image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3845485_fig4_246960.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Ultrasound images of hands in Case 3 before and after treatment. Shown are the representative ultrasound images of the left hand before treatment (a–d) and after 24 weeks of abatacept treatment (e–h). Ultrasound images before treatment reveal moderate synovial hypertrophy with moderate Doppler signals in the 3rd proximal interphalangeal joint (a) and severe synovial hypertrophy with moderate Doppler signals in the flexor tendon of the 3rd finger (b) and extensor carpi ulnaris longitudinal view (c) (see also webvideo 1) and transverse view (d) (see also webvideo 2). Corresponding ultrasound images after abatacept treatment demonstrate marked improvement (e–h). PP: proximal phalanx; MP: middle phalanx; FD: flexor digitorum; ECU: extensor carpi ulnaris. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4279815_Fig3_347513.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
Multi-slice computer tomography (MSCT) renal angiography of both kidneys in anteroposterior position shows severe left kidney damage (arrow) with 3 independent unobstructed arteries; two of them starting regularly, the third beginning caudally at the approximate position of the lower pole of the left kidney. (R = right kidney). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4494462_FIG4_403795.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Skull base target detection (microsurgical anatomy).Fine structures of cranial nerves obtained with MR heavy T2-images reconstructed using DICOM image analysis software. A: The optic chiasm (OC) and oculomotor nerve (arrows). B: The oculomotor nerve (arrow) close to a tumor (T). C: The trigeminal nerve (5th) and abducens nerve (6th). D: The facial nerve (7th), superior vestibular (sup) and inferior vestibular (inf) nerves, cochlea (co), and cochlear nerve. (Recommend to use magnified view) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2903919_F0002_68726.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Left eye five weeks after single intravitreal bevacizumab injection. (A) Color fundus photograph shows disappearance of subretinal blood, (B) transverse OCT shows marked reduction in the intraretinal fluids, (C) fundus fluorescein angiogram, early phase shows contraction of the membrane and fluorescein dye staining of the CNV scar and (D) late phase show no further leakage |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl7s3z7071ugh7p0ke2.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Ulcerative colitis |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic38915.jpg | which plane is the image shown in? | ap |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2762183_F0002_48014.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | (a) 3D CT scan showing involvement of the trochlea. (b) CT scan axial section showing the involvement of the trochlea upto the trochlear groove. (c) X-rays after implant removal showing normal articular congruity |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic57468.jpg | what part of the body does this ct scan show? | face, sinuses, and neck |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2248.jpg | What is present? | gastrointestinal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4382530_Fig1_374213.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Microscopic pictures of the three histopathological phenotypes of CAV in the coronary artery of heart transplantation recipients. a H-CAV 1 lesion, which shows infiltration of lymphocytes in the neo-intima layer; H-CAV 2 lesion, showing infiltration of lymphocytes together with infiltration of smooth muscle cells and formation of connective tissue; H-CAV 3 lesion, which shows a large fibrotic intimal lesion without inflammatory infiltrate (αSMA staining, magnification ×100, line indicates 100 μm). b Microscopic pictures of occluded coronary arteries by a thrombus or fibrotic tissue, respectively (HE staining, magnification ×20, line indicates 1 mm) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4118406_f4-sensors-14-09505_310625.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | SEM images (at 30° tilt) of the resist structure. (a) The 2 µm structures (resist lines represent the area between the electrodes), showing an almost 2 fold difference in the width of the top and bottom layer of the resist, with a narrower top part. The scalebar is 3 µm; (b) The resist structure at the end of an electrode, showing an inhomogeneous surface topography with a central groove. The electrode (dark region in between the light regions) is also ill-defined at the corner. The scale bar is 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3893488_F1_259024.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Axial MRI brain of patient. In panel A, there are T2-FLAIR hyperintensities involving the paramedian parietal and occipital lobes, suggesting vasogenic edema. T2-weighted images in panel B were taken three months after discharge and show a resolution of the abnormalities, confirming the diagnosis of PRES. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4701473_pone.0146384.g003_459357.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Photograph of bonded wafers before dicing.The stack contains 129 ASSAIs. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4380376_f2-wjem-16-260_373604.