[User]
Logic of a solution: *Plants that are adapted to very dry environments are called xerophytes. Succulents, bromeliads and cacti are xerophytes. A plant that is adapt to a very dry environment is a cacti.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Cacti are adapted to what?
Options:
- (A) the snow
- (B) dry environments
- (C) Animal survival
- (D) survival
- (E) tropical regions
- (F) moist environments
- (G) relocation
- (H) salt and water.*
Line 1: *Hair is a fiber that is found only in mammals. All mammals are warm-blooded. Hair is a fiber that is found only in warm-blooded animals.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What fiber can be found only in warm-blooded animals?
Options:
- (A) teeth
- (B) birth marks
- (C) muscle
- (D) taste buds
- (E) hair
- (F) wool
- (G) sugar
- (H) fur*
Logic of a solution: *Mollusks are a major food source for other organisms, including humans. Mollusks are soft-bodied invertebrates. Soft-bodied invertebrates are a major food source for other organisms, including humans.*
*(B)*
The original question: *What are a major food source for other organisms, including humans?
Options:
- (A) Earthworms
- (B) Soft-bodied invertebrates
- (C) Fully cooking the oysters
- (D) absorb light energy
- (E) remains of prehistoric life
- (F) members of their own species
- (G) Humans
- (H) Lawns*
Line 1: *All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Activation energy is required to overcome the energy barrier. All chemical reactions must first overcome the energy barrier.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *What must a chemical reaction overcome before starting?
Options:
- (A) PV=nRT
- (B) heat or cold
- (C) reactants
- (D) energy barrier
- (E) Dehydration
- (F) harmful substances
- (G) resistance
- (H) temperature*
Logic of a solution: *Mollusks are a major food source for other organisms, including humans. Mollusks are invertebrates and are no exception. Invertebrates are a major food source for other organisms, including humans.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What is a major food source for other organisms, including humans?
Options:
- (A) gastropod shells
- (B) orchids
- (C) invertebrates
- (D) swamp vegetation
- (E) Most plants
- (F) insects
- (G) barnacles
- (H) animals*
Logic of a solution: *Amphibians are the first true tetrapods, or vertebrates with four limbs. Frogs are classified as amphibians. Frogs are tetrapods.*
*(C)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*_ are tetrapods.
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) amoeba
- (C) Frogs
- (D) Length
- (E) insects
- (F) Spiders
- (G) Snakes
- (H) Birds*


[User]
Ques and Ans: Arthropods have a life cycle with what?
Options:
- (A) rapid expansion
- (B) survival
- (C) aerobic capacity
- (D) food and shelter
- (E) an organism's body
- (F) reproduce
- (G) barnacles
- (H) mixing genes up
(H)
Logic for the answer: Arthropods have a life cycle with sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction mixes the genes up more than is possible with asexual reproduction. Arthropods have a life cycle with mixing genes up.

Ques and Ans: Carbon cycles quickly between organisms and
Options:
- (A) O2
- (B) DNA
- (C) comets
- (D) air
- (E) Aves
- (F) ocean
- (G) satellites
- (H) lung
(D)
Logic for the answer: Carbon cycles quickly between organisms and the atmosphere. Atmosphere is the blanket of air around the earth. Carbon cycles quickly between organisms and the blanket of air around the earth.

Ques and Ans: How do starfish communicate with each other?
Options:
- (A) huddle together
- (B) writing
- (C) during the day
- (D) pheromones
- (E) Chemical energy
- (F) waving their arms
- (G) Decibels
- (H) talking
(D)
Logic for the answer: Echinoderms use pheromones to communicate with each other. Echinoderms are represented by the starfish. Starfish use pheromones to communicate with each other.

Ques and Ans: Where does a starfish have its water vascular system?
Options:
- (A) salt and water.
- (B) Chlorophyll
- (C) the environment
- (D) in its arms
- (E) on the rocks
- (F) in its eyes
- (G) Epidermis
- (H) in the ocean
(D)
Logic for the answer:

[Assistant] Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Each starfish arm is lined with tube feet. Each starfish arm contains part of the water vascular system.


[User]
Solution idea: Alternation of generations allows for both asexual and sexual reproduction. Advantages and disadvantages of sexual as opposed to asexual means of reproduction. Alternation of generations allows for using the most advantageous type of reproduction.
Q: The most advantageous type of reproduction can be chosen when generational what is used?
Options:
- (A) Plants growth
- (B) alternation
- (C) competition
- (D) Chemical energy
- (E) A computer
- (F) colors
- (G) Energy.
- (H) Energy
A: (B)

Solution idea: Amphibians have permeable skin that easily absorbs substances from the environment. Natural Toxins Toxins are poisonous substances from bacterias, plants or animals. Amphibians have permeable skin that can easily absorb toxins from bacterias, plants or animals.
Q: Why can amphibians easily absorb toxins?
Options:
- (A) salamanders
- (B) permeable skin
- (C) hydrate their cells
- (D) it needs them
- (E) poisonous frogs
- (F) Pesticides
- (G) cold blooded
- (H) bending light rays
A: (B)

Solution idea: Animals use saturated fatty acids to store energy. All dogs are animals . Dogs use saturated fatty acids to store energy.
Q: Where do dogs store energy?
Options:
- (A) Something coming from a gland
- (B) saturated fatty acids
- (C) Earth orbiting the Sun
- (D) the environment
- (E) Slowing the transfer of heat
- (F) an organism's body
- (G) it keeps an organism warm
- (H) it helps plants in growing
A: (B)

Solution idea: Organisms cluster around hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor. Hydrothermal vents are powered by the heat of submarine volcanoes. Organisms cluster around the heat of submarine volcanoes.

[Assistant]
Q: What clusters around the heat of submarine volcanoes?
Options:
- (A) ferns
- (B) organisms
- (C) vegetation
- (D) humans
- (E) emissions
- (F) Energy
- (G) insects
- (H) the sun
A: (B)


[User]
Some viruses live in a dormant state inside the body. After an episode of chickenpox, the virus becomes dormant in the body. Chicken pox can live in an inactive state.
This justifies what answer for what question? Q & A:

[Assistant]
What is an example of an entity that can live on in a completely inactive state?
Options:
- (A) an object
- (B) sloths
- (C) hibernating bears
- (D) Conifers
- (E) chickenpox
- (F) barnacles
- (G) a fish
- (H) mammals
(E)


[User]
Line 1: *Genes that are located on the same chromosome are called linked genes. For example, epilepsy and splay leg tend to link with the vienna white gene. Epilepsy and splay leg are located on the same chromosome.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *Epilepsy and splay leg are located on the same what?
Options:
- (A) organ
- (B) Joules
- (C) kalenchoes
- (D) sensory neurons
- (E) chromosome
- (F) nerves
- (G) critical organs
- (H) four limbs*
Logic of a solution: *Most plants grow roots down into the soil to absorb water and minerals. Beets and carrots are the roots of plants. Most carrots grow down into the soil to absorb water and minerals.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What grows into the soil to absorb water and minerals?
Options:
- (A) NaCl
- (B) vegetation
- (C) burrs
- (D) Trees
- (E) grass
- (F) Carrots
- (G) Conifers
- (H) potatoes*
Line 1: *Flowing water can slowly dissolve carbon in sedimentary rock. Rivers and streams are bodies of fresh, flowing water. Rivers and streams can slowly dissolve carbon in sedimentary rock.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What can slowly dissolve carbon in sedimentary rock?
Options:
- (A) hydrocarbons
- (B) acetic acid
- (C) precipitation
- (D) evaporation
- (E) rivers and streams
- (F) puddles
- (G) ponds
- (H) nitrogen*
Logic of a solution: *Fertilization of gametes produces a diploid zygote. Female gametes are called eggs. Fertilization of eggs produces a diploid zygote.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Fertilization of what would produce a diploid zygote?
Options:
- (A) fetus
- (B) seeds
- (C) H 2 O
- (D) bamboo
- (E) offspring
- (F) eggs
- (G) apples
- (H) sperm*
Line 1: *Most plants grow roots down into the soil to absorb water and minerals. If the plant is green, it is a producer. Most producers grow roots down into the soil to absorb water and minerals.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What can a producer grow down into the soil in order to absorb minerals and water?
Options:
- (A) Trees
- (B) stems
- (C) roots
- (D) Oak
- (E) seeds
- (F) burrs
- (G) grass
- (H) water absorbing petals*
Line 1: *Hormones are chemical messengers that control many body functions. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain. Hormones and neurotransmitters behave in common ways.*
*(H)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*Neurotransmitters and hormones are what in their function?
Options:
- (A) cells
- (B) organic
- (C) inorganic
- (D) complex
- (E) Vibrates
- (F) warm
- (G) properties
- (H) similar*


[User]
Ques and Ans: What can have motility?
Options:
- (A) Small things with a microscope
- (B) gastropod shells
- (C) members of their own species
- (D) one celled organisms
- (E) Something to move
- (F) mitochondria
- (G) rocks
- (H) intestines
(D)
Logic chain: Most protists have motility. Protists are one celled organisms. One celled organisms can have motility.

Ques and Ans: Soil can be depleted of a thing that fertilizers can what to soil?
Options:
- (A) grow
- (B) add
- (C) loss
- (D) pH
- (E) harm
- (F) corn
- (G) peat
- (H) kill
(B)
Logic chain: Soil can be depleted of nutrients. Fertilizers add nutrients to the soil. Soil can be depleted of what fertilizers can add to soil.

Ques and Ans: What can regrow sections that they have lost?
Options:
- (A) leeches
- (B) alveoli
- (C) crocodiles
- (D) vegetation
- (E) a fish
- (F) bacteria
- (G) barnacles
- (H) sharks
(A)
Logic chain: Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Annelids include earthworms and leeches. Leeches have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off.

Ques and Ans: What is the euphrates larger than?
Options:
- (A) ocean
- (B) planet
- (C) trees
- (D) sea
- (E) Inches
- (F) Sediment
- (G) stream
- (H) Length
(G)
Logic chain:

[Assistant] Rivers are usually larger than streams. And the fourth river is the Great River, the river Euphrates. The Euphrates is larger than a stream.


[User] Some viruses live in a dormant state inside the body. When ferns are dormant it is as if they are hibernating. Some viruses live in a hibernating state inside the body.is the reasoning for what question and answer pair?

[Assistant]
Q: What can stay hidden in a hibernating state inside the body?
Options:
- (A) infections
- (B) blood cells
- (C) fungi
- (D) insects
- (E) viruses
- (F) honeybees
- (G) plasma
- (H) barnacles
A: (E)


[User]
Ans: (A)
Question: What animal found on earth would belong to the phylum platyhelmintes?
Options:
- (A) bilaterally symmetrical worms
- (B) Something with a head, thorax, and abdomen
- (C) remains of prehistoric life
- (D) Something that makes plants green
- (E) Microscopic organisms
- (F) female sex cells
- (G) it helps plants in growing
- (H) share properties
CoT: Flatworms belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes. Flatworms are bilaterally symmetric. Bilaterally symmetric worms belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes.

Ans: (C)
Question: Where do rays enter the eye?
Options:
- (A) glass
- (B) Summer
- (C) pupil
- (D) lenses
- (E) harmful
- (F) the sun
- (G) photons
- (H) skin
CoT: Light enters the eye through an opening called the pupil. Light rays are focussed on the retina. When rays are shined at the eyes, they enter an opening called the pupil.

Ans: (A)
Question: Plants have specialized tissues for what?
Options:
- (A) reproduction
- (B) muscles
- (C) bone
- (D) important habitats
- (E) health
- (F) food and shelter
- (G) skeleton
- (H) survival
CoT: Plants have specialized reproductive organs. Tissues are organized into organs. Plants have specialized reproductive tissues.

