Home/Policy Briefs
As Colorado Christian University's think tank, we draw on the expertise of CCU Faculty, Centennial Institute Fellows, and other skilled policy analysts to provide background and recommendations on current issues facing policymakers in Colorado and the nation. We do not lobby on specific bills or take sides in elections for candidates and ballot questions.
The Centennial Institute Policy Briefs are distributed online and on paper, free of charge, to a wide audience of citizens, public officials, journalists, and thought-leaders – Americans who can make a difference.
Policy Brief No. 2016-1 * 2016-08-24 06:02:53
Suicide By Doctor: What Colorado Would Risk on the Slippery Slope of Physician-Assisted Suicide
By Michael Norton and Natalie Decker
Editor: Following the lead of five other states and several foreign countries, proponents in Colorado this year are seeking both legislation and a ballot initiative to allow a physician to assist with a patient's suicide. If such a measure became law, it would invert the doctor's time honored role from the sacred duty of sustaining life to the ghoulish power of terminating it. Centennial Institute asked two respected attorneys formerly with our sister organization Alliance Defending Freedom and now with the Colorado Freedom Institute, for a legal and ethical analysis of what is at stake as both the Colorado General Assembly and citizens of Colorado confront this issue. Here is their report.
Read the Policy Brief
Our Unwelcoming Welcome Mat: The Case for Immigration Simplification
By Helen Raleigh
Editor: No matter what comes of the showdown between the President and Congress over how to deal with the millions of foreigners illegally present in this country, two great questions will remain if the United States is to continue in global leadership: How can America live up to our self-understanding as a beacon of liberty and opportunity to the world? How can we counter falling birthrates to maintain a workforce that can drive the economic growth and tax revenues needed for our social contract between the generations? The answer: Only by offering an open door for the right people in the right numbers wishing to immigrate here. Finally, here's a practical plan for immigration simplification is based on the core American principles of equal treatment, rule of law, and self-reliance.
The Big Deal: How Marijuana Endangers Young People and What Policymakers Should Do
By Christian Thurstone, MD
Editor: When Coloradans in 2012 approved Amendment 64, a constitutional provision legalizing marijuana for optional (miscalled "recreational") use by people 21 and older, they moved the state into uncharted waters for medical and social impacts from this high-potency chemical. The experiment set in motion new and very serious challenges to the protection of public health and safety – specifically that of children and youth. Here are the cold facts, medically documented, about those dangers, along with a six-point damage control agenda for policymakers. It all starts with the oft-invoked but in this case overlooked axiom: Put children first.
Endangered R Us: Unintended Consequences of the Endangered Species Act, 1973-2013
By By Kent Holsinger
Editor: Editor: The U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) is the world's most powerful environmental law. Bureaucratically complex, beset with litigation, gamed by activists, the ESA's mandate for species protection "whatever the cost" abounds with adverse unintended consequences. Americans have wakened to realize that under ESA some of our own cherished values such as private property and economic growth are as endangered as any bug, bird, mouse, or minnow. Energy resources, agricultural productivity, and access to public lands are hindered by ESA, with untold billions in costs. Colorado case studies of the Preble's mouse and the greater sage grouse illustrate these impacts. Kent Holsinger, a leading authority on the intricacies and burdens of ESA, argues for rethinking the law's operation from a cost-benefit standpoint. Practical solutions such as programmatic compliance and market-based mitigation offer an exit from endless expensive regulation at undetermined benefit.
Policy Brief No. Comparative Counties Study * 2014-03-20 15:59:37
GRASSROOTS GOVERNMENT IN COLORADO
By Centennial Institute Staff
Editor: Editor: Following upon widespread discontent among rural Coloradans in 2013, leading to talk of secession and heightened interest in political decentralization, Weld County's board of commissioners engaged a Centennial Institute research team to compile and analyze comparative data on Weld's governance and public administration, economic and fiscal condition, and citizen attitudes, relative to those in five other Colorado counties similarly situated: Larimer, Boulder, El Paso, Pueblo, and Mesa. Findings and recommendations are spelled out in this 100-page study. Our charge was to give Weld commissioners an assessment of how well they are performing, why performance is good or not, what steps they might take to improve where needed, and whether their model may be transferable to other counties. The research team concluded that Weld County's performance of its governmental mission compares very favorably with peer counties on most objective measurements, and that Weld residents subjectively register more satisfaction with life in the county than Coloradans in other locales. As for transferability, the team judged the Weld model as one that "local governments everywhere would do well to replicate."
The Hydraulic Fracturing Primer: Base Energy Regulation on Facts, not Fear
Editor: Editor: Here is a factual counterweight to the waves of unfavorable media and advocacy stirring up fear about the process of extracting oil and gas from the ground through the method known as hydraulic fracturing or "fracking." Waves of propaganda have fostered a broad negative perception of fracking. Voters in four Colorado cities have banned fracking as a result, with a statewide ban projected in 2014. To remedy the dearth of factual information reaching the public, this policy brief details the history, methods, and chemistry involved in fracking. There is authoritative information about the drilling, amounts and composition of water used, the depths of wells away from water tables, and the safeguards in place. The primer compiles solid evidence to help allay Americans' widespread but utterly misplaced concerns about water and air pollution risks associated with hydraulic fracturing.
Medical Direct Pay: How States Can Start Improving Health Care Right Now
By Frank D. Francone
Editor: Editor: Despite gridlock on health care nationally, states can take one immediate step to address the cost and quality of care for everyone. Arizona showed the way when it passed an innovative medical "direct pay" law. Direct pay means that a patient pays the doctor or hospital directly. The provider need not claim reimbursement by a third party. The patient, if insured, is responsible for collection of reimbursement. The Arizona law fully legalizes direct pay and requires health care providers and facilities to make available to the public, their direct pay prices for their top 25 or 50 services. Anticipated benefits, in Arizona as the law took effect this year and in Colorado or other states that may follow suit next year, include placing downward pressure on medical prices, assisting those who become victims of the ACA (Obamacare) when their insurance is cancelled, and pointing the way beyond ACA to a better health care system in the future.
Bad Bargain: How Renewable Energy Mandates Pick your Pocket
By Kelly Sloan
Editor: Editor: The fading fad for state Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) has accomplished little but the transfer of vast sums of money from consumers to favored industries. Average electric rates in the 30 states with enforceable mandates for wind and solar are 21% higher than in the states without such mandates. Higher unemployment in a state appears to be correlated with higher electric rates, which in turn are often correlated with enforceable mandates. Between 2003 and 2012, residential electric rates rose nationally by 36%, half again as fast as the inflation rate at 24.8%, hurting poor people the most. Despite all the mandates, subsidies, tax breaks, and loan guarantees, wind and solar accounted for barely 4% of total U.S. electrical generation in 2012. Electricity generated by wind and solar will always cost more because of intermittent availability, geographic limitations, and impracticality of storage.
You Want Affordable Care? Common Sense from a Practicing Physician
By Dr. Jill Q. Vecchio, MD
Editor: Editor: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, President Obama's prescription for reforming American health care, could not be more misleadingly named. As the public is beginning to realize, with its full implementation now upon us, the PPACA law neither protects patients – who face rationing, shortages, and delays – nor guarantees affordable care. It only guarantees higher premiums, higher taxes, and worst of all, degradation of care for many in the most vulnerable groups – older people under Medicare and lower-income people under Medicaid. And now Colorado is about to further overburden its already dysfunctional Medicaid system by massively expanding the rolls with what is perceived as "free money" under PPACA. This policy brief is an attempt to step back and see the big picture on what has made health care unaffordable to so many, and how we can start making it more affordable once again – especially for America's poor.
Weapons of Mass Obstruction: How the Environmental Lobby Stymies Energy Production and Hurts America
Editor: Editor: The militant environmental lobby has developed a successful playbook for using legal strategies to deny, delay, and deter energy production on public lands in Colorado. Known as "the Colorado Model," it is now being applied across the country. Its impact is to curtail domestic energy production, slow the onset of American energy independence, block job creation and economic growth, and drive up costs for both consumers and taxpayers. This policy brief looks three case studies of the model at work in western Colorado, illustrating how the environmental lobby deploys its "weapons of mass obstruction." We conclude with a menu of recommended policy solutions.
By Much Better Schools on Much Lower Budgets
Editor: Editor: Colorado public education is the most important communal undertaking for our state's future. It is also the most expensive obligation for taxpayers. But as we enter 2011, education faces both a budget crisis and an identity crisis. Legislators will take up another round of unwelcome spending reductions come January. At the same time, school districts from the gritty urban neigh-borhoods of Montbello to the affluent greenbelts of Douglas County are mired in controversy over the very meaning of education. Centennial Institute asked former Education Commissioner William Moloney, who was Colorado's chief state school officer under Democratic and Republican administrations from 1997 to 2007 and has worked on education policy in a number of other states and nations, to think outside the box about realistic solutions. Here are his analysis and recommendations.
