Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which tasks can be accomplished by using the command history feature? (Choose two.) Options: A) View a list of commands entered in a previous session. B) Recall up to 15 command lines by default. C) Set the command history buffer size. D) Recall previously entered commands. Answer: BCD Explanation: The command history feature lets you recall previously entered commands stored in the buffer. By default, up to 10–15 commands can be recalled, and the buffer size can be adjusted.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Under which two occasions should an administrator disable DTP while managing a local area network? (Choose two.) Options: A) When connecting a Cisco switch to a non-Cisco switch. B) When a neighbor switch uses a DTP mode of dynamic auto. C) When a neighbor switch uses a DTP mode of dynamic desirable. D) On links that should not be trunking. Answer: AD Explanation: Cisco best practices recommend disabling DTP on links that should not use trunking and when connecting to non-Cisco devices.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which two characteristics describe the native VLAN? (Choose two.) Options: A) Designed to carry traffic that is generated by users. B) The native VLAN traffic will be untagged across the trunk link. C) This VLAN is necessary for remote management of a switch. D) High priority traffic uses the native VLAN. Answer: B Explanation: The native VLAN ensures untagged traffic across trunk links and provides a common identifier on both ends of the trunk.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which two statements are correct with respect to SVI inter-VLAN routing? (Choose two.) Options: A) Switching packets is faster with SVI. B) There is no need for a connection to a router. C) Virtual interfaces support subinterfaces. D) SVIs can be bundled into EtherChannels. Answer: AB Explanation: SVI provides direct inter-VLAN routing within the switch, resulting in faster packet switching and eliminating the need for an external router.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: In which two port states does a switch learn MAC addresses and process BPDUs in a PVST network? (Choose two.) Options: A) Disabled B) Forwarding C) Listening D) Learning Answer: B Explanation: Switches learn MAC addresses at the learning and forwarding port states. They receive and process BPDUs at the blocking, listening, learning, and forwarding port states.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: When the show spanning-tree vlan 33 command is issued on a switch, which two port roles could these interfaces function as while in the forwarding state? (Choose two.) Options: A) Alternate B) Designated C) Disabled D) Root Answer: BD Explanation: Ports in the forwarding state are either designated or root ports. Alternate ports are in the blocking state and disabled ports are administratively off.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What are two drawbacks to turning spanning tree off and having multiple paths through the Layer 2 switch network? (Choose two.) Options: A) The MAC address table becomes unstable. B) The switch acts like a hub. C) Port security becomes unstable. D) Broadcast frames are transmitted indefinitely. Answer: AD Explanation: Without spanning tree, MAC address tables become unstable and broadcast storms can render the network unusable.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What are two requirements to configure an EtherChannel between two switches? (Choose two.) Options: A) All interfaces must operate at the same speed. B) All interfaces must be assigned to different VLANs. C) Different allowed VLAN ranges must exist. D) All interfaces must use the same duplex mode. Answer: AD Explanation: All interfaces in an EtherChannel must run at the same speed and duplex mode to ensure proper aggregation.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which two parameters must match on the ports of two switches to create a PAgP EtherChannel between them? (Choose two.) Options: A) Port ID B) PAgP mode C) MAC address D) Speed Answer: D Explanation: The interfaces must have matching speed, duplex, and VLAN information to successfully form a PAgP EtherChannel.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What are two advantages of using LACP? (Choose two.) Options: A) It allows directly connected switches to negotiate an EtherChannel link. B) It eliminates the need for trunk configuration. C) It decreases configuration time. D) It allows multivendor interoperability. Answer: AD Explanation: LACP allows switches from multiple vendors to negotiate EtherChannel links dynamically, reducing manual configuration.