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We also identified a Tomiris variant (internally named “SBZ”, MD5 51AA89452A9E57F646AB64BE6217788E) which acts as a filestealer, and uploads any recent file matching a hardcoded set of extensions (.doc, .docx, .pdf, .rar, etc | ['T1005'] |
The files are encrypted with a randomly generated 128-bit AES key in CBC mode with a NULL initialization vector. The key is generated per file, is encrypted with the generated RSA public key, and included in the encrypted file header. Each file encrypted by the malware starts with the string WANACRY. and has the WNCRY ... | ['T1083'] |
Once TrickBot verifies it can connect to the Internet, it communicates with C2 servers, some of which using TOR-related domains. It collects and sends information about where the target machine is located to the C2 servers | ['T1008'] |
In addition, PLAINTEE will create a unique GUID via a call to CoCreateGuid() to be used as an identifier for the victim. The malware then proceeds to collect general system enumeration data about the infected machine and enters a loop where it will decode an embedded config blob and send an initial beacon to the C2 ser... | ['T1082'] |
In multiple instances, the threat actors created new accounts on the staging targets to perform cleanup operations. The accounts created were used to clear the following Windows event logs: System, Security, Terminal Services, Remote Services, and Audit. The threat actors also removed applications they installed while ... | ['T1070.004', 'T1070.001'] |
OverWatch continued to track the threat actor’s malicious behavior as they downloaded additional scripts and then executed a Base64-encoded command via PowerShell1 to retrieve malware from their toolkit | ['T1059.001'] |
Following the reconnaissance phase, the threat actor attempted to dump credentials stored on the compromised machines. The most common credential stealing tool used by the threat actor was a modified mimikatz that dumps NTLM hashes. This version of mimikatz did not require any command line arguments, most likely in an ... | ['T1003.001'] |
After gaining access to the victim’s environment (presumably by using stolen credentials, either obtained via phishing, or bought on the dark web), the attacker sets up remote tunnelling using a SSH tool. The tool is configured to redirect traffic from a malicious domain to a proxy that is listening on a local port. Th... | ['T1572'] |
FoggyWeb is a passive and highly targeted backdoor capable of remotely exfiltrating sensitive information from a compromised AD FS server. It can also receive additional malicious components from a command-and-control (C2) server and execute them on the compromised server | ['T1041', 'T1105'] |
In at least two incident response (IR) engagements, Blue Mockingbird has exploited public-facing web applications (T1190: Exploit Public-Facing Application) that implemented Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX. This suite of user interface components accelerates the web development process, but some versions are susceptible to... | ['T1190'] |
Lately, the configuration mechanism has been changed and is now stored in the Windows Registry at HKCU\Software\ under keys with names like %USERNAME% and ToolTech-RM. Those names, as well as the names of values they contain, change frequently, but the information contained consists of | ['T1112'] |
Most of the initial payloads in these campaigns are signed with valid certificates to evade security tools. They abuse the relative trust that is given to signed binaries to avoid detection | ['T1553.002'] |
In 2020, Pawn Storm often tries to obfuscate these brute force attempts by routing their attack traffic over Tor and VPN servers. In a Microsoft article about brute-forcing Office365 credentials over Tor, Microsoft attributed the activities to Strontium, which is another name for Pawn Storm. These brute force attacks s... | ['T1090.003'] |
The ROKRAT samples used during the two "Evil New Year" and the "North Korean Human Rights" campaigns contained a reconnaissance phase. The malware uses the following registry key to get the machine type: HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\mssmbios\Data\SMBiosData. The "System manufacturer" value is used to identify... | ['T1012'] |
The DNS response will return a CNAME record that points to a Command and Control (C2) domain. The C2 traffic to the malicious domains is designed to mimic normal SolarWinds API communications | ['T1071.004'] |
The actors leveraged publicly available utilities Adfind, BLOODHOUND, SHARPHOUND, and KERBRUTE on victim networks to collect Active Directory information and credentials. WMIC commands have been used to perform host reconnaissance, including listing installed software, listing running processes, and identifying operati... | ['T1018'] |