No Political Oversight of Private Colleges
By Krista Kafer
Editor: Abstract: Should private colleges and universities be subjected to adversarial oversight by politicians in 50 state capitals? The Education Department is set to mandate more government control over a private-sector accreditation process that has served higher education well. To what purpose? The new regulations offer little benefit to these institutions, their students, or the taxpayers. Abuses by a few unethical, for-profit colleges do not justify a power grab against 6,000 nonprofit schools. If states politicize their authorization process, colleges may face the choice of compromising their mission or closing their doors. In a nation founded on the free exchange of ideas, that's wrong. Policymakers should withdraw the proposed regulations.
Recent Briefs


Titles Non Fiction
Oriente Medio, Oriente roto
Children & YA
Middle East, Broken East
Original title: Oriente Medio, Oriente roto
Mikel Ayestaran
Category: Non-Fiction | Current Affairs
When Mikel Ayestaran decided to become a war reporter, leaving behind a peaceful job in the newsroom, he had few doubts about where his path would take him. The Middle East isn't the only hot zone on the planet, but it is the one that is never absent from international coverage in worldwide media. Marked by profound ethnic, political, and religious divisions, it is a region where world powers and local regimes settle scores through third-party states while terrorist groups like Al Qaida and ISIS have flourished into authentic worldwide threats.
Following a baptism by fire in Iran, during the Bam Earthquake, Ayestaran has traveled from his base in Jerusalem to Lebanon, Georgia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, Tunis, and Lybia. Not to mention Syria. Living, suffering, trying to understand and retell all that happens there has become the center of Mikel Ayestaran's life since he arrived in the Middle East more than a decade ago. And it is the raison d'être for this book, built up from fragments of a nomad's life guided by the compass of the present through a region that is bleeding like an enormous open wound.
Oriente Medio, Oriente roto videos
Selecciona un Booktrailer
Colección Odiseas - Península
Booktrailer Las cenizas del califato | Mikel Ayestaran
A journalist on the front line of the biggest and most painful front of the planet.
Publishing date: 2017/06/06 | 304 pages | ISBN: 978-84-9942-611-2 | Imprint: Ediciones Península
Other titles of the author
The Ashes of the Caliphate


History and Philosophy of Science Seminar
School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science event Wednesday 11 March 2020
Date: Wednesday 11 March 2020, 15:15 – 17:00
Dr Adrian Currie's topic is TBA
Dr Adrian Currie is a Philosopher of Palaeontology and Archaeology, Lecturer at the University of Exeter and recent winner of the 2019 Ferdinando Gil Prize for his book 'Rock, bone and ruin: An optimist's guide to the Historical Sciences.
The research seminar of the Centre for History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Leeds runs fortnightly during term time.
See all School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science events
African Knowledges of Health
School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science - Thursday 21 January 2021
School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science - Wednesday 27 January 2021
Philosophy and AI workshop
School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science - Thursday 4 February 2021


The Dignity of Man An Islamic Perspective (HardBack)
The Dignity of Man: An Islamic Perspective provides the most detailed study to date on the subject of the dignity of man from the perspective of Islam. M H Kamali sets out the proclamations on human dignity found in the Qur'an and then discusses topics pertaining to or resulting from human dignity: the physical and spiritual nobility of man; God's love for humanity; the sanctity of life; and the necessity for freedom, equality and accountability. Finally, the author examines the measures that the Shariah has taken to protect human dignity and to promote it in social interaction. The discussion is here presented in the light of the debate on the universality of human rights as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This book goes a long way towards exploring an alternative to Western concepts of human rights. The Dignity of Man: An Islamic Perspective is part of a series of studies on fundamental rights and liberties in Islam and should be read with its companion volumes of Freedom, Equality and Justice in Islam, and Freedom of Expression in Islam.
Dr Mohammad Hashim Kamali is Professor of Law at the International Islamic University Malaysia where he has been teaching Islamic law and jurisprudence since 1985. Among his other works published by The Islamic Texts Society are: Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, Freedom of Expression in Islam, Islamic Commercial Law, and Freedom, Equality and Justice in Islam.
Publisher: Islamic Text Society
Author: Muhammad Hisham Kamali
Arabic Course for English Speaking
Dehnal Oudh Mubakhar
Bakhoor Mulhum
New York Shalwar Kameez


Police seize guns and drugs at Duncan property. (Citizen file photo)
Police seize drugs, guns at Duncan property
One man taken into custody
A number of guns and a quantity of drugs were seized after the RCMP executed a search warrant at a property in Duncan on Sept. 7.
The North Cowichan/Duncan RCMP Street Crime Unit searched the property on Alexander Street following a drug-related investigation that spanned several months.
Officers with the Vancouver Island Integrated Emergency Response Team and Police Dog Services also assisted in executing the warrant in the early morning hours, and a 37-year-old man from the Hope, B.C. area was taken into custody without incident.
The RCMP found 13 ounces of suspected fentanyl at the site, as well as six ounces of suspected cocaine, 34 ounces of suspected methamphetamine and more than 230 prescribed medication pills.
In addition, officers seized a 12-gauge shotgun, .45 calibre replica handgun, two conducted-energy weapons (tasers) and body armour.
"Along with the obvious visible issues around drug abuse in the community, any time individuals and groups involved in the drug trade choose to move into new areas, the risk of violence increases," said Corp. Trevor March from the North Cowichan/Duncan RCMP Street Crime Unit.
"Maintaining pressure against these groups to curb their activity will remain a priority of the Street Crime Unit and collectively as a detachment. Investigators will be working closely with federal Crown counsel to secure charges and convictions on this matter."
Anyone with information is asked to contact the North Cowichan/Duncan RCMP at 250-748-5522
Funeral march and service at Olympic Oval for Const. Shaelyn Yang: RCMP
Record share of Canadians are immigrants or permanent residents, census shows


News|Climate Crisis
Oman's monsoon has arrived
Salalah's green season has arrived and will be around for three months
A monsoon cloud hovers over southern Oman [Eumetsat]
By Rob McElwee
Published On 22 Jun 201622 Jun 2016
Salalah is one of those rare places in the Arabian Peninsula that experiences a monsoon season. It is called Khareef and lasts, roughly, from late June to early September. Khareef means "autumn" in Arabic, but it is used to refer to monsoon in Salalah.
"It rained in the morning, and still the skies are cloudy," Bader Ali Al Baddaei told The Times of Oman. He was referring to Salalah in the Dhofar region of Oman. (Bader is an administrator of www.rthmc.net, a local web-based forum that monitors the weather)
According to Bader, in addition to rain, low-lying fog and mist have blanketed many parts of Salalah, especially in the Sarfeet area. Basil Peter, an official at Salalah Port, said: "I got drenched in rain. The climate is perfect here."
He was not being sarcastic. During this time, the brown landscape of Salalah and its surroundings are completely transformed to a beautiful and lush green, and locals and tourists alike flock to the area to take advantage.
The Southwest Monsoon arrived late in India this year, but in the last 24 hours it has surged northwards. This prompted a sudden influx of cloud and humidity over southern Oman.
While the temperature in Oman's northeast hovers around 46C and the sun beats down, Salalah has now dipped below 30C. Humidity is high and will usually be above 90 percent both day and night.
The plain upon which Salalah sits is dampened by mist and drizzle at this time of the year. In both July and August, Slalah's average rainfall is 25mm. The escarpment that surrounds the plain and rises to the Dhofar Plateau catches the clouds and can double the amount of rain that falls. This is what makes Salalah so green.


DAR honors student essay winners
Asa Laws
Photos courtesy of Mary Less Bailey Shelton, Daughters of the American Revolution, Doña Ana Chapter
Left to right are DAR Doña Ana Chapter American History chair Bonnie Poloner, teacher Rose Mitchell, DAR essay contest fifth-grade winner Roma Subedi and DAR Doña Ana Chapter Regent Linda Bartlett.
Daughters of the American Revolution, Doña Ana Chapter member Bonnie Poloner awards Mia Homsi her DAR American history essay certificate.
Posted Friday, February 25, 2022 12:53 pm
By Mary Lee Bailey Shelton, Vice Regent Daughters of the American Revolution, Doña Ana Chapter
Stepping into the imaginary shoes of families who suffered unimaginable loss, two Las Cruces middle school students have penned their way to statewide distinction.
Sierra Middle School seventh-grader Mia Homsi and Mesilla Valley Leadership Academy eighth-grader Asa Laws won first place state honors for their grade levels in the New Mexico Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) annual American History Essay Contest. The Las Cruces students will read their essays aloud April 2 at the DAR state conference in Albuquerque.
University Hills Elementary School fifth-grader Roma Subedi's essay won first place in Las Cruces for her grade level.
The state DAR honors annually the best essays in grades five through eight. All New Mexico chapter winners from each grade are judged at the state level. State winners are entered in the national competition.
This year's topic, The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, honors the 100-year anniversary of the tomb's establishment.
To write her award-winning essay Mia Homsi said she imagined her adored two older brothers being lost in World War II.
"It was very hard to think of never seeing them again," she recalled of her essay's inspiration. "I tried to think of what my outlook would be. I would be proud that my brothers fought for the people, but so sad if they were lost. I would never be the same."
"The essay gave me a whole new box in my mind," she said. "I never thought of this before. I never even heard of The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier."
Mia said language arts and history are favorite subjects.