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What are two advantages of EtherChannel? (Choose two.) Options: A) STP views physical links as one logical connection. B) Load balancing occurs across multiple EtherChannels. C) Consistent configuration across physical links. D) STP transitions failed interfaces into forwarding state. Answer: AC Explanation: EtherChannel groups links into one logical interface, ensuring consistent configuration and increased bandwidth without extra ports.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: In which two PVST+ port states are MAC addresses learned? (Choose two.) Options: A) Learning B) Forwarding C) Disabled D) Listening Answer: AB Explanation: Switches learn MAC addresses in the learning and forwarding states, which also allow frame forwarding.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which two channel group modes place an interface in a negotiating state using PAgP? (Choose two.) Options: A) On B) Desirable C) Active D) Auto Answer: BD Explanation: Only the desirable and auto modes negotiate EtherChannel using PAgP, while active/passive belong to LACP.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What are two load-balancing methods in EtherChannel technology? (Choose two.) Options: A) Source port to destination port. B) Source IP to destination IP. C) Combination of MAC and IP addresses. D) Source MAC to destination MAC. Answer: BD Explanation: Depending on hardware, EtherChannel can balance traffic using either source/destination MAC or source/destination IP addresses.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which two network design features require Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) to ensure correct operation? (Choose two.) Options: A) Static default routes. B) VLANs to contain broadcasts. C) Redundant links between Layer 2 switches. D) Multiple Layer 2 switches for fault tolerance. Answer: CD Explanation: STP ensures loop-free operation in Layer 2 networks with redundant links and multiple interconnected switches.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: During which two steps does a DHCP-enabled client use broadcast messages when communicating with a DHCP server? (Choose two.) Options: A) DHCPDISCOVER B) DHCPACK C) DHCPOFFER D) DHCPREQUEST Answer: AD Explanation: DHCP clients use broadcast messages in the DISCOVER and REQUEST phases to locate servers before obtaining an IP address.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which protocol automates IP address assignment on a network, and which port number does it use? (Choose two.) Options: A) DHCP B) DNS C) SMB D) 53 Answer: AD Explanation: DHCP automates IP address assignment, while DNS uses port 53 to resolve domain names into IP addresses.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which two UDP ports are used to forward DHCP traffic through relay agents? (Choose two.) Options: A) 23 B) 53 C) 67 D) 68 Answer: CD Explanation: DHCP communication uses UDP port 67 for servers and UDP port 68 for clients during address allocation and lease renewal.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: How does a client device obtain a usable IP address from a DHCP server on an Ethernet network? Options: A) Send a DHCPACK packet to the gateway. B) Use a statically configured IP. C) Send a DHCPDISCOVER message to MAC FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF. D) Send a DHCPREQUEST to 255.255.255.255. Answer: AC Explanation: DHCP clients broadcast a DISCOVER message to the special broadcast MAC FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF when they lack IP configuration.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What is an advantage of configuring a Cisco router as a relay agent? Options: A) It can provide relay services for multiple UDP services. B) It reduces DHCP response time. C) It forwards multicast messages. D) It allows DHCPDISCOVER to pass unaltered. Answer: A Explanation: The ip helper-address command forwards eight UDP services, including DHCP, DNS, TFTP, and NetBIOS, enabling efficient relay functionality.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A network administrator is implementing stateless DHCPv6. Clients get IPv6 addresses but not DNS information. What is the likely cause? Options: A) The DNS server address is on a different network. B) The router is configured for SLAAC only. C) The GigabitEthernet interface is not activated. D) The clients cannot reach the DHCPv6 server. Answer: B Explanation: Stateless DHCPv6 requires RA with the Other-config (O) flag set; with SLAAC-only (M=0, O=0), clients do not receive DNS information.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A stateless DHCPv6 client would send which message as step 3 to obtain additional parameters like DNS servers? Options: A) DHCPv6 SOLICIT B) DHCPv6 REQUEST C) DHCPv6 INFORMATION-REQUEST D) DHCPv6 ADVERTISE Answer: C Explanation: Stateless clients use SLAAC for addressing and send DHCPv6 INFORMATION-REQUEST to learn other settings (e.g., DNS).