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Ultrasound technique and visualization. (A) Appropriate placement of the linear transducer (13MHz to 6MHz) at the wrist crease in transverse plane to evaluate for flexor tenosynovitis. (B) Ultrasound image in transverse view showing normal flexor tendons (highlighted in yellow) with no surrounding edema. The flexor tendons should lie anterior to the carpal bones identified by arrows for reference. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4063130_fig1_299502.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Various imaging findings of a 54-year-old female with CSM who underwent TBL at C3-C7 (left: before surgery, right: after surgery). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvd90io074y2o7785y9.jpg | Is there text? | No |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1995759_pone-0001009-g006_13877.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Colocalization of recombinant OVA proteins with MHC class II in murine BMDCs.MHC II-eGFP BMDCs were incubated with AF568 labeled-recombinant OVA protein (2μM) for 10 min. The live cells were then washed and kept on ice until imaging by confocal microscopy. Bar denotes 10 µM scale. Upper left: brightfield images. Upper right: red channel images demonstrating recombinant OVA proteins; Lower left: green channel images demonstrating MHC class II; Lower right: Merge images. Yellow pseudocolor indicates colocalization of recombinant OVA proteins and MHC class II. (a) ppOVAST, (b) ppOVA, (c) ppOVASTNQ, (d) ppOVANQ, (e) ppOVAST dg. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4569676_Fig1_423538.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Morphological characteristics of in-stent neoatherosclerosis on optical coherence tomography images. a In-stent necrotic core (yellow) within the neointima (green). b In-stent calcification (white) and macrophage infiltration (orange). c Neointimal rupture. d In-stent necrotic core (yellow) with thin overlying fibrous cap. Panels on the right are color-coded cartoons of the corresponding OCT images, explaining the composition of the neointimal tissue. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4043602_f4-etm-07-06-1471_293907.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Positive expression of chondrocytes with deep staining in the cajan leaf group (magnification, ×40; Immunohistochemical staining). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3584111_pone-0057264-g004_188769.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Cross lines identify the locations of all fiducials in the MRI (left) and CVH (right).For AC, PC, OX and RN, the left-side images are the axial (above) and coronal (below) section of T2-weighted MRIs; the right-side images are axial (above) and coronal (below) section of CVH datasets. Two axial sections are shown for PU-A and PU-L, respectively. AC: Center of anterior commissure; PC: Center of posterior commissure; RN: Gravity center of red nucleus; OX: Anterior tip of optic chiasm center; PU-A: Anterior tip of putamen; PU-L: Lateral tip of putamen. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3756012_pone-0073296-g010_227846.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | CAR’s intracellular domain (ICD) enters the nucleus.Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy images showing the presence of CAR ICD in nuclei of U87-MG cells. U87-MG cells were transiently transfected with empty pcDNA3.1 V5/His plasmid, full-length CAR-V5 plasmid or with CAR ICD-V5 plasmid. Immunofluorescence staining was performed 24-48 hours post-transfection using anti-V5 tag antibody and Alexa Fluor 555 secondary antibody (red). Nuclei were stained with DRAQ5 (blue). Images were acquired with a confocal microscope (63x oil objective). Images are representative of at least 3 independent experiments. Scale bars: 5 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzjdp8c086uawi78ty1.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2924269_F8_71565.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Apoptosis of breast and prostate cancer cells by SC/D-F9, tamoxifen and paclitaxel. MCF-7 (A-C) and MDA-MB-231 (D-F) cells were treated with DMSO (0.1%), SC/D-F9 (8.5 or 10.0 μg/ml, repectively), and tamoxifen (15 μM) for 24 hr while the PC-3 (G-I) and DU-145 (J-L) cells were treated with DMSO (0.1%), SC/D-F9 (7.4 and 7.2 μg/ml, respectively) and paclitaxel (50 nM) for 48 hr. The cells were stained with annexin V-FITC antibody (green staining) and propidium iodide (red staining) and observed using a fluorescence microscope (20× magnification). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4332475_pone.0117041.g001_359871.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation |
In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry of anion exchanger 1b (AE1b) in zebrafish larvae.AE1b mRNA was expressed by ionocytes (short arrows) and neuromasts (long arrows) of 72-h post-fertilization (hpf) larvae (A, B). No signal was found in larval skin with the sense probe (C). Confocal images of lateral-line neuromasts with the zebrafish AE1b antibody (D, E). AE1b was expressed on the apical portion of neuromasts in 96-hpf larvae (arrows, D). Magnification of the neuromast apical membrane showing that AE1b was expressed in stereocilia (arrows, E). The morphology of stereocilia was verified by an actin antibody (arrows, F). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3009617_F24_82109.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) assessment of bone mineral density of the femoral neck (A) and the lumbar spine (B): T scores of - 4.2 and - 4.3 were found at the hip (A) and lumbar spine (B), respectively in a 53 year-old male patient affected with Fabry disease. Courtesy: Dr Caroline LEBRETON, CHU Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3842638_F7_246524.