For example, the following sample loads the malware as shellcode within a .NET Framework project using msbuild.exe, effectively bypassing application allowlisting techniques | ['T1127.001'] |
If elevated privileges are not obtained, the malware falls back to using the same Windows registry run key as the older mode variant for persistence HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run. However, if the malware is successful in elevating privileges, it begins to enumerate existing Windows services on the ... | ['T1007'] |
Microsoft by default disables the dynamic execution of the macro, and if an attacker needs to execute one dynamically—which is the case here—the threat actor needs to bypass the VB object model (VBOM) by modifying its registry value | ['T1112'] |
After exploiting these vulnerabilities to gain initial access, HAFNIUM operators deployed web shells on the compromised server. Web shells potentially allow attackers to steal data and perform additional malicious actions that lead to further compromise. One example of a web shell deployed by HAFNIUM, written in ASP, i... | ['T1505.003'] |
This INI file is parsed to determine what Comnie should do. Comnie allows the attacker to provide and subsequently execute a batch script (BAT), executable file (EXE), or dynamic-link library (DLL). Using this example, Comnie will then request data to supply to the BAT script, via the following decrypted request: h=HOS... | ['T1119'] |
The samples analyzed are packed with UPX. The UPX header has been modified to break the unpacker provided by the UPX project. Instead of having the “UPX. string, it has been replaced with “LSD. Repairing the header is needed to unpack the samples using the unpacker provided by the UPX team | ['T1027'] |
According to Group-IB's Threat Intelligence & Attribution system, the alleged database was published on a fraudulent resource known for reselling data that has been published on various data-leak websites. Compromise of Air India's network In mid-February 2021, Group-IB's Threat Intelligence & Attribution syste... | ['T1049'] |
Qualys Threat Research has identified a new Lazarus campaign using employment phishing lures targeting the defence sector. The identified variants target job applicants for Lockheed Martin. This blog details the markers of this campaign, including macro content, campaign flow and phishing themes of our identified varia... | ['T1083'] |
It then issues a SOAP request to delete the processed email. This completes the process in which the payload receives inbound communications from the actor | ['T1070.004'] |
Now the virtual environment is prepared, the install.bat command goes through a list of process names and terminates these processes so any files they have open are unlocked and become accessible for encryption. This list of 50 entries consists of mainly line-of-business applications, database, remote management and ba... | ['T1489'] |
Prior to 2014, IRON LIBERTY used custom malware, primarily Sysmain, Havex, and xFrost (now known as Karagany), combined with commodity penetration testing and tools | ['T1189'] |
The Bluetooth functionality in Flamer is encoded in a module called "BeetleJuice". This module is triggered according to configuration values set by the attacker. This means that a computer compromised by W32.Flamer will appear when any other Bluetooth device scans the local area. In addition to enabling a Bluetooth be... | ['T1011.001'] |
The SysInfo plugin runs a selection of basic reconnaissance commands on the victim's machine via a cmd.exe process | ['T1059.003'] |
To compress the data, GetFrame() invokes the Common.Compress() method, which is used to compress the data by leveraging the C# GZipStream compression class | ['T1560.002'] |
On top of this configuration change, this sample does not use the libcurl library for network exfiltration. Instead, it uses an external library. To locate it, the backdoor tries to decrypt each file in the current directory using AES-256-CBC with the key gFjMXBgyXWULmVVVzyxy padded with zeroes. Each file is “decrypted... | ['T1027'] |
FIVEHANDS uses an embedded NTRU public key. This NTRU key is SHA512 hashed and the first 32 bytes are used as the victim ID within the ransom note. This NTRU pubic key is also used to encrypt each file's symmetric key. For the symmetric key, FIVEHANDS uses an embedded generation routine to produce 16 random bytes used ... | ['T1486'] |
The Seedworm group controls its Powermud backdoor from behind a proxy network to hide the ultimate command-and-control (C&C) location. The Seedworm group is the only group known to use the Powermud backdoor | ['T1090.002'] |
While we do not have data supporting targeting information or telemetry, we know the document was created in January 2018 and likely used in an attack around that time frame. The QUADAGENT payload dropped by the delivery document had the filename AdobeAcrobatLicenseVerify.ps1 and used acrobatverify[.]com for its C2. Th... | ['T1008'] |