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A DHCP pool is 10.92.71.0/25. Eight addresses are reserved for servers. How many host addresses remain for DHCP clients? Options: A) 122 B) 118 C) 119 D) 108 Answer: B Explanation: /25 has 126 usable IPs; 126 − 8 = 118.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: The DHCP pool is 192.168.234.0/27. Twenty-two IPs are reserved for IP phones. How many IPs remain for other hosts? Options: A) 10 B) 0 C) 8 D) 21 Answer: C Explanation: /27 provides 30 usable IPs; 30 − 22 = 8.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: The DHCP pool is 172.18.93.0/25. Ten IPs are reserved for web servers. How many IPs remain available for hosts? Options: A) 106 B) 116 C) 114 D) 120 Answer: B Explanation: /25 has 126 usable IPs; 126 − 10 = 116.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A DHCP pool is 10.3.2.0/24. Three IPs are reserved for printers. How many addresses remain for clients? Options: A) 252 B) 241 C) 255 D) 251 Answer: D Explanation: /24 has 254 usable IPs; 254 − 3 = 251.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: The DHCP pool is 172.23.143.0/26. Fourteen IPs are reserved for file servers. How many addresses remain for hosts? Options: A) 58 B) 48 C) 50 D) 61 Answer: B Explanation: /26 provides 62 usable IPs; 62 − 14 = 48.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: The DHCP pool is 10.7.30.0/24. Five IPs are reserved for printers. How many addresses remain for DHCP clients? Options: A) 253 B) 239 C) 249 D) 250 Answer: C Explanation: /24 has 254 usable IPs; 254 − 5 = 249.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: The DHCP pool is 192.168.184.0/26. Eighteen IPs are reserved for access points. How many IPs remain for hosts? Options: A) 57 B) 44 C) 54 D) 36 Answer: B Explanation: /26 has 62 usable IPs; 62 − 18 = 44.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: The DHCP pool is 10.19.44.0/24. Three IPs are reserved for servers. How many IP addresses remain for hosts? Options: A) 255 B) 252 C) 241 D) 251 Answer: D Explanation: /24 has 254 usable IPs; 254 − 3 = 251.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: The DHCP pool is 10.19.44.0/24. Six IPs are reserved for servers. How many IPs remain available for clients? Options: A) 246 B) 252 C) 249 D) 248 Answer: D Explanation: /24 usable = 254; 254 − 6 = 248.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: The DHCP pool is 172.21.121.0/25. Twelve IPs are reserved for web servers. How many addresses remain for hosts? Options: A) 115 B) 114 C) 118 D) 104 Answer: B Explanation: /25 has 126 usable IPs; 126 − 12 = 114.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which Layer 2 attack can prevent legitimate users from receiving valid IP addresses? Options: A) ARP spoofing B) DHCP starvation C) IP address spoofing D) MAC address flooding Answer: B Explanation: DHCP starvation exhausts the DHCP pool, so valid clients cannot obtain leases.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What is the best mitigation for a DoS attack that causes a MAC address table overflow? Options: A) Disable DTP B) Disable STP C) Enable port security D) Place unused ports in an unused VLAN Answer: C Explanation: Port security limits learned MACs and shuts down or restricts the port when thresholds are exceeded, mitigating CAM table overflow attacks.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which authentication method stores usernames and passwords on the router and is ideal for small networks? Options: A) Server-based AAA over TACACS+ B) Local AAA (usernames/passwords stored on the device) C) Server-based AAA D) Local AAA over RADIUS Answer: B Explanation: For small environments, local AAA uses the device’s internal user database; server-based TACACS+/RADIUS requires external servers.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What is a best practice regarding CDP and LLDP on network devices? Options: A) Enable CDP on edge devices and LLDP on interior devices B) Prefer LLDP instead of CDP in all cases C) Use default router settings for CDP/LLDP D) Disable these protocols on interfaces where they are not required Answer: D Explanation: CDP/LLDP can reveal network details; disable them globally or per-interface where not needed, especially on edge ports.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which protocol should replace Telnet for secure remote management of network devices? Options: A) SNMP B) TFTP C) SSH D) SCP Answer: C Explanation: SSH encrypts management sessions; Telnet is cleartext. TFTP/SCP are for file transfer; SNMP is for monitoring.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: How does a switch behave when its MAC address table is full and it receives a frame with an unknown unicast destination? Options: A) Floods all incoming frames to all ports on the switch B) Floods frames to all ports across multiple switches C) Floods frames to all ports within the local VLAN D) Floods frames to all ports within the collision domain Answer: C Explanation: Unknown unicasts (and when the table is full) are flooded within the same VLAN on that switch.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which device is considered the supplicant during the 802.1X authentication process? Options: A) The router that serves as the default gateway B) The authentication server C) The client requesting authentication D) The switch controlling network access Answer: C Explanation: In 802.1X, the client is the supplicant, the switch is the authenticator, and the RADIUS server is the authentication server.