scripts/convert_to_ud.py

"""
Convert sentences to Universal Dependencies format compatible with HuggingFace.
Structure follows: https://huggingface.co/datasets/commul/universal_dependencies/viewer/vi_vtb
Uses underthesea dependency_parse for proper annotations.

Optimized for GPU batch processing.
"""

import json
import os
from os.path import dirname, expanduser, join
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
import multiprocessing

# Fix GPU tensor compatibility issue with pack_padded_sequence
# The lengths tensor must be on CPU even when using CUDA
import torch
_original_pack = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pack_padded_sequence

def _patched_pack(input, lengths, batch_first=False, enforce_sorted=True):
    if lengths.is_cuda:
        lengths = lengths.cpu()
    return _original_pack(input, lengths, batch_first=batch_first, enforce_sorted=enforce_sorted)

torch.nn.utils.rnn.pack_padded_sequence = _patched_pack

from underthesea import dependency_parse, pos_tag

# Global model cache for batch processing
_models_loaded = False

# Map Vietnamese POS tags to Universal POS tags
# Based on: https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/
UPOS_MAP = {
    'N': 'NOUN',      # Noun
    'Np': 'PROPN',    # Proper noun
    'Nc': 'NOUN',     # Classifier noun
    'Nu': 'NOUN',     # Unit noun
    'V': 'VERB',      # Verb
    'A': 'ADJ',       # Adjective
    'P': 'PRON',      # Pronoun
    'R': 'ADV',       # Adverb
    'L': 'DET',       # Determiner/Quantifier
    'M': 'NUM',       # Numeral
    'E': 'ADP',       # Preposition
    'C': 'CCONJ',     # Coordinating conjunction
    'CC': 'CCONJ',    # Coordinating conjunction
    'SC': 'SCONJ',    # Subordinating conjunction
    'I': 'INTJ',      # Interjection
    'T': 'PART',      # Particle
    'B': 'X',         # Foreign word
    'Y': 'X',         # Abbreviation
    'S': 'SYM',       # Symbol
    'X': 'X',         # Other
    'CH': 'PUNCT',    # Punctuation
    'Ny': 'NOUN',     # Noun (variant)
}

# Vietnamese auxiliary verbs that should be tagged as AUX
# Based on UD Vietnamese validation data (data.json)
AUX_WORDS = {
    'bị', 'chưa thể', 'chắc chắn', 'có thể', 'có vẻ', 'cần',
    'giả', 'không thể', 'là', 'muốn', 'nghĩa là', 'nhằm',
    'nên', 'phải', 'quyết', 'thôi', 'thể', 'xong', 'được', 'định'
}

# Vietnamese determiners - words that should be DET when used as 'det' relation
DET_WORDS = {
    'các', 'những', 'mọi', 'mỗi', 'từng', 'bất kỳ', 'một', 'hai', 'ba',
    'này', 'đó', 'kia', 'ấy', 'nọ', 'nào', 'đấy', 'cái', 'con', 'chiếc',
    'người', 'cả', 'phá tán'  # Words that appear as det in the data
}

# Words that can be ADV when used as 'advmod'
ADV_WORDS = {
    'không', 'chưa', 'đã', 'đang', 'sẽ', 'còn', 'vẫn', 'cũng', 'rất',
    'quá', 'lắm', 'hơn', 'nhất', 'luôn', 'thường', 'hay', 'ít', 'nhiều',
    'tự', 'một cách', 'được', 'không thể', 'lại', 'cá biệt', 'dân sự'
}