By performing two-factor authentication interception by receiving the OTP on their own telephone number, they gained access to the company network via the VPN. Our hypothesis is that they tested the 2FA-system first or selected the primary phone number to send a SMS to. Thus the 2FA code was sent with supporting Chines... | ['T1111'] |
The script will then proceed to download a tar compressed archive from a download server according to the architecture of the compromised system | ['T1105'] |
In their advisory published on Jan. 26, 2022, CERT-UA asserted that the initial vector for the malware, dubbed WhisperGate, was either a supply-chain attack or exploitation. The first payload in this infection is responsible for the initial attempt at wiping the systems. The malware executable wipes the master boot rec... | ['T1542.003'] |
Process name, service name, and driver path listings are obtained, and each value is hashed via the FNV-1a + XOR algorithm as described previously and checked against hardcoded blocklists. Some of these hashes have been brute force reversed as part of this analysis, showing that these routines are scanning for analysis... | ['T1057'] |
Note that the actor used the DLL name wercplsupporte.dll as an attempt to masquerade as the legitimate DLL name, which is wercplsupport.dll (T1036.005: Match Legitimate Name or Location). In addition, more masquerading was used to make malicious Scheduled Tasks blend in with legitimate ones (T1053.005: Scheduled Task | ['T1036.005'] |
All this data is merged in one file xmlrwbin.inc, which is then encrypted with RC4. To be able to decipher the data, the attacker should certainly know either the MD5 hash or the whole buffer content. This data is also sent, but RSA encrypted. The malware constructs a 1120 bit public key, uses it to encrypt the 117-byt... | ['T1070.004'] |
The file reflectively injects a ransomware DLL into the memory of the legitimate running process explorer.exe | ['T1055.001'] |
They renamed their files to make them look like legitimate files, for example, KB77846376.exe, named after Microsoft update files. They routinely used standard tools that would mimic legitimate administrator activities. When planting webshells on the Outlook Exchange servers, they modified already existing legitimate f... | ['T1070.004'] |
Limited obfuscation was encountered, where the authors split up strings into smaller sub-strings and used ‘strcpy’ and ‘strcat’ calls to re-build them prior to use. They also used this same technique to generate garbage strings that are never used. Comments have been added to show the fully-generated strings | ['T1027'] |
We also noticed that the actors reused the VBS decode function published by Motobit. Figure 4 shows the comparison between the base64 function used in the macro code and the VBS base64 decoder function published by Motobit | ['T1059.005'] |
Windows AppLocker allows administrators to control which executable files are denied or authorized to execute. AppLocker works well for executables and over time it has also been improved to control various script types, including JScript, PowerShell and VBScript. This has significantly reduced the attack surface and f... | ['T1220'] |
Inception is continuing to use chains of infected routers to act as proxies and mask communications between the attackers and the cloud service providers they use. Certain router manufacturers have UPnP listening on WAN as a default configuration. These routers are hijacked by Inception and configured to forward traffi... | ['T1090.003'] |
The classic Shlayer technique is clearly evident here: passing encrypted and password-protected code to openssl and then writing that out as a payload to the /tmp folder | ['T1140'] |
While both malware families are designed to deploy Cobalt Strike Beacon, there are differences in Cobalt Strike configuration. To date, Symantec has seen four samples of Raindrop. In three cases, Cobalt Strike was configured to use HTTPS as a communication protocol. In the fourth it was configured to use SMB Named Pipe... | ['T1090.001'] |
Nonetheless, the infected DLL contains just one method (named DynamicRun), that can receive a C# script from a web request, compile it on the fly, and execute it | ['T1059.001'] |
There are additional keys within the Registry that can be modified to further roll back the patch and expose unsafe options in Outlook. The following setting can be used to re-enable the original home page tab and roaming home page behavior in the Outlook UI | ['T1137.004'] |
In addition to the encrypted strings table, BitPaymer replaces the remaining strings in the binary with hashes and uses an algorithm to match these hashes with strings that exist on the host. The hashing algorithm generates a CRC32 hash of the string, converted to lowercase. This hash is combined with a DWORD using a s... | ['T1027'] |
