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This project will investigate the impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on economic well-being in Sumatra, Indonesia using multivariate methods and data from a unique longitudinal household survey. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the most devastating natural disasters in recent human history, claiming over ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic viral hepatitis that increases dramatically the risk of liver cancer and other end-stage liver diseases such as cirrhosis. HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae, a family of para-retroviruses that have a small DNA genome and replicate through an RNA intermediate (the preg...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB) of the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) School of Medicine (SOM) resubmits this proposal to continue an innovative and successful pre-doctoral training program in cancer biostatistics. The objective of this program is to train individuals to be rigorous and...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Research efforts are currently devoted to synthesizing analogs of Coenzyme A which potentially can be used as active-site-directed irreversible enzyme inhibitors. Photoaffinity labels of the nitrene type and thiolesters of arsinous acids, e.g., S-cacodyl-CoA, are under investigation. These agents are to be tested as in...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project highlights: assay optimized, miniaturized to 1536-well plate format and screened MIPE and Pilot libraries (25,000 compounds). During this period, the NCGC has fostered and maintained over 180 active collaborations with both NIH and extramural investigators, facilitating drug discovery efforts across the entire ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Work of others has been repeated and extended that carnitine levels in various rat tissues is significantly increased in choline fed rats consuming a diet low in methionine. Choline is not participating per se in carnitine synthesis in this situation, but rather may be concerned in carnitine transport. Experiments to s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The purpose of this consent is to screen for p24 antigen levels to determine eligibility for antiretroviral drug studies.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Tumors are able to actively create tolerance to their own antigens. This acquired tolerance includes both anergy and potent Treg-mediated immunosuppression, and represents a fundamental barrier to the immunotherapy of cancer. The current proposal focuses on the tolerance-inducing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) has many advantages for the measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and regional brain perfusion. Such measurements are significant for research and diagnosis and treatment of stroke, ischemia, brain tumors, and dementia. ASL is non-invasive, inexpensive, and produces high-resolution image...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Objective: Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is an ophthalmic disorder in which autoantibodies damage the retina and its components, causing progressive vision loss. AIR has no established treatment, but systemic immunosuppression has shown favorable responses. Rituximab is an immunosuppressive agent which binds specificall...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This project seeks to (i) extend what is presently known about the features of environmental mechanical stimuli that find representation in the primary somatosensory receiving areas in somatosensory cerebral cortex of prmates; (ii) obtain quantitative descriptions of the central neural activity evoked by mechanical sti...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: The overall aim of this investigation is to understand how the CNS uses afferent input from the upper GI tract to regulate energy balance and body weight. The working hypothesis is that the normal internal signal for termination of food ingestion involves integration of multiple negative feedback signals p...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this project is to develop gene therapy as a potential treatment for HIV-1 infection. In our early work on anti-HIV gene therapy approaches we reported that retroviral vectors designed to express a variety of gene can inhibit HIV-1 in vitro. Based on our successfully in vitro studies we are now collaboratin...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
In the last ten years great strides have been made in our knowledge of the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC), its brainstem and spinal cord connections and their effects. For example, in 1978 it was commonly held that the LC consisted of cells which contained norepinephrine (NE) and only NE and that their activity produced ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Integrins, the principal receptors that mediate cell-ECM interactions, are composed of heterodimeric transmembrane and subunits. The 18 and 8 subunits found in mammals combine in a restricted manner to form specific dimers with different ligand binding properties. 1, the most abundantly expressed integrin subunit in th...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The aim of this research is the total synthesis of the Cephalotaxus group of alkaloids, especially te harringtonines which have shown significant inhibitory action against experimental lymphoid leukemia. The harringtonines (l-4) are esters of the parent alkaloid cephalotaxine (5), which we have already synthesized. Nei...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
In previous studies we have gained considerable insight into the mechanisms by which adenylate cyclase is regulated by cations, hormones, guanine nucleotides, fluoride, and adenosine. We have found that adenosine inhibits adenylate cyclase non-competitively with respect to metal-ATP and in a cation dependent manner. St...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