# Invalid deprels that need to be mapped to valid ones
DEPREL_MAP = {
    'acomp': 'xcomp',  # Adjectival complement -> open clausal complement
    'nmod:comp': 'nmod',  # Invalid subtype
    'nmod:agent': 'obl:agent',  # Agent should be obl not nmod
    'nmod:with': 'nmod',  # Invalid subtype
    'nmod:about': 'nmod',  # Invalid subtype -> nmod
    'compound:number': 'nummod',  # Number compounds should be nummod
    'compound:nmod': 'compound',  # Invalid subtype
    'obl:pcomp': 'obl',  # Invalid subtype -> obl
}


def to_upos(tag, token=None):
    """Convert Vietnamese POS tag to Universal POS tag."""
    # Check if token is an auxiliary verb (case insensitive)
    if token:
        token_lower = token.lower()
        if token_lower in AUX_WORDS:
            return 'AUX'
        # Also check if lowercased token matches
        for aux in AUX_WORDS:
            if token_lower == aux.lower():
                return 'AUX'
    return UPOS_MAP.get(tag, 'X')


def fix_syntax_errors(tokens, upos, head, deprel):
    """
    Post-process to fix common UD SYNTAX validation errors.
    Returns fixed (upos, deprel) lists.
    Run multiple passes to handle dependencies between fixes.
    """
    n = len(tokens)
    upos = list(upos)
    deprel = list(deprel)
    head = [int(h) for h in head]

    # First pass: fix leaf nodes (aux/mark/case/punct should not have children)
    # Need multiple passes to handle chains of leaf nodes
    for _ in range(5):  # Multiple passes to handle chains
        changed = False
        for i in range(n):
            rel = deprel[i]

            # Leaf nodes should not have children - redirect children to parent
            # Include subtypes like aux:pass, mark:pcomp, etc.
            # Also include det, nummod, clf which should be leaves
            if rel.split(':')[0] in ('aux', 'cop', 'mark', 'case', 'punct', 'det', 'nummod', 'clf'):
                has_children = any(head[j] == i + 1 for j in range(n))
                if has_children:
                    my_head = head[i]
                    for j in range(n):
                        if head[j] == i + 1:
                            head[j] = my_head
                            changed = True
        if not changed:
            break

    for i in range(n):
        token_lower = tokens[i].lower()
        rel = deprel[i]
        pos = upos[i]

        # Fix 0: Map invalid deprels to valid ones
        if rel in DEPREL_MAP:
            deprel[i] = DEPREL_MAP[rel]
            rel = deprel[i]

        # Fix 1: rel-upos-det - 'det' (including subtypes) should be DET or PRON
        if rel.startswith('det') and pos not in ('DET', 'PRON'):
            # Force all 'det' relations to have DET or PRON UPOS
            upos[i] = 'DET'

        # Fix 2: rel-upos-advmod - 'advmod' (including subtypes) should be ADV
        if rel.startswith('advmod') and pos != 'ADV':
            # For advmod, always prefer changing UPOS to ADV
            upos[i] = 'ADV'

        # Fix 2b: rel-upos-nummod - 'nummod' should be NUM
        if rel.startswith('nummod') and upos[i] != 'NUM':
            # If token is clearly not a number (e.g., VERB), change relation instead
            if upos[i] == 'VERB':
                deprel[i] = 'acl'  # Adjectival clause for verbs
                rel = 'acl'  # Update local variable too
            elif upos[i] == 'ADJ':
                deprel[i] = 'amod'  # Adjectival modifier
                rel = 'amod'
            else:
                upos[i] = 'NUM'

        # Fix 3: rel-upos-mark - 'mark' (including subtypes) should not be AUX
        if rel.startswith('mark') and pos == 'AUX':
            upos[i] = 'SCONJ'

        # Fix 3b: rel-upos-punct - 'punct' must be PUNCT, and PUNCT must have 'punct' deprel
        if rel == 'punct' and pos != 'PUNCT':
            # Change relation to something appropriate based on POS
            if pos in ('VERB', 'NOUN', 'ADJ'):
                deprel[i] = 'dep'  # Use generic dependency
            else:
                upos[i] = 'PUNCT'

        # Fix 3b2: upos-rel-punct - PUNCT must have 'punct' deprel
        if pos == 'PUNCT' and rel != 'punct':
            deprel[i] = 'punct'
            rel = 'punct'

        # Fix 3c: rel-upos-case - 'case' should be ADP, not ADJ, AUX or PROPN
        if rel == 'case' and pos in ('ADJ', 'AUX', 'PROPN', 'NOUN', 'VERB'):
            upos[i] = 'ADP'

