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README.md

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----
-license: cc
----
+---
+license: cc-by-4.0
+task_categories:
+  - question-answering
+  - text-generation
+language:
+  - en
+tags:
+  - mathematics
+  - unsolved-problems
+  - math
+  - research
+  - latex
+  - erdos
+  - number-theory
+  - combinatorics
+size_categories:
+  - 1K<n<10K
+pretty_name: UnsolvedMath
+---
+
+# UnsolvedMath Dataset
+
+A comprehensive curated collection of **1,146 open mathematics problems** across all domains and difficulty levels, including the largest collection of Erdős problems available in machine-readable format. Available for browsing at https://unsolvedmath.com 
+
+## Dataset Description
+
+**UnsolvedMath** is a meticulously curated dataset of unsolved and historically significant mathematical problems, organized by domain, difficulty level, and problem set. This dataset aggregates problems from the most prestigious collections in mathematics, with a particular focus on Paul Erdős's extensive problem collection.
+
+### Featured Collections
+
+- **Erdős Problems** (632 problems) - Extensive collection from Paul Erdős, one of the most prolific mathematicians of the 20th century
+- **Millennium Prize Problems** - Clay Mathematics Institute's seven $1M problems
+- **Hilbert's 23 Problems** - David Hilbert's foundational problems from 1900
+- **Smale's Problems** - Steve Smale's 18 problems for the 21st century
+- **DARPA's 23 Mathematical Challenges** - Fundamental research challenges
+- **Ben Green's 100 Open Problems** - Problems in additive combinatorics
+- **Hardy-Littlewood Conjectures** - Foundational problems on primes and partitions
+- **Landau's Problems** - Four classic problems on prime numbers
+- **Richard Guy - Prime Numbers** - Problems from "Unsolved Problems in Number Theory"
+
+### Dataset Summary
+
+- **Total Problems**: 1,146
+- **Erdős Problems**: 632 (with full citations and references)
+- **Categories**: 12 mathematical domains
+- **Difficulty Levels**: 5 (L1: Tractable → L5: Millennium Prize)
+- **Problem Sets**: 9 curated collections
+- **Format**: JSON with LaTeX mathematical notation
+- **License**: CC BY 4.0
+
+### What's New
+
+This dataset includes the most comprehensive collection of Erdős problems available in structured format:
+- **632 Erdős problems** (EP-1 through EP-1135) from the Erdos Problems website
+- Complete problem statements with LaTeX mathematical notation
+- Detailed backgrounds with historical context
+- Full bibliographic references for each problem
+- Difficulty classifications (L1-L3)
+- Category assignments (Number Theory, Combinatorics, Graph Theory, etc.)
+
+### Supported Tasks
+
+- Mathematical research and exploration
+- Mathematical question answering systems
+- LaTeX/mathematical notation processing
+- Problem classification and organization
+- Educational content generation
+- Research bibliography extraction
+- Historical mathematics analysis
+
+## Dataset Structure
+
+### Data Files
+
+The dataset consists of multiple JSON files:
+
+1. **problems.json** (1.4 MB) - Main dataset containing all 1,146 problems
+2. **categories.json** (3.0 KB) - 12 mathematical domain classifications
+3. **difficulty_levels.json** (1.1 KB) - 5-tier difficulty system
+4. **sets.json** (3.1 KB) - Problem set metadata
+5. **dataset.json** (1.5 MB) - Combined file with all data and metadata
+
+### Data Fields
+
+#### Problems
+
+Each problem contains:
+
+- `id` (int): Unique identifier
+- `problem_number` (string): Problem code (e.g., "EP-1", "MPP-001")
+- `title` (string): Problem title
+- `statement` (string): Complete problem statement with LaTeX notation
+- `background` (string): Historical context, references, and related work
+- `difficulty_level_id` (int): Difficulty level (1-5)
+- `status` (string): "open" or "solved"
+- `category_id` (int): Mathematical domain identifier
+- `set_id` (int, optional): Problem set identifier
+- `proposed_by` (string, optional): Person who proposed the problem
+- `proposed_year` (int, optional): Year the problem was first posed
+- `view_count` (int): Number of views
+- `favorite_count` (int): Number of favorites
+- `created_at` (string): Timestamp
+- `updated_at` (string): Timestamp
+- `published` (boolean): Publication status
+
+#### Categories
+
+12 mathematical domains:
+- **Number Theory** - Properties of integers, primes, Diophantine equations
+- **Combinatorics** - Counting, arrangements, combinatorial structures
+- **Graph Theory** - Networks, graphs, and their properties
+- **Algebra** - Algebraic structures and equations
+- **Algebraic Geometry** - Geometric objects defined by polynomials
+- **Geometry** - Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry
+- **Topology** - Properties preserved under continuous deformations
+- **Analysis** - Limits, continuity, calculus, function theory
+- **Partial Differential Equations** - PDEs and applications
+- **Set Theory** - Foundations, infinite sets, cardinality
+- **Computer Science** - Computational complexity, algorithms
+- **Mathematical Physics** - Mathematics-physics intersection
+
+#### Difficulty Levels
+
+- **L1: Tractable** - Problems potentially within reach with current techniques
+- **L2: Intermediate** - Challenging problems requiring solid mathematical background
+- **L3: Advanced** - Difficult problems requiring specialized knowledge
+- **L4: Expert** - Very challenging problems at the frontier of research
+- **L5: Millennium Prize** - Millennium Prize Problems and equivalent difficulty
+
+#### Problem Sets
+
+- Millennium Prize Problems (7 problems)
+- Hilbert's 23 Problems
+- Smale's Problems (18 problems)
+- DARPA's 23 Mathematical Challenges
+- Ben Green's 100 Open Problems
+- **Erdős Problems (632 problems)**
+- Hardy-Littlewood Conjectures
+- Landau's Problems (4 problems)
+- Richard Guy - A: Prime Numbers
+
+## Usage
+
+### Loading the Dataset
+
+```python
+import json
+
+# Load all problems
+with open('problems.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+    problems = json.load(f)
+
+print(f"Total problems: {len(problems)}")
+
+# Load the complete dataset
+with open('dataset.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+    data = json.load(f)
+
+print(f"Problems: {data['metadata']['total_problems']}")
+print(f"Categories: {len(data['categories'])}")
