Premise: A soccer league is divided into a junior and a senior division, separated not by age but by a player's skill level. This year, to determine the division for which an aspirant is best qualified, the league held a week-long trial, after which coach A and coach B selected players. Coach A nominated sixteen of the forty players for the senior league. Amongst Coach B's nominations for the senior division were four players not nominated by Coach A. Ttherefore, there will be twenty players in the senior division.

Hypothesis: To be selected for the senior division, a player need only be nominated by one of the two coaches provides the strongest basis for the conclusion above to be warranted.


Premise: Most of the mines that Moradco operates in the province of Velyena have never violated environmental regulations. Every one of the gold mines that Moradco operates throughout the world has at some time or another violated environmental regulations.

Hypothesis: Most of the gold mines that Moradco operates are not located in Velyena follows logically from the statements above.


Premise: ①Language is a symbol system, and the symbol system of each language bears the imprint of culture, which is the result of the collective cognition of the language community, and is the carrier of culture, which is the body of language. ②Language and Culture is one with two sides, and no one can completely separate language and culture. This is determined by the attributes of language. ③Therefore, there is no need to highlight cultural communication in international Chinese education, because learning a language is impossible without involving this kind of language. The cultural content carried by language is self-evident .④the values of people and social groups who use this language implicit in language, and such values are often unaware of. ⑤ language is also thinking Tools and communication tools. When we use a language to think and communicate, it is impossible not to be influenced by this language. This is like the use of a language.

Hypothesis: The correct word order, if you rearrange the above five sentences, is ②①⑤④③.


Premise: In the public impression, every time the tailings treatment is strengthened, it is always after the serious tailings dam break accident. And the assault type of tailings treatment is unlikely to be effective for a long time. A large number of tailings are increasing with the continuous increase of mining. With the depletion of the mine, the tailings stored for years are stacked on the hillside of the river bank. Due to the lack of effective treatment methods at the technical level, they can only be exposed in an unsafe way. Continue to remain in nature.

Hypothesis: The main message of this passage is that the leftover historical burden and new hidden dangers have greatly increased the pressure on tailings treatment.


Premise: When mercury-vapor streetlights are used in areas inhabited by insect-eating bats, the bats feed almost exclusively around the lights, because the lights attract flying insects. In Greenville, the mercury-vapor streetlights are about to be replaced with energy-saving sodium streetlights, which do not attract insects. This change is likely to result in a drop in the population of insect-eating bats in Greenville, since __

Hypothesis: Bats use echolocation to catch insects and therefore gain no advantage from the fact that insects flying in the vicinity of streetlights are visible at night most logically completes the argument.


Premise: A city has two pillar industries, traditional handicraft and tourism. The development of traditional handicraft industry will inevitably lead to pollution and damage the ecological environment. However, a good ecological environment is a necessary condition for the development of tourism.

Hypothesis: The city's economic income mainly depends on traditional handicrafts can be inferred from the above conclusion.


Premise: Low price dumping refers to the behavior that operators sell goods at a price lower than the cost for the purpose of crowding out competitors.

Hypothesis: Spring is coming. A clothing store sells winter clothes at a low price is low price dumping according to the above definition.


Premise: City-to-city consumption: refers to the way that citizens often go to each other's city for shopping due to the convenient transportation between the two cities and the different prices.

Hypothesis: The option "Every time I hear that there is a shopping mall in Zhuhai for promotion, Ms. Li from Shenzhen will happily rush to go shopping. For half a day, the home is full of her trophies" is for city swap consumption.


Premise: Theater critic: The theater is in a dismal state. Audiences are sparse and revenue is down. Without the audience and the revenue, the talented and creative people who are the lifeblood of the theater are abandoning it. No wonder standards are deteriorating. Producer: It' s not true that the theater is in decline. Don' t you realize that your comments constitute a self-fulfilling prophecy? By publishing these opinions, you yourself are discouraging new audiences from emerging and new talent from joining the theater.

Hypothesis: Focusing on the effects of the critic's evaluation rather than on its content is a questionable technique employed by the producer in responding to the critic.


Premise: In the face of a major epidemic, timely release of authoritative information and open and transparent response to public concerns can effectively solve the problem of information asymmetry, reduce the space for the spread of false information such as rumors, and better maintain social stability. For some time, relevant departments and relevant institutions have released data on confirmed, suspected, cured and dead people in a timely manner. Some Internet enterprises have used big data, cloud computing and visualization technology to launch products such as Real-time epidemic situation dynamic, Co-ride patient query system and Fever Clinic Map, which simultaneously popularize scientific protection knowledge, effectively meet the information needs of the public, and guide the masses to look at the epidemic rationally. Enhance self-prevention awareness and protection ability.

Hypothesis: The content that this text is meant to emphasize is that openness and transparency of information contribute to epidemic prevention.


Premise: The multiple cropping index refers to the ratio of the total sown area of crops to the area of arable land within a year, and is generally expressed as a percentage. The level of the multiple cropping index is restricted by the local sunshine, soil, water conservancy, fertilizer, labor, and scientific and technological conditions. Good sunshine conditions, Long frost-free period, sufficient moisture, reasonable interplanting, etc. are the basis for improving the multiple cropping index.

Hypothesis: The multiple cropping index exceeding 100% is correct about the multiple index according to the above definition.


Premise: The key is unlocked and the lock is the problem. The key that can open the lock is the useful key and the management that can solve the problem is the effective management. There are all kinds of locks and keys. Trying to open ten thousand locks with one key can only be ideal, not reality. Although the principle of the key is universal, whether it is really effective or not lies in being good at thinking. Lock has division of labor, division of labor is not separation, authorization is not loss of power. A remote control is required for authorization. Remote control should choose its important ones, grasp the leading aspects of principal contradictions and contradictions, control head, that is, control thought and behavior, and foot, that is, control resources and funds. This is the key: no matter how useful it is, no matter how complicated the operation is.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Management should be the key and the key should work' is the most appropriate summary of this passage.


Premise: Sanderson intentionally did not tell his cousin about overhearing someone say that the factory would close, knowing that if he withheld this information, his cousin would assume it would remain open. Clearly this was morally wrong. After all, lying is morally wrong. And making a statement with the intention of misleading someone is lying. True, it was Sanderson' s failing to state something that misled his cousin. Yet there is no moral difference between stating and failing to state if they are done with the same intention.

Hypothesis: Sanderson believed that the factory would in fact be closing is an assumption required by the argument.


Premise: The important parts of any university professor' s job include not only classroom teaching but also research, publication, and lectures to colleagues and the public. This is why university professors who are good classroom teachers but have not engaged in any other scholarly activities are usually denied tenure.

Hypothesis: The statement 'University professors who have not failed to perform important parts of their jobs are not usually denied tenure' is most strongly supported by the information above.


Premise: The researchers put themice in a labyrinth space to observe their stress behavior patterns. They found that in open, brightly lit places, mice felt stressed and panicked and found ways to escape, while drugs or genes inhibited the production of certain proteins in the amygdala of the mice brain. they will no longer have similar stress behavior patterns in the same area. The researchers concluded that the activity of this protein determines the stress resistance of mice, which in turn determines its stress behavior pattern.

Hypothesis: If the mice does not feel panic in an open, brightly lit place, then the function of the amygdala to produce this protein is inhibited can be derived from this.


Premise: According to probability theory, tossing a fair coin has almost equal probability of getting heads and tails. I bet with people that if the coin toss comes heads, I win; if it comes tails, I lose. I tossed a coin 6 times and it all came up tails, and I've lost 6 times in a row. So my next few tosses are definitely heads up and will definitely win back.

Hypothesis: It doesn't make sense, because each toss is an independent event, unrelated to the previous results is an appropriate evaluation of I's reasoning.


Premise: When the director group of a large evening party conducted the final review of the festival, six programs have not yet been determined to pass. These six programs are Song A, Song B, Crosstalk C, Crosstalk D, Dance E, and Magic F. With comprehensive consideration of various factors, the director team determined the following plans: (1) Song A and Song B must be passed at least one; (2) If the cross talk C cannot pass or the cross talk D cannot pass, then the song A cannot pass; (3) If the cross talk C cannot pass, then magic F can't pass; (4) Only dance E can pass, song B can pass. The director team finally determined that dance E can't pass.

Hypothesis: It is impossible to determine whether Magic F will pass can be inferred.


Premise: The reason J. S. Bach is remembered is not that he had a high ratio of outstanding compositions to mediocre compositions. It is rather because he was such a prolific composer. He wrote more than a thousand full-fledged compositions, so it was inevitable that some of them would be outstanding and, being outstanding, survive the ages.

Hypothesis: Several of Bach's contemporaries who produced more works than he did have been largely forgotten most seriously weakens the argument.


Premise: Emotion is an important feature of mankind's artistic mastery of the world. Art aesthetics is precisely to regulate art objects with emotions, infect and inspire art appreciators.

Hypothesis: The statement "Art is aimed at noble human emotions" is correct.