        # Fix 3d: rel-upos-cc - 'cc' should be CCONJ or SCONJ
        if rel == 'cc' and pos not in ('CCONJ', 'SCONJ'):
            upos[i] = 'CCONJ'

        # Fix 3e: rel-upos-aux - 'aux' should be AUX, but only for valid auxiliaries
        is_valid_aux = token_lower in AUX_WORDS or any(token_lower == aux.lower() for aux in AUX_WORDS)
        if rel.startswith('aux'):
            if is_valid_aux:
                upos[i] = 'AUX'
                pos = 'AUX'
            else:
                # Not a valid auxiliary - change relation to advcl or xcomp
                if pos == 'VERB' or upos[i] == 'VERB':
                    deprel[i] = 'advcl'
                    upos[i] = 'VERB'
                elif pos == 'ADP' or upos[i] == 'ADP':
                    deprel[i] = 'mark'
                    upos[i] = 'ADP'
                else:
                    deprel[i] = 'xcomp'
                rel = deprel[i]
                pos = upos[i]
        # Also fix AUX UPOS that's not a valid auxiliary (MORPHO aux-lemma)
        elif pos == 'AUX' and not is_valid_aux:
            upos[i] = 'VERB'  # Default to VERB for non-aux
            pos = 'VERB'

        # Fix 3f: rel-upos-cop - 'cop' should be AUX or PRON/DET, only 'là' is valid copula
        if rel == 'cop':
            if token_lower != 'là':
                # Not a valid copula, change to xcomp
                deprel[i] = 'xcomp'
                rel = 'xcomp'
            elif pos not in ('AUX', 'PRON', 'DET'):
                upos[i] = 'AUX'

        # Fix 4: obl-should-be-nmod - when parent is nominal, use nmod
        if rel.startswith('obl') and head[i] > 0:
            parent_idx = head[i] - 1
            if parent_idx < n and upos[parent_idx] in ('NOUN', 'PROPN', 'PRON'):
                # Preserve subtype if exists
                if ':' in rel:
                    deprel[i] = 'nmod:' + rel.split(':')[1]
                else:
                    deprel[i] = 'nmod'

        # Fix 5: (handled in first pass above)

    # Fix 5b: right-to-left relations - flat/conj/appos must be left-to-right
    for i in range(n):
        rel = deprel[i]
        base_rel = rel.split(':')[0]
        if base_rel in ('flat', 'conj', 'appos') and head[i] > 0:
            parent_idx = head[i] - 1
            if parent_idx > i:  # Parent comes after child (wrong direction)
                # Change to compound which allows both directions
                if ':' in rel:
                    deprel[i] = 'compound:' + rel.split(':')[1]
                else:
                    deprel[i] = 'compound'

    # Fix 5c: Apply DEPREL_MAP again to catch any newly created invalid deprels
    for i in range(n):
        if deprel[i] in DEPREL_MAP:
            deprel[i] = DEPREL_MAP[deprel[i]]

    # Fix 5d: Final check for nummod with wrong UPOS
    for i in range(n):
        if deprel[i].startswith('nummod') and upos[i] != 'NUM':
            if upos[i] == 'VERB':
                deprel[i] = 'acl'
            elif upos[i] == 'ADJ':
                deprel[i] = 'amod'
            elif upos[i] == 'NOUN':
                deprel[i] = 'nmod'
            else:
                upos[i] = 'NUM'

    # Fix 6: too-many-subjects - add :outer subtype for multiple subjects
    # Group all subject types (nsubj, csubj) by predicate
    predicates = {}
    for i in range(n):
        base_rel = deprel[i].split(':')[0]
        if base_rel in ('nsubj', 'csubj') and head[i] > 0:
            pred_idx = head[i]
            if pred_idx not in predicates:
                predicates[pred_idx] = []
            predicates[pred_idx].append((i, base_rel))

    for pred_idx, subj_list in predicates.items():
        if len(subj_list) > 1:
            # Sort by position to keep first subject as main
            subj_list.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
            # Mark all but the first as :outer (only nsubj:outer is valid, not csubj:outer)
            for idx, base_rel in subj_list[1:]:
                if ':outer' not in deprel[idx]:
                    # csubj:outer is not a valid UD relation, use nsubj:outer instead
                    deprel[idx] = 'nsubj:outer'