+print(f"Sets: {len(data['sets'])}")
+```
+
+### Example: Filtering Erdős Problems
+
+```python
+import json
+
+with open('problems.json', 'r') as f:
+    problems = json.load(f)
+
+# Get all Erdős problems
+erdos_problems = [
+    p for p in problems
+    if p['problem_number'].startswith('EP-')
+]
+
+print(f"Found {len(erdos_problems)} Erdős problems")
+
+# Get Erdős problems in Number Theory
+erdos_nt = [
+    p for p in erdos_problems
+    if p['category_id'] == 1  # Number Theory
+]
+
+print(f"Erdős problems in Number Theory: {len(erdos_nt)}")
+```
+
+### Example: Filtering by Difficulty
+
+```python
+import json
+
+with open('problems.json', 'r') as f:
+    problems = json.load(f)
+
+# Get all Millennium Prize problems (L5)
+millennium = [
+    p for p in problems
+    if p['difficulty_level_id'] == 5
+]
+
+# Get tractable problems (L1)
+tractable = [
+    p for p in problems
+    if p['difficulty_level_id'] == 1
+]
+
+print(f"Millennium Prize problems: {len(millennium)}")
+print(f"Tractable problems: {len(tractable)}")
+```
+
+### Example: Working with LaTeX
+
+```python
+# Problems contain LaTeX notation in statement and background fields
+problem = problems[0]
+print(f"Title: {problem['title']}")
+print(f"Statement: {problem['statement']}")
+
+# Example statement with LaTeX:
+# "If $A\\subseteq \\{1,\\ldots,N\\}$ with $\\lvert A\\rvert=n$
+#  is such that the subset sums $\\sum_{a\\in S}a$ are distinct
+#  for all $S\\subseteq A$ then $N \\gg 2^{n}$."
+
+# Use KaTeX, MathJax, or sympy to render LaTeX
+from IPython.display import display, Markdown
+display(Markdown(problem['statement']))
+```
+
+### Example: Extracting Citations from Erdős Problems
+
+```python
+import json
+import re
+
+with open('problems.json', 'r') as f:
+    problems = json.load(f)
+
+# Get all Erdős problems
+erdos = [p for p in problems if p['problem_number'].startswith('EP-')]
+
+# Extract citations from background
+citations = set()
+for problem in erdos:
+    bg = problem.get('background', '')
+    # Find citations like \\cite{Er98}
+    refs = re.findall(r'\\cite\{([^}]+)\}', bg)
+    citations.update(refs)
+
+print(f"Unique citations in Erdős problems: {len(citations)}")
+print(f"Examples: {list(citations)[:10]}")
+```
+
+## Data Collection and Curation
+
+### Sources
+
+This dataset was curated from:
+- Erdős problems website by Thomas Bloom (erdosproblems.com)
+- Clay Mathematics Institute - Official Millennium Prize documentation
+- Historical mathematical problem collections (Hilbert, Smale, Landau)
+- Published research papers and mathematical surveys
+- Reputable mathematical organizations (AMS, IMU, etc.)
+- Richard Guy's "Unsolved Problems in Number Theory"
+- Ben Green's additive combinatorics problem collection
+
+### Erdős Problems Special Notes
+
+The 632 Erdős problems include:
+- Complete problem statements
+- Detailed backgrounds with historical context from original sources
+- Full bibliographic references (e.g., Erdős papers from 1931-1999)
+- Cross-references between related problems
+- Citations to recent progress and partial results
+- OEIS sequence references where applicable
+- Connections to other famous problems and conjectures
+
+### Quality Assurance
+
+All problems include:
+- Accurate mathematical statements with proper LaTeX notation (mostly, there might be some smaller corrections needed)
+- Historical context and background information
+- Proper attribution and source references
+- Classification by mathematical domain and difficulty
+
+## Statistics
+
+### By Difficulty Level
+- **L1 (Tractable)**: 662 problems (57.8%)
+- **L2 (Intermediate)**: 56 problems (4.9%)
+- **L3 (Advanced)**: 72 problems (6.3%)
+- **L4 (Expert)**: 220 problems (19.2%)
+- **L5 (Millennium)**: 136 problems (11.9%)
+
+### By Category
+- **Number Theory**: 497 problems (43.4%) - heavily represented in Erdős problems
+- **Graph Theory**: 214 problems (18.7%)
+- **Combinatorics**: 195 problems (17.0%)
+- **Other categories**: 240 problems (20.9%)
+
+### By Set
+- **Erdős Problems**: 632 problems (55.1% of total)
+- **Other historical collections**: 514 problems (44.9% of total)
+
+## Ethical Considerations
+
+- **Academic Integrity**: This dataset is for research and educational purposes
+- **Attribution**: All problems properly attributed to original sources
+- **Open Problems**: Status accuracy maintained as of January 2026
+- **Updates**: Some problems may be solved after dataset publication
+- **Citations**: Erdős problems include full bibliographic references for verification
+
+## Limitations
+
+- The dataset represents a curated selection, not an exhaustive list of all unsolved problems
+- Problem difficulty is subjective
+- LaTeX notation may require preprocessing for some applications
+- Status (open/solved) should be verified for time-sensitive applications
+- Some Erdős problem backgrounds contain extensive LaTeX citations that may need special handling
+
+## Citation
+
+If you use this dataset in your research, please cite:
+
+```bibtex
+@misc{unsolvedmath2026,
+  title={UnsolvedMath: A Curated Collection of Open Mathematics Problems},
+  author={P. Chojecki},
+  year={2026},
+  howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/ulamai/UnsolvedMath}},
+  note={Includes over 1000 open mathematical problems}
+}
+```
+
+For the Erdős problems specifically:
+
+```bibtex
+@misc{erdos-problems,
+  title={Erdős Problems},
+  author={T. F. Bloom},
+  year={2026},
+  howpublished={\url{https://www.erdosproblems.com}},
+  note={Forum}
+}
+```
+
+## Additional Information
+
+### Dataset Curators
+
+UnsolvedMath project contributors
+
+### Licensing Information
+
+This dataset is released under the **Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)** license.
+
+You are free to:
+- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
+- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
+
+Under the following terms:
+- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit and indicate if changes were made
+
+### Updates and Maintenance
+
+- **Version**: 1.0.0
+- **Last Updated**: 2026-01-24
+- **Total Problems**: 1,146
+- **Erdős Problems Added**: 2026-01-24
+
+### Contact
+
+For questions, issues, or contributions, visit the project repository.
+
+---
+
+**Generated**: 2026-01-24
+**Version**: 1.0.0
+**Total Problems**: 1,146
+**Erdős Problems**: 632