Ans: (D)

[Assistant]
Question: Pollen consists of tiny grains that are the _ of plants.
Options:
- (A) Mitosis
- (B) made
- (C) small
- (D) sperm
- (E) seeds
- (F) honey
- (G) flowers
- (H) edible
CoT: Pollen consists of tiny grains that are the male gametes of plants. Male gametes are called sperm. Pollen consists of tiny grains that are the sperm. of plants.


[User]
Consider the question. What swims from male to female reproductive organs in fertilization?
Options:
- (A) ovaries
- (B) barnacles
- (C) fur seals
- (D) eggs
- (E) gastropod shells
- (F) male gametes
- (G) kinetic energy
- (H) female gametes
 If the answer is '(F)'; explain the reasoning:

[Assistant] Sperm had to swim from male to female reproductive organs for fertilization. Gametes in males are called sperm, and in women commonly referred to as eggs. Male gametes swim from male to female reproductive organs for fertilization.


[User]
Given the stream of consciousness rationale, provide a reasonable question and answer. Rationale: Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Coral reefs are predominantly calcite. Calcite provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms.
 The question and answer:

[Assistant]
What provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms?
Options:
- (A) houses
- (B) umbrellas
- (C) limestone
- (D) ferns
- (E) sharks
- (F) barnacles
- (G) calcite
- (H) sheds
The answer is (G)


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Some precipitation that falls on land may soak into the ground, becoming groundwater. Rain is also known as precipitation. Rain that falls on land may soak into the ground and become groundwater.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What is rain that absorbs into the earth called?
Options:
- (A) aqueous solution
- (B) heat energy
- (C) soilwater
- (D) groundwater
- (E) peachleaf willow
- (F) mud
- (G) puddle
- (H) water vapor*
Line 1: *Steroid hormones are made of lipids, such as phospholipids and cholesterol. Lipids Lipids are diverse hydrophobic molecules. Steroid hormones are made of diverse hydrophobic molecules, such as phospholipids and cholesterol.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Steroid hormones are made of what kind of matter?
Options:
- (A) increases a body's strength
- (B) solid, liquid, gas
- (C) Something coming from a gland
- (D) diverse hydrophobic molecules
- (E) it helps plants in growing
- (F) Something that comes in a bundle of fibers
- (G) A compound that donates proton
- (H) Chemical energy*
Logic of a solution: *Behaviors can be learned through play. Girls have played with dolls for generations. Girls have used dolls to learn behaviors for generations.*
*(H)*
The original question: *Girls have used what to learn behaviors for generations?
Options:
- (A) Birds
- (B) trees
- (C) rainbows
- (D) sound
- (E) alleles
- (F) bows
- (G) nerves
- (H) dolls*
Line 1: *Biodiversity increases the productivity and stability of ecosystems. Ecotourism, on the other hand, can help to conserve biodiversity. Ecotourism increases the stability of ecosystems.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What increases the stability of ecosystems?
Options:
- (A) overpopulation
- (B) water consumption
- (C) loose soil
- (D) Quality of life
- (E) agriculture
- (F) deforestation
- (G) ecotourism
- (H) trees*
Logic of a solution: *Mating is generally preceded by courtship. Friendship usually precedes courtship, and courtship, marriage. Friendship often comes before mating.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What often precedes mating?
Options:
- (A) A Greek letter
- (B) competition
- (C) friendship
- (D) birth of a child
- (E) death
- (F) Chemical energy
- (G) pregnancy
- (H) sweating*
Logic of a solution: *Muscles can only contract. Bones work with muscles to perform movement. Contraction enables bones to perform movement.*
*(A)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What enables bones to perform movement?
Options:
- (A) contraction
- (B) Energy
- (C) sensory neurons
- (D) looseness
- (E) Chemical energy
- (F) Vibrates
- (G) fur and fat
- (H) layers of fat*


[User]
Consider the question. What wets the skin, and when it evaporates, it cools the body?
Options:
- (A) Heat energy
- (B) salt and water
- (C) acetic acid
- (D) urine
- (E) ice
- (F) Chlorophyll
- (G) white vinegar
- (H) blood
 What is the step-by-step reasoning process to arrive at the answer: (B)?

[Assistant] Sweat wets the skin, and when it evaporates, it cools the body. Sweat is made of salt and water. Water and salt wets the skin, and when it evaporates, it cools the body.


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Sperm had to swim from male to female reproductive organs for fertilization. Within the body are the stomach and reproductive organs. Sperm had to swim from male to female organs within the body for fertilization.*
*(H)*
The original question: *Sperm had to swim from male to female what for fertilization?
Options:
- (A) The flowers are pollinated
- (B) seed dispersal
- (C) that material's properties
- (D) produce offspring
- (E) Something coming from a gland
- (F) A compound that donates proton
- (G) metabolic reaction
- (H) Organs within the body.*
Line 1: *Echinoderms lack respiratory and excretory systems. Echinoderms are represented by the starfish. Starfish lack respiratory and excretory systems.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What lacks respiratory and excretory systems?
Options:
- (A) the Sun
- (B) insects
- (C) starfish
- (D) barnacles
- (E) ferns
- (F) water
- (G) Conifers
- (H) humans*
Logic of a solution: *Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. Conventional myosin is required for cytokinesis . Conventional myosin is required for the final stage of cell division.*
*(C)*
The original question: *Conventional myosin is required for the final stage of what?
Options:
- (A) Energy.
- (B) sweating
- (C) cell division
- (D) flow of electrons
- (E) Plants growth
- (F) Dehydration
- (G) movement
- (H) rapid expansion*
Line 1: *Specialization occurs when competing species evolve different adaptations. Beaks show a lot of variation and specialization for different functions. Beak variation came about because of competing species evolving different adaptations.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What is the reason beak variation came about in birds?
Options:
- (A) By wind and rain
- (B) Attracting mates
- (C) It helps them survive
- (D) the Earth being tilted
- (E) Competing species evolving
- (F) it keeps an organism warm
- (G) To assist in flying
- (H) Warding off predators*
Logic of a solution: *Oxygen is just one substance transported by the blood. Blood glucose is the substance that feeds our cells. Oxygen and glucose are transported the same way in the body.*
*(C)*
The original question: *Oxygen and glucose share this mechanism in the body:
Options:
- (A) it needs them
- (B) aerobic capacity
- (C) transportation
- (D) flow of electrons
- (E) Energy.
- (F) Veins and arteries.
- (G) sweating
- (H) oxidation reaction*
Logic of a solution: *Some parasites kill their host, but most do not. Leeches are external parasites. Some leeches will kill their host, but most do not.*
*(H)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*Some what will kill their host, while others won't?
Options:
- (A) barnacles
- (B) producers
- (C) scavengers
- (D) insects
- (E) cigarettes
- (F) fungi
- (G) plants
- (H) leeches*


[User]
Aggression is behavior that is intended to cause harm or pain. Curses are spells that are often intended to cause harm to another person. Curses are a form of aggression.
This justifies what answer for what question? Q & A:

[Assistant]
What is a curse?
Options:
- (A) a form of aggression
- (B) Something coming from a gland
- (C) after too much water received
- (D) forest is destroyed
- (E) friendly behavior
- (F) a form of love
- (G) nonaggressive
- (H) death and devastation
(A)


[User]
Logic for the Q&A below: Marine species live mainly in shallow coastal waters. All species are aquatic, most are marine. Aquatic species live mainly in shallow coastal waters.
Q: What kind of species of animals mainly live in waters?
Options:
- (A) water plants
- (B) warm-blooded
- (C) colder and wetter
- (D) aquatic animals
- (E) aviary species of animals
- (F) objects that have mass
- (G) It helps them survive
- (H) kindom animalia
A: (D)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Amphibians have permeable skin that easily absorbs substances from the environment. All frogs are amphibians. Frogs have permeable skin that easily absorb substances in the environment.
Q: What has permeable skin?
Options:
- (A) goats
- (B) alligators
- (C) animals
- (D) apples
- (E) frogs
- (F) sharks
- (G) humans
- (H) snakes
A: (E)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Plants release oxygen during the day but not during the night. Another kind of plant is the fishhook cactus. The fishhook cactus releases oxygen during the day but not during the night.
Q: What does the fishhook cactus release during the day but not during the night.
Options:
- (A) heat
- (B) Air
- (C) water
- (D) carbon monoxide
- (E) carbon dioxide
- (F) oxygen
- (G) Energy.
- (H) Energy
A: (F)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Coral reefs are predominantly calcite. Calcite provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms.

[Assistant]
Q: What provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms?
Options:
- (A) houses
- (B) umbrellas
- (C) limestone
- (D) ferns
- (E) sharks
- (F) barnacles
- (G) calcite
- (H) sheds
A: (G)
--


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Head hair is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body. Basically, heat is energy. Head hair is especially important in preventing energy loss from the body.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What does head hair prevent the loss of?
Options:
- (A) matter
- (B) chemicals
- (C) energy
- (D) sunlight
- (E) Nutrients
- (F) warmth
- (G) humidity
- (H) sweating*

Logic of a solution: *Arthropods have a life cycle with sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction mixes the genes up more than is possible with asexual reproduction. Arthropods have a life cycle with mixing genes up.*
*(H)*
The original question: *Arthropods have a life cycle with what?
Options:
- (A) rapid expansion
- (B) survival
- (C) aerobic capacity
- (D) food and shelter
- (E) an organism's body
- (F) reproduce
- (G) barnacles
- (H) mixing genes up*

Logic of a solution: *Roundworms make up the phylum Nematoda. Within the Nematoda, a range of reproductive systems occur. A range of reproductive systems occur in roundworms.*
*(D)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What has a range of sexual reproductive systems?
Options:
- (A) Computer systems.
- (B) Most plants
- (C) animals
- (D) Roundworms.
- (E) mammals
- (F) Art reproductions.
- (G) insects
- (H) Stuffed toy bears.*


[User]
Line 1: *Temperature falls from the equator to the poles. First, strong winds circling Antarctica isolate the atmosphere near the pole the winter. Temperature falls from the equator to Antarctica.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *Temperature falls from the equator to
Options:
- (A) South Africa
- (B) Antarctica
- (C) Asia
- (D) our planet
- (E) Summer
- (F) during the day
- (G) South America
- (H) It decreases*
Logic of a solution: *All plants have a characteristic life cycle that includes alternation of generations. All trees are plants, including redwoods. All redwoods have a characteristic life cycle that includes alternation of generations.*
*(F)*
The original question: *All redwoods have a characteristic life cycle that includes what?
Options:
- (A) seed dispersal
- (B) alternation stations
- (C) biological diversity
- (D) The flowers are pollinated
- (E) sub-units of species
- (F) alternation of generations
- (G) alternation alteration
- (H) alternation of genetics*
Line 1: *Plasma cells are activated B cells that secrete antibodies. Plasma Cells Plasma Cells Plasma cells are the mature form of B-lymphocytes. Mature forms of B-lymphocytes secrete antibodies.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *The mature form of what kind of cell secretes antibodies?
Options:
- (A) more abundant
- (B) it needs them
- (C) positive
- (D) graptolites
- (E) A Greek letter
- (F) barnacles
- (G) B-lymphocytes
- (H) homogenous*
Logic of a solution: *Endocrine hormones travel throughout the body in the blood. For the tourists, there are many places to travel. Endocrine hormones move from place to place in the body through the blood.*
*(E)*
The original question: *Endocrine hormones move from place to place through the
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) ovaries
- (C) Man
- (D) humans
- (E) blood
- (F) hair
- (G) skin
- (H) scales*
Line 1: *Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Each starfish arm is lined with tube feet. Starfish are echinoderms.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What phylum do starfish belong to?
Options:
- (A) fertile
- (B) animals
- (C) Echinoderm.
- (D) Mollusca.
- (E) Sponge.
- (F) Absorb light
- (G) Annelid.
- (H) a fish*
Line 1: *All animals are heterotrophs. Proteins are an essential nutrient for heterotrophs . Proteins are an essential nutrient for animals.*
*(H)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*_ are an essential nutrient for animals.
Options:
- (A) Energy
- (B) Chemicals
- (C) trees
- (D) potatoes
- (E) Acids
- (F) allow growth
- (G) store
- (H) Proteins*