    # Fix 7: too-many-objects - add :pass or compound for multiple objects
    predicates_obj = {}
    for i in range(n):
        if deprel[i] == 'obj' and head[i] > 0:
            pred_idx = head[i]
            if pred_idx not in predicates_obj:
                predicates_obj[pred_idx] = []
            predicates_obj[pred_idx].append(i)

    for pred_idx, obj_indices in predicates_obj.items():
        if len(obj_indices) > 1:
            # Mark subsequent objects as compound
            for idx in obj_indices[1:]:
                # Check if it's adjacent to previous - likely compound
                if idx > 0 and obj_indices[0] == idx - 1:
                    deprel[idx] = 'compound'
                else:
                    deprel[idx] = 'iobj'

    # Fix 8: punct-is-nonproj - attach punctuation to avoid non-projectivity
    # Try to find the best attachment point that doesn't cross other edges
    for i in range(n):
        if upos[i] == 'PUNCT':
            # Try candidates in order: previous token, next token, then expand outward
            candidates = []
            if i > 0:
                candidates.append(i)  # Previous token (1-based)
            if i + 1 < n:
                candidates.append(i + 2)  # Next token (1-based)

            # Expand to find more candidates
            for dist in range(2, n):
                if i - dist >= 0:
                    candidates.append(i - dist + 1)  # 1-based
                if i + dist < n:
                    candidates.append(i + dist + 1)  # 1-based

            # Find best attachment that doesn't cause crossing
            best_head = candidates[0] if candidates else 1
            for cand in candidates:
                test_head = list(head)
                test_head[i] = cand
                if not punct_causes_crossing(i, cand - 1, test_head, n):
                    best_head = cand
                    break

            head[i] = best_head

    return upos, [str(h) for h in head], deprel


def punct_causes_crossing(punct_idx, new_head_idx, head, n):
    """Check if attaching punct to new_head causes any edge crossing."""
    if new_head_idx < 0 or new_head_idx >= n:
        return False

    p_low, p_high = min(punct_idx, new_head_idx), max(punct_idx, new_head_idx)

    # Check all other edges for crossing with this punct edge
    for j in range(n):
        if j == punct_idx:
            continue
        if head[j] > 0 and head[j] != punct_idx + 1:  # j has a head and it's not punct
            j_head = head[j] - 1
            if j_head < 0 or j_head >= n:
                continue
            j_low, j_high = min(j, j_head), max(j, j_head)

            # Check if edges cross (one endpoint inside, one outside)
            # Edges cross if: (p_low < j_low < p_high < j_high) or (j_low < p_low < j_high < p_high)
            if (p_low < j_low < p_high < j_high) or (j_low < p_low < j_high < p_high):
                return True

    return False


def compute_space_after(text, tokens):
    """Compute SpaceAfter=No for tokens based on original text."""
    misc = []
    pos = 0
    for i, token in enumerate(tokens):
        # Find token in text
        token_start = text.find(token, pos)
        if token_start == -1:
            # Token not found, assume space after
            misc.append("_")
            continue

        token_end = token_start + len(token)
        pos = token_end

        # Check if there's a space after this token
        if token_end < len(text):
            next_char = text[token_end]
            if next_char in ' \t\n':
                misc.append("_")
            else:
                misc.append("SpaceAfter=No")
        else:
            # End of text
            misc.append("_")

    return misc


def load_sentences(filepath):
    """Load sentences from sentences.txt or sentences_uvb.txt"""
    sentences = []
    with open(filepath, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        for line in f:
            line = line.strip()
            if line:
                parts = line.split("\t")
                # Handle both formats:
                # sentences.txt: idx\tsentence
                # sentences_uvb.txt: idx\tsource\tsentence
                if len(parts) == 2:
                    sentences.append(parts[1])
                elif len(parts) >= 3:
                    sentences.append(parts[2])
    return sentences


def process_single_sentence(args):
    """Process a single sentence (used for parallel processing)."""
    idx, text = args
    sent_id = f"s{idx}"

    try:
        # Use dependency_parse for tokens, heads, and deprels
        parsed = dependency_parse(text)
        tokens = [t[0] for t in parsed]
        head = [str(t[1]) for t in parsed]
        deprel = [t[2] for t in parsed]