Premise: Business Ethics Investigator: XYZ Coin Exchange has always misled its customers that some of its coins are very rare. In fact, those coins are relatively common and easy to get. XYZ Coin Exchange: This is ridiculous, XYZ Coin The exchange is one of the largest coin exchanges in the world. We sell coins that have been certified by an internationally certified company and have a coin distribution license. XYZ coin exchange's answer is very unconvincing, because it...

Hypothesis: Listed the advantages of XYZ coin exchange, but did not answer the question of the business ethics investigator is the most appropriate as a link to the above.


Premise: There is a lack of financial support for the development of rural tourism, which urgently needs to be solved. Rural tourism scenic spot is a multi-faceted open area which belongs to the public space. The government is duty-bound to improve the development environment. By integrating financial funds, they can promote the upgrading of scenic spots, encourage all localities to increase financial support in the form of prizes instead of compensation, build first and then make up; they can pry financial funds to build a docking platform between banks and the government, solve the loan problems of operators, and increase credit to rural tourism. New financing models such as PPP and crowdfunding can also encourage social capital to enter the countryside so that rural tourism can be invested, well built and well managed.

Hypothesis: The passage emphasizes the importance of promoting multi-channel investment and financing in the development of rural tourism.


Premise: Honest cadres are cadres of good conduct, wholeheartedly for the people are strict with themselves cadres. The degeneration of some corrupt elements is the result of relaxing strict requirements on themselves. The cadre that seeks personal gain wholeheartedly is not a cadre of moral integrity, a cadre that seeks personal gain is also impossible to become a cadre of one mind for the people.Zhang Runtime is a respectable cadre.

Hypothesis: Zhang Aga is not a cadre who seeks personal gain according to the above definition.


Premise: Nowadays, film creations make a lot of repeated use of hot topics. There is a market for a theme, and many people flock on it, which is not a healthy film ecology. In contrast, the excavation of national culture is rare, such as the development of traditional festivals such as Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, and the use of national artistic elements such as Kunqu Opera and Huangmei Opera. Once the cultural wealth of the Chinese nation is excavated attentively, what is presented in front of the creators is a splendid treasure house of art, and domestic films will also usher in a spring of a hundred flowers blooming.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Domestic movies should dig deep into the treasure of national culture' is the most accurate summary of the main thrust of this passage.


Premise: Small stories reveal great strategies, while details reveal wisdom of survival. True success does not come from a panacea or a sidetrack, but from a key in the hands of each of us. That is to pay attention to every detail of the living environment, implement every detail, do small things fine, do details thoroughly.

Hypothesis: The author thinks that looking for inspiration is the key to success.


Premise: Under the condition of pollution, organisms can enrich and detoxify pollutants in the body by combining fixation, metabolism, detoxification and compartment action. Among them, the detoxification ability of organisms is the basis of biological resistance. Organisms with strong detoxification ability have resistance, but the detoxification ability is not the whole of resistance. Organisms with strong resistance may not have strong detoxification ability.

Hypothesis: The statement "Resistant organisms must have strong detoxification ability" can be inferred from the information above.


Premise: A recent study proves that at least some people possess an independent sixth sensethat allows them to detect whether someone is watching them. In the study, subjects were seated one at a time in the center of a room facing away from a large window. On average, subjects decided correctly 60 percent of the time whether or not they were being watched through the window.

Hypothesis: Most of the time, subjects said they were being watched, if true, most supports the conclusion drawn from the study mentioned above.


Premise: A, B, C, and D discussed how their classmates completed their homework. A said: All the students in the class have finished their homework. B said: If Xiao Li finishes his homework, then Xiao Zhao hasn't finished his homework. C Say: Xiao Li finished his homework. D said: Someone in the class did not finish his homework.

Hypothesis: What A said is wrong, Xiao Zhao didn't finish his homework can be derived.


Premise: Although aspirin has been proven to eliminate moderate fever associated with some illnesses, many doctors no longer routinely recommend its use for this purpose. A moderate fever stimulates the activity of the body's disease-fighting white blood cells and also inhibits the growth of many strains of disease-causing bacteria.

Hypothesis: Aspirin can prolong a patient's illness by eliminating moderate fever helpful in fighting some diseases is the conclusion most strongly supported by the statements above if they are true.


Premise: After conducting 5.1 million ocean tests around the world between the 1950s and 1990s, scientists at the Oceanographic Digital Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration pointed out thatDuring global warming, most of the heat is absorbed by the ocean. In the past 40 years, the sea water temperature has increased by an average of 0.31 degrees Celsius within 300 meters below the surface and by an average of 0.06 degrees Celsius within three kilometers.

Hypothesis: According to the above conclusion, American scientists have proved with a large number of data that the sea water temperature is rising.


Premise: A certain group company has six departments: production department, sales department, R & D department, personnel department, finance department and legal department. There are six office buildings from front to back: Wu ,Ji, Geng , Xin , Ren  and Gui . Each department has a building, and the arrangement of each department meets the following requirements: (1) the sales department is in front of the finance department and the production department. (2) the personnel department is immediately after the R & D department or the production department; (3) the legal department is followed by the R & D department or the sales department.

Hypothesis: The sales department is in the Wu building if the legal department is in the Ren building.


Premise: After full testing and investigation, the CDC experts determined the following facts: (1) If both Jiang and Zhang were infected with the H7N9 new avian influenza virus, then Li was not infected; (2) Li was infected with the H7N9 new avian influenza virus, and Wang's statement is correct; (3) Only Wang's statement is incorrect, Zhang has not been infected with the H7N9 new avian influenza virus.

Hypothesis: Jiang is not infected with the H7N9 new avian influenza virus, Zhang is infected can be derived from the above facts.


Premise: Chemical regulation means that the way to solve the problem is not direct, but to transform the problem into a problem to be solved or a problem that is easy to solve, and then go back to get the answer to the original problem.

Hypothesis: Xiao Zhao adopted the principle of easy before difficult, and soon completed a lot of physics homework assigned by the teacher does not belong to reduction.


Premise: There is a widespread belief that people can predict impending earthquakes from unusual animal behavior. Skeptics claim that this belief is based on selective coincidence: people whose dogs behaved oddly just before an earthquake will be especially likely to remember that fact. At any given time, the skeptics say, some of the world' s dogs will be behaving oddly.

Hypothesis: Clarification of whether the animal behavior supposedly predictive of earthquakes is specific to impending earthquakes or can be any kind of unusual behavior would be most important to an evaluation of the skeptics' position.


Premise: Social relief means that through the redistribution of national income, the state gives free assistance to social members who are unable to maintain the minimum standard of living due to natural disasters or other economic and social reasons, so as to ensure their minimum standard of living.

Hypothesis: The state distributing property to the people in the disaster-stricken areas is social relief.


Premise: Policy: The factory' s safety inspector should not approve a new manufacturing process unless it has been used safely for more than a year at another factory or it will demonstrably increase safety at the factory. Application: The safety inspector should not approve the proposed new welding process, for it cannot be shown to increase safety at the factory.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The factory at which the new welding process was first introduced has had several problems associated with the process' justifies the above application of the policy.


Premise: Terry: If You want to get a decent job, you should go to college. Mark: That is not true. There are other reasons to go to college than wanting to get a good job.

Hypothesis: Mark's response shows that he interpreted Terry's remarks to mean that all people who want decent jobs go to college.


Premise: For me, in 50 years of spring, summer, autumn and winter, flowers bloom and fall, never give up and follow each other. When I was a teenager, I was obsessed with chasing her, and she always left me far behind; When I was young, I walked with her hand in hand, warm, bitter, and dreams echoed in each other's hearts; When we were middle-aged, we were on each side of the sky, lovesickness, love and nostalgia, which were dense in our strong memory; When I was old, I unconsciously ran ahead of Nian. Although I slowed down again and again, as soon as I looked back, Nian's shadow lay on me. I couldn't pull it down and throw it away. Since then, I no longer love Nian, love Nian and think about Nian. I began to fear Nian and even hate Nian.

Hypothesis: If you ignore Nian more and more, she will follow you. If you don't pay attention, she will suddenly cross in front of you, block your way and trip your feet is correct according to the above materials.


Premise: The area of floating ice in the Arctic sea area is gradually decreasing, with a total reduction of about 20%, making it difficult for polar bears to have a long-term foothold on the floating ice. In addition, some countries hunt and kill a large number of seals, making it less and less for polar bears to prey on seals on the floating ice. When we came to a bay near 80 degrees north latitude on the northwest coast of Spitsbergen Island, the Arctic, We were surprised to shoot the whole process of polar bear fishing. We saw that polar bears changed their habit of feeding on seals and not going into the water and began to jump out of the cold water to catch fish.

Hypothesis: The Arctic environment is getting worse and worse is fully shown by this passage.


Premise: Man is born of nature, and man and nature are in a symbiotic relationship, and damage to nature will eventually damage human beings. Therefore, only by respecting the laws of nature can we effectively prevent detours in the development and utilization of nature.

Hypothesis: From the above statement, it can be concluded that if we do not respect the laws of nature, we cannot effectively prevent detours in the development and utilization of nature.