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which VLAN-hopping attack can be mitigated by designating an unused VLAN as the native VLAN on trunk ports? Options: A) DHCP spoofing B) DHCP starvation C) VLAN double-tagging D) DTP spoofing Answer: C Explanation: Changing the native VLAN to an unused VLAN limits double-tagging attacks that rely on the native (untagged) VLAN.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A network administrator configures ip arp inspection validate src-mac on a switch. What exactly is validated? Options: A) The source MAC in the Ethernet header against user ARP ACLs B) The source MAC in the Ethernet header against the MAC address table C) The source MAC in the Ethernet header against the sender MAC in the ARP body D) The source MAC in the Ethernet header against the target MAC in the ARP body Answer: C Explanation: The src-mac check verifies that the frame’s Ethernet source MAC matches the ARP packet’s sender MAC field, detecting spoofing.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: After a power outage, switches still retain dynamically learned secure MAC addresses. Which port-security option enables this? Options: A) Auto secure MAC addresses B) Dynamic secure MAC addresses C) Static secure MAC addresses D) Sticky secure MAC addresses Answer: D Explanation: Sticky secure MACs are learned dynamically and written into the running configuration so they persist across reloads.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which type of management frame is regularly broadcast by an access point? Options: A) Authentication B) Probe request C) Probe response D) Beacon Answer: D Explanation: APs periodically transmit beacon frames to announce the WLAN; other management frames occur during association.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A technician sets channel 1, 6, or 11 on a 2.4-GHz router. What is the main reason? Options: A) To enable different 802.11 standards B) To avoid interference from nearby WLANs C) To disable SSID broadcast D) To provide stronger security modes Answer: B Explanation: Channels 1/6/11 are non-overlapping in 2.4 GHz, minimizing adjacent-channel interference.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: At a conference, a laptop shows no available WLANs even though an AP is present. Which AP mode likely causes this? Options: A) Mixed B) Passive C) Active D) Open Answer: C Explanation: In active/closed (hidden SSID) mode the AP does not broadcast the SSID, so networks don’t appear in scans; clients must know the SSID.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: You must support up to ~1.3 Gb/s while keeping backward compatibility. Which standard fits? Options: A) 802.11n B) 802.11ac C) 802.11g D) 802.11b Answer: B Explanation: 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) supports ~1.3 Gb/s and remains backward compatible with earlier 802.11a/b/g/n clients.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What is the first security step to apply when powering up a new wireless router? Options: A) Enable MAC filtering B) Configure WPA2/WPA3 encryption C) Change the default username and password D) Disable SSID broadcast Answer: C Explanation: Replace default credentials immediately; then enable encryption and later add measures like MAC filtering/hidden SSID if desired.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: On a Cisco 3504 WLC dashboard, which option gives access to the full menu of features? Options: A) Access Points B) Network Summary C) Advanced D) Rogues Answer: C Explanation: Selecting Advanced opens the full feature set beyond the basic summary views.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Before creating a new WLAN on a Cisco 3500 series WLC, what must exist? Options: A) A new SSID B) An SNMP server C) A RADIUS server D) A VLAN interface (dynamic interface) Answer: D Explanation: Each WLAN maps to a dynamic interface (VLAN) on the WLC; create the interface first.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Why might creating a 5-GHz-only SSID for streaming improve performance? Options: A) Forcing users to move reduces usage B) 5 GHz has more non-overlapping channels and is typically less congested than 2.4 GHz C) 5 GHz has greater range and zero interference D) Only newer NICs can use 5 GHz Answer: B Explanation: The 5-GHz band offers more channels and less congestion, ideal for high-throughput applications like streaming.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: When configuring a RADIUS server on a Cisco WLC, what is the purpose of the shared secret? Options: A) Authenticate WLAN users B) Encrypt and authenticate user data on the WLAN C) Encrypt/authenticate messages between the WLC and the RADIUS server D) Allow users to access the WLAN Answer: C Explanation: The shared secret secures the control messages between the WLC and RADIUS; it is not entered by end users.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which AAA component is typically based on usernames and passwords? Options: A) 802.1X B) Accounting C) Authentication D) Authorization Answer: C Explanation: Authentication verifies identity (often via username/password); authorization defines permissions; accounting records activity.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which wireless network type is based on IEEE 802.11 and uses 2.4-GHz or 5-GHz bands? Options: A) WMAN B) WWAN C) WLAN D) WPAN Answer: C Explanation: WLANs (Wi-Fi) use 802.11 standards in the 2.4/5-GHz unlicensed spectrum.