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YOLO – You Only Live Once – Do You?
July 23, 2013 By Utaburke Leave a Comment
"If you wish to upset the law that all crows are black, it is enough if you prove that one crow is white." William James
"We are not human beings having a spiritual experience. We are spiritual beings having a human experience." Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
"These are the kind of data I wouldn't believe, even if they were true." (A skeptic, qtd. in Schwartz 122)
People have been searching for answers to immortality since humans exist. As more and more pieces of the puzzle emerge, we come to understand that in this dimension the full picture might remain elusive, so an interpretation of the clues so far available is left to the individual. What the character suffering from an incurable disease in Nadine Gordimer's essay "Terminal" believes is that once we die, that's it. There will be nothing, an end of consciousness, not even an awareness of the termination of life. Since she does not want to wait until she turns into a helpless, bedridden object, she attempts suicide but is rescued by her husband. It is clear that she is not afraid of dying, expecting nothing but a black stillness "afterward:"
Ever since she was a child she had understood it as a deep sleep, that's all. Ever since she saw the first bird, lying under a hedge, whose eyes hadn't openend when it was poked with a twig. But one can only be aware of a sleep as one awakens from it, and so one will never be aware of that deep sleep – she had no fear of death…( 526)
Since the early 1970s, resuscitation techniques have become so advanced that thousands of people were brought back from the brink of death. Many who were saved reported phenomena known as near death experiences (NDE) and out of body experiences (OBE). NDErs, as the survivors are commonly called, described being in the presence of a bright, peaceful and loving light and of meeting deceased loved ones. Almost all who experienced being in that realm wanted to stay there or cannot wait to go back once they die. Not only do NDErs testify about a life after death, but they comprehended that we all lived multiple lives.
If these experiences are true, the current popular credo, "YOLO" must be false. Backed by mounting research and evidence, scientists can now claim that there is life after death and that we have to come back until we learn the lessons we need to fulfill our purpose on earth – a task for which more than one lifetime is needed. I am saying that YDOLO – You Don't Only Live Once!
One of the biggest doubters of a continuation of life after death was Dr. Eben Alexander, a neurosurgeon who used scientific evidence as the basis for his understanding of life and death. In 2008 this changed when he was the victim of a rare bacterial meningitis infection that inactivated the neocortex of his brain, putting him into a deep coma. For seven days he experienced "death." Alexander writes about "flocks of transparent, shimmering beings arced across the sky…which were quite simply different from anything [he had] known on this planet. They were more advanced. Higher forms" (3). He also talks about a booming, glorious sound like a chant, and a woman accompanying him who had "a look that, if you saw it for five seconds, would make your whole life up to that point worth living" (3). This woman, he found out later, was a deceased sister he never knew he had (he was adopted). Dr. Alexander also received a message consisting of three parts: "You are loved and cherished, dearly, forever", "You have nothing to fear," and "There is nothing you can do wrong" (4); but the greatest message of all was LOVE. Alexander claims that all his questions were answered, transmitted without words, and with the certainty of knowledge that we will know everything after we die. When he woke up, he knew that he had been in the presence of a Higher Being. Getting a glimpse of continued consciousness after bodily death and discovering the truth had a profound effect on his life, taking away all his fear.
Dr. Alexander's testimony about what he experienced while he was almost dead is very similar to other NDE survey results. His statement on the aftereffect of his NDE contains proof that his had indeed been a near death experience, not a hallucination, which would not have had a life changing effect.
"Taken together, it is safe to say that between 1975 and 2005, at least 55 researchers or teams in North America, Europe, Australia and Asia published at least 65 research studies involving 3,500 NDEs" (Holden 7). Of the thousands of surveys collected, almost all near death and out of body experiences progressed in a similar order: an out of body sensation, tunnel or bright light experience, overwhelming feeling of peace and love, encountering beings of light, going through a life review, a reluctance to return, and transformation/aftereffects which get stronger as the years pass.
Stafford L. Betty, the author of an article on the topic in a major religious journal, explains that we know a NDE is not a hallucination because NDEs are very similar to each other. If they were hallucinations, they would be very much different from each other (196). A near death experience has lifelong aftereffects such as the NDErs losing their fear of dying. They also reported more happiness, increased intelligence, and heightened psychic abilities. All experienced an awareness of total peace and unconditional love. When they returned to life, they were more empathetic to others' needs and also more accepting and loving of themselves. Almost none of the NDErs wanted to come back to their lives unless they felt they had unfinished business such as raising their children. They encountered family and friends, but only the ones who had already passed. Throughout an NDE, many people have an out of body experience and correctly report proceedings that were going on around them as well as in other rooms while they were in a death-like coma. During hallucinations, people have no idea what happens around them. Also, their lives are not transformed and they are not healed, as happened in many cases of NDEs.
"Three-quarters of Americans believe in a life after death, but only one-quarter believes in reincarnation" (Weiss 47). All major religions acknowledge the immortality of the consciousness, spirit or soul, yet it depends upon people's expectations whom they might meet in the afterlife: Jews will not recognize Jesus but Hashem, Catholics might encounter Mary or the archangel Michael, Christians see Jesus, and Muslims Allah, but all meet God. Whatever people's belief of a Higher Being might be, that's the entity they translate as seeing. Even atheists described being aware of an intense presence of love and peace.
All major religions accept the possibility of reincarnation, but at least one was forbidden to teach it. Jeanette Dunlap, author of Reincarnation And Survival of Life After Death, informs us that an empirical ruling almost 1500 years ago forbade Christians to believe in reincarnation:
History records that the early Christian Church believed in reincarnation and of the soul's journey back to oneness to God. An Empirical decree by Emperor Justinian in 545 A.D. forced the ruling cardinals to draft a decree that anyone who believed that souls come from God and return to God would be punished by death. Due to this decree, biblical proof of awareness after death needs to be addressed…there are biblical scriptures illustrating the "awareness of the dead." (159)
Dunlap explains that many Christian denominations continue teaching that there is no awareness after death. Meanwhile, "there is a contemporary attempt that scientifically studies and verifies reincarnation through past life memories recall, past life regression, meditation and mediumship" (160). One of the most famous regression therapists is Dr. Brian Weiss. Through regression therapy, a hypnosis that leads people into previous lives, Weiss has encountered thousands of cases where individuals reported detailed accounts of their prior lives which were later confirmed. Not only that, but he insists that everyone lived or will live hundreds of lives, and is convinced that we will meet the same people from past lifetimes over and over again! There is a genuine recognizing in people who participate in his regression therapy of seeing their mothers who are now their children or the other way around, people who were lovers in previous lives who recognized each other as soul mates in the present one, and groups of people, such as families, reincarnating together to take on different bodies in the next life, while their souls stay the same. Dr. Weiss uses the example of one of his patients this happened to:
Jenny Cockell, a British woman, discovered the children whom she had born during her previous incarnation as Mary Sutton in Ireland in the early 20th century. Five of Mary's children were still alive when Jenny found them in the 1990s. They were able to completely confirm Jenny's past-life recall of even minor events in their childhoods, events that occurred more than 70 years prior to their emotional reunion with Jenny – the reincarnation of their mother, Mary Sutton. (48)
This would also explain déjà vu and have-we-met-before sensations.
Discovering through regression therapy who they were in past life times and how they died has helped many patients in the present life to let go of fears and health problems. Weiss calls these "past-live PTSDs" and points out that the way to validate past-life experiences is through the disappearance of phobias or illnesses. The only way this is possible is through an actual memory, not merely by imagining about being healed (83). Dunlap echoes this assertion as she writes in her article:
Past life regression can untap realms of hidden memories to discover past life. Hypnotic regression and past life therapy studies are often used to prove or verify existence of past lives: 77% of clients' problems were helped and 23% of clients' problems were considered cured. (162)
Testimonies exist of scientists who set out to disprove the possibility of life after death and reincarnation. One such scientist, Dr. Helen Wambach, is mentioned in Weiss's book. As she began her experiments and scientific investigation she realized that the more she uncovered, the more she disproved her own conviction. At the end of her research she admitted in a publication that she "now not only believes in reincarnation but knows it" (222). "Thanks to the tireless efforts of researchers, we can legitimately state now that reincarnation can be accepted on the basis of clinical data and not solely by belief" (Weiss 49).