Premise: One name-brand cereal manufacturer is about to reduce wholesale prices for its cereals by 20 percent because consumers have been switching from its cereals to cheaper store brands. The success of this strategy relies on the assumption that supermarkets will pass on all of the savings by lowering the prices they charge consumers for the manufacturer' s cereals. Although supermarkets usually pass on such savings, in this case it is likely that supermarkets not do so because__.

Hypothesis: The wholesale price of Kellogg's Corn Flakes will be reduced by 10 percent next month, and several other name-brand cereal manufacturers are about to reduce the wholesale prices of their cereals.


Premise: Five undergraduate students, Xiaohua, Xiaofeng, Xiaoming, Xiaogang and Xiaoqiang, live in a dormitory. When determining the instructor of the thesis for the academic year, they will be assigned to one of Mr. Zhang, Mr. Wang and Mr. Li respectively. Mr. Zhang only studies ancient literature, Mr. Wang only studies lexicology and ancient philology, and Mr. Li only studies syntax and lexicology. Each instructor can guide up to two people, and each student is interested in only one research direction of the assigned instructor. It is known that: (1) Xiaofeng and Xiaogang were assigned to Mr. Wang; (2) Xiao Hua was assigned to Mr. Li.

Hypothesis: If each student is assigned to the instructor according to his or her own interests, Xiaoming is interested in lexicology and Xiaoqiang is interested in ancient literature does not conform to the statement of the subject.


Premise: Recently, the latest data analysis of the Aeronautics and Space Administration in a certain country confirmed that the signal detected by the Curiosity Mars rover on Mars in June 2013 was a methane signal. Based on this, some people inferred that the methane may come from organisms living in Gale crater, which indicates that there must be life on Mars.

Hypothesis: Methane found on Mars may be caused by the impact of meteorites, causing the methane gas stored in the ground to be continuously released would most question the above inference.


Premise: Although this bottle is labeled vinegar,  no fizzing occurred when some of the liquid in it was added to powder from this box labeled baking soda.  But when an acidic liquid such as vinegar is added to baking soda the resulting mixture fizzes, so this bottle clearly has been mislabeled.

Hypothesis: The flaw in the reasoning in the argument above is that it fails to exclude an alternative explanation for the observed effect.


Premise: Between 1951 and 1963, it was illegal in the country 25. of Geronia to manufacture, sell, or transport any alcoholic beverages. Despite this prohibition, however, the death rate from diseases related to excessive alcohol consumption was higher during the first five years of the period than it was during the five years prior to 1951. Ttherefore, the attempt to prevent alcohol use merely made people want and use alcohol more than they would have if it had not been forbidden.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The diseases that can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption can also be caused by other kinds of behavior that increased between 1951 and 1963' does not weaken the argument.


Premise: Researchers recently found that there is an area called thalamic pillow deep in the brain. It's like a receptionist for information. It is responsible for classifying and sorting out the information of external stimuli, and focuses people's attention on the most important information about behavior and survival. The researchers point out that the discovery is expected to lead to new treatments for disorders caused by lack of attention, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia and so on.

Hypothesis: The assumption that the brain cannot process too much information in detail at the same time, and only selectively focuses its attention on the things that are most relevant to behavior is made by the above argument.


Premise: Water tourism is a short-term experience with social, leisure and consumption attributes that people go to the water body and surrounding areas for the main purpose of seeking pleasure. At present, it has gradually become an important carrier of people's leisure fashion and regional tourism development. Water tourism resources refer to the natural landscape and cultural landscape which are attractive to people, such as water area (water body) and associated shore land, island, forest and grass, architecture and so on.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, a building standing on the bank of the Yangtze River and becoming the background for tourists to take photos is not a water tourism resource.


Premise: It is generally believed that the outcome of tossing a coin of even quality is random. But in fact, the result of the toss is determined by the momentum and the initial height. Still, making accurate predictions about the outcome of a coin toss is difficult.

Hypothesis: Accurate prediction of the outcome of a coin toss requires extremely accurate estimates of the initial height and momentum of the coin toss most explains the phenomenon stated in the above, that the outcome of the toss is determined by certain factors, but the prediction is difficult.


Premise: early education, which originated in Germany, is an interactive activity that allows children to achieve physical, emotional, intellectual, personality, spiritual and other aspects of coordinated development and healthy growth in the process of playing and communicating with their parents. to put it simply, it is a way of interaction between parents and children, which aims to promote the growth of children. The early education of Chinese families is a different story. In a survey of early education, it is found that advanced education for young children is mainly focused on literacy, reading, computer, English and Japanese, etc.; except that many kindergartens have been involved in characteristic classes, parents spend more time taking their children to attend training courses and work on Chinese, English and math.

Hypothesis: Early Education has deviated from the essence in China conforms to the context.


Premise: In the nation of Partoria, large trucks currently account for 6 percent of miles driven on Partoria' s roads but are involved in 12 percent of all highway fatalities. The very largest trucks-those with three trailers-had less than a third of the accident rate of single- and double-trailer trucks. Clearly, ttherefore, one way for Partoria to reduce highway deaths would be to require shippers to increase their use of triple-trailer trucks.

Hypothesis: In Partoria, the maximum legal payload of a triple-trailer truck is less than three times the maximum legal payload of the largest of the single-trailer trucks most seriously weakens the argument.


Premise: In a magic show, from the seven magicians - G.H.K.L.N.P and Q, select 6 to perform, perform into two teams: 1 team and 2 team. Each team by the front, middle and after three positions, playing the magician just each occupies a position, the selection and position arrangement of the magician must meet the following conditions :(1) if the arrangement of G or H play, they must be in the front. (2) If K is to play, he must be in the middle. (3) If L is to play, he must be in team 1. (4) Neither P nor K can be on the same team as N. (5) P cannot be in the same team as Q. (6) If H is in team 2, Q is in the middle position of team 1.

Hypothesis: If H is in team 2, Front: L Middle: Q Rear: N is listed as an acceptable arrangement for team 1.


Premise: Some good things are not cheap. Therefore, not all cheap things are good things.

Hypothesis: Some people are not selfish, therefore people are not all selfish is not valid for the above conclusion.


Premise: A former vice president of the Shanxi vinegar industry association said that only 5% of the Shanxi aged vinegar sold on the market is the real Shanxi aged vinegar without additives. A vice president of the China seasoning Association said in an interview with reporters on the incident: as long as additives are added according to national standards, there is no safety problem. Some enterprises emphasize that they do not add additives, which is unfair to enterprises that add additives according to normal standards.

Hypothesis: The national standard of an industry is too high, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry can be logically derived from the words of the vice president of the seasoning association.


Premise: According to a study concerning environmental economics, any manufacturer that offers an environmentally sound lawnmower, such as a manual push mower, will almost certainly reap a huge profit because consumers say that they want a mower that requires neither gasoline nor electricity. A spokesman for the trade association of gasoline lawnmower manufacturers asserted that this claim had little factual support.

Hypothesis: A majority of the public believes that the price of gasoline is too high would best support the claim made by the spokesperson.


Premise: Endogenous development is a kind of development that is mainly promoted and participated by the interior of the development area, makes full use of the strength and resources of the development area, respects its own value and system, and explores a development path suitable for its own development.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, farmers in mountainous areas setting up rattan weaving cooperatives to bring rattan weaving products into the international market belongs to endogenous development.


Premise: City Official: At City Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewer procedures performed than do insured patients, even though insured patients, on average, have slightly less serious medical problems at the time of admission to the hospital than uninsured patients have. Critics of the hospital have concluded that <b> the uninsured patients are not receiving proper medical care </b>. However, <b> this conclusion is almost certainly false </b>. Careful investigation has recently shown two things: insured patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.

Hypothesis: The two boldface portions in the city official's argument play the roles of supporting the conclusion of the city official's argument and stating that conclusion.


Premise: In fact, just as it is impossible for the New Culture Movement to shake the firm position of Confucianism in Chinese culture, the waterflooding articles and the concept of flying all over the world will not completely stifle the spirit of Puxue in the Qing Dynasty.Fond of great achievements and illusory, following the so-called heel of the West with a few nouns will only produce a pile of written rubbish, which will not be able to gain a foothold for a long time and will be despised by the Western academic circles. On the contrary, if we do not abandon our students' tradition and do knowledge in a down-to-earth manner, we can establish a strong opposite in front of Westerners.

Hypothesis: Only by adhering to China's academic tradition can we have great prospects can express the meaning of this passage.


Premise: The years 1917, 1937, 1956, 1968, 1979, and 1990 are all notable for the occurrence of both popular uprisings and near-maximum sunspot activity. During heavy sunspot activity, there is a sharp rise in positively charged ions in the air people breathe, and positively charged ions are known to make people anxious and irritable. Ttherefore, it is likely that sunspot activity has actually been a factor in triggering popular uprisings.

Hypothesis: The thirty healthiest people in a long-term medical study turned out to be the same thirty whose regular diets included the most vegetables. Since specific substances in vegetables are known to help the body fight disease, vegetables should be part of everyone's diet exhibits a pattern of reasoning most similar to that in the passage.


