image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_5/PMC3496517_Fig1_165517.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image |
a Flow cytometric analysis for detecting αVβ3 integrin expression on human hepatocellular carcinoma HuH-7 cells in culture. HEK293(β1) and HEK293(β3) were used as the negative and positive controls, respectively. b Immunohistochemical staining of human αVβ3 integrin in HuH-7, HEK293(β1), and HEK293(β3) tumor xenografts. c HE staining and CD31 immunohistochemical staining of tumor vasculature in HuH-7 tumor xenografts |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4133372_pone-0105099-g001_313573.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Characteristics of TDLU and CCH, and laser capture microdissection.Tissues were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and immunohistochemically stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Selected specimens were stained for ERα as additional control for the selection of the lesions. A) Identification of TDLU (arrow head) and CCH (arrow) based on morphology (microscopic evaluation) (20X). B) ERα expression in TDLU and CCH (20X). C–H) Images of TDLU (upper panel C–E) and CCH (lower panel F–H) before (C, F) and after laser capture microdissection (LCM) of epithelia (D, G) and stroma (E, H) (40X). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3556569_F5_181705.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Statistical parametric mappings (SPM) of the average neural activity within the sighted group during visual and haptic identification of facial expressions compared with shoes (VFE − VS for vision and HFE − HS for haptics). The size of activation was thresholded at P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons, when the height threshold was set at Z > 2.58. (A) The three-dimensional information was collapsed into two-dimensional sagittal, coronal, and transverse images. (B) The activation patterns during identification of facial expressions relative to shoes were superimposed on a surface-rendered T1-weighted high-resolution MRI averaged across the subjects. Regions in yellow were activated by both vision and haptics (conjunction analysis). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3128046_F6_101179.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Positive selection acting on species clades. Positively selected sites identified on species clades are shown in a van der Waals representation on the SAL1 3D structure. Positively selected sites that matched amino acids involved in ligand binding are in yellow, the others in pink. Amino acids involved in ligand binding are in blue, the same as in Figure 4. Positively selected amino acids were identified by PAML computations using branch site models. A: in marmoset, B: in guinea pig, C: in horse, D: in mouse and E: in dog. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic50055.jpg | which organ is captured by this x-ray? | musculoskeletal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3958434_pone-0092001-g002_274963.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | FDG PET/CT images from a 59-year-old male with Barrett's esophagus.PET/CT showed intense FDG accumulation with correlative wall thickening in the esophagogastric junction (cursor, SUVmax = 5.6). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3683007_pone-0065379-g002_211532.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Identification of transgenic cloned goats.(A) Cloned transgenic blastocysts under bright field (A1) and fluorescence (A2). (B and C) EGFP expression in cloned goats was observed using a Dual Fluorescent Protein Flashlight (B), and no EGFP expression was observed in wild-type goats (C). (D) PCR analysis. M, Marker; Lane 1, wild-type goat (negative control); Lanes 2–3: transgenic cell lines F1HBDC1 and F1HBDC2 (positive control); Lanes 4–12: transgenic goats. (E) Southern blot analysis. Lane 1, pEBB vector (positive control); Lane 6, wild-type goat (negative control); Lanes 2–5 and 7–11, transgenic goats. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_65668.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | DSA of the left vertebral artery showing no vascular lesion |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4349791_Fig1_364054.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. |
Examples of AOs classes of the cervical x-ray images. Samples of Macnab’s classification and their osteophyte severity grading in the cervical vertebrae x-ray images, (a) normal (b) moderate traction (c) severe claw and (d) slight claw-traction. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00799.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | LODOX image. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3968744_fig8s1_277153.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | NaD1-induced membrane blebs do not retract once U937 cells are permeabilized.Live confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of NaD1-treated U937 cells in the presence of PI. Cells were imaged over a period of 40 min, with NaD1 (10 μM) being added at 7 min.