---
license: mit
multilinguality: multilingual
task_categories:
- multiple-choice
pretty_name: Tokenization Robustness
tags:
- multilingual
- tokenization
- robustness
dataset_info:
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_abbreviations
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    list: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: answer_label
    dtype: string
  - name: split
    dtype: string
  - name: subcategories
    dtype: string
  - name: lang
    dtype: string
  - name: second_lang
    dtype: string
  - name: notes
    dtype: string
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: set_id
    dtype: string
  - name: variation_id
    dtype: string
  - name: question_general_category
    dtype: string
  - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: token_counts
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: int64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: int64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: int64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: int64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: int64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: int64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: int64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: int64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: int64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: int64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: int64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 10169
    num_examples: 18
  download_size: 33425
  dataset_size: 10169
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_canonical
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    list: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: answer_label
    dtype: string
  - name: split
    dtype: string
  - name: subcategories
    dtype: string
  - name: lang
    dtype: string
  - name: second_lang
    dtype: string
  - name: notes
    dtype: string
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: set_id
    dtype: string
  - name: variation_id
    dtype: string
  - name: question_general_category
    dtype: string
  - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: token_counts
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: int64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: int64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: int64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: int64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: int64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: int64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: int64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: int64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: int64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: int64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: int64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 1122
    num_examples: 2
  download_size: 28358
  dataset_size: 1122
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_character_deletion
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    list: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: answer_label
    dtype: string
  - name: split
    dtype: string
  - name: subcategories
    dtype: string
  - name: lang
    dtype: string
  - name: second_lang
    dtype: string
  - name: notes
    dtype: string
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: set_id
    dtype: string
  - name: variation_id
    dtype: string
  - name: question_general_category
    dtype: string
  - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: token_counts
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: int64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: int64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: int64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: int64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: int64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: int64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: int64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: int64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: int64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: int64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: int64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 4498
    num_examples: 8
  download_size: 30562
  dataset_size: 4498
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_currency_symbol
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    list: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: answer_label
    dtype: string
  - name: split
    dtype: string
  - name: subcategories
    dtype: string
  - name: lang
    dtype: string
  - name: second_lang
    dtype: string
  - name: notes
    dtype: string
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: set_id
    dtype: string
  - name: variation_id
    dtype: string
  - name: question_general_category
    dtype: string
  - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: token_counts
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: int64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: int64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: int64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: int64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: int64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: int64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: int64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: int64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: int64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: int64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: int64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 8300
    num_examples: 15
  download_size: 32265
  dataset_size: 8300
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_date_formats
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    list: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: answer_label
    dtype: string
  - name: split
    dtype: string
  - name: subcategories
    dtype: string
  - name: lang
    dtype: string
  - name: second_lang
    dtype: string
  - name: notes
    dtype: string
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: set_id
    dtype: string
  - name: variation_id
    dtype: string
  - name: question_general_category
    dtype: string
  - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: token_counts
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: int64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: int64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: int64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: int64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: int64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: int64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: int64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: int64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: int64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: int64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: int64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 13058
    num_examples: 24
  download_size: 34371
  dataset_size: 13058
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_unusual_formatting
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    list: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: answer_label
    dtype: string
  - name: split
    dtype: string
  - name: subcategories
    dtype: string
  - name: lang
    dtype: string
  - name: second_lang
    dtype: string
  - name: notes
    dtype: string
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: set_id
    dtype: string
  - name: variation_id
    dtype: string
  - name: question_general_category
    dtype: string
  - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: float64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: float64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: float64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: float64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: float64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: float64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: float64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: float64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: float64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: float64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: float64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: float64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: float64
  - name: token_counts
    struct:
    - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
      dtype: int64
    - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
      dtype: int64
    - name: bigscience/bloom
      dtype: int64
    - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
      dtype: int64
    - name: facebook/xglm-564M
      dtype: int64
    - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/byt5-small
      dtype: int64
    - name: google/gemma-2-2b
      dtype: int64
    - name: gpt2
      dtype: int64
    - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
      dtype: int64
    - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
      dtype: int64
    - name: mistralai/tekken
      dtype: int64
    - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
      dtype: int64
    - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
      dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 580
    num_examples: 1
  download_size: 27964
  dataset_size: 580
configs:
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_abbreviations
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_abbreviations/test-*
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_canonical
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_canonical/test-*
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_character_deletion
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_character_deletion/test-*
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_currency_symbol
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_currency_symbol/test-*
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_date_formats
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_date_formats/test-*
- config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_unusual_formatting
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_unusual_formatting/test-*
language:
- en
size_categories:
- n<1K
---
# Dataset Card for Tokenization Robustness

<!-- Provide a quick summary of the dataset. -->

<img src="toksuite-logo.png" alt="TokSuite Logo" width="250px" style="margin-left:'auto' margin-right:'auto' display:'block'"/>

## TokSuite Bonus Benchmarks (General Collection)

This is a **bonus TokSuite dataset** containing a small set of **high-signal examples** that highlight surface-form variations known to affect tokenization robustness. It includes canonical questions alongside perturbations such as abbreviations, character deletion, currency symbols, diverse date formats, and unusual formatting. These examples focus on **tokenization challenges** that commonly arise in real-world text, providing a compact complement to the main TokSuite benchmarks.



## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

The dataset was curated by the **TokSuite research team at R3**.

### Licensing Information

MIT License

### Citation Information

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite the TokSuite paper:

@inproceedings{toksuite2026,
  title={TokSuite: Measuring the Impact of Tokenizer Choice on Language Model Behavior},
  author={Altıntaş, Gül Sena and Ehghaghi, Malikeh and Lester, Brian and Liu, Fengyuan and Zhao, Wanru and Ciccone, Marco and Raffel, Colin},
  booktitle={Preprint},
  year={2026},,
  arxiv={https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20757},
  url={TBD}
}


**Paper**: [TokSuite: Measuring the Impact of Tokenizer Choice on Language Model Behavior](TBD)

### Contributions

This dataset is part of TokSuite, which includes:
- 14 language models with identical architectures but different tokenizers
- Multilingual benchmark datasets (English, Turkish, Italian, Farsi, Chinese)
- Comprehensive analysis of tokenization's impact on model behavior


### Contact

For questions or issues related to this dataset, please refer to the TokSuite project or contact the authors of the paper.

---

<div align="center">
  
**Part of the [TokSuite Project](TBD)**

*Understanding Tokenization's Role in Language Model Behavior*

</div>