Another possible way to verify that our consciousness stays intact after our earthly bodies wear out is through the research done by Dr. Gary E. Schwartz on the beliefs of Harvard professor William James. In the early 1900s, James was convinced that our consciousness never dies and continues to attest his hypotheses from the other side! With the help of two certified mediums James was able to 'work' with Schwartz on validating this assertion. Schwartz also met with Susy Smith who "had published two books supposedly in collaboration with James since he had passed" (127). Smith claimed that her primary guide from the other side was William James and that he was interested in participating in more research (Schwartz 127). After establishing that the mediums were authentic and validating that everything they related in regard to William James was accurate and impossible to know otherwise, Schwartz concludes that "the totality of the findings appears to have the 'look and feel' of consciousness and intention" (144). It is interesting to note that when Smith herself passed away she was able to affirm her own continuing consciousness from the other side. Predictions she had made while still alive were confirmed through a medium who relayed messages from Smith after her death. "The emerging spontaneous evidence appeared to be consistent with the thesis that the survival of consciousness hypothesis…was potentially viable" (Schwartz 146).
Dr. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, who wrote many books on dying and the afterlife, sat at the deathbed of thousands of patients. Through their accounts, right before they passed, she acquired absolute certainty that nobody ever dies alone, even if a person would die in outer space. Each one of us will be met by deceased loved ones and either sent back if it is not yet our time or be reunited with deceased friends and family until we chose another body to be born into. Dr. Kübler-Ross states that:
What we hear from our friends who have passed over, people who came back to share with us, is that…you will be given an opportunity, not to be judged by a judgmental God, but to judge yourself, by having to review every single action, every word, and every thought of your life. You make your own hell or your own heaven by the way you have lived. (35) Death does not exist. (17)
There is more substantiation for life after death and reincarnation: 1) Our pets will greet us on the other side. "Every research medium the author has worked with has claimed that animal consciousness is no different from human consciousness in its essence; i.e. it continues to survive after physical death" (Schwartz 130), and 2) You will not be punished for committing suicide, but you have to come back to learn the lesson. "There is a commonality among people who take their own lives – as well as among children who die young – in that their souls are returned to earth more quickly, for there is still so much that needs to be learned" (Weiss 223).
After compiling so much evidence on life after death, what proof do we have that we only live once? After thousands of near death experience reports trying to explain the awareness of an indescribable light filled with peace and love many call "God," the question is: How could there be only a black void that awaits us at the end of our earthly life? Doctors, regression therapists, and mediums have encountered agnostics and atheists who, after coming out of a NDE, admitted they were wrong. We don't even have to try to wrap our human mind around this phenomenal idea. When Moses asked God at the burning bush, "What is your name, whom shall I tell the people sent me," knowing it was impossible for them to fully comprehend Him, God replied, "Tell them, I am who I am." In other words, don't try to understand. Just look at where the evidence is pointing.
"The history of science reminds us of countless instances where what was once assumed to be science fiction eventually became science fact" (Schwartz 150). We will one day have to accept, with the development of the necessary tools to attest that consciousness persists after physical death, that our spirit exists as never-extinguishable energy. Schwartz emphasizes that the world is at yet another "paradigm shift," a change in our basic worldview, just as humans once had to accept the fact that "the sun does not spin around the earth," but vice versa, or that "the earth is round, not flat" (149). We can now add these clues to our findings:
We are all one.
There is nothing to fear.
All is love.
We can never die.
We have many lives.
"What the caterpillar calls the end of the world, the Master calls a butterfly." (Richard Bach, qtd. in Tod Kelly)
Dr. Alexander, Eben. "My Proof of Heaven; A neurosurgeon's journey into the afterlife." Newsweek, 00289604, 15 Oct. 2012. Vol. 160. Issue 16. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.
Betty, Stafford L. "Five Reasons That NDEs Point To Life After Death: A Dialogue." Journal Of Religion & Psychical Research 28.4 (2005): 195-202. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.
Brainyquote.com. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin Quotes. Web. 17 Apr. 2013.
Dunlap, Jeanetta W. "Reincarnation And Survival Of Life After Death: "Is There Evidence That Past Life Memories Suggest Reincarnation?" Journal Of Spirituality & Paranormal Studies 30.(2007): 157-170. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.
Gordimer, Nadine. "Terminal." Reading Literature and Writing Argument. Ed. Missy James and Alan P. Merickel. 4th ed. Boston: Longman. 2011. 524-526. Print.
Holden, Miner Janice, Bruce Greyson, and Debbie James. The Handbook of Near- Death Experiences: Thirty Years of Investigation. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. Print.
Kelly, Tod. "The League of Ordinary Gentlemen." Politics & Foreign Affairs. September 2, 2012. Web. 17 Apr. 2013.
Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth. On Life After Death, revised. Berkeley, CA: Celestial Arts. 2008. Print.
Lightafterlife.freeforums.org. "Leonora Piper by Graham Jennings." Two World Issue 4419. 2012. Web. 20 Mar. 2013.
Schwartz, Gary E. "William James and the Search for Scientific Evidence of Life After Death Past, Present, and Possible Future." Journal of Consciousness Studies. Vol.: 17. iss.: 11/12. 2010. Start Page: 121-152. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.
Weiss, Brian L. M.D. Miracles Happen; The Transformational Healing Power of Past-Life Memories. New York: HarperCollins. 2012. Print.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: death, life after death, paranormal, reincarnation, YOLO
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Methodology Systems Analysis Framework
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Theoretical models of fractionation
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Schematic diagram illustrating the shift in the absorption spectrum for the heavy isotopologues. In the ZPE model (Yung and Miller, 1997), the additional mass of the heavy isotopologues decreases the ZPE level and blue-shifts the absorption spectrum, causing enrichment of the isotopologues at wavelengths longer than the peak absorption. Fig. 14.7. Schematic diagram illustrating the shift in the absorption spectrum for the heavy isotopologues. In the ZPE model (Yung and Miller, 1997), the additional mass of the heavy isotopologues decreases the ZPE level and blue-shifts the absorption spectrum, causing enrichment of the isotopologues at wavelengths longer than the peak absorption.
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Figure 21.1 provides a schematic diagram of a typical SAGB. Its primary components are a reactor vessel, support media for biofilm growth, influent distribution system, and effluent withdrawal system. An oxygen transfer system may also be provided. Influent wastewater is added to the bioreactor and microorganisms grow attached to the submerged media, thereby removing soluble organic matter or oxidizing ammonia-N. The types of microorganisms that grow depend on the constit
GIS and Hydrologic Models
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Chevron refinery as cooling tower makeup From
Last Updated on Sun, 18 Aug 2019	| Industrial Wastes
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Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
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Last Updated on Sun, 24 Nov 2019	| Pollution Prevention | 2 comments
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Ductile Shear Zone Structures
Last Updated on Wed, 21 Nov 2018	| Glacial Landsystems
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System Description and Control Strategy
Last Updated on Tue, 04 Apr 2017	| Solar Energy
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Rotating Biological Contactors RBC
Last Updated on Mon, 23 Dec 2019	| Industrial Wastes
Increasingly stringent requirements for the removal of organic and inorganic substances from wastewater have necessitated the development of innovative, cost-effective wastewater treatment alternatives in recent years. The aerobic rotating biological contactor (RBC) is one of the biological processes for the treatment of organic wastewater. It is another type of attached growth process that combines advantages of biological fixed-film (short hydraulic retention time, high biomass concentration, low energy cost, easy operation, and insensitivity to toxic substance shock loads), and partial stir. Therefore the aerobic RBC reactor is widely employed to treat both domestic and industrial wastewater 16-18 . A schematic diagram of the rotating biological contactor (RBC) unit is shown in Fig. 13 it consists of closely spaced discs mounted on a common horizontal shaft, partially submerged in a semicircular tank receiving wastewater. When water containing organic waste and nutrients flows...
Table 11 Lube Subcategory Raw Waste Load Effluent from Refinery API Separatora
Figure 8 Refinery schematic diagram indicating representative sources of solid waste in refinery system. Most solid wastes from refineries are Figure 8 Refinery schematic diagram indicating representative sources of solid waste in refinery system. Most solid wastes from refineries are Figure 9 Refinery schematic diagram indicating representative sources of solid waste in utility water system. These wastes may not be classified as hazardous in the United States. (From Ref. 18.) Figure 9 Refinery schematic diagram indicating representative sources of solid waste in utility water system. These wastes may not be classified as hazardous in the United States. (From Ref. 18.) Figure 10 Refinery schematic diagram indicating representative sources of solid waste in wastewater treatment system. All wastes except waste activated sludge are classified as hazardous wastes because of their oil contents. (From Ref. 18.) Figure 10 Refinery schematic diagram indicating representative sources of solid...
