scripts/build_dataset.py

"""Build the racing-gears dataset parquet files from raw/ images and labels.

Reads:
    raw/<source>/<label>/*.png        - pre-sorted images (racing-original, mnist)
    raw/<source>/unlabeled/*.png      - extracted frames needing labels
    labels/<source>.csv               - frame range labels (start,end,label)

Writes:
    data/train-00000-of-00001.parquet
    data/validation-00000-of-00001.parquet
    composites/<source>/label_<N>.png - per-label composites for verification

Usage:
    uv run python scripts/build_dataset.py [--val-frac 0.15] [--aug-target 200] [--no-mnist]
"""

import argparse
import csv
import io
import os
import random

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance


random.seed(42)
np.random.seed(42)

TARGET_SIZE = (32, 32)


def img_to_bytes(img: Image.Image) -> bytes:
    buf = io.BytesIO()
    img.save(buf, format="PNG")
    return buf.getvalue()


def load_labeled_dir(source_dir: str, source_name: str) -> list[dict]:
    """Load images from raw/<source>/<label>/ directory structure."""
    rows = []
    for label_dir in sorted(os.listdir(source_dir)):
        label_path = os.path.join(source_dir, label_dir)
        if not os.path.isdir(label_path) or label_dir == "unlabeled":
            continue
        try:
            label = int(label_dir)
        except ValueError:
            continue
        for f in sorted(os.listdir(label_path)):
            if not f.endswith(".png"):
                continue
            img = Image.open(os.path.join(label_path, f)).convert("L").resize(TARGET_SIZE)
            rows.append({
                "image": {"bytes": img_to_bytes(img), "path": None},
                "label": label,
                "source": source_name,
            })
    return rows


def load_from_labels_csv(source_name: str) -> list[dict]:
    """Load unlabeled frames and apply labels from CSV."""
    csv_path = f"labels/{source_name}.csv"
    frames_dir = f"raw/{source_name}/unlabeled"

    if not os.path.exists(csv_path) or not os.path.exists(frames_dir):
        return []

    # Read label ranges
    ranges = []
    with open(csv_path) as f:
        reader = csv.DictReader(f)
        for row in reader:
            ranges.append((int(row["start"]), int(row["end"]), int(row["label"])))

    # Map frame index to label
    frame_labels = {}
    for start, end, label in ranges:
        for i in range(start, end + 1):
            frame_labels[i] = label

    # Load frames
    frames = sorted(f for f in os.listdir(frames_dir) if f.endswith(".png"))
    rows = []
    skipped = 0
    for idx, f in enumerate(frames):
        if idx not in frame_labels:
            skipped += 1
            continue
        img = Image.open(os.path.join(frames_dir, f)).convert("L").resize(TARGET_SIZE)
        rows.append({
            "image": {"bytes": img_to_bytes(img), "path": None},
            "label": frame_labels[idx],
            "source": source_name,
        })

    if skipped:
        print(f"  Warning: {skipped} frames in {source_name} had no label (skipped)")
    return rows


def augment(img: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
    """Random augmentation: shift, brightness, contrast, noise."""
    dx, dy = random.randint(-3, 3), random.randint(-3, 3)
    img = img.transform(img.size, Image.AFFINE, (1, 0, dx, 0, 1, dy), fillcolor=0)
    img = ImageEnhance.Brightness(img).enhance(random.uniform(0.7, 1.3))
    img = ImageEnhance.Contrast(img).enhance(random.uniform(0.8, 1.2))
    if random.random() < 0.3:
        arr = np.array(img, dtype=np.float32)
        arr += np.random.normal(0, 8, arr.shape)
        arr = np.clip(arr, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
        img = Image.fromarray(arr, mode="L")
    return img


def make_composite(images: list[Image.Image], output_path: str, cell: int = 36, max_cols: int = 50):
    if not images:
        return
    cols = min(max_cols, len(images))
    rows = (len(images) + cols - 1) // cols
    sheet = Image.new("L", (cols * cell, rows * cell), 0)
    for idx, img in enumerate(images):
        r, c = idx // cols, idx % cols
        sheet.paste(img.resize((cell, cell)), (c * cell, r * cell))
    sheet.save(output_path)


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Build racing-gears dataset")
    parser.add_argument("--val-frac", type=float, default=0.15, help="Validation fraction (default: 0.15)")
    parser.add_argument("--aug-target", type=int, default=200, help="Min racing samples per class after augmentation (default: 200)")
    parser.add_argument("--no-mnist", action="store_true", help="Exclude MNIST data")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    all_rows = []

    # 1. Load pre-sorted sources (racing-original, mnist)
    for source_dir in sorted(os.listdir("raw")):
        source_path = os.path.join("raw", source_dir)
        if not os.path.isdir(source_path):
            continue

        # Check if this source has a labels CSV (unlabeled frames)
        csv_rows = load_from_labels_csv(source_dir)
        if csv_rows:
            print(f"Loaded {len(csv_rows)} labeled frames from {source_dir}")
            all_rows.extend(csv_rows)