Targets are approached with spearphishing emails that contain a link to a ZIP file hosted on Google Drive. That archive contains several LNK (aka shortcut) files that extract and execute a malicious JavaScript component, while displaying a decoy document | ['T1204.001', 'T1566.002'] |
Throughout our research, we witnessed several different infection chains being used to deliver the Aria-body backdoor. This RTF file, which was infected (weaponized) with the RoyalRoad exploit builder, drops a loader named intel.wll into the target PC’s Word startup folder. The loader in turn tries to download and exec... | ['T1137.006'] |
When running on Windows 7, the malicious library uses the Metasploit Framework’s open-source code Win7Elevate to inject malicious code into explorer.exe | ['T1055'] |
Over 80 files were sent to 40 email accounts within the organization, within the span of about an hour. The email contains Microsoft Excel attachments with malicious macros. When the file is opened, it loads in Microsoft Excel and urges the user to enable macros | ['T1204.002'] |
RTF documents sent in the observed campaigns contain exploits for several vulnerabilities in Microsoft Office, and they seem to be created using a version of an exploit toolkit, often referred to as Threadkit. Threadkit is not exclusively used by the actors behind the observed attacks but also by other groups utilizing... | ['T1203'] |
BUBBLEWRAP is a full-featured backdoor that is set to run when the system boots, and can communicate using HTTP, HTTPS, or a SOCKS proxy. This backdoor collects system information, including the operating system version and hostname, and includes functionality to check, upload, and register plugins that can further enh... | ['T1082'] |
Upon execution, the Micropsia malware takes screenshots every 90 seconds by calling to Gdi32.BitBlt API. Screenshots are saved as unencrypted files in JPEG format with a specific file name that contains the current timestamp (yyyy-mm-dd hh-nn-ss) with the hardcoded extension .his | ['T1113'] |
Both variants build their API imports dynamically using GetProcAddress, including wtsapi32.dll for gathering user and domain names for any active remote sessions - Both variants contain a variety of functionalities based on command IDs issued by the control servers - Common capabilities of both malware: Listing files i... | ['T1082', 'T1057', 'T1083'] |
Our dynamic analysis showed Lokibot’s behavior, including the benefits and drawbacks of several unpacking methods. Lokibot also used an infected system machine global unique identifier (GUID) value to generate a mutex (an MD5 hash) that acted as a flag to prevent itself from infecting the same machine again. We conduct... | ['T1055.012'] |
In a recent wave of attacks during February 2019, Elfin attempted to exploit a known vulnerability (CVE-2018-20250) in WinRAR, the widely used file archiving and compression utility capable of creating self-extracting archive files. The exploit was used against one target in the chemical sector in Saudi Arabia. If succ... | ['T1203'] |
When the decrypt button is clicked without the ransom being paid, the malware decrypts the files listed in f.wnry. The files listed in f.wnry are those randomly selected to be encrypted with the embedded public key | ['T1486'] |
The backdoor appears to support network communication over ports 80 (HTTP) and 443(HTTPS). In recent samples, a certificate is issued from the infected host for communication over HTTPS | ['T1071.001'] |
Close analysis of the delivered payloads and legitimate resources retrieved from URLs by the first stage malware dropper reveals that TA416 is once again using an updated version of PlugX malware to target their victims. Historically, the group has relied on a variety of legitimate antivirus files, including the Avast ... | ['T1574.001'] |
Password from successful login to the infected server: Whenever someone logs in a system infected with Linux/Ebury, the sshd daemon will save the password and send it to the exfiltration server. Password on successful login from the infected server: When someone uses the ssh client on an infected server, Linux/Ebury wi... | ['T1552.004'] |
Details: One way Qbot steals sensitive information is by extracting browser data from Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge by using the built-in utility esentutl.exe. Writing an analytic looking for a process of esentutl.exe with Windows\WebCache in the command line may help you catch this behavior | ['T1005'] |
Executes VBScript using Process.Start. Next, the DLL loads an embedded resource named "78c855a088924e92a7f60d661c3d1845" into memory and decrypts it using multiple XOR operations. Loads the resource using Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream. Method that performs the XOR decryption. The decrypted resource is a DLL file e... | ['T1140'] |