Diurnal variation of tropical oceanic convection
Last Updated on Sat, 14 Oct 2017	| Atmospheric Sciences
Schematic diagram of diurnal variations of convection during the disturbed (upper panel) and undisturbed (lower panel) periods. The dashed curve in the lower panel indicates the time rate of change of the saturation columnar water vapor amount, dW* dt, corresponding to the diurnal cycle of temperature distribution. This quantity represents a direct effect of the radiative cooling heating cycle on available precipitable water (APW), or a change of APW in the first step. The convective response to the direct forcing can induce further changes in temperature and moisture that lead to a corresponding change of APW in the second step. Since observed and simulated diurnal variations of convection are evidently in phase with the idealized cycle, the curve is regarded as a good theoretical limit for diurnal rainfall. The dashed curve in the lower panel indicates the diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of diurnal variations of convection during the...
Methods Of Biomass Recycle And Wastage
Last Updated on Tue, 31 Oct 2017	| Oxygen Requirement
Figure 5.2 Schematic diagrams of two CSTRs with biomass recycle from sedimentation basins, (a) The Garrett configuration in which biomass is wasted directly from the reactor, (b) Conventional configuration in which biomass is wasted from the sludge recycle flow. Figure 5.2 Schematic diagrams of two CSTRs with biomass recycle from sedimentation basins, (a) The Garrett configuration in which biomass is wasted directly from the reactor, (b) Conventional configuration in which biomass is wasted from the sludge recycle flow.
Belt press filtration
Last Updated on Mon, 25 Nov 2019	| Wastewater Treatment
A schematic diagram of a belt filter for sludge dewatering. (Courtesy of Falke Bruinsma at http photos.innersource.com) Figure 7.5. A schematic diagram of a belt filter for sludge dewatering. (Courtesy of Falke Bruinsma at http photos.innersource.com) The imperforate basket centrifuge is a semicontinuous feeding and solids discharging unit that rotates about a vertical axis. A schematic diagram of a basket centrifuge in the sludge feed and sludge plowing cycles is shown in Fig. 7.6. Sludge is fed into the bottom of the basket and sludge solids form a cake on the bowl walls as the unit rotates. The liquid (centrate) is displaced over a baffle or weir at the top of the unit. Sludge feed is either continued for a preset time or until the suspended solids in the centrate reach a preset concentration. The ability to be used either for thickening or dewatering is an advantage of the basket centrifuge. A basket centrifuge will typically dewater a 50 50 blend of anaerobically...
Icefacies formation and types
Last Updated on Mon, 26 Mar 2018	| Geophysical Research
Figure 63.1 Schematic diagram illustrating the process of formation of distinctive basal regelation ice by interaction of the glacier at its basal boundary with bed roughness elements. This process, which contributes to basal motion, is known as Weertman (1957) regelation, and is probably most effective for bed roughness elements with dimensions 10 1-100m. It produces layers of basal ice with distinctive physical and chemical characteristics. Figure 63.1 Schematic diagram illustrating the process of formation of distinctive basal regelation ice by interaction of the glacier at its basal boundary with bed roughness elements. This process, which contributes to basal motion, is known as Weertman (1957) regelation, and is probably most effective for bed roughness elements with dimensions 10 1-100m. It produces layers of basal ice with distinctive physical and chemical characteristics.
Basic Model For A Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Fri, 21 Oct 2016	| Oxygen Requirement
A schematic diagram of a single CSTR is shown in Figure 5.1. A bioreactor with volume V receives a flow at rate F containing only soluble, noninhibitory, biodegradable organic substrate at concentration Sso (in COD units) and sufficient inorganic nutrients to make the organic substrate the growth limiting material. The influent flow and concentrations are constant, as are pH, temperature, and other environmental conditions. Within the bioreactor the heterotrophic biomass uses the substrate as its food source, thereby growing to concentration X,4,, while reducing the substrate concentration to Ss. Biomass decay accompanies the growth so that
Step Feed Activated Sludge
Last Updated on Tue, 05 Feb 2019	| Oxygen Requirement
Figure 7.10 presents the schematic diagram for the configuration used to simulate an SFAS system. As in Figure 7.1, five equal sized CSTRs in series were used, with all biomass recycle to the first bioreactor, but in this case the feed was distributed evenly among the bioreactors. All other characteristics of the system, including the flow rates, feed concentrations, etc., were the same as those used to simulate the performance of the tanks-in-series system. Figure 7.10 Schematic diagram of five CSTRs in series with all biomass recycle to the first reactor and the influent distributed evenly among the reactors. Although not shown, solids wastage comes directly from all reactors. This configuration simulates step feed activated sludge (SFAS). Figure 7.10 Schematic diagram of five CSTRs in series with all biomass recycle to the first reactor and the influent distributed evenly among the reactors. Although not shown, solids wastage comes directly from all reactors. This configuration...
The Thermal Wind Equation
Last Updated on Wed, 13 Nov 2019	| Climate Dynamics | 1 comment
We saw in Section 5.2 that isobaric surfaces slope down from equator to pole. Moreover, these slopes increase with height, as can be seen, for example, in Fig. 5.13 and the schematic diagram, Fig. 5.14. Thus according to the geostrophic relation, Eq. 7-8, the geostrophic flow will increase with height, as indeed is observed
The Equatorial Undercurrent
Last Updated on Mon, 03 Jun 2019	| Ocean Circulation	| 1 comment
Figure 5.4 shows the relationship between the mean wind stress and the resulting east-west slopes in the sea-surface and thermocline along the Equator in the Pacific (cf. the schematic diagram in Figure 5.3). In Figure 5.4(c), the position of the core of the Undercurrent (the region of highest velocity) is indicated by the blue crosses note that in the eastern Pacific, where the thermocline is especially shallow, and upwelling brings cooler water to the surface, the flow in the Undercurrent may extend to the surface.
The Role Of Long Waves In Ocean Circulation
Last Updated on Tue, 20 Mar 2018	| Ocean Circulation
Figure 5.17 (a) Schematic diagram of a surface Kelvin wave in the Northern Hemisphere. In the case of a Kelvin wave in the thermocline, the thermocline would adopt the shape shown, while the sea-surface would take on a similar shape in 'mirror image', although to a much lesser extent. Figure 5.17 (a) Schematic diagram of a surface Kelvin wave in the Northern Hemisphere. In the case of a Kelvin wave in the thermocline, the thermocline would adopt the shape shown, while the sea-surface would take on a similar shape in 'mirror image', although to a much lesser extent.
Conventional And High Purity Oxygen Activated Sludge
Last Updated on Thu, 29 Nov 2018	| Oxygen Requirement
Figure 7.1 presents a schematic diagram of the system used to simulate conventional and high purity oxygen activated sludge systems. All influent and all biomass recycle enters the first bioreactor and passes from bioreactor to bioreactor down the chain. For the purposes of this chapter, the bioreactors were considered to be of equal volume, but different residence time distributions can be attained by using bioreactors of different size.1* The influent flow rate used in simulations was 1000 m' day and the volume of each bioreactor was 50 m,' giving a total system volume of 250 m' and a system hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 6 hr, which is a value commonly used in practice. The biomass recycle flow rate was fixed at 500 m' day. unless otherwise specified, giving a recycle ratio, a(F, F), of 0.5, which is also commonly used in practice. All bioreactors are aerobic and the dissolved oxygen concentration was controlled at 2.0 mg L in each, thereby eliminating denitrification. This...
Electrodialysis with bipolar membranes
Last Updated on Thu, 27 Sep 2018	| Reverse Osmosis
Figure 16 Schematic diagram illustrating the function of a bipolar membrane showing (a) a bipolar membrane and (b) the 4-5 nm thick transition region at the interphase of the two cation- and anion-exchange layers. Figure 16 Schematic diagram illustrating the function of a bipolar membrane showing (a) a bipolar membrane and (b) the 4-5 nm thick transition region at the interphase of the two cation- and anion-exchange layers. Figure 17 Schematic diagram indicating the production of acids and bases from the corresponding salt in a stack with feed and bleed operation.
Basin Scale Standing Wave Motions Seiches
Last Updated on Tue, 27 Aug 2019	| Lake Ecosystems
Figure 5 Schematic diagram showing the first three horizontal interfacial seiche modes horizontal mode one (n 1), mode two (n 2), and mode three (n 3). Arrows denote direction of water particle velocities. Solid and dashed lines denote the interfacial displacement at one-half period intervals. Upper layer velocities for the baroclinic case are not shown and can be inferred from symmetry. Figure 5 Schematic diagram showing the first three horizontal interfacial seiche modes horizontal mode one (n 1), mode two (n 2), and mode three (n 3). Arrows denote direction of water particle velocities. Solid and dashed lines denote the interfacial displacement at one-half period intervals. Upper layer velocities for the baroclinic case are not shown and can be inferred from symmetry.