Premise: The football match in Master Cup 2003 China robot competition is going on. Three professors predict the final results: Professor Zhao said: The champion is not Tsinghua University team or Zhejiang University team. Professor Qian said: The champion is not Tsinghua University team, but China University of Science and Technology team. Professor Sun said: The champion is not the China University of Science and Technology team, but the Tsinghua University team. The competition results show that only one of them is right in both judgments, one is right and one is wrong, and the other is all wrong.

Hypothesis: Tsinghua University team is likely to win the championship based on the above.


Premise: Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that human beings enjoy or should enjoy according to their essence. On the surface, human rights are superficial and transcending national boundaries, and they represent the rights of the whole human being,but this is only an ideal.As far as the reality of human rights is concerned, it is always restricted by certain conditions. Like any other right, it can never exceed the economic structure of the society and the development of social culture restricted by the economic structure.

Hypothesis: The reality of human rights is its conditionality can be inferred.


Premise: A warehouse has six warehouses and is arranged in order from 1 to 6. There are six kinds of goods, namely F, G, L, M, P and T. Each warehouse stores exactly one of the six kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse. The following conditions need to be met when storing goods: (1) the warehouse number for storing goods G is larger than that for storing L. (2) the warehouse number for storing goods L is larger than that for storing T. (3) the warehouse number for storing goods P is larger than that for storing F.(4)the warehouse for storing goods T is next to the warehouse for storing goods P.

Hypothesis: G cannot be stored in warehouse 4.


Premise: Archaeologist: Neanderthals, a human-like species living 60, 000 years ago, probably preserved meat by smoking it. Burnt lichen and grass have been found in many Neanderthal fireplaces. A fire of lichen and grass produces a lot of smoke but does not produce nearly as much heat or light as a wood fire.

Hypothesis: If true, the statement 'Some of the fireplaces containing burnt lichen are in regions in which lichen is not believed to have been plentiful and so would have had to have been brought in from some distance' would most weaken the archaeologist's argument.


Premise: Rational expectation means that if people are rational when anticipating an economic phenomenon, they will make full use of the information they get to take action without making systematic mistakes.

Hypothesis: Lao Liu immediately bought a house nearby, because it was rumored that a key middle school branch would be built in the south of the city is a rational expectation according to the above definition.


Premise: Some scientific issues are so complex and counterintuitive that they cannot be well understood by readers of popular magazines. Nonetheless, stories about these difficult scientific issues are frequently the ones that these readers would find most fascinating. Unfortunately, this means that some of the scientific stories that would be most interesting to readers are usually not covered in popular magazines since__.

Hypothesis: The statement "popular magazines cannot stay in business unless they regularly publish stories that their readers find interesting" strongly supports the conclusion of the argument.


Premise: From parchment, bamboo tube to paper, the invention of movable type printing, from Morse code, binary code to image digitization, the carrier of cultural products is becoming lighter and lighter, and the dissemination of spiritual products is becoming faster and faster. In particular, the invention and application of the Internet just broke the space-time boundary of cultural content dissemination, allowing text, video, Music can also be transmitted to any corner of the earth in an instant. At the same time, with the help of various new tools of scientific and technological innovation, people can make wonderful animation games, digital films and television, mobile newspapers, online publishing, audio books and so on at a faster speed, and create brand-new cultural industries.

Hypothesis: Scientific and technological innovation provides tools and carriers for cultural innovation is the main explanation provided in the passage.


Premise: In a restaurant, all the dishes belong to Sichuan cuisine or Cantonese cuisine. There is Sichuan cuisine in Mr. Zhang's order. Therefore, Mr. Zhang ordered no Cantonese cuisine.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The restaurant rule: you don't need to order Cantonese cuisine if you order Sichuan cuisine; but if you order Cantonese cuisine, you must also order Sichuan cuisine' should be added to make the above argument true.


Premise: For one academic year all the students at a high school were observed. The aim was to test the hypothesis that studying more increased a student' s chances of earning a higher grade. It turned out that the students who spent the most time studying did not earn grades as high as did many students who studied less. Nonetheless, the researchers concluded that the results of the observation supported the initial hypothesis.

Hypothesis: The statement 'In each course, the more a student studied, the better his or her grade was in that course' most helps to explain why the researchers drew the conclusion described above.


Premise: Asa general rule, the larger a social group of primates, the more time its members spend grooming one another. The main purpose of this social grooming is the maintenance of social cohesion. Furthermore, group size among primates tends to increase proportionally with the size of the neocortex, the seat of higher thought in the brain. Extrapolating upon the relationship between group size and neocortex size, we can infer that early human groups were quite large. But unexpectedly, there is strong evidence that, apart from parents grooming their children, these humans spent virtually no time grooming one another.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Early humans were not as extensively covered with hair as are other primates, and consequently they had less need for social grooming' would do most to resolve the apparent discrepancy described above.


Premise: In recent years, the house price of our country has been soaring. In August 2007, the State Council decided to solve the housing problem of 10 million urban low-income families by expanding the low-rent housing system. To achieve this goal, the government needs to subsidize leases or provide low-rent housing, while to build housing, land and funds are needed. A reporter reports on low-income families stepping into the era of low-rent housing, which shows that he is confident of achieving this goal.

Hypothesis: The State Council requires local governments to spend at least 10% of the net income from land sales on the security of low-rent housing will not boost the confidence of the reporter.


Premise: Ecologist: Landfills are generally designed to hold ten years' worth of waste. Some people maintain that as the number of active landfills consequently dwindles over the coming decade, there will inevitably be a crisis in landfill availability. However, their prediction obviously relies on the unlikely assumption that no new landfills will open as currently active ones close and is ttherefore unsound.

Hypothesis: The claim that there will be a crisis in landfill availability plays the role of a claim on which the argument as a whole is designed to cast doubt.


Premise: The task of history is to enable people to understand the causal relationship contained in the historical process itself through the retrospection of the past years and the correct revelation of the laws of history, so as to obtain wisdom and better connect the past and the future.

Hypothesis: The central meaning of this passage is that history can enable people to gain wisdom from the past years.


Premise: Although winter is approaching, the price of oil used by industrial consumers is particularly low this year and may remain. Therefore, unless the winter is particularly cold, the price of natural gas used by industrial consumers may also remain at a low level.

Hypothesis: Industrial users who consume large amounts of natural gas can quickly and cheaply switch to using oil as an alternative best supports the above conclusion.


Premise: What is magical realism? To put it simply is to put a magical cloak on reality without harming the truth of reality. This is the most important school of novels in Latin America in the 20th century, which originated in the 1930s, mainly manifested in the exploration of American Indian and black myths and legends, and evolved into a profound reflection on the social reality of Latin America after the 1940s. Through the appearance of various mythological archetypes to show the mix of Latin American culture and social deformities. The reason why magical realism can take root in Latin America is closely related to the unique civilization and social reality of this continent.

Hypothesis: The influence of Latin American Civilization and Social characteristics on Magic realism is most likely to be introduced next.


Premise: It is impossible to hope to bring more convenience to life through the Cloud serviceof information technology, but at the same time do not want to bear the risk of personal information being leaked.

Hypothesis: It is possible not to risk the leak of personal information if you do not use the cloud service best describes the situation described in the passage.


Premise: All of Cuizhu's college classmates work in a German-funded enterprise. Xi Lan is a university classmate of Cuizhu, and Jian Song is the department manager of the German-funded enterprise. Some of the employees of the German-funded company are from Huai'an. The employees of the German-funded company have gone to Germany to study, and they all speak German.

Hypothesis: Xilan can speak German can be derived from the given statements.


Premise: The study found that the birth defect rate of IVF is about 9%, and that of naturally conceived infants is about 6.6%. The proportion of eye defects of these two parts of infants is 0.3% and 0.2%, the proportion of cardiac abnormalities is 5% and 3%, and the proportion of reproductive system defects is 1.5% and 1%, respectively. Therefore, it can be explained that the birth defect rate of IVF is higher than that of naturally conceived infants.

Hypothesis: Most parents who choose IVF technology have abnormal reproductive system function, which will increase the failure rate of this technology questions this conclusion most.


Premise: How to guard against bicycle thieves? Don't mention the 24-hour surveillance video. The camera often generates a large amount of image data. Even if the theft is recorded, it is often ignored during playback. In Britain, where surveillance video is very popular, more than 500,000 bicycles are stolen every year, of which less than 5% can finally return to their original owners.

Hypothesis: The passage mainly explains that you should be more careful when playing back surveillance video data.


Premise: First legislator: Medical research is predominantly done on groups of patients that include only men. For example, the effects of coffee drinking on health are evaluated only for men, and studies are lacking on hormone treatments for older women. Government-sponsored medical research should be required to include studies of women. Second legislator: Considerations of male / female balance such as this are inappropriate with respect to research; they have no place in science.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Serving as a subject for medical research can provide a patient access to new treatments but also can subject the patient to risks' most directly counters the second legislator's objection.


Premise: If people leave culture, leave the creation and accumulation of culture, and leave the value and meaning of the cultural world, they will naturally lose the meaning of realistic cultural value, and it will be impossible to really realize human essence. On the other hand, if culture leaves people, it will become water without a source.