When executed, the .NET Framework wrapper will first check if VMware tools is running in background, this is done via a simple process check, searching for any process named “vmtoolsd. Provided there are no matching processes running, the malware continues execution, creating a registry entry with the name ‘MSASCuiLTas... | ['T1497.001'] |
This turned out to be the best solution, as the Cobalt group set up a controlled botnet in the bank's network which was very difficult to track and even harder to stop. Initially the Cobalt group focused on jackpotting ATMs: they launched a program that sent commands directly to the dispenser to issue cash. Network pen... | ['T1547.001'] |
Raindrop is compiled as a DLL, which is built from a modified version of 7-Zip source code. The 7-Zip code is not utilized and is designed to hide malicious functionality added by the attackers. The DLL is compiled where the Name file of the Export Directory Table is “"7-zip.dll" and the Export Names are | ['T1036'] |
Targets are sent spear phishing e-mails that lead them to a web site displaying a lure document and are immediately prompted to install a malicious Google Chrome extension. Once gaining a foothold, the threat actors use off-the-shelf tools to ensure persistence, including Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to maintain acces... | ['T1555.003'] |
In both cases, Group5 disguised the malicious binaries with several layers of obfuscation, including crypting and packing to reduce the possibility of detection by antivirus software | ['T1027'] |
The malware also monitors all fixed and removable drives mapped on the local system. Whenever a new drive is inserted, it creates a list of all the files on the drive and stores it encrypted in a file | ['T1119'] |
This extreme level of variance was also applied to non-executable entities, such as WMI persistence filter name, WMI filter query, passwords used for 7-zip archives, and names of output log files. Tools and binaries used by the attackers (e.g. ADFIND legit tool) were always renamed and placed in folders that mimicked e... | ['T1047'] |
The sample arrives as an app bundled in a Zip archive. It uses the icon for a Word document file as a disguise, attempting to pass itself off as a legitimate document file | ['T1036.004'] |
The majority of 2017 and 2018 Karagany samples analyzed by CTU researchers were packed using a custom packer, albeit a reasonably simple one that performs a number of binary shifts and logic operations. Karagany campaigns in 2016 and prior typically used the UPX packer as an additional layer of obfuscation, but this be... | ['T1027.002'] |
Unlike a Docker engine that runs on a single host, a Kubernetes cluster typically contains more than one host and every host can run multiple containers. Given the abundant resources in a Kubernetes infrastructure, a hijacked Kubernetes cluster can be more profitable than a hijacked Docker host. This new TeamTNT malwar... | ['T1133'] |
OwaAuth is a web shell that is installed as an ISAPI filter on Exchange servers and shares characteristics with the ChinaChopper web shell. The OwaAuth web shell enables a threat actor to upload and download files, launch processes, and execute SQL queries | ['T1036.005'] |
The instrumentor script also performs a cleanup of the cookies for Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge browsers. This is done by simply terminating any browser processes running on the system and then deleting the cookie files on disk | ['T1555.003'] |
They renamed their files to make them look like legitimate files, for example, trilog.exe, named after a legitimate Schneider Electric application | ['T1036.005'] |
After a user logs on, a variety of credentials are generated and stored in the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service, LSASS, process in memory. While you can prevent a Windows computer from creating the LM hash in the local computer SAM database (and the AD database), this doesn’t prevent the system from generatin... | ['T1098'] |
Much like the known actors Miniduke or CommentCrew, it hides base64 encoded and encrypted control server locations in comments on legitimate web sites. However, unlike the previous actors, the encrypted data provides information about the next hop, or the true C2 for the backdoor, instead of initial commands | ['T1102.001'] |
Lateral movement began around 28 hours after initial entry, using SMB to drop a Cobalt Strike Beacon on a domain controller. From there, the threat actor used WMIC to execute the beacon | ['T1021.002'] |