        # Check if this source has pre-sorted label dirs
        if source_dir == "mnist" and args.no_mnist:
            print(f"Skipping {source_dir} (--no-mnist)")
            continue
        dir_rows = load_labeled_dir(source_path, source_dir)
        if dir_rows:
            print(f"Loaded {len(dir_rows)} pre-sorted images from {source_dir}")
            all_rows.extend(dir_rows)

    df = pd.DataFrame(all_rows)
    print(f"\nTotal: {len(df)} images")
    print(pd.crosstab(df["label"], df["source"]))

    # 2. Separate racing vs mnist
    racing_sources = [s for s in df["source"].unique() if s != "mnist"]
    racing = df[df["source"].isin(racing_sources)].copy()
    mnist = df[df["source"] == "mnist"].copy()

    # 3. Stratified train/val split for racing
    racing_train_parts, racing_val_parts = [], []
    for label in sorted(racing["label"].unique()):
        group = racing[racing["label"] == label].sample(frac=1, random_state=42)
        n_val = max(1, int(len(group) * args.val_frac))
        racing_val_parts.append(group.iloc[:n_val])
        racing_train_parts.append(group.iloc[n_val:])

    racing_train = pd.concat(racing_train_parts, ignore_index=True) if racing_train_parts else pd.DataFrame()
    racing_val = pd.concat(racing_val_parts, ignore_index=True) if racing_val_parts else pd.DataFrame()

    # 4. Augment underrepresented racing classes
    aug_rows = []
    for label in sorted(racing_train["label"].unique()):
        group = racing_train[racing_train["label"] == label]
        n_have = len(group)
        n_need = max(0, args.aug_target - n_have)
        if n_need > 0:
            print(f"  Augmenting label {label}: {n_have} -> {n_have + n_need} (+{n_need})")
            source_rows = group.to_dict("records")
            for _ in range(n_need):
                row = random.choice(source_rows)
                orig_img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(row["image"]["bytes"])).convert("L")
                aug_img = augment(orig_img)
                aug_rows.append({
                    "image": {"bytes": img_to_bytes(aug_img), "path": None},
                    "label": label,
                    "source": "racing_aug",
                })

    if aug_rows:
        racing_train = pd.concat([racing_train, pd.DataFrame(aug_rows)], ignore_index=True)

    # 5. Stratified split for MNIST
    if not mnist.empty:
        mnist_train_parts, mnist_val_parts = [], []
        for label in sorted(mnist["label"].unique()):
            group = mnist[mnist["label"] == label].sample(frac=1, random_state=42)
            n_val = max(5, int(len(group) * args.val_frac))
            mnist_val_parts.append(group.iloc[:n_val])
            mnist_train_parts.append(group.iloc[n_val:])
        mnist_train = pd.concat(mnist_train_parts, ignore_index=True)
        mnist_val = pd.concat(mnist_val_parts, ignore_index=True)
    else:
        mnist_train = pd.DataFrame()
        mnist_val = pd.DataFrame()

    # 6. Combine and shuffle
    train_parts = [p for p in [racing_train, mnist_train] if not p.empty]
    val_parts = [p for p in [racing_val, mnist_val] if not p.empty]
    new_train = pd.concat(train_parts, ignore_index=True).sample(frac=1, random_state=42).reset_index(drop=True)
    new_val = pd.concat(val_parts, ignore_index=True).sample(frac=1, random_state=42).reset_index(drop=True)

    print(f"\n=== Final dataset ===")
    print(f"Train: {len(new_train)}, Val: {len(new_val)}")
    print("\nTrain:")
    print(pd.crosstab(new_train["label"], new_train["source"]))
    print("\nVal:")
    print(pd.crosstab(new_val["label"], new_val["source"]))

    # 7. Write parquet with HF Image feature type
    from datasets import Dataset, Image as HFImage

    os.makedirs("data", exist_ok=True)
    for name, split_df in [("train", new_train), ("val", new_val)]:
        ds = Dataset.from_pandas(split_df.reset_index(drop=True))
        ds = ds.cast_column("image", HFImage())
        fname = "train" if name == "train" else "validation"
        ds.to_parquet(f"data/{fname}-00000-of-00001.parquet")
    print(f"\nWritten to data/")

    # 8. Generate per-label composites for verification
    for split_name, split_df in [("train", new_train), ("val", new_val)]:
        for source in sorted(split_df["source"].unique()):
            if source == "racing_aug":
                continue
            comp_dir = f"composites/{source}"
            os.makedirs(comp_dir, exist_ok=True)
            for label in sorted(split_df["label"].unique()):
                subset = split_df[(split_df["source"] == source) & (split_df["label"] == label)]
                if subset.empty:
                    continue
                images = [
                    Image.open(io.BytesIO(row["image"]["bytes"])).convert("L")
                    for _, row in subset.iterrows()
                ]
                make_composite(images, f"{comp_dir}/{split_name}_label_{label}.png")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()