Hypothesis: The argument is supported by the statement 'Culture and the realization of human essence are interdependent.'


Premise: In the face of earthquakes, science is still promising. Through the study of seismic waves, it is found that seismic waves include P-waves and S-waves. The former propagates faster but has less destructive power, while the latter is the opposite. Therefore, through the seismic monitoring network, people monitor the P-waves of seismic waves with faster propagation speed and send signals to the monitoring center, The monitoring center can send an alarm to the public and key facilities by radio waves through the client. In other words, the earthquake alarm is a race between radio waves and seismic shear waves, which can warn people when the seismic shear waves have not yet arrived.

Hypothesis: This passage is intended to explain that the accuracy and speed of earthquake warning systems need to be improved.


Premise: All actors are exuberant people and all exuberant people are extroverts, but nevertheless it is true that some shy people are actors.

Hypothesis: Some shy people are extroverts is not necessarily true if the statements above are true.


Premise: Researcher: The use of the newest drug in treating this disease should be discontinued. The treatment usually wreaks havoc with the normal functioning of the human body, causing severe side effects such as total loss of hair, debilitating nausea, and intense pain in the joints.

Hypothesis: The argument's reasoning is flawed because the argument fails to consider the consequences of not administering the treatment.


Premise: There are seven candidates hired by Haier: F, G, H, I, W, X and Y, of which one needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department and three to the sales department. The personnel allocation of these seven employees must meet the following conditions: (1) H and Y must be assigned to the same department. (2) F and G cannot be assigned to the same department. (3) if X is assigned to the sales department, W is assigned to the production department. (4) F must be assigned to the production department.

Hypothesis: If the statement 'I and W are assigned to the sales department' is true, then the allocation of seven employees can be fully determined.


Premise: Ms. Zheng said that the GDP growth rate of Hengyuan City was higher than that of Yiyang City in the past decade, so the economic outlook of Hengyuan City was better than that of Yiyang City.Mr. Hu said, I don't agree with you. Although the GDP growth rate of Hengyuan City is higher than that of Yiyang City, the GDP value of Yiyang City is higher.

Hypothesis: The focus of the dispute between Ms. Zheng and Mr. Hu is whether or not a city's GDP growth rate indicates a good economic prospect.


Premise: Once a small advertising light box can kill about 350000 insects a year. The night as bright as day will also seriously affect the life cycle of insects, especially adults. Insects are an important link in the natural food chain. Many small animals, birds and bats take insects as their main food, and many plants are pollinated by insects. If the species and number of insects change, It will seriously affect the ecological environment. The pressure of excessive lighting on energy waste and environmental pollution is self-evident.

Hypothesis: The passage is intended to emphasize the interference of light pollution on natural ecological balance.


Premise: Gao Ming must be a master swimmer, because he goes swimming every day.

Hypothesis: The premise 'Unless you are a good swimmer, people don't go swimming every day' serves as the basis for the above conclusion.


Premise: Because the conclusions of quantum theory are counterintuitive, some scientists hold different views on the theory. Although they try to strictly show that the assertion of quantum theory is imprecise (that is, they try to strictly falsify it), they find that its error is usually reasonable. within the accepted statistical range. These results of quantum theory differ from those of competing theories, and it seems reasonable to accept quantum theory.

Hypothesis: The principle that if an attempt is made to strictly falsify a theory, but it has stood all the tests, then it should be accepted is most helpful in justifying the above reasoning.


Premise: Environmental impact assessment refers to the investigation, prediction and evaluation of what impact the plan or project will have on the atmosphere, water, soil, organisms and the environmental system composed of them, and what impact the results of these impacts will have on human health and living environment, as well as the natural environment, economy, culture and historical environment, Based on this, the countermeasures and measures to prevent or reduce environmental pollution and damage are formulated.

Hypothesis: Before the construction of an airport, a city predicted the aircraft noise and put forward some suggestions on land use control around the airport belongs to environmental impact assessment according to the above definition.


Premise: A team of researchers compiled brain data from more than 140 non-human animals. to study why primate brains are larger than other vertebrates.In the study, the researchers not only considered the socialization of primates, such as race size, social systems and mating systems.Their eating habits were also studied, and whether they ate leaves, fruit or omnivores.According to the researchers, dietary habits are the main reason for the large size of the primate's brain.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The results of the study did not show a relationship between fruit or leaf intake and brain volume in the same primate species' best supports the above conclusions.


Premise: Four contestants, Zhang, Liu, Li and Zhao, who were not familiar with each other, participated in the university speech contest. They come from mathematics, logic, literature and history majors. Before the game, the four people made the following guesses: Zhang: Zhao's major is logic; Liu: Li's major is literature; Li: Zhang's major is not mathematics; Zhao: Liu's major is history. It was learned afterwards that only the guesses of mathematics and logic professionals were correct.

Hypothesis: Zhang's major is Mathematics, Liu's major is logic, Li's major is literature and Zhao's major is history based on the above information.


Premise: Personal morality consists of moral cognition, moral emotion, moral will and moral behavior. Moral cognition is the primary link for the transformation of social moral requirements into personal internal morality and the basis for the formation of morality.

Hypothesis: We should advocate the construction of basic ethics in the whole society is correct.


Premise: University graduates who have not obtained a teacher qualification certificate cannot be employed as teachers by schools in a certain area. All students in the history department of the normal university in that area must obtain a teacher qualification certificate before graduation. Therefore, any graduate of the history department of the university can be hired as a teacher in the area.

Hypothesis: If true, all students who have obtained teacher qualification certificates from the history department of the normal university in the area can graduate, can make the above argument stand.


Premise: Observatory director: Some say that funding the megatelescope will benefit only the astronomers who will work with it. This dangerous point of view, applied to the work of Maxwell, Newton, or Einstein, would have stifled their research and deprived the world of beneficial applications, such as the development of radio, that followed from that research.

Hypothesis: It does not show that the proposed megatelescope research is worthy of comparison with that of eminent scientists in its potential for applications is the strongest criticism of the argument that the statements above are put forward as an argument in favor of development of the megatelescope.


Premise: Last year a global disturbance of weather patterns disrupted harvests in many of the world's important agricultural areas. Worldwide production of soybeans, an important source of protein for people and livestock alike, was not adversely affected, however. Indeed, last year's soybean crop was actually slightly larger than average. Nevertheless, the weather phenomenon is probably responsible for a recent increase in the world price of soybeans.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Heavy rains attributable to the weather phenomenon improved grazing pastures last year, allowing farmers in many parts of the world to reduce their dependence on supplemental feed' provides the strongest justification for the attribution of the increase in soybean prices to the weather phenomenon.


Premise: Administrative License refers to a specific administrative act in which the administrative subject grants or confirms the legal qualification or legal right of the administrative counterpart to engage in certain activities by issuing licenses and other forms according to the application of the administrative counterpart and examination according to law under the general prohibition of law.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, after reviewing the qualification of an import enterprise, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce granted it import certification does not involve administrative licensing.


Premise: Wechat provides a vibrant public life, which makes it difficult to reach a consensus on public discussion rules. The renovation speed of social tools is far faster than the formation speed of public discussion rules. In other words, this rapidly gushing discussion enthusiasm and the pleasure of just getting rid of realistic rules make people unwilling to be subject to any framework, so that in recent years, what rules to follow to debate, It has also become a common topic of public debate. As an expert said, shared media can promote the development of social forces independent of the state, but it obviously needs a long multi-dimensional collision and repeated struggle to take shape. Wechat not only promotes the freedom of individual discourse and the equality of discourse power, but also makes this standing in line and tearing more frequent and lower cost.

Hypothesis: The passage mainly says that it is very difficult to form new rules of public discussion under shared media.


Premise: Nature constantly adjusts the atmospheric carbon level. An increase in the level causes the atmosphere to hold more heat, which causes more water to evaporate from the oceans, which causes increased rain. Rain washes some carbon from the air into the oceans, where it eventually becomes part of the seabed. A decrease in atmospheric carbon causes the atmosphere to hold less heat, which causes decreased evaporation from the oceans, which causes less rain, and thus less carbon is washed into the oceans. Yet some environmentalists worry that burning fossil fuels may raise atmospheric carbon to a dangerous level. It is true that a sustained increase would threaten human life. But the environmentalists should relax -- nature will continually adjust the carbon level.

Hypothesis: A decrease in the level of atmospheric heat causes a decrease in the level of carbon in the atmosphere cannot be inferred from the information in the passage.


Premise: Allowing more steel imports would depress domestic steel prices and harm domestic steel manufacturers. Since the present government will not do anything that would harm the domestic steel industry, it will not lift restrictions on steel imports.

Hypothesis: The pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which the statement 'Since workers are already guaranteed the right to a safe and healthful workplace by law, there is no need for the government to establish further costly health regulations for people who work all day at computer terminals' is made.


Premise: Editorial in Krenlandian Newspaper: Krenland' s steelmakers are losing domestic sales because of lower-priced imports, in many cases because foreign governments subsidize their steel industries in ways that are banned by international treaties. But whatever the cause, the cost is ultimately going to be jobs in Krenland' s steel industry. Ttherefore, it would protect not only steel companies but also industrial employment in Krenland if our government took measures to reduce cheap steel imports.