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01808.021 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4182442_pone-0107952-g009_324318.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Morphological assessment of NHDF on hydrogels with SEM.SEM images of NHDF adherent on (a,b) alginate, (c,d) ADA70-GEL30, (e,f) ADA60-GEL40, (g,h) ADA50-GEL50, (i,j) ADA40-GEL60, and (k,l) ADA30-GEL70 after 4 days (left column) and 7 days (right column) of incubation. Black arrows and white arrows indicate filopodia and microvilli of cells, respectively. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0926.jpg | Does thickness and intensity of colour of arrow on left side of figure show a normoblast? | no |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_54160.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | MRI examination performed at 5 months after surgery. T1-weighted image after contrast administration, coronal plane: in the sphenoid sinus there is the round structure with slight peripheral enhancement. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4410672_f9_381018.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Lipid inclusions in lysosomes of caveolin 1−/− cells.(a) Immortalized MEFs from wild type or caveolin 1−/− animals were loaded for 3 h at 37 °C with 5 μM of non-fluorescent GM1 in the presence of 0.2% BSA. Prior to imaging cells were labelled with nile red (0.5 μM) and LysoTracker Deep Red (20 nM ) according to manufacturer instructions. (b) Quantification of nile red in lysosomes. Each dot represents one cell, lysotracker-positive pixels were isolated by thresholding as described in Methods. Bars are mean and s.e.m. (c) Electron micrographs of GM1 loaded control and caveolin 1−/− MEFs showing lipid inclusions in lysosomes from caveolin 1−/− cells (highlighted with black arrows). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glxs51z071u66002dpu.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3893507_F5_259035.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Representative images of NGFR immunohistochemistry showing urothelial localisation in a range of bladder conditions including “A” non-diseased bladder taken during radical prostatectomy, “B” idiopathic detrusor overactivity and “C” stress urinary incontinence and “D” interstitial cystitis. Supra-basal expansion of NGFR labelling was only occasionally observed in idiopathic detrusor overactivity and stress urinary incontinence (see Table 2). In ketamine cystitis biopsies (“E”, “F” & “G”), supra-basal expansion of the intense NGFR labelling was observed in 10 of the 16 patients who retained intermediate urothelial cells. Scale bar in panel “G” represents 100 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4632301_fig1_440657.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Anoctamin 6 is localized in the plasma membrane and the primary cilium of MDCK cells. (a) MDCK cells grown on permeable supports were stained for ANO6 providing round distinct signals; (b) cells in a were stained for the ciliary marker acetylated tubulin; (c) merged photo of a and b are shown; (d) calculated colocalization in white of the magnified section marked in c are shown as described in the Materials and Methods section; (e–h) three-dimensional illustration of MDCK cells stained for nuclei (DAPI, e), ANO6 (f) and primary cilia (acetylated tubulin, g); (h) calculated colocalization of ANO6 and acetylated tubulin highlighted in white |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3177881_F1_109333.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Frontal chest radiograph shows a rim calcified lesion (left panel). Lateral chest radiography confirms that the rim calcified mass resides within the anterior mediastinum (right panel). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03210.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Axial brain ct showing pineal gland calcification |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4452730_pone.0126874.g012_392624.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | (A–F) X-rays demonstrating the position of the floating barium sulfate-labeled tablet in the gastrointestinal tract of New Zealand rabbits at different time points.X-ray taken at (A) 15 min, (B) 4 h, (C) 8 h, (D) 12 h, (E) 18 h, and (F) 24 h. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3871519_pone-0083681-g002_253732.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Nepmucin/CD300LG shows heterogeneous expression patterns in distinct compartments of the thymus and spleen.(A-E) Frozen sections of thymus (A), spleen (B), liver (C), kidney (D), and small intestine (E) were stained with an anti-nepmucin mAb (Alexa Fluor 594; red) and anti-PV-1 mAb (Alexa Fluor 647; blue). Cryosections of the thymus (A) and small intestine (E) were further incubated with Hoechst 33342 (white). In the thymus (A), the cortico-medullary junction is indicated by a dotted line. Med: medulla, Cor: Cortex, CA: central artery, WP: white pulp, RP: red pulp, CV: central vein, GL: glomerulus. Scale Bars, 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4030966_biomolecules-03-00848-f002_290953.