        # Get POS tags
        tagged = pos_tag(text)
        if len(tagged) == len(tokens):
            xpos = [t[1] for t in tagged]
            upos = [to_upos(t[1], t[0]) for t in tagged]
        else:
            xpos = ['X'] * len(tokens)
            upos = ['X'] * len(tokens)

    except Exception as e:
        # Fallback to pos_tag only
        tagged = pos_tag(text)
        tokens = [t[0] for t in tagged]
        xpos = [t[1] for t in tagged]
        upos = [to_upos(t[1], t[0]) for t in tagged]
        head = ["0"] * len(tokens)
        deprel = ["dep"] * len(tokens)
        if len(tokens) > 0:
            deprel[0] = "root"

    # Apply syntax fixes
    upos, head, deprel = fix_syntax_errors(tokens, upos, head, deprel)

    # Create other fields
    n = len(tokens)
    lemmas = [t.lower() for t in tokens]
    feats = ["_"] * n
    deps = ["_"] * n
    misc = compute_space_after(text, tokens)

    return idx, {
        "sent_id": sent_id,
        "text": text,
        "comments": [f"# sent_id = {sent_id}", f"# text = {text}"],
        "tokens": tokens,
        "lemmas": lemmas,
        "upos": upos,
        "xpos": xpos,
        "feats": feats,
        "head": head,
        "deprel": deprel,
        "deps": deps,
        "misc": misc,
        "mwt": [],
        "empty_nodes": []
    }


def convert_to_ud_format(sentences, batch_size=32, num_workers=4):
    """Convert sentences to UD format using dependency_parse with batch processing."""
    global _models_loaded

    # Pre-warm models with a dummy sentence to load them into GPU memory
    if not _models_loaded:
        print("  Loading models into GPU memory...")
        _ = dependency_parse("Xin chào")
        _ = pos_tag("Xin chào")
        _models_loaded = True
        print("  Models loaded.")

    data = [None] * len(sentences)
    total = len(sentences)

    # Process in batches for better GPU utilization
    print(f"  Processing {total} sentences with batch_size={batch_size}...")

    for batch_start in range(0, total, batch_size):
        batch_end = min(batch_start + batch_size, total)
        batch = [(i + 1, sentences[i]) for i in range(batch_start, batch_end)]

        # Process batch - GPU models benefit from sequential calls within batch
        # as they can better utilize GPU memory
        for args in batch:
            idx, row = process_single_sentence(args)
            data[idx - 1] = row

        # Progress update
        processed = batch_end
        if processed % 100 == 0 or processed == total:
            print(f"  Processed {processed}/{total} sentences ({100*processed/total:.1f}%)")

    return data


def convert_to_ud_format_parallel(sentences, num_workers=None):
    """Convert sentences using multiple workers (CPU parallelism).

    Note: This is useful when GPU is bottleneck or for CPU-only processing.
    For GPU processing, use convert_to_ud_format with batch processing.
    """
    global _models_loaded

    if num_workers is None:
        num_workers = min(4, multiprocessing.cpu_count())

    # Pre-warm models
    if not _models_loaded:
        print("  Loading models...")
        _ = dependency_parse("Xin chào")
        _ = pos_tag("Xin chào")
        _models_loaded = True
        print("  Models loaded.")

    data = [None] * len(sentences)
    total = len(sentences)
    processed = 0

    print(f"  Processing {total} sentences with {num_workers} workers...")

