Premise: Mention is a common rhetorical method in ancient Chinese. In order to make the sentence compact and concise, combine the content that should have been expressed in two phrases or sentences into one phrase or sentence. When merging, the same elements are put together so that there is a separate relationship between the front and back parts of a phrase or sentence.

Hypothesis: Song of everlasting regret: the moonlight is always sad and resentful when I see the moonlight in the palace, and I hear the sad music of the rain bell in the rain at night does not use the rhetorical devices of the mention according to the above definition.


Premise: Garden refers to an area with beautiful environment and for people to enjoy and rest by using engineering technology and artistic means in a certain area, through the transformation of terrain, planting trees, flowers and plants, building buildings and arranging garden roads

Hypothesis: In order to beautify the environment, a corridor was built with stone in a residential area, and flowers and plants were planted on both sides of the corridor to form a green corridor with various functions such as playing, gathering and so on belongs to Garden according to the above definition.


Premise: The scientific community recently discovered a alpha anthropomorphic virus that can live in beta amoeba. beta amoeba parasitic by the virus releases a stimulus in the mammal that causes the animal's respiratory system to react violently and in severe cases, causes breathing difficulties. Alpha anthropomorphic virus can be found in animals with symptoms of breathing difficulties.

Hypothesis: In mammals, amoebas cause a violent reaction in the respiratory system can be inferred.


Premise: James: Many people claim that the voting public is unable to evaluate complex campaign issues. The television commercials for Reade in the national campaign, however, discuss complex campaign issues, and Reade is, at present, more popular than any other candidate. Maria: Yes, Reade is the most popular. However, you are incorrect in claiming that this is because of Reade' s discussion of complex campaign issues. Reade simply strikes the voters as the most competent and trustworthy candidate.

Hypothesis: Polling data show that most voters cannot identify Reade's positions on campaign issues most supports Maria's counter to James.


Premise: According to the different effects of the ability compensation method on the overall effect of the ability system, the mutual compensation between abilities can be divided into two types: unbalanced compensation and balanced compensation. Unbalanced compensation refers to the use of superior abilities to compensate for weak abilities, thereby strengthening the overall ability. Balanced compensation refers to the way to strengthen the overall ability by improving the weak ability.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, unbalanced compensation is when Xiao Zhang first came to the car repair shop, he only knew a little about the technology of repairing the engine. Later, under the leadership of the master, he studied diligently and finally mastered the technology.


Premise: Essayist: Human history is filled with the longing for eternal youth and immortality. Yet aging and death are normal and inevitable, indeed even desirable. Just imagine the ethical, social, and economic consequences that would result if it ever became possible to prevent them.

Hypothesis: The statement 'human history is filled with the longing for eternal youth and immortality' introduces the subject of the argument, but plays no logical role in establishing the main conclusion.


Premise: A certain group company has six departments: production department, sales department, R & D department, personnel department, finance department and legal department. There are six office buildings from front to back: Wu ,Ji, Geng , Xin , Ren  and Gui . Each department has a building, and the arrangement of each department meets the following requirements: (1) the sales department is in front of the finance department and the production department. (2) the personnel department is immediately after the R & D department or the production department; (3) the legal department is followed by the R & D department or the sales department.

Hypothesis: The office buildings of the Legal Department, R & D Department, Sales Department, Finance Department, Production Department, and Personnel Department are arranged from front to back.


Premise: There are four people living in a hotel with different occupations and nationalities. They come from Britain, France, Germany and the United States. It is known that the Germans are doctors, the Americans are policemen and the youngest. C is older than the Germans. B is a judge and a friend of the British. D has never studied medicine.

Hypothesis: C comes from Britain.


Premise: Ancient Chinese has perfect educational programs in primary and secondary schools and universities in China, but art and other non-literature majors lack the necessary qualitative requirements when they reach the master's degree stage. Although some colleges and universities continue to carry out ancient Chinese teaching, it is only an elective course, while foreign language courses run through in the form of compulsory courses from childhood to master's and doctoral students. The imbalance of curriculum leads to a serious imbalance between foreign language and ancient Chinese teaching, which leads to the edge of ancient Chinese teaching.

Hypothesis: The point of view of this passage is that Chinese teaching should be included in art courses as an elective course.


Premise: Mencius once said this sentence in Gao Zi Shang: Reason and righteousness please my heart, and meat please my mouth. This statement is truthful, exquisite, and quite enlightening. The practice of life has also been told time and time again. We, all the reason that fits my heart, always explain the profound things in a simple way. For example, chu huan means that delicacies such as beef and mutton fits my taste. maybe the speaker is sincere, but the listener doesn't care, or the speaker is hoarse and the listener is sleepy. After all, the appeal does not depend on the high voice, let alone the power of the microphone, but should be as dazzling, eye-catching, beautiful and enlightening as the peacock opens the screen.

Hypothesis: The emphasis of this text is that only true reason can make people truly believe.


Premise: Speculation is the purchase of goods for later sale (or temporary sale) in order to profit from changes in their prices.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, Lao Yang buying 2000 shares at the price of 10.03 yuan and selling them at the price of 11.00 yuan is speculation.


Premise: Terrorism aims to instill fear in the target population, disrupting all daily activities and forcing an irrational backlash. More people die in car accidents in a day than terrorists have killed in two decades. Our country spends more money on fighting terrorism than any other single initiative, including healthcare. As such, our country should. . .

Hypothesis: Spending money in proportion to terrorism's threat most logically completes the argument.


Premise: Zoologist: Every domesticated large mammal species now in existence was domesticated thousands of years ago. Since those days, people undoubtedly tried innumerable times to domesticate each of the wild large mammal species that seemed worth domesticating. Clearly, ttherefore, most wild large mammal species in existence today either would be difficult to domesticate or would not be worth domesticating.

Hypothesis: The zoologist's argument requires the assumption that in spite of the difficulties encountered, at one time or another people have tried to domesticate each wild large mammal species.


Premise: Counselor: Those who believe that criticism should be gentle rather than harsh should consider the following: change requires a motive, and criticism that is unpleasant provides a motive. Since harsh criticism is unpleasant, harsh criticism provides a motive. Ttherefore, only harsh criticism will cause the person criticized to change.

Hypothesis: The reasoning in the counselor's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument infers that something that is sufficient to provide a motive is necessary to provide a motive.


Premise: Cicero in ancient Rome once said, elegance and beauty cannot be separated from health. Lorenzo Barra, a humanist of the Italian Renaissance, stressed that health is a precious quality, a gift of the body and a gift of nature.many healthy people are not beautiful, but no beautiful person is unhealthy, he wrote.

Hypothesis: The statement "Some healthy people are beautiful" cannot be inferred from Loren Barra's argument.


Premise: Caterpillars of all species produce an identical hormone called juvenile hormone that maintains feeding behavior. Only when a caterpillar has grown to the right size for pupation to take place does a special enzyme halt the production of juvenile hormone. This enzyme can be synthesized and will, on being ingested by immature caterpillars, kill them by stopping them from feeding.

Hypothesis: Many agriculturally beneficial insects go through a caterpillar stage most strongly supports the view that it would NOT be advisable to try to eradicate agricultural pests that go through a caterpillar stage by spraying croplands with the enzyme mentioned above.


Premise: This is a typical gully area on the Loess Plateau, where soil erosion is very serious; the land is barren and has nine droughts in ten years. Despite the good policies of the state, some people have embarked on the road to prosperity, but many farmers are still struggling on the poverty line.

Hypothesis: The harsh natural environment is a major obstacle to the prosperity of local people is mainly explained in this passage.


Premise: Information industry refers to the group of related industries directly related to the production, circulation, distribution and consumption of information industry and information services in national economic activities.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, a company that trains enterprise information managers for social compensation is not the information industry.


Premise: 2 million-1 million years ago, during the evolution from apes to modern Homo sapiens, the brains of our ancestors evolved to support cooperation to support hunting. This made the memory and thinking centers in the prefrontal cortex of human ancestors more developed than those of other primates. As groups become more powerful than individuals, and the brain evolves the ability to manage larger groups, competition between groups becomes more important than competition between individuals, and groups with more cooperative individuals develop better. This evolution has led to the development of altruistic consciousness, ethics, conscience and dignity.

Hypothesis: The main content of this text is the evolution of the brain in group life can inspire virtue.


Premise: A recent study confirms that nutritious breakfasts make workers more productive. For one month, workers at Plant A received free nutritious breakfasts every day before work, while workers in Plant B did not. The productivity of Plant A' s workers increased, while that of Plant B' s workers did not.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Few workers in Plant B consumed nutritious breakfasts during the month of the study' most strengthens the argument.


Premise: That Shakespeare' s The Winter s Tale ( 1610-1611) is modeled after Euripides' Alcestis (fifth century B. C. ) seems undeniable. However, it is generally accepted that Shakespeare knew little or no Greek, so Euripides' original play would be an unlikely source. Thus, it seems most likely that Shakespeare came to know Euripides' play through a Latin translation.

Hypothesis: Latin phrases that were widely used in England during Shakespeare's time appear in a number of his plays LEAST strengthens the argument.