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Sight is the ability to sense light, and the eye is the organ that senses light. Vision begins with sight. Vision is the ability to sense light and the eye is the organ that senses light.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What does vision give you?
Options:
- (A) ability to eat
- (B) characteristics
- (C) ability to taste
- (D) ability to sense light
- (E) ability to sense sound
- (F) It gets more light
- (G) Something that is self-aware
- (H) Your sensory system picks it up*
Line 1: *Endocrine hormones travel throughout the body in the blood. Breathing affects the flow of hormones through the endocrine system. Breathing allows hormones to travel throughout the body in the bloodstream.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What process helps hormones travel throughout the body in the bloodstream?
Options:
- (A) hydration
- (B) mitosis
- (C) sleeping
- (D) sweating
- (E) oxygen
- (F) allow growth
- (G) eating
- (H) breathing*
Logic of a solution: *Antigens are molecules that the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body. Antigens prompt the body to produce antibodies. Antigens are molecules that prompt the production of antibodies.*
*(E)*
The original question: *Antigens are molecules that prompt the what of antibodies?
Options:
- (A) termination
- (B) failure
- (C) humans
- (D) decrease
- (E) production
- (F) anemia
- (G) rapid expansion
- (H) kinetic*
Line 1: *Pollination is the fertilization step in the sexual reproduction of plants. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains to a stigma. The transfer of pollen grains to a stigma is the fertilization step in the sexual reproduction of plants.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *The transfer of pollen to what is the fertilization step of the sexual reproduction of a plant?
Options:
- (A) stigma
- (B) apples
- (C) flowers
- (D) embryos
- (E) potatoes
- (F) seeds
- (G) eggs
- (H) plants*
Logic of a solution: *Evolution occurs in response to a change in the environment. Different environments Life is a changing phenomenon. Evolution occurs in response to changing phenomenon in life.*
*(D)*
The original question: *Evolution occurs in response to what in life?
Options:
- (A) static events
- (B) global warming
- (C) that material's properties
- (D) changing phenomenon
- (E) major threat to health
- (F) changing tides
- (G) Animal survival
- (H) isolated events*
Logic of a solution: *Mating is generally preceded by courtship. Friendship usually precedes courtship, and courtship, marriage. Friendship often comes before mating.*
*(C)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What often precedes mating?
Options:
- (A) A Greek letter
- (B) competition
- (C) friendship
- (D) birth of a child
- (E) death
- (F) Chemical energy
- (G) pregnancy
- (H) sweating*


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Populations of viruses do not grow through cell division because they are not cells. Cancer is unregulated cell division. Cancer is not caused by viruses.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What is one thing viruses do not cause?
Options:
- (A) disease
- (B) AIDS
- (C) illness
- (D) cancer
- (E) Ebola
- (F) fever
- (G) death
- (H) smallpox*
Line 1: *Hormones are chemical messengers that control many body functions. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain. Hormones and neurotransmitters behave in common ways.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *Neurotransmitters and hormones are what in their function?
Options:
- (A) cells
- (B) organic
- (C) inorganic
- (D) complex
- (E) Vibrates
- (F) warm
- (G) properties
- (H) similar*
Logic of a solution: *Mutations may change the structure of a chromosome or just change a single nucleotide. Chromosomal abnormalities can be examined by chromosome analysis. Mutations can be detected by analysis on gene abnormalities.*
*(C)*
The original question: *Which process of gene abnormalities can mutations be detected?
Options:
- (A) A computer
- (B) ligt
- (C) analysis
- (D) radiation
- (E) electrically
- (F) negative
- (G) Microscope
- (H) illness*
Line 1: *Heterotrophs are living things that cannot make their own food. All fish are heterotrophic. Fish cannot make their own food.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What is one thing fish cannot make?
Options:
- (A) babies
- (B) nests
- (C) matter
- (D) fat
- (E) edible
- (F) Energy
- (G) bubbles
- (H) food*
Logic of a solution: *Mollusks reproduce sexually. An abalone is a shellfish or mollusk. Abalone reproduce sexually.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Abalone is an example of an animal that:
Options:
- (A) refract or absorb.
- (B) They have webbed feet
- (C) important habitats
- (D) Plant growth is reduced
- (E) it keeps an organism warm
- (F) reproduces sexually
- (G) decreases its bodily water
- (H) four limbs*
Logic of a solution: *Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. Prokaryotes are usually microscopic and bacteria is an example of a prokaryote. Bacteria are single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus.*
*(H)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What are single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus?
Options:
- (A) Most plants
- (B) nucleus
- (C) ferns
- (D) fossil fuels
- (E) bushes
- (F) Eukaryotes
- (G) leech
- (H) bacteria*


[User]
Line 1: *Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Coral reefs are predominantly calcite. Calcite provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms?
Options:
- (A) houses
- (B) umbrellas
- (C) limestone
- (D) ferns
- (E) sharks
- (F) barnacles
- (G) calcite
- (H) sheds*
Logic of a solution: *All animals are heterotrophs. All consumers are also called Heterotrophs. All animals are consumers.*
*(A)*
The original question: *All animals are what?
Options:
- (A) consumers
- (B) all matter
- (C) insects
- (D) aquatic
- (E) plants
- (F) furry
- (G) parasites
- (H) infected*
Line 1: *Flowers attract animal pollinators. Insects are the most common animal pollinators, and bees are the most common insect pollinators. Flowers attract bees and other insects.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *Bees and other insects are attracted on purpose by what?
Options:
- (A) colors
- (B) orchids
- (C) human food
- (D) chemicals
- (E) flowers
- (F) humans
- (G) pollen
- (H) perfume*
Logic of a solution: *Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. Alcohol increases degradation and excretion. Alcohol increases the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What increases the process of remove waste and excess water from the body?
Options:
- (A) Sweating
- (B) hydration
- (C) Smoking
- (D) bacteria
- (E) vinegar
- (F) alcohol
- (G) Cooking
- (H) boiling*
Line 1: *Most amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults. Frogs are the most durable of the amphibians. Most frogs breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *How do ost frogs breathe as tadpoles?
Options:
- (A) gills
- (B) sucking in air
- (C) oxygen
- (D) lungs
- (E) ligt
- (F) nektar
- (G) skin
- (H) ovaries*
Line 1: *Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. Basic unit of the plant body is the cell. Basic units of the plant body vary in size as well as shape, but all are very small.*
*(H)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*What may vary in size as well as shape, but all are very small?
Options:
- (A) keeping food fresh for long periods of time
- (B) disease-causing microorganisms
- (C) A solid geometric shape
- (D) Unequal radiation absorption
- (E) Small countries.
- (F) Shapewear.
- (G) A water well.
- (H) Basic units of the plant body.*


[User]
Ques and Ans: Which is immobile?
Options:
- (A) adult starfish
- (B) all matter
- (C) adult goldfish
- (D) gastropod shells
- (E) tadpoles
- (F) adult sponges
- (G) an object
- (H) an organism's body
(F)
Logic chain: Adult sponges are sessile. Sessile Attached permanently, immobile. Adult sponges are immobile.

Ques and Ans: What can decompose a bow?
Options:
- (A) Acids
- (B) Oak
- (C) CO 2
- (D) pine
- (E) erosion
- (F) Wind
- (G) water
- (H) Fungi
(H)
Logic chain: Fungi are the only organisms that can decompose wood. Bows are wood, and wood breaks. Only fungi can decompose bows.

Ques and Ans: What kind of cell division produces sex cells in animals?
Options:
- (A) complex
- (B) insects
- (C) pollen
- (D) gametes
- (E) sexual division
- (F) meiosis
- (G) reproduction cells
- (H) seeds
(F)
Logic chain: Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes. Animals that reproduce sexually produce sex cells, or gametes. Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces sex cells.

Ques and Ans: What is an example of an echinoderm?
Options:
- (A) a fish
- (B) eel
- (C) starfish
- (D) parasites
- (E) ferns
- (F) shark
- (G) fertile
- (H) algae
(C)
Logic chain:

[Assistant] Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Each starfish arm is lined with tube feet. Starfish are an echinoderm with a unique water vascular system.


[User]
Question. What differ strongly in appearance and are barrel shaped?
Options:
- (A) bears
- (B) barnacles
- (C) abdomens
- (D) oxen
- (E) Leptospirosis
- (F) cacti
- (G) burrs
- (H) tunicates
Answer. (H)
What step-by-step reasoning justifies that answer?

[Assistant] Reasoning: Adult tunicates are barrel-shaped. Tunicates differ strongly in appearance between the adult and larva. Tunicates differ strongly in appearance and are barrel shaped.


[User]
Line 1: *Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. Frogs, toads and salamanders are amphibians. Frogs, toads and salamanders have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What sort of circulatory system do frogs, toads, and salamanders share?
Options:
- (A) live birth
- (B) It helps them survive
- (C) matter vibrating
- (D) two-chambered heart
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) biological diversity
- (G) three-chambered heart
- (H) four-chambered heart*
Logic of a solution: *Mutations are essential for evolution to occur. Evolution Change through time. Mutations are essential for changes to occur.*
*(B)*
The original question: *What is needed for changes to occur?
Options:
- (A) exercise
- (B) mutations
- (C) growth
- (D) healthy animals
- (E) environment
- (F) evaporation
- (G) Exfoliation
- (H) births*
Line 1: *Shivering occurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once. Honey bees generate heat by consuming honey and shivering their muscles. Honey bees can shiver.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Who can shiver?
Options:
- (A) bats
- (B) Sidewalks
- (C) humans
- (D) Bees
- (E) koalas
- (F) Mountains
- (G) Trees
- (H) people*
Logic of a solution: *Chemical bonds form when substances react with one another. All substances are composed of molecules. Chemical bonds form when molecules react with one another.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What forms when molecules react with one another?
Options:
- (A) biochemistry
- (B) Chemical energy
- (C) Energy.
- (D) atoms
- (E) chemical bonds
- (F) elements
- (G) flow of electrons
- (H) Organic compounds*
Line 1: *Reproduction is the process by which living things give rise to offspring. Sex equals reproduction. Sex is the process by which living things give rise to offspring.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *What is the process by which living things give rise to offspring?
Options:
- (A) DNA
- (B) photosynthesis
- (C) bird
- (D) sex
- (E) subtraction
- (F) gametes
- (G) eggs
- (H) ovum*
Line 1: *Reproduction is the process by which living things give rise to offspring. Seed refers to offspring, children. Living things use reproduction to have children.*
*(F)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*How do living things have children?
Options:
- (A) death
- (B) people
- (C) humans
- (D) babies
- (E) it needs them
- (F) reproduction
- (G) mitosis
- (H) production*