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Arabidopsis PDIA1 homologs fused to GFP localize to the ER. (A) PDI5:GFP-KDEL; (B) PDI6:GFP-KDEL; (C) PDI1:GFP-KDEL; (D) PDI2:GFP-KDEL; (E) PDI3:GFP-KDEL; (F) PDI4:GFP-KDEL. Each chimeric fusion was co-expressed in leaf protoplasts with the ER marker, ER:mCherry. GFP signal is shown in Column 1, mCherry signal in Column 2, and a merge of both signal patterns in Column 3. Chlorophyll autofluorescence is shown in Column 4. The white bars in Column 1 represent 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3156730_F1_105226.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Characterization of decidual mononuclear cells by immunochemistry. Frozen decidua basalis sections were stained with Isotype matched Ig control (A), anti-CD34 (B), anti-Cytokeratin 7 (C), anti-CD14 (D), anti-CD56 (E) and anti-CD3 (F). Staining were visualized with diaminobenzidine (brown cells in B, D, E and F) or Vector red (red cells in C) chromogen and tissue sections were counterstained with haematoxylin. Images were taken at ×100 (A, B, C and E) or ×200 (D and F) magnification. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glos4qr071ubtmjga43.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qd1epf083290jn05a0.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3388422_fig1_143737.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Computed tomography (CT) of the chest at the initial presentation of patient on the fifth day following rituximab treatment (a) and 20 days after initiation of steroid treatment (b). Arrows show bilateral pulmonary patchy infiltrates. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3965927_fig1_276640.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Oblique CT images before ((a), (b)) and after contrast medium administration in the arterial phase ((c), (d)), portal phase ((e), (f)), and delayed phase ((g), (h)) showing the foreign body and perifocal contrast-enhancement. In the lower images ((b), (d), (f), and (h)) a density color map has been superimposed using Advantage Workstation 4.5 (GE) to better depict the increase of HU in the different phases. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1434.jpg | Where is this? | oral |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4535393_Fig1_414302.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | The computed tomography image of the chest demonstrated a normal-sized heart with dextrocardia, right-sided gastric air bubble, aortic knob and descending aorta. The left hemidiaphragm was higher than the right one. This picture was compatible with situs inversus totalis. a Thoracic computed tomography scan shows the dextrocardia (b and c). The computed tomography image of the abdomen. CT scan shows the liver on the left side and spleen on the right, which confirms the presence of situs inversus totalis. Note the situs inversus anatomy of the abdominal organs. L: Liver S: Spleen (d and e) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3449120_fig1_156802.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Radiographic film obtained with one disc of each material and the graduated aluminum stepwedge. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4237234_fig3_337602.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | pSTATSer727 associates with mitochondria of CLL-BC but not N-BC. (a) CLL-BC
(n=10) and N-BC (n=2) were processed for transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) as described. Left panel: representative images of B-cell ultrastructures. Right
panel: quantification of mitochondria numbers per TEM cell section. Data are presented as
mean±S.E.M., (**P<0.01). (b and c) CLL-BC
(n=3) and N-BC (C, n=2) were fixed, permeabilized and processed for
immunogold labeling and TEM using rabbit pSTAT3Ser727 (b) or total STAT3
(c) antibody, as indicated. White and black arrow heads, respectively, indicate cytosol and
plasma membrane (PM)- localized signals; dashed black arrows indicate nuclear (N) signals; white
arrows indicate signals associated to mitochondria |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3912894_fig1_263785.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | (a) Cut surface of the liver with a micronodular appearance. (b) H&E 4X, Highlighting nodularity. (c) Reticulin stain 4X, again highlighting nodularity. (d) Trichrome satin 4X, showing absent fibrosis. (e) H&E 4X, portal space with chronic inflammatory infiltrate, inset 40X, Reed-Stenberg cells on a lymphoid background. Immunohistochemical studies: (f) LMP 40X, inset CD 20 100X. (g) CD 30 100X, presenting Positive Reed Stenberg cells and (h) CD 15 40X and Inset CD 15 100X, presenting Positive Reed Stenberg cells. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4097198_Fig2_306014.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Imaging examinations. a Before chemotherapy. b After chemotherapy. a-1 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showing Borrmann’s classification type 2 cancer in the second part of the duodenum. a-2 Hypotonic duodenography showing the tumor (arrow). a-3 Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography, showing a tumor 9 cm in diameter with invasion of the pancreatic head and superior mesenteric vein (SMV). b1-3 After chemotherapy, the tumor had decreased in size and invasion of the SMV had regressed |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2483284_F6_25829.