#!/usr/bin/env python3 """Gemma 4 script-aware prompting mitigation experiment. This script runs only the script-aware prompt arm. It compares the results against the existing Gemma 4 baseline outputs in results_gemma4/. """ from __future__ import annotations import argparse import json import logging import os import sys import tempfile import time from pathlib import Path ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent)) from runtime_cache import configure_runtime_cache configure_runtime_cache(ROOT) import pandas as pd import soundfile as sf import torch from evaluate import load as load_metric from tqdm import tqdm from transformers import AutoModelForMultimodalLM, AutoProcessor from eval_multilang import compute_metrics, load_fleurs MODEL_ID = "unsloth/gemma-4-E2B-it" LANGUAGES = [ "pashto", "urdu", "arabic", "persian", "hindi", "bengali", "malayalam", "tamil", "somali", "georgian", ] LANGUAGE_NAMES = { "pashto": ("Pashto", "Pashto Perso-Arabic"), "urdu": ("Urdu", "Urdu Perso-Arabic"), "arabic": ("Arabic", "Arabic"), "persian": ("Persian", "Persian"), "hindi": ("Hindi", "Devanagari"), "bengali": ("Bengali", "Bengali"), "malayalam": ("Malayalam", "Malayalam"), "tamil": ("Tamil", "Tamil"), "somali": ("Somali", "Latin"), "georgian": ("Georgian", "Georgian Mkhedruli"), } SCRIPT_HINT_TEMPLATE = ( "Transcribe the following speech segment in {language_name}. " "Use {script_name} script only. " "Do not translate, romanize, or add explanations.\n" "Only output the transcription, with no newlines.\n" "When transcribing numbers, write the digits, i.e. write 1.7 and not one " "point seven, and write 3 instead of three." ) logging.basicConfig( level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s", handlers=[logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)], ) log = logging.getLogger("gemma4_prompt_mitigation") def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace: parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( description="Run Gemma 4 script-aware prompting mitigation on FLEURS." ) parser.add_argument("--baseline-results", default=str(ROOT / "results_gemma4" / "sf_results.csv")) parser.add_argument("--baseline-predictions-dir", default=str(ROOT / "results_gemma4" / "predictions")) parser.add_argument("--results-dir", default=str(ROOT / "results_gemma4_prompt_mitigation")) parser.add_argument("--summary-csv", default=str(ROOT / "analysis" / "gemma4_prompt_mitigation_summary.csv")) parser.add_argument("--languages", nargs="+", default=LANGUAGES) parser.add_argument("--sample-size", type=int, default=None) parser.add_argument("--max-new-tokens", type=int, default=256) parser.add_argument("--summarize-only", action="store_true") return parser.parse_args() def prediction_path(preds_dir: Path, language: str) -> Path: return preds_dir / f"gemma4_script_hint_{language}_predictions.json" def baseline_prediction_path(preds_dir: Path, language: str) -> Path: return preds_dir / f"gemma4_{language}_predictions.json" def read_rows(csv_path: Path) -> pd.DataFrame: if csv_path.exists(): return pd.read_csv(csv_path) return pd.DataFrame() def write_rows(csv_path: Path, rows: list[dict]) -> None: df = pd.DataFrame(rows) csv_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) df.to_csv(csv_path, index=False) def ensure_baseline_complete(args: argparse.Namespace) -> pd.DataFrame: baseline_csv = Path(args.baseline_results) baseline_preds = Path(args.baseline_predictions_dir) if not baseline_csv.exists(): raise SystemExit(f"Missing Gemma 4 baseline CSV: {baseline_csv}") baseline = pd.read_csv(baseline_csv) gemma = baseline[baseline["model"].eq(MODEL_ID)].copy() present = set(gemma["language"].dropna()) missing_rows = [lang for lang in args.languages if lang not in present] missing_preds = [ lang for lang in args.languages if not baseline_prediction_path(baseline_preds, lang).exists() ] if missing_rows or missing_preds: pieces = [] if missing_rows: pieces.append(f"missing baseline rows: {', '.join(missing_rows)}") if missing_preds: pieces.append(f"missing baseline prediction files: {', '.join(missing_preds)}") raise SystemExit( "Gemma 4 baseline must be complete before mitigation; " + "; ".join(pieces) ) return gemma def dominant_script(row: pd.Series) -> str: dom_cols = [col for col in row.index if col.startswith("dom_")] values = { col.removeprefix("dom_"): float(row[col]) for col in dom_cols if pd.notna(row[col]) } if not values: return "" return max(values, key=values.get) def outcome(baseline_sfr: float, hint_sfr: float) -> str: delta = hint_sfr - baseline_sfr if baseline_sfr < 10 and hint_sfr >= 90: return "fixed_collapse" if baseline_sfr < 90 and hint_sfr >= 90: return "recovered_to_high" if delta >= 10: return "improved" if delta <= -10: return "worsened" return "unchanged" def load_existing_prediction(pred_file: Path) -> tuple[list[str], list[str]]: with open(pred_file, encoding="utf-8") as handle: data = json.load(handle) refs = data.get("references", []) preds = data.get("predictions", []) if not refs or not preds: raise ValueError(f"Prediction file has no references/predictions: {pred_file}") return refs, preds def append_or_replace_row(csv_path: Path, row: dict) -> None: existing = read_rows(csv_path) if not existing.empty and {"model", "language", "prompt_variant"}.issubset(existing.columns): keep = ~( existing["model"].eq(row["model"]) & existing["language"].eq(row["language"]) & existing["prompt_variant"].eq(row["prompt_variant"]) ) existing = existing[keep] out = pd.concat([existing, pd.DataFrame([row])], ignore_index=True) out.to_csv(csv_path, index=False) def