"I love to write, and history is intriguing," Mia said. "To think that people actually went through this, how hard it was for them, how much they did for us, and how different we are now because of what they did for us…it's very remarkable."
Asa Laws also said he was unaware that there was a Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. He agreed that it is "a super interesting topic."
Asa created his essay voice as a World War I veteran fighting alongside his brother. His character survived; the brother was lost and unaccounted for.
The assignment forced Asa to think about disappearing from the world and your family not knowing how or when. "I know I wouldn't want that to happen to me," he said.
Asa said he was fascinated that the tomb was guarded 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year.
"No hurricane, tornado, or flood can drive these valiant soldiers from their post guarding the deceased unknown soldier who gave their life for our country," Asa wrote in his essay.
Roma Subedi had heard of WWI and of the unknown soldier's tomb, but writing the essay taught her a lot "about the place where people who have given their lives for our freedom are represented."
Roma said she did not know about the food and water shortages in the WWI theater and learned that our soldiers didn't have much to live on.
A passionate reader of realistic fiction, Roma said that she plans to be a doctor. After researching and writing the DAR essay, she said she would like to be a doctor for veterans. She hopes there will not be another war for the United States, but if there is, she wants to serve as a doctor on the battlefield.
DAR's American History Essay Contest was established to encourage young people to think creatively about our nation's great history and learn about history in a new light. Essays are judged for historical accuracy, adherence to the topic, organization of materials, interest, originality, spelling, grammar, punctuation, and neatness.
Doña Ana DAR American History Chapter Chair Bonnie Poloner and member Cathy Hollar coordinated the Las Cruces essay contest. Judges were retired history teacher Kathy Fox, National DAR Historic Preservation Medal winner Sally Kading and history buff Bill Kinsella.
DAR is a nonprofit, non-political volunteer women's service organization dedicated to promoting patriotism, preserving American history and securing America's future through better education for children. Any woman 18 years or older-regardless of race, religion, or ethnic background who can prove lineal descent from a patriot of the American Revolution, is eligible for membership.
More than a million women have joined DAR since it was founded more than 125 years ago.
For information on how to join DAR, contact Dona Ana chapter's registrar Carol McIntyre at carol.mcintyre55@gmail.com.
Visit donaanadar.com.


Africa This Week: August 29, 2022
Last Updated: September 6, 2022 by 21votes
A weekly review of news and analysis of elections in Africa, usually posted on Mondays and occasionally updated throughout the week.
The Fortaleza de São Miguel, built in 1576, and the skyline of Luanda, Angola. Photo credit: Wikimedia/David Stanley (CC BY 2.0)
Somaliland Presidential Election: November 13, 2022
Mohamed Dhaysane, Voice of America (August 25, 2022): Attacks Increase Against Somaliland Media
Nigeria General Elections: February 18, 2023
Uche Igwe, Observer Research Foundation (August 24, 2022): Nigeria's worsening security situation may jeopardise the 2023 elections
Reuters (August 24, 2022): Insecurity: 2023 elections may not hold, political parties council warns
Zimbabwe General Elections: July 2023
Jeffrey Moyo, Mail and Guardian (August 30, 2022): Rise in attacks on journalists and opposition activists in Zimbabwe ahead of elections
Kitsepile Nyathi, The East African (August 26, 2022): Four Zimbabwean journalists attacked as political violence escalates
Privilege Musvanhiri and Annabelle Steffes-Halmer, DW (August 24, 2022): Author and activist Tsitsi Dangarembga's trial reflects repression in Zimbabwe
Democratic Republic of the Congo Presidential and Legislative Elections: December 2023 (due)
Anna Sylvestre-Treiner, The Africa Report (August 26, 2022): DRC: Is Félix Tshisekedi standing all alone in 2023?
South Africa General Elections: May 2024
Antony Sguazzin, Bloomberg (August 29, 2022): South Africa's Ruling ANC to Win 2024 Vote Even as City Support Plunges, Survey Shows
Ray Mwareya, The Africa Report (August 26, 2022): South Africa: Shock poll shows ANC heading towards 2024 coalition
Chad Elections: TBD, following coup
Africanews with AFP (August 29, 2022): Chad's "National Dialogue": election of presidium members stormy
AFP (August 27, 2022): Chad Rebels Say Killed 10 Soldiers, Government Denies Claim
Helga Dickow, The Conversation (August 25, 2022): Chad is making a huge effort to find peace: Chadians aren't convinced it will work
Angola General Elections: August 24, 2022
AP (August 30, 2022): Angolan opposition UNITA rejects ruling party's election win: Angola's opposition party has filed a complaint against the election victory of the ruling MPLA party in which President Joao Lourenco won a second term and the party got a reduced majority in the legislature
Stephanie Busari and Nimi Princewill, CNN, (August 29, 2022): Angola's ruling party extends 47-year streak with election win
BBC (August 29, 2022): Angola election: The MPLA defeats Unita in closest-ever election
Gabriele Steinhauser, Wall Street Journal (August 25, 2022): Angola's Debt to China Looms as Nation Holds Tight Elections: Vote in sub-Saharan Africa's second-largest oil-producing country could challenge nearly five decades of one-party rule
Kenya General Elections: August 9, 2022
Duncan Miriri, Reuters (August 30, 2022): Kenya's top court to rule on hacking allegations, votes disparity in election dispute
Juma Majanga, Voice of America (August 30, 2022): Experts: Challenges to Kenya Presidential Poll Results Have Improved Election Integrity
Faustine Ngila, Quartz Africa (August 26, 2022): Court petitions allege hackers manipulated Kenya's presidential poll results
Agnes Aineah, Association for Catholic Information in Africa (August 25, 2022): Catholic Church in Kenya Urged to Address "entrenched" Tribalism Influencing Elections
The Diplomat (August 25, 2022): What Kenya's Presidential Election Means for China's Belt and Road Initiative: The country's president-elect has promised to review and renegotiate the opaque BRI contracts brokered by the previous government.
Nic Cheeseman, The Elephant (August 24, 2022): Four Reasons Why Raila Odinga Struggled in the 2022 Kenyan Elections
Washington Post (August 24, 2022): Why did Kenyans elect Ruto as president? What looks superficially like a normal election was filled with contradictions, intrigue, double-crossing and surprise shifts in ethnic loyalties
The Guardian (August 24, 2022): Kenya elections bring new wave of female leaders to the fore: Record win for women is a cause for celebration as acrimony over the presidency continues
Antony Sguazzin, Bloomberg (August 26, 2022): Next Africa: Is the Shine Fading for the Liberation Parties?
Shola Lawal, Coda Story (August 25, 2022): Russian trolls and mercenaries win allies and good will in Africa: As French troops leave Mali to jeers, the West fears that it is leaving a vacuum that the Kremlin is eager and ready to fill
Phillip van Niekerk, Daily Maverick (August 25, 2022): Wagner Group: Putin's grim reapers giving mercenaries a bad name, now embedded in Africa
Africa Elections Coming Up in 2022 and 2023
Sao Tome and Principe Legislative Elections: September 25, 2022
Lesotho Parliamentary Elections: October 7, 2022
Central African Republic Local Elections: September 2022 (delayed – no new date set)
Equatorial Guinea Legislative and Local Elections: November 2022 (due)
Guinea-Bissau Snap Parliamentary Elections: December 18, 2022
Djibouti Legislative Elections: February 2023
Nigeria Gubernatorial Elections in Most States: March 2023 (due)
South Sudan General Elections: By March 2023 (tentative)
Sierra Leone Presidential Election: June 24, 2023
Eswatini Parliamentary Elections: August 2023 (due)
Gabon Presidential Election: August 2023 (due)
Mauritania Parliamentary Elections: September 2023 (due)
Gabon Legislative Elections: October 2023 (due)
Liberia Presidential and Legislative Elections: October 2023 (due)
Nigeria, Gubernatorial Elections in Kogi and Bayelsa States: November 2023 (due)
Madagascar Presidential Election: November 2023 (due)
Togo Legislative and Regional Elections: December 2023 (due)
Côte d'Ivoire Local Elections: 2023
Chad General Elections: TBD, following coup
Burkina Faso Elections: TBD, following coup
Guinea Elections: TBD, following coup
Category: This Week Tags: Angola, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, Somaliland, South Africa, Zimbabwe
← Americas This Week: August 27, 2022
Middle East This Week: August 30, 2022 →


MONROE NC FAMILY LAW
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Child Support in NC
Child Support in NC is determined based on the number of overnights a child spends with each parent. Assuming one parent has primary custody then Worksheet A is used. If the parents shared custody arrangement close to equal number of overnights then Worksheet B is used.
The NC Child Support Guidelines makes determining child support relatively easy assuming the income of the parties can be ascertained. The main factors used by the guidelines include the income of each parent, the number the children, daycare expenses, and health insurance expenses.
§ 50-13.4. Action for support of minor child.
(a) Any parent, or any person, agency, organization or institution having custody of a minor child, or bringing an action or proceeding for the custody of such child, or a minor child by his guardian may institute an action for the support of such child as hereinafter provided.