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Histological examinations of gastric remains of a Mexican mummy with hematoxin-eosin stain. A) 4×; B) 10×; C) 40×, and D) 100×. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_48543.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | MCL bursitis. The coronal fat saturated proton density weighted image demonstrates a small fluid collection between the deep MCL (meniscofemoral ligament: grey arrow, meniscotibial ligament: black arrow) and the superficial portion (white arrow) of the MCL |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_arm/train_0079.jpg | What are seen at higher magnification (bottom)? | cytopathic changes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4483240_pone.0130815.g001_400643.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Changes in renal histology after antioxidant treatment for 16 weeks.Diabetic OLETF rats at 20week of age were injected i.p. either with treatment of 3mg/kg of Tat-GFP or the same amount of antioxidants in combination biweekly. (A) Representative renal histologic findings demonstrated by Periodic acid Shiff (PAS) staining (magnification X400); (B) Electron micrograph of glomerulus (magnification X20000); (C) Quantitative analysis of images of PAS-stained kidney sections; (D) Quantitative analysis of images of GBM thickness via electron micrographs. (E) Quantitative analysis of foot process width via electron micrographs. Values are means±SEM (n = 8 rats in each group). b
p<0.01 vs. Tat-GFP treated group. Abbreviations; TGFP: Tat-GFP, TMTS: Tat-MT-Tat-SOD combination. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4141804_pone-0105762-g008_315108.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
125I-SI Ang II binding comparison.Comparison of 125I-SI Ang II binding in the brains of neurolysin KO and WT mouse strains in the presence of PCMB, losartan, and PD123319. Bregma −1.82 mm for KO, and Bregma −1.70 mm for WT histological and autoradiogram sections. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4261589_Fig1_343207.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. |
SIB-IMRT plan. (A) SIB-IMRT plan for a 47-year old male anal cancer patient (cT2cN0M0). Light green: 38 Gy, blue: 45 Gy pelvis field. (B) IMRT boost volume, second series to the tumor. Yellow: 14 Gy. Pink: GTV. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2956.jpg | Is cardiovascular present? | yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_48776.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Chest x-ray showing diffuse subcutaneous emphysema (black arrows) and a right-side pneumothorax (white arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3310740_F3_131164.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Abdominal MRI scan. Abdominal MRI scan showing the tumor at segment IV of the liver. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4331822_F5_359569.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Myocardial metastases from tongue cancer. A - MIP image showing tracer uptake in left neck region (thin arrow), with another large area in thorax (thick arrow). Focal uptake is noted in cardiac region (arrow-head). B - large hypodense lesion in left ventricular myocardium, C - FDG uptake in the myocardial mass. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic44991.jpg | what part of the body does this ct scan show? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3783945_F4_233771.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | (A) Regions for tractography in left BA19 (green sphere) and left cuneus (yellow sphere). The ASD group showed weaker functional connectivity relative to controls between these regions during a mental rotation task. The bar graph shows the strength of functional connectivity (FC) in the Control group (blue) and ASD group (orange) between these regions. (B) Example of white matter tracts that directly connect the left BA19 and left cuneus regions in one participant. The bar graph shows Fractional Anisotropy (FA) in the Control group (blue) and ASD group (orange) in these white matter tracts. *indicates statistical significance with p < 0.05. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4101360_F2_306671.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Example of patients with and without atelectasis. Left: MRI coronal and axial images used as reference method to detect anesthesia-induced atelectasis. Right: Atelectasis induced by anesthesia is determined by LUS as irregular pleural line and subpleural consolidation with air bronchograms and trailing B lines. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_skull/train_1209.jpg | What is present? | basilar skull fracture |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3407708_F3_147301.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Computed tomography images of the cervical spine. (A) Complete absence of the posterior arch of the atlas with an anterior cleft was observed. (B) The sagittal plane of the three-dimensional computed tomography scan shows the os odontoideum. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03765.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Computer tomography (CT) with an oral contrast swallow, showing distal contrast leakage and gas bubbles in the mediastinum only few hours after pneumatic dilatation for achalasia. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4172879_Fig5_322173.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see |