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Transgenic expression of NS1 rescues the ability of an NS1 deletion virus to form dsRNA replication complexes. BHK21-VEEV-NS1 cells were transfected with CMV-launched infectious cDNA clones of pKUN1-WT, pKUN1-NS5 GDD/GAA, or pKUN1-∆-NS1. 48 hours later, cells were co-stained with antibodies against dsRNA (left panels) or NS3 (middle panels). Nuclei were stained blue with DAPI and images were merged (right panels). Images were processed by confocal microscopy. Representative images from three independent experiments are shown. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3319561_pone-0034097-g007_132720.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Localized endogenous MMP activity around Aβ plaques.A thin film of DQ gelatin was digested by metalloproteases, releasing fluorescence. This degradative activity occurred mainly around Aβ plaques (A–C). The activity of metalloproteases continued despite no new deposition of Aβ for one month in tetAPPsi mice (D). MMP activity was not observed in non-transgenic littermates (E) or in sections treated with the metalloprotease inhibitor, 1,10 PNTL (F). Antibody staining specific for mouse MMP9 indicated reactive endogenous cells (arrows) in close proximity to Aβ plaques deliver MMP9 (G–I) in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. The images shown are representative of an analysis of at least three sections from three animals. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qa1ekv08327hblemmg.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris iia |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1552053_F1_6722.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Chest radiograph showing soft tissue mass within the right hemithorax (A). CT (B) demonstrates that the mass contains low attenuation soft tissue suggestive of fat, and calcification, features in keeping with a teratoma. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3412288_F2_148560.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Post hoc gene effects on temporal lobe structure. We conducted voxelwise associations for the 22 significant genes we identified (gene names are shown at the bottom left of the images). A representative, axial slice is shown for all gene effects. Warmer colors represent more significant effects (i.e., higher effect sizes in the analysis of overall temporal lobe volume). p-values are corrected for multiple comparisons within the 3D image search region, using a regional false discovery rate method. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4466545_pone.0127330.g004_396561.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Plasticity of bXMCs.bXMC spread on four fibronectin patterns (disc, crossbow, I, or Y) of three sizes each [68]. (A) Number of cells that spread on each pattern. Cells were labeled with antibodies against (B) α and γ tubulins (green, magenta respectively), DAPI (blue), and (C) F-actin (red). (D) Over ten F-actin labeling images were averaged and color coded with the rainbow look-up table to highlight intensity (i.e tension) variations. Scale bar: 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4698785_fig2_458555.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Initial biopsy showing acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and keratotic plugging (HE, 10x). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4381101_Fig6_373764.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Potential overcall by cardiac postmortem MRI. A high atrial septal defect (arrow) was called on coronal T2-weighted postmortem MRI. Conventional autopsy of the heart was reported as normal. LA left atrium, RA right atrium |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_47623.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | A 63-year-old female who presented with 2 years history of cognitive decline, mainly in semantic and visual recognition functions. On axial FLAIR image, there is asymmetric temporal lobe atrophy without gliosis, right greater than left. Based on cognitive tests, clinical presentation and imaging findings the diagnosis of semantic type of fronto-temporal dementia was made. This pattern of atrophy should be distinguished from post-traumatic encephalomalacia following bilateral temporal contusions, based on clinical history and the absence of gliosis and blood byproducts on imaging |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3014972_F3_83031.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | PfSHMTm immunofluorescence images showing localization in the mitochondrion. (A) Two late trophozoites. (B-D) Mitotic schizonts. (E) Post-mitotic schizont. The images show the persistence of co-localization of PfSHMTm fluorescence with the mitochondria throughout the developmental cycle (scale bars 3 μm). The associated table shows the percentage volume (V%) and material (M%) co-localization data for PfSHMTm (Sm) and MitoTracker (MIT) fluorescence. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00209.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | No new contrast enhancement nor progression seen after treatment with fluconazole. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3702493_F2_215883.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Axial imaging of paraspinal non-seminomatous germ cell tumor treated to 2850 cGy. (a) Baseline computed tomography (CT) scan revealing paraspinal target lesion adjacent to the kidney at L1. (b) Cone-beam CT confirming TOD kidney. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4247957_fig6_340355.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CECT shows duplicated IVC (arrow) on either side of the abdominal aorta. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2892697_fig1_67581.jpg | What is shown in this image? | AP radiograph of both knees (a), CT (b), and MRI (c) examination, in a 55-year-old man, indicating synostosis of the proximal TFJ of the right knee initially, and 4 years later (d). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4590958_fig4_429073.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Echocardiographic visualization of the septal trough (dotted line) produced by a myectomy procedure. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2100.jpg | Does premature coronary disease show very enlarged spleen with multiple infarcts infiltrative process is easily seen? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3614600_F1_196027.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Slit lamp microscope photograph showing (A) sterile melting ulcers (arrowhead) of left cornea with fluorescence staining; (B) healed ulcers with faint scars (arrowhead) after the treatment. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3375262_pgen-1002759-g001_141667.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Brain MRI scans.Sagittal midline T2W brain MRI images of a normal and affected Finnish Hounds. (A) A control dog with normal cerebellum (arrow). (B) An affected dog that has smaller cerebellar size and increased cerebrospinal fluid space (white) between the cerebellum and the occipital bone ventrally (arrow). (C) An affected dog that shows reduced cerebellar size and increase in the fluid filled space in the area of the fourth ventricle (arrow). (D) Another affected dog that has reduced cerebellar size and increased fluid filled spaces between the cerebellar folia (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4119652_fig2_311004.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Radiographs pre- and postsurgery, six months and 28 months after surgery showing a lumbar VCF in an osteoporotic female patient and operative treatment using two titanium mesh cages placed in minimum-invasive technique transpedicularly. (a) preoperatively, ((b), (c)) postoperatively, ((d), (e)) for six months follow-up, ((f), (g)) for 28 months follow-up. ((h), (i)) MRI of the same patient six months after surgery showing bony healing of the vertebral fracture. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3402415_pone-0041392-g006_146107.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | The incorporation of MSCs into injured livers and differentiation of hepatic MSCs in vivo.(a, b) Expression of albumin in GFP-labeled MSCs engrafted in liver tissues, detected by immunofluorescence histochemistry of tissues from IL-1Ra/MSC and GFP/MSC rats. A circle refers to no albumin expression in GFP-labeled MSCs in IL-1Ra/MSC and GFP/MSC rats. (c) Histological appearance of the liver 4 weeks after cell perfusion. Apparent hepatocyte degeneration and increased infiltration of mononuclear cells were detected in the green fluorescent protein/mesenchymal stem cell (GFP/MSC) rats (A, B), but not in the IL-1Ra/MSC rats (C, D). Original magnification ×200 (A, C) ×400 (B, D). Original magnification ×400. Alb, albumin; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3329427_pone-0035322-g001_134355.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Time-lapse cinematography of ICSI and NT mouse embryos.A) Until 48 hours post activation (hpa), bright-field images were captured every 20 minutes. From 48 until 96 hpa, confocal optical sections of H2b-GFP expressing embryos were captured every 20 minutes. Time-lapse movies were evaluated to obtain the timing of cleavages. B) Cell division aberrancies such as failing cytokinesis (top panel; filled arrows) or cell fusions (bottom panel; empty arrows) were detected in both NT and ICSI embryos. Dotted lines indicate cell membranes. Scale bar, 20 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05022.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | PADRE image of a 35-year-old healthy woman. The signal intensity of the GM is homogeneously slightly hyperintese (arrow). The subcortical WM is homogeneously hypointense vis-à-vis the GM (arrowhead). GM, gray matter; WM, white matter. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3719018_F6_219407.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | RNAi induced by dsPns11 inhibited the spread of RGDV among insect vector cells. At 24 h after transfection with dsPns11 (A) or dsGFP (B), VCMs were inoculated with RGDV at a low MOI (0.001) and cultured in the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies. At 72 hpi, cells were immunolabeled with Pns11-FITC and P8-rhodamine, and then examined by confocal microscopy. Bars, 15μm. Insets are enlarged images of boxed areas. (C) Mean number of RGDV-infected cells/infection focus in VCMs after treatment with dsRNAs. Error bars indicate standard deviations from three independent experiments. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4100085_F2_306360.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | (a) 12 lead ECG of baseline tachycardia, suggestive of high left atrial tachycardia; (b) intracardiac electrograms revealing earliest A at base of left atrial appendage 47 ms ahead of surface P wave; (c) termination of tachycardia during RFA; (d) site of ablation at the base of left atrial appendage; HRA (high right atrium); ABL (ablation catheter); CS (coronary sinus); AP (anterior posterior) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4175749_fig6_322590.