Premise: Objectively speaking, in order to realize self-driving, it is far from enough to rely on the upgrading of the car itself, and it is also necessary to upgrade the urban road to intelligent management so as to achieve the linkage between the car and the urban transportation system. Cars can have more eyes to observe the surrounding road conditions and discover potential dangers. However, in the current technology and environment is not perfect, driverless cars can not be as accurate as the human brain, can not rush on the road. This is also what self-driving developers should pay attention to. Research and development should be thoughtful rather than radical. After all, whether self-driving can cope with a complex road environment must be tested by a road test.

Hypothesis: The safety is the first principle in the application of autopilot technology is the content that this text is meant to emphasize.


Premise: In the past 10 years, the number of criminal cases in area A has increased by 200%, but the number of criminal cases in area B has increased by 500%. Therefore, the current number of criminal cases in area B is higher than that in area A.

Hypothesis: Ten years ago, the number of criminal cases in area B was 50% of the number of criminal cases in area A can weaken the above proposition most.


Premise: According to media reports, a university has officially dismissed 54 professors and associate professors, and rejoiced in the so-called dismissal of professors. The reason is that China's essentially lifelong professor system is like a pot of rice. On the one hand, it leads to a large number of redundant staff in colleges and universities, and on the other hand, it makes professors reluctant to make progress and inhibit competition and innovation.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Professors should be the masters of the University. Dismissal of professors is not conducive to the academic development of the University' can effectively question the above measures.


Premise: Computer manufacturers and retailers tell us that the complexity involved in connecting the various components of personal computers is not a widespread obstacle to their use, but this is wrong. Customers who install accessories to their personal computers have to take full responsibility for the setting of jumpers and switches to satisfy mysterious specifications. Many accessories require extra software that can cause other accessories to stop working; adding a modem, for instance, may disable a printer.

Hypothesis: Computer manufacturers rarely take into account ease of installation when they are designing programs or accessories most seriously weakens the argument.


Premise: For years scientists have been scanning the skies in the hope of finding life on other planets. But in spite of the ever-increasing sophistication of the equipment they employ, some of it costing hundreds of millions of dollars, not the first shred of evidence of such life has been forthcoming. And there is no reason to think that these scientists will be anymore successful in the future, no matter how much money is invested in the search. The dream of finding extraterrestrial life is destined to remain a dream, as science' s experience up to this point should indicate.

Hypothesis: The main point of the argument is that only if scientists had already found evidence of life on other planets would continued search be justified.


Premise: Aerobics instructor: Compared to many forms of exercise, kickboxing aerobics is highly risky. Overextending when kicking often leads to hip, knee, or lower-back injuries. Such overextension is very likely to occur when beginners try to match the high kicks of more skilled practitioners.

Hypothesis: To reduce the risk of injuries, beginners at kickboxing aerobics should avoid trying to match the high kicks of more skilled practitioners is most strongly supported by the aerobics instructor's statements.


Premise: Dietitian: Eating fish can lower one' s cholesterol level. In a study of cholesterol levels and diet, two groups were studied. The first group ate a balanced diet including two servings of fish per week. The second group ate a very similar diet, but ate no fish. The first group showed lower cholesterol levels, on average, than the second group. The two groups had displayed similar average cholesterol levels prior to the study.

Hypothesis: The claim that the two groups had displayed similar average cholesterol levels prior to the study most accurately describes the role played in the dietitian's argument by the claim that it rules out an alternative explanation of the data collected in the study.


Premise: Contract: It is an agreement between the parties to establish, modify, and terminate civil relations. A contract established in accordance with the law is protected by law. The establishment of a contract must follow two principles: 1. the principle of legality; 2. the principle of equality and mutual benefit, consensus, and equal compensation.

Hypothesis: Before committing the crime, two thieves made a life-and-death agreement. Once one of the two persons is caught, the second person must never be confessed is not part of a contract according to the above definition.


Premise: Sociologist: Some economists hold that unregulated markets should accompany democratic sovereignty because they let people vote with their money. But this view ignores the crucial distinction between the private consumer and the public citizen. In the marketplace the question is, What do I want?  At the voting booth the question is always, What do we want?  Hence, supporters of political democracy can also support marketplace regulation.

Hypothesis: Opposition to unregulated markets is consistent with support for democracy is the conclusion drawn by the sociologist.


Premise: Geneticist: Billions of dollars are spent each year on high-profile experiments that attempt to link particular human genes with particular personality traits. Though such experiments seem to promise a new understanding of human nature, they have few practical consequences. Meanwhile, more mundane and practical genetic projects -- for example, those that look for natural ways to make edible plants hardier or more nutritious -- are grossly underfunded. Thus, funding for human gene research should be reduced while funding for other genetic research should be increased.

Hypothesis: The principle 'Experiments that have modest but practical goals are more worthwhile than those that have impressive goals but few practical consequences' most helps to justify the geneticist's reasoning, if valid.


Premise: Gamification management: refers to the management behavior of using scoring, ranking, competition and other elements in the game in a scene that is not a game. Its use in the work environment can often increase the emotional investment of employees, thereby improving efficiency.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, hiring new management is a game management behavior.


Premise: In an electoral society, every politician has to pander to the voters in order to get elected. Cheng Bian was a super politician who wanted to be elected. So he will try his best to pander to voters. In many cases, you can't pander to voters without writing a lot of lip service. In fact, Cheng Bian was elected.

Hypothesis: Mr Cheng must have made a lot of empty promises to voters is the best conclusion that can be deduced from the question.


Premise: In a democratic society, when a political interest group exceeds a certain size, the diverse and sometimes conflicting economic interests that can be found in almost any large group of people tend to surface. Once these conflicting interests have surfaced, they can make it impossible for the political interest group to unite behind a common program. Yet to have the political impact necessary to influence legislation, a group must be united.

Hypothesis: The statement 'A political interest group can become ineffective by expanding to include as wide a membership as possible' is most strongly supported by the statements above.


Premise: In the era of mobile reading, the influence of self-media cannot be underestimated. Due to its wider communication paths and distribution channels, it has received a high degree of public attention, and self-media people have a certain right to speak. Compared with traditional media organizations, some self-media people are indeed not inferior, and their credibility has brought them benefits. However, credibility is a double-edged sword. We-media people must not only see the interests behind the traffic, but also recognize the negative effects of abusing their credibility. Miscalculated. The consequences of abusing the right to speak will directly affect the credibility that you have built up so hard, and you will lose the support and attention of the public.

Hypothesis: The emphasis of the text is that self-media people should seek public support.


Premise: The top 50 centimeters of soil on Tiliga Island contain bones from the native birds eaten by the islanders since the first human immigration to the island 3, 000 years ago. A comparison of this top layer with the underlying 150 centimeters of soil -- accumulated over 80, 000 years -- reveals that before humans arrived on Tiliga, a much larger and more diverse population of birds lived there. Thus, the arrival of humans dramatically decreased the population and diversity of birds on Tiliga.

Hypothesis: The arrival of a species of microbe, carried by some birds but deadly to many others, immediately preceded the first human immigration to Tiliga most seriously weakens the argument.


Premise: On December 2, 2008 CCTV news broadcast broadcast about the content of the shanzhai phenomena, fifty percent of netizens watch shanzhai. shanzhai wind in the folk popular for a long time, and is characterized with grassroots innovation, wisdom of crowds, it is imitation and beyond on the trail of running all the way, finally broke into the mainstream culture field of vision. It started out as a lower-end consumer, but slowly moved beyond lower-income consumers to become a mass fad.

Hypothesis: The main point of written expression is on shanzhai pop culture meaning of interpretation.


Premise: Advertisement: Hypnosis videos work to alter behavior by subliminally directing the subconscious to act in certain ways. Directions to the subconscious must, however, be repeated many times in order to be effective. Hypnosis videos from Mesmosis, Inc. induce a hypnotic stale and then issue an initial command to the subject' s subconscious to experience each subsequent instruction as if it had been repeated 1, 000 times. Because of the initial instruction, the subsequent instructions on Mesmosis videos are extremely effective -- it is as if they had actually been repeated 1, 000 times!

Hypothesis: The advertisement's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it overlooks a requirement that it states for the effectiveness of directions to the subconscious.


Premise: Problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an annual per capita economic output of $4, 000 to $5, 000, and less severe for considerably poorer and considerably richer countries. This is so because pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country' s industrial development but then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems. Ttherefore, problems caused by such leaching in Country X, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5, 000, should begin to diminish in the next few years.

Hypothesis: Industrial development in Country X will increase in the next few years is an assumption on which the argument depends.


Premise: Technological innovation is a complete process from the generation of new products or processes to market application. It includes a series of activities from the generation of new ideas, research, development, commercial production to promotion; From commercial production to promotion, it is the process of promoting the creation of brand intellectual property rights.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, the iron and steel company building an ultra-thin tropical production line belongs to technological innovation.


Premise: Many athletes inhale pure oxygen after exercise in an attempt to increase muscular reabsorption of oxygen. Measured continuously after exercise, however, the blood lactate levels of athletes who inhale pure oxygen are practically identical, on average, to those of athletes who breathe normal air. The lower the blood lactate level is, the higher the muscular reabsorption of oxygen is.