TREM-2 expression after 70-minute hypoxia-ischemia (HI) insult. Representative photomicrographs show TREM-2+ immunohistochemical staining in the contralateral (A) and ipsilateral (B) hemispheres at 24 hours after HI. (C and D) TREM-2+ cells in the hippocampus in the brain parenchyma (C) and blood vessels (D). (E) TREM-2+ cells in the choroid plexus at 24 hours after HI. (F) A higher magnification of TREM-2+ staining. (G-L) TREM-2 staining (H) co-localizes (G, arrows) with microglia marker Iba-1 (I) in the choroid plexus at 24 hours after HI. (J) DAPI nuclear staining. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4018347_pone-0097364-g008_287835.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Histone modifications at 180-bp knobs in chang7-2 root nuclei.(A) 2D image. DAPI staining signals in blue, immunosignals in green and knob 180-bp signals in red. (B) Image after 3D deconvolution. (C) The intensity signals along the white line. The horizontal axis indicates the location of the selected chromatin, and the vertical axis indicates the grey level. Scale bar = 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3324272_f2-can-6-247_133515.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (a) Microphotograph of first surgical specimen: magnification 100X showing moderate stromal hypercellularity with mild nuclear atypia/pleomophism of the spindle cells and myxomatous stromal overgrowth. Focal mildly atypical epithelial hyperplasia was also noted, suggestive of phyllodes tumour (Borderline type). (b) Microphotograph of first surgical specimen: magnification 400X. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_mouth/train_2183.jpg | Does candida show condyloma accuminatum? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4656246_Fig16_446944.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | MRI findings in periportal infiltrating variety of hepatic lymphoma in a 60-year-old man. Axial (a and b) and coronal (d) T2-weighted and diffusion weighted (c) MR images demonstrating a mildly hyperintense ill-defined juxta-hilar diffusion restricting mass (arrowheads) completely encasing the common bile duct (solid arrow in d) and vessels at porta with resultant upstream biliary dilatation (interrupted arrows). A vertebral lesion is also seen (solid arrow in b and c) along with perihepatic and splenic hilar lymph nodes (asterisks in c) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4689595_FIG7_455942.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Abdominal CT scan follow-upA decrease in size of the abdominal mass treated previously. The volume of the lesion has decreased from 1495 cc to 442.8 cc (over 70%). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3752525_F1_227254.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | (A) Resting-state fMRI in a healthy control using whole brain MEVI4 with TR: 276 ms. The spatial ICA map with Z-scores up to 15 shows a clearly delineated default mode RSN. (B–D) ICA-based mapping of RSNs and cardiac pulsatility using MEVI2 with TR: 136 ms. (B) Slowly varying signal changes well above noise level (zmax > 10) distinguish (C) RSNs from (D) cardiac-related signal pulsation. The corresponding spectrograms display (C) the dynamically fluctuating low-frequency power spectrum of the RSN and (D) the first and second harmonics of the cardiac pulsation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4060456_F4_298780.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Acute injury increases local Klotho expression within skeletal muscle. Young (3–4 months old) wild type animals were exposed to a cardiotoxin injury to the tibialis anterior muscle. Two weeks after injury, TAs were harvested, cryosectioned and incubated with anti-Klotho (red), anti-Dystrophin (green) and nuclear (blue) antibodies (left image; 20× magnification). Corresponding high magnification image (right image; 100× magnification). Note that Klotho is undetectable in areas of more mature, regenerating myofibers. In contrast, strong expression of Klotho is observed in the area of cellular infiltrate. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_40412.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan showing non enhancement of right renal parenchyma and air (arrows) in right renal and perirenal space suggestive of Type I EPN |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3708911_pone-0068921-g002_217466.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Polar localization of Las autotransporters LasAI and LasAII from ‘
Candidatus
Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las) in
E. coli
.
