16.20.255 D) 172.16.23.255 Correct Answer: A Explanation: The /22 prefix uses the mask 255.255.252.0, which covers addresses from 172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255. Therefore, 172.16.19.255 is the broadcast address.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: A network must support 126 hosts. Which subnet mask should be used? A) 255.255.255.128 B) 255.255.255.0 C) 255.255.255.224 D) 255.255.255.240 Correct Answer: B Explanation: A /24 mask (255.255.255.0) leaves 8 bits for hosts, allowing 2⁸ - 2 = 254 usable addresses, which is sufficient for 126 hosts.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: Which subnet address could accommodate 25 hosts within the 10.16.10.0/24 network? A) 10.16.10.64/27 B) 10.16.10.160/26 C) 10.16.10.128/28 D) 10.16.10.224/26 Correct Answer: A Explanation: A /27 mask supports 30 usable addresses, which is enough for 25 hosts. The subnet 10.16.10.64/27 falls within the available range.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: What is the usable number of host IP addresses in a network with a /26 mask? A) 62 B) 256 C) 254 D) 64 Correct Answer: A Explanation: A /26 mask (255.255.255.192) provides 6 host bits. 2⁶ = 64 total addresses, minus 2 for network and broadcast, leaving 62 usable IPs.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: Which IPv4 address range is reserved for multicast traffic? A) 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 B) 240.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.255 C) 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 D) 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 Correct Answer: A Explanation: IPv4 multicast addresses are in the Class D range, from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255, used for group-based communication.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: A network administrator receives a remote device IP address 192.168.25.10 for a videoconference. Why can this address not be used over the Internet? A) It is a private IP address. B) It is a loopback address. C) It is a link-local address. D) There is an IP conflict. Correct Answer: A Explanation: The 192.168.0.0/16 range is reserved for private networks. These addresses are not routable on the Internet and require NAT for external communication.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: A message is sent to all hosts on a remote network. What type of message is this? A) Directed broadcast B) Limited broadcast C) Multicast D) Unicast Correct Answer: A Explanation: A directed broadcast sends a message to all hosts on a specific remote network. Limited broadcasts only reach local subnet hosts.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: How many subnets can be created from the IPv6 prefix 2001:DB8::/48 without borrowing from the interface ID? A) 65536 B) 16 C) 256 D) 4096 Correct Answer: A Explanation: An IPv6 /48 prefix allows 16 additional bits before reaching /64, yielding 2¹⁶ = 65,536 possible subnets.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: Given the IPv6 address prefix 2001:db8::/48, what is the last subnet created if the prefix is changed to /52? A) 2001:db8:0:f000::/52 B) 2001:db8:0:f00::/52 C) 2001:db8:0:8000::/52 D) 2001:db8:0:f::/52 Correct Answer: A Explanation: Changing the prefix from /48 to /52 adds 4 bits to the subnet portion, creating 16 subnets. The last subnet in hexadecimal is 'f000', forming 2001:db8:0:f000::/52.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: What type of IPv6 address is FE80::1? A) Link-local B) Loopback C) Multicast D) Global unicast Correct Answer: A Explanation: Link-local addresses in IPv6 always start with FE80::/10 and are used for communication between devices on the same local network segment.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: In a hierarchical IPv6 addressing design, if one hexadecimal character represents the subnet portion, what is the maximum number of subnets per sub-site? A) 16 B) 0 C) 4 D) 256 Correct Answer: A Explanation: One hexadecimal character represents 4 bits, allowing 16 possible values (0-F). Therefore, there can be 16 subnets per sub-site.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: What is used in the EUI-64 process to create an IPv6 interface ID? A) The MAC address of the IPv6-enabled interface B) A randomly generated 64-bit address C) An IPv6 address assigned by DHCPv6 D) The IPv4 address configured on the interface Correct Answer: A Explanation: The EUI-64 process converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit interface ID by inserting 'FFFE' in the middle and flipping the seventh bit.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: What is the prefix for the IPv6 address 2001:DB8:BC15:A:12AB::1/64? A) 2001:DB8:BC15:A B) 2001:DB8:BC15 C) 2001:DB8:BC15:A:1 D) 2001:DB8:BC15:A:12 Correct Answer: A Explanation: A /64 prefix means the first 64 bits define the network portion. Thus, the prefix is 2001:DB8:BC15:A.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: An IPv6-enabled device sends a packet to FF02::1. What is the target of this packet? A) All IPv6-enabled devices on the local link B) Only one IPv6 device on the link with this address C) Only IPv6 DHCP servers D) Only IPv6 routers Correct Answer: A Explanation: FF02::1 is the all-nodes multicast address, which targets all IPv6 devices on the local network link.