(b) In the absence of pleading and proof that the circumstances otherwise warrant, the father and mother shall be primarily liable for the support of a minor child. In the absence of pleading and proof that the circumstances otherwise warrant, parents of a minor, unemancipated child who is the custodial or noncustodial parent of a child shall share this primary liability for their grandchild's support with the minor parent, the court determining the proper share, until the minor parent reaches the age of 18 or becomes emancipated. If both the parents of the child requiring support were unemancipated minors at the time of the child's conception, the parents of both minor parents share primary liability for their grandchild's support until both minor parents reach the age of 18 or become emancipated. If only one parent of the child requiring support was an unemancipated minor at the time of the child's conception, the parents of both parents are liable for any arrearages in child support owed by the adult or emancipated parent until the other parent reaches the age of 18 or becomes emancipated. In the absence of pleading and proof that the circumstances otherwise warrant, any other person, agency, organization or institution standing in loco parentis shall be secondarily liable for such support. Such other circumstances may include, but shall not be limited to, the relative ability of all the above-mentioned parties to provide support or the inability of one or more of them to provide support, and the needs and estate of the child. The judge may enter an order requiring any one or more of the above-mentioned parties to provide for the support of the child as may be appropriate in the particular case, and if appropriate the court may authorize the application of any separate estate of the child to his support. However, the judge may not order support to be paid by a person who is not the child's parent or an agency, organization or institution standing in loco parentis absent evidence and a finding that such person, agency, organization or institution has voluntarily assumed the obligation of support in writing. The preceding sentence shall not be construed to prevent any court from ordering the support of a child by an agency of the State or county which agency may be responsible under law for such support.
The judge may order responsible parents in a IV-D establishment case to perform a job search, if the responsible parent is not incapacitated. This includes IV-D cases in which the responsible parent is a noncustodial mother or a noncustodial father whose affidavit of parentage has been filed with the court or when paternity is not at issue for the child. The court may further order the responsible parent to participate in work activities, as defined in 42 U.S.C. § 607, as the court deems appropriate.
(c) Payments ordered for the support of a minor child shall be in such amount as to meet the reasonable needs of the child for health, education, and maintenance, having due regard to the estates, earnings, conditions, accustomed standard of living of the child and the parties, the child care and homemaker contributions of each party, and other facts of the particular case. Payments ordered for the support of a minor child shall be on a monthly basis, due and payable on the first day of each month. The requirement that orders be established on a monthly basis does not affect the availability of garnishment of disposable earnings based on an obligor's pay period.
The court shall determine the amount of child support payments by applying the presumptive guidelines established pursuant to subsection (c1) of this section. However, upon request of any party, the Court shall hear evidence, and from the evidence, find the facts relating to the reasonable needs of the child for support and the relative ability of each parent to provide support. If, after considering the evidence, the Court finds by the greater weight of the evidence that the application of the guidelines would not meet or would exceed the reasonable needs of the child considering the relative ability of each parent to provide support or would be otherwise unjust or inappropriate the Court may vary from the guidelines. If the court orders an amount other than the amount determined by application of the presumptive guidelines, the court shall make findings of fact as to the criteria that justify varying from the guidelines and the basis for the amount ordered.
Payments ordered for the support of a child shall terminate when the child reaches the age of 18 except:
(1) If the child is otherwise emancipated, payments shall terminate at that time;
(2) If the child is still in primary or secondary school when the child reaches age 18, support payments shall continue until the child graduates, otherwise ceases to attend school on a regular basis, fails to make satisfactory academic progress towards graduation, or reaches age 20, whichever comes first, unless the court in its discretion orders that payments cease at age 18 or prior to high school graduation.
(3) (See Editor's note for applicability) If the child is enrolled in a cooperative innovative high school program authorized under Part 9 of Article 16 of Chapter 115C of the General Statutes, then payments shall terminate when the child completes his or her fourth year of enrollment or when the child reaches the age of 18, whichever occurs later.
In the case of graduation, or attaining age 20, payments shall terminate without order by the court, subject to the right of the party receiving support to show, upon motion and with notice to the opposing party, that the child has not graduated or attained the age of 20.
If an arrearage for child support or fees due exists at the time that a child support obligation terminates, payments shall continue in the same total amount that was due under the terms of the previous court order or income withholding in effect at the time of the support obligation. The total amount of these payments is to be applied to the arrearage until all arrearages and fees are satisfied or until further order of the court.
(c1) Effective July 1, 1990, the Conference of Chief District Judges shall prescribe uniform statewide presumptive guidelines for the computation of child support obligations, including retroactive support obligations, of each parent as provided in Chapter 50 or elsewhere in the General Statutes and shall develop criteria for determining when, in a particular case, application of the guidelines would be unjust or inappropriate. The purpose of the guidelines and criteria shall be to ensure that payments ordered for the support of a minor child are in such amount as to meet the reasonable needs of the child for health, education, and maintenance, having due regard to the estates, earnings, conditions, accustomed standard of living of the child and the parties, the child care and homemaker contributions of each party, and other facts of the particular case. The guidelines shall include a procedure for setting child support, if any, in a joint or shared custody arrangement which shall reflect the other statutory requirements herein.
Periodically, but at least once every four years, the Conference of Chief District Judges shall review the guidelines to determine whether their application results in appropriate child support award amounts. The Conference may modify the guidelines accordingly. The Conference shall give the Department of Health and Human Services, the Administrative Office of the Courts, and the general public an opportunity to provide the Conference with information relevant to the development and review of the guidelines. Any modifications of the guidelines or criteria shall be reported to the General Assembly by the Administrative Office of the Courts before they become effective by delivering copies to the President Pro Tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. The guidelines, when adopted or modified, shall be provided to the Department of Health and Human Services and the Administrative Office of the Courts, which shall disseminate them to the public through local IV-D offices, clerks of court, and the media.
(d) In non-IV-D cases, payments for the support of a minor child shall be ordered to be paid to the person having custody of the child or any other proper person, agency, organization or institution, or to the State Child Support Collection and Disbursement Unit, for the benefit of the child. In IV-D cases, payments for the support of a minor child shall be ordered to be paid to the State Child Support Collection and Disbursement Unit for the benefit of the child.
(d1) For child support orders initially entered on or after January 1, 1994, the immediate income withholding provisions of G.S. 110-136.5(c1) shall apply.
(e) Payment for the support of a minor child shall be paid by lump sum payment, periodic payments, or by transfer of title or possession of personal property of any interest therein, or a security interest in or possession of real property, as the court may order. The court may order the transfer of title to real property solely owned by the obligor in payment of arrearages of child support so long as the net value of the interest in the property being transferred does not exceed the amount of the arrearage being satisfied. In every case in which payment for the support of a minor child is ordered and alimony or postseparation support is also ordered, the order shall separately state and identify each allowance.
(e1) In IV-D cases, the order for child support shall provide that the clerk shall transfer the case to another jurisdiction in this State if the IV-D agency requests the transfer on the basis that the obligor, the custodian of the child, and the child do not reside in the jurisdiction in which the order was issued. The IV-D agency shall provide notice of the transfer to the obligor by delivery of written notice in accordance with the notice requirements of Chapter 1A-1, Rule 5(b) of the Rules of Civil Procedure. The clerk shall transfer the case to the jurisdiction requested by the IV-D agency, which shall be a jurisdiction in which the obligor, the custodian of the child, or the child resides. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent a party from contesting the transfer.
(f) Remedies for enforcement of support of minor children shall be available as herein provided.
(1) The court may require the person ordered to make payments for the support of a minor child to secure the same by means of a bond, mortgage or deed of trust, or any other means ordinarily used to secure an obligation to pay money or transfer property, or by requiring the execution of an assignment of wages, salary or other income due or to become due.
(2) If the court requires the transfer of real or personal property or an interest therein as provided in subsection (e) as a part of an order for payment of support for a minor child, or for the securing thereof, the court may also enter an order which shall transfer title as provided in G.S. 1A-1, Rule 70 and G.S. 1-228.
(3) The remedy of arrest and bail, as provided in Article 34 of Chapter 1 of the General Statutes, shall be available in actions for child-support payments as in other cases.
(4) The remedies of attachment and garnishment, as provided in Article 35 of Chapter 1 of the General Statutes, shall be available in an action for child-support payments as in other cases, and for such purposes the child or person bringing an action for child support shall be deemed a creditor of the defendant. Additionally, in accordance with the provisions of G.S. 110-136, a continuing wage garnishment proceeding for wages due or to become due may be instituted by motion in the original child support proceeding or by independent action through the filing of a petition.
(5) The remedy of injunction, as provided in Article 37 of Chapter 1 of the General Statutes and G.S. 1A-1, Rule 65, shall be available in actions for child support as in other cases.
(6) Receivers, as provided in Article 38 of Chapter 1 of the General Statutes, may be appointed in action for child support as in other cases.
(7) A minor child or other person for whose benefit an order for the payment of child support has been entered shall be a creditor within the meaning of Article 3A of Chapter 39 of the General Statutes pertaining to fraudulent conveyances.