categories.json

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+[
+  {
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "number_theory",
+    "display_name": "Number Theory",
+    "description": "Properties of integers, prime numbers, Diophantine equations.",
+    "slug": "number-theory",
+    "order_index": 1,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "combinatorics",
+    "display_name": "Combinatorics",
+    "description": "Counting problems, graph theory, discrete structures.",
+    "slug": "combinatorics",
+    "order_index": 2,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "graph_theory",
+    "display_name": "Graph Theory",
+    "description": "Problems involving graphs, networks, and their properties.",
+    "slug": "graph-theory",
+    "order_index": 3,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "algebra",
+    "display_name": "Algebra",
+    "description": "Group theory, ring theory, field theory, and algebraic structures.",
+    "slug": "algebra",
+    "order_index": 4,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 5,
+    "name": "algebraic_geometry",
+    "display_name": "Algebraic Geometry",
+    "description": "Geometric objects defined by polynomial equations.",
+    "slug": "algebraic-geometry",
+    "order_index": 5,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 6,
+    "name": "geometry",
+    "display_name": "Geometry",
+    "description": "Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry, geometric structures.",
+    "slug": "geometry",
+    "order_index": 6,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 7,
+    "name": "topology",
+    "display_name": "Topology",
+    "description": "Properties preserved under continuous deformations.",
+    "slug": "topology",
+    "order_index": 7,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 8,
+    "name": "analysis",
+    "display_name": "Analysis",
+    "description": "Limits, continuity, calculus, and function theory.",
+    "slug": "analysis",
+    "order_index": 8,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 9,
+    "name": "pde",
+    "display_name": "Partial Differential Equations",
+    "description": "PDEs and their applications in physics and geometry.",
+    "slug": "pde",
+    "order_index": 9,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 10,
+    "name": "set_theory",
+    "display_name": "Set Theory",
+    "description": "Foundations of mathematics, infinite sets, and cardinality.",
+    "slug": "set-theory",
+    "order_index": 10,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 15,
+    "name": "computer_science",
+    "display_name": "Computer Science",
+    "description": "Computational complexity, algorithms, and theoretical CS.",
+    "slug": "computer-science",
+    "order_index": 15,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 16,
+    "name": "physics",
+    "display_name": "Mathematical Physics",
+    "description": "Problems at the intersection of mathematics and physics.",
+    "slug": "physics",
+    "order_index": 16,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  }
+]