Hypothesis: If the statements above are all true, they most strongly support the conclusion that athletes' muscular reabsorption of oxygen is not increased when they inhale pure oxygen instead of normal air.


Premise: Leader refers to an individual or group with certain power and status, in order to achieve a predetermined organizational goal, through its own role, guide and influence others or organizations, and complete the behavioral process of predetermined tasks under certain conditions.

Hypothesis: Scientists study biological systems, engineering automatic control technology, and communication network systems is not a leader.


Premise: In recent years, the number of Sichuan restaurants in big cities in China is increasing. This shows that more people choose to go to restaurants instead of entertaining guests at home.

Hypothesis: A new restaurant will open only when there is no room in the existing restaurant must be true in order for the above conclusion to be true.


Premise: If the winner of a promotional contest is selected by a lottery, the lottery must be fair, giving all entrants an equal chance of winning. Since 90 percent of the winners selected by the lottery in a recent promotional contest submitted their entry forms within the first 2 days of the 30-day registration period, it is clear that this lottery did not meet the fairness requirement.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The contest entry forms were submitted at a consistent rate throughout the registration period' most strengthens the argument.


Premise: Traditional Chinese painting pays attention to knowing the white and keeping the black, which means that the black is the painting and the white is the blank. The blank  left on the picture should be valued as much as the image of the painting. In other words, the blank  should be reasonable and conform to the composition rules. The most taboo is the same size and shape of the blank, the most taboo is the blank like round, square, the most taboo is the blank scattered like stars. Good blanks are large and small, are irregular triangles and the blanks left are complete and unified.

Hypothesis: The composition principle of traditional Chinese painting is intended to be explained in this passage.


Premise: When mercury-vapor streetlights are used in areas inhabited by insect-eating bats, the bats feed almost exclusively around the lights, because the lights attract flying insects. In Greenville, the mercury-vapor streetlights are about to be replaced with energy-saving sodium streetlights, which do not attract insects. This change is likely to result in a drop in the population of insect-eating bats in Greenville, since __

Hypothesis: Bats use echolocation to catch insects and therefore gain no advantage from the fact that insects flying in the vicinity of streetlights are visible at night most logically completes the argument.


Premise: After the long-distance running results of the Games were announced, Xiao Zhang said: I am in the top five, Xiao Xia's position is not good, Xiao Wang is the last to cross the finish line. Xiao Xia said: my long-distance running results have always been at this level, and I followed Xiao Wang across the finish line. Xiao Wang said, both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Xia have better grades than me. At most one in three people tells lies.

Hypothesis: Xiao Zhang told a lie can be concluded based on the information provided.


Premise: Between 1951 and 1963, it was illegal in the country 25. of Geronia to manufacture, sell, or transport any alcoholic beverages. Despite this prohibition, however, the death rate from diseases related to excessive alcohol consumption was higher during the first five years of the period than it was during the five years prior to 1951. Ttherefore, the attempt to prevent alcohol use merely made people want and use alcohol more than they would have if it had not been forbidden.

Hypothesis: Many who died of alcohol-related diseases between 1951 and 1963 consumed illegally imported alcoholic beverages produced by the same methods as those used within Geronia does not weaken the argument.


Premise: With the implementation of the two-child policy, breastfeeding has increasingly become an unavoidable topic for young women in the process of giving birth. Medical experts recommend exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life, and parents want to provide the best nutrition for their children. However, statistics show that in recent years, the exclusive breastfeeding rate of infants aged 0 to 6 months in China is obviously on the low side. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of infants within 6 months is 30% in rural areas and only 16% in cities.

Hypothesis: Working women often fall into the dilemma of breastfeeding due to high work pressure and impermissible working environment does not explain the above statistics.


Premise: Why are you always unhappy? Because of your lack of faith, your life has lost its direction. You have lost the means to control happiness. As a result, many people choose unhappiness in happiness. At the same time, without faith, it is easy to build values on some external things, even compare with each other, look up to the success of others and feel humble; Look up to the happiness of others, lament your own misfortune, compare the success of others, and resent your own disappointment; Compare the happiness of others and magnify your own pain

Hypothesis: If you don't base your values on some external things, it means you have faith can be deduced if the above statement is true.


Premise: Journalist: Until recently, doctors enjoyed high status in Canada. Although once admired as altruistic, in the last few decades doctors have fallen in public esteem. While it is acknowledged that doctors are indispensable, they are seen by critics as always wanting higher fees from the provincial governments, and even shielding incompetence in some cases, thereby being more dedicated to self-interest than the public interest.

Hypothesis: Doctors in Canada are perceived by critics as not being sufficiently devoted to the interest of others is most supported by the journalist's statements.


Premise: The specific stage of social development defines the corresponding social culture, the specific social culture determines the corresponding wealth culture, and the specific wealth culture determines the corresponding concept of wealth. Only when the concept of wealth taken from the people and used by the people has become the more common social judgment and pursuit of the value of wealth, only those entrepreneurs who really understand and identify with the wealth philosophy of even if they run out of money will start all over again and are keen on philanthropy will emerge in large numbers.

Hypothesis: The main point of view supported by this passage is that the blowout of philanthropists requires corresponding wealth and culture.


Premise: Municipal legislator: The mayor proposes that the city accept a lighting company' s gift of several high-tech streetlights. Surely there would be no problem in accepting these despite some people' s fear that the company wants to influence the city' s decision regarding park lighting contracts. The only ulterior motive I can find is the company' s desire to have its products seen by mayors who will visit the city for an upcoming convention. In any case, favoritism in city contracts is prevented by our competitive-bidding procedure.

Hypothesis: The main conclusion of the municipal legislator's argument is that some people's fear that the company wants to influence the city's decision regarding park lighting contracts is unfounded.


Premise: Inheritance refers to the personal property left by the decedent at the time of death and other property rights and interests that can be inherited by law. According to the relevant provisions of the inheritance Law of our country, the estate must conform to three characteristics: it must be the estate left by the citizen at the time of death; it must be all the property of the citizen; it must be legitimate property.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, after Zhang's death, the common property of his husband and wife is not all Zhang's legacy is correct.


Premise: As a visual symbol of mass communication, a trademark must have a specific meaning and clearly convey its specific information in a concise image. Therefore, a trademark with only image beauty but no rich connotation can not be called a sign, which is only a pattern or graphic. At the same time, we must also understand that, Every enterprise must have many characteristics. It is impossible to try to cover all information with one image, and it is also undesirable to try to accommodate all characteristics in a trademark. This requires designers to refine the unique attributes of the object through analysis and screening, so as to perfectly integrate it with the visual image, so as to create a brand-new and clearly indicative symbol.

Hypothesis: The paragraph is intended to illustrate that trademark should be the perfect unity of image and connotation.


Premise: In the past, the shaping of our peasant image formed two habitual modes: one is to tell positively how the protagonist turns an enemy into a friend by means of humiliation, self-sacrifice or good character in the binary opposition between reform and conservatism or between advanced and backward, winning the trust of the villagers and making progress in the reform; the other is to resolve the contradiction through a series of skit or comic stories of the protagonist and maintain its attraction to the audience. The aesthetic consequence of these two habitual models is that the image of farmers has become an almost immutable symbol, lacking in richness and attractiveness and there is a huge gap between peasant image and real life. This model is a flattening of reality itself.

Hypothesis: The most likely content of this passage is the change in the image of farmers now.


Premise: Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow-up x-rays because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. When a number of follow-up x-rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Ttherefore, it is a waste of money to order follow-up x-rays of ankle fracture initially judged stable.

Hypothesis: X-rays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed, which most strengthens the argument.


Premise: A new medical technology can be used clinically only if it is effective and safe. In 1998, American scientists successfully made human embryonic stem cells grow and proliferate in vitro. if this stem cell technology is combined with cloning technology, the necessary tissue cells can be cultured from patients' somatic cells to replace patients' damaged cells. to treat a variety of difficult diseases, this is the so-called therapeutic cloning. But now therapeutic cloning is still a long way from clinical use.

Hypothesis: At present, scientists are far from understanding the mechanism by which human embryonic stem cells differentiate into various cells and how to prevent them from turning into cancer cells, if true, will give the above conclusion the strongest support.


Premise: Scientists hypothesize that a particular type of fat known as P-fat is required for the development of eyesight. Researchers were led to this hypothesis by observing that babies who are fed formulas low in P-fat tend to have worse eyesight than babies fed mother' s milk, which is high in P-fat. It has also been shown that babies that are five to six weeks premature tend to have worse eyesight than babies carried to term.

Hypothesis: The statement 'A fetus typically receives high levels of P-fat from the mother during only the last four weeks of pregnancy' most supports the scientists' hypothesis.


Premise: Although it is unwise to take a developmental view of an art like music -- as if Beethoven were an advance over Josquin, or Miles Davis an advance over Louis Armstrong -- there are ways in which it makes sense to talk about musical knowledge growing over time. We certainly know more about certain sounds than was known five centuries ago; that is, we understand how sounds that earlier composers avoided can be used effectively in musical compositions. For example, we now know how the interval of the third, which is considered dissonant, can be used in compositions to create consonant musical phrases.

Hypothesis: The main conclusion of the argument is that sounds that were never used in past musical compositions are used today.