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: Which IPv6 prefix is reserved for communication between devices on the same link? A) FE80::/10 B) FC00::/7 C) 2001::/32 D) FDFF::/7 Correct Answer: A Explanation: FE80::/10 defines link-local addresses used for communication between directly connected IPv6 devices without requiring routing.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: Which IPv6 address type refers to a unicast address assigned to multiple devices? A) Anycast B) Unique local C) Global unicast D) Link-local Correct Answer: A Explanation: An anycast address is a unicast address assigned to multiple devices, with traffic being delivered to the nearest device based on routing.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: Which service provides dynamic IPv6 addressing without using a stateful server? A) SLAAC B) Stateful DHCPv6 C) Static IPv6 D) Stateless DHCPv6 Correct Answer: A Explanation: Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) allows devices to generate their own IPv6 addresses using router advertisements, without relying on a DHCPv6 server.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Difficulty level: moderate.

Output: Question: Which protocol supports Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) for dynamic IPv6 address assignment? A) ICMPv6 B) ARPv6 C) DHCPv6 D) UDP Correct Answer: A Explanation: SLAAC uses ICMPv6 messages, specifically Router Advertisement (RA) and Router Solicitation (RS), to help devices auto-configure IPv6 addresses.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: A technician runs ping 127.0.0.1 on a Windows host. What is being tested? A) the TCP/IP stack on a network host B) connectivity between two adjacent Cisco devices C) connectivity between the PC and the default gateway D) connectivity between two PCs on the same network Correct Answer: A Explanation: 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address; a successful reply verifies the local NIC/driver and TCP/IP stack, not external connectivity. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Refer to the exhibit. An admin uses tracert from PC1 toward PC2 and sees only the first hop respond. Where should troubleshooting begin? A) R1 B) PC2 C) SW2 D) R2 Correct Answer: A Explanation: Tracert shows the first responding hop—the default gateway (R1). Downstream hops do not respond, so the first device to check is R1. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which subnet includes 192.168.1.96 as a usable host address? A) 192.168.1.64/26 B) 192.168.1.32/27 C) 192.168.1.32/28 D) 192.168.1.64/29 Correct Answer: A Explanation: A /26 yields the range 192.168.1.64-192.168.1.127 with .64 network and .127 broadcast; .96 lies within the usable host range. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: A host sends a broadcast frame. Who receives it? A) all hosts in the same subnet B) a specially defined group of hosts C) the closest neighbor only D) all hosts on the Internet Correct Answer: A Explanation: Broadcasts are limited to the local Layer-2 domain (subnet/VLAN); all hosts on that LAN receive the frame. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: A host sends a unicast packet. Who receives it? A) one specific host B) a specially defined group of hosts C) all hosts on the Internet D) the closest neighbor only Correct Answer: A Explanation: Unicast addressing targets a single destination IP; only the device with that IP processes the packet. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: A host sends a multicast packet. Who receives it? A) a specially defined group of hosts B) the closest neighbor only C) one specific host D) directly connected network devices regardless of subscription Correct Answer: A Explanation: Multicast traffic is delivered only to receivers that have joined the multicast group address. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Allow multi-answer; put letters comma-separated. Include a rigorous 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: Refer to the exhibit of a ping to 10.1.1.1 showing '!!!!!..U'. What does the output indicate? A) Connectivity to the remote device was successful. B) A router along the path did not have a route to the destination. C) A ping packet is being blocked by a security device along the path. D) The connection timed out while waiting for a reply from the remote device. Correct Answer: B Explanation: In Cisco ping output, '!' = success, '.' = timeout, and 'U' = ICMP Destination Unreachable from a router with no route. Thus a router lacked a route to 10.1.1.1. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Allow multi-answer; put letters comma-separated. Include a rigorous 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: Refer to the exhibit. To prove R2 can reach host H1 using the same source interface H3 would use, which tool/command on R2 is appropriate? A) traceroute B) show cdp neighbors C) Telnet D) an extended ping Correct Answer: D Explanation: Extended ping lets you set the source interface/address (e.g., R2's G0/x toward H3) and destination (H1). A successful reply proves connectivity from that interface. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Allow multi-answer; put letters comma-separated. Include a rigorous 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: hard.