    # Use ThreadPoolExecutor for I/O bound tasks with GPU
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=num_workers) as executor:
        futures = {
            executor.submit(process_single_sentence, (i + 1, sentences[i])): i
            for i in range(total)
        }

        for future in as_completed(futures):
            idx, row = future.result()
            data[idx - 1] = row
            processed += 1

            if processed % 100 == 0 or processed == total:
                print(f"  Processed {processed}/{total} sentences ({100*processed/total:.1f}%)")

    return data


def save_jsonl(data, filepath):
    """Save data as JSONL format."""
    with open(filepath, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        for row in data:
            f.write(json.dumps(row, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n")


def save_conllu(data, filepath):
    """Save data as CoNLL-U format."""
    with open(filepath, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        for row in data:
            f.write(f"# sent_id = {row['sent_id']}\n")
            f.write(f"# text = {row['text']}\n")
            for i in range(len(row['tokens'])):
                # ID FORM LEMMA UPOS XPOS FEATS HEAD DEPREL DEPS MISC
                line = "\t".join([
                    str(i + 1),
                    row['tokens'][i],
                    row['lemmas'][i],
                    row['upos'][i],
                    row['xpos'][i],
                    row['feats'][i],
                    row['head'][i],
                    row['deprel'][i],
                    row['deps'][i],
                    row['misc'][i]
                ])
                f.write(line + "\n")
            f.write("\n")


def main():
    import argparse
    import time
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Convert sentences to UD format")
    parser.add_argument("--input", "-i", type=str, help="Input sentences file")
    parser.add_argument("--output-dir", "-o", type=str, help="Output directory")
    parser.add_argument("--prefix", "-p", type=str, default="train", help="Output file prefix")
    parser.add_argument("--batch-size", "-b", type=int, default=64,
                        help="Batch size for GPU processing (default: 64, increase for more GPU usage)")
    parser.add_argument("--parallel", action="store_true",
                        help="Use parallel processing with multiple workers")
    parser.add_argument("--workers", "-w", type=int, default=4,
                        help="Number of workers for parallel processing (default: 4)")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # Default paths
    if args.input:
        sentences_file = args.input
    else:
        source_folder = expanduser("~/Downloads/UD_Vietnamese-UUD-v0.1")
        sentences_file = join(source_folder, "sentences.txt")

    if args.output_dir:
        output_dir = args.output_dir
    else:
        output_dir = dirname(sentences_file)

    print("Loading sentences...")
    sentences = load_sentences(sentences_file)
    print(f"Loaded {len(sentences)} sentences")

    # Check GPU availability
    if torch.cuda.is_available():
        print(f"GPU: {torch.cuda.get_device_name(0)}")
        print(f"GPU Memory: {torch.cuda.get_device_properties(0).total_memory / 1024**3:.1f} GB")
    else:
        print("GPU: Not available (using CPU)")

    print(f"\nConverting to UD format (batch_size={args.batch_size})...")
    start_time = time.time()

    if args.parallel:
        data = convert_to_ud_format_parallel(sentences, num_workers=args.workers)
    else:
        data = convert_to_ud_format(sentences, batch_size=args.batch_size)

    elapsed = time.time() - start_time
    speed = len(sentences) / elapsed
    print(f"\nCompleted in {elapsed:.1f}s ({speed:.1f} sentences/sec)")

    # Save as JSONL (for HuggingFace)
    jsonl_file = join(output_dir, f"{args.prefix}.jsonl")
    save_jsonl(data, jsonl_file)
    print(f"Saved JSONL to: {jsonl_file}")

    # Save as CoNLL-U (standard UD format)
    conllu_file = join(output_dir, f"{args.prefix}.conllu")
    save_conllu(data, conllu_file)
    print(f"Saved CoNLL-U to: {conllu_file}")

    # Print sample
    print("\nSample row:")
    sample = data[0]
    print(f"  sent_id: {sample['sent_id']}")
    print(f"  text: {sample['text'][:60]}...")
    print(f"  tokens: {sample['tokens'][:5]}...")
    print(f"  upos: {sample['upos'][:5]}...")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()