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splits/subfolder_5/PMC2770325_pone-0007694-g003_49678.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Morphologic characterization of fibrillar and unaggregated protein preparations.Electron micrographs of fibrillar Aβ40 (A), Aβ42 (B), calcitonin (C), IAPP (D), insulin (E), lysozyme (F), and prion106–126 (G). Insets show unaggregated preparations of the corresponding proteins. Scale bars represent 200 nm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_79857.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | 17-year-old girl with uterine didelphys associated with OHVIRA syndrome. Axial T1-weighted MR image demonstrates a left hydrosalpinx (arrowhead) containing high T1-signal-intensity contents consistent with blood products, with an axial diameter of 5.2 cm, originating from a dilated hemivagina (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4425908_Fig5_384689.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. |
In vitro
adipogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells. Cells grown in adipogenic media demonstrate the presence of fat vacuoles under a light microscope (A) and abundant fat vacuoles by Oil red O staining (B) after 6 weeks of culture. Magnification: 200 ×. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4452907_viruses-07-02308-f005_392753.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Immunohistochemistry reveal specific localization of MCMV in the brain of infected Dicer d/d neonates. (A) and (E). Snapshot images showing luminescence emitted by a control (Dicer +/+) and a mutant (Dicer d/d) brains respectively. Examples of immunohistochemical detection of E1 protein in Dicer +/+ (B–D) and Dicer d/d brains (F–H) include macroscopic images (B), (F) and magnifications of selected regions of retrosplinal cortex (Cx; (C), (G)) and hippocampus (H; (D), (H)) at Bregma–3.08 mm. Immunolocalization of MCMV using the CROMA 103 primary antibody and peroxidase-labeled secondary antibody was depicted in brown and cresyl violet neuronal detection in blue. Epithelial staining in blood vessels is indicated by the arrow. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3899362_pone-0087008-g002_260799.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | GUS leaky expression in calli transformed by promoterless GUS reporter vectors containing different selectable marker promoters in different stacking configurations.GUS leaky expression in representative callus transformed by promoterless GUS reporter vectors in (A–D) configurations combined with 35S (a1,b1,c1,d1), Nos (a2,b2,c2,d2) or tCUP1 (a3,b3,c3,d3) selectable marker promoters as indicated in Figure 1. Fifty Transformed calli per vector were stained after 3 weeks selection and calli with the average numbers of staining spots were pictured individually at the same magnification. Pictures show representative calli for at least three replicates. Bars: 1 mm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3984709_F1_280670.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Tissue sampling from ST36 and the sham point. (A) ST36 was located 4 mm below and 1–2 mm lateral to the midpoint of the knee, and (F) the sham point was defined at the midpoint of the superior edge of the gluteus maximus muscle. At ST36, (B) subcutaneous loose connective tissue (ScLCT), (C) epimysium, (D) muscle, and (E) nerve were obtained (green areas). At the sham point, only (G) ScLCT and (H) muscle were obtained because of technical issues. Margin of the muscle (yellow), bone (blue), and a frequently used acupoint near the region (GB30). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3327627_F1_134096.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Cranial X-rays and some axial sections of the computed tomographic scan. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3640977_F2_202374.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Baseline staging CT scan. CT scan of the chest prior to commencing treatment with crizotinib exhibiting extensive metastatic lung disease, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and a partially collapsed left lung. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3838408_pone-0080643-g004_245694.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | GUS expression controlled by the CPS promoter in transgenic plants of Artemisia annua.A: leaf primordia; B: lower leaf; C: leaf at bottom at early vegetative stage; D: leaf primordia; E: leaf at upper node; F: close-up of panel E; G: leaf at upper node; H: leaf at lower node at late vegetative stage; I: leaf at lower node at late vegetative stage; K: stem; L: stem; M: flower buds; N: flowers at early flowering stage; O: floret; P: flowers at late flowering stage; Q: florets; R: pollen; S: flower bracts; T: roots. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3599618_F4_192447.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Dual pathology. Top: Dilated RV and akinetic RV free wall (SSFP cine still images in diastole - left - and in systole - middle). Bottom: 3D angiographic reconstructions in coronal (left) and transversal (middle) planes, showing partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage with T-wave inversion V1-V4 (right). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1088.jpg | Does malaria plasmodium vivax show skeletal muscle, atrophy due to immobilization cast? | no |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4430312_fig2_386046.