(8) Except as provided in Article 15 of Chapter 44 of the General Statutes, a judgment for child support shall not be a lien against real property unless the judgment expressly so provides, sets out the amount of the lien in a sum certain, and adequately describes the real property affected; but past due periodic payments may by motion in the cause or by a separate action be reduced to judgment which shall be a lien as other judgments and may include provisions for periodic payments.
(9) An order for the periodic payments of child support or a child support judgment that provides for periodic payments is enforceable by proceedings for civil contempt, and disobedience may be punished by proceedings for criminal contempt, as provided in Chapter 5A of the General Statutes.
Notwithstanding the provisions of G.S. 1-294, an order for the payment of child support which has been appealed to the appellate division is enforceable in the trial court by proceedings for civil contempt during the pendency of the appeal. Upon motion of an aggrieved party, the court of the appellate division in which the appeal is pending may stay any order for civil contempt entered for child support until the appeal is decided, if justice requires.
(10) The remedies provided by Chapter 1 of the General Statutes, Article 28, Execution; Article 29B, Execution Sales; and Article 31, Supplemental Proceedings, shall be available for the enforcement of judgments for child support as in other cases, but amounts so payable shall not constitute a debt as to which property is exempt from execution as provided in Article 16 of Chapter 1C of the General Statutes.
(11) The specific enumeration of remedies in this section shall not constitute a bar to remedies otherwise available.
(g) An individual who brings an action or motion in the cause for the support of a minor child, and the individual who defends the action, shall provide to the clerk of the court in which the action is brought or the order is issued, the individual's social security number.
(h) Child support orders initially entered or modified on and after October 1, 1998, shall contain the name of each of the parties, the date of birth of each party, and the court docket number. The Administrative Office of the Courts shall transmit to the Department of Health and Human Services, Child Support Enforcement Program, on a timely basis, the information required to be included on orders under this subsection and the social security number of each party as required under subsection (g) of this section. (1967, c. 1153, s. 2; 1969, c. 895, s. 17; 1975, c. 814; 1977, c. 711, s. 26; 1979, c. 386, s. 10; 1981, c. 472; c. 613, ss. 1, 3; 1983, c. 54; c. 530, s. 1; 1985, c. 689, s. 17; 1985 (Reg. Sess., 1986), c. 1016; 1989, c. 529, ss. 1, 2; 1989 (Reg. Sess., 1990), c. 1067, s. 2; 1993, c. 335, s. 1; c. 517, s. 5; 1995, c. 319, s. 9; c. 518, s. 1; 1997-433, ss. 2.1(a), 2.2, 4.4, 7.1; 1997-443, ss. 11A.118(a), 11A.122; 1998-17, s. 1; 1998-176, s. 1; 1999-293, ss. 3, 4; 1999-456, s. 13; 2001-237, s. 1; 2003-288, s. 1; 2008-12, s. 1; 2012-20, s. 2; 2014-77, s. 8; 2014-115, s. 37.)


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The DISC Faculty Fellows program provides students and faculty the opportunity to work closely together in an environment outside of the traditional classroom setting. This program is focused on the retention and engagement of student populations that are currently underserved by our institution. Currently, the Faculty Fellows program is focused on serving the needs of Latinx, African American, and Native American students.
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What do the Fellows do?
The faculty fellows will be in the DISC weekly and will act as teacher, learners and research partners with the Scholar-Students. Their hope is to work with all DISC students but also partner with the Scholar Student's on programming, and research.
What will the Scholar-Students do?
The Scholar-Students will show up weekly to work with the Faculty Fellows, they will partner with the Fellows on research or programming and possibly serve on other diversity, equity, and inclusion committees.
What do I get out of this?
The Scholar-Student get to participate in a resume-building experience. They will also have the possibility of attending and presenting at diversity, equity, and inclusion leadership conferences and will receive a stipend of $250 per semester. Apply to be a Scholar-Student by filling out the online application.
Dr. Andrea Arauza Rivera
Latinx/Chicanx Faculty Fellow
The oldest of three children, Andrea was born in Guadalajara, Mexico and spent the first few years of her life bouncing between Guadalajara, Las Vegas NV, and Fort Worth TX before her family settled in the California Central Valley...
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Dr. Stanton is a licensed clinical psychologist and Assistant Professor at California State University, East Bay. Dr. Stanton's research focuses on how stress and stigma contribute to weight gain...
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Steven "TheProf" Cleveland was born into poverty at a time when being poor seemed to be
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Creating an Environment for Environmental History: The Open Textbook Project
March 24, 2017 March 23, 2017 7 minute readby John Belshaw
Covers from the Canadian history textbooks written for the BC Open Textbook Project.
Writing a survey text (or two) on Canadian history presents peculiar challenges. No one can be expert in all areas and subfields and, in our post-Who Killed? discipline, the subfields are many and robust. Moreover, there's no consensus on the metanarrative. All to the good, says I. But it's still a challenge, and one that I would not have taken up under conventional circumstances.
Circumstances changed in 2012. That year, British Columbia's Minister of Advanced Education announced the B.C. Open Textbook Project. The first principle of this project was to create a suite of openly licensed textbooks, all of which would be available on a free-to-use basis. A secondary objective was to create the textbooks in an online environment that would increase and accelerate accessibility. Building on these two ideals was the goal of adaptability, of producing a textbook that was perpetually unfinished, revisable and remixable by the user (faculty or student). This was the game-changer: the purpose of an open textbook is different from that of a conventional, static textbook. It is far less the poured-concrete-foundation of a course on which the lectures and learning stand than it is an invitation to do more.
How, then, to issue that invitation as regards environmental history?
I adopted two strategies. The first of these was the opportunity that a survey text covering several centuries presents to exploit a long-term view. While there are many acute or even cataclysmic environmental watersheds in Canadian history, there's also real value in looking at environmental change over the longue durée. Establishing the arc of a story that unfolds from, say, the 1200s through the nineteenth century establishes a massive framework in which instructors and students can intervene with additional details, test or refute the model, or offer alternative and/or parallel stories.
Bison make for good eating. They also make for great drive-belts. Nineteenth century industrialization was one of many stressors on the Plains bison population. McCord Museum, "Interior of Workshop," engraving by John Henry Walker, ca.1850-85, M930.50.8.79. CC-BY-NC-ND.
By way of an example, we can look at the story of bison. (That is, Bison bison bison, an animal so nice they had to name it thrice.) Some historians and anthropologists have theorized that declining – indeed, collapsing – populations of Indigenous peoples in the pre- and proto-contact periods sidelined humans as a prime predator species in much of North America as early as the sixteenth century. One result was the accelerated recovery of foodstock species. It follows that the old chestnut about the bison herds "blackening the plains" actually describes an anomaly, something that came about because one brake on their growth was gone.
As European and African resettlement of Canada and everything east of the Mississippi advanced, the bison herds thundered westward, drawing in their wake the many Indigenous peoples who fed on them. Plains culture – already distinctive and strong – flourished and was widely emulated. Guns and horses arrived in the eighteenth century, transforming these societies especially as hunters of bison. Soon, however, Plains peoples were competing against well-armed newcomers. Bison numbers began to drop … perilously.
The effective extinction of the Plains bison in the nineteenth century brought with it profound crises in the lives of Plains peoples. These conditions paved the way for further colonization and imperial conquests across the whole of the North American West. The bison were incompatible with the modern grain economy heralded by the newcomer populations; herds waded through fences, consumed early farmers' efforts, and trampled everything else. Likewise, Aboriginal communities that the bison sustained were an obstacle to Canadianizing the prairies, thus Ottawa's pursuit of treaties and reserves to contain these communities. The fact that both Plains bison and Plains Indigenous populations were in freefall in the period after 1850 was no coincidence. These demographics were intimately connected, and their collapse presaged the transformation of the Prairies from a gargantuan commons into a checkerboard of private property.
Bye-bye, bison. Skeletal remains at Gull Lake, SK, ca. 1891, getting ready for a ride on the CPR to a fertilizer plant in Central Canada. McCord Museum, "Buffalo bones gathered from the Prairies," anon., 1891, M-0000.298.11. CC-BY-NC-ND.
These interactions between exotic bacteria, Indigenous humans, bison populations, Plains cultures, invasive horses, and homesteader agriculture take place over a very long period of time indeed: the process may have started as early as 600 years ago. Without wanting to fall prey to reductionism, this is a slow-motion environmental event without which "Canada" – that is, the original federation of four provinces – could not have successfully annexed Rupert's Land, at least not when it did. It is a story that can be sliced very thinly and scrutinized both microscopically and longitudinally. Undergraduate students can take one small piece (or the whole) and develop critiques of original evidence, experiment with ethnographic approaches, or test the whole hypothesis. The open textbook format, which allows for remixing, gives instructors the ability to pull together the sections that align in that environmental saga, rearrange them, highlight their connections, hyperlink from one part of the textbook to another, or insert sidebars. The point is the possibility of telling the story in any number of ways, which is as it should be, perhaps for environmental history in particular.