Atmospheric Circulation In Midlatitudes
Last Updated on Thu, 29 Aug 2019	| Ocean Circulation	| 4 comments
Figure 2.5 Schematic diagrams to illustrate how (a) air spirals inwards and upwards in low pressure areas (cyclones) and (b) air spirals downwards and outwards in high pressure areas (anticyclones) (drawn for Northern Hemisphere situations). The contours are isobars (lines connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure) and the numbers give typical pressures at ground level, in millibars. Note that here the angle at which the air flow crosses the isobars is somewhat exaggerated. Within 1 km of the Earth's surface, the air flow would cross the isobars at small angles, while above that it would follow the isobars quite closely. Figure 2.5 Schematic diagrams to illustrate how (a) air spirals inwards and upwards in low pressure areas (cyclones) and (b) air spirals downwards and outwards in high pressure areas (anticyclones) (drawn for Northern Hemisphere situations). The contours are isobars (lines connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure) and the numbers give typical pressures at...
Biological Removal of Phosphorus
Last Updated on Fri, 01 Nov 2019	| Wastewater Treatment | 2 comments
The biological treatment or removal of phosphorus from wastewater depends on the accumulation of a large amount of bacteria that are capable of storing phosphorus in the form of polyphosphate inside the bacterial cells polyphosphate as stored energy for bacteria is produced as a result of sequestering volatile fatty acids by aerobic bacteria under anaerobic conditions, resulting in poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) under simultaneous use of glycogen. This requires that the influent of wastewater for biological phosphorus removal has to first mix with sludge in order to create a true anaerobic environment free from electron acceptors such as oxygen and nitrate. In the anaerobic environment or zone, volatile fatty acids (may be formed by fermentation) in the incoming wastewater stream can be accumulated by polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria. Thus, a successful design of a biological phosphorus removal process relies on the creation of such a true anaerobic zone this will also be...
Tropospheric Ozone And Associated Photochemical Oxidants
Last Updated on Tue, 26 Nov 2019	| Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Figure 16.2 shows a schematic diagram of such a chamber (Fitz et al., 1981). Ports are included for the introduction of the primary pollutants and for sampling for product analysis. Because such bags do not have a rigid shape, they operate at atmospheric pressure. The volume of the chamber may be maintained during a run by introducing clean air at the same rate as sampling removes air from the chamber, thus diluting the mixture. Alternatively, these soft chambers can be allowed to collapse as air is removed for analysis this maintains the pressure at f atm but results in an increasing S V ratio during a run. FIGURE 16.2 Schematic diagram of typical outdoor 40-m3 collapsible bag environmental chamber (adapted from Fitz et al., 1981). FIGURE 16.2 Schematic diagram of typical outdoor 40-m3 collapsible bag environmental chamber (adapted from Fitz et al., 1981). FIGURE 16.3 Schematic diagram of the evacuable chamber at the Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside....
Solar and Biomass Integration to Steam Network
Last Updated on Sat, 28 Sep 2019	| Solar Energy
Solar thermal energy can be integrated with the supply system or directly at the process level. The integrated solar plant concept was initially proposed by Luz Solar International as a means of integrating parabolic trough solar plant with modern combined cycle power plants. A plant schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 29.3 (Kelly, 2001). The integration of solar thermal energy can be influenced by several factors as shown in Table 29.1 (Schnitzer et al., 2007). Solar thermal stations could also become an interesting way to reduce the environmental impact of energy generation with reasonably economic conditions (El-Sayed, 2005). Fig. 29.3 Integrated solar plant schematic diagram. Fig. 29.3 Integrated solar plant schematic diagram.
Principle of ionexchange membrane processes
Thu, 13 Apr 2017	| Reverse Osmosis
The principle of electrodialysis is illustrated in Fig. 2, which shows a schematic diagram of an electrodialysis cell arrangement consisting of a series of anion- and cation-exchange membranes arranged in an alternating pattern between an anode and a cathode to form individual cells. If an ionic solution such as an aqueous salt solution is pumped through these cells and an electrical potential is established between the anode and cathode, the positively charged cations migrate toward the cathode and the negatively charged anions toward the anode. The cations pass through the negatively charged cation-exchange membrane but are retained by the positively charged anion-exchange membrane. Likewise, the negatively charged anions pass through the anion-exchange membrane, and are retained by the cation-exchange membrane. The overall result is an increase Figure 2 Schematic diagram illustrating the principle of desalination by electro-dialysis in a stack with cation- and...
Nazih K Shammas and Lawrence K Wang
Last Updated on Sun, 18 Aug 2019	| Hazardous Wastes
Figure 26.1 is a simplified schematic diagram of a hazardous waste landfill, showing the geometry and placement of double liners and LCRSs in a landfill.15 In a double-lined landfill, there are two liners and two LCRSs. The primary LCRS is located above the top liner and the secondary LCRS is located between the two liners. In this diagram, the top liner is a geomembrane (GM) liner, also called flexible membrane liner (FML), and the bottom liner is a composite liner system consisting of an FML overlying compacted low-permeability soil (or compacted clay).
Kz Kz0 fZ Paz Pezdz Jz0
Last Updated on Fri, 17 May 2019	| Thermodynamics
Figure 7.1 Schematic diagram of a sounding (left border of the shaded area) along with a dry adiabat rising from the surface (right border of the shaded area). The shaded area is proportional to the kinetic energy acquired by a parcel in rising from the surface to the intersection of the two curves.
Stratospheretroposphere Exchange
Last Updated on Mon, 20 May 2019	| Hydrology
Whereas net diabatic heating is required to transport air from the troposphere into the stratosphere. Extensive measurements during the STEP (Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project) in the 1980s showed that specific vigorous convective events were primarily responsible for transporting tropical air into the stratosphere. Troposphcric air can be either mixed directly into the stratosphere when the cumulo-nimbus towers overshoot, mixed across the tropopause by turbulent motion, or moved upward due to radiative heating of cloud tops. The dehydration occurs because some or all of the condensed ice particles are returned to the troposphere by sedimentation while the dry air remains in the stratosphere. Soluble chemical species will be found in the ice particles rather than in the dry air surrounding them, so there may be a greater resistance to cross-tropopause transport of soluble compounds, A schematic diagram illustrating the general concept of the circulation between the troposphere...
Interaction of the southern LIS and North Atlantic Ocean oscillations of the Mississippi Hudson valley routings
Last Updated on Mon, 27 May 2019	| Geophysical Research
Figure 28.7 Schematic diagram of ocean-ice interaction and oscillatory switching of Mississippi runoff to and from Hudson River Valley (after Clark et al., 2001). See text for explanation. Figure 28.7 Schematic diagram of ocean-ice interaction and oscillatory switching of Mississippi runoff to and from Hudson River Valley (after Clark et al., 2001). See text for explanation.
Cleaning Procedure Tests And Results A Battery Casing Wastes
Last Updated on Tue, 03 Sep 2019	| Pollution Prevention
The second step entailed separation of the casing material from the metallic lead, rocks, and foreign matter by screening and elutriation. Since metallic lead has a much higher density than the rocks and casings, a gravity separation is possible. The separation technique used in this work was water elutriation, but air or other density separation devices would be effective. The feed material was screened through 3 4- and 3 8-in. screens, and in both plus fractions the metallic lead and rocks were separated from the pieces of battery casings by elutriation. The minus 3 8-in. material was rescreened through 4 and 8 mesh screens. Because the suspension of the different materials is a function of the surface area as well as density, it was preferable to screen the material into similar size fractions to provide a consistent feed for the laboratory-scale water elutriation system. A schematic diagram of the equipment used is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of water elutriator....
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes
Last Updated on Mon, 23 Sep 2019	| Wastewater Treatment
The pollution problems arising from excessive amounts of certain nutrients in wastewater are the most common reason for advanced waste-water treatment and mainly caused by nitrogen-rich and phosphorus-rich compounds. The nitrogen-rich substances, such as proteins, are biologically converted into ammonia through a process called ammonification. The excessive amount of nutrients in discharged treated wastewater will lead to a problem called eutrophication. The eutrophication problem associated with algae blooms and deaeration of the receiving waterbody results from oxidation of ammonia to nitrate by the nitrifying bacteria (this process is called nitrification) and can suffocate fishes and other animals living in the polluted water. High concentrations of nitrate in water are toxic to both humans and animals. A schematic diagram in Fig. 5.1 shows the simplified nitrogen cycle in the environment.