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Podoplanin defines adhesion rings at invadopodia of SCC cells. Confocal images showing specific localisation of podoplanin fused to GFP (PDPN-GFP) at invadopodia in HN5 cells cultured on glass coverslips covered with crosslinked gelatin (a, b) or TRITC-gelatin (c). Note that podoplanin is not present in all invadopodia (a; left lower panels) but clusters to active invadopodia forming a ring structure around the actin or cortactin core (a, b; lower panels and c). Graphs indicate fluorescent intensity (in arbitrary units) of PDPN-GFP with respect to F-actin or cortactin over the indicated line scan. Data shown are representative from six invadopodia analysed per condition from two independent experiments. Bars=10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4577004_RRV035F4_425242.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Patient example: (a) a SPECT/CT image, (b) a DRR image, (c) the dose distribution. Green circle = PTV-SLN. The SLNs are located in the middle portion of the axillary lymph node Level I. The PTV-SLN is located within the tangential field on DRR. The mean PTV-SLN dose is 92%, and the PTV-SLN D95 is 85%. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4237077_f4-mmr-11-01-0113_337523.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Magnetic resonance imaging of the myocardia of Sprague-Dawley rats 1 day post-transplantation of the BMSCs. (A–D) The superparamagnetic iron oxide-labeled BMSCs and the transplantation region had round, low intensity signals. (E–H) Unlabeled BMSCs. (I–L) Myocardium following phosphate-buffered saline injection. The green arrowheads indicate the region of transplanted BMSCs and the yellow arrowheads indicate the area of myocardial infarction. (A, E and I) are oblique sagittal sections and (B, F and J) are transverse sections from the T2 scans. (C, G and K) are oblique sagittal sections and (D, H and L) are transverse sections from the T2* scans. BMSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; WI, weighted-imaging; FFE, fast field echo. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4141804_pone-0105762-g011_315131.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
125I-SI Ang II binding comparison.Comparison of 125I-SI Ang II binding in the brains of neurolysin KO and WT mouse strains in the presence of PCMB, losartan, and PD123319. Bregma −5.8 mm for the KO and WT histological and autoradiogram sections. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3563580_pone-0055966-g002_183629.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | NLS1 is required for nuclear localization.GFP-GST fused constructs listed in Fig. 1 were visualized in COS7 cells. GFP fluorescence from the fused BRMS1 or BRMS1 mutant proteins indicates localization. As predicted, mutants lacking NLS1 were predominantly localized to the cytoplasm. Phalloidin and DAPI were used to visualize the cytoplasm and nucleus respectively. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4011599_F1_286210.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Histology of colonic mucosa in rat model of DMH-induced colorectal cancerResuming scheme reporting the histology of normal mucosa (NM), IBD, dysplasia and colorectal cancer and the timing of the sequential steps during DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in BDIX rats, compared with human tissues. Sections from rat colon resected from the 6th to the 30th week after the first DMH administration were subjected to histological examination, and compared to human specimens diagnosed as IBD, low grade dysplasia (LD), high grade dysplasia (HD), in situ carcinoma (IS) or advanced carcinoma (K). Colon from untreated animals or normal colon biopsy specimens were used as reference for normal mucosa (NM) morphology. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4700670_Fig3_459212.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | A 80-year-old female underwent instrumentation and posterolateral fusion with DBM from L1 to L5 and received second operation for removal of implants. (Left) The postoperative 12-month image showed successful fusion mass formation with pedicle screws loosening. (Middle) The intraoperative image showed solid and continuous fusion mass formation. (Right) After removal of the implants, the plain radiographs showed continuous fusion mass formation from L1 to L5. f, fusion mass; p, pedicle screw hole; s, spinal process |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4670706_fig02_450720.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Reconstruction of a whole cell to create inventory of organelles: Sections 17 (A), 37 (B) and 52 (C) from a set of 68 sections (nominal thickness 70nm), white arrow points to narrow constriction of nucleus. 3D representation of volume segmented in Amira (D–K) to illustrate asymmetric distribution of most organelles, colour codes: plasma membrane green, nucleus (N) dark blue, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) light blue, mitochondria (m) red, Golgi complex (G) yellow, lysosomes (circles) orange, black arrowhead points to large ER cisterna, black arrows indicate processes emerging from cell surface. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3750244_F2_226236.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Magnetic resonance imaging findings. a: T1-weighted image demonstrates the tumor as a hypointense area with satellite-like lesions in segment 8 (arrow). b: T2-weighted image shows the main tumor as a slight hyperintense area (arrow). c: A diffusion-weighted image depicts the main tumor as a slightly hyperintense area (arrow). d-h: Dynamic gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the tumor (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3506512_F2_168549.