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A college WLAN requires users to enter credentials that are verified by a server. Which server provides this service? Options: A) AAA B) NAT C) RADIUS D) SNMP Answer: C Explanation: RADIUS centralizes AAA; it validates client credentials presented via 802.1X/EAP before granting access.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A slow WLAN has 802.11b/g clients; a new dual-band 802.11n/ac router is installed. What can improve performance? Options: A) Split traffic between 2.4-GHz (n) and 5-GHz bands B) Update router firmware C) Change the RF channel D) Change the SSID Answer: A Explanation: Using separate 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz bands balances load and reduces contention, boosting throughput for capable clients.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: The handbook forbids microwave ovens in offices and requires using the cafeteria units. Which risk is being reduced? Options: A) Improperly configured devices B) Rogue access points C) Accidental interference D) Interception of data Answer: C Explanation: Microwaves emit 2.4-GHz interference that can disrupt WLANs, effectively a DoS via RF noise.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What function does CAPWAP provide in controller-based WLANs? Options: A) Creates a TCP tunnel for AP configuration B) Encapsulates/forwards WLAN client traffic between an AP and the WLC C) Bridges IPv6 APs to IPv4 clients D) Encrypts all user data traffic end-to-end Answer: B Explanation: CAPWAP defines control/data tunnels (UDP) so APs are centrally managed and client traffic is carried to the WLC.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What is the result of a DHCP starvation attack? Options: A) Attacker injects wrong DNS/default gateway B) IP addresses assigned to legitimate clients are hijacked C) Clients obtain leases from a rogue DHCP server D) Legitimate clients cannot obtain DHCP leases Answer: D Explanation: Starvation consumes all addresses in the DHCP pool with fake requests, denying service to valid clients.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which condition makes a switch vulnerable to VLAN double-tagging attacks? Options: A) Limited CAM table space B) Automatic trunking enabled by default C) The trunk’s native VLAN matches a user VLAN D) Mixed duplex on access ports Answer: C Explanation: Double-tagging abuses the untagged native VLAN; using an unused/native-only VLAN on trunks mitigates the attack.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which AAA component lets administrators track who accessed devices and what changes were made? Options: A) Authentication B) Accounting C) Accessibility D) Authorization Answer: B Explanation: Accounting logs user actions (commands, start/stop times, results) after authentication and authorization.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: An IT security specialist enables port security on a Cisco switch port but does not set a violation mode. What is the default violation action? Options: A) Shutdown B) Disabled C) Restrict D) Protect Answer: A Explanation: If no mode is configured, port security defaults to shutdown, placing the interface in err-disabled on a violation.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What is a practical effect of SSID cloaking (hidden SSID) on clients? Options: A) Clients must manually enter the SSID to join B) It is the most secure WLAN method C) SSIDs are nearly impossible to discover D) It provides free public Internet access Answer: A Explanation: Hiding the SSID removes beacons but offers weak security; clients need the SSID manually and attackers can still discover it.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which wireless security mode requires a RADIUS server to authenticate users? Options: A) Personal B) Shared key C) Enterprise D) WEP Answer: C Explanation: WPA/WPA2/WPA3-Enterprise uses 802.1X with a RADIUS server; Personal uses a pre-shared key.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: After deploying 802.11n, some users report slow Wi-Fi. Which action best improves performance? Options: A) Disable DHCP and use static IPs B) Upgrade AP firmware C) Split traffic across 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands D) Replace slow device NICs Answer: C Explanation: Using separate SSIDs/bands balances clients and reduces contention; firmware updates help but usually less impactful.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which protocol is commonly used to monitor and manage network devices? Options: A) DHCP B) SNMP C) RADIUS D) AAA Answer: B Explanation: SNMP collects device statistics and supports remote monitoring/management.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Laptops on 10.0.10.0/24 can browse the Internet through a wireless router. Which service enables this? Options: A) DHCP B) RADIUS C) DNS D) NAT Answer: D Explanation: NAT translates private RFC1918 addresses to public addresses for Internet reachability.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which wireless router feature prioritizes voice/video over email/web traffic? Options: A) QoS B) DNS C) DHCP D) NAT Answer: A Explanation: QoS classifies and prioritizes time-sensitive traffic such as voice and video.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which access control framework uses the roles supplicant, authenticator, and authentication server? Options: A) Accounting B) Authentication C) Authorization D) 802.1X Answer: D Explanation: 802.1X defines the client (supplicant), the controlling switch/AP (authenticator), and the RADIUS server.