A, D, G: GFP expression detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in E. coli containing recombinant plasmids pET102-gfp, pET102-gfp-lasA
I-TD and pET102-gfp-lasA
II, respectively. A, D, G: 505 nm LP filter; B, E, H: differential interference contrast (DIC) of bacterial cells; C, F, I: FITC-DIC merged. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3621834_pone-0061369-g006_197721.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Caveolin-3 expression is decreased in obese human cardiac LV tissue.Representative immunohistochemistry showing caveolin-3 in normal, obese, obese with cardiomyopathy, and non-obese cardiomyopathy human left ventricular cardiac tissue. In normal human cardiomyocytes (upper left panel) caveolin-3 is expressed at the plasma membrane and the T-tubule system (white arrows). In obesity (lower left panel), the expression of caveolin-3 is drastically decreased in the T-tubule system (black arrows), which can occur independent of associated heart disease as the samples with cardiomyopathy (upper right panel) show, but seem to be enhanced in obese cases with cardiomyopathy (lower right panel). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4518152_fig3_409985.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT scan of the chest. Numerous bilateral pulmonary nodules (white arrow) can be seen with varying degrees of cavitation along with moderate bilateral pleural effusions and compressive atelectasis of both lung bases (black arrows). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1335.jpg | What does this image show? | foot |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_21814.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | OPG showing multilocular radiolucency in the left mandibular region extending mesially from the midline till distal of 38. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4620512_awv235-F3_437433.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | MRI findings in a 47-year-old male patient with iatrogenic CJD due to growth hormone. Hyperintensity in the superior cerebellar vermis is seen on axial FLAIR images (A), and is more conspicuous at DWI at b = 1000s/mm2 at the same level (B). (C) A more superior axial image at DWI at b = 1000s/mm2 shows the increased vermian signal abnormality compared to the surrounding occipital cortex (Patient 8). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2761400_F3_47887.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Model domain, discretization, and topography for the 2 km × 2 km area surrounding Zindarou. The model domain is superimposed on an Ikonos image of the Zindarou environs. Grid cells are 50 m square. Zindarou village is located at the center of this model domain. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0832.jpg | What adds to the protuberant appearance of the eyes in Graves disease? | the orbits |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2726524_F1_43509.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | X-ray of the skull showing a well defined area of radiodense shadow overlying the right frontal bone with sella appearing normal. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvc90fw074yettxbhe6.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4461759_fig3_394988.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | RT3DTEE anatomically oriented view of the IAS from the RA perspective during guidance of transseptal puncture. The puncture catheter (asterisk) was introduced through the IVC into the SVC (a). Then the catheter (asterisk) was pulled inferiorly and anteriorly towards the thin part of the IAS (arrow head) “Fossa” (b and c). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3058023_F4_90161.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Coronary angiography in posterior-anterior view with caudal angulation with dissection of the LAD. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_80696.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | X-ray of the pelvis showed multiple permeative lesions involving the pelvic bones and the visualised proximal femurs. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4550366_pone.0129631.g002_417780.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Braining imaging study.Brain imaging of the patient (IV: 4.1) with Congenital Cerebellar Ataxia; the images in T1 and T2 show cerebellar atrophy and severe increased number of cerebellar cisterns. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1087507_F1_1899.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype ElTor bacteriophages AS1-3. Panels A and B show the vibriophage AS1. They are contractile in nature and possess similar pattern as seen in the tail of another O1 ElTor typing vibriophage D10 (Chakrabarti et al., (1993). Panels A and B are shown at the same magnification. Panel C show the vibriophage AS2. The tails are non-contractile in nature. Panels D and E show the vibriophage AS3. Panels D and E are shown at the same magnification. The bars in Panels A, C and D: 50 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3765395_pone-0074679-g002_229980.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Morphology study of different nanoparticles by TEM.a, PEGylated DSPC liposomes; b, SWNH(-CH2-CH2-COOH)x; c and d, DSPC NsL; e, an intermediate step of a SWNH(-CH2-CH2-COOH)x surrounded by multiple liposomes before the final one nanohorn one liposome structure. Immediately before TEM tests, samples were deposited onto carbon coated cupper grids and negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4472349_pone.0130573.g002_398008.