Premise: When talking about French literature in the eyes of the Chinese people, the French can't help but say in a contemptuous tone: you like the camellia girl. in the eyes of the French, it's still some taste to like Dumas. After all, he has a count of Monte Cristo and three musketeers. What does Dumas have? It's just a social flower. French literature is the pride of the French and plays an important role in world literature. It's obviously disrespect for French literature to only like the camellia girl. It became popular in China almost a hundred years ago. At that time, it was the failure of the reform movement of 1898, people were depressed and the road of improvement was not feasible, We have to make do with random novels. The birth of Camellia girl in China is at the right time.

Hypothesis: The popularity of Camellia girl in China has a certain social background is this passage intended to explain.


Premise: Copernicus's heliocentric theory contradicted the religious thoughts of the time, the dominant Aristotelian physics, and people's common sense. At first it was opposed by many people until Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation. It was gradually recognized by astronomers.

Hypothesis: The religious thoughts of the time regarded the sun as sacred cannot be derived from this.


Premise: Cezanne' s art inspired the next generation of artists, twentieth-century modernist creators of abstract art. While most experts rank Cezanne as an early modernist, a small few reject this idea. Fran^oise Cachin, for example, bluntly states that such an ascription is overplayed,  and says that Cezanne' s work is too often observed from a modern point of view.

Hypothesis: Cezanne's work helped to develop modernism is most strongly supported by the information above.


Premise: Burning mugwort leaves at night to repel mosquitoes was an important cause of house fires in Longquan Mountain area. In recent years, though, the use of mugwort leaves to repel mosquitoes has decreased significantly. However, the number of deaths caused by home fires has not decreased.

Hypothesis: Fires caused by burning mugwort leaves at night usually start after family members fall asleep cannot explain the above condition.


Premise: Bureaucratic mechanisms are engineered to resist change. Thus, despite growing dissatisfaction with complex bureaucratic systems, it is unlikely that bureaucracies will be simplified.

Hypothesis: The claim that bureaucratic mechanisms are engineered to resist change is a conclusion for which the claim that bureaucracies are unlikely to be simplified is offered as support.


Premise: Rational expectation means that if people are rational when anticipating an economic phenomenon, they will make full use of the information they get to take action without making systematic mistakes.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, Lao Qin's stock operation is an example of rational expectation.


Premise: Critical thinking in Business, a core subject at the University of Sydney's business school, was taken by 1200 students in the final exam, but more than 400 failed, 80 percent of whom were Chinese students. The University of Sydney explained: Chinese students lack critical thinking and are not good at English.The student's representative L complained: The level of English for the students admitted by the school is recognized by the school, and the entrance examination required IELTS to be 7, and we have all reached this level.

Hypothesis: The assumption that student representative L's complaint depends on is that the school may have unfair discrimination in assessing the scores of Chinese students.


Premise: Psychosomatic diseases refer to physical diseases in which psychosocial factors are the main reason or triggers involved in the onset of disease.

Hypothesis: Lao Zhang is always competitive and has a bad temper. Whenever something goes wrong, he has to use antihypertensive drugs to control his blood pressure is a psychosomatic disease.


Premise: Unjust enrichment: gain without legal or contractual basis at the expense of others. Among them, the beneficiary is the debtor and has the obligation to return the unjust enrichment. The injured person is the creditor and has the right to request the beneficiary to return the undeserved gain.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, Xiao Zhang winning 200 yuan during the Spring Festival by playing mahjong with relatives at home is unjust enrichment.


Premise: The shoe factory in Centerville is the town' s largest firm, and it employs more unskilled workers on a full-time basis than all of the other businesses in town combined. Ttherefore, if the shoe factory closes down and ceases all operations, more than half of Centerville' s residents who are unskilled workers with full-time jobs in Centerville will lose their jobs.

Hypothesis: The conclusion above logically follows from the premises if the assumption that the shoe factory in Centerville employs no one who is not a resident of Centerville is made.


Premise: The market gap maker strategy refers to the relatively weak enterprises in the industry, in order to avoid head-on conflicts with powerful enterprises in the competition, choose unsatisfied market segments and provide special products or services to market segments in order to seek survival and development.

Hypothesis: A small clothing manufacturer incorporated the popular elements in this year's market into the design to produce women's wear with high quality and low price belongs to the market gap strategy according to the above definition.


Premise: On the Discount Phoneline, any domestic long-distance call starting between 9 A. M. and 5 P. M. costs 15 cents a minute, and any other domestic long-distance call costs 10 cents a minute. So any domestic long-distance call on the Discount Phoneline that does not cost 10 cents a minute costs 15 cents a minute.

Hypothesis: The pattern of reasoning in the argument 'If a university class involves extensive lab work, the class will be conducted in a laboratory; otherwise, it will be conducted in a normal classroom. Thus, if a university class is not conducted in a normal classroom, it will be conducted in a laboratory' is similar to the pattern of reasoning in the argument above.


Premise: Critic: It is common to argue that there is a distinction between literary and genre fiction. The first should be interpreted, so this argument goes, while the second is merely a source of easy pleasure. But this is a specious distinction -- not because every work should be interpreted, but because no work should be. When we evaluate a work principally for its themes and ideas, we cut ourselves off from the work' s emotional impact.

Hypothesis: It is offered as support for the conclusion that when we evaluate a work principally for its themes and ideas, we cut ourselves off from the work's emotional impact.


Premise: Power hint refers to the influence on external members of the organization based on position, business ability, and personality charm.

Hypothesis: Director Li of the Bureau of Education has studied the professional development of teachers for a long time, but his relatives and friends often turn to him for advice on the education of their children is not a power hint.


Premise: Dillworth: More and more people are deciding not to have children because of the personal and economic sacrifices children require and because so often children are ungrateful for the considerable sacrifices their parents do make for them. However, such considerations have no bearing on the fact that their children provide the best chance most people have of ensuring that their values live on after them. Ttherefore, for anyone with deeply held values, foregoing parenthood out of reluctance to make sacrifices for which little gratitude can be expected would probably be a mistake. Travers: Your reasoning ignores another fact that deserves consideration: children' s ingratitude for parental sacrifices usually stems from a wholesale rejection of parental values.

Hypothesis: Dillworth employs the argumentative strategy of distinguishing a category of person for whom the reason presented in favor of a given course of action is more telling than the reasons cited against that course of action.


Premise: In an experiment, tennis players who were told that their performance would be used to assess only the quality of their rackets performed much better than an equally skilled group of tennis players who were told that their tennis-playing talent would be measured.

Hypothesis: The situation described above most closely conforms to the proposition that people execute a task more proficiently when they do not believe their abilities are being judged.


Premise: Xiao Zhou, Xiao Wu, Xiao Deng and Xiao Wang's occupations are: dancers, nurses, teachers and costume designers. I also know that Xiao Zhou's salary is higher than nurses, and Xiao Zheng's salary is lower than Xiao Wu's, dancers. The salary is lower than that of a costume designer, and the costume designer is either Xiao Zheng or Xiao Wang.

Hypothesis: Based on the above statement, it is true that only three people's occupations can be determined.


Premise: The fact that the Chinese women's volleyball team won the championship in the Athens Olympic Games makes us realise many truths. For example, failure must not be accepted when it has not determined. When there is still a faint hope of victory, try your best to win! Otherwise, you are not real strong.

Hypothesis: A truly strong man never accepts failure can be deduced from the above.


Premise: The size of northern fur seals provides a reliable indication of their population levels -- the smaller the average body size of seals in a population, the larger the population. Archaeologists studied seal fossils covering an 800-year period when the seals were hunted for food by Native peoples in North America and found that the average body size of the seals did not vary significantly.

Hypothesis: The statements above, if true, provide the most support for the claim that hunting by Native peoples in North America did not significantly reduce the northern fur seal population over the 800-year period studied.


Premise: Value self-identifications means that people often overestimate the value of their actions and obtain happiness and beauty from it.

Hypothesis: After Mr. Xie's famous song became popular overnight, he soon entered the film and television industry and appeared in many TV series. Although the audience response was mediocre, he has always been confident in his acting skills is value self-identifications.


Premise: Administrative counterpart refers to a citizen, a legal person or other organization in a managed position in administrative management.

Hypothesis: A county procuratorate was an administrative counterpart when it applied to the municipal construction committee to approve the construction of a staff dormitory building is correct according to the above definition.


Premise: Two centuries ago, Tufe Peninsula became separated from the mainland, isolating on the newly formed Tufe Island a population of Turfil sunflowers. This population' s descendants grow to be, on average, 40 centimeters shorter than Turfil sunflowers found on the mainland. Tufe Island is significantly drier than Tufe Peninsula was. So the current average height of Tufe' s Turfil sunflowers is undoubtedly at least partially attributable to changes in Tufe' s environmental conditions.

Hypothesis: The mainland's environment has not changed in ways that have resulted in Turfil sunflowers on the mainland growing to be 40 centimeters taller than they did two centuries ago is an assumption on which the argument depends.


Premise: Reactive interdependence means that in the communication process, both sides of the communication use the other's behavior as the basis for their own behavior and make corresponding responses instead of communicating according to the original plan.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, Xiao He's plan to study abroad for a doctoral degree is reactive interdependence.