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Representative SEM images of the three types of stents at 1-week and 2-week follow-ups. SEM (magnification×200) at 7 days showed the greatest endothelialization rates in the GS group ( GS-7days ), and there was also a significant increase in endothelial strut coverage in the HCASES group ( HCASES-7 days) compared with the SES group (SES-7 days). At 14 days, Low-magnification SEM images (50×) showed thin endothelial coverage on the stent struts of the three different types , and regions of interest were photographed at further magnifications of 500× for direct visualization of ECs. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4133037_Fig7_313511.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Electron micrographs of V. faba cells of control meristems (32-h incubation in water): a a cell in prophase; b metaphase chromosome; c a group of chromosomes in anaphase; the beginning of nuclear envelope formation. Light areolas on the boundary of chromatin–cytoplasm are indicated by arrows. d An interphase cell of the V. faba root meristem after 32-h hydroxyurea treatment. Bar 5 µm. Immunofluorescence of phosphorylated histone H3 (Ser10; H3S10Ph) in control root meristem cells of V. faba (green signals) and PI-stained nuclei: a′ prophase; b′ metaphase; c′ anaphase; as well as d′ in the cell nuclei from hydroxyurea-treated roots (for 32 h). Bar 20 µm (color figure online) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4426775_fig2_384924.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Radiographic (a) and histopathological images (b) of hind paws from representative rats on day 28. Note the evidence of swelling and tissue damage in the treatment rats compared with the control rats (a). Ciclamilast displayed potent and dose-dependent inhibitory effects on both swelling and bone changes and reduced the average radiographic (c) and histopathological scores (d). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04349.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Ultrasound scan demonstrating an infiltration of the inguinal canal fat. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glss4wr071u9rbsg5ki.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3828235_pone-0080181-g003_243279.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Indirect Immunofluorescence of PMCA4a in the murine endometrium of the uterus during the estrous cycleUsing frozen sections PMCA4a immunoreactivity (red) was detected in the uterine luminal epithelium in pro-estrus (e - g) and estrus phases (i - k) but not during metestrus (m - o) and diestrus (a - c). The nuclei were visualized by staining with Draq-5 (blue). Negative controls (NC) in PBS or IgG are shown in d, h, l, and p. The images were captured using confocal microscopy and a 20x (a plan-Apochromatic) objective lens. LE = luminal epithelium; L= lumen; ST= stroma. Bar = 100 µm (same scale for all micrographs, and 200 µm for insets). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3549280_F3_180073.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | 3D Stack images of multiphoton-induced fluorescence of HEK293 expressing EGFP-Rheb. Fluorescence from TCSPC images of live HEK293 cells was acquired using multiphoton excitation (920 nm laser excitation, 520 nm emission) following 24h transfection. Raw data presented without further image processing. Images show clear Rheb nuclear localization. Yellow and red boxes (F) refer to nuclear and ER/Golgi regions taken for comparative photon count. Image size 120x100 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_13877.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Involvement of the preepiglottic space. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4474663_pone.0129860.g006_398341.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed sections of popliteal LNs for phosphorylated ERK1/2 (brown) in naïve (A) and B. anthracis Sterne-challenged mice (B) with hematoxylin counterstain (blue) at different magnifications.The morphology of a typical CD11b staining is shown for comparison with the ERK1/2 one (right panels). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3514102_F1_170313.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | A, Peripheral blood smear showing a lymphoma cell with relatively condensed chromatin and prominent nucleolus. (Wright-Giemsa, original magnification ×1000). B, Bone marrow core biopsy showing hypercellular marrow with complete replacement by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (Hematoxylin-Eosin, original magnification ×200). C, Bone marrow core biopsy showing large lymphocytes with relatively condensed chromatin and occasional nucleoli (Hematoxylin-Eosin, original magnification ×400). D, CD117 immunohistochemistry of bone marrow core biopsy showing strong membranous and cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells (original magnification ×200). Please refer to subsection entitled "Morphologic Analysis" for further details. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3045941_F10_88419.