What then? That brings me to my second strategy, which is more technological. Embedding videos in the open textbooks – something that is possible in the html versions – allows students to see and hear some of Canada's leading historians addressing their special interests and critical themes in the discipline. (There's an example here.) It also opens the door to recording debates, visually testing documents, and adding these to a bespoke version of the open textbook re-tailored by the instructor. BCcampus even produced an open textbook on adapting open textbooks (that is, a modifiable document on how to modify documents). Doing so shifts the dynamic of course assignments away from the tyranny of what are often called 'disposable' projects – i.e.: essays – toward intellectual activities that are visible and consequently subject to the critical eye of their peers as well as their profs and even successor classes. The textbook becomes an expandable residence for historical debate.
Student willingness to engage in this kind of dialogue with the textbook is made possible by the technology and it is made necessary by twenty-first-century concerns for the environment. Too often "the environment" is depicted or understood as something that exists somewhere else: in the forests, in the Arctic, perhaps at sea or in the air. In point of fact, it is everywhere, both materially and intellectually. As Madge (the manicurist immortalized in 1960s dishsoap commercials) would say, "You're soaking in it." Revealing that constant intimacy across centuries is the challenge to which an introductory Canadian history text should rise.
Some of the best literature on environmental history, too, highlights the environment of the mind. The idea of "nature" and the "natural" are so ubiquitous in the Canadian iconography that they need to be unpacked and examined. These include our notion of "parks" as places where "nature" is left undisturbed, a bucolic countryside in which people are more godly, and traditions of leisure time that are more likely to involve a cottage and a canoe than a stadium packed with chanting spectators. If there is a national currency more generously decorated with representations of wildlife, trees, and water, I've yet to see it. How does it come to pass that people who have never observed a stand of maple trees will melt at the sight of a red leaf?
Several of these themes are explored in the Post-Confederation volume. In that instance – and recognizing that there are vastly more of us working the post-1867 side of the house – I solicited expert sections from some three-dozen colleagues across the country. As far as environmental history goes, I was pleasantly surprised by the number of historians who reference common themes, including the relationship between place and perspective on the environment, the connections between the urban and 'nature', the rise of landscape-oriented tourism and art, and the links between fuel consumption, socio-economic change, and modernity. Each of these provides an entry point for students considering, say, the matter of global climate change through a 150-year wide historical lens.
The open textbook was never intended to be a monument, something cast in stone with pretensions of perfection. These two volumes exist so as to be perfectible. They are themselves an environment in which historic change is possible. The question then becomes not, "Does the text contain enough on environmental history?", but "How can we add more?"
John Belshaw
Long connected with Thompson Rivers University as a History professor, also a consultant to the post-secondary sector and a struggling novelist. Has authored, co-authored, and edited several articles and books on the history of British Columbia, including Becoming British Columbia: A Population History (UBC 2009) and Vancouver Noir: 1930-1960 with Diane Purvey (Anvil 2011).
Latest posts by John Belshaw (see all)
Creating an Environment for Environmental History: The Open Textbook Project - March 24, 2017
Tags: / Category: Teaching, Teaching EH, The Otter
Sean Kheraj 6 years ago /Reply
Thanks for this excellent post, John. And thanks also for including me in this project through the video inserts in the textbook.
I had a couple remarks:
1. I have adopted both the pre- and post-Confederation textbooks in my Canadian History survey course this year. We are almost finished the term so I won't have final thoughts just yet, but I can say that thus far the reception from students and TAs has been positive.
Everything you say about the adaptability of the textbook is true. I was able select all the portions of the textbook that were relevant to my version of this course. In that manner, I think student engagement has been better because the readings are more directly tuned to the lectures and tutorials.
2. As far as environmental history goes, this textbook has the most environmental history content that I've seen in the general textbooks on Canadian history (perhaps tied with Origins and Destinies, now co-authored by Alan MacEachern). Regardless, I think your textbook is a sign of what environmental historians have wanted to see for some time: the integration of environmental analysis into broader narratives of Canadian history.


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The Theme Book is a high-quality hard cover book that accompanies the special exhibition "Gold" in the anniversary year 2013. The cover of the German edition shows the world-famous "Dragon".
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2011 all three special exhibits were dedicated to Europe: The exclusive "European Classics" assembled unbelievably over 400 mineral classics from the "old" continent, leading to certainly the most precious mineral exhibition in the world. The "European Cla
2010 belonged to the "Brazilian Beauties". Their richness in color and amazing structures was an inspiration even to collectors and fans who thought they had seen it all. Only here in Munich were the world's best specimens from Brazil presented in one exh
2009 marked the year of the groundbreaking "Archaeopteryx" exhibit, considered the most famous fossil of the world. It's still hard to believe that seven originals of the then existing ten originals were united at the Munich Show – a feat long considered
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Publication of Fair Topics (2006) Masterpieces
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Toxic threat at Bearsden Cross
Bearsden'24th June 2014'Pic: Roberto Cavieres
Published: 14:55 Thursday 28 February 2019
A scientist living in Bearsden has published a report on the threat of air pollution at Bearsden Cross.
Professor Michael Hitchman, emeritus professor of Chemistry at the University of Strathclyde, has been investigating the issue, in light of interest shown by developers in building on greenbelt land in the vicinity.
Professor Hitchman's report opens by quoting a 2018 UNICEF UK report, A Breath of Toxic Air, which states: "Air pollution is an invisible but dangerous threat to children's health. Toxic emissions can damage children's growth and leave them with lasting health problems.
"This not only violates a child's right to health, but also their future. It could impact their right to education, their right to play and, ultimately, their right to life."
Air Quality in Scotland has been collecting air pollutant data at Bearsden Cross for some time, particularly nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, which are known to have various health effects including respitary disease and heart disease, lung cancer and chronic bronchitis.
Professor Hitchman says this data shows that nitrogen dioxide in the area is well above the safe limit and some particulate matter is dangerously close to the threshold. "In reality there is no safe level of that PM for humans to breathe in," he said.
In 2011 the council declared the area an Air Quality Management Area, and mapped an area of concern from just beyond Ledi Drive down to Canniesburn Toll.
The council is currently working on its local development plan, which defines potential land usage and priorities for future planning applications.
Developers have shown interest in greenbelt north of Bearsden and over to Milngavie.
Professor Hitchman said: "Traffic from any new developments there would flow southwards by Milngavie Road in the east, and to the west much of it would be funneled along the A809 Drymen Road through the Cross.
"It is very obvious that development on the Craighdu Wedge would dramatically exacerbate the problem of air pollution.
"And, most significantly, it would also heavily impact on the primary and secondary schools in the immediate area around the Wedge, and at the Cross.
"If the council allows any development on the Greenbelt land, it would be going completely against its own air quality strategy.
Murder probe after death at Low Moss Prison at Bishopbriggs
"It would also be an act of utter folly and would show a complete lack of consideration and responsibility for not only the children of Bearsden, but for all of us living here."
Professor Hitchman is calling on the council to halt all furthre residential development in the area, and maintain all greenbelt land.
He wants anyone who agrees with him to contact EDC chief executive Gerry Cornes.
Thomas Glen, one of the council's depute chief executives, said "The air quality around Bearsden Cross has been continuously monitored since 2006 and an area of Bearsden was declared an Air Quality Management Area in 2011 due to exceedances of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10) annual mean.
"In line with Scottish Government guidance, a Draft Air Quality Action Plan was published and consulted upon, proposing 29 measures aimed at helping to reduce pollutant levels around Bearsden Cross.
"Since declaration, the annual mean NO2 and PM10 levels have declined considerably and 2017 saw a further reduction in pollutant levels. The data for 2018 has not yet been ratified but will be published once it is available.
"Improving air quality is a Council priority and we will continue to work towards improvements where possible.
"Local people can play their part too by ensuring they reduce the number of unnecessary journeys by car, walk/cycle more and switch off their engines whilst stationary.
"If we all work together on this, we can continue to help improve air quality not just across Bearsden but across all of East Dunbartonshire."
Full copies of Professor Hitchman's report can be requested by emailing mlhbearsden@hotmail.com.
Concern grows for missing girl (14) from Kirkintilloch
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Supreme Court will not hear Hutterite workers comp case
October 08, 2013 Reprints
The U.S. Supreme Court has declined to hear a religious colony's argument that Montana is forcing it to participate in the state's workers compensation system despite religious objections to doing so.
Big Sky Colony Inc. is a member colony of the Hutterian Brethren Church, whose participants renounce private property and hold all their possessions in common, wear the same homemade clothing and live in similar housing.
The Hutterites traditionally engaged in communal agricultural work. But after the group engaged in construction work outside their community, Montana's Supreme Court ruled late last year that it must purchase workers comp insurance for members working in commercial enterprises.
As usual, the U.S. Supreme Court justices did not provide a reason for declining to hear the case of Big Sky Colony Inc. v. Montana Department of Labor and Industry when the decision was announced Monday.
Hutterite colony must buy workers compensation insurance: Court
A religious colony must purchase workers compensation insurance for its members working in commercial enterprises, a divided Montana Supreme Court ruled Monday.
Hutterite colony takes workers comp fight to Supreme Court


Samnang Sok was born in 1982 during civil war in Cambodia after Pol Pot regime collapsed in 1979. Born into a poor family with seven sons and daughters, he was sent to live with his aunts to look after cows and buffalos at the age of three. Living in an area of relentless fighting in a poor community, it was impossible for him to get any form of state education.