Central Command network, including computers both in the headquarters and in the combat zones.The threat involved into this incident is referred as Agent.btz. There is even a clash with another threat that is also detected as Agent.btz by another vendor – but that's a totally different threat with different functionali... | ['T1016'] |
Seaduke delivery The attackers control Cozyduke via compromised websites, issuing instructions to infected machines by uploading “tasks” to a database file. Cozyduke will periodically contact these websites to retrieve task information to be executed on the local machine. One such task (an encoded PowerShell script) in... | ['T1059.001'] |
After this data has been aggregated, it is uploaded to a hardcoded command and control (C2) server via HTTP. The data is embedded within the ‘Cookie’ HTTP header, as seen below | ['T1071.001'] |
Persistence: Creates a Windows RUN registry key for persistence. The name of the key is: "Dropbox Update Setup". This name was consistent in all the samples. This key points to the location of the Python-compiled binary in the %appdata% directory to ensure that it is started automatically each time the system is reboot... | ['T1036.004', 'T1547.001'] |
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The samples install HTTPBrowser at %APPDATA%/wdm.exe. Persistence is established via the HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRun key value for wdm set to the path of the executable. Previous samples have set persistence via Run key values for 360v | ['T1547.001'] |
Network penetration In all cases investigated by Group-IB, the Cobalt group used a set of spear phishing emails to gain initial access to the corporate infrastructure. Running in RAM Cobalt Strike modules aren't stored in the file system; their executable code can only be found in RAM. Provision of the malware survivab... | ['T1219'] |
A configuration file resides in a file under the backdoor’s installation directory with the .bin extension. It contains commands in the same form as those listed in Table 2 that are automatically executed by the backdoor when it is started. These commands are also executed when the loadconfig command is issued. This fi... | ['T1547.001'] |
The payload contains an exploit for the unpatched local privilege escalation vulnerability CVE-2015-1701 in Microsoft Windows. The exploit uses CVE-2015-1701 to execute a callback in userspace. The callback gets the EPROCESS structures of the current process and the System process, and copies data from the System token... | ['T1134.001'] |
Several days after that, on July 10, 2020, the attackers connected to the router via SSH and set up the PuTTy PSCP (the PuTTY Secure Copy client) utility on one of the infected machines. This utility was used to upload malware to the router VM. This enabled the attackers to place malware onto systems in the restricted ... | ['T1021.004'] |
If the process is running with Low integrity, REvil terminates the current process and launches another instance of itself via ShellExecute using the "runas" command, which executes the new instance with administrative rights | ['T1134.002'] |
A Web Shell is a file containing backdoor functionality written in a web scripting language such ASP, ASPX, PHP or JSP. When a web shell is hosted on an internet facing victim system, an adversary can remotely access the system to perform malicious actions. Deep Panda is a China based threat group CrowdStrike has obser... | ['T1505.003'] |
The RDAT sample with the novel EWS C2 channel also had HTTP and DNS tunneling as C2 channels as well, which are very similar to other RDAT samples we collected. The HTTP C2 channel uses HTTP POST requests to transmit data to the C2 server | ['T1030'] |
We have identified 127 different domains used to host Silent Librarian phishing sites since 2013. Like a growing number of phishing sites, domains registered by Silent Librarian generally use Freenom top-level domains (TLDs) (.TK, . CF, .GA, .GQ, .ML) because they are available at no cost. The group has used domains on... | ['T1583.001'] |
One of the Cl0p variants encrypts the files by generating an RSA public key, retrieving its first 127 bytes and using them as the RC4 key, adding the Cl0p^_- header and the RC4 encrypting it again. Once the files are encrypted, the Cl0p extension will be added to each encrypted file | ['T1486'] |
The malicious payload associated with the campaign appears to be a new version of Zeus Panda, a banking trojan designed to stealing banking and other sensitive credentials for exfiltration by attackers. The overall operation of the Zeus Panda banking trojan has been well documented, however Talos wanted to provide addi... | ['T1082'] |
Additionally, Microsoft warned that this vulnerability could be used in the crafting of a wormable exploit. The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) site references this vulnerability as CVE-2008-4250 | ['T1210'] |
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