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README.md
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: data/train-*
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---
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: data/train-*
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task_categories:
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- text-to-image
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- T2I
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- Reasoning
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- Action
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- Benchmark
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size_categories:
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- n<1K
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---
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# AcT2I-Prompts
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## What is this?
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AcT2I-Prompts is the core prompt set from the AcT2I benchmark. It contains 125 base action-centric prompts that describe interactions between two animal agents (e.g. "a goose competing for dominance with a turkey") plus 3 enriched variants per base prompt:
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* `spatial_prompt`
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* `emotional_prompt`
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* `temporal_prompt`
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Each base prompt is also labeled along semantic axes:
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* `rarity_label` (how biologically/common the interaction is)
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* `emotional_valence` (aggressive / defensive / affiliative / communicative)
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* `spatial_topology` (pursuit vs physical contact vs distant interaction)
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* `temporal_extent` (instantaneous vs extended action)
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Total rows: 125 (one per base prompt). Each row includes all 4 textual variants.
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This repo intentionally does **not** include generated images or human study results. Those are released separately.
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---
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## Intended use
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This dataset is **for evaluation / analysis of text-to-image models**, not for training.
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Typical use:
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1. For each row, take the `base_prompt` and (optionally) the enriched `spatial_prompt`, `emotional_prompt`, and `temporal_prompt`.
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2. Generate images from your T2I model for each variant.
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3. Measure whether the model's image actually depicts the described interaction and action.
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These prompts are meant to stress-test spatial, temporal, and affective reasoning ("who is doing what to whom, in what posture, with what intent, at what moment").
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### Out-of-scope / disallowed use
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This dataset is **not** intended for:
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* Training or promoting violent / graphic animal content for shock or harassment.
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* Generating deceptive media presented as "real" wildlife attacks or staged cruelty.
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* Drawing conclusions about human social behavior, human interpersonal violence, or human identity bias. The benchmark is deliberately animal–animal and two-agent focused.
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Do not use this dataset to build abusive content pipelines.
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---
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## Data fields
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Each row in `data/prompts.jsonl` represents one base interaction scenario.
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* `id` (int)
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* `base_prompt` (str)
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* `animal1` (str)
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* `animal2` (str)
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* `action` (str)
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* `rarity_label` (str: `frequent` | `rare` | `very_rare`)
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* `emotional_valence` (str: `aggressive` | `defensive` | `affiliative` | `communicative`)
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* `spatial_topology` (str: `proximal-contact` | `pursuit / avoidance` | `distant interaction`)
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* `temporal_extent` (str: `instantaneous` | `extended action`)
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* `spatial_prompt` (str)
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* `emotional_prompt` (str)
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* `temporal_prompt` (str)
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There are no train/dev/test splits. All 125 rows are considered the official evaluation set.
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---
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## Dataset creation
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### Curation rationale
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Most existing "compositional" prompts test simple attribute binding ("a blue cat on a skateboard"). AcT2I instead targets **interaction semantics**: chasing, comforting, retaliating, asserting dominance, surrendering, etc. These require:
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* asymmetric roles (one agent acts on the other),
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* physically plausible contact / pursuit / restraint poses,
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* temporal cues (in the middle of an attack vs after being struck),
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* emotional / intent cues (aggressive vs affiliative).
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We focus on animal–animal interactions (instead of human–human violence or human identity scenarios) to:
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1. Reduce sensitive social/ethical risk around representing harm between humans.
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2. Get clearer signal about action depiction instead of immediately running into "the model can't draw human hands" failures.
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### How prompts were generated
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* We defined pairs of animals and an interaction verb (e.g. "competing for dominance with", "comforting", "chasing", "retaliating against").
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* We wrote a concise `base_prompt` for each interaction.
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* For each base prompt, we produced three enriched variants:
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* `spatial_prompt`: adds explicit body orientation / physical layout.
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* `emotional_prompt`: adds affect / intent wording.
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* `temporal_prompt`: anchors the scene in a specific moment or phase of action.
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* We assigned semantic labels (`rarity_label`, `emotional_valence`, `spatial_topology`, `temporal_extent`) to each base prompt.
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### Who created the data
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All prompts, enriched variants, and semantic labels were authored/verified by the AcT2I team. No personal names, locations, or other PII were included.
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---
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## Bias, risks, and limitations
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* **Violence / aggression content:** Many prompts explicitly describe aggression, dominance, pursuit, or threat between animals. This is intentional (models struggle most with these high-contact, asymmetric actions). However, it means the dataset can be used to generate violent-looking content. Please use responsibly.
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* **Scope limitations:** The benchmark is animal–animal only and two-agent only. Results should not be overgeneralized to human social interactions, medical scenarios, multi-agent scenes, tool use, etc.
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* **Biological plausibility:** Some interactions are biologically rare or borderline impossible. That is deliberate: we care about whether the model can depict the *requested* interaction clearly, not whether the interaction is common in nature.
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---
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## Citation
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If you use AcT2I-Prompts, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@article{malaviya2025act2i,
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title={AcT2I: Evaluating and Improving Action Depiction in Text-to-Image Models},
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author={Malaviya, Vatsal and Chatterjee, Agneet and Patel, Maitreya and Yang, Yezhou and Baral, Chitta},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.16141},
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year={2025}
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}
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```
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