In 1991 Cambodia had Paris Peace Agreement between three parties. 1993-1997 After the first election in Cambodia that organized and supported by UN, Samnang's villagers and other villagers in the region fled to live with the new government in the Chongkall district. However this upheaval was difficult for the elderly and led to a lot of them dying. With no assigned farmland, a lot of the families' animals also died.
Most of villagers were too scared to leave the village they were placed in but after three months of turmoil, a number of families decided to take the plunge and move back to their village in order to farm and plough rice that they needed in order to stay alive. However after a week, the Khmer Rouge moved Samnang's family and other families to live in the jungle. They were forced to stay here for four years, without any healthcare, schools or any contact with the outside world. On top of this, every family member was forced daily to make sharp sticks for Khmer Rouge's fighting.
In 1997 the Government armies found the village in jungle and moved all villagers to their original village, which had been saturated with mines and sharp sticks. After these were cleared away and families began to start their life there again. But without any infrastructure this was an extremely difficult time.
In 1999 Samnang decided to become a Buddhist monk and in 2002 Samnang decided to come to a pagoda in Siem Reap  to start an education for the first time in his life. He began Buddhist primary school at the age of 21. While he was studying at Buddhist secondary and high school, Samnang became dedicated to volunteering for NGOs in Siem Reap and helping children in his village with education and health care. With Samnang's projects growing from strength to strength,  in 2013 he founded the NGO, Action For Cambodia's Children- AFCC. AFCC is dedicated to empowering children living in the communities in the Siem Reap province by providing them with the education and healthcare they so vitally need.


F1 TV
Motorsport Broadcasting
The inside line on motor sport and broadcasting.
December 31, 2017 January 1, 2018 David Nelson3 Comments
Heading into 2018, there are several stories which promise to keep bubbling away during the next twelve months, some of which have significant relevance to UK readers.
A new look Formula 1 will greet fans at the start of the 2018 season, both on and off the track. On track, we say hello to the Halo. Will the introduction of the cockpit protection system cause a ratings drop worldwide for F1, or will audiences continue to be enticed by the machinery on offer?
Off the track, F1 unveiled its new branding at the end of the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, which will be rolled out across all forms of media at the start of 2018. How will fans react to the new visual on-screen look? Friendly, more playful is the intention, we wait to see if fans like what they see come Melbourne, if not earlier.
Also, Formula 1's new over-the-top services are highly anticipated, which should launch in a number of countries. Sean Bratches publicly confirmed the service during the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix weekend, but early 2018 will see firm details unveiled, such as pricing and content. Will an entry level tariff allow F1 to reach new fans and markets? Will the platform make a noise to start with if the initial user base with access is low?
With an over-the-top network comes personnel. Will Formula One Management poach personnel from their existing broadcasters', or bring new pundits into the sport? Will we see the likes of Will Buxton and Jason Swales (both part of NBC's former F1 line-up) play a part?
In the UK, as readers are aware, Sky Sports hold exclusive television rights from 2019 to 2024, marking a significant shift in the market. However, is there appetite from them to sublet a highlights-only package to a free-to-air station, allowing Formula 1 to continue to reach the masses? As it stands, 2018 will be Channel 4's third and last season covering Formula 1.
We should also in the first half of 2018 find out which UK broadcaster will air MotoGP from 2019 onwards. BT Sport's contract expires at the end of 2018. They are expected to retain the rights, but it is not a nailed on certainty, and Eurosport could still steal back the premier motorcycling sport.
So many questions unanswered as we head into 2018. If you love your broadcasting news, do not change the channel…
Rosberg highlights strong end to 2017 for Sky's F1 coverage
Gone are the days of Sky being the new kids on the block. 2017 marked Sky Sports' sixth season covering Formula 1. Simon Lazenby again led the presentation team, alongside the likes of David Croft, Ted Kravitz and Martin Brundle, a situation that has remained status quo since 2012. But, has Sky's coverage improved since their early years?
Regular readers of this site will know that I have been critical of Sky's Formula 1 coverage historically past from time to time. Like everything in life, you have your difficult periods, the times where you need to regroup and refocus. Sky launched their F1 channel at the beginning of 2012, but efficiency savings have restricted what the channel can offer in recent years. Sky axed the studio editions of The F1 Show, whilst F1 Legends is currently on a hiatus.
The savings inevitably have had a downstream effect on the weekend product that Sky's F1 team could offer to viewers. However, the latter half of 2017 saw a notable uptick in the quality of Sky's broadcasts, with emphasis on taking viewers behind the scenes, with a fresher punditry line-up complimenting their coverage.
The reasons for the quality increase are likely two-fold. As noted recently, there have been changes at the top of the Sky F1 hierarchy, with their Executive Producer Martin Turner retiring. In situations like this, new creative talent rises to the top and fresh ideas generally come to the forefront, which may be the case here. That is not to dismiss the excellent work that happened previously, merely to acknowledge that changes at a senior level influences those further down the food chain.
In addition, Liberty Media's takeover of Formula 1 may have loosened the red tape where broadcasters are concerned. It is unusual that, in year six of Sky's coverage, a burst of creativity emerged. The impact of Liberty's takeover means that broadcasters can be more creative in their overall output, and the viewer wins as a result.
Following the Summer break, Sky teamed up with Sauber, filming their every move from Spa Francorchamps to Monza between the Belgium and Italian races. The aim was to show how Formula 1's teams transport equipment between races. Billed as 'The Race Between Races', a short VT aired during Sky's weekend output, whilst a feature-length 30-minute episode aired prior to the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.
But that was not all from Sky: they also went behind the scenes with the FIA Medical Team in Singapore, inside the FIA stewards room in Japan, and then dived into the Formula One Management (FOM) production truck during the Mexican Grand Prix weekend. It felt as if someone had given Sky the magic keys, and they took advantage immediately.
Yet, the problem with some of their features is the "so what?" test, otherwise known as the memorability test. Sky's pieces varied in quality: the Sauber segment and the medical team piece both hit the mark. The latter deserves more than a few words, because it is an element rarely covered by broadcasters. Sky righted this wrong, with a brilliant piece of television that made you fully appreciate the job that the medical team performs week in, week out.
In comparison, the stewards room and the FOM production truck pieces were not as memorable, and felt rushed in comparison. A few years ago, Formula E uploaded a fantastic piece to their YouTube channel showing how a TV recce works. At eight minutes in length, an equivalent F1 piece might not be appropriate as one cut in a television broadcast, but it would work split across two different shows, something Sky should have considered doing with the production truck piece.
The Sauber piece stands out alongside Guy Martin's Pit Stop Challenge in terms of quality. Martin's documentary, which aired on Channel 4, was enough to breathe outside the of the confines of the usual race day coverage. A lesson for Sky is that their pieces should go into ample detail, and not scrape over the surface to fit a given time limit. The BBC used to do this on occasion, with Top Gear style pieces, but it is something that we have lost somewhat with F1 now on commercial television.
Rosberg's punditry allows for new perspective
Sky's coverage took on a new element during the Japanese Grand Prix weekend when 2016 Drivers' Champion Nico Rosberg appeared as a pundit during their qualifying and race day programming.
When Sky first announced this, I was worried that the hype would be unfulfilled, with only short appearances on-screen. As it turned out, Rosberg went the extra mile than what you may expect, appearing as a fully fledged member of Sky's line-up alongside Lazenby, Brundle and Anthony Davidson. Japan was arguably Sky's strongest team of 2017 as a result, and Rosberg's contributions did not disappoint.
A bit of variety never hurts broadcasting, and that was the case here. Rosberg was keen to give his expertise and opinion on current events, whilst also reflecting on his own title challenges prior to last season. His rapport with the current Formula 1 line-up was evident throughout the weekend live interviews, notably with Red Bull drivers Daniel Ricciardo and Max Verstappen, only strengthening Sky's coverage more.
My only minor criticism is that Sky did not manage to get Rosberg behind the scenes in the Mercedes garage, maybe interviewing one or two of the people who Rosberg worked with during this time there. As much as I would like to see Rosberg return, RTL have snapped him up instead for 2018, which is unfortunate from a UK broadcasting perspective, but brilliant for RTL and the German audience.
Pat Symonds was also a fresh face with Sky for 2017, appearing sporadically throughout the season. Fresh off his stint with Williams as technical director, Symonds helped strengthen Sky's output throughout the year. Symonds assisted with Sky Pad analysis alongside Ted Kravitz, ensuring that Sky was the place to be for technical coverage.
One person who was not with Sky as much as in previous years was Johnny Herbert. Eagle eyed readers will have spotted him working with FOM, both during the race build-up and around their Esports output towards the end of 2017. Unconfirmed, but Herbert may well end up with FOM a little bit more than just 'occasionally' in 2018.
Overall, I think Sky have made encouraging strides in the latter half of 2017, with new voices appearing, and exposing areas previously hidden. But, some areas remain formulaic (such as the usage of 'Coming Up' trailers), and need to change for 2018. Nevertheless, I am hopeful the wave of creativity from Sky continues into 2018. If there was ever a year to try to hook new viewers into their broadcasts, 2018 is the year….