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Amphibians have permeable skin that easily absorbs substances from the environment. All frogs are amphibians. Frogs have permeable skin that easily absorbs substances from the environment.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What feature allows frogs to absorb substances from the environment?
Options:
- (A) four limbs
- (B) poison dart frog
- (C) hydrate their cells
- (D) permeable skin
- (E) layers of fat
- (F) a cuticle
- (G) predators
- (H) double eyelid*
Line 1: *Macroevolution is evolution over geologic time above the level of the species. Speciation events are thus examples of macroevolution. Speciation events show evolution over geologic time above the level of the species.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *What shows evolution over geologic time above the level of the species?
Options:
- (A) speciation events
- (B) Leptospirosis
- (C) cliffs
- (D) rapid expansion
- (E) peachleaf willow
- (F) swamp vegetation
- (G) Darwin
- (H) RNA*
Logic of a solution: *Evolution occurs by a process called natural selection. Natural selection only selects functionally advantageous systems. In evolution only functionally advantageous systems are selected.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What is usually chosen in evolution?
Options:
- (A) common traits
- (B) Plant reproduction
- (C) advantageous systems
- (D) undesirable traits
- (E) Animal survival
- (F) competition
- (G) mysterious sytems
- (H) Earth revolving around the sun*
Line 1: *Characteristics that are encoded in DNA are called genetic traits. DNA is used to transmit characteristics from parents to offspring. DNA passes traits from parents to offspring.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What passes traits from parents to offspring?
Options:
- (A) Birth certificate
- (B) Lactation
- (C) p53
- (D) HIV
- (E) RNA
- (F) Pedigree
- (G) SNPs
- (H) DNA*
Logic of a solution: *Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry. Echinoderms are represented by the starfish. Adult starfish have radial symmetry.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Adults of what kind of animal have radial symmetry?
Options:
- (A) graptolites
- (B) starfish
- (C) a fish
- (D) fur seals
- (E) alpacas
- (F) insects
- (G) fertile
- (H) barnacles*
Logic of a solution: *Adult tunicates are barrel-shaped. Tunicates differ strongly in appearance between the adult and larva. Tunicates differ strongly in appearance and are barrel shaped.*
*(H)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What differ strongly in appearance and are barrel shaped?
Options:
- (A) bears
- (B) barnacles
- (C) abdomens
- (D) oxen
- (E) Leptospirosis
- (F) cacti
- (G) burrs
- (H) tunicates*


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Most salamanders use their sense of smell to find a mate. Olfaction is the sense of smell. Most salamanders use olfaction to find a mate.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What do most salamanders use to find a mate?
Options:
- (A) olfaction
- (B) sound
- (C) seduction
- (D) fur and fat
- (E) heat energy
- (F) air
- (G) environment
- (H) water*
Line 1: *Platypus females lay their eggs in a burrow. Burrows are constructed in soft soil. Platypus females lay their eggs in homes constructed in soft soil.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *Where do platypus females construct their homes for egg laying?
Options:
- (A) loose dirt
- (B) out in the open
- (C) loose soil
- (D) Summer
- (E) rocky areas
- (F) autumn
- (G) soft soil
- (H) compacted soil*
Logic of a solution: *Head hair is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body. Hair is actually composed of a protein called keratin. Keratin is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body.*
*(G)*
The original question: *What is important in preventing heat loss from the body?
Options:
- (A) hydration
- (B) a cuticle
- (C) stay warm
- (D) sweating
- (E) warmth
- (F) skin
- (G) keratin
- (H) Animal fur*
Line 1: *Sight is the ability to sense light, and the eye is the organ that senses light. Light is made of photons . The eye is an organ that can sense photons.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What does the organ of the eye sense?
Options:
- (A) Gluons
- (B) Photons
- (C) Neutrons
- (D) Energy
- (E) heat
- (F) distance
- (G) sunlight
- (H) Sound waves*
Logic of a solution: *Plants respond to daily and seasonal cycles and to disease. Temperature follows a seasonal cycle. Plants respond to temperature.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What do plants respond to?
Options:
- (A) Chemical energy
- (B) Vibrations
- (C) heat energy
- (D) Sulfur dioxide
- (E) Temperature
- (F) sun's heat
- (G) Clouds
- (H) Wood*
Logic of a solution: *Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Coral reefs are predominantly calcite. Calcite provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms.*
*(G)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms?
Options:
- (A) houses
- (B) umbrellas
- (C) limestone
- (D) ferns
- (E) sharks
- (F) barnacles
- (G) calcite
- (H) sheds*


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Mammals have a layer of fat under the skin to help insulate the body. All humans are mammals. Humans have a layer of fat under the skin to help insulate the body.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What has a layer of fat under the skin to help insulate the body?
Options:
- (A) goats
- (B) snakes
- (C) hamburgers
- (D) animals
- (E) humans
- (F) rabbit
- (G) bears
- (H) fur*
Line 1: *Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse to form a diploid zygote. Sperm and eggs are cells known as gametes. Fertilization occurs when gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *What occurs when gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote?
Options:
- (A) permineralization
- (B) rapid expansion
- (C) competition
- (D) fertilization
- (E) photosynthesis
- (F) chromosomes
- (G) mutation
- (H) Leptospirosis*
Logic of a solution: *Lipids may consist of fatty acids alone, or they may contain other molecules as well. Lipids Lipids are also composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen can be combined with fatty acids.*
*(G)*
The original question: *What can fatty acids be combined with, in addition to carbon and oxygen?
Options:
- (A) Sodium
- (B) Energy.
- (C) glucose
- (D) Carbon Dioxide
- (E) Fuel cells
- (F) Uranium
- (G) Hydrogen
- (H) Energy*
Line 1: *Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse to form a diploid zygote. Familiar types of gamete include the female ovum , or egg cell, and the male sperm cell. Fertilization occurs when the male and female gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *When gametes fuse, the resultant zygote is:
Options:
- (A) fertile
- (B) diploid
- (C) Flowers
- (D) grow
- (E) infected
- (F) It expands
- (G) pollen
- (H) seeds*
Logic of a solution: *Chromosomes contain genes, which code for proteins. Information on DNA is organized into genes. DNA codes for proteins.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Protein is made from:
Options:
- (A) Acids
- (B) DNA code
- (C) fur and fat
- (D) insects
- (E) animals
- (F) Energy.
- (G) Energy
- (H) food*
Logic of a solution: *All animals are heterotrophs. All consumers are also called Heterotrophs. All animals are consumers.*
*(A)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*All animals are what?
Options:
- (A) consumers
- (B) all matter
- (C) insects
- (D) aquatic
- (E) plants
- (F) furry
- (G) parasites
- (H) infected*


[User]
Ans: (C)
Question: What is something cells cannot survive without?
Options:
- (A) gas
- (B) Air
- (C) O2
- (D) CO2
- (E) Ca
- (F) O3
- (G) Fe
- (H) He
CoT: Cells cannot survive without oxygen. And oxygen, O2, is the molecule to do it. Cells cannot survive without O2.

Ans: (F)
Question: Fertilization of what would produce a diploid zygote?
Options:
- (A) fetus
- (B) seeds
- (C) H 2 O
- (D) bamboo
- (E) offspring
- (F) eggs
- (G) apples
- (H) sperm
CoT: Fertilization of gametes produces a diploid zygote. Female gametes are called eggs. Fertilization of eggs produces a diploid zygote.

Ans: (G)

[Assistant]
Question: What increases the stability of ecosystems?
Options:
- (A) overpopulation
- (B) water consumption
- (C) loose soil
- (D) Quality of life
- (E) agriculture
- (F) deforestation
- (G) ecotourism
- (H) trees
CoT: Biodiversity increases the productivity and stability of ecosystems. Ecotourism, on the other hand, can help to conserve biodiversity. Ecotourism increases the stability of ecosystems.


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Mammals breathe with the help of a diaphragm. Common dolphins are mammals. Dolphins breathe with the help of a diaphragm.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What does a diaphragm help a dolphin do?
Options:
- (A) swimming
- (B) rest
- (C) stay warm
- (D) smell
- (E) see
- (F) breathe
- (G) eat
- (H) survive*
Line 1: *Plants use cellulose for their cell walls. Another important polysaccharide is cellulose. Plants use a polysaccharide for their cell walls.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What do plants build their cell walls from?
Options:
- (A) By wind and rain
- (B) Deposition
- (C) Deposition.
- (D) algae
- (E) Chemical energy
- (F) plant wall
- (G) plant material
- (H) polysaccharides*
Logic of a solution: *Cells secrete acids and bases to maintain the proper pH for enzymes to work. Phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphates from other enzymes. Cells secrete acids and bases to keep the proper pH for phosphatases to work properly.*
*(H)*
The original question: *What is needed from cells for phosphatases to keep the proper ph?
Options:
- (A) plasma
- (B) secretion of bases only
- (C) secretion of proteins
- (D) metabolic reaction
- (E) it helps plants in growing
- (F) Positive charges
- (G) Transfers energy
- (H) secretion of acids and bases*
Line 1: *Some viruses live in a dormant state inside the body. After an episode of chickenpox, the virus becomes dormant in the body. Chicken pox can live in an inactive state.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What is an example of an entity that can live on in a completely inactive state?
Options:
- (A) an object
- (B) sloths
- (C) hibernating bears
- (D) Conifers
- (E) chickenpox
- (F) barnacles
- (G) a fish
- (H) mammals*
Logic of a solution: *Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry. All animals with radial symmetry live in water. All adult echinoderms live in water.*
*(E)*
The original question: *Where do all adult echinoderms live?
Options:
- (A) soil
- (B) desert
- (C) freshwater
- (D) fossils
- (E) water
- (F) Earth
- (G) small
- (H) aquariums*
Logic of a solution: *Annelids are worms such as the familiar earthworm. Annelids have bodies that are segmented. The familiar earthworm has a segmented body.*
*(B)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*Earthworm bodies are:
Options:
- (A) fertile
- (B) segmented
- (C) migrate
- (D) allow growth
- (E) revolving
- (F) more abundant
- (G) Loose
- (H) Absorb light*


[User]
Ques and Ans: What are a major food source to organisms including humans?
Options:
- (A) leeches
- (B) earthworms
- (C) snails
- (D) plants
- (E) tapeworms
- (F) trees
- (G) potatoes
- (H) bushes
(C)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Mollusks are a major food source for other organisms, including humans. Mollusks in the diorama include snails and clams. Snails are a major food source for other organisms, including humans.]]

Ques and Ans: What uses semiochemicals in urine to mark territory?
Options:
- (A) koalas
- (B) bacteria
- (C) humans
- (D) dogs
- (E) bears
- (F) cats
- (G) the Sun
- (H) rabbit
(D)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Male dogs use pheromones in urine to mark their territory. Pheromones are a sub-category of semiochemicals. Male dogs use semiochemicals in urine to mark their territory.]]

Ques and Ans: What is used as energy by most of the organisms on earth
Options:
- (A) sugar
- (B) heat
- (C) food
- (D) water
- (E) Light
- (F) Energy
- (G) salt
- (H) carbon
(A)
Explanation for the Ans above:

[Assistant] [[Glucose is used for energy by the cells of most organisms. Blood Sugar Glucose is sugar. Sugar is used for energy by the cells of most organisms.]]