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Topography, surface potential and dC/dZ (amplitude and phase) images of 80 nm thick film of PVAC/PS blend on ITO glass. The images in A were obtained in air and the images in B in high humidity (RH = 95%). The contrast covers height corrugations in the 0–35 nm range, surface potential variations in 0–0.6 V range, dC/dZ amplitude alternations in the 0–180 mV range and dC/dZ phase changes in the 0–20 degrees range in both sets of the images. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv6906g074y19bxf1ei.jpg | Is there text? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4539694_Fig5_415402.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Results of SPM two sample t tests between the 37 reference datasets and 20 FDG-PET of AD patients. Images were spatially normalized images to the MNI space [a CAD4D(MNI), b SPM(MNI)], or to the Talairach space [c CAD4D(TAL), d SPM(TAL), e NEUROSTAT). For illustrative purposes, threshold t-maps (p < 0.001) were superimposed on FDG template. We used the same scaling for all t-maps shown (see also Table 2 for details) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4393162_fig01_377161.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Stimulation and Recording Electrode Set Up. (A) Antero-posterior (AP) fluoroscopic view of the lower cervical and upper thoracic region, depicting the approach and positioning of the introducer needle and StimuCath electrode for stellate ganglion stimulation. Prior to stimulation the introducer needle was removed and the stimulating electrode left in place. (B) Right and left anterior oblique fluoroscopic projections of the thorax, displaying the location of the high right atrial (RA), His bundle, right ventricular (RV), coronary sinus (CS), and right ventricular outflow tract catheters (RVOT). Unipolar electrograms were recorded with the RVOT catheter. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyldoa0086u0nr562hu.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 1 |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glws50z071u300wha1x.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3212915_F5_115075.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Computed tomography, performed eleven months after first CT, revealed collection of fluid surrounding the right adductor muscle measuring about 2.7 × 4.8 cm in maximum transverse dimensions (red arrow). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvh90ow074y1aqo1cvx.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4208160_f1-sensors-14-16035_330172.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | (a) Cross-section image of a six-hole PCF; (b) Schematic of the proposed sensor fiber. The silver nanowires indicated by megascopic blue dots. Parameters c, dc and d denote the thickness the core strut, the diameters of the core and the holes, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4659591_pone.0143755.g003_447569.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Morphologic changes in parental and chemoresistant PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa-2.Representative attached epithelial cells with spindle-shaped cells in untreated MIA-PaCa-2 (A) and PANC-1 cells (B) compared to more plump rounded morphology and enhanced formation of pseudopodia in their chemoresistant cell clones (C, D). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4263798_Fig16_343854.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Osteoid osteoma of the left talar neck: Frontal (a) and lateral (b) X-rays of the left ankle: large round sclerotic fragment within an osteolytic cavity (arrows); no surrounding reactive osteosclerosis is identified. c Sagittal T1-weighted MRI: intense bone oedema surrounding the lesion. d Sagittal T2-weighted MRI: an intense inflammatory reaction is identified within the ankle joint. e CT, sagittal reconstruction: confirmation of the large nidus, entirely filled by the sclerotic fragment and with almost no surrounding osteosclerosis |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qs1f63083240yndfq7.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2936875_F1_73290.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Computed tomography images showing: (A) Subcutaneous emphysema with retrosomatic (lower left arrow) and pectoral musculature gas dissection (upper right arrow), air in the infrahyoid visceral cervical space with separation of thyroid lobe vascular structures (central arrow); (B) Large subcutaneous emphysema in the anterior chest wall (upper right arrow). Gas dissection of the peribronchial cuff in the context of pneumomediastinum (lower left arrow); (C) Presence of air in the retrocrural space. Subcutaneous emphysema, mainly in the anterior chest wall. Pneumoperitoneum with perihepatic distribution (lower right arrow); (D) Subcutaneous emphysema with oblique muscle dissection and anterior pneumoperitoneum (upper right arrows). Small air bubbles below the vesicular bed (upper left arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1779794_F4_8829.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of α-gustducin-LIR (α-gustducin) in taste buds of rat and mouse circumvallate papillae. Longitudinal sections show a subset of taste cells displaying α-gustducin-LIR in rat (A) and mouse taste buds (B). The α-gustducin-LIR taste cells are spindle-shaped with large, round nuclei. Transverse sections show α-gustducin-LIR in rat (C-E) and mouse taste buds (F-H). The immunoreactivity is only cytoplasmic in both transverse and longitudinal sections. Immunoreactive taste cells (red) are shown in C and F. Sytox-stained nuclei (green) are shown in D and G and merges are shown in E and H. Scale