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm in the context of blunt chest trauma. Sagittal reconstruction of arterial phase MDCT demonstrates an abnormal contour of the thoracic aorta. A sacculation filled with iodinated contrast material involving the anterior aspect of transition of the aortic arch with the descending aorta, immediately after the emergency of the left subclavian artery, consistent with aortic pseudoaneurysm (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3880332_pone-0084969-g001_256436.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Sortilin immunostaining of grossly normal human young and old and atherosclerotic aorta and carotid vessels.Normal young vessels (A) do not display appreciable sortilin immunodetection; the latter is observed in old vessel intimal thickening and fatty streak and, more markedly, in fibroatheromatous plaque. Representative images (B) of serial sections of human fibroatheromatous plaque stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (H-E), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), CD68, sortilin, p75NTR and proNGF. Diaminobenzidine as chromogen, Haematoxylin counterstaining. Scale bar = 50 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_65708.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Axial enhanced CT through the mid abdomen demonstrating a low density seroma (*) deep to mesh (arrowheads). Note that the posterior wall of the seroma consists of enhancing granulation tissue (arrow) that is lower density than the mesh overall but has a subjectively similar density in some regions, particularly near the midline. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3876697_fig7_255042.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Clinical medical images in treatment planning: (a) contrast-enhanced axial CT scans through liver, (b) left ventricle in cardiac from MRI images and (c) transrectal ultrasound image of the prostate. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3400082_F5_145792.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | [18F]FDG-PET scans of cerebral glucose metabolism 9 months after fWBI of young adult male non-human primates.
Upper panel: post-fWBI < Pre-fWBI. Blue areas in the cuneate cortex and prefrontal cortex exhibited less metabolic activity in scans obtained 9 months after fWBI than in scans obtained prior to fWBI. Lower panel: post-fWBI > Pre-fWBI: the red areas in the cerebellum and thalamus exhibited greater metabolic activity in scans obtained 9 months after fWBI than in scans obtained prior to fWBI. The color bar is the degree of intensity difference shown as a scale of t values with P <0.001. Adapted from Robbins et al. (2012). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic25631.jpg | is there an abnormality in the x-ray? | no |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2361752_fig1_21526.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Immunohistochemical expression of VEGF, HIF-1α and HIF-2α by WHO-stage 1 (A, C, E and F) and WHO-stage 4 (B, D) PETs. (A, B) VEGF is highly expressed in a WHO stage-1 PET (A) and negative in a WHO-stage 4 PET (B). (C, D) HIF-1α cytoplasmic expression is strong in a WHO-stage 1 PET (C). HIF-1α nuclear expression is detected in a WHO-stage 4 PET (D). (E, F) HIF-2α cytoplasmic (E) and stromal (F) expression is detected in a WHO-stage 1 PET. Immunoperoxidase and haematoxylin nuclear counterstaining; original magnifications: A, × 250; B, × 250; C, × 150; D, × 500; E, × 200; F, × 250. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4656234_Fig29_446639.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | AP radiograph. Cementless total hip arthroplasty. Proximal prosthetic/metallic fracture through the neck of the femoral implant (arrowheads) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3591354_ppat-1003219-g004_190514.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Regional distribution, by PET-blot, of PrPres following the third passage of CWD1, CWD3, CWD5 and sheep scrapie in Bv109I.Coronal sections of the forebrain representing: telencephalon (A), diencephalon (B), midbrain (C) and hindbrain (D). In the lower part of the figure, the labelled coronal sections of negative control brain from 150 days old Bv109I are shown: VP, ventral pallidum; NC, neocortex; Hp, hippocampus; Th, thalamus; GN, geniculate nuclei; SN, substantia nigra; ICN, interposed cerebellar nucleus; MO, medulla oblongata. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2672.jpg | What does this image show? | anterior view |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4132276_F1_313381.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Clinical presentation of Case #1: Preoperative CT-scan (A) of the tumour in the lower left abdominal wall. Macroscopic presentation of the surgical specimen (B); central parts of the tumour are well delimited ('core'); the path of the primary laparoscopy is visible. The tumour infiltrated the abdominal skeletal muscles but did not extra into the abdominal cavity. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3521734_pone-0051454-g007_172620.