Premise: During the Han Dynasty, most of the supervisors were recommended by local officials. In order to ensure that the imperial history exercised the power of impeachment without restraint, the Sui and Tang dynasties changed the system in which the official was selected and appointed by the official department since the Northern Wei Dynasty, but the selection of the official department in the Tang Dynasty was actually controlled by the prime minister. In the Song Dynasty, most of the supervisors at the central level were promoted by emperors, while the local supervisors implemented the official self-selection system, which was directly appointed by the central supervisors, and the supervisory power got rid of the control of the prime minister's power. In order to prevent nepotism, there will also be some restrictions on qualifications and avoidance. For example, in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, great scholars were not allowed to serve as imperial magistrates, and in the Song Dynasty, relatives recommended by prime ministers as officials or prime ministers were not allowed to be imperial histories. In the Ming Dynasty, itinerant supervisors should avoid their places of origin, or had served as officials or lived in places.

Hypothesis: The main content of this text is the inheritance and Reform of the Supervisor system in past dynasties.


Premise: In one study, 51 volunteers from middle school students were divided into a test group and a control group and trained in the same math skills. During the five-day training, the researchers used a technique called transcranial random noise stimulation to deliver mild shocks to areas of the brain thought to be related to computing power in 25 members of the test group. The results of subsequent tests showed that the ability to perform mathematical operations of the members of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. To their surprise, the improvement of this ability can last at least half a year. As a result, the researchers believe that to deliver mild shocks in the brain can improve the brain's ability to calculate.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Subjects with delivering mild shocks to the brain were more concerned about their behavior and were more focused during the test' best supports the researchers' view.


Premise: Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.

Hypothesis: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it concludes that a claim is false merely on the grounds that it has not been shown to be true.


Premise: In the era of mobile reading, the influence of self-media cannot be underestimated. Due to its wider communication paths and distribution channels, it has received a high degree of public attention, and self-media people have a certain right to speak. Compared with traditional media organizations, some self-media people are indeed not inferior, and their credibility has brought them benefits. However, credibility is a double-edged sword. We-media people must not only see the interests behind the traffic, but also recognize the negative effects of abusing their credibility. Miscalculated. The consequences of abusing the right to speak will directly affect the credibility that you have built up so hard, and you will lose the support and attention of the public.

Hypothesis: The emphasis of this text is that the right to speak in the self-media cannot be abused.


Premise: The transfinite effects refers to the psychological phenomenon of extreme impatience or reverse when the stimulation is too much, too strong or too long.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, the statement "Because of his mother's nagging, Xiao Lin decided to look for a job elsewhere after graduation" does not conform to the transfinite effect.


Premise: As a strict economic concept, innovation specifically refers to the behavior of enterprises to obtain profits with new products, new services, new markets, new management and business models.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, a new model of three creations and three advances of a supply and marketing cooperative for agriculture is not an innovation in the concept of economics.


Premise: Only with sufficient capital investment and technical personnel can a company's products have high-tech content. This high-tech content is essential for a product to occupy the market stably for a long time.

Hypothesis: Qinghe Kongtong has occupied the market steadily for a long time, but the manufacturer of this product lacks sufficient capital investment can weaken the above conclusion the most.


Premise: Zhong Rong, a literary critic of the Southern Dynasty, commented on the works of Liu Kun in the Jin Dynasty in Shi Pin. Kun is not only a good person, but also has bad luck, so he is good at talking about mourning and chaos, and he has many words of hatred.This is to use the experience of Liu Kun's misfortune to explain why his poems are full of grief and indignation. Contemporary literary critics consciously use this method to examine works. A scholar who studied the novel iniquity Sea Flowers in the late Qing Dynasty once said that in order to understand this work, it is necessary to know people and talk about the world, and it is necessary to explore Zeng Pu's life, ideological process and creative process. It can be seen that knowing people and talking about the world is an important method for him to study evil sea flowers.

Hypothesis: The main content of this text is that knowing people and talking about the world is regarded as the standard for the study of ancient works.


Premise: On the basis of the available evidence, Antarctica has generally been thought to have been covered by ice for at least the past 14 million years. Recently, however, three-million-year-old fossils of a kind previously found only in ocean-floor sediments were discovered under the ice sheet covering central Antarctica. About three million years ago, ttherefore, the Antarctic ice sheet must temporarily have melted. After all, either severe climatic warming or volcanic activity in Antarctica' s mountains could have melted the ice sheet, thus raising sea levels and submerging the continent.

Hypothesis: The main conclusion of the argument is that the ice sheet covering Antarctica has not been continuously present throughout the past 14 million years.


Premise: Convergence means that in the process of social interaction, one party can grasp the psychological state of the other party and experience the other's psychology in a place.

Hypothesis: Convergence is 'We're both miserable people in the same miserable situation.'


Premise: Several honest merchants opened a shop together, and when they made a lot of money, they stopped and divided their wares. But what's a bonus without a fight? They had a terrible argument about money. By this time their house was on fire, but they were still arguing about money. They quarrelled so much that they forgot that the house was on fire that they were all engulfed in the flames and killed, along with their belongings.

Hypothesis: According to the above passage, honesty makes money is true.


Premise: Pro-Tect Insurance Company has recently been paying out more on car-theft claims than it expected. Cars with special antitheft devices or alarm systems are much less likely to be stolen than are other cars. Consequently Pro-Tect, as part of an effort to reduce its annual payouts, will offer a discount to holders of car-theft policies if their cars have antitheft devices or alarm systems.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The amount Pro-Tect has been paying out on car-theft claims has been greater for some models of car than for others' provides the strongest indication that the plan is likely to achieve its goal.


Premise: Some people argue that inquiry is impossible, because a man can explore neither what he knows nor what he does not know. He cannot explore what he knows, because he knows it, and there is no need to explore it; he cannot explore what he does not know, because he does not know what he is trying to explore.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The fallacy of ambiguity: there are two different meanings of knowing: knowing what the answer to the question being explored is and knowing what the question is to explore' most accurately points out the logical loophole in the argument.


Premise: Export processing zones are a form of special economic zones. They are export-oriented special economic zones. They mainly use foreign capital, technology, and equipment, and take advantage of China's land, resources, labor and other advantages, and the products produced are mainly exported.

Hypothesis: The Salt Lake Economic Development Zone in Northwest Qinghai Province belongs to the export processing zone and adopts a strategy of attracting investment and foreign investment. We provide manpower, land etc, and products are mainly sold in the five northwestern provinces and regions.


Premise: Some accountants calculate with simple adding machines, and some use complex computers. One can perform more calculations in less time with a computer than with an adding machine. Ttherefore, assuming the costs of using the two types of machines are equal, an accountant who uses a computer generally can earn more per hour than an accountant who uses an adding machine.

Hypothesis: The assumption that the more calculations an accountant performs, the more money he or she will earn would make the conclusion in the passage a logical one.


Premise: Due to the unique chemical characteristics of silk, it is difficult for embroidery to be preserved for a long time in the humid climate of Sichuan. Therefore, few embroidery products have been found in the archaeological research in Sichuan, so it is impossible to trace the origin of Shu embroidery by archaeological methods. However, Shu embroidery still has its glory in other forms. In 1986, a bronze statue about 4,800 years ago was unearthed at the Sanxingdui Site in Chengdu. The statue was dressed in a dragon costume with complicated dragon, beast and variant cloud and thunder patterns. With the level of textile technology at that time, these decorative patterns could not have been woven by a textile machine. Since the pattern of the embroidery is consistent with the embroidery residue of the Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed in Baoji, Shaanxi province in 1974, it is most likely that the embroidery was made with the lock embroidery method, which traces the history of Shu embroidery back to the Sanxingdui civilization in ancient Shu, which was contemporized with the Xia Civilization in the Central Plains.

Hypothesis: The bronze Liren probably wore embroidered ceremonial clothes is true.


Premise: A man was traveling to Russia. When he was shopping, he found two strange people: one was digging a hole in the front, and the other was filling the dirt with a shovel at the back. The man thought it strange, so he asked them what they were doing. They replied that they were planting trees. The man found it even weirder. The two men explained that the man in charge of planting the saplings was ill and did not come.

Hypothesis: This passage enlightens us that no result of work is equal to no work done.


Premise: Buzzwords are the direct reflection of people's social life and reflect the color of the times. Just like electricity derives a batch of words with electricity, the emergence of network will inevitably derive a number of words with network, which makes network change from a new word to a basic word. Network-related words will gradually establish their own position in the Chinese word system. Neologisms that use ideographic methods are more acceptable, such as PC. Machine-personal computer , E-mail , etc. If we restrict and criticize the new words too strictly, it will limit its vitality and is not conducive to the construction of a harmonious language life.

Hypothesis: The most suitable title for this paragraph is 'Language phenomena are complex and language concepts are becoming more and more diverse.'


Premise: Speech fusion refers to the gradual convergence of two accents that communicate frequently without realizing it.

Hypothesis: Lao Zhang and his wife have been married for more than ten years, and the eating habits of the family can no longer tell the difference between the north and the south. Even Mr. Zhang's northeast accent has almost lost its original flavor, and his wife's Cantonese has become strange. The daughter often teases them that they are the real husband and wife is voice fusion.