PROJECT SUMMARY This is a proposal to take a novel approach to the genetics of bipolar disorder (BP) through sequencing of all known synaptic genes (the synaptome). The project will take advantage of the talents of a next-generation sequencing leader, a BP genetics expert, and a synapse neurobiology specialist. Togethe...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The proposed experiments are intended to provide basic information on the relative frequency and specificity of base substitution and frameshift mutational events and, more importantly, to address the question of the mechanisms through which these events are produced at the molecular level. Focus will be on studies wit...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The response to inhalation of ambient aerosol particles from indoor and selected outdoor environments will be investigated using high sensitivity elemental analysis by proton induced X-ray emission, PIXE. The response may include both deposition of particles in the respiratory tract and growth in particle size due to e...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Vascular inflammation is a hallmark of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, at high-risk for causing acute clinical events. 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in combination with computed tomography (CT) has emerged as an accurate, reliable and reproducible tool to quanti...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The affinity shown by 67Ga, 111In, and the higher atomic number rare earth radionuclides for nonosseous tumors in man has provided the basis for a diagnostic test (scanning) for the detection of cancer. Our aim in this project is to determine the cellular binding sites for these radionuclides and to identify the nature...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Studies designed to provide insight into the specific substances and regulatory mechanisms that underlie the tumorous state in plants and on the reversal of that state have continued during the past year. A cAMP (3'5')-like compound was isolated and purified from both normal and tumor cells of plants. Although this sub...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Considerable information is available about the antibody mechanisms that initiate experimental and human renal injury. Despite this knowledge and the use of aggressive therapeutic maneuvers to modulate nephritogenic antibody responses, renal damage often progresses relentlessly to renal failure, necessitating costly an...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Besides its roles in leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells during inflammation, E-selectin has recently been shown to be involved in capillary tube formation, which is the critical for solid tumor growth, metastasis, and many angiogenic diseases. Identifying specific E-selectin ligands on endothelial cells is very im...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Although arsenic is a well-established human carcinogen and induces cancers the skin, liver, bladder, and lung, the underlying carcinogenic mechanism(s) for arsenic is unknown. Although arsenic induces chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells it has not been shown to be active ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The long-term objectives of this proposed research are to determine the genetic and antigenic basis for the diversity of spotted fever group rickettsiae in eastern Asia. This knowledge is the foundation for the development of a rational epidemiologic and immunologic approach to development of effective preventive vacci...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of the biology of malaria over the last 30 years, malaria elimination remains elusive in Malawi, among other sub-Saharan African countries. The applicant has focused her academic career on using genetics and epidemiology to address key public health questions related to ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Prior immunity to an unrelated pathogen can lead to beneficial effects such as enhanced viral clearance or detrimental effects such as increased viral load or remarkably increased immunopathology occurring as a consequence of T-cell cross reactivity (XR). Initially described under highly controlled conditions using ani...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Osteoporotic fractures are a major source of morbidity and mortality in older women. The incidence of hip fractures in women doubles every five to six years after age 40. Vertebral crush fractures also increase with age and may result in substantial pain and decline in function. The risk of fracture increases with decr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): Toward the goal of developing an automated, miniaturized device to detect the body's reaction to exposure to environmental toxins, Advanced Sensor Technologies, Inc. proposes to develop a miniature device capable of providing differential blood cholinesterase analysis. The device wil...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem and is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Despite pharmacologic and surgical therapy, COPD continues to cause considerable morbidity, and patients suffer from exercise intolerance and decreased physical activity, which ar...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The purpose of the Antioxidant Enzyme Core (AEC) is to provide antioxidant enzyme expertise and analysis for the individual research projects. Discussion between a project investigator and the AEC Director will be held to determine which experiments and/or assays are run. The AEC staff will carry out the proposed work ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Fast transient A-type K+ currents (IA), such as the subthreshold-activating somato-dendritic A-type K+ currents in neurons (ISA) and the fast transient outward K+ current in cardiac ventricular myocytes (Ito) are essential for the proper functioning of the brain and the heart. During pathological conditions, abnormalit...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This is a proposal to identify genetic susceptibility factors for biliary atresia (BA). BA is a devastating pediatric disease associated with medical complications related to a rapidly developing biliary cirrhosis that accounts for 50% of all pediatric liver transplantations. The etiology of BA is unknown, although it ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Mucosal surfaces are the site of HIV transmission except for direct intravenous injection, and mucosal epithelial is therefore likely to e an important initial site of virus and host interaction. Furthermore, infectious HIV has been shown to be able to transcytose form the apical (luminal) to the basolateral (lamina pr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