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Gene flow occurs when individuals move into or out of a population. Internal migration describes moves within a country. Gene flow occurs when individuals migrate.*
*(G)*
The original question: *Migration increases what?
Options:
- (A) root growth
- (B) speed
- (C) distance
- (D) voltage
- (E) energy usage
- (F) Plants growth
- (G) gene flow
- (H) layers of fat*
Line 1: *Constriction occurs when the muscular walls of blood vessels contract. Arteries and veins are blood vessels. Constriction happens when the muscular walls of arteries and veins contract.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What happens when muscular walls of arteries and veins contract?
Options:
- (A) connection
- (B) It expands
- (C) Dehydration
- (D) construction
- (E) forces
- (F) massive damage
- (G) constriction
- (H) contraction*
Logic of a solution: *Male dogs use pheromones in urine to mark their territory. Pheromones are a sub-category of semiochemicals. Male dogs use semiochemicals in urine to mark their territory.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What uses semiochemicals in urine to mark territory?
Options:
- (A) koalas
- (B) bacteria
- (C) humans
- (D) dogs
- (E) bears
- (F) cats
- (G) the Sun
- (H) rabbit*
Line 1: *Mollusks are a major food source for other organisms, including humans. Interestingly, a squid is also a mollusk. Humans eat squid.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What do humans eat?
Options:
- (A) Kelp
- (B) sugar
- (C) legumes
- (D) food
- (E) Eyes
- (F) Coral
- (G) animals
- (H) Squid*
Logic of a solution: *Plants have specialized reproductive organs. Holy basil and bush basil are related plants. Bush basil has specialized reproductive organs.*
*(H)*
The original question: *What does bush basil have?
Options:
- (A) The flowers are pollinated
- (B) photosynthesis.
- (C) characteristics
- (D) A compound that donates proton
- (E) Something that comes in a bundle of fibers
- (F) sub-units of species
- (G) the body's largest organ
- (H) specialized reproductive organ*
Logic of a solution: *Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. Atoms are tiny particles that are too small to see. Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very tiny.*
*(F)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What size are cells?
Options:
- (A) either huge or tiny
- (B) non existent
- (C) dense
- (D) large
- (E) white
- (F) tiny
- (G) dead
- (H) albino*


[User]
Line 1: *Ribosomes are small organelles where proteins are made. Bacteria contain no organelles. Bacteria do not have ribosomes for protein production.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What do bacteria not have, for protein production?
Options:
- (A) Acids
- (B) alleles
- (C) ribosomes
- (D) layers of fat
- (E) light energy
- (F) heat energy
- (G) Energy
- (H) Energy.*
Logic of a solution: *Aging is associated with the death of cells. Apoptosis means cell death. Apoptosis is a natural part of aging.*
*(B)*
The original question: *What is a natural part of aging?
Options:
- (A) Smoking
- (B) apoptosis
- (C) regeneration
- (D) illness
- (E) stimulation
- (F) cracking
- (G) Weight
- (H) firm skin*
Line 1: *Plants are multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls made of cellulose. For example, the walls of plant cells are made in large part of starch and cellulose . Plants are multicellular eukaryotes with starch and cellulose walls.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *Plants are multicellular eukaryotes with what walls?
Options:
- (A) A solid geometric shape
- (B) preventing heat transfer
- (C) bone and skin
- (D) starch and bone
- (E) food and shelter
- (F) starch and protein
- (G) homogenous
- (H) starch and cellulose*
Logic of a solution: *Bone provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. Vertebrae, ribs, appendages, and the jaw are endoskeletal bone. Ribs provide protection for internal organs.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What provides protection for internal organs?
Options:
- (A) fur
- (B) cuticle
- (C) ribs
- (D) skin
- (E) plasma
- (F) brain
- (G) coats
- (H) fat*
Line 1: *Testosterone stimulates the reproductive organs to develop into male organs. Male mammals have a tube-like organ called the 'penis'. Testosterone causes the penis to develop.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What causes the penis to develop?
Options:
- (A) Creatine
- (B) Energy
- (C) Estrogen
- (D) Testicles
- (E) matter vibrating
- (F) Testosterone
- (G) movement
- (H) It expands*
Line 1: *Some viruses live in a dormant state inside the body. Viruses Viruses are agents that infect cells, yet lack many of the characteristics of life. Some agents that infect cells live in a dormant state inside the body.*
*(F)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*Some agents that infect cells live in what state inside the body?
Options:
- (A) solid
- (B) conscious
- (C) expelled
- (D) bacteria
- (E) infected
- (F) dormant
- (G) cellular
- (H) protected*


[User]
Line 1: *Some viruses have an envelope of phospholipids and proteins. Phospholipases are the enzymes that degrade phospholipids . Some viruses have an envelope of enzymes and proteins.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What might have an envelope of proteins and enzymes?
Options:
- (A) fur seals
- (B) some viruses
- (C) Most plants
- (D) a fish
- (E) animal transport
- (F) animals
- (G) chickens
- (H) it needs them*
Logic of a solution: *Fertilization of gametes produces a diploid zygote. Sexual reproduction requires formation of gametes, followed by fertilization. Sexual reproduction produces a diploid zygote.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What produces a diploid zygote?
Options:
- (A) salamanders
- (B) Plant reproduction
- (C) peachleaf willow
- (D) permineralization
- (E) sexual reproduction
- (F) Veins and arteries.
- (G) Chlorophyll
- (H) Most plants*
Line 1: *Playing is just one of many ways that mammals and other animals learn how to behave. Mammals include lions, bears, dogs, horses, cattle and antelopes. Playing is one way that lions learn how to behave.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What learns to behave through playing?
Options:
- (A) otters
- (B) bacteria
- (C) viruses
- (D) rocks
- (E) lions
- (F) animals
- (G) humans
- (H) Birds*
Logic of a solution: *Running water is better able to dissolve oxygen and nutrients than standing water. Large, warm rivers hold populations but few occur in cold running water. Rivers can better dissolve oxygen and nutrients than lakes.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What can better dissolve nutrients and oxygen?
Options:
- (A) lakes
- (B) SO2
- (C) Raft
- (D) a solute
- (E) puddles
- (F) rivers
- (G) currents
- (H) lochs*
Line 1: *Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb sugar from the blood. Blood Sugar Glucose is sugar. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose from the blood.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *Insulin is a hormone that helps absorb what from the blood?
Options:
- (A) hormones
- (B) blood cells
- (C) glucose
- (D) Energy
- (E) water
- (F) Energy.
- (G) Joules
- (H) hydration*
Line 1: *Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Annelids include earthworms and leeches. Leeches have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off.*
*(A)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*What can regrow sections that they have lost?
Options:
- (A) leeches
- (B) alveoli
- (C) crocodiles
- (D) vegetation
- (E) a fish
- (F) bacteria
- (G) barnacles
- (H) sharks*


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Energy is passed up a food chain or web from lower to higher trophic levels. Energy and carbon in organic compounds passed through food chain to herbivores and carnivores. Carbon in organic compounds are passed through the food web from herbivores to carnivores.*
*(E)*
The original question: *Carbon in organic compounds are passed through the food web from what?
Options:
- (A) it helps plants in growing
- (B) Burning fuel and air
- (C) members of their own species
- (D) people to dogs
- (E) herbivores to carnivores
- (F) carnivores to plants
- (G) passenger pigeons
- (H) predators to prey*
Line 1: *Most fungi get organic compounds from dead organisms. Bacteria, fungi and plants can be used to break down organic compounds or extract metals. Organic compounds are broken down by plants.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What is one thing organic compounds can be broken down by?
Options:
- (A) glucose
- (B) chemicals
- (C) trees
- (D) Cooking
- (E) oxygen
- (F) plants
- (G) Acids
- (H) bacteria*
Logic of a solution: *Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. All cells are microscopic in size. Cells can vary in shape, but they are all microscopic.*
*(D)*
The original question: *Cells pretty much al share this one characteristic:
Options:
- (A) sensory neurons
- (B) voltage
- (C) aerobic capacity
- (D) microscopic
- (E) eukaryotic
- (F) bacteria
- (G) prokaryotic
- (H) layers of fat*
Line 1: *Cells are the basic units of the structure and function of living things. An organism is a living thing or something that was once alive. Cells are the basic units of the structure and function of organisms.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What do cells make up of organisms?
Options:
- (A) structure only
- (B) function only
- (C) structure and function
- (D) members of their own species
- (E) Something that is self-aware
- (F) share properties
- (G) desires and needs
- (H) Most plants*
Logic of a solution: *Mammals conserve body heat with their hair or fur. Dogs, of course, are mammals. Dogs conserve body heat with their fur.*
*(G)*
The original question: *How do dogs conserve body heat?
Options:
- (A) their blood cells
- (B) fur and fat
- (C) their nails
- (D) layers of fat
- (E) Exfoliation
- (F) sweating
- (G) their fur
- (H) their hair*
Logic of a solution: *Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Earthworms are annelids meaning segmented. Earthworms can regrow broken off segments of their bodies.*
*(D)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What regrows broken off segments of itself?
Options:
- (A) barnacles
- (B) teeth
- (C) roots
- (D) earthworm
- (E) Leptospirosis
- (F) spiders
- (G) cells
- (H) root growth*


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Amphibians have sense organs to smell and taste chemicals. Lizards use their tongues as sense organs. Lizards are able to use their tongues to taste.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What are lizards able to use their tongues to do?
Options:
- (A) taste
- (B) arrange their nest
- (C) noise
- (D) measure prey length
- (E) smell the color of organs
- (F) snort
- (G) breathe
- (H) vibrate*

Logic of a solution: *Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry. Echinoderms are represented by the starfish. Adult starfish have radial symmetry.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Adults of what kind of animal have radial symmetry?
Options:
- (A) graptolites
- (B) starfish
- (C) a fish
- (D) fur seals
- (E) alpacas
- (F) insects
- (G) fertile
- (H) barnacles*

Logic of a solution: *Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. Basic unit of the plant body is the cell. Basic units of the plant body vary in size as well as shape, but all are very small.*
*(H)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What may vary in size as well as shape, but all are very small?
Options:
- (A) keeping food fresh for long periods of time
- (B) disease-causing microorganisms
- (C) A solid geometric shape
- (D) Unequal radiation absorption
- (E) Small countries.
- (F) Shapewear.
- (G) A water well.
- (H) Basic units of the plant body.*


[User]
Line 1: *Antibodies are large, Y-shaped proteins that recognize and bind to antigens. ALL immunogens are antigens. Antibodies are large, Y-shaped proteins that recognize and bind to immunogens.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *Antibodies are large, y-shaped proteins that recognize and bind to:
Options:
- (A) humans
- (B) A Greek letter
- (C) bones
- (D) the skin
- (E) animals
- (F) inorganic items
- (G) immunogens
- (H) water*
--
Line 1: *Aggression is behavior that is intended to cause harm or pain. Curses are spells that are often intended to cause harm to another person. Curses are a form of aggression.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *What is a curse?
Options:
- (A) a form of aggression
- (B) Something coming from a gland
- (C) after too much water received
- (D) forest is destroyed
- (E) friendly behavior
- (F) a form of love
- (G) nonaggressive
- (H) death and devastation*
--
Line 1: *Petals attract pollinators to the flower. Pollination is by flies, wasps, and bees. Petals attract flies, wasps, and bees to the flower.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *In order to attract flies, wasps, and bees, what does a flower employ?
Options:
- (A) petals
- (B) colors
- (C) insects
- (D) camouflage
- (E) Energy
- (F) scentless
- (G) lack of color
- (H) pollen*
--
Line 1: *Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Coral reefs are formed from coral skeletons. Something formed from skeletons provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms.*
*(B)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*What provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms?
Options:
- (A) It helps them survive
- (B) Something formed from skeleton
- (C) sedimentary rocks
- (D) important habitats
- (E) Something with a head, thorax, and abdomen
- (F) it protects them
- (G) gastropod shells
- (H) in their habitats*
--


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Annelids are worms such as the familiar earthworm. Annelids include earthworms and leeches. Leeches are related to worms.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What is under the same family as worms?
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) parasites
- (C) bacteria
- (D) eels
- (E) ant
- (F) leeches
- (G) snakes
- (H) infected*
Line 1: *Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Reef-building corals are hermatypic. Hermatypic organisms provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *Hermatypic organisms provide what to many ocean organisms?
Options:
- (A) survival
- (B) food and shelter
- (C) competition
- (D) kinetic energy
- (E) produce light
- (F) important habitats
- (G) protect them
- (H) major threat to health*
Logic of a solution: *Vesicle transport requires energy, so it is also a form of active transport. Proteins leave the ER in transport vesicles 5. Proteins leave the ER via active transport.*
*(F)*
The original question: *How do proteins leave the er?
Options:
- (A) aqueous solution
- (B) it's state
- (C) Veins and arteries.
- (D) Move to another area
- (E) allow growth
- (F) active transport
- (G) It expands
- (H) movement*
Line 1: *Most protists have motility. Protists Protists are single-celled organisms. Most single-celled organisms are motile.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *What is one thing most single-celled organisms have in common?
Options:
- (A) Energy
- (B) glucose
- (C) bacteria
- (D) motility
- (E) Energy.
- (F) heat energy
- (G) resistance
- (H) warmth*
Logic of a solution: *Flowers produce spores that develop into gametophytes. All gametophytes are haploid. Flowers produce spores that develop into haploid entities.*
*(G)*
The original question: *Flower spores eventually develop into an entity that is:
Options:
- (A) sperm
- (B) fertile
- (C) mammalian
- (D) ferns
- (E) fungi
- (F) development
- (G) haploid
- (H) plants*
Logic of a solution: *Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous system. Echinoderms are represented by the starfish. Starfish lack a centralized nervous system.*
*(A)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What lacks a centralized nervous system?
Options:
- (A) starfish
- (B) barnacles
- (C) blowfish
- (D) our planet
- (E) humans
- (F) Pesticides
- (G) insects
- (H) sharks*


[User] Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous system. Echinoderms are represented by the starfish. Starfish lack a centralized nervous system.is the reasoning for what question and answer pair?