compute_row_from_predictions( refs: list[str], preds: list[str], language: str, elapsed: float | None, audios: list | None, wer_metric, cer_metric, ) -> dict: metrics, _, _ = compute_metrics(refs, preds, language, wer_metric, cer_metric) rtf = None if elapsed is not None and audios: total_s = sum(len(a) / 16_000 for a in audios) rtf = round(elapsed / total_s, 4) if total_s else None return { "model": MODEL_ID, "family": "Gemma4", "size": "E2B", "language": language, "prompt_variant": "script_hint", "rtf": rtf, **metrics, } def run_language( language: str, model, processor, results_dir: Path, wer_metric, cer_metric, sample_size: int | None, max_new_tokens: int, ) -> dict: preds_dir = results_dir / "predictions" pred_file = prediction_path(preds_dir, language) csv_path = results_dir / "sf_results.csv" if pred_file.exists(): refs, preds = load_existing_prediction(pred_file) row = compute_row_from_predictions(refs, preds, language, None, None, wer_metric, cer_metric) append_or_replace_row(csv_path, row) log.info("Recomputed existing script-hint row for %s", language) return row dataset = load_fleurs(language, sample_size) refs = dataset["refs"] audios = dataset["audios"] language_name, script_name = LANGUAGE_NAMES[language] prompt = SCRIPT_HINT_TEMPLATE.format( language_name=language_name, script_name=script_name, ) preds: list[str] = [] t0 = time.time() with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir=os.environ["TMPDIR"]) as tmpdir: for i, audio_array in enumerate(tqdm(audios, desc=f"Gemma4-hint/{language}", leave=False)): wav_path = str(Path(tmpdir) / f"utt_{i}.wav") sf.write(wav_path, audio_array, 16_000) messages = [{ "role": "user", "content": [ {"type": "audio", "audio": wav_path}, {"type": "text", "text": prompt}, ], }] try: inputs = processor.apply_chat_template( messages, tokenize=True, return_dict=True, return_tensors="pt", add_generation_prompt=True, ).to(model.device) input_len = inputs["input_ids"].shape[-1] with torch.no_grad(): out = model.generate( **inputs, max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, do_sample=False, ) text = processor.decode(out[0][input_len:], skip_special_tokens=True) preds.append(text.strip()) except Exception as exc: log.warning("Gemma4 script-hint %s utterance %s failed: %s", language, i, exc) preds.append("") elapsed = time.time() - t0 preds_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) with open(pred_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as handle: json.dump( { "model": MODEL_ID, "language": language, "prompt_variant": "script_hint", "prompt": prompt, "references": refs, "predictions": preds, }, handle, ensure_ascii=False, ) row = compute_row_from_predictions(refs, preds, language, elapsed, audios, wer_metric, cer_metric) append_or_replace_row(csv_path, row) log.info( "Saved script-hint %s: WER=%s SFR=%s", language, row.get("wer_pct"), row.get("sfr_mean"), ) return row def write_summary( baseline: pd.DataFrame, script_hint: pd.DataFrame, summary_path: Path, languages: list[str], ) -> pd.DataFrame: rows: list[dict] = [] for language in languages: b = baseline[baseline["language"].eq(language)] h = script_hint[script_hint["language"].eq(language)] if b.empty or h.empty: continue b_row = b.iloc[0] h_row = h.iloc[0] baseline_sfr = float(b_row["sfr_mean"]) hint_sfr = float(h_row["sfr_mean"]) baseline_wer = float(b_row["wer_pct"]) hint_wer = float(h_row["wer_pct"]) rows.append({ "language": language, "baseline_sfr_mean": round(baseline_sfr, 2), "script_hint_sfr_mean": round(hint_sfr, 2), "delta_sfr": round(hint_sfr - baseline_sfr, 2), "baseline_wer_pct": round(baseline_wer, 2), "script_hint_wer_pct": round(hint_wer, 2), "delta_wer": round(hint_wer - baseline_wer, 2), "baseline_dominant_script": dominant_script(b_row), "script_hint_dominant_script": dominant_script(h_row), "mitigation_outcome": outcome(baseline_sfr, hint_sfr), }) summary = pd.DataFrame(rows) summary_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) summary.to_csv(summary_path, index=False) log.info("Saved mitigation summary: %s", summary_path) return summary def main() -> None: args = parse_args() results_dir = Path(args.results_dir) results_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) (results_dir / "predictions").mkdir(exist_ok=True) fh = logging.FileHandler(results_dir / "eval_gemma4_prompt_mitigation.log") fh.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s")) log.addHandler(fh) baseline = ensure_baseline_complete(args) wer_metric = load_metric("wer") cer_metric = load_metric("cer") if not args.summarize_only: log.info("Loading Gemma 4 model for script-aware prompt arm") processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID) model = AutoModelForMultimodalLM.from_pretrained( MODEL_ID, dtype="auto", device_map="auto", ) model.eval() for language in args.languages: run_language( language, model, processor, results_dir, wer_metric, cer_metric, args.sample_size, args.max_new_tokens, ) del model, processor if torch.cuda.is_available(): torch.cuda.empty_cache() elif torch.backends.mps.is_available(): torch.mps.empty_cache() script_hint = read_rows(results_dir / "sf_results.csv") expected = set(args.languages) present = set(script_hint["language"].dropna()) if not script_hint.empty else set() missing = sorted(expected - present) if missing: raise SystemExit( "Script-hint rows are incomplete; missing: " + ", ".join(missing) ) write_summary(baseline, script_hint, Path(args.summary_csv), args.languages) if __name__ == "__main__": main()