difficulty_levels.json

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+[
+  {
+    "id": 1,
+    "level": 1,
+    "name": "L1: Tractable",
+    "description": "Problems that may be within reach with current techniques. Reserved for future additions.",
+    "color_class": "text-green-600 bg-green-50 border-green-200"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 2,
+    "level": 2,
+    "name": "L2: Intermediate",
+    "description": "Challenging problems requiring solid mathematical background. Reserved for future additions.",
+    "color_class": "text-blue-600 bg-blue-50 border-blue-200"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 3,
+    "level": 3,
+    "name": "L3: Advanced",
+    "description": "Difficult problems requiring specialized knowledge and sophisticated techniques.",
+    "color_class": "text-yellow-600 bg-yellow-50 border-yellow-200"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 4,
+    "level": 4,
+    "name": "L4: Expert",
+    "description": "Very challenging problems at the frontier of mathematical research.",
+    "color_class": "text-red-600 bg-red-50 border-red-200"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 5,
+    "level": 5,
+    "name": "L5: Millennium Prize",
+    "description": "Millennium Prize Problems and problems of equivalent difficulty.",
+    "color_class": "text-purple-600 bg-purple-50 border-purple-200"
+  }
+]

sets.json

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+[
+  {
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "millennium_prize",
+    "display_name": "Millennium Prize Problems",
+    "description": "Seven problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute in 2000, each with a $1,000,000 prize for solution.",
+    "slug": "millennium-prize",
+    "order_index": 1,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "hilbert_problems",
+    "display_name": "Hilbert's 23 Problems",
+    "description": "David Hilbert's list of 23 unsolved problems presented at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris in 1900.",
+    "slug": "hilbert-problems",
+    "order_index": 2,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "green_problems",
+    "display_name": "Ben Green's 100 Open Problems",
+    "description": "A collection of 100 open problems in additive combinatorics and related areas, compiled by Ben Green.",
+    "slug": "green-problems",
+    "order_index": 3,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "darpa_challenges",
+    "display_name": "DARPA's 23 Mathematical Challenges",
+    "description": "Mathematical challenges identified by DARPA to drive fundamental research in mathematics.",
+    "slug": "darpa-challenges",
+    "order_index": 4,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 5,
+    "name": "smale_problems",
+    "display_name": "Smale's Problems",
+    "description": "Steve Smale's list of mathematical problems for the 21st century.",
+    "slug": "smale-problems",
+    "order_index": 5,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 6,
+    "name": "landau_problems",
+    "display_name": "Landau's Problems",
+    "description": "Four basic problems about prime numbers posed by Edmund Landau at the 1912 International Congress of Mathematicians.",
+    "slug": "landau-problems",
+    "order_index": 6,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 7,
+    "name": "hardy_littlewood_conjectures",
+    "display_name": "Hardy-Littlewood Conjectures",
+    "description": "A collection of fundamental conjectures on prime numbers, Goldbach-type problems, and Waring's problem from the \"Partitio Numerorum\" papers (1919-1923) by G.H. Hardy and J.E. Littlewood.",
+    "slug": "hardy-littlewood-conjectures",
+    "order_index": 7,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 8,
+    "name": "erdos_problems",
+    "display_name": "Erdős Problems",
+    "description": "A collection of open problems posed by Paul Erdős, one of the most prolific mathematicians of the 20th century. These problems span combinatorics, number theory, graph theory, and analysis.",
+    "slug": "erdos-problems",
+    "order_index": 8,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 9,
+    "name": "guy_prime_numbers",
+    "display_name": "Richard Guy - A: Prime Numbers",
+    "description": "Problems from Chapter A (Prime Numbers) of Richard Guy's \"Unsolved Problems in Number Theory\", a comprehensive collection of open questions in prime number theory.",
+    "slug": "guy-prime-numbers",
+    "order_index": 9,
+    "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  }
+]