Scalar and vector fields
Sat, 13 Jul 2019	| Thermodynamics
Figure 9.5 Schematic diagram of a position vector r whose components are x, y and z. Figure 9.5 Schematic diagram of a position vector r whose components are x, y and z. Figure 9.6 Schematic diagram of a position vector r and an increment of it dr. Figure 9.6 Schematic diagram of a position vector r and an increment of it dr.
Land Applications and Surface Disposal
Mon, 29 Jul 2019	| Wastewater Treatment
A schematic diagram of a rotary dryer for sludge dewatering. Figure 7.12. A schematic diagram of a rotary dryer for sludge dewatering. Figure 7.13. A schematic diagram of a multieffect evaporator for sludge de-watering. Figure 7.13. A schematic diagram of a multieffect evaporator for sludge de-watering.
Model Basics and Structure
Tue, 30 Jul 2019	| Source Reduction
Figure 3.1 Schematic diagram of the climate model components used for typical climate change runs. The general circulation model of the atmosphere also includes land surface processes like evapotranspiration, river run-off and the ocean module contains sea ice thermodynamics and rheology. Volcanism as well as solar radiation changes is handled as external processes like atmospheric trace substance concentration changes due to anthropogenic activities (MPI, 2006b)
Contaminated Water and Pressures Produced in the Landfill Site
Last Updated on Sun, 18 Aug 2019	| Pollution Prevention
Figure 2 Schematic diagram illustrating cumulative settlement of waste due to decomposition of organic matter versus time. Decomposition stages (1) aerobic, (2) anaerobic (nonmethanogenic), (3) anaerobic (methanogenic), (4) anaerobic decline, (5) return to anaerobic growth. (After Wardwell et al. 9 .) Figure 2 Schematic diagram illustrating cumulative settlement of waste due to decomposition of organic matter versus time. Decomposition stages (1) aerobic, (2) anaerobic (nonmethanogenic), (3) anaerobic (methanogenic), (4) anaerobic decline, (5) return to anaerobic growth. (After Wardwell et al. 9 .)
Investigating The Ocean Through Computer M00elung
Tue, 30 Jul 2019	| Ocean Circulation
Figure 4.18 Schematic diagram to illustrate three types of grids used in three-dimensional models, (a) Section showing the bathymetry of the region being modelled. In (b) to (d) the horizontal coordinate system is represented by fine vertical lines, while the vertical coordinate system is indicated by fine horizontal, sloping or curved lines. The most conventional system is (b), known as a 'level' model, because the vertical levels are fixed in (c), the 'terrain-following' model, the heights of the boxes are a fixed proportion of the ocean depth and in (d), known as an isopycnic model, the vertical coordinates are isopycnals. In each case, the equations relating to flow velocity are solved for points at the centres of the faces of the grid boxes (cf. Figure 4.17), while those relating to transport of heat and salt are solved for points in the centres of the grid boxes themselves.
Table 9 Cracking Subcategory Raw Waste Load Effluent from Refinery API Separatora
Diagram indicating representative sources of solid waste in utility water systems 18 . Wastes generated from wastewater treatment systems include API CPI separator sludge, dissolved-air flotation or induced-air flotation system floats, pond and tank sediments, and biosolids. Of these, only the biosolids from the biological wastewater treatment system may be nonhazardous. Figure 10 shows a refinery schematic diagram indicating representative sources of solids waste in wastewater treatment systems 18 .
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment
Tue, 30 Jul 2019	| Industrial Wastes
It is impossible to describe every system here therefore, only a select few that are often used in treating soft drink wastewater are discussed in this chapter. Figure 3 shows the schematic diagram of various anaerobic reactors, and the operating conditions of the corresponding reactors are given in Table 4.
AMSR 2002presentSwath width 1445 km
Tue, 30 Jul 2019	| Geophysical Research
Figure 73.2 Schematic diagram illustrating the geometry of repeat pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Ai and Aj are the positions of the satellite at epochs i and j, B is the separation in space, or baseline, between the two measurements and r and rj are the ranges to a target on the surface. Figure 73.2 Schematic diagram illustrating the geometry of repeat pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Ai and Aj are the positions of the satellite at epochs i and j, B is the separation in space, or baseline, between the two measurements and r and rj are the ranges to a target on the surface.
Last Updated on Thu, 09 May 2019	| Oceanography
The GTMBA is built primarily around the Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System (ATLAS) moorings of NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) and TRITON moorings of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). The Schematic diagram of the ATLAS moorings with the locations of different sensors fitted on the buoys and on the moorings is available in PMEL website. These moorings have special attributes that make them a valuable technology for tropical climate studies. In particular, (1) they can be instrumented to measure both upper ocean and surface meteorological variables involved in ocean-atmosphere interactions (2) they provide time series measurements at fine temporal resolution (minutes to hours) to resolve high frequency oceanic and atmospheric fluctuations that would otherwise be aliased into the lower frequency climate signals of primary interest (3) they can be deployed and maintained on a fixed grid of stations, so that measurements do...
Cyclall
Last Updated on Fri, 14 Sep 2018	| Atmospheric Sciences
The schematic diagram of all dataassimilation experiments is shown in Fig. 3, and the experimental domain is shown in Fig. 2(a) with the size of 222 x 128 in a 45 km grid distance. There are a total of 45 full vertical model levels with the n values of 1.0, 0.995, 0.988, 0.98, 0.97, 0.96, 0.945, 0.93, 0.91, 0.89, 0.87, 0.85, 0.82, 0.79, 0.76, 0.73, 0.69, 0.65, 0.61, 0.57, 0.53, 0.49, 0.45, 0.41, 0.37, 0.34, 0.31, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.18, 0.16, 0.14, 0.12, 0.10, 0.082, 0.066, 0.052, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, 0.0. The model top is 30hPa, and the time step is 180 s. The moist physics include the new Kain-Fritsch cumulus parametrization scheme Figure 3. Schematic diagram illustrating the design of data-assimilation experiments. Figure 3. Schematic diagram illustrating the design of data-assimilation experiments.
The particles are floated to the surface and removed by a skimming device to a collection trough for removal from the system. The raw wastewater is brought in contact with a recycled, clarified effluent that has been pressurized through air injection in a pressure tank. The combined flow stream enters the clarification vessel and the release of pressure causes tiny air bubbles to form and ascend to the surface of the water, carrying the suspended particles with their vertical rise. A schematic diagram of the DAF system is shown in Figure 7.
Cavern Closure
Last Updated on Tue, 08 May 2018	| Pollution Prevention
Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the seal, which is the only pathway from the waste-filled caverns at the North Dayton dome to the surface. The seal is placed between the cavern roof and the lowermost cemented steel casing at 1500 ft below the land surface. Properties of the salt-saturated expansive concrete and components of the plug other than salt will provide an excellent seal for the interim period, during which time the permanent salt seal will become effective.
Last Updated on Wed, 27 Mar 2019	| Glacial Erosion | 1 comment
Figure 3.3 Schematic diagram of an ice sheet and valley glacier showing the location of the accumulation zone, the ablation zone and the equilibrium line (the line where accumulation and ablation are equal in any given year). Principal flow paths are also shown. Modified from Sugden and John (1976) Glaciers and Landscape, Edward Arnold, Figure 3.3 Schematic diagram of an ice sheet and valley glacier showing the location of the accumulation zone, the ablation zone and the equilibrium line (the line where accumulation and ablation are equal in any given year). Principal flow paths are also shown. Modified from Sugden and John (1976) Glaciers and Landscape, Edward Arnold,
Last Updated on Tue, 23 Oct 2018	| Glacial Landsystems
Figure 6.7 Schematic diagram showing the distribution of landforms and sediments in landsystem A. The marginal zone consists of a broad, low-relief end moraine composed primarily of basal till over older glacial drift with a cover of supraglacial sediment. The subglacial zone consists of till plain also composed of basal till with few features except for rare flutes. In the subglacial zone supraglacial sediment may be completely absent. Glacifluvial (landsystem E) and glacilacustrine (landsystem F) landforms and sediments fronted this landsystem in the proglacial area or were superimposed on this landsystem during deglaciation. Bedrock in this area only rarely crops out, and glacial deposits are generally greater than 15 m thick. During retreat, ice-marginal zones of landsystem A were superimposed on older landsystems as is shown on the right of the diagram. In the southern Great Lakes region in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio each readvance deposited a wedge-shaped sheet of basal till on...