Output: Question: Baseline RTT between H1 and H3 is 36/97/132 ms; today it's 1458/2390/6066 ms. What does this indicate? A) Connectivity between H1 and H3 exists. B) H3 is not connected properly to the network. C) Something is causing major delay/interference. D) Performance between the networks is outside expected parameters. Correct Answer: A,C,D Explanation: ICMP replies show connectivity but the RTTs are orders of magnitude higher than baseline, indicating abnormal delay/congestion/interference; thus performance is not within expected parameters. Difficulty: Hard


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which command blocks all login attempts on RouterA for 30 seconds after 2 failed logins within 10 seconds? A) login block-for 10 attempts 2 within 30 B) login block-for 30 attempts 2 within 10 C) login block-for 2 attempts 30 within 10 D) login block-for 30 attempts 10 within 2 Correct Answer: B Explanation: Syntax is 'login block-for <seconds> attempts <n> within <seconds>'; option B matches the described behavior. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which attack phase commonly uses tools like nslookup and fping? A) access attack B) reconnaissance attack C) denial-of-service attack D) worm attack Correct Answer: B Explanation: Reconnaissance gathers information (hosts, addressing, DNS) prior to exploitation; utilities like nslookup, ping/fping are typical footprinting tools. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which command mitigates brute-force password attacks on a router by throttling login attempts? A) exec-timeout 30 B) service password-encryption C) banner motd $Max failed logins = 5$ D) login block-for 60 attempts 5 within 60 Correct Answer: D Explanation: The login block-for feature enforces a lockout window after a threshold of failed attempts, slowing brute-force attacks; the other commands do not rate-limit logins. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: What makes SSH more secure than Telnet for device management? A) confidentiality with IPsec B) stronger password requirement C) random one-time port connection D) login information and data encryption Correct Answer: D Explanation: SSH encrypts authentication and session data (default TCP 22), unlike Telnet's plaintext; it does not inherently use IPsec nor random ephemeral ports. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: What is the advantage of using SSH over Telnet? A) SSH is easier to use. B) SSH operates faster than Telnet. C) SSH provides secure communications to access hosts. D) SSH supports authentication for a connection request. Correct Answer: C Explanation: SSH encrypts authentication and session data, providing secure remote access. Telnet transmits credentials in plaintext; both can authenticate, but only SSH protects the exchange. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which method is used to send a ping while specifying the source address on Cisco IOS? A) Issue ping from interface configuration mode. B) Issue the ping command with no destination to enter extended ping. C) Issue a normal ping without extended commands. D) Shut down unused interfaces, then ping. Correct Answer: B Explanation: Typing 'ping' in privileged EXEC without a destination invokes extended ping, allowing parameters such as the source IP/interface to be set. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which statement about Cisco IOS ping indicators is true? A) '!' means unsuccessful and likely a DNS issue. B) 'U' indicates a router reported no route to the destination (ICMP unreachable). C) '.' means success but slower than normal. D) A mix of '.' and '!' proves a router sent ICMP unreachable. Correct Answer: B Explanation: IOS ping output uses '!': success, '.': timeout/no response, 'U': ICMP Destination Unreachable—commonly when a router lacks a route. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: A user reports no connectivity. Pings to other hosts and to the default gateway all fail. What can be concluded for sure? A) The NIC in the PC is faulty. B) TCP/IP is not enabled. C) The local router is down. D) Nothing can be determined for sure yet. Correct Answer: D Explanation: ICMP may be filtered or multiple issues could exist; additional tests from other devices and interface checks are needed before concluding a specific fault. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: On Windows, what does the option '-6' do in 'tracert -6 www.cisco.com'? A) Forces the trace to use IPv6. B) Limits the trace to 6 hops. C) Sets a 6 ms timeout per probe. D) Sends 6 probes per TTL. Correct Answer: A Explanation: The '-6' flag instructs tracert to use IPv6 rather than IPv4 for the path discovery. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Why would an administrator use the tracert utility? A) List active TCP sessions. B) Query DNS records for a name. C) Identify where a packet is lost or delayed along a path. D) Display local IP/gateway/DNS configuration. Correct Answer: C Explanation: Tracert reveals each hop to a destination and where latency or loss occurs, aiding path troubleshooting. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: R1 cannot ping directly connected R2. The admin runs 'show cdp neighbors'. Why? A) To check for malware causing ping failure. B) To verify Layer 2 connectivity exists between the devices. C) To verify R2's configured IP address only. D) To test reachability from non-directly connected networks. Correct Answer: B Explanation: CDP operates at Layers 2/3 adjacency; successful CDP output proves physical/Layer-2 connectivity even if IP issues prevent ping. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: While troubleshooting Cisco gear, which command shows neighbor IPs, hostnames, capabilities, and IOS versions? A) show version B) show ip route C) show interfaces D) show cdp neighbors detail Correct Answer: D Explanation: 'show cdp neighbors detail' provides rich discovery information about directly connected Cisco neighbors, including IP and software details. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: What information can be verified with the 'show version' command on a Cisco router? A) Enabled routing protocol version B) Configuration register value C) Operational status of serial interfaces D) Administrative distances in the routing table Correct Answer: B Explanation: 'show version' lists system image, uptime, hardware, and the configuration register (e.g., 0x2102); interface status and routing parameters are shown by other commands. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Include a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which command allows log messages to appear on a remote Telnet/SSH session? A) debug all B) logging synchronous C) show running-config D) terminal monitor Correct Answer: D Explanation: Console sessions display logs by default; remote VTY sessions must enable display with 'terminal monitor' to see syslog/debug output. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Write a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which command can an administrator issue on a Cisco router to send debug messages to the vty lines? A) terminal monitor B) logging console C) logging buffered D) logging synchronous Correct Answer: A Explanation: IOS debug/log messages are sent to the console by default; to see them in a Telnet/SSH (vty) session you must enable 'terminal monitor'. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Write a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which statement describes the ping and tracert commands? A) Tracert shows each hop, while ping shows only the destination reply. B) Tracert uses IP addresses; ping does not. C) Both ping and tracert show results graphically. D) Ping shows success; tracert cannot. Correct Answer: A Explanation: Ping verifies end-to-end reachability; tracert (traceroute) enumerates each hop and its response time along the path to the destination. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Write a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: A network technician needs to verify the IP addresses of all interfaces on a router. Which command is best? A) show ip interface brief B) nslookup C) ipconfig getifaddr en0 D) show ip route Correct Answer: A Explanation: 'show ip interface brief' summarizes all interfaces with their IP addresses and line/protocol status—ideal for quick checks. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Write a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Students on the same switch have slow responses; the admin suspects a duplex mismatch. Which command helps confirm this? A) show interfaces B) ipconfig getifaddr en0 C) copy running-config startup-config D) show ip nat translations Correct Answer: A Explanation: 'show interfaces' displays speed/duplex settings and errors, revealing mismatches that commonly cause poor performance. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Write a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: A user wants to know the PC's IP address. Which command should be used in Windows? A) ipconfig B) copy running-config startup-config C) show interfaces D) show ip nat translations Correct Answer: A Explanation: 'ipconfig' lists the host's interface configurations including IPv4/IPv6 address, subnet mask/prefix, and default gateway. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Write a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: A student wants to save a router configuration so it persists after reload. Which command should be used? A) copy running-config startup-config B) show interfaces C) show ip nat translations D) show ip route Correct Answer: A Explanation: This command copies the active config from RAM to NVRAM, ensuring it loads at the next boot. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Write a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: A support tech needs the Wi-Fi interface IP on macOS. Which command should be used? A) ipconfig getifaddr en0 B) copy running-config startup-config C) show interfaces D) show ip nat translations Correct Answer: A Explanation: On macOS, 'ipconfig getifaddr en0' prints the IPv4 address of interface en0 (commonly the wireless adapter). Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Write a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: A technician must verify all IPv6 interface addresses on a router. Which command is best? A) show ipv6 interface B) show interfaces C) show ip nat translations D) show ip route Correct Answer: A Explanation: 'show ipv6 interface' lists each interface's IPv6 status, link-local/global addresses, and other IPv6 parameters. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Write a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: A teacher must verify the default gateway configured on a Windows PC. Which command should be used? A) ipconfig B) copy running-config startup-config C) show interfaces D) show ip nat translations Correct Answer: A Explanation: 'ipconfig' outputs the adapter's IPv4/IPv6 settings, including the default gateway, enabling quick validation. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Write a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Only users on IPv6 segments have trouble reaching remote networks. To verify if IPv6 routing is enabled, which command should be run on the router? A) show running-config B) show interfaces C) copy running-config startup-config D) show ip nat translations Correct Answer: A Explanation: 'show running-config' reveals whether 'ipv6 unicast-routing' is configured, which is required for IPv6 forwarding between interfaces. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Introduction to Networks. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Put the letter(s) in 'correct_answer'. Write a concise 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: An administrator is troubleshooting connectivity issues and needs to determine the IP address of a website. What command should be used? A) nslookup B) show ipv6 route C) show ipv6 interface D) copy startup-config running-config Correct Answer: A Explanation: 'nslookup' queries DNS to resolve a domain name to its IP address, which is ideal for verifying DNS resolution problems. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Intermediate Routing Concepts. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Allow multi-answer if appropriate. Give a 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which route would be used to forward a packet with source 192.168.10.1 and destination 10.1.1.1? A) C 192.168.10.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 B) O 10.1.1.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.200.2, Serial0/1/0 C) S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1 D) S 10.1.0.0/16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 Correct Answer: B Explanation: Longest-prefix match wins; /24 is a more specific match for 10.1.1.1 than the /16 or default route, even if OSPF has a higher administrative distance. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Intermediate Routing Concepts. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which IPv6 prefix is used for a default static route that matches any destination? A) FFFF::/128 B) ::1/64 C) ::/128 D) ::/0 Correct Answer: D Explanation: The IPv6 default route is written as ::/0—an all-zeros prefix with a mask length of 0 that matches any destination. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Intermediate Routing Concepts. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: How was the host route 2001:DB8:CAFE:4::1/128 installed in the routing table? A) Dynamically created by the local router B) Learned from a dynamic routing protocol C) Manually entered as a static route D) Auto-installed when an address was configured on an interface Correct Answer: C Explanation: The entry shows an 'S' (static) and a /128 host route; such a host route appears when an admin manually configures a static route to that exact address. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Intermediate Routing Concepts. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: After adding a new static route to 172.16.1.0/24 on R1, which outcome occurs? A) Static route goes to running-config but not the routing table B) RIP-learned 172.16.1.0 route is replaced by the static route C) Default route 0.0.0.0/0 is replaced by the static route D) Static route is added alongside the RIP route Correct Answer: B Explanation: When two routes to the same network exist, the one with the lower administrative distance (static) replaces the higher AD (RIP) entry. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Intermediate Routing Concepts. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which command creates a floating static backup route for 172.16.1.0/24 so it is used only if the RIP route fails? A) ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 B) ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 121 C) ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 91 D) ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 1 Correct Answer: B Explanation: A floating static must have an administrative distance higher than RIP’s 120; using 121 ensures it is only preferred when the RIP route is lost. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Intermediate Routing Concepts. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: What type of IPv6 static route is configured with 'ipv6 route 2001:DB8::/32 2001:DB8:3000::1'? A) Floating static route B) Fully specified static route C) Recursive static route D) Directly attached static route Correct Answer: C Explanation: The next hop is an IPv6 address (not an interface), so the router must recursively resolve it via another route—this is a recursive static route. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Intermediate Routing Concepts. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Given the routing table with a default route via 209.165.200.226 and no entry for 192.168.12.0/24, what will happen to a packet destined to 192.168.12.227? A) Drop the packet B) Send out GigabitEthernet0/0 C) Send out Serial0/0/0 D) Send out GigabitEthernet0/1 Correct Answer: C Explanation: With no specific match, the router uses the gateway of last resort (0.0.0.0/0 via 209.165.200.226), which is reachable via Serial0/0/0. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English, Level: Moderate): Intermediate Routing Concepts. Provide exactly 4 options (A-D). Multi-answer allowed. 1-3 sentence explanation. Difficulty: moderate.