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which type of wireless network is suited for national or global communications? Options: A) Wireless metropolitan-area network (WMAN) B) Wireless local-area network (WLAN) C) Wireless personal-area network (WPAN) D) Wireless wide-area network (WWAN) Answer: D Explanation: WWANs provide long-range coverage via cellular or satellite, spanning regions and countries.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which switch behavior most exposes a network to VLAN hopping attacks? Options: A) Mixed duplex on ports B) Limited CAM space C) Mixed port bandwidths D) Automatic trunking enabled by default Answer: D Explanation: Dynamic/auto trunk negotiation (e.g., DTP) can be abused; disable on access ports to prevent VLAN hopping.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which AAA component determines what resources a user may access and which actions are allowed? Options: A) Accounting B) Authentication C) Auditing D) Authorization Answer: D Explanation: Authorization applies policies/privileges after successful authentication.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: An admin wants to split traffic on a dual-band router. What is the simplest method? Options: A) Add a range extender with different bands B) Keep firmware updated C) Use different SSIDs for 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz D) Require all devices to use 802.11n Answer: C Explanation: Assigning separate SSIDs per band makes client steering/segmentation straightforward.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which AAA element controls what a user can do on the network after login? Options: A) Accounting B) 802.1X C) Authorization D) Authentication Answer: C Explanation: Authorization defines permitted commands and resources; accounting records activity.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which wireless network type is designed to cover a city or district? Options: A) Wireless wide-area network (WWAN) B) Wireless personal-area network (WPAN) C) Wireless local-area network (WLAN) D) Wireless metropolitan-area network (WMAN) Answer: D Explanation: WMAN spans a metro area—larger than a WLAN but smaller than a WWAN.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: On a Cisco 3504 WLC Advanced Summary page, which tab lets you configure WLAN security (e.g., WPA2)? Options: A) Management B) Wireless C) WLANs D) Security Answer: C Explanation: WLAN configuration—including security and QoS—is performed under the WLANs tab.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which antenna type is best for large open spaces like hallways or conference rooms? Options: A) Yagi B) Omnidirectional C) Dish D) Directional Answer: B Explanation: Omnidirectional antennas radiate 360°, providing broad coverage around the AP.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What security benefit comes from enabling BPDU Guard on PortFast access ports? Options: A) Prevent buffer overflows B) Prevent rogue switches from being added C) Protect against Layer 2 loops D) Enforce root bridge placement Answer: B Explanation: BPDU Guard err-disables a PortFast port that receives a BPDU, stopping unauthorized switches.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which AAA function logs EXEC sessions and configuration commands issued by a user? Options: A) Authentication B) Authorization C) 802.1X D) Accounting Answer: D Explanation: Accounting records activity (commands, start/stop times) for auditing and tracking.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which wireless network uses transmitters to cover an extensive geographic region? Options: A) Wireless metropolitan-area network B) Wireless local-area network C) Wireless personal-area network D) Wireless wide-area network Answer: D Explanation: WWANs (e.g., cellular) provide very wide coverage across regions or countries.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which component decides who is allowed to access the network (verifies identity)? Options: A) Authorization B) 802.1X C) Accounting D) Authentication Answer: D Explanation: Authentication validates user/device identity; authorization then applies permissions.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which type of wireless network uses low-power transmitters for very short range (≈6–9 meters)? Options: A) Wireless metropolitan-area network (WMAN) B) Wireless personal-area network (WPAN) C) Wireless local-area network (WLAN) D) Wireless wide-area network (WWAN) Answer: B Explanation: WPANs (e.g., Bluetooth, ZigBee) are designed for short-range personal connectivity.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which WLAN topology would you deploy to cover an entire college building with multiple APs? Options: A) Ad hoc B) Hotspot C) Infrastructure D) Mixed mode Answer: C Explanation: Infrastructure mode uses APs connected to a wired backbone to provide building-wide coverage.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which wireless network type provides coverage across a large urban region? Options: A) WWAN B) WPAN C) WMAN D) WLAN Answer: C Explanation: WMAN technologies (e.g., WiMAX) cover cities or districts.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which wireless network type is typically used in homes and offices? Options: A) WWAN B) WPAN C) WLAN D) WMAN Answer: C Explanation: WLANs (IEEE 802.11 at 2.4/5 GHz) are common for home/office access.