Hypothesis: For many Krenlandian manufacturers who face severe international competition in both domestic and export markets, steel constitutes a significant part of their raw material costs most seriously weakens the editorial's argument.


Premise: Crimes involving the use of guns are more likely to lead to homicides than other types of crimes, but most crimes involving the use of guns do not lead to homicides.Therefore, it is not necessary to distinguish the illegal use of guns as a serious criminal offence from other criminal offences in criminal law.

Hypothesis: Obese people are more likely to suffer from heart disease than normal weight people, but obesity accounts for only a small proportion of China's population, therefore there is no need for medical and health circles to emphasize the risk of heart disease is a similar logical loophole to the one in the above argument.


Premise: Among people who have a history of chronic trouble falling asleep, some rely only on sleeping pills to help them fall asleep, and others practice behavior modification techniques and do not take sleeping pills. Those who rely only on behavior modification fall asleep more quickly than do those who rely only on sleeping pills, so behavior modification is more effective than are sleeping pills in helping people to fall asleep.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The people who are the most likely to take sleeping pills rather than practice behavior modification techniques are those who have previously had the most trouble falling asleep' most weakens the argument.


Premise: The digital divide refers to the fact that people's information acquisition, information processing and information dissemination are all realized through digital technology due to the influence of information and the Internet. As a result, the gap between different individuals, groups or countries in ideology, economy, culture and politics is getting bigger and bigger.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, Xiao Zhao's obsession with online games and the disputes he has with his parents over it do not involve the digital divide.


Premise: The shooting at the convenience store occurred just before dawn this morning, and the last police officer did not leave the scene until late this afternoon. With all the commotion, no one could have been anywhere within the vicinity of the scene of the shooting and fail to notice it. Jeffrey must have noticed the scene, no matter what he says. He admits that he went to work as usual that morning, and the only way for him to get from his home to his worksite is to go past the convenience store.

Hypothesis: The main conclusion of the argument is that Jeffrey noticed the scene of the shooting this morning.


Premise: Health refers to a person with normal intelligence, reasonable behavior, can adapt to normal work, social interaction or study, and can resist general diseases.

Hypothesis: According to the definition of health, Lao Li, a university professor in his fifties, who is still energetic in his work and suffered from the flu this spring, belongs to health.


Premise: A natural history museum contains several displays of wild animals. These displays are created by drying and mounting animal skins. In some of the older displays, the animals' skins have started to deteriorate because of low humidity and the heat of the lights. The older displays are lit by tungsten lamps but the newer ones are lit by compact fluorescent lamps designed for use in museums. These lamps give off as much light as the tungsten lamps but less heat.

Hypothesis: The statements above, if true, most strongly support the statement 'The displays that are lit by many compact fluorescent lamps are more prone to deterioration than the displays that are lit by a few tungsten lamps'.


Premise: Trust, which cannot be sustained in the absence of mutual respect, is essential to any long-lasting relationship, personal or professional. However, personal relationships, such as marriage or friendship, additionally require natural affinity. If a personal relationship is to endure, it must be supported by the twin pillars of mutual respect and affinity.

Hypothesis: A friendship supported solely by trust and mutual respect will not be long-lasting if the statements above are true.


Premise: When an airplane is taken out of service for maintenance, it is often repainted as well, and during the repainting no other maintenance work can be done on the plane. In order to reduce maintenance time, airline officials are considering using a new nontoxic plastic film instead of paint. The film takes just as long to apply as paint does, but many other maintenance tasks can be carried out at the same time.

Hypothesis: At the end of its useful life, the film can be removed much more quickly than paint can is further evidence that using the film will help the airline officials achieve their goal.


Premise: A few days ago, young people known as Internet aborigines are becoming the main consumers of cultural products such as movies and TV dramas, and their preferences shape the direction of the market and the direction of creation. On the positive side, this is conducive to the formation of an effective docking between the supply and demand of creative products, so as to stimulate production and activate the market potential, but on the other hand, over-reliance on market demand may also lead to the creator's medium-and long-term loss. The new generation of young people have diverse interests and do not have a high degree of attention. in many cases, the resulting market demand does not have medium-and long-term vitality. If creators and producers blindly follow the ever-changing interests of young people, they will inevitably lose sight of one or the other and fall into a passive position. Therefore, creators and producers should carefully study the social basis and real and effective needs behind these interests.

Hypothesis: The paragraph that highlights the problems in the cultural and creative industry is 'Blindly cater to the preferences of the audience'.


Premise: Mate is a beverage found in much of South America. While it is uncertain where mate was first made, there are more varieties of it found in Paraguay than anywhere else. Also, mate is used more widely there than anywhere else. Ttherefore, Paraguay is likely the place where mate originated.

Hypothesis: It is rare for there to be a great variety of types of a beverage in a place where the beverage has not been in use for a very long time would most strengthen the argument.


Premise: Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia. The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia. Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.

Hypothesis: The statement "The present-day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia" most strengthens the argument.


Premise: Rationalization refers to the phenomenon that people will come up with various reasons to forgive themselves or justify their failure after setbacks.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, Xiao Wang's statement that those who did well in the exam depended on rote learning does not belong to the rationalization.


Premise: Lithium-ion battery is a very important energy storage technology, which is widely used in portable electronic devices and new energy vehicles. With the advent of the era of electric vehicles and smart grid, the large-scale development of lithium-ion battery is restricted by the bottleneck of lithium resource shortage. Compared with lithium, sodium has rich reserves, wide distribution, low cost, and similar physical and chemical properties to lithium. Therefore, the research of sodium ion battery has attracted extensive attention in scientific research and industry again. Compared with lithium-ion battery, sodium ion battery usually has low energy density. Although it is not suitable for the field of portable electronic equipment and electric vehicles with high demand for energy density, it is suitable for low-speed electric vehicles and communication base stations with low energy density and cost sensitivity, household energy storage and other fields.

Hypothesis: Lithium-ion batteries will not be completely replaced by sodium ion batteries matches the meaning of this passage.


Premise: Adaptation refers to the process of reorganization and transformation of the subject's cognitive structure caused when the original cognitive structure cannot assimilate the information provided by the new environment, that is, the process of the individual's cognitive structure changes due to the influence of external stimuli.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, Xiaofang's refusal of the stranger's invitation is an example of adaptation.


Premise: Travel agent: Although most low-fare airlines have had few, if any, accidents, very few such airlines have been in existence long enough for their safety records to be reliably established. Major airlines, on the other hand, usually have longstanding records reliably indicating their degree of safety. Hence, passengers are safer on a major airline than on one of the newer low-fare airlines.

Hypothesis: The criticism to which the reasoning in the travel agent's argument is most vulnerable is that the argument draws a general conclusion about how safe passengers are on different airlines on the basis of safety records that are each from too brief a period to adequately justify such a conclusion.


Premise: Insects can see ultraviolet light and are known to identify important food sources and mating sites by sensing the characteristic patterns of ultraviolet light that these things reflect. Insects are also attracted to Glomosus spiderwebs, which reflect ultraviolet light. Thus, insects are probably attracted to these webs because of the specific patterns of ultraviolet light that these webs reflect.

Hypothesis: When Drosophila fruit flies were placed before two Glomosus webs, one illuminated with white light containing an ultraviolet component and one illuminated with white light without an ultraviolet component, the majority flew to the ultraviolet reflecting web most strongly supports the argument.


Premise: Monday syndrome: It refers to symptoms such as dizziness, chest tightness, abdominal distension, loss of appetite, body aches, and inability to concentrate due to excessive consumption of energy to deal with things outside of work on weekends.

Hypothesis: Monday syndrome can be seen in people who have a busy and tiring weekend, followed by having to go back to work on Monday. This is exemplified by Xiao Li's experience of climbing and traveling during the May Day holiday and feeling exhausted when he returned to work.


Premise: From the perspective of legal operation, it has been proposed that the application for heritage of peasant paintings will cause contradictions in the determination of copyright, because the authors of the national and national cultural heritage are collective and anonymous. The author of peasant painting is very clear and has the subject and object conditions stipulated in the copyright law.

Hypothesis: According to the context, the statement that the peasant paintings own the copyright of the work is incorrect.


Premise: Ecological threshold refers to a point or an interval at which the ecosystem changes rapidly from one state to another. The driving force for this transformation comes from the weak additional changes of one or more key ecological factors. The Ecological Threshold Zone implies the gradual transformation process of the ecosystem from one stable state to another, rather than the sudden transformation like the point threshold.

Hypothesis: The statement 'If it is found that the local ecosystem will be threatened by serious drought if the temperature rises by 3.75% of the benchmark temperature, then 3.75% is its ecological threshold' is wrong according to the above definition.


Premise: Redundancy design means that sufficient room shall be reserved in the process of human resources appointment, use, dismissal and promotion, so as to make the overall operation process of human resources have a certain flexibility. When a decision deviates, there shall be room for correction and re decision-making.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, a certain company recruiting a group of college students every year and letting them intern in each position as a reserve cadre training is not a redundant design.