It is abundantly evident that cancer is a genetic disease. The integrity, replication, segregation and regulation of chromosomes play critical roles in the formation and progression of all types of cancer. In the past decades a large number of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified, expression of whi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The aim of this proposal is to continue to develop an exemplary education program in pediatric oncology for medical students, pediatric residents, clinical associates, dental and surgical trainees, practicing physicians, nurses, social workers, and educators in the community. This will be accomplished by the use of the...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Not required.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Subanesthetic concentrations of volatile anesthetics potently depress upper airway defense mechanisms. In particular, hypoglossal motor control of the tongue that maintains airway patency during inspiration is severely compromised. The overall goal of this proposal is to characterize the actions of volatile anesthetics...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The organelle that most typifies a synapse is the synaptic vesicle. We and others have shown that synaptic vesicles have unique integral and peripheral membrane proteins. Our data suggest that synaptic vesicles owe their unique composition and size to a neuronal specific modification of an endosomal pathway. We plan to...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We propose to organize a psychotherapy research center dedicated to the development, evaluation and refinement of psychotherapies for drug abuse. The organizing theme is psychotherapy development and empirical testing based on the 'technology model' of psychotherapy research (Waskow, 1984). The Center will catalyze the...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract: Studies of cancer and AIDS typically record clinical events and laboratory measurements for participating subjects at several time points. Frequently, the times to the clinical events and their association are of primary interest. The relationship between the serial labor...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The biochemical explanation for the existence of multiple liver microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities has not been obtained. There may be multiple forms of cytochrome P450 or there may be one hemoprotein and several inducable effector proteins which impart substrate specificity and spectral properties to the hem...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Physician smoking cessation advice and assistance in quitting have been successful preventive health services, and are still needed. Approximately 40% of pregnant women are exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy through either active or passive smoking. Low birthweight, preterm birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant d...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Low frequency S-band spectra were obtained on cobalt-dehydrogenate samples to compare signals from nickel and iron-sulfur clusters to determine whether these signals are from monomeric centers with true g-values of clusters for which the energy levels are affected by zero field splitting.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Nuclear Receptor Program is a network of 20 NIH funded basic scientists focused on understanding the contribution of nuclear receptor transcription factor and chromatic modifying coregulator function to cancer development. Members have a total of $14,612,144 in peer-reviewed research support, $4,167,979 of which is...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Most etiologic studies on drug use, specially on injecting drug use, are based on treatment samples. This study aimed to clarify some potential differences between treated and untreated drug users that might be considered in studies that only have drug users recruited from treatment settings as participants. This study...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This is a second revised application for an exploratory/developmental research grant award (R21). Positive social relationships have consistently been associated with better health, although the neurobiological underpinnings of these observed effects are not well understood. Valuable insight may be gained by a life cou...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The requirements of drug dose and dosing frequency are unique to pregnancy, in that the renal clearance is altered due to physiologic changes in the maternal renal system, and the addition of the utero-fetal compartment. In addition, the dose frequency required during the third trimester has never been studied. Penicil...