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which AAA component returns a PASS/FAIL outcome for a login attempt? Options: A) Accounting B) Authentication C) 802.1X D) Authorization Answer: B Explanation: Authentication validates identity and returns success or failure.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which wireless network commonly uses rooftop/building-mounted antennas for coverage? Options: A) WLAN B) WMAN C) WPAN D) WWAN Answer: B Explanation: WMAN deployments often mount antennas on buildings to extend coverage.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: On a switch, what does ip arp inspection validate src-mac verify? Options: A) Ethernet source MAC against ARP ACLs B) Ethernet source MAC against MAC address table C) Ethernet source MAC against ARP sender MAC field D) Ethernet source MAC against ARP target MAC field Answer: C Explanation: The src-mac check ensures the frame’s source MAC matches the ARP sender MAC to detect spoofing.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which AAA component collects and reports session/usage data for billing or auditing? Options: A) Accounting B) Authentication C) Authorization D) 802.1X Answer: A Explanation: Accounting records session statistics and resource consumption.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which wireless network uses AP transmitters to cover a medium-sized area (up to ~300 ft / 91 m)? Options: A) WPAN B) WMAN C) WWAN D) WLAN Answer: D Explanation: WLANs provide building/campus coverage and are based on 802.11.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which AAA component audits what actions users perform on network devices? Options: A) Accounting B) Authorization C) Authentication D) 802.1X Answer: A Explanation: Accounting logs commands, durations, and bytes for audit and billing.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which wireless network type most commonly uses Bluetooth or ZigBee? Options: A) WWAN B) WPAN C) WLAN D) WMAN Answer: B Explanation: Bluetooth and ZigBee are WPAN technologies for short-range links.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which AAA element can be implemented locally on a device or centrally on a server? Options: A) Authorization B) 802.1X C) Accounting D) Authentication Answer: D Explanation: Authentication databases can be local or provided by RADIUS/TACACS+ servers.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which mechanism restricts LAN access on publicly accessible switch ports until credentials are validated? Options: A) 802.1X B) Authorization C) Accounting D) Authentication Answer: A Explanation: IEEE 802.1X enforces port-based access control using a supplicant, authenticator, and RADIUS server.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which are advantages of static routing? (Choose three.) Options: A) Known, predictable path selection B) Lower bandwidth/CPU overhead than dynamic routing C) Scales easily as networks grow D) Increased security because routes are not advertised Answer: ABD Explanation: Static routes use less bandwidth/CPU and take a fixed, known path; they do not scale well without manual updates.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which two are primary functions of dynamic routing protocols? (Choose two.) Options: A) Discover networks and maintain routing tables B) Guarantee minimal router overhead C) Choose best paths automatically D) Hide network information from neighbors Answer: AC Explanation: Dynamic protocols learn/discover networks, keep tables updated, and compute best paths; low overhead and secrecy are not goals.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What happens to a static route when its outgoing interface goes down? Options: A) The static route is removed from the routing table B) The router polls neighbors for a replacement C) The router redirects the route to another interface D) The route remains because it is static Answer: A Explanation: If the exit interface is down, the route is invalid and is withdrawn from the table.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which route will a router use to reach destination 10.1.1.1? Options: A) C 192.168.10.0/30 via G0/1 B) O 10.1.1.0/24 via 192.168.200.2 C) S* 0.0.0.0/0 via 172.16.1.1 D) S 10.1.0.0/16 directly connected Answer: B Explanation: The longest-prefix match to 10.1.1.1 is 10.1.1.0/24 (OSPF), preferred over the broader /16 or default route.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which value represents a route’s trustworthiness when multiple routes to the same destination exist? Options: A) Administrative distance B) Metric C) Outgoing interface D) Routing protocol Answer: A Explanation: Administrative distance ranks the credibility of route sources; lower values are preferred.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: On which two routers is a default static route most appropriately configured? (Choose two.) Options: A) Core router with many equal-cost paths B) Stub router connected to the rest of the network C) Edge router that connects to an ISP D) The gateway of last resort device itself Answer: BC Explanation: Stub and edge/ISP routers forward all unknown traffic to a single next hop; the default route is configured on the sending router.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which IPv6 prefix creates a default static route that matches any destination? Options: A) FFFF::/128 B) ::1/64 C) ::/128 D) ::/0 Answer: D Explanation: The IPv6 default route is ::/0 (all zeros with a zero-length prefix).