The top 10 posts of 2017
December 29, 2017 December 28, 2017 David Nelson1 Comment
New beginnings, and the end of an era in at least one respect, 2017 had both. #AlonsoRunsIndy caused a major traffic spike for The F1 Broadcasting Blog in April and May, with record numbers reading about the Indianapolis 500. Elsewhere, it was also the end for two legendary MotoGP commentators. Here is what you read most out of the content published during 2017.
10. BT Sport likely to retain UK TV rights for MotoGP – August 29th
One of the key broadcasting stories that is likely to conclude early in 2018 is the destination of MotoGP's live television coverage from 2019 onwards. This writer spoke to Dorna during the 2017 British MotoGP weekend, and with it found out that BT Sport are likely to retain MotoGP beyond 2018.
9. UK – Alonso's Indy 500 exploit peaks with 203,000 viewers – May 29th
Fernando Alonso's participation in the Indianapolis 500 was a huge driver for a large portion of readers visiting this site during May. His stint in the famous race provided BT Sport with a major boost, increasing their Indianapolis 500 audience year-on-year by 975 percent!
8. Channel 5 to continue World Rally Championship coverage in 2017 – January 12th
Remaining on four-wheels of a different kind, it emerged straight after the Winter break that the World Rally Championship will remain on Channel 5. MotoGP would soon join the series on Channel 5…
7. ITV and MotoGP part company ahead of 2017 season – February 16th
…after they parted company with ITV, who had been covering highlights since 2014. The move came as a surprise given that MotoGP was an easy schedule filler for ITV4 and was rating reasonably well for the broadcaster in that slot.
6. Liberty Media helps bring F1 social media strategy on-track – August 20th
Amazingly, the only Formula 1 article to make the top ten. Relatively speaking, there have been no major news for UK fans from Liberty Media. The piece that did make the top ten surrounded Formula 1's social media strategy, with an increased following because of the additional resources poured into the platforms.
5. Channel 5 secures MotoGP highlights package – March 15th
The parting of ways between ITV Sport and MotoGP prompted some chatter around whether Channel 4, Channel 5, or even the BBC would swoop in for the MotoGP highlights package. In the end, it was Channel 5 that secured the deal, announced shortly before the season opener in Qatar.
4. Scheduling: The 2017 Indianapolis 500 – May 17th
I posted the finalised Indianapolis 500 schedule on this site half way through May. Disappointingly though, no free-to-air broadcasters aired the event, which had significantly more attention than usual this year due to Alonso's appearance. And, this is not Indy's last appearance in the top ten either…
3. Discovery threatens to pull channels, including Eurosport, from Sky platform – January 25th
A spat between Discovery and Sky started off 2017, and escalated rapidly with Discovery threatening to remove their channels from Sky's platform. The movement gained traction on social media, but in the end the two sides agreed a deal, ensuring Eurosport remained on Sky.
2. Julian Ryder to bow out of MotoGP commentary role following 2017 season – November 9th
One of the lessons of covering this site is to expect the unexpected. That was the case in November when news emerged that Julian Ryder was to hang up his MotoGP commentary gig, following Nick Harris into pastures new. Whoever is alongside Keith Huewen in the BT Sport commentary box in Qatar will have big shoes to fill.
1. The 2017 Indianapolis 500: how, and where you can see it in the UK – April 12th
There was immediate interest in the Indianapolis 500 as soon as news came out around #AlonsoRunsIndy. Reacting straight away, the number one post of 2017 outlined how viewers in the UK could watch the 101st running of the famous event, which formed part of the 2017 IndyCar series season.
Alongside the top ten posts, there are a few other posts from across the year that I want to highlight. In September, I was lucky enough to go behind the scenes look inside the British Superbikes outside broadcast (OB) truck (here and here). If you are at all interested in how motor sport television broadcasts are produced, I strongly encourage you to have a read of both of those pieces.
Elsewhere, I have also interviewed numerous motor sport personalities this year, ranging from former ITV F1 pit lane reporter Louise Goodman (here and here) to Sky's Formula 1 presenter Simon Lazenby, and onto Motorcycle News (MCN) writer Simon Patterson, amongst others throughout the racing year.
The 2017 top ten only featured one Formula 1 post, however I suspect that there will be a lot more on the broadcasting side to discuss in 2018 where F1 is concerned…
The magic 2017 numbers
Whilst 2017 may not have attracted as many hits as 2016 due to the novelty factor around Channel 4's Formula 1 coverage disappearing, The F1 Broadcasting Blog readership was still dispersed between a variety of countries.
The main year-on-year increase comes from the USA, whose percentage share has nearly doubled since 2015, heading from 3.8 percent in 2015, to 5.4 percent last year and now 6.4 percent this year, a sign of increased interest in the sport from state side. The UK percentage continued to drop marginally, now down to 72.2 percent from 75 percent in 2014. Elsewhere, Australia suffered a significant drop compared with 2016, falling behind Ireland as a result.
Top 10 Countries – Percentage of all hits
01 – 72.2 percent (2016: 72.7) – United Kingdom
02 – 6.4 percent (2016: 5.4) – United States
04 – 2.4 percent (2016: 2.3) – Ireland
03 – 2.2 percent (2016: 2.7) – Australia
05 – 1.6 percent (2016: 1.8) – Netherlands
07 – 1.3 percent (2016: 1.0) – Spain
06 – 1.3 percent (2016: 1.6) – Canada
09 – 1.1 percent (2016: 0.9) – Germany
10 – 1.1 percent (2016: 0.8) – Italy
08 – 0.9 percent (2016: 0.9) – France
Generally, any breaking stories receive immediate attention via social media, which was the case in 2016. With less major stories in 2017, the social influence decreased compared with 2016, Reddit halved year-on-year showing the volatility of social media platforms.
Search engines benefited as a result, with casual fans who do not normally follow this site heading here to find out more information around the Indianapolis 500 and Julian Ryder's MotoGP departure.
Top 5 Referring Websites
01 – 73.8 percent (2016: 63.1) – Search engines
02 – 18.6 percent (2016: 21.8) – Twitter
03 – 3.4 percent (2016: 6.0) – Reddit
04 – 2.7 percent (2016: 3.5) – Facebook
05 – 0.2 percent (2016: n/a) – AUTOSPORT Forum
The shock departure of Ryder, announced at the start of MotoGP's final 2017 weekend, dominates the search tallies, with not much else getting a look in.
Top 10 Search Queries
01 – julian ryder
02 – f1 broadcasting
03 – f1 broadcasting blog
04 – formula 1 f1 broadcasting blog
05 – amazon
06 – f1 braudcasting
07 – list of channel 5 motogp commentators
08 – julian ryder motogp
09 – f1 viewing figures
10 – motogp commentators
The numbers ebb and flow depending on what is flavour of the month. Outside of the top 10 search queries listed above, readers were also interested in details about the UK's World Rally Championship coverage and the Indianapolis 500.
An odd search term that appears just outside of the top 10 is 'a1 grand prix', as this article written in 2014 about the defunct World Cup of Motorsport series is number one in Google's search rankings! 2018 will no doubt see more surprises, and traffic spikes to go with it, along the way.
Statistics compiled and correct as of December 18th, 2017.
Merry Christmas from The F1 Broadcasting Blog
2017 has been a positive year for top-flight motor sport worldwide, with a competitive championship battle for three-quarters of the Formula 1 season, whilst the MotoGP title went to the wire in Valencia. State side, Fernando Alonso attempted the Indianapolis 500, drawing more attention to the event in the UK than it usually would have had.
For me, I have tried to build on the strengths of 2016, bringing you closer to the broadcasting side. By attending the AUTOSPORT Show, the British MotoGP round and looking behind the scenes with the British Superbike championship, I hope I have achieved even a tenth of that goal.
It has been a pleasure to interview some famous faces in motor sport, and I am hopeful that 2018 will continue in the same regard. Unlike many motor racing websites out there, I run this site alongside my day job (also involving data, the horror!) so I may not update it as frequently as other sites out there, but nevertheless it is always a pleasure.
This holiday season, I hope you all have a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! Thanks for all the positive comments and thoughts throughout this year on here and on social media, my fifth full year running the site. Stay safe, wherever you are heading.
Owner of The F1 Broadcasting Blog
Channel 4's F1 race edit to switch to 'Extended Highlights' format for 2020
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Snoop Dogg Officially Confirms New Album "Algarhythm" Dropping In November On The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon
Algarhythm, DJ Battlecat, ProHoeZak, Rick Rock, Snoop Dogg, The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon
During last night's The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (September 27), hip-hop legend and Long Beach, CA icon Snoop Dogg was a featured guest on the show. During the interview with Jimmy Fallon, Snoop talked about why people shouldn't try to keep up with him while smoking weed, confirms a new album is in the works and discusses his role voicing Cousin Itt in Addams Family 2.
One point of interest was Snoop Dogg confirming his new album Algarhythm and that it is dropping in November. Frequent Snoop Dogg producers Rick Rock and ProHoeZak have both confirmed they are working with Snoop on the project, along with DJ Battlecat.
Check out Snoop Dogg's appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon below:
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