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This research is concerned with the elucidation of the mechanism of energy conversion in photsynthetic systems; algal, bacterial and green plant. In green plant and algal photosynthesis, the reduction of NADP is coupled to the esterification of ADP and Pi. The resultant products, NADPH and ATP, are necessary for the fi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Extracellular secretion and targeted delivery by the type II secretion (T2S) system is considered a major virulence mechanism in gram negative pathogens, as many of the proteins secreted via the T2S pathway constitute important virulence factors, including toxins and degradative enzymes. The T2S apparatus is comprised ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this program is to develop novel inhibitors of human palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) that are effective as cancer therapeutic agents. PATs represent new targets for anticancer drug development because of their pivotal roles in regulating the subcellular localization of specific oncoproteins. Most importan...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Dopamine (DA) release in the cortex and basal ganglia is strongly implicated in modulation of CMS function and behavior and is thought to occur through a variety of potential secretory sites. Among these are axonal projections where small clear synaptic vesicles appear clustered in varicosities that resemble presynapti...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This program will demonstrate the fabrication of high energy density ceramic capacitors, suitable for use in implantable cardiac defibrillators. Proprietary dielectric compositions and innovative processing techniques will be used. In Phase I, small scale capacitors will be produced with full scale capacitors being pro...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Management: This Core coordinates all IDDRC activities and sets policies for Center governance. The Directorate and Steering Committee jointly manage day-to-day operations and work with Core directors to assure efficient administration of each unit. This team meets quarterly to establish policies with respect to the ad...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A central problem in genetics is how substantial shifts in the overall gene expression programs of individual cells are achieved during development and in adult cells when they adapt homeostatically to a disturbance. As a framework against which to investigate this problem, we propose a "two-state" hypothesis, which we...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The present investigation will focus on the effects of alcohol on the liver and employs both in vitro and in vivo model systems. One of the major biologic effects of alcohol is the capacity to inhibit liver repair following cellular injury. Therefore, we will explore the action of ethanol on hormone stimulated hepatocy...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary Most kinase inhibitors target the ATP binding site, and frequently inhibit numerous kinases in the human kinome. Due to the nature of pan-kinase inhibitors, severe side effects are frequently observed in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Therefore, more specific therapeutics are desirable to achieve sa...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Abstract The focus of this BRAIN Initiative funding opportunity is to use ?innovative approaches to understand how circuit activity gives rise to a specific behavior?. Cognitive behaviors arise from collective interactions of multiple brain systems. Yet, for most cognitive processes, we do not yet know which brain area...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
In this application, the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) is partnering with the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine (UCSF), and the University of Washington (UW) to seek continued support for a formal 8-12 week program of training in aging researc...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Significance The visual system of primates contains a large number of separate representations of the visual world, at least 20 at latest count. One of the central problems of visual science is to establish how the numerous areas together form our seemingly unified visual experience. Objectives The multiple areas clear...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This proposal is part of a long-term effort to study the auditory system at the molecular level. The studies outlined in this application are designed to characterize both normal and pathological auditory nerve proteins with emphasis on rapidly turning-over glycoproteins (RTGP's) and hair cell-associated proteins (HAP'...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
(Revised Abstract) DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Opioid receptors are over-expressed by a variety of human and animal tumors. Markers for in vivo characterization of tumors expressing opioid receptors may have value as diagnostic aids, and would present opportunities for novel studies of the roles played by opio...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Whole cell vaccines are often immunogenic without added adjuvants, but production costs and safety issues have prompted the development of protein-based alternatives. However, protein-based vaccine design is challenged by limited immunogenicity and the necessity of adjuvants, few of which are currently available for hu...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
5-HT mechanisms are implicated in common age-associated diseases, including treatment-resistant mood disorders. Our previous work indicates that the neurotrophin BDNF promotes 5-HT axonal growth in the adult brain. However, 5-HT neurons may lose the ability to respond to BDNF in aging. The present proposal examines whe...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
To determine whether poisoning with the organophosphate insecticide methamidophos results in a syndrome of persistent subclinical sensory and motor neuropathy, a clinical and epidemiologic study will be undertaken among a population of 50 seriously poisoned agricultural workers. Two comparison groups will also be exami...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Facility Core Summary The Facility Core for Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry (SMMS) is integral to the Center's research mission by enabling high-resolution detection and isolation of halogenated organic compounds (HQCs). This Core does not replicate any analytical services or facilities currently available at the Scri...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