Sphaeroma Quoianum
Tue, 07 Feb 2017	| Ecosystem Engineering
FIGURE 9.1 Schematic diagrams showing the conversion of a (A) salt marsh, (B) mangrove, and (C) kelp forest to open, unvegetated systems initiated by the burrowing activities of isopods. The burrows of the isopods also create fine-scale habitat for bur-rowing-dwelling organisms. Burrows are depicted as small black lines, and the water surface by a blue dotted line. Despite the different systems, note the similarity of players and processes all systems contain an allogenic engineering (isopod) whose burrowing activities create fine-scale habitat and remove a second, autogenic engineer leading to the conversion of habitat from one state to another. See text for a full explanation. (See color plate.) FIGURE 9.1 Schematic diagrams showing the conversion of a (A) salt marsh, (B) mangrove, and (C) kelp forest to open, unvegetated systems initiated by the burrowing activities of isopods. The burrows of the isopods also create fine-scale habitat for bur-rowing-dwelling organisms. Burrows are...
Macromorphology
Last Updated on Mon, 11 Mar 2019	| Permafrost Soils
Fig. 1.1 Schematic diagram showing a nonsorted circle type of patterned ground with discontinuous and broken cryoturbated soil horizons (y) and oriented stones in the active layer, and ice lenses in the permafrost layer Fig. 1.1 Schematic diagram showing a nonsorted circle type of patterned ground with discontinuous and broken cryoturbated soil horizons (y) and oriented stones in the active layer, and ice lenses in the permafrost layer
Cl3 KjO J Jog H Ct
Last Updated on Wed, 23 Oct 2019	| Industrial Wastes
Chlorination units consist of a chlorination vessel in which the wastewater and the chlorine are brought into contact. In order to provide sufficient mixing, chlorine systems must have a chlorine contact time of 15-30 minutes, after which it must be dechlorinated prior to discharge. A schematic diagram of the systems is presented in Fig. 19.
Last Updated on Sat, 13 Jul 2019	| Water Resources
13.3 Schematic diagram showing Perth's Integrated Water Supply Scheme (IWSS) 190 14.3 Berg River Spatial Equilibrium Model (BRDSEM) schematic diagram 210 14.4 Schematic diagram of the Berg River Basin Upper section 212 14.5 Schematic diagram of Berg River Basin Lower section as depicted in BRDSEM 213
Agricultural Runoff
Thu, 04 Apr 2019	| Constructed Wetlands
Nonpoint runoff from cultivated fields adds pollution to receiving water in the form of sediments and nutrients, particularly phosphorus. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has developed a process for treatment and management of these runoff waters. A schematic diagram of the system is shown in Figure 6.5 components include an underdrained wet meadow, a marsh, and a pond in series. An optional final component is a vegetated polishing area. The combined concept is referred to as a Nutrient Sediment Control System (NSCS) by the NRCS. Several of these systems have been used successfully in northern Maine for treatment of runoff from cultivated fields. The NSCS should not be installed as the sole control system. It should only be used in conjunction with best conservation practices applied for erosion control on the agricultural fields of concern.
Last Updated on Wed, 24 Jul 2019	| Solar Energy
Fig. 3.2 Schematic diagram of an agricultural solar water pumping stand-alone system as an example of PV application. Similar to the air collectors, water collectors are used to heat up the water for various domestic and industrial applications. The domestic water heater generally uses flat plate collectors in parallel connection and runs automatically with the thermosiphon action whereas the industrial water heater uses a number of flat plate collectors in series and the thermo-siphon action does not work in this case and hence it uses a photovoltaic-driven water pump to maintain flow of water inside the water collector. A schematic diagram of a PV T water collector is shown in Fig. 3.3. A DC water pump is used to circulate water as the two flat plate collectors are connected in series. Fig. 3.3 Schematic diagram of a hybrid photovoltaic solar water heater as an example of PV T application. Fig. 3.3 Schematic diagram of a hybrid photovoltaic solar water heater as an example of PV T...
F0AhmL
Mon, 29 Jul 2019	| World Oceans
Where T is the time period over which the average is taken, assumed to be 1 year because of the seasonal cycle wtr is the vertical velocity along the 1-year trajectory and Ahm,L represents the mixed layer depth change accumulated over a 1-year trajectory in Lagrangian coordinates. Thus, this definition includes both the temporal average and the spatial average over a 1-year trajectory. The schematic diagram in Figure 5.27 illustrates this definition for a two-dimensional case. An instrument called a Bobber is released in late winter, when effective detrainment starts at a station. This instrument can be checked continuously by means of acoustic signals. If we were following the instrument, we would see that during the first part of the trajectory effective detrainment takes place, i.e., the mixed layer retreats and leaves stratified water behind. During the second half of the trajectory, mixed layer entrainment takes place and re-takes part of the water which entered the seasonal...
Lidar system
Last Updated on Sat, 04 Jan 2020	| Summer Monsoon
Of 24 m and a temporal resolution of 33 s. The schematic diagram of lidar system is shown in Fig. 1. Details about our lidar studies system can be found in the studies of Nee et al.5 and Chen et al.6 The lidar measures height profile of backscattered signal from aerosols, which are converted into backscattering ratio. The aerosols backscattering ratio, BR, is defined as follows
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Tue, 30 Jul 2019	| Oxygen Requirement
Thus, if wastage is from each bioreactor in proportion to its volume, the SRT will be controlled solely by the total bioreactor volume and the total wastage flow rate, regardless of the MLSS concentration in each bioreactor. Because of its simplicity, this technique will be used in all simulations in this chapter, even though the wastage streams will not be shown in the schematic diagrams to simplify them.
Figure 5.19 (at Schematic diagram showing a disturbance of the upper ocean caused by an abrupt change irt the overlying wind field (b) Such a disturbance may he generated in the western Atlantic and travel eastwards as an eouatoiiai Kelvin wave at the eastern boundary, this splits info two coastal Kelvin waves, which contribute to seasonal upwellmg in the Gulf of Guinea fcf. Figure 5.9).
Wed, 31 Jul 2019	| Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Figure 5.29 is a schematic diagram of a DRIFTS apparatus that has been applied to studying the reactions of the components of sea salt particles with various oxides of nitrogen. As the reactions occur, nitrate, which absorbs strongly in the infrared, is formed on the salt surface. Since the reactant solids do not absorb in the infrared, the increase in nitrate with time can be readily followed and used to obtain reaction probabilities.
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2004-05-30 17:02 UTC Spring 2004 Travelog: Part 5 (Lick Observatory)
The weekend. David had bought himself a Linksys wireless router when we went to Fry's on Friday, and on Saturday he installed it. It was disappointingly easy. Where's the fun if things Just Work? (Actually it turns out it didn't Just Work; the ethernet ports were broken.)
In the afternoon Ben, Kerz, David and I went up to the Lick Observatory on Mount Hamilton. It was a really nice ride with some great views of the valley. I hadn't realised quite how much smog there was here. It's rather scary. I don't remember seeing smog back in Norway.
We were given a nice talk by one of the amateur astronomers lucky enough to get himself a job at the observatory, and then drove back home. On the way, Ben was annoyed by a Toyota driver who was weaving all over his lane.
Yesterday evening David and I went to Andale Taqueria in Palo Alto. I had a small chicken taco. It was good. Today I'm planning to go to San Francisco to meet Bloo and see Shrek 2. Ought to be fun.
The agenda for the workshop is now available. Looks like David and I are going to give a joint presentation tuesday afternoon. We're right before Microsoft, which could be interesting.
I'm very much at a loss as to what to expect from this workshop. On the one hand I really can't see us convincing everyone else that the solution is to continue down the HTML path. After all, it's not in the interests of most of the other attendees. Many of them are wanting to sell SVG, XForms, or XHTML products, and most of those who aren't are probably more concerned with developing a good theoretical solution than addressing the unfortunate pragmatic needs of today's authors.
I guess this is a case of "wait and see".