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Localization of GFP-MSS-4 in tips of communicating cells during chemotropic growth and cell fusion.Cells expressing GFP-MSS-4 were imaged in a time-lapse experiment spanning 30 min. Selected time points are shown, as indicated. Left panels, GFP; right panels, bright field. Note the increased accumulation of GFP-MSS-4 at the contact point and during generation of the fusion pore. Images are representative for 20 fusion events observed. Bars, 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4168986_F3_321253.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Imaging study with 18Na-F Bone PET/CT. A: 18NA-F bone PET/CT imaging studies at baseline, before administration of radium-223 (Ra-223) dichloride, B: 8NA-F bone PET/CT imaging studies after 2 treatments with Ra-223 dichloride but before the third treatment. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4563831_Fig1_422062.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Efficacy of an intravitreal dobesilate injection to clear a vitreous hemorrhage in a diabetic patient. Photographs A and C were taken at presentation, and B and D were taken after 3 days of treatment. The non-recent and recent hemorrhages viewed at the presentation in the anterior segment (a) resolved after the treatment (b). At the presentation (c) the fundoscopy showed a blurred view of the retina caused by bleeding at the vitreous. After treatment (d), a clear view to the retina with residual blood was depicted. Note in B the abnormal appearance of the pupil due to luxation of the lens. The arrow indicates the paracentesis site |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01798.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Computed tomography (2012/6/15) showing a giant mass in the left thorax |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2851658_ppat-1000849-g002_61540.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Histopathology of rMA15 virus infected mouse strains.Mice were sacrificed at days 2, 5 and 9 post-infection for histopathological analysis. Lung sections were stained with H&E and photomicrographs of individual airways are shown in the figure. The left side of each matched pair is a 10X picture and the right side is 40X. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2242.jpg | Where is this from? | gastrointestinal system |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3239364_F1_119443.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunodetection of TXNDC5 in synovial membranes from patients with RA, OA and AS. (A) Immunolocalization of TXNDC5 in synovial membranes. The left lane indicates results of immunohistochemistry, and the right lane indicates results of immunofluorescent labeling. Original magnification: 100×. Arrows indicate the upper layer of synovial membranes. (B) Semi-quantitative analysis of immunofluorescent signals of TXNDC5. TXNDC5 had significantly higher expression in the synovial tissue of RA patients compared to the synovial tissues of OA and AS patients. AS, ankylosing spondylitis; OA, osteoarthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4114622_f5-ol-08-03-1090_309691.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealing a mass composed of mature fat cells, focal erosion and ulceration of the overlying colonic mucosa (hematoxylin and eosin stain; magnification, ×400). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54372.jpg | what plane was used? | axial |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glys533071uh5p3gbon.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White, Yellow |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3626859_F1_198655.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Perfusion MR images of the liver in a 49-year-old male patient with HCC, which showed classic enhancement features of hyper-vascularity at arterial phase and washout at portal venous phase and delayed phase by selected time points from 32 measurements. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2076.jpg | Is spleen present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4668577_f4_450085.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Morphology, adhesion, and distribution of BMMSCs grown on the three scaffold groups.BMMSCs grown on the three scaffold groups were uniformly stained with green and red fluorescence. Green: intercalated DNA by AO with fluorescence at 525 nm. Red: electrostatic RNA by AO with fluorescence at 630 nm. Yellow: combination of green and red above. No excitation: the bright field. Scale bar = 100 μm. Magnification: ×25. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3621383_fig13_197584.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) images (a, b) of a hand showing tendinous and periarticular MSU deposition (color coded—green). (Courtesy Dr. K. Glazebrook, Mayo clinic, Rochester, MN, USA). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3570759_Fig7_185321.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Echocardiographic parasternal long axis view two-dimensional (a) and motion (M) mode (b) of a WT mouse 8 days after pericardial injection. No evidence for pericardial effusion |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3085333_fig1_94142.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Acute myocarditis due to P. falciparum. (a) Extensive lymphocytic infiltrates surrounding myocardial capillaries and (b) Lymphocytes and parasitized RBCs sequestered in the lumen. Haematoxylin and eosin, ×20 (a) and ×40 (b); original magnification. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_68203.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Macerated anterior inferior labrum with an adjacent full-thickness chondral defect over the anterior inferior glenoid (arrow) and a posterior labral tear (arrowhead) on an axial proton density sequence. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4692397_pone.0145341.g007_456748.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Representative pictures showing the localization of blue and green autofluorescence emitted by HC and flavonoids respectively, in Oro A and SC exocarp sections (after NH3 treatment) during ripening and post-harvest.Magnification bar: 50 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3426524_pone-0043804-g004_151563.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | RNAi of ZC11A causes retention of polyA+ RNA in the nucleoplasm.A, B. The knockdown efficiency of ZC11A (A) or UAP56 (B) in HeLa cells was analyzed by Western. Loading controls were eIF4A3 (A) and CBP80 (B). Non-targeting siRNA was used as a control (cntl). C. Knockdown of ZC11A or UAP56/DDX39A results in retention of polyA+ RNA in the nucleus. PolyA+ RNA was visualized by FISH using an Alexa Fluor labeled oligo dT(70) probe. Scale bar, 10 µm. D. Same as C, except showing higher magnification of FISH images. Scale bar, 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3056620_F0002_89974.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Axial T2W (A), coronal FLAIR (B), and diffusion-weighted (C) images show complete disappearance of the lesion seen in Figure 1 |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1259.jpg | What is present? | potters facies |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2581533_F2_29900.jpg | What is shown in this image? | 3D CT reconstruction of the internal (lingual) aspect of the jaw demonstrates massive destruction of the lingual cortical bone; vestibular cortical bone appears as an interrupted thin line. The three-dimensional picture points out loosening of the trabecular features of the jaw bone. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4382992_f2_374312.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Microscopic characterization of mesoporous Au films.(a,b) Top-surface SEM images of mesoporous Au film prepared with a typical electrolyte containing PS18000-b-PEO7500 micelles and 3 ml THF as solvent. The deposition time is 1,000 s. (c–e) Top-surface SEM images of mesoporous Au films prepared with three electrolytes containing PS18000-b-PEO7500 micelles and different THF amounts ((c) 1 ml, (d) 2 ml and (e) 3 ml, respectively). (f–h) Highly magnified TEM images of mesoporous Au film prepared with a typical electrolyte containing PS18000-b-PEO7500 micelles and 3 ml THF as solvent. The assignment of crystal lattices is shown in Supplementary Fig. 5. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_79465.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Double-outlet right ventricle. Both outflow tracts (OF1 and OF2) are seen arising from the right ventricle (RV). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2605763_F2_31655.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Digital subtraction angiogram: Early arterial phase of the left internal carotid injection revealing an intradural nongalenic arteriovenous fistula supplied from the left MCA and diminished flow in the left ACA due to the high-flow fistula (A). The oblique view of the late arterial phase showing the varix draining into the left lateral sinus (B). Post-operative left internal carotid angiogram revealing the left ACA filling in normal pattern, and the left MCA re-filling to the point that the lesion was previously resected (C and D). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3567950_F5_184618.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Fluorescent detection of K8/K18 filaments and microtubules in control and acrylamide-treated cultures of bovine luteal cells. K8/K18 filaments (green fluorescence) and microtubules (red fluorescence) were immunostained in cultured bovine luteal cells following 4 h exposure to vehicle (Control, Figure 5A and B) or 5mM acrylamide (Figure 5C and D). Cells in control cultures exhibited a filamentous, K8/K18 intermediate filament network which spanned the cytoplasm (Figure 5A). Microtubles of these cells was similarly filamentous (red fluorescence; Figure 5B). Conversely, cells of acrylamide-treated cultures exhibited peri-nuclear aggregation of K8/K18 filaments (Figure 5C), yet the microtubules were unaffected (Figure 5D). Magnification: 40x. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_32641.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | At the time of diagnosis. Imaging studies of patient, CT thorax, and abdomen and pelvis show bilateral adrenal masses which are homogenous measuring 3.7 × 5.4 × 6.3 cm on the left (78.3 average HU), while the right adrenal gland measures 5.5 × 2.7 × 5.9 cm (72.7 average HU). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2711954_F6_41634.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | A-B. Cryosections showing EYFP fluorescence in almost all cell types 24 h following microinjection and electroporation of the CMV-driven EYFP-N1 plasmid. Note that only one half of the tubule is successfully electroporated. The tubule outline is shown by the white dashed line. C-F. EYFP fluorescence in different cell types 24 h following microinjection and electroporation of the CMV-driven EYFP-N1 with subsequent dissolution of the tubule and cytospin centrifugation of individual cells. Cell nuclei are labelled using TO-PRO. G-H. Direct fluorescence of EYFP in intact seminiferous tubules 24 h following microinjection and electroporation of the CMV-driven EYFP-N1 plasmid. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4546451_F3_416832.