[Assistant]
Q: What lacks a centralized nervous system?
Options:
- (A) starfish
- (B) barnacles
- (C) blowfish
- (D) our planet
- (E) humans
- (F) Pesticides
- (G) insects
- (H) sharks
A: (A)


[User]
Chain-of-thought: Adult sponges produce eggs and sperm. Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals. The most primitive multi-cellular animals produce eggs and sperm.
Q: The most primitive multi-cellular animals produce what?
Options:
- (A) Electrical energy
- (B) eggs and sperm
- (C) harmful substances
- (D) scarce resources
- (E) Organic compounds
- (F) Chemical energy
- (G) fur and fat
- (H) aerobic capacity
A: (B)
--
Chain-of-thought: Chemical bonds form when substances react with one another. All substances are composed of molecules. Chemical bonds form when molecules react with one another.
Q: What forms when molecules react with one another?
Options:
- (A) biochemistry
- (B) Chemical energy
- (C) Energy.
- (D) atoms
- (E) chemical bonds
- (F) elements
- (G) flow of electrons
- (H) Organic compounds
A: (E)
--
Chain-of-thought: All animals are heterotrophs. All consumers are also called Heterotrophs. All animals are consumers.

[Assistant]
Q: All animals are what?
Options:
- (A) consumers
- (B) all matter
- (C) insects
- (D) aquatic
- (E) plants
- (F) furry
- (G) parasites
- (H) infected
A: (A)
--


[User]
Given the following reasoning and answer, what was the question? Roundworms make up the phylum Nematoda. Within the Nematoda, a range of reproductive systems occur. A range of reproductive systems occur in roundworms.
 The answer: (D)

[Assistant]
The question What has a range of sexual reproductive systems?
Options:
- (A) Computer systems.
- (B) Most plants
- (C) animals
- (D) Roundworms.
- (E) mammals
- (F) Art reproductions.
- (G) insects
- (H) Stuffed toy bears.


[User]
Line 1: *Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Earthworms Earthworms are in the phylum Annelids. Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *_ have the amazing capacity to regrow segments.
Options:
- (A) ferns
- (B) arachnids
- (C) roots
- (D) earthworms
- (E) anthropods
- (F) crustacean
- (G) loose soil
- (H) root growth*
Logic of a solution: *Electron transport is the final stage of aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration occurs only in the presence of oxygen. Electron transport occurs only in the presence of oxygen.*
*(D)*
The original question: *Electron transport requires which of the following?
Options:
- (A) electron microscope
- (B) sodium
- (C) Energy.
- (D) Oxygen
- (E) fission
- (F) warmth
- (G) flagellum
- (H) Energy*
Line 1: *Carbon may be stored in sedimentary rock for millions of years. Limestone is a type of sedimentary rock. Carbon might be stored in limestone.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What might be stored in limestone?
Options:
- (A) carbonated water
- (B) chemicals
- (C) cigars
- (D) candles
- (E) Energy.
- (F) carbon
- (G) Energy
- (H) fossils*
Logic of a solution: *HIV infects and destroys helper T cells. Helper T cells are the critical link in our immune system. HIV damages our immune system.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What does hiv damage?
Options:
- (A) Leptospirosis
- (B) immunities
- (C) Our immune system
- (D) immunizations
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) respiratory system
- (G) Plant reproduction
- (H) the body's largest organ*
Line 1: *Arteries generally carry oxygen-rich blood. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Something that brings blood away from the heart carries oxygen-rich blood.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What direction does something that has oxygen-rich blood go?
Options:
- (A) mouth of rivers
- (B) the body's largest organ
- (C) move to different locations
- (D) Earth orbiting the Sun
- (E) Move to another area
- (F) to move people
- (G) animal transport
- (H) Away from the heart*
Line 1: *Roundworms make up the phylum Nematoda. Within the Nematoda, a range of reproductive systems occur. A range of reproductive systems occur in roundworms.*
*(D)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*What has a range of sexual reproductive systems?
Options:
- (A) Computer systems.
- (B) Most plants
- (C) animals
- (D) Roundworms.
- (E) mammals
- (F) Art reproductions.
- (G) insects
- (H) Stuffed toy bears.*


[User] Creatively image a question and justification for this answer: (C)

[Assistant]
The question is: Why do male gametes swim from male to female reproductive organs?
Options:
- (A) temperature changes
- (B) to leave the egg
- (C) fertilization
- (D) competition
- (E) it needs them
- (F) to feed
- (G) permineralization
- (H) to heal themselves
Step-by-step reasoning process: Sperm had to swim from male to female reproductive organs for fertilization. Male gametes are called sperm. Male gametes had to swim from male to female reproductive organs for fertilization.


[User]
Explain simply why (C) is the correct answer to: What happens in the archegonium?
Options:
- (A) eggs separate
- (B) Earth orbiting the Sun
- (C) sperm and egg fuse
- (D) competition
- (E) fallopian tubes join
- (F) permineralization
- (G) It expands
- (H) cloning. Explanation:

[Assistant] Fertilization occurs when sperm swim to an egg inside an archegonium. Fertilization occurs when the egg and sperm fuse and join. An egg and sperm can fuse when sperm swim to an egg inside an archegonium.


[User]
Ans: (B)
Question: What are a major food source for other organisms, including humans?
Options:
- (A) Earthworms
- (B) Soft-bodied invertebrates
- (C) Fully cooking the oysters
- (D) absorb light energy
- (E) remains of prehistoric life
- (F) members of their own species
- (G) Humans
- (H) Lawns
CoT: Mollusks are a major food source for other organisms, including humans. Mollusks are soft-bodied invertebrates. Soft-bodied invertebrates are a major food source for other organisms, including humans.

Ans: (B)
Question: Neurons are the structural and functional units of where what is critical?
Options:
- (A) organs
- (B) Glial cells
- (C) nerves
- (D) Structural units
- (E) voltage
- (F) Storage units
- (G) Critical care
- (H) A computer
CoT: Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system. Glial cells perform critical functions in the nervous system. Neurons are the structural and functional units of where the glial cells perform critical functions.

Ans: (H)
Question: Some invertebrates may have which feature?
Options:
- (A) invertebrate
- (B) fat
- (C) gills
- (D) exception
- (E) three
- (F) mollusk
- (G) complex
- (H) shell
CoT: Most mollusks have shells. Mollusks are invertebrates and are no exception. Some invertebrates have shells.

Ans: (E)

[Assistant]
Question: What can stay hidden in a hibernating state inside the body?
Options:
- (A) infections
- (B) blood cells
- (C) fungi
- (D) insects
- (E) viruses
- (F) honeybees
- (G) plasma
- (H) barnacles
CoT: Some viruses live in a dormant state inside the body. When ferns are dormant it is as if they are hibernating. Some viruses live in a hibernating state inside the body.


[User]
Ques and Ans: Organisms in a marine biome must be be adapted to what in the water?
Options:
- (A) mud
- (B) Nutrients
- (C) sodium
- (D) toxins
- (E) motion
- (F) sugar
- (G) energy
- (H) an anion
(C)
Logic for the answer: Organisms that live in marine biomes must be adapted to the salt in the water. Another name for salt is sodium. Organisms that live in marine biomes must be adapted to the sodium in the water.

Ques and Ans: What increases the productivity and stability of ecosystems?
Options:
- (A) Fully cooking the oysters
- (B) genetic uniformity
- (C) genetic diversity
- (D) extinction
- (E) agriculture
- (F) disease
- (G) Earth orbiting the Sun
- (H) recycling
(C)
Logic for the answer: Biodiversity increases the productivity and stability of ecosystems. Biodiversity is basically genetic diversity. Genetic diversity increases the productivity and stability of ecosystems.

Ques and Ans: Male dogs use_ in urine to mark their territory.
Options:
- (A) ammonia
- (B) Chemical energy
- (C) proteins
- (D) semiochemicals
- (E) animals
- (F) heat produced
- (G) nitric oxide
- (H) They have thick fur
(D)
Logic for the answer: Male dogs use pheromones in urine to mark their territory. Pheromones are a sub-category of semiochemicals. Male dogs use semiochemicals in urine to mark their territory.

Ques and Ans: _ have the amazing capacity to regrow segments.
Options:
- (A) ferns
- (B) arachnids
- (C) roots
- (D) earthworms
- (E) anthropods
- (F) crustacean
- (G) loose soil
- (H) root growth
(D)
Logic for the answer:

[Assistant] Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Earthworms Earthworms are in the phylum Annelids. Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off.


[User]
Ques and Ans: Mammals can also generate little bursts of heat through what?
Options:
- (A) Movement of an air mass
- (B) crackling
- (C) Veins and arteries.
- (D) electromagnetic energy
- (E) house
- (F) fire
- (G) muscle contractions
- (H) aerobic capacity
(G)
Logic chain: Mammals can also generate little bursts of heat by shivering. Shivering causes muscle contractions to warm the body. Mammals can also generate little bursts of heat through muscle contractions.

Ques and Ans: What is it called when an animal divides into two parts?
Options:
- (A) limb amputation
- (B) The bending of a ray of light
- (C) Veins and arteries.
- (D) epidermis and dermis
- (E) the body's largest organ
- (F) Leptospirosis
- (G) refraction of light
- (H) asexual reproduction
(H)
Logic chain: Fission takes place when an animal divides into two parts. Asexual reproduction is by fragmentation, budding, or fission. Asexual reproduction is when an animal divides into two parts.

Ques and Ans: Which chemical controls sexual development and reproduction in females?
Options:
- (A) acetic acid
- (B) Hemoglobin
- (C) Fructose
- (D) barnacles
- (E) animals
- (F) Estrogen
- (G) Pesticides
- (H) Baby spray
(F)
Logic chain: Sex hormones are chemical messengers that control sexual development and reproduction. Estrogens are female sex hormones. Estrogen controls sexual development and reproduction in females.

Ques and Ans: The first tetrapods were
Options:
- (A) major threat to health
- (B) remains of prehistoric life
- (C) in the frog family
- (D) running and lifting
- (E) competing for resources
- (F) warm-blooded
- (G) objects that have mass
- (H) graptolites
(C)
Logic chain:

[Assistant] Amphibians are the first true tetrapods, or vertebrates with four limbs. All frogs are amphibians. Animals in the frog family are the first true tetrapods.