Jump to Latest 2004-11-11 08:32 UTC - Some notes from Los Santos 2004-11-10 18:30 UTC - Norskkurs: Difficulties 2004-11-07 15:17 UTC - Incredible fun 2004-11-01 19:40 UTC - Quotations: On the relative use of features 2004-10-31 09:13 UTC - SVG 1.2, sources of infinite food, and other ramblings 2004-10-29 19:20 UTC - OS trends? 2004-10-27 22:15 UTC - Multiple background images 2004-10-27 07:26 UTC - Closed shapes and defaults 2004-10-23 18:48 UTC - I'm sorry sir, you are a security risk 2004-10-11 11:53 UTC - Sigh 2004-09-13 23:36 UTC - What I did this summer 2004-08-24 22:28 UTC - Strange spam to W3C lists 2004-08-04 13:40 UTC - Why document.write() doesn't work in XML 2004-07-12 12:24 UTC - Extending HTML 2004-06-29 16:26 UTC - State of the WHAT 2004-06-04 22:20 UTC - Spring 2004 Travelog: Part 9 (Return to Europe) 2004-06-02 06:48 UTC - Spring 2004 Travelog: Part 8 (First Day of the Workshop) 2004-06-01 01:12 UTC - Spring 2004 Travelog: Part 7 (Notes for the Workshop) 2004-05-31 08:15 UTC - Spring 2004 Travelog: Part 6 (San Francisco) 2004-05-30 17:02 UTC - Spring 2004 Travelog: Part 5 (Lick Observatory) 2004-05-29 08:41 UTC - Spring 2004 Travelog: Part 4 (Monopoly) 2004-05-28 19:14 UTC - Spring 2004 Travelog: Part 3 (Poker) 2004-05-28 17:16 UTC - Spring 2004 Travelog: Part 2 (Backwards Compatibility) 2004-05-23 17:31 UTC - Spring 2004 Travelog: Part 1 (Whining) 2004-05-20 12:39 UTC - Web Applications and Compound Documents, IMHO 2004-04-28 15:45 UTC - Server-sent DOM events 2004-04-12 19:27 UTC - Embedding flash without <embed> 2004-04-11 21:12 UTC - Sunny newspaper clipping 2004-04-06 16:41 UTC - Ow 2004-03-28 20:33 UTC - Ramblings from the North 2004-03-12 14:58 UTC - New arch nemesis (still a kind of script, though) 2004-03-05 10:40 UTC - W3C Technical Plenary 2004 2004-02-10 19:28 UTC - OperaShow Generator 2004-02-01 22:19 UTC - Mozbot 2.6 candidate builds 2004-01-27 22:21 UTC - Allowing innovation in obscure parts of specifications 2004-01-22 14:33 UTC - Error handling and XML 2004-01-22 00:09 UTC - Error handling and Web language design 2004-01-18 23:00 UTC - Void filling: Web Applications Language 2004-01-13 10:59 UTC - Confusing spam Start


Below Rail Infrastructure, Engineering, Freight Rail, Passenger Rail, Products & Technology, Technology and IT
Budget should target new projects and upgrades: ARA
Connor Pearce October 1, 2020, 4:05 pm October 1, 2020
New projects and upgrades to existing technology should be considered for funding as part of the federal budget, CEO of the Australasian Railway Association (ARA) Caroline Wilkie has said.
With the budget to be handed down on October 6 and early announcements already coming out, Wilkie said that rail was ready to contribute to Australia's economic recovery.
"There is a significant pipeline of rail investment that could be fast tracked to generate more jobs and opportunity to support our economic recovery," said Wilkie.
"This is work that will make a difference right now while leaving a lasting legacy for the cities and towns that benefit from new rail projects."
A number of rail projects are awaiting federal funding to take the next step. The Melbourne Airport Rail Link will proceed once final funding from the federal government confirmed, as can the resumption of the Murray Basin Rail Project, with a business case sitting with Canberra.
In addition to new construction, funding for technology upgrades such as the Australian Rail Track Corporation's Advanced Train Management System, would provide long term benefits. Infrastructure upgrades such as level crossing removals are another way the federal government's funding to rail would conitrbute to wider economic outcomes.
"At a time where we desperately need more people in jobs and more certainty for those rebounding from the economic hardships of the pandemic, we need to see more projects started sooner to build the country back up again," said Wilkie.
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Development Michael McCormack has indicated that major infrastructure projects will be part of the 2020 budget, however no particular projects have been tipped yet. The federal government has indicated that money allocated to the states for infrastructure will be needed to be spent quickly and may be a condition of further funding.
Advanced Train Management SystemARAARTCAustralasian Railway AssociationBudget 2020Caroline Wilkiemelbourne airport rail linkMurray Basin Rail Project


Jio Fiber Adds Most Wired Broadband Subscribers in September, TRAI Data Shows
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India's (TRAI) latest report shows wired broadband subscribers grew by 3.13 percent in the month of September.
By Vineet Washington | Updated: 4 December 2020 13:47 IST
Jio added 270,000 wired broadband subscribers in September
TRAI shared latest broadband service provider numbers in India
Reliance Jio had 1.52 million wired subscribers by September 30
Bharat Fiber crossed the one million subscribers mark
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India's (TRAI) latest telecom subscription report for September 2020 shows the top five wired and wireless broadband service providers, and as with previous months, BSNL led the wired broadband market with 7.80 million subscribers and Reliance Jio led the wireless segment with 404.13 million users. Notably, the wireless segment includes 4G SIM cards and mobile hotspot dongles. In terms of market share, Reliance Jio captured 55.85 percent of the wired+wireless broadband market while Bharti Airtel was second with 22.86 percent market share. JioFiber broadband service also added over 3 lakh new customers in September 2020 as per the latest data.
According to the latest report by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), as of September 30, the top five wired broadband service providers in the country were BSNL with 7.80 million subscribers, followed by Bharti Airtel at 2.60 million and Atria Convergence Technologies (ACT) at 1.73 million. Reliance Jio came next at 1.52 million followed by Hathway Cable at 1.05 million. For wireless broadband providers, Jio saw 404.13 million as of September 30. Bharti Airtel was at 163.41 million, followed by Vodafone Idea at 119.84 million, BSNL at 17.03 million and Tikona at 0.31 million.
Compared to the previous month, till August 31, the top five wired broadband service providers were BSNL at 7.85 million, Bharti Airtel at 2.53 million, ACT at 1.70 million, Reliance Jio at 1.25 million, and Hathway at 1.03 million. This shows a drop of roughly 50,000 for BSNL, an increase of 70,000 by Airtel, and an increase of 270,000 for Reliance Jio, or rather, Jio Fiber. For the wireless broadband service providers, Reliance Jio was at 402.67 million, Bharti Airtel at 156.45 million, Vodafone Idea at 119.91 million, BSNL at 15.90 million, and Tikona at 0.31 million.
The report shows the wired broadband subscribers grew by 3.13 percent in the month of September, compared to August, to 21.12 million. Mobile device users including phone and dongle users increased by 1.36 percent to 704.57 million. Fixed wireless subscribers including Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Point-to-point radio, and VSAT increased by 0.04 percent to 640,000. Total number of broadband subscribers went from 716.19 million in August to 726.32 million in September.
In terms of wireline or landline (including non-broadband) connections, Reliance Jio added over 3 lakh new customers. This number was significantly higher than all other service providers in the country with Bharti Airtel following with over 66,000 new users. On the other hand, MTNL and BSNL lost subscribers by over 19,000 and over 1.82 lakh respectively. Interestingly, BSNL held the largest market share at 38.55 percent. Reliance Jio captured 10.35 percent of the market while Bharti Airtel was ahead at 21.99 percent. It should be noted that Reliance Jio wireline figures consist of Jio Fiber broadband connections, as Jio does not provide only landline connections. Also, not all ISPs offer dongles and the wireless connection numbers includes 4G, dongles, and hotpots.
In the meanwhile, Bharat Fibre, the Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) service by BSNL, has crossed the one million subscribers mark. Bharat Fibre aka Bharat Fiber was launched in India early last year.
Which is the best TV under Rs. 25,000? We discussed this on Orbital, our weekly technology podcast, which you can subscribe to via Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or RSS, download the episode, or just hit the play button below.
Further reading: TRAI, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, BSNL, Airtel, Jio, Reliance Jio, ACT, Jio Fiber
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New name, other tweaks for former Gold Class Cinemas
Gary Dinges @gdinges
Jun 21, 2011 at 12:01 AM Dec 12, 2018 at 9:12 AM
The former Gold Class Cinemas at the Domain is rolling out a host of changes, including reduced ticket prices for some seats, an expanded food and drink menu — and a new name.
Now known as iPic Theaters, the North Austin cinema is introducing a lower-priced alternative to the $29 tickets offered when it opened a year ago.
For $19 when booked online, moviegoers still get a leather seat but without other amenities such as in-theater food service.
The pricier $29 tickets are still available and include reclining seats, pillows and blankets, popcorn and access to the theater's service staff for the first 20 minutes of each film.
Members of the theater's loyalty club pay lower prices on the Web: $15 and $22.
Both tiers offer the ability to reserve seats at ipictheaters.com.
"This new concept provides more choices and more accessibility for better enjoyment for all," said Mark Mulcahy, the chain's vice president of marketing.
The theater's bar and concession stand have been tweaked, as well, with a new look and a more varied mix of food and drink options.
The Salt Bar has 16 beers by the bottle and 40 bottled wines, according to Mulcahy, and Tanzy Express offers everything from beef skewers to ice cream sandwiches.