[unreadable] [unreadable] PROJECT SUMMARY [unreadable] Over 30 million men suffer from erectile dysfunction in the U.S. Constriction and dilation of the cavernosal vasculature determines penile erection. In the absence of arousal stimuli, activation of heterotrimeric G proteins following ligand binding to membrane rece...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This application proposes a program of training in development and psychopathology that integrates diverse approaches and methodologies used in developmental and child clinical psychology. Research training will take place in the University of Oregon Psychology and Counseling Psychology programs, Oregon Social Learning...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
: The goal of this proposal is to determine the normal function of synelfin, a neuronal protein abundant in the adult vertebrate telencephalon. Synelfin has been independently isolated from several species, including humans, where it has been referred to as NACP (the Non-Amyloid beta-Component Precursor) to indicate it...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Despite acceptance that alveolar basement membranes are critical to normal alveolar structure and function, there is limited information about the cellular sources and regulation of alveolar basement membrane components or about alveolar cell responses to alveolar basement membrane damage. Laminins are major components...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Swarthmore has a sponsored research program that can be considered robust for a small liberal arts college. This project is designed to bring the College's practices up to the level of our R1 partners. This will enable Swarthmore to collaborate more effectively with R1-level institutions, either as a subcontractor or p...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Regulation of the expression of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase gene by nicotine Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in tobacco users is in part due to chronic nicotine exposure. Nicotine in the peripheral blood stream is capable of stimulating the adrenal medulla to synthesize and release the catecholamine epinephri...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Panic disorder (PD) is a severe anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks affecting about 2- 5% of the population and resulting in severe disability in about a third of those subjects. During the previous funding period, using our well established animal model we identified that orexin (hypocretin) neur...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Iso-1-cytochrome c and iso-2-cytochrome c from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are two of the few proteins of known primary structure from a microorganism which is particularly suitable for experimental genetic studies. The isolation of appropriate mutants have been facilitated by enrichment procedures for both forw...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The proposed work consists of the following four projects: 1. Quantitative Characterization of the In Vitro Neoplastic Transformation of Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells (SHE cells, 13-days gestation) - The Development of Carcinogenic Bioassay. 2. Somatic Genetics on the Progression in Neoplastic Transformation: Studies of ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The long-term goal of these investigations is to understand how genes cause congenital heart disease (CHD). The first set of objectives involved devising methods of analysis by unifying two approaches: the focus of the current application, involves obtaining clinical data and extending the theory to the analysis of the...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Recent advances in human islet transplantation have shown great promise as an approach to treat insulin-dependent diabetes. However, the clinical potential of beta-cell replacement therapies will not be realized until appropriate strategies have been developed for the expansion of pancreatic islets ex vivo or for stimu...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
In our recent studies, a novel intrakine approach was developed to effectively inactivate the chemokine coreceptor CCR-5 for the macrophage-tropic HIV-1, and SIV, with a therapeutic application for HIV-1 infection. In this study we are proposing to use a SIV model to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the novel gene...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Actin, villin, and calcium play key roles in regulating the finger-like shape of intestinal microvillar membranes. In physiologic calcium concentrations (less than MuM) villin crosslinks actin filaments into a bundle which stabilizes the microvillus membrane. However, when the calcium concentration increases greater th...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This investigation is concerned with three aspects of early embryonic development in R. pipiens, and with certain aspects of the cell life cycle in general. 1. The mechanism of meiotic maturation and ovulation is being studied in terms of the interrelationships between: a) protein phosphate turnover and exchange, b) pr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The management of children with pediatric mastocytosis poses a challenge. There is a limited information as to the application of clinical and laboratory findings and bone marrow evaluation as they relate to medical intervention and prognosis. The diagnostic criteria for pediatric mastocytosis are largely based on adul...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: Cytokines produced by CD4+ T lymphocytes play essential roles in host adaptive immune responses and are involved in the development of allergic diseases including asthma. Our understanding of the pathways regulating cytokine production in CD4+ T lymphocytes remains incomplete. We have identified a novel pa...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Aim 1 Dozens of proteins control the docking and fusion of exocytic vesicles in neurons and endocrine cells. The identity and roles of many of these proteins have been assigned through a combination of genetics, biochemistry, and electrophysiology. However, the spatial organization, heterogeneity, and dynamics of these...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