Premise: Through actual investigations, it was found that some defendants were innocent or even framed; not all suspects were criminals.

Hypothesis: If the situation of the above investigation is true, some suspects are not criminals.


Premise: Any unsubstantiated testimony of witness is not the basis for jurors to make a judgment. Because in general, it is wise to highly suspect that anyone has no evidence for litigation requests, but jurors should not trust their common experience in order to be consistent that declare the defendant guilty based on all unconfirmed confessions.

Hypothesis: The statement 'When the defendant does commit the crime or finally believes that the plaintiff has sufficient evidence, he sometimes pleads guilty' supports the above view.


Premise: There is a lack of financial support for the development of rural tourism, which urgently needs to be solved. Rural tourism scenic spot is a multi-faceted open area which belongs to the public space. The government is duty-bound to improve the development environment. By integrating financial funds, they can promote the upgrading of scenic spots, encourage all localities to increase financial support in the form of prizes instead of compensation, build first and then make up; they can pry financial funds to build a docking platform between banks and the government, solve the loan problems of operators, and increase credit to rural tourism. New financing models such as PPP and crowdfunding can also encourage social capital to enter the countryside so that rural tourism can be invested, well built and well managed.

Hypothesis: It is urgent to promote multi-channel investment and financing in the development of rural tourism is emphasized in this passage.


Premise: Tea is a healthy drink that Chinese people love. After brewing and drinking the tea a few times, most people discard the leftover tea. An expert pointed out that in fact, the substances in tea that can be dissolved in water are limited, and a lot of them are nutritious. The substances still remain in the tea, it is a pity to throw away for nothing, people should eat the leftover tea.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Many non-nutritive substances in tea cannot be dissolved in water' can best refute the expert's point of view.


Premise: Throughout the history of cartography, the effective use of maps means understanding a series of abstract symbols drawn on the plane and then connecting these symbols with various three-dimensional features of the local environment, so as to successfully determine their own location. But not all ordinary people can do this and not long ago, the map itself was a scarce artifact, some of which were militarily sensitive secrets. But the map that can be seen on the phone screen changes all that.

Hypothesis: The most important part of this passage is that the emergence of smart phones has promoted the development of cartography.


Premise: Educational Theorist: Recent editorials have called for limits on the amount of homework assigned to children. They point out that free-time activities play an important role in childhood development and that large amounts of homework reduce children' s free time, hindering their development. But the average homework time for a ten year old, for example, is little more than 30 minutes per night. Clearly, ttherefore, there is no need to impose the limits these editorials are calling for.

Hypothesis: In most schools, if not all, the homework assignments given are of a length that does not diverge widely from the average is an assumption on which the educational theorist's argument relies.


Premise: In one study, 51 volunteers from middle school students were divided into a test group and a control group and trained in the same math skills. During the five-day training, the researchers used a technique called transcranial random noise stimulation to deliver mild shocks to areas of the brain thought to be related to computing power in 25 members of the test group. The results of subsequent tests showed that the ability to perform mathematical operations of the members of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. To their surprise, the improvement of this ability can last at least half a year. As a result, the researchers believe that to deliver mild shocks in the brain can improve the brain's ability to calculate.

Hypothesis: Before the experiment, the math scores of the two groups were about the same if true, best supports the above view of the researchers.


Premise: Telomerase is an enzyme that is produced only in cells that are actively dividing. For this reason it is generally absent from body tissues in adults. Bone marrow is an exception to this rule, however, since even in adults, bone marrow cells continually divide to replace old blood cells. Cancers are another exception, because their cells are rapidly dividing.

Hypothesis: The presence of telomerase in bone marrow is no indication of bone marrow cancer is most strongly supported by the information provided.


Premise: The survey shows that an important factor leading to the decline of college students' academic performance is that many college students play online games. In order to improve the academic performance of college students, the school decided to prohibit playing online games on campus.

Hypothesis: It is technically difficult to prohibit college students from playing online games on campus can most challenge the school's decision.


Premise: High levels of fertilizer and pesticides, needed when farmers try to produce high yields of the same crop year after year, pollute water supplies. Experts ttherefore urge farmers to diversify their crops and to rotate their plantings yearly. To receive governmental price-support benefits for a crop, farmers must have produced that same crop for the past several years.

Hypothesis: The statements above, if true, best support the conclusion that the rules for governmental support of farm prices work against efforts to reduce water pollution.


Premise: A, B, C and D are classmates. A said: My classmates are all league member. B said: D is not a league member. C said: Someone in my class is not a league member. D said: Neither is B league member.

Hypothesis: If only one person is known to be lying, it is A who is telling lies, and B is not a league member of the team can be deduced to be true.


Premise: There is a multiple illusion among the employed: that in this era of diversification and openness, everyone is responsible for their own future, and their choices for the future path are diversified and free. But just look at the reality and you will know this. The goal of this choice is singular.Everyone rushed to the city, staring at high-paying white-collar positions, thinking that it was a choice of personality, but actually all merged into the same river; thought it was plural, but was actually assimilated into a single; thought it was a free choice ,actually imprisoned by a closed mind-this is the multiple illusion.

Hypothesis: Society does not provide employees with multiple choices can be derived.


Premise: Scientists recently discovered that the small dinosaur named Zheng Xiaoting Dragon is a relative of the ancestral birds, and the ancestors who lived in the late Jurassic period, very close to the relatives, by analyzing the shape of the birds, and similar birds, dinosaurs and early birds of the systematic development of the relationship. It is concluded that the ancestral bird is not a bird, but a primitive dinosaur claw dragon. So the ancestor bird is the ancestor of the dragon, not the ancestor of the bird.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The clawed dragon is a kind of bird that is closely related to the dinosaur' is the least likely to challenge the above claim.


Premise: In a certain year, the number of tourists in the five cities of Jicheng, Yucheng, Xucheng, Yancheng, and Qingcheng was more than in previous years. These cities have different geographical environments and tourism resources: precipitous mountains, dense forests, flat grasslands, vast seas and secluded river valleys. The number of tourists who visited the above five cities in that year were: 120,000, 270,000, 320,000, 440,000, and 650,000. It is known that: (1) The cities in the grasslands are the least attractive to tourists. The most popular tourist destination is the forest. (2) Xucheng is in the mountains and the transportation is not convenient, but many people come here to travel. (3) Jicheng has more tourists than Yancheng. (4) The number of tourists in Yancheng is 440,000, a record high. (5) There are more tourists to Yucheng than Qingcheng, but not as many as Xucheng.

Hypothesis: The characteristic tourism resources of Qingcheng can be introduced as flat grasslands based on the above conditions.


Premise: For those who want to keep fit, the effect of alternating multiple physical exercises is better than that of a single project.A single project of exercise makes a small number of muscles developed, while the alternating multiple physical exercises can develop the body's muscle group in an all-round way, and the latter consumes more calories than the former.

Hypothesis: The statement 'In healthy people, the increase in health is directly proportional to the consumption of calories' most advantageously reinforces the above argument.


Premise: The soldiers of the communication unit have learned a lot of infantry tactics. Zhao Hong is a soldier of the communications unit, so he has also learned a lot of infantry tactics.

Hypothesis: The theory that workers in a factory participated in many popular science lectures and Mr. Ma was a worker in a factory, so he also participated in many popular science lectures is most similar to the above theory.


Premise: Some medical studies have shown that taking vitamin and mineral supplements does not significantly help the human body, and sometimes even causes harm to the human body. Some doctors advise not to take vitamin and mineral supplements anymore, but to supplement the vitamins and minerals needed by the human body through a balanced diet.

Hypothesis: An eight-year follow-up survey of 10000 men showed that not taking vitamin and mineral supplements did not increase their risk of disease weakens the above findings.


Premise: In order to eliminate pests in farmland, human beings have invented more than 30,000 kinds of pesticides. Although they have temporarily controlled the pests, they have also eliminated the natural enemies of insects and bees, making it impossible for some vegetables, melons and fruits to be pollinated. Weeds compete with crops for nutrition, water and space, so someone invented herbicides, which temporarily control weeds, but also promote the evolution of weeds, making them more difficult to deal with. To make matters worse, herbicides also eliminated beneficial microorganisms in the soil, harming some nitrogen-fixing bacteria that had the ability to fix nitrogen, and even denitrifying bacteria that reduced excess nitrogen to nitrogen in the atmosphere. Without the care of weeds, farmland becomes plank, and the rainy season is very easy to cause soil erosion.

Hypothesis: The harm caused by the disturbance of the existing agro-ecosystem is the most important part of this passage.


Premise: Economist: The economy seems to be heading out of recession. Recent figures show that consumers are buying more durable goods than before, indicating that they expect economic growth in the near future.

Hypothesis: The primary evidence from which the economist's argument's conclusion is drawn is that consumers are buying more durable goods than before.


Premise: Company separation refers to the act of dividing the company into two or more independent companies in accordance with legal procedures.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, the act of company a establishing two branches without legal personality in country A and country B in order to expand its production and operation field does not belong to company separation.