The iPic chain has eight theaters across the U.S.
gdinges@statesman; 912-5987
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Markets Adrift Ahead of Key Events
2 years ago 439 views 12 min read
Marc Chandler
Chief Market Strategist
Bannockburn Global Forex
• There has been no follow-through dollar selling after its pre-weekend slippage. Counter-intuitively, the Chinese yuan strengthened further after the reserve requirements were cut at the end of last week.
• China's effort to tighten rules on digital companies offshore IPOs appears to be having the desired effect.
• The surge in Japan's core machine orders (7.8% vs. 2.4% median forecast in Bloomberg's survey) likely reflects China's capex cycle, and is unlikely to deter the BOJ from cutting its GDP projection when it meets at the end of the week.
• ECB President Lagarde suggests new initiatives will be unveiled at this month's meeting (July 22). Separately, the EU has just agreed to postpone its digital tax to secure a global tax deal.
• The US reports June CPI tomorrow and Powell's semiannual testimony before Congress begins Wednesday.
• The Bank of Canada is expected to take another step on its tapering course that had begun in April when it meets on Wednesday. On the same day, Chile is likely to become the third LATAM central bank to raise rates this year.
Overview: The new week has begun quietly. The dollar is drifting a little higher against most major currencies, with the Scandis and dollar-bloc currencies the heaviest. The yen and Swiss franc's resilience seen last week is carrying over. Most liquid and freely accessible emerging market currencies are lower, and the JP Morgan EM currency index, which snapped a four-day drop ahead of the weekend, is trading lower today. It has fallen in three of the past four Mondays. Benchmark 10 year bond yields are softer, with the 10-year Treasury yield off almost three basis points to 1.33%. European yields are 2-3 bp lower. China's 10-year yield is off four basis points and at 2.94% is at a new three-month low, following last week's softer inflation readings and reserve requirement cut. With the prospects of a longer lockdown in Sydney, Australia's 10-year benchmark yield is at a new three-month low (~1.30%). Italy's benchmark yield of 73 bp is also at a new three-month low. The MSCI Asia Pacific equity index snapped a four-day spill, led by the Nikkei's 2.25% gain, its largest in three weeks. Europe's Dow Jones Stoxx 600 that rallied 1.3% before the weekend is little changed with energy, materials, and financial sectors acting as the biggest drags, while utilities, healthcare, and real estate offset. US equity futures are trading lower. Gold is trading inside the pre-weekend range (~$1796-$1812). August WTI rallied 3.25% in the last two sessions but has begun the new week a little heavier. It has held below $75 to straddle the $74 level. The IEA's monthly report is due tomorrow ahead of OPEC's report on Thursday. The US Department of Agriculture world supply and demand report is due out later today. The CRB Index 11-day rally ended at the start of last week, but it recovered the last two sessions for a 1.25% gain.
China has tightened the rules on foreign listings for companies with over one million users as it tightens its cybersecurity rules. ByteDance's planned IPO is an early victim. It seems clear that China's effort is about control of personal data. The move also represents the rising power of the Cyberspace Administration of China, a new intra-agency creation. It, coupled with new rigorous antitrust efforts, signals a new phase for Beijing. On top of this, the PBOC's 50 bp cut in required reserves last week took the market by surprise. Most of the funds freed up (~$155 bln) will be used to repay the medium-term lending facility and upcoming tax payments. Yet to be seen is the pressure to lend to smaller businesses, which some observers anticipate. China is expected to report June trade figures tomorrow ahead of the Q2 GDP figures on July 15 in Beijing.
The capex cycle in China continues, and this may be the takeaway from the 7.8% surge in Japan's core machinery orders, which were three times more than the median forecast in Bloomberg's survey projected. The highlight of the week, though, is the BOJ meeting that concludes at the end of the week. The BOJ may downgrade growth forecasts as Tokyo is in its fourth formal state of emergency (until August 22). The BOJ is also expected to announce new support for green lending, including possibly purchasing green bonds.
The dollar is in a narrow range against the Japanese yen. With a few minor exceptions, it has largely been confined to a JPY110.00-JPY110.20 range. It needs to get above JPY110.35 to lift the tone. With the lockdown in Sydney set to be extended, the Australian dollar remains on the defensive. For the third consecutive session, upticks have stalled in front of $0.7500, where a nearly A$790 mln option is set to expire today. On the downside, initial support has been found near $0.7460. A break of $0.7440 would warn a return to last week's low for the year near $0.7410. The unexpected cut in China's reserve requirements did not weigh on the yuan in offshore trading before the weekend, and the onshore yuan ticked up today to post its first back-to-back gain since June 24-25. Indeed, the dollar fell to a three-day low near CNY6.4700. The PBOC's reference rate for the dollar was set at CNY6.4785, a wider than normal miss of the median projection in Bloomberg's survey (CNY6.4766).
The ECB's July 22 meeting is back in play. It had been seen as a subdued event that would mostly be focused on the new inflation target (symmetrical 2% target that could be overshot) that will, in an unspecified period, begin to incorporate owner-occupied housing costs. However, comments by ECB President Lagarde suggested other changes may be forthcoming from the upcoming meeting. These may include some discussion of new measures next year, an initiation of a formal exploratory phase for a digital currency, and a more structure around the ECB's climate change considerations.
The G20 finance ministers endorsed the OECD's tax reform proposals, but all is not well. First, there continues to be tension over some European countries' (and Canada's) digital tax proposals. The effort to share tax revenues was to address it, but as US Treasury Secretary Yellen has acknowledged, it is proceeding slower than the effort to adopt a minimum 15% tax. Second, the IMF's Managing Director Georgieva has come out hard against the EU's carbon border tax plan, calling it protectionistic. Third, German Chancellor Merkel visits the White House later this week and will likely get an earful about the Nord Stream II pipeline with Russia that could be operational before the end of the year.
The euro held the $1.1880 level and is consolidating after the two-day recovery off the three-month low set last week near $1.1780. Buyers emerging near $1.1855 today, but a move above $1.1900 is needed to bolster sentiment. The momentum indicators on the daily charts have turned higher. Sterling settled last week a touch above $1.39 for its highest close in two weeks. However, follow-through buying was limited (to $1.3910), and a consolidative tone is evident. It has found initial support ahead of $1.3850. Here too, the momentum indicators have turned higher on the daily bar charts. Nearby resistance is seen near $1.3940.
Yellen has suggested that the 15% minimum corporate tax could be included in the fast-track budget bill and not require bipartisan support. That said, it is not immediately evident that the moderate Democrats will support it. The effort to redistribute taxation rights of the largest 100 multinational companies is on a somewhat slower track. As an international treaty, it appears to require 2/3 of the Senate to approve it. This seems like a stretch especially ahead of the midterm elections in November 2022. It is partly this understanding of the prospects in the US that Europe seems reluctant to give up its digital tax proposals.
The US reports June CPI figures tomorrow ahead of the Beige Book on Wednesday and Fed Chair Powell's semiannual testimony before Congress on Wednesday. The US reports PPI, industrial production, and retail sales this week, alongside the July Empire State and Philadelphia manufacturing surveys. The US Treasury will sell $120 bln in coupons and quarterly earnings kick-off with several banks and Alcoa this week.
The Bank of Canada meets Wednesday. The 230k jump in employment reported before the weekend, even though all of the job gains were in part-time positions, was seen as sufficient to allow the central bank to continue with its tapering efforts, which begun in April. The Bank of Canada is buying C$3 bln a week in federal bonds and is seen likely reducing it to C$2 bln and then slowing down further in Q4. Elsewhere, Chile's central bank meets on Wednesday. It is likely to become the third LATAM central bank to raise rates this year after Brazil has taken several steps and Mexico surprised last month with a 25 bp hike. Mexico reports May industrial output figures today, the main data point of the week. A modest gain is expected after production slipped by 0.2% in April.
The Canadian dollar gained 0.7% after the employment data and settled on its session highs ahead of the weekend. However, follow-through gains have not materialized, and the US dollar found support near CAD1.2450 and is testing CAD1.25 near midday in Europe, which is the (38.2%) retracement target of the greenback's retreat from the CAD1.2590 high on July 8. The next retracement (50%) is seen near CAD1.2520. The daily momentum indicators are stretched but have yet to turn down. Similarly, the US dollar settled on the session lows against the Mexican peso ahead of the weekend (~MXN19.85). Again, there has been no follow-through selling, and the dollar has bounced to meet the (38.2%) retracement objective near MXN19.97. The (50%) retracement is a little above MXN20.00.
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