In this proposed research, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and it's metabolites, will be used as model compounds to determine the major metabolic pathways of PAHs in lung carcinogenesis. It is generally accepted that cytochrome P4501A1, CYP1A1, is primarily responsible for the metabolism of B[a]P to 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10- epoxy-7,...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
An experimental peer leadership curriculum in which older adolescents counsel younger peers in how to resist social pressures toward smoking has been developed for experimental study. In a California site near Stanford University one cohort of 7th grade students (n equals 300 plus) in the 1977-78 school year was select...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The NIDA Drug Dependence Epidemiology Training Program is designed to increase the number and quality of expert scientists who identify drug dependence epidemiology as their major lifelong career, with a special focus on the application of advanced statistical methods to the design and analysis of epidemiologic study d...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The trichothecene mycotoxins are a group of sesquiterpenoid fungal metabolites, that include some of the most potent protein synthesis inhibitors known. Since trichothecenes are frequently found in cereal grains and are recalcitrant to inactivation during milling and processing, they enter the food chain. Of these vomi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This proposal addresses the general method of preparation of linear and nonlinear triquinane serquiterpanes, in particular several biologically active coriolins and hirsuitic acids. Our proposed syntheses represent newly redesigned versions of the original research propositions funded in 1981. The new approach is perha...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This proposal describes a comprehensive research project designed to prospectively pilot test the efficacy of prolonged exposure (PE) therapy at reducing symptoms of HIV-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and increasing adherence to antiretroviral medication regimens in people living with HIV (PLWH). Recent s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Orthograde degeneration studies have outlined major ascending and descending projections of forebrain structures in reptiles. However, very little is known about the internal organization of the reptilian forebrain. The proposed research will determine the normal ultrastructure of three structures in the forebrain of s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This grant proposal in a continuation of our previous work dealing with the psychopharmacology of the lithium ion. The scope has been considerably expanded; we now plan on concentrating our research efforts in using lithium as a tool to explore the biochemical framework underlying the affective disease entities. In thi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Previous investigations have shown that recurrent exposure to dietary lead or cadmium results in increased volitional intake of ethanol. The present proposal will help define a suitable rationale for interpreting metal/ethanol interactions. Specifically, it is proposed that metal-treated animals may consume more ethano...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Although P. carinii is a common opportunistic pathogen causing pneumonia in hundreds of thousands of immunocompromised patients, many basic questions about the organism and the disease it causes remain unanswered. Do different strains of P. carinii infect humans? Are patients with recurrent P. carinii infections suffer...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: (Verbatim from the application) One of the most serious problems of mobility impairment is the tendency of old adults to fall. Falls account for almost 90 percent of all fractures in the elderly. The limitations in performing activities of daily living and falls are undoubtedly associated with alterations ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Proper connectivity of the central nervous system allows for communication between hemispheres necessary for such diverse functions as locomotion and linguistic processing. A clear understanding of how an individual axon growth cone makes a guidance decision during development is necessary to learn how reproducible con...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Tremendous strides in the understanding of DNA structures responsible for expression of antibody molecules have been made through use of DNA cloning and sequencing techniques. In this research, we extended the recombinant DNA approach to the study of human immunoglobulin genes in normal and leukemic cells. We are chara...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Our long-term objective has been to develop noninvasive techniques for studying the human retina for both basic science and clinical purposes. By applying current theories of phototransduction to the full-field electroretinogram (ERG), we successfully developed widely used techniques for studying the global activity of...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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