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What two pieces of information are needed in a fully specified static route to eliminate recursive lookups? (Choose two.) Options: A) The interface ID of the next-hop neighbor. B) The interface ID exit interface. C) The IP address of the exit interface. D) The IP address of the next-hop neighbor. Answer: B Explanation: A fully specified static route can be used to avoid recursive routing table lookups by the router. A fully specified static route contains both the IP address of the next-hop router and the ID of the exit interface.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A router has used the OSPF protocol to learn a route to the 172.16.32.0/19 network. Which command will implement a backup floating static route to this network? Options: A) ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.224.0 S0/0/0 100 B) ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.240.0 S0/0/0 200 C) ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0 S0/0/0 200 D) ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/0 100 Answer: C Explanation: OSPF has an administrative distance of 110, so the floating static route must have an administrative distance higher than 110. Because the target network is 172.16.32.0/19, that static route must use the network 172.16.32.0 and a netmask of 255.255.224.0.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What are two advantages of static routing over dynamic routing? (Choose two.) Options: A) Static routing is more secure because it does not advertise over the network. B) Static routing scales well with expanding networks. C) Static routing requires very little knowledge of the network for correct implementation. D) Static routing uses fewer router resources than dynamic routing. Answer: A Explanation: Static routing requires a thorough understanding of the entire network for proper implementation. It can be prone to errors and does not scale well for large networks. Static routing uses fewer router resources, because no computing is required for updating routes. Static routing can also be more secure because it does not advertise over the network.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: When an IPv6 static route is configured, it is possible that the same IPv6 link-local address is used for … Options: A) A destination host route with a /128 prefix. B) The “ipv6 unicast-routing” command. C) The next-hop address of two different adjacent routers. D) An administrative distance of 2. Answer: D Explanation: In IPv6 static routing, the same link-local address can be used as the next-hop for two different adjacent routers because link-local addresses are only unique within a single link. Each router treats the link-local address as local to its interface, allowing the same address to appear in static routes pointing to different neighboring routers on different interfaces.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: A network administrator configures the interface fa0/0 on the router R1 with the command ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0. However, when the administrator issues the command show ip route, the routing table does not show the directly connected network. What is the possible cause of the problem? Options: A) The subnet mask is incorrect for the IPv4 address. B) The configuration needs to be saved first. C) The interface fa0/0 has not been activated. D) No packets with a destination network of 172.16.1.0 have been sent to R1. Answer: C Explanation: A directly connected network will be added to the routing table when three conditions are met: (1) the interface is configured with a valid IP address, (2) it is activated with no shutdown command, and (3) it receives a carrier signal from another connected device.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which command will configure a floating static route with an administrative distance of 200 to the network 172.16.32.0/19? Options: A) ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.224.0 S0/0/0 100 B) ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.240.0 S0/0/0 200 C) ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0 S0/0/0 200 D) ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/0 100 Answer: C Explanation: The floating static route must have a higher administrative distance than the dynamically learned OSPF route. Hence, an administrative distance of 200 is used.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: What two parameters are required in a fully specified IPv4 static route to prevent recursive lookups? (Choose two.) Options: A) Exit interface. B) Next-hop IP address. C) Metric. D) Administrative distance. Answer: A, B Explanation: A fully specified static route includes both the next-hop IP address and the exit interface, allowing the router to forward packets directly without recursive lookups.


Instruction: GENERATE MCQ (English): Create 1 multiple-choice question about Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials based on the text in the 'question' column. Provide exactly 4 options (A–D). Fill 'correct_answer' with the option letter(s) that are correct (multiple letters allowed if multi-answer) and write a concise 'explanation' (1–3 sentences). Target moderate difficulty—require understanding of configurations/commands or multi-select when appropriate. Ensure technical accuracy and avoid ambiguous options.

Output: Question: Which issue prevents a router from showing a directly connected network in the routing table after configuration? Options: A) Interface shutdown. B) No ping response. C) Wrong subnet mask. D) Incorrect routing protocol. Answer: A Explanation: If an interface is configured but not activated with the no shutdown command, the router does not include it as a directly connected route in the routing table.