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Gastrointestinal lesions in wild felids.A) Stomach, tiger, 1 year, male (animal no. 36). Severe diffuse mineralization of the gastric mucosa consisting of white, granular, crunchy material (arrows). B) Jejunum, tiger, 3 years, female (animal no. 37). Villus fusion, shortening and loss of epithelial cells with cellular debris and multifocal, moderate, lympho-plasma-histiocytic inflammation (arrows). H&E-staining. C) Jejunum, tiger, 3 years, female (animal no. 37). Higher magnification of Fig 2B, jejunum with crypt dilatation and accumulation of cellular debris in the crypts (asterisk). H&E-staining. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2570492_pone-0003570-g006_29116.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Electron micrographs of wild type and RubisCO mutant carboxysomes.Purified carboxysomes were stained with 1% ammonium molybdate and visualized by electron microscopy at 50,000 X magnification. Scale bars = 100 nm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3493792_f2-etm-04-05-0923_165100.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | (A–C) Long T1 and T2 signals with hyperdense FLAIR signals in the bilateral thalamus and basal ganglia regions according to MRI, as indicated by the arrows; (E and F) non-seriously restricted diffusion according to diffusion-weighted imaging; (F) inferior sagittal and straight sinus thrombosis. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4420486_pone.0125591.g002_383470.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Real patient cases used in our study.A: MRI of the liver for first patient case. B: Reconstructed 3D model of the first case with inserted electrodes. C: MRI of the liver for second patient case. D: Reconstructed 3D model of the second case with inserted electrodes. In all images the structure colored green is the tumor, while the nearby major vessels are colored blue. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4264245_Fig4_344195.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
IS-PCR and immunohistochemical and HE staining for detecting HBV cccDNA in FFPE liver biopsies of HCC patient. HBVcccDNA were detected in the liver tissues by PSAD + RCA + IS-PCR (c), whereas no positive signal was detected in the tissue sections that were subjected to IS-PCR (a) and PSAD + IS-PCR (b). (d) hematoxylin-eosin staining of FFPE liver biopsies of HCC patient. The arrow in the images shows HBVcccDNA positive signals in the hepatocyte nuclei. Original magnifications ×400. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3861471_f2-etm-07-01-0199_251403.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Female, 38 years old, with a serious fracture of the left tibial plateau. (A) Preoperative X-ray. (B) Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and 3D reconstruction showing the serious fracture of the left tibial plateau, with obvious joint surface collapse and fractures of the anterior cruciate ligament. (C) Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing the fracture of the left tibial plateau. The anterior cruciate ligament was abnormal. (D) One year subsequent to surgery, the X-ray showed that the left tibial plateau fracture fixation was good, and that the joint surface was flat. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2902413_F4_68565.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Sacroiliac joints x-ray showing narrowing and irregularity of the left sacroiliac joint. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4109228_fig1_308391.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | (a) AP radiograph of the right hip. A focal area of subchondral lucency is present involving the superolateral aspect of the right femoral head (arrow). (b) The follow-up radiograph taken 5 months later reveals near complete destruction of the femoral head. (c) CT scan of the right hip in the axial plane shows loss of the femoral head with two bone fragments within the hip joint (arrows). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4630379_fig7_440014.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Coronal and sagittal sections of the reconstructed air-filled mouse brain. (a) is the three-dimensional rendering result of the air-filled mouse brain. (b–h) are cross-images corresponding to the labels in (a). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4363707_fig2_368667.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Visualization of short-term vasodilation (the area of vasodilation higher than T
max of the initial state). In order to describe the area of short-term vasodilation using IRT procedure, patient temperature reaction was isolated—grey pictures column. In rows, cases one and two (TrPs-positive) and three and four (non-TrPs) were shown. In column (a) pre-DN (initial) state, in column (b) vasomotor referred pain after DN (phase II), and in column (c) the vasomotor referred pain after observation (phase III) were presented. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv08zx0074ya8f13n87.jpg | What color is the anatomical landmark? | Pink, Red |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4678467_Fig1_453429.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Southern Ocean sampling sites from which Sclerolinum sp. was collected. Box (a) shows the locations of JC55 Bransfield Strait sampling locations, and (b) shows detail of Hook Ridge sampling sites (Hook Ridge Site 1 and Hook Ridge Site 2), as well as the path traversed by the SHRIMP (in blue). Map created using GeoMapApp (http://www.geomapapp.org) using data from the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) Synthesis [92] |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3617160_pone-0060012-g004_196829.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image |