Output: Question: Which two commands change the next hop for 10.0.0.0/8 from 172.16.40.2 to 192.168.1.2? (Choose two) A) A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.2 B) A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s0/0/0 C) A(config)# no network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2 D) A(config)# no ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2 Correct Answer: A,D Explanation: First remove the existing static route pointing to 172.16.40.2, then add a new static route with the next hop 192.168.1.2. Difficulty: Moderate


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a short 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Difficulty level: easy. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A network administrator notices that interfaces Gi0/1 and Gi0/2 are not included in the show vlan brief output. Why? Options: A) There is a native VLAN mismatch between the switches. B) There is no media connected to the interfaces. C) They are administratively shut down. D) They are configured as trunk interfaces. Answer: D Explanation: Trunk ports do not appear in show vlan brief because they are not assigned to an access VLAN.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a short 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Difficulty level: easy. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A network contains multiple VLANs spanning multiple switches. What happens when a device in VLAN 20 sends a broadcast Ethernet frame? Options: A) All devices in all VLANs see the frame. B) Devices in VLAN 20 and the management VLAN see the frame. C) Only devices in VLAN 20 see the frame. D) Only devices connected to the local switch see the frame. Answer: C Explanation: VLANs create separate broadcast domains, so broadcast frames remain within the same VLAN.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a short 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Difficulty level: easy. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What should be done if VLAN 20 traffic cannot pass between switches? Options: A) Allow VLAN 20 on the trunk link. B) Enable DTP on both ends of the trunk. C) Configure all workstations on SW1 to be part of the default VLAN. D) Configure all workstations on SW2 to be part of the native VLAN. Answer: A Explanation: VLAN 20 must be explicitly allowed on the trunk link for inter-switch communication.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a short 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Difficulty level: easy. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What happens to switch ports after the VLAN to which they are assigned is deleted? Options: A) The ports are disabled. B) The ports are placed in trunk mode. C) The ports are assigned to VLAN1, the default VLAN. D) The ports stop communicating with attached devices. Answer: D Explanation: Ports must be reassigned to an active VLAN; otherwise, they lose connectivity.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a short 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Difficulty level: easy. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which command displays the encapsulation type, the voice VLAN ID, and the access mode VLAN for the Fa0/1 interface? Options: A) show vlan brief B) show interfaces Fa0/1 switchport C) show mac address-table interface Fa0/1 D) show interfaces trunk Answer: B Explanation: The show interfaces switchport command displays encapsulation, access VLAN, native VLAN, and voice VLAN information.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a short 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Difficulty level: easy. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A high school uses VLAN15 for the laboratory network and VLAN30 for the faculty network. What is required to enable communication between these VLANs while using the router-on-a-stick approach? Options: A) A switch port configured as trunk to the router. B) A router with at least two LAN interfaces. C) Two groups of switches with ports per VLAN. D) A multilayer switch is required. Answer: A Explanation: Router-on-a-stick uses one router interface configured as a trunk to handle multiple VLAN subinterfaces.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a short 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Difficulty level: easy. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What is a characteristic of a routed port on a Layer 3 switch? Options: A) It supports trunking. B) It is not assigned to a VLAN. C) It is commonly used as a WAN link. D) It cannot have an IP address assigned. Answer: AB Explanation: Routed ports are Layer 3 interfaces not associated with VLANs; they support IP addressing and routing.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a short 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Difficulty level: easy. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What is the effect of issuing the command mdix auto on a Cisco 2960 switch? Options: A) It automatically adjusts the port to use either a straight-through or a crossover cable. B) It applies an IPv4 address to the virtual interface. C) It applies an IPv6 address to the virtual interface. D) It permits an IPv6 address on physical interfaces. Answer: A Explanation: The mdix auto command enables automatic crossover (Auto-MDIX) so either cable type can be used.