Premise: Screenwriter moviegoers are those who don't mind being spoiled by spoilers and even inquire about plot introductions and review all kinds of movies in advance. This kind of moviegoers pursue the feeling of controlling the development of the plot and don't like surprises.

Hypothesis: Xiao du belongs to the screenwriter moviegoers according to the above definition, because he pays attention to rational thinking about everything and has the impulse to watch movies only after he understands the authoritative evaluation, the content of the plot, and the characteristics of the picture.


Premise: The development of a country should be committed to making the cake of economic development bigger, on this basis, pay attention to fair distribution. For regional economic development, the concept of comparative advantage should be firmly established. There are great differences in physical and geographical conditions in different places. Even if the two natural conditions are exactly the same, geographically adjacent provinces or cities, the best mode of development is not for everyone to develop the same production structure, but should have their own division of labor.

Hypothesis: The economic development of different regions should be consistent with the local comparative advantages is emphasized by the author through this passage.


Premise: Every time the government introduces an economic policy, it will change the income expectations of some interest groups. Out of self-interest, these interest groups always try to offset the loss caused by the policy through various behavior choices. At this time, if the government really changes the original policy, the result will not only invalidate the policy issued by the government, but also make the government's ability of economic regulation and control decline continuously due to the loss of credibility.

Hypothesis: The main statement of this passage is that the government must continue to implement the policies it has formulated.


Premise: On the basis of the available evidence, Antarctica has generally been thought to have been covered by ice for at least the past 14 million years. Recently, however, three-million-year-old fossils of a kind previously found only in ocean-floor sediments were discovered under the ice sheet covering central Antarctica. About three million years ago, ttherefore, the Antarctic ice sheet must temporarily have melted. After all, either severe climatic warming or volcanic activity in Antarctica' s mountains could have melted the ice sheet, thus raising sea levels and submerging the continent.

Hypothesis: The main conclusion of the argument is that Antarctica is no longer generally thought to have been covered by ice for the past 14 million years.


Premise: One theater plans to present seven plays over seven weeks in the fall. They are F, G., J, K, O, R, S. There is one play a week, and each play runs exactly one week. The repertory must meet the following conditions :(1) G must be performed in the third week. (2) O and S cannot be performed continuously. (3) K must be staged before J and S. (4) F and J must be scheduled to perform in two consecutive weeks.

Hypothesis: Five kinds of arrangements are available if R is arranged in the fifth week and O in the second week.


Premise: One housewife discarded a pair of old sofas. Another housewife picked them back from the outside and repaired them, so that the sofas are not only practical but also beautiful at home.

Hypothesis: Whether a thing is useful depends largely on people's judgment is correct based on the above conclusions.


Premise: Submissive interaction refers to the action process with the same nature or the same direction among actors, which often has three forms: sending signals or hints to others intentionally or unintentionally and causing others to respond; Act in the way of others without consideration; Actors accept the way others act under pressure from others and do so.

Hypothesis: Everyone can see Xiao Liu's business ability. Even the picky old director agrees to choose Xiao Liu as the business director does not belong to submissive interaction according to the above definition.


Premise: Some skin care cosmetics with excellent results are made by Noah Company. All of Noah's skin care products are expensive, and expensive skin care products are trusted by women without exception.

Hypothesis: Some of the skin-care products that women trust don't actually work as well can't be inferred from the conclusion of the problem.


Premise: Nowadays, the young and new generation of parents have generally received perfect higher education and some of them have the experience of studying and living abroad, so they have their own understanding and requirements for their children's enlightening education. Imported cartoons, no matter in narrative style or in means of expression, are closer to their aesthetic standards. At the same time, children's understanding ability is also increasing, they can observe and understand the world earlier. In fact, China is not without such animation resources, such as Journey to the West has become a classic, repeatedly adapted and popular, because its mythological system is the projection of reality. The key question is whether domestic producers have the ability to think deeply and explore reality.

Hypothesis: According to the above passage, the author's point of view is that the depression of domestic animation stems from poor producers.


Premise: Although the cold winter is the high incidence of cardiovascular disease, but in the hot and sultry Indian summer season, the humidity in the air is increased, oxygen content is reduced, usually suffering from hypertension, coronary heart disease often feel uncomfortable, chest tightness, shortness of breath, dizziness and other symptoms. In addition, high temperature weather will make the human body sweat too much, blood concentration, if not timely supplement water, easy to form plaques; Acute myocardial infarction occurs when plaque breaks off and clots form, blocking blood vessels. In addition, people often do not get a good sleep on hot summer nights, which is also an important cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Sultry weather can also make people mood swings, mood irritability, which is also a risk factor for coronary heart disease. In this period of time, because of work overworked and lack of rest, especially to guard against sudden attack of myocardial infarction.

Hypothesis: The best heading for this paragraph is 'Prevent myocardial infarction at the turn of summer and autumn'.


Premise: Household indebtedness, which some theorists regard as causing recession, was high preceding the recent recession, but so was the value of assets owned by households. Admittedly, if most of the assets were owned by quite affluent households, and most of the debt was owed by low-income households, high household debt levels could have been the cause of the recession despite high asset values: low-income households might have decreased spending in order to pay off debts while the quite affluent ones might simply have failed to increase spending. But, in fact, quite affluent people must have owed most of the household debt, since money is not lent to those without assets. Ttherefore, the real cause must lie elsewhere.

Hypothesis: The argument is structured to lead to the conclusion that high levels of household debt have little impact on the economy.


Premise: Although new retail has become the hottest concept at present, there is no accurate definition of what new retail is. The professional saying is the reconstruction of people, goods, and market under the Internet and big data. popular understanding is probably the combination of online and offline, and then supplemented by artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and other technical means to achieve all-round upgrading of the production and sales of the traditional retail industry.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The new retail can make up for the lack of a single offline sales channel in the traditional retail industry' can be inferred from the original text.


Premise: In my opinion, as a strict aesthetic proposition, the statement Small is beautiful is untenable. For example, classical poets like to chant small bridges and flowing water, small mouths like cherries, but there are many people take the opposite hobby, to praise the bridge across the sea or Sophia Loren mouth.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Small is beautiful is incorrect' can be inferred from the given information.


Premise: Witkeys refers to people who convert their wisdom, knowledge, ability and experience into actual benefits through the Internet. They make their knowledge, wisdom, experience and skills reflect economic value by solving problems in science, technology, work, life and learning on the Internet

Hypothesis: The website described in the above definition belongs to a Witkey mode.


Premise: In the Six Dynasties, the famous talker Liu Zun talked a lot, but he also admired people who didn't talk. He was very happy to see Jiang Quan not speaking often, and said: Jiang Quan can't speak, but it's really admirable to be able to not speak. Jiang Quan knew that he was not talking, but he knew how to hide. Not everyone knows where his shortcomings are, so as to be a teacher, there are countless people who can talk about it. It is excusable to be able to talk and love to talk; many people know that they are not good at talking. It happens that they keep talking and explode their shortness, which is often annoying. Therefore, it can be said that Jiang Quan's doing this is actually an extremely rare kind of intelligence.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Being able to speak without saying is a kind of extremely rare intelligence' can best support the above statement.


Premise: Most ancient Chinese scientific works are empirical summaries rather than theoretical discussions. All the inventions recorded are to solve practical problems in national and social life, rather than trying to make a major breakthrough in a certain research field. In terms of research methods, Chinese science and technology attaches importance to comprehensive overall research and grasp things as a whole, Instead of separating the research objects from the complex connections, studying their entities and attributes independently and exploring their mysteries in detail, this made the science and technology in ancient China not develop to a higher level.

Hypothesis: The emphasis of this paragraph is the fundamental reason why the level of science and technology in ancient China did not make great progress.


Premise: A market research company compared the expenditure of family children's education and cultivation in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou, and found that the expenditure level paid by families to schools for children's education in the three places was the lowest in Beijing. In terms of other education expenditure, the expenditure level of families in Shanghai is significantly lower. On the overall level, the pocket money obtained by children in Shanghai and the living expenses borne by their parents are also lower than those in Beijing.

Hypothesis: The overall level of expenditure on children's education in Guangzhou is higher than that in Shanghai.


Premise: Robot: It is an automated machine. The difference is that this machine has some intelligence similar to humans or creatures, such as perception ability, planning ability, movement ability and coordination ability. It is an automated machine with a high degree of flexibility.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, a machine that looks like a human is a robot.


Premise: When it comes to the impact of ocean acidification, the treasure crab with a fishery value of about 2.20 dollars per year may be impacted by the reduction of its own food source and will face a strong downturn in the next 50 years. However, pteropods, copepods and small marine organisms with shells vulnerable to acidification may experience a slight decline because they are rich enough to withstand most of the impact. At the same time, marine mammals and seabirds are less affected by ocean acidification.

Hypothesis: Ocean acidification affects the development of marine life can be inferred from the above words.