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Hydrogen bonds cause water to expand when it freezes. Hydrogen bonds Hydrogen bonds are primarily electrostatic in origin. Something that is primarily electrostatic in origin causes water to expand when it freezes.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Something that is primarily electrostatic in origin causes water to expand when it what?
Options:
- (A) heat
- (B) freezes
- (C) a hazard
- (D) boiling
- (E) moves
- (F) reacts
- (G) expelled
- (H) it's state*

Logic of a solution: *Producers use energy and inorganic molecules to make food. Decomposition is the breakdown of organic molecules into inorganic molecules. Decomposition provides resources for producers to create food.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What process helps provide resources for producers to create food?
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) Exfoliation
- (C) decomposition
- (D) mastication
- (E) recycling
- (F) reproduction
- (G) ejaculation
- (H) Converting waste.*

Logic of a solution: *All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Chemical equations describe chemical reactions. Chemical equations describe something that requires activation energy to get started.*
*(G)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What describes something that requires activation energy to get started?
Options:
- (A) igniting fuel and oxidiser
- (B) heating liquids
- (C) Fully cooking the oysters
- (D) Riding a bike
- (E) an engine
- (F) burning coal
- (G) chemical equations
- (H) Firecrackers*


[User]
Logic for the Q&A below: Streams may start with runoff or water seeping out of a spring. Lakes and streams are sources of drinking water. Water seeping out of a spring is a source of drinking water.
Q: What is a source of drinking water?
Options:
- (A) ice expanding in rock openings
- (B) helping to prevent floods
- (C) industrial runoff
- (D) it helps plants in growing
- (E) Water seeping out of a spring
- (F) salt water
- (G) polluted water
- (H) Something with a head, thorax, and abdomen
A: (E)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Carbon cycles quickly between organisms and the atmosphere. Deforestation also disrupts the Carbon Cycle. Deforestation disrupts the cycle between organisms and the atmosphere.
Q: What disrupts the cycle between organisms and the atmosphere?
Options:
- (A) burning coal
- (B) Sulfur dioxide
- (C) replanting forests
- (D) solar system
- (E) Greenhouse gasses
- (F) chlorofluorocarbons
- (G) life cycle
- (H) deforestation
A: (H)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Urine is the liquid waste product of the body that is excreted by the urinary system. Acid urine is usually darker thatn alkaline urine. Liquid waste can be acidic.
Q: What can liquid waste be?
Options:
- (A) gas
- (B) Gaseous
- (C) Solid
- (D) Acidic
- (E) acid rain
- (F) expelled
- (G) Static
- (H) dangerous
A: (D)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Mating is generally preceded by courtship. Friendship usually precedes courtship, and courtship, marriage. Friendship often comes before mating.

[Assistant]
Q: What often precedes mating?
Options:
- (A) A Greek letter
- (B) competition
- (C) friendship
- (D) birth of a child
- (E) death
- (F) Chemical energy
- (G) pregnancy
- (H) sweating
A: (C)
--


[User]
Line 1: *Cancer cells divide more often than normal cells, and grow out of control. Cancer is an example of a mutation in cells. Mutation can cause growth out of control.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What can mutations cause?
Options:
- (A) death and devastation
- (B) blood
- (C) massive damage
- (D) Leptospirosis
- (E) biological diversity
- (F) horses
- (G) ice
- (H) out of control growth*
--
Line 1: *HIV infects and destroys helper T cells. Scientists agree that HIV causes Aids. AIDS infects and destroys helper T cells.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What infects and destroys helper t cells?
Options:
- (A) swea
- (B) Wasps
- (C) AIDS
- (D) CO 2
- (E) PDAs
- (F) humans
- (G) heat
- (H) anemia*
--
Line 1: *Some mollusks are nearly microscopic. Interestingly, a squid is also a mollusk. Some squids are nearly microscopic.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *What sea creature can sometimes be microscopic?
Options:
- (A) squids
- (B) a fish
- (C) fungi
- (D) tortoises
- (E) fossils
- (F) barnacles
- (G) bacteria
- (H) alpacas*
--
Line 1: *Cells are programmed to divide only a set number of times. Apoptosis is programed cell death. Division can only happen a certain number of times before apoptosis kicks in.*
*(F)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*What kicks in after a certain number of divisions?
Options:
- (A) Energy.
- (B) antibiotics
- (C) Energy
- (D) separation
- (E) nerves
- (F) apoptosis
- (G) soccer leagues
- (H) Plants growth*
--


[User]
Line 1: *Fertilization occurs when sperm swim to an egg inside an archegonium. Pregnancy begins with a fertilized egg. Pregnancy begins after sperm swim to an egg inside an archegonium.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *Sperm swim to an egg inside a what?
Options:
- (A) gastropod shells
- (B) aqueous solution
- (C) archetype
- (D) archive
- (E) ocean water
- (F) pollen
- (G) archegonium
- (H) sperm*
Logic of a solution: *Oxygen is just one substance transported by the blood. Breathing and circulation allow oxygen to be transported to the body's cells. Breathing provides one substance transported by the blood.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What process provides one substance transported by the blood?
Options:
- (A) breathing
- (B) heat produced
- (C) drink
- (D) complex
- (E) osmosis
- (F) sweating
- (G) cell division
- (H) condensation*
Line 1: *Introns are regions that do not code for proteins. An area is a rectangular region of cells. Introns are areas that do not code for proteins.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Introns are areas that
Options:
- (A) it keeps an organism warm
- (B) Plant reproduction
- (C) the wearing away of rock
- (D) do not code for protein
- (E) Something coming from a gland
- (F) Plant growth is reduced
- (G) allow growth
- (H) produce offspring*
Logic of a solution: *Vertebrate chordates have a backbone. Invertebrates are animals who lack a backbone or spinal column. Vertebrate chordates have a spinal column.*
*(A)*
The original question: *Vertebrate chordates have what part of the skeletal system?
Options:
- (A) spinal column
- (B) hard bones
- (C) aerobic capacity
- (D) cartilage bones
- (E) critical organs
- (F) joints
- (G) fur and fat
- (H) graptolites*
Line 1: *Organisms cluster around hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor. Hydrothermal vents are powered by the heat of submarine volcanoes. Organisms cluster around the heat of submarine volcanoes.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What clusters around the heat of submarine volcanoes?
Options:
- (A) ferns
- (B) organisms
- (C) vegetation
- (D) humans
- (E) emissions
- (F) Energy
- (G) insects
- (H) the sun*
Line 1: *Rivers are usually larger than streams. And the fourth river is the Great River, the river Euphrates. The Euphrates is larger than a stream.*
*(G)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*What is the euphrates larger than?
Options:
- (A) ocean
- (B) planet
- (C) trees
- (D) sea
- (E) Inches
- (F) Sediment
- (G) stream
- (H) Length*


[User]
Ans: (C)
Question: Organisms use what to store energy?
Options:
- (A) food
- (B) skin
- (C) fat
- (D) RNA
- (E) batteries
- (F) CO 2
- (G) bone
- (H) O2
CoT: Organisms use lipids to store energy. Another name for fat is lipid . Organisms use fat to store energy.

Ans: (A)
Question: What will be the result of female sperm fusing with an egg to form a diploid zygote?
Options:
- (A) baby girl
- (B) pollen
- (C) seeds
- (D) allow growth
- (E) Leptospirosis
- (F) litter
- (G) Plants growth
- (H) offspring
CoT: Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse to form a diploid zygote. If a female sperm fertilizes the egg, the result is a baby girl. A baby girl will be the result of female sperm fusing with an egg to form a diploid zygote.

Ans: (A)

[Assistant]
Question: What stimulates the pituitary gland in order to maintain structural integrity of the thyroid?
Options:
- (A) TRH
- (B) Urea
- (C) CO 2
- (D) PDAs
- (E) HPV
- (F) SO2
- (G) mL
- (H) p53
CoT: TRH stimulates the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH. Another function of TSH is to maintain the structural integrity of the thyroid gland. TRH stimulates the pituitary gland to maintain structural integrity of the thyroid.


[User]
Line 1: *Adult sponges are sessile. Sessile Attached permanently, immobile. Adult sponges are immobile.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *Which is immobile?
Options:
- (A) adult starfish
- (B) all matter
- (C) adult goldfish
- (D) gastropod shells
- (E) tadpoles
- (F) adult sponges
- (G) an object
- (H) an organism's body*
Logic of a solution: *Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse. Sperm and eggs are cells known as gametes. Fertilization occurs when gametes fuse.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Fertilization occurs when _ fuse.
Options:
- (A) fertile
- (B) sperm ducts
- (C) heat
- (D) eggs
- (E) seeds
- (F) gametes
- (G) pollen
- (H) ovaries*
Line 1: *Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. Ketones are exhaled and excreted in urine. Urination is a process of removing wastes and excess water from the body.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What is a process of removing wastes and excess water from the body?
Options:
- (A) hydration
- (B) urination
- (C) incontinence
- (D) trash can
- (E) vaporization
- (F) Cooking
- (G) body waste
- (H) Exfoliation*
Logic of a solution: *Vertebrate chordates have a backbone. Because reptiles are vertebrates, they are chordates. Reptiles have backbones.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What do reptiles have?
Options:
- (A) wild rides
- (B) nerves
- (C) toadies
- (D) Bodily water
- (E) backbones
- (F) four limbs
- (G) Leptospirosis
- (H) pipe*
Line 1: *Touch is the ability to sense pressure. Therapeutic touch can activate the clients inherent healing ability. The ability to sense pressure on the body can help clients to heal.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What can help clients to heal?
Options:
- (A) high pitched tones
- (B) pressure on the body
- (C) Veins and arteries.
- (D) looseness of dirt or compost
- (E) reusing materials
- (F) recovery time from fatigue
- (G) smelling pungent smells
- (H) staring at bright objects*
Line 1: *Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Coral reefs occur mainly as numerous patch reefs. Patch reef provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms.*
*(H)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*Where is the name of a habitat where a variety of ocean organisms often seek food and shelter?
Options:
- (A) gastropod shells
- (B) body water
- (C) seaweed
- (D) more abundant
- (E) whale
- (F) coastlines
- (G) algae
- (H) patch reefs*


[User]
Logic for the Q&A below: Animals may compete for territory, water, food, or mates. Animals such as lions and tigers fight. Tigers may compete for territory, water, food, or mates.
Q: Why do tigers compete?
Options:
- (A) to get along with others
- (B) pressure differences.
- (C) to give territory to others
- (D) They can distract drivers
- (E) mate with females
- (F) a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
- (G) to listen to the alpha male
- (H) to gain territory and mates
A: (H)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Adult sponges produce eggs and sperm. Adults are sexually mature. Mature sponges produce eggs and sperm.
Q: Mature sponges produce what?
Options:
- (A) eggs and sperm
- (B) live young
- (C) just sperm
- (D) Organic compounds
- (E) Chemical energy
- (F) just eggs
- (G) heat energy
- (H) gastropod shells
A: (A)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Hair is a fiber that is found only in mammals. All mammals have fur or hair. Fur is a fiber that is found only in mammals.
Q: Fur is a fiber that is found only on what kind of animal?
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) reptiles
- (C) bird
- (D) humans
- (E) mammals
- (F) insects
- (G) goats
- (H) Animal fur
A: (E)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Some viruses live in a dormant state inside the body. When inactive or dormant, Dendrobiums require little or no fertilizer. Some viruses live in an inactive state inside the body.