Premise: A school of economics introduced 30 textbooks from abroad, including 12 financial textbooks, 10 non-financial English textbooks, 7 non-financial textbooks imported from the United States, and 9 non-English textbooks imported from countries outside the United States.

Hypothesis: Based on the above, no more than 8 non-English financial textbooks are imported from countries outside the United States can be inferred.


Premise: In the driving qualification test, successfully passing the yard driving test is a very demanding test for students.  In various driving schools in Nanya City, in the past, some examiners violated work discipline. There are also some examiner responsibility is not strong, more arbitrary, these are students more concentrated on the issue.  From January 1 this year, each driving school examination has been installed on the site monitor, from visual to machine measurement, so that the site driving test to achieve computer operation, improve the scientific.

Hypothesis: The yard driving test machine is strictly disciplined, but it will also cause opposition from some students, as it is difficult to take shortcuts would most strongly question the role of this instrument.


Premise: In response to requests made by the dairy industry, the government is considering whether to approve the synthetic hormone BST for use in dairy cows. BST increases milk production but also leads to recurring udder inflammation, decreased fertility, and symptoms of stress in cows who receive the hormone. All of these problems can be kept under control with constant veterinary care, but such levels of veterinary help would cost big farms far less per cow than they would small farms.

Hypothesis: If the statements above are true, the claim that 'At the present time milk from cows raised on small farms is safer to drink than milk from cows raised on big farms' is most strongly supported by them.


Premise: Tom: Critics of recent high court decisions claim that judges' willingness to abide by earlier decisions is necessary to avoid legal chaos. Since high courts of the past often repudiated legal precedents and no harm to the legal system ensued, these critics' objections must be politically motivated and ought to be ignored. Mary: High courts have repudiated precedents in the past, but they were careful to do so only when the previous rulings were old and had clearly become outdated. The recently overturned rulings were themselves recent. Overturning any recent legal ruling diminishes the law, which comes to be viewed as unstable and capricious.

Hypothesis: The point at issue between Tom and Mary is whether the overturning of recent high court precedents was politically motivated.


Premise: Secondary scandal: refers to a place or someone exposed after a scandal, and then pulled out of other scandals.

Hypothesis: An article by The Xinhua News Agency titled Seemingly Hidden, But Really Deceptive -- A Review of official rumors in the past combed through cases of official rumors that have emerged in recent years is a secondary scandal according to the above definition.


Premise: On May first, in order to reduce the number of overdue books, a children's library instituted a policy of forgiving fines and giving bookmarks to children returning all of their overdue books. On July first there were twice as many overdue books as there had been on May first, although a record number of books had been returned during the interim.

Hypothesis: The statement "The children were allowed to borrow a maximum of five books for a two-week period, and hence each child could keep a maximum of fifteen books beyond their due date within a two-month period" most helps to explain the apparent inconsistency in the results of the library's policy.


Premise: Armstrong: For the treatment of a particular disease, Dr. Sullivan argues for using nutritional supplements rather than the pharmaceuticals that most doctors prescribe. But this is in his self-interest since he is paid to endorse a line of nutritional supplements. Thus, we should not use nutritional supplements in treating the disease.

Hypothesis: Armstrong's argument is flawed in that it criticizes Dr. Sullivan's motives for holding a position rather than addressing the position itself.


Premise: On July 14, 2015, after difficult negotiations in the euro zone, the Greek debt crisis was temporarily quieted down. If the Greek debt crisis is not resolved, it will have a negative impact on the economy of the euro zone. But Greece can only return to the path of economic development through extensive reforms. Greece can either reduce welfare or achieve substantial economic growth, otherwise, the debt crisis will be difficult to solve.

Hypothesis: If Greece reduces welfare or achieves substantial economic growth, it can solve the debt crisis is true if the above statement is true.


Premise: Two crucial claims of relativity theory can be directly confirmed. Utilizing elementary particles in high-energy accelerators, we can demonstrate that at high velocities objects are subject to time dilation and an increase in mass. However, a third claim of the theory, the Lorentz contraction thesis, which is connected to the other two, is not directly confirmable. But the fact that the theory in general is supported by experimental results indirectly confirms the contraction thesis.

Hypothesis: The principle underlying the reasoning above is that one must confirm all the theses of a theory before accepting the theory generally.


Premise: In every case of political unrest in a certain country, the police have discovered that some unknown person or persons organized and fomented that unrest. Clearly, ttherefore, behind all the cases of political unrest in that country there has been a single mastermind who organized and fomented them all.

Hypothesis: The flawed reasoning in the argument above most closely parallels that in which the statement 'Every citizen of Edmonton has a social insurance number, so there must be one number that is the social insurance number for all citizens of Edmonton' is used.


Premise: In the flow of information, the individual is almost in the main position of risk, that is, to bear all the consequences brought by uncertain risks. However, from the point of view of information acquisition, disclosure and result acceptance, individuals are basically in a negative and passive position, and those who can control the corresponding risks or obtain more symmetrical information to a large extent, is the platform or enterprise side to master personal information. Therefore, it is often those who are at risk who cannot afford the risk, while the person in charge of the risk may be absent when they bear the risk.

Hypothesis: The topic most likely to be discussed in this passage is 'Who bears the risk between the information platform and the individual.'


Premise: In a certain year, the number of tourists in the five cities of Jicheng, Yucheng, Xucheng, Yancheng, and Qingcheng was more than in previous years. These cities have different geographical environments and tourism resources: precipitous mountains, dense forests, flat grasslands, vast seas and secluded river valleys. The number of tourists who visited the above five cities in that year were: 120,000, 270,000, 320,000, 440,000, and 650,000. It is known that: (1) The cities in the grasslands are the least attractive to tourists. The most popular tourist destination is the forest. (2) Xucheng is in the mountains and the transportation is not convenient, but many people come here to travel. (3) Jicheng has more tourists than Yancheng. (4) The number of tourists in Yancheng is 440,000, a record high. (5) There are more tourists to Yucheng than Qingcheng, but not as many as Xucheng.

Hypothesis: Based on the above conditions, dense forests can be introduced as the characteristic tourism resources of Qingcheng.


Premise: Insurance reserve: refers to the reserve of raw materials established by enterprises in case of delayed delivery of raw materials or unplanned increase in demand.

Hypothesis: The insurance reserves are raw materials that have been prepared for the flood season.


Premise: Because chemical fiber is synthetic with petroleum and other raw materials.The production of chemical fiber will produce a lot of pollutants, consume a lot of energy and water, and the degradation rate of chemical fiber waste in the natural environment is very slow,so it is generally believed that wearing cotton fabric is more environmentally friendly than using chemical fiber.

Hypothesis: Cotton is the crop that uses the most pesticides and 25% of the world's pesticides are used in cotton cultivation, if true, poses the strongest challenge to this view.


Premise: Mayor of Smalltown: Instituting high taxes on sodas, which are currently untaxed in Smalltown, has been shown in the past year to encourage people to reduce their intake of soda and live healthier lifestyles. Because the effects of such taxes on local businesses have not yet been determined, though, I believe we should wait before implementing such a tax. Activist: Your position is inconsistent with previous actions you have taken. You have implemented many laws that have decreased local businesses' revenues in order to help consumers, so concern for local businesses cannot be the true reason you refuse to pass this law now.

Hypothesis: The statement 'the effects of taxes on local businesses may not be immediately apparent in all cases' is the reason why the activist's argument is flawed.


Premise: Funding opponent: Some people favor city funding for the spaying and neutering of pets at the owners' request. They claim that the decrease in the number of stray animals to contend with will offset the cost of the funding. These people fail to realize that over 80 percent of pet owners already pay to spay or neuter their animals, so there will not be a significant decrease in the number of stray animals in the city if this funding is provided.

Hypothesis: Many pet owners would have their animals spayed or neutered sooner if funding were provided by the city weakens the argument of the funding opponent.


Premise: In jurisdictions where use of headlights is optional when visibility is good, drivers who use headlights at all times are less likely to be involved in a collision than are drivers who use headlights only when visibility is poor. Yet Highway Safety Department records show that making use of headlights mandatory at all times does nothing to reduce the overall number of collisions.

Hypothesis: The statement 'A law making use of headlights mandatory at all times is not especially difficult to enforce' most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above.


Premise: Society and culture advocate generosity, but such behavior often requires one to contribute one's own resources to the interests of others, so it is difficult to explain with general economic theory. However, some neuroscience papers have pointed out that even at the expense of self-interest, some people are generous to others because when people show generosity, they activate specific areas of the brain. and these areas are associated with areas that produce happiness.

Hypothesis: Generosity can increase happiness is one of the reasons why people treat others generously according to this passage.


Premise: Most bicycle helmets provide good protection for the top and back of the head, but little or no protection for the temple regions on the sides of the head. A study of head injuries resulting from bicycle accidents showed that a large proportion were caused by blows to the temple area. Ttherefore, if bicycle helmets protected this area, the risk of serious head injury in bicycle accidents would be greatly reduced especially since __.

Hypothesis: The bone in the temple area is relatively thin and impacts in that area are thus very likely to cause brain injury most logically completes the passage.