Premise: From the perspective of top-level design, the cultivation and construction of craftsman spirit in China should be based on building a cooperative guarantee platform, carrying out pluralistic dialogue among different subjects, constructing a cooperative development mechanism of industry, teaching and research, and strengthening the function of spiritual cultivation in vocational colleges. From the perspective of coordinated development, the main body of craftsman spirit in our country urgently needs to strengthen the market management system, cultivate high-quality consumer market, constantly improve the salary system of technical and skilled personnel and construct vocational colleges according to their own role orientation and functional attributes, training center, enterprise three-station interaction mechanism.

Hypothesis: The main description of this paragraph is The main strategies of cultivating the spirit of craftsmen in China.


Premise: It is a win-win move to make use of the human resources of the sanitation workers and connect them with the standard demand for shared bicycle parking: although the concurrent ownership of bicycles will increase the labor burden of the sanitation workers, their income will also increase; the participation of sanitation workers in the management of bicycles will help bicycle enterprises to reduce losses and costs, and spend more funds on the development of enterprises. For the management of the city, bicycles are arranged in an orderly manner, and the appearance of the city will be better.

Hypothesis: The option 'Managing bicycles can increase the income of sanitation workers' is intended to describe this passage.


Premise: Professor Zhang: the prehistoric essential tools found in South America existed 13,000 years ago. Some archaeologists believe that these tools were used by people whose ancestors migrated from Siberia to Alaska. This view is untenable. In order to reach South America, these people had to trek 13, 000 years ago, and 13, 000-year-old wooden tools were never found between Alaska and South America. Researcher Li: I'm afraid you've overlooked: these wooden tools are found in peat bogs, which are rarely found in North America. Wooden tools rot and dissolve in ordinary soil within a few years.

Hypothesis: The problem discussed by Professor Zhang and researcher Li is whether it is possible for these people to complete the long journey from Alaska to South America by 13,000 years ago.


Premise: Administrative license refers to the act of an administrative organ granting a citizen, legal person or other organization permission to engage in certain activities upon examination in accordance with law.

Hypothesis: The C Trade and Industry Bureau issued a business license to a school canteen on the application of it is an administrative license according to the above definition.


Premise: Contract of gift refers to a contract in which one party to a contract gives its property to the other party without compensation. The party giving the property is called the giver and the party receiving the property is called the grantee.

Hypothesis: According to the above definition, providing one's residence for free to a friend to use during the period of studying abroad may result in a contract of gift.


Premise: The French novelist Colette (1873-1954) has been widely praised for the vividness of her language. But many critics complain that her novels are indifferent to important moral questions. This charge is unfair. Each of her novels is a poetic condensation of a major emotional crisis in the life of an ordinary person of her time. Such emotional crises almost invariably raise important moral questions.

Hypothesis: A novel that poetically condenses a major emotional crisis does not have to be indifferent to the important moral questions raised by that crisis is an assumption on which the argument depends.


Premise: If a President is elected, then he or she won the nomination of a major party and received at least 270 Electoral College votes, even if he or she did not win the popular vote.

Hypothesis: Some Presidents have received less than 270 Electoral College votes must be true.


Premise: Role pressure refers to the fact that in an organization or a specific social environment, there are unfavorable factors that interfere with the action of the role task, which causes the individual to fall into a dilemma of knowing what to do.

Hypothesis: Role pressure refers to the requirement for bank staff to greet customers with smiles, even if some people find it difficult to do so.


Premise: Linguistic intelligence refers to the use of computer programs to achieve language communication between humans and machines, or to allow machines to autonomously complete language-related tasks.

Hypothesis: Linguistic intelligence is the ability to excel in activities that involve the use of language, such as writing poetry or playing Go. In this context, the statement that the artificial intelligence Alpha Dog defeated many world-class Go masters with absolute advantage in a long-term competition demonstrates linguistic intelligence.


Premise: A new type of computer keyboard has been introduced on the market. The new type of keyboard has the three most characteristics that traditional keyboards do not have, that is, the most commonly used keys are designed at the position closest to the most flexible fingers. The new type of keyboard can greatly improve typing speed and reduce error rate. Therefore, replacing the traditional keyboard with a new keyboard can quickly improve the efficiency of the relevant departments.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The more efficient one can use the traditional keyboard, the less proficient one can use the new keyboard in the short term' would weaken the above argument most.


Premise: As temperatures rise, so does the chance that tropical rainforests will be struck by lightning and start fires. However, current monitoring shows that although the American rainforest is hit by lightning more frequently, it does not cause more forest fires. The researchers believe that this may have something to do with the large increase in the number of vines in the rainforest in recent years.

Hypothesis: The statement 'The stem of the vine has less resistance relative to the branch and can conduct lightning like a lightning rod on a building, allowing most of the current to flow from its own stem' can best support the above conclusion.


Premise: My running ability has never been very strong, but since I used X brand running shoes, my running performance has improved greatly. Now I can run faster and farther, and my muscles are less sore after the run. Runner magazine also said that X-brand running shoes are the best-selling shoes on the market. Therefore, all people who want to improve their running performance should buy X-brand running shoes.

Hypothesis: If you buy X brand running shoes, they will make you run faster and farther does not lead to a more reasonable conclusion from the above than the conclusion drawn by me.


Premise: Through actual investigations, it was found that some defendants were innocent or even framed; not all suspects were criminals.

Hypothesis: If the situation of the above investigation is true, then all the suspects are not criminals.


Premise: Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged. They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level. Such newly thin persons will, ttherefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.

Hypothesis: The conclusion of the argument above depends on the assumption that relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.


Premise: For one academic year all the students at a high school were observed. The aim was to test the hypothesis that studying more increased a student' s chances of earning a higher grade. It turned out that the students who spent the most time studying did not earn grades as high as did many students who studied less. Nonetheless, the researchers concluded that the results of the observation supported the initial hypothesis.

Hypothesis: The statement 'Students who spent more time studying understood the course material better than other students did' most helps to explain why the researchers drew the conclusion described above.


Premise: In a certain place, two production management methods A and B were tried out in two factories. Their pilot work was carried out as follows: Method A was tried out in a large factory with leadership of high education level; Method B was tried out in a small factory with leadership of low education level, and Method A resulted in good economic benefits; Method B not good. Therefore, it was concluded that Method A was the reason for achieving better economic benefits.

Hypothesis: The following options can weaken the above conclusion, except: Compared with Method A and Method B, Method B is actually better. Unfortunately, the foundation of the small factory that implements this method is too poor.


Premise: Nearly all mail that is correctly addressed arrives at its destination within two business days of being sent. In fact, correctly addressed mail takes longer than this only when it is damaged in transit. Overall, however, most mail arrives three business days or more after being sent.

Hypothesis: A large proportion of mail is incorrectly addressed must be true if the statements above are true.


Premise: A manager asked several employees to cut a 30-centimeter strip from each wrinkle tape, only use visual inspection, not measuring tools. Then, each listener was asked to cut a 150 cm and 600 cm tape. After everyone was cut, the manager took out a tape measure and carefully measured each piece of paper and announced the results: 30 cm group, the average error of less than 6%, 150 cm group, the average error rose to 11%; 600 cm group, the average error was as high as 19%, with individual differences of 100 cm.

Hypothesis: The smaller and more focused the target, the easier it is to get close to it can be derived from the options.


Premise: A student cheated in the exam and was found by the invigilator of the college. If the teacher reported the matter to the school, the student will be expelled from the school; If the student is expelled, the college's year-end assessment will be rejected by one vote. If the teacher does not report the matter to the school, the student's cheating in the exam will become more and more serious.

Hypothesis: The statement 'If the college's year-end assessment is not rejected by one vote, the phenomenon of students cheating in the examination will become more and more serious' can be inferred.


Premise: In the last election, 89 percent of reporters voted for the incumbent. The content of news programs reveals that reporters allowed the personal biases reflected in this voting pattern to affect their news coverage: 54 percent of coverage concerning the challenger was negative, compared with only 30 percent of that concerning the incumbent.

Hypothesis: The statement 'ignores the possibility that there was more negative news worthy of reporting concerning the challenger than there was concerning the incumbent' makes the argument logically most vulnerable to criticism.


Premise: Politician: The current crisis in mathematics education must be overcome if we are to remain competitive in the global economy. Alleviating this crisis requires the employment of successful teaching methods. No method of teaching a subject can succeed that does not get students to spend a significant amount of time outside of class studying that subject.

Hypothesis: If students spend a significant amount of time outside of class studying mathematics, the current crisis in mathematics education will be overcome follows logically from the statements above.


Premise: Ann will either take a leave of absence from Technocomp and return in a year or else she will quit her job there; but she would not do either one unless she were offered a one-year teaching fellowship at a prestigious university. Technocomp will allow her to take a leave of absence if it does not find out that she has been offered the fellowship, but not otherwise. Ttherefore, Ann will quit her job at Technocomp only if Technocomp finds out she has been offered the fellowship.

Hypothesis: Assuming that Ann will take a leave of absence if Technocomp allows her to take a leave of absence allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn.


Premise: Civil servants refer to staff who perform public duties in accordance with the law, are included in the administrative staff, and are paid by the state finances for wages and benefits.

Hypothesis: Judge of Dongcheng District Court is not a civil servant.