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Cardiac magnetic resonanceSteady-state free precession cine imaging demonstrated a right atrial mass with a large base of implant on the inter-atrial septum. (Panel A.; still frame, off-axis four-chamber view). The mass was hyperintense on T1 images with fat saturation (Panel B.), and on T2-weighted STIR images (Panel C.). After gadolinium injection, inhomogeneous late gadolinium enhancement was evident (Panel D.). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3158749_pone-0022962-g001_105654.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | FRAP experiment in an NLFK cell stably expressing EYFP.(a) The average (n = 10) bleach profile measured on fixed cells expressing EYFP. Scale bar 2 m. (b) Fluorescence distribution before the bleach pulse and the position of the circular bleach area (diameter 20 pixels, FWHM 3.7 m). Subsequent images show the fluorescence distribution immediately (t = 0 ms), and 250 ms and 1 s after the bleach pulse. Scale bar 10 m. (c) The measured recovery curve (Axelrod normalization) and a fit by the free-diffusion model of Soumpasis. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3626859_F1_198656.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Perfusion MR images of the liver in a 49-year-old male patient with HCC, which showed classic enhancement features of hyper-vascularity at arterial phase and washout at portal venous phase and delayed phase by selected time points from 32 measurements. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45556.jpg | what is the plane? | axial |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyqdoew086uf94edxpp.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3528438_F2_174645.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Microscopic features of a bovine ovary with squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii. (A) Cystic cavity in the ovary filled with keratinized material and lined by single layered cuboidal epithelium (arrowhead) transitioning into a keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium (arrow). (B) Detail of the cystic wall with an area of single layered cuboidal epithelium. (C) Detail of the cystic wall with an area of double layered epithelium. (D) Detail of the cystic wall with an area of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. Hematoxylin and eosin. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3895919_f5_259505.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Detection of nitric oxide synthase in both healthy and P. falciparum-harboring red blood cells.NADPH-diaphorase activity within healthy RBCs or PfRBCs at different stages of parasite development (A). The panel (A1) represents the negative control (uRBCs or PfRBCs incubated with NBT without NADPH). NADPHd staining (blue color) was observed in both uRBC and parasite (A2). Identification by immunofluorescence assay (IF) of NOS within uRBCs or PfRBCs using rabbit polyclonal antibody against uNOS (B1, green) or mouse monoclonal antibody against eNOS (B2, green). To differentiate infected from uninfected RBCs, parasite nucleus was labeled in blue with Hoechst 33342. A monoclonal antibody against parasite SERA5 was used to localize the parasitophorous vacuole (red). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_drawing/train_0538.jpg | Does one marrow show stellate-shaped portal triad, with extension of fibrous spurs into lobules? | no |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/cell_other/train_1023.jpg | What does this image show? | cementoblastoma |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4016158_pone-0096938-g006_287353.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | BMP-7 has potential to partially induce the formation of maxillary supernumerary incisors formation in vitro.Enhanced BMP-7 rescue the formation of maxillary incisor supernumerary tooth in E15 USAG-1 mutant mice in organ culture and subrenal capsule assay. The incisor explants supplemented with BMP-7 in USAG-1+/− (E and H) and USAG-1−/− (F and I) have supernumerary tooth in similar incidence after 20 days of culture, whereas these cultured explants in USAG-1+/+ (D and G) maintained the normal tooth number. (A–C) Explant appearance. (D–F) Coronal and (G–I) sagittal sections of explant. (J–L) Sagittal sections of control explant. (M) Table showing the relationship between number of teeth of explants and USAG-1 phenotypes. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3701694_pone-0068905-g007_215788.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Celastrol improves histopathology of CIA rats.
A–D: On day 20 after the primary immunization, CIA rats received celastrol (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) daily for 3 weeks. The histological features of right hind knee joint synovium from Normal control, CIA+Vehicle, CIA+Cel (0.5 mg/kg), and CIA+Cel (1 mg/kg) groups were assessed by H&E staining. E: Comparisons of histological scores among groups (n = 8 observations each group). The H&E stained sections were scored for the degree of synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cells infiltration by grading from 0 to 3 (scale bar: 200 µm). Values are shown as mean ± SD. *
P<0.05 versus CIA+Vehicle, †
P<0.05 versus CIA+Cel (0.5 mg/kg). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4088312_F1_304629.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Abdominal computed tomography scan revealing hydroaeric levels inside the uterus. a: coronal view. b: transverse view. |
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