Premise: A study of grass-roots workers in an enterprise shows that grass-roots workers who use social software are significantly less likely to suffer from diabetes, mental illness and ischemic heart disease than those who do not use social software. Accordingly, the managers of the company believe that the use of social software is beneficial to the health of grass-roots workers.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The grass-roots workers of the enterprise are under great pressure, and people with physical and mental health use social software after work' will most weaken the above managers' conclusions.


Premise: The influenza virus mutates so fast that even if the vaccine is updated every year, there is no guarantee that the vaccination will cover all the seasonal epidemic. Influenza vaccination does not guarantee a 100% protection against influenza, and may also lead to side effects such as low fever in vaccinated people. Therefore, there is no need to be vaccinated against influenza.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Only a very small number of people will have a systemic reaction after flu vaccine, and it can be relieved in one or two days, which is much lighter than flu symptoms' does not effectively refute the above conclusion.


Premise: The Gini coefficient is an important indicator to measure the degree of inequality in distribution. It is generally believed in the international community that when the Gini coefficient is lower than 0.2, it means the absolute average income; 0.3-0.4 means relatively reasonable; 0.4-0.5 means a large income gap; 0.6 or more means the income gap Great disparity.

Hypothesis: The option "The Gini coefficient can take any value between zero and 1. The more equal the income distribution, the smaller the Gini coefficient" is incorrect based on the conclusions from the above.


Premise: In order to implement the best cooperation, when determining the composition of the players in a volleyball match, the three coaches of A, B and C expressed their views on whether Xiao Wang and Xiao Li are on the court as follows:A: Only Xiao Wang plays the game, Xiao Li plays the game. B: If Xiao Wang plays the game, Xiao Li plays the game. C: Either Xiao Wang plays the game, or Xiao Li plays the game.

Hypothesis: The impossible conclusion on this basis is that for three people, two are fake and one is real.


Premise: Recently, due to the influence of abnormal weather, the grape production in Turpan has decreased, and the price has increased by 50% over the same period last year, which has greatly increased the cost of wine brewing industry. It is estimated that the wine price will increase significantly compared with last year.

Hypothesis: In addition to Turpan, other regions can also provide grapes weakens the above view most.


Premise: Inertial thinking is a special psychological preparation or tendency for activities caused by previous activities, which is manifested in that it solves a problem this time. The next time it encounters a similar problem or seemingly the same problem, it can't help but follow the way or order of the last thought

Hypothesis: The statement "When the situation remains unchanged, inertial thinking is conducive to solving problems quickly" cannot be launched by the above paragraph.


Premise: According to the content of 27 kinds of essential nutrient elements to evaluate the nutritional value, the nutritional value of vegetables with high water content is low. The water content of Chinese yam is low, so the nutritional value of Chinese yam will be high.

Hypothesis: Stars emit their own light, and Venus is not a star, so Venus does not emit its own light has the same form as the above reasoning.


Premise: Synaesthesia is a psychological phenomenon in which one sense causes another to change.

Hypothesis: The bedroom is decorated with warm colors to make people feel warm takes advantage of synaesthesia.


Premise: Over the past twenty-five years the introduction of laborsaving technologies has greatly reduced the average amount of time a worker needs to produce a given output, potentially both reducing the number of hours each worker works each week and increasing workers' leisure time correspondingly. The average amount of leisure time per worker, however, has increased at only half the rate at which the average hourly output per worker has grown.

Hypothesis: The average hourly output per worker has not risen as much as had been anticipated when modern labor-saving technologies were first introduced is most strongly supported by the statements above.


Premise: People generally believe that happiness can increase health, is conducive to longevity, while unhappy is the direct cause of poor health, but recently researchers have found that after the survey of more than 300 people living conditions, happy or not happy does not mean that the risk of death will become lower or higher, accordingly they pointed out that the disease could lead to unhappiness, But unhappiness itself is not detrimental to health.

Hypothesis: A person with a low risk of death does not mean good health, and a high risk of death does not mean bad health would challenge the researchers' argument.


Premise: In order to increase the freshness of the news, many reports will choose the micro-cut of the small incision, and the economic news report is no exception. But in practice, this kind of report often makes the reader's perception too piecemeal and one-sided. For example, in the report of the financial crisis, tourism is deserted, real estate is unsalable at one time, and middle-class white-collar workers dare not spend it at the same time. What does the whole picture look like? At this time, the overall awareness of micro-cut is very important.

Hypothesis: The author's attitude towards the micro-cut of economic news is to be opposed to it.


Premise: If Brazil protests to the United Nations or Chile calls for a plenary meeting of Latin American countries, Argentina will mobilize troops.

Hypothesis: Accordingly, it cannot be introduced that if Brazil protests to the United Nations, then Argentina will mobilize troops.


Premise: Some people think that watching violence in TV programs will lead to the actual aggressive behavior of the audience, can it be said that just watching other people eat can feed their own stomach?

Hypothesis: The inference 'Some people think that nationalism has a certain reason. can it be said that nationalism has not been used as an excuse for crime?' is most similar to the one used above.


Premise: The Carell formula means that we are in a position where we can concentrate on solving problems only if we force ourselves to face the worst-case scenario and accept it mentally.

Hypothesis: A Jun's stock trading routine was very depressed. Later, he figured it out. He studied to be an ostrich, didn't look at stocks, and focused on his work. A few years later, his career was successful belongs to the Carell formula according to the above definition.


Premise: A farmer tied an iron ring to the trunk of an elm tree on his farm to facilitate the tying of cattle. As the iron circle of the elm tree grew slowly, the skin of the mathematical elm tree left a deep scar.A year later, it was found that all the elm trees dozens of miles away from elm disease died, but the elm tree which was tied with an iron ring and left a deep scar survived. Botanical studies found that it absorbed a large amount of iron from the rust ring to develop immunity to fungi.

Hypothesis: The truth of this passage is that a strong life can turn harm into wealth and strength.


Hypothesis: The statement 'Twenty-five years ago the average weekly output per worker was less than it is today' is most strongly supported by the statements above if they are true.


Premise: Other depository companies: refers to all depository companies except the central bank, which mainly carry out activities such as absorbing deposits, issuing loans and creating deposits. my country calls them deposit currency banks.

Hypothesis: City Credit Union does not belong to other depository companies.


Premise: Every time the government introduces an economic policy, it will change the income expectations of some interest groups. Out of self-interest, these interest groups always try to offset the loss caused by the policy through various behavior choices. At this time, if the government really changes the original policy, the result will not only invalidate the policy issued by the government, but also make the government's ability of economic regulation and control decline continuously due to the loss of credibility.

Hypothesis: The main statement of this passage is that the government must continue to implement the policies it has formulated.


Premise: People who regularly take part in diving are generally healthier than those who do not take part in diving. It can be seen that diving exercise can exercise and improve physical health.

Hypothesis: Most people in poor health do not take part in diving exercises that are dangerous challenges the above argument.


Premise: Roller skating seems to be bad for people with sprained legs, foot ligaments and joints, but orthopaedic surgeons have found that roller skating is a rehabilitation measure for patients with joint and ligament diseases.

Hypothesis: This kind of exercise is good for the joints is correct.


Premise: On February 18, the 59th Session of the United Nations General Assembly's Legal Committee adopted a political declaration by a vote of 71 to 31, with 43 abstentions, calling on all countries to ban any form of human cloning that is contrary to human dignity. After 3 days of fierce debate, the law Committee of the 18th afternoon still failed to reach an agreement on the wording of the UN Declaration on human cloning. That evening, countries for and against therapeutic cloning agreed to put to a vote the proposed declaration supported by their respective camps. The proposal put forward by Honduras, which opposes therapeutic cloning, was adopted after oIS member states declared that they would not support either proposal. The United States, Germany, the Netherlands and Brazil voted in favor, while the Chinese government voted against.

Hypothesis: The declaration is non-binding because it simply calls on countries to draft and implement laws banning human cloning in any form, and is not mandatory is not the correct reason for voting against the Chinese government.


Premise: In a transportation company, a certain syndrome often attributed to stress by medical experts afflicts a significantly higher percentage of workers in Department F than in any other department. We can conclude, ttherefore, that the work done in Department F subjects workers to higher stress levels than does the work in the other departments in the company.

Hypothesis: Many workers who transfer into Department F from elsewhere in the company soon begin to develop the syndrome most helps to support the argument.


Premise: Pregnant women are prone to vitamin deficiency. Some people believe that this is not caused by lack of vitamins in the diet, but usually due to the large demand for vitamins when babies grow up in the abdomen.

Hypothesis: The daily diet of a pregnant woman lacking vitamins was tested to determine the content of vitamins is the most important operation in order to evaluate the accuracy of the above conclusions.


Premise: In one study, 51 volunteers from middle school students were divided into a test group and a control group and trained in the same math skills. During the five-day training, the researchers used a technique called transcranial random noise stimulation to deliver mild shocks to areas of the brain thought to be related to computing power in 25 members of the test group. The results of subsequent tests showed that the ability to perform mathematical operations of the members of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. To their surprise, the improvement of this ability can last at least half a year. As a result, the researchers believe that to deliver mild shocks in the brain can improve the brain's ability to calculate.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Subjects with delivering mild shocks to the brain were more concerned about their behavior and were more focused during the test' best supports the above view of the researchers.