[Assistant]
Q: Some viruses do not affect the host and live in what kind of state in the body?
Options:
- (A) inactive
- (B) devastating
- (C) recovery
- (D) negative
- (E) hyperactive
- (F) sleep
- (G) excited
- (H) cold
A: (A)
--


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Plants release oxygen during the day but not during the night. Another kind of plant is the fishhook cactus. The fishhook cactus releases oxygen during the day but not during the night.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What does the fishhook cactus release during the day but not during the night.
Options:
- (A) heat
- (B) Air
- (C) water
- (D) carbon monoxide
- (E) carbon dioxide
- (F) oxygen
- (G) Energy.
- (H) Energy*
Line 1: *Sweat wets the skin, and when it evaporates, it cools the body. High humidity interferes with evaporation of the sweat. High humidity interferes with cooling of the body.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What interferes with cooling of the body?
Options:
- (A) low humidity
- (B) snow
- (C) ice
- (D) Sulfur dioxide
- (E) Leptospirosis
- (F) Smoking
- (G) heat or cold
- (H) high humidity*
Logic of a solution: *Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are the most familiar plastids. Plastids contain the green pigment chlorophyll.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What contains the green pigment chlorophyll?
Options:
- (A) seeds
- (B) orchids
- (C) barnacles
- (D) cacti
- (E) plastids
- (F) ferns
- (G) Most plants
- (H) bioaerosols*
Line 1: *Birds evolved from a group of bipedal dinosaurs called theropods. Dromaeosaurs are part of the theropod group of dinosaurs. Birds evolved from a group of bipedal dinosaurs that included Dromaeosaurs.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *The group of bipedal dinosaurs that included dromaeosaurs eventually evolved into:
Options:
- (A) insects
- (B) animals
- (C) mammals
- (D) running
- (E) Man
- (F) alpacas
- (G) genus
- (H) birds*
Logic of a solution: *Roundworms may be free-living or parasitic. Parasites Shortfin makos host a variety of parasitic copepods. Roundworms may be living on a host or free-living.*
*(C)*
The original question: *Roundworms can be free-living or live on a what?
Options:
- (A) soil
- (B) nest
- (C) host
- (D) root
- (E) stem
- (F) habitat
- (G) food
- (H) commune*
Logic of a solution: *Plants respond to daily and seasonal cycles and to disease. Temperature follows a seasonal cycle. Plants respond to temperature.*
*(E)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What do plants respond to?
Options:
- (A) Chemical energy
- (B) Vibrations
- (C) heat energy
- (D) Sulfur dioxide
- (E) Temperature
- (F) sun's heat
- (G) Clouds
- (H) Wood*


[User]
Ques and Ans: Where is brca2 located?
Options:
- (A) retina
- (B) lungs
- (C) chromatic
- (D) the eyes
- (E) chromosome
- (F) chromography
- (G) chrome
- (H) sensory neurons
(E)
Logic for the answer: Chromosomes contain genes, which code for proteins. Another gene, named BRCA2, has also been identified. Chromosomes contain BRCA2.

Ques and Ans: Cell division in what is more complex than cell division in prokaryotes?
Options:
- (A) bacteria
- (B) archaea
- (C) animals
- (D) SO2
- (E) fungi
- (F) plants
- (G) complex
- (H) E. coli
(F)
Logic for the answer: Cell division is more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes. All plants are eukaryotes. Cell division is more complex in plants than prokaryotes.

Ques and Ans: Adult sponges produce sperm and what other sex cell?
Options:
- (A) testicles
- (B) it needs them
- (C) gastropod shells
- (D) fertile
- (E) testosterone
- (F) zygotes
- (G) female gametes
- (H) barnacles
(G)
Logic for the answer: Adult sponges produce eggs and sperm. Each ovule usually contains one egg , the female gamete or sex cell. Adult sponges produce female gametes and sperm.

Ques and Ans: In what way does a catalyst help in chemical reactions?
Options:
- (A) Generating heat
- (B) lowered energy cost
- (C) metabolic reaction
- (D) heating liquids
- (E) by making heat
- (F) adding heat
- (G) increases a body's strength
- (H) preventing heat transfer
(B)
Logic for the answer:

[Assistant] All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Catalysts lower the activation energy. A catalyst can lower the energy cost of a chemical reaction.


[User]
Logic of a solution: *Earthworm burrows help aerate soil, which is also good for plants. Aeration breaks up the soil and allows water to penetrate. Earthworm burrows allow water to penetrate the soil, which is good for plants.*
*(H)*
The original question: *_ allow water to penetrate the soil.
Options:
- (A) crawfish burrows
- (B) major threat to health
- (C) Deposition
- (D) bending light rays
- (E) earthworm homes
- (F) Exfoliation
- (G) termite burrows
- (H) Earthworm burrows*
Line 1: *Sperm had to swim from male to female reproductive organs for fertilization. If fertilization occurs, the fertilized eggs are now described as pre-embryos or zygotes. Sperm had to swim from male to female reproductive organs for zygotes to occur.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *Sperm had to swim from what to what reproductive organs for zygotes to occur.
Options:
- (A) barnacles
- (B) male to female
- (C) animals
- (D) ocean water
- (E) male to male
- (F) mouth of rivers
- (G) female to male
- (H) female to female*
Logic of a solution: *Many corals secrete an exoskeleton that builds up to become a coral reef. An insect has a hard outer covering called an exoskeleton. Many corals secrete a hard outer covering that builds up to become a coral reef.*
*(H)*
The original question: *Many corals secrete what to form a coral reef?
Options:
- (A) Chlorophyll
- (B) salt and water.
- (C) The area was once underwater
- (D) Chemical energy
- (E) aqueous solution
- (F) Organic compounds
- (G) gastropod shells
- (H) hard outer covering*
Line 1: *Some parasites live on the surface of their host. Leeches are external parasites. Leeches live on the surface of their hosts.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *Where do leeches live in relation to their hosts?
Options:
- (A) In their beds
- (B) body water
- (C) competing for resources
- (D) In their shoes
- (E) loose soil
- (F) In their intestines
- (G) important habitats
- (H) On their surface*
Logic of a solution: *Ethanol is produced by alcoholic fermentation of the glucose in corn or other plants. Ethanol is another transportation fuel. A transportation fuel is produced by alcoholic fermentation of the glucose in corn or other plants.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What is produced by alcoholic fermentation of glucose in corn?
Options:
- (A) peachleaf willow
- (B) A compound that donates proton
- (C) A cleaning fluid
- (D) A source of electricity
- (E) A transportation fuel
- (F) Organic compounds
- (G) A yeast
- (H) Chemical energy*
Logic of a solution: *TRH stimulates the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH. Another function of TSH is to maintain the structural integrity of the thyroid gland. TRH stimulates the pituitary gland to maintain structural integrity of the thyroid.*
*(A)*
The original question:

[Assistant]
*What stimulates the pituitary gland in order to maintain structural integrity of the thyroid?
Options:
- (A) TRH
- (B) Urea
- (C) CO 2
- (D) PDAs
- (E) HPV
- (F) SO2
- (G) mL
- (H) p53*


[User]
Consider the question. Sperm swim to an egg inside a what?
Options:
- (A) gastropod shells
- (B) aqueous solution
- (C) archetype
- (D) archive
- (E) ocean water
- (F) pollen
- (G) archegonium
- (H) sperm
 If the answer is '(G)'; explain the reasoning:

[Assistant] Fertilization occurs when sperm swim to an egg inside an archegonium. Pregnancy begins with a fertilized egg. Pregnancy begins after sperm swim to an egg inside an archegonium.


[User] Imagine a question and stream-of-consciousness explanation for which this is the answer: (G)

[Assistant]
Question: How do salamanders usually find sexual partners?
Options:
- (A) mouth of rivers
- (B) It helps them survive
- (C) interact
- (D) it needs them
- (E) competition
- (F) movement
- (G) sense of smell
- (H) heat produced
Stream-of-consciousness: Most salamanders use their sense of smell to find a mate. To couple in sexual union, to be matched or mated. Most salamanders find sexual partners by their sense of smell.


[User]
Line 1: *Fertilization takes place inside the female organism. Sharks have internal fertilization, and most give birth to live young. The female shark will give live birth.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What animal gives live birth?
Options:
- (A) humans
- (B) goats
- (C) alpacas
- (D) rabbit
- (E) babies
- (F) fur seals
- (G) mammals
- (H) sharks*
--
Line 1: *Blood pH may become unbalanced if the rate of breathing is too fast or too slow. When a compound is unbalanced it becomes unbalanced and unstable. Blood pH may become unstable if the rate of breathing is too fast or too slow.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *If the rate of breathing is too fast or too slow, what my become unstable?
Options:
- (A) our planet
- (B) environment
- (C) state
- (D) all matter
- (E) our star
- (F) blood pH
- (G) cigarettes
- (H) fronts*
--
Line 1: *Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous system. From animal experiments, it seems to be a central nervous system toxin. Echinoderms are resistant to some toxins.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *Echinoderms are resistant to some:
Options:
- (A) starfish
- (B) enzymes
- (C) Toxicity
- (D) pesticide
- (E) parasites
- (F) toxins
- (G) boats
- (H) chemicals*
--
Line 1: *Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. Bacteria are said to be prokaryotes . Bacteria are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus.*
*(G)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*What are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus?
Options:
- (A) ferns
- (B) barnacles
- (C) Most plants
- (D) cacti
- (E) Leeuwenhoek
- (F) orchids
- (G) bacteria
- (H) PDAs*
--


[User]
Line 1: *Muscles can only contract. Muscle size comes from lifting heavy weights. Contracting comes from lifting heavy weights.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *What comes from lifting heavy weights?
Options:
- (A) sizing
- (B) Dehydration
- (C) kinetic energy
- (D) contracting
- (E) Energy
- (F) forces
- (G) destroying
- (H) embellishing*
Logic of a solution: *Urine leaves the body through a sphincter in the process of urination. From the bladder, urine leaves the body. The bladder empties through a sphincter in the process of urination.*
*(C)*
The original question: *Urine has to pass through what as the bladder empties?
Options:
- (A) epidermal
- (B) body water
- (C) a sphincter
- (D) all liquids
- (E) mouth of rivers
- (F) alveoli
- (G) salt and water.
- (H) aqueous solution*
Line 1: *Menopause occurs when menstruation stops occurring, usually in middle adulthood. White bryony is used for suppressed menses, menstruation too early and too profuse. Menopause occurs when menses stop occurring, usually in middle adulthood.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *What occurs with the stopping of menses?
Options:
- (A) puberty
- (B) illness
- (C) period
- (D) menopause
- (E) sweating
- (F) acetic acid
- (G) Dehydration
- (H) adulthood*
Logic of a solution: *Cells are the microscopic building blocks of organisms. Plants and animals are organisms. Cells are the microscopic bulding blocks of plants and animals.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What are cells in plants and animals?
Options:
- (A) production of energy
- (B) absorb light energy
- (C) large building blocks
- (D) sub-units of species
- (E) cellulitis
- (F) microscopic bulding blocks
- (G) disease
- (H) microorganisms*
Line 1: *Molecules of DNA are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do. DNA DNA DNA is a person's genetic fingerprint. Molecules of a person's genetic fingerprint are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Molecules of what are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do?
Options:
- (A) Earth revolving around the sun
- (B) A compound that donates proton
- (C) Something that comes in a bundle of fibers
- (D) A person's genetic fingerprint
- (E) characteristics
- (F) a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
- (G) Electrical energy
- (H) it helps plants in growing*
Line 1: *Mating is generally preceded by courtship. Copulation starts early in the mating season and usually stops when nesting begins. Copulation is generally preceded by courtship.*
*(G)*
Line 2:

[Assistant]
*Copulation is generally preceded by what?
Options:
- (A) pollination
- (B) sound
- (C) Vibrates
- (D) impregnation
- (E) Decibels
- (F) fertilization
- (G) courtship
- (H) pollen*