In vivo MRI sample images.(A) Sample T2-weighted images for structural volumetry assessments. Images are from scans taken at 4, 8, 12 and 14 weeks of age at anatomically matching slices. (B) Hot/cold scaled maps of T2 relaxation times for the study of T2 relaxivity, these are represented on anatomically identical images to those in (A). Bg = bregma. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4529955_fig1_413351.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Noncontrast chest CT shows enlarging heterogeneous, well defined mass lesion at the level of left cardiophrenic recess (consecutive CTs from 2006, 2011, and 2013). The patient also had a hiatal hernia characterized by dilation and wall thickening of the distal esophagus. This was treated with Nissen fundoplication in 2012. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC514603_F2_298.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Cytotoxicity and OAS1 induction with RNAi vectors. In A, morphology was observed using phase contrast microscopy of non-transduced IS-1 cells, or cells six days after transduction with vectors leading to expression of no shRNA (U6PT), a 25 mer shRNA targeting PAI-2 (sh325) and a scrambled 25 mer control shRNA (sh325scr). B shows comparison of OAS1 expression in non-transduced cells or cells four days after transduction with U6PT, sh325 and sh325scr vectors, by QRT-PCR. Each target gene was detected in duplicate, error bars represent the standard deviation of mean values. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4450997_Fig2_391989.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. |
Lesion #12. Nodular basal cell carcinoma in the medial canthus. A) before treatment, B) local inflammation mimicking preseptal cellulitis, C) 2 years after treatment completion, when the biopsy identified BCC recurrence. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv7907c074y8xvo3g7g.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4079402_f2-etm-08-02-0623_302937.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | A four-month-old male infant with DAA. (A) The CT volume-rendered image shows that the aortic arch split into two arches surrounding the trachea (thick left arch and small right arch). (B) An axial CT section image. The aortic arch split into two arches surrounding the trachea and esophagus. DAA, double aortic arch; CT, computed tomography. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3000094_f10-ijms-11-04465_80738.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Photomicrograph of GFAP, iNOS positive cells in the 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum and IBA-1 positive cells in S.nigra. Immunohistochemical staining, magnification × 400. Internal scale bar = 25 μm. (A) GFAP: SAL + aCSF; (B) GFAP: SAL + 6-OHDA; (C) iNOS: SAL + aCSF; (D) iNOS: SAL + 6-OHDA; (E) IBA-1: SAL + aCSF; (F) IBA-1: SAL + 6-OHDA. Arrows indicate positively stained cells. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3544594_F4_178955.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Total Marrow Irradiation: Dose distributions for Reg 2.5 (“regular” delivery with a 2.5 cm field width; upper half) and DJDC 5.0 (Dynamic Jaw/Dynamic Couch delivery with a 5.0 cm maximum field width; lower half). Note the equivalent lung sparing in both modalities (light arrowheads), which is accompanied by a more severe dose fall-off in the thoracic wall in DJDC 5.0. The dark arrowheads indicate areas of higher dose exposure in DJDC 5.0 that form the correlate for the non-significantly increased integral dose in DJDC 5.0. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4190043_fig2_326230.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Color fundus photographs showing the reduction in hard exudates before (a) and 3 months (b) after SRT for DME. Laser test spots were applied (red arrow) and SRT treatment was performed (yellow arrowhead). OCT scans showing the reduction of retinal thickness. OCT scan and retinal thickness map before (d) and 3 months after SRT (e). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3372508_pone-0036529-g001_141271.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | The brain MRI scan of a patient with RI.(A) The axial T1-weighted imaging showed relatively low-signal-intensity lesions in the bilateral temporal lobes. (B) The T2-weighted imaging revealed high-signal-intensity lesions in the bilateral temporal lobes. T1-weighted image after contrast administration (C) showed irregular edge contrast enhancement of the bilateral temporal lobes. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_48266.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Contrast-enhanced CT scan at the level of the basal cisterns, showing bilateral subtle enhancement along the posterior end of the gyrus rectus due to basal collaterals in association with moyamoya. There was no abnormal dural enhancement noted in the rest of the dural covering |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4415499_jcm-04-00756-f001_382237.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Magnetic resonance angiography of a 79-year-old woman with fusiform aneurysm of the basilar artery apex measuring 9.3 × 5.0 × 7.0 mm in transverse, anteroposterior and cranio-caudal dimensions, respectively (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4371615_Fig6_370929.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image |
Effects of drugs on tumor histology for H
22
tumor -bearing mice. Normal saline were administrated to normal rats (A).5-Fu (B), cinobufacini injection (5.14 mL/kg) (C) and bufothionine (8.02 mL/kg) (D) were respectively administrated to H22 tumor-bearing mice. After 10 days, rats were sacrificed and tumors were removed. The tissues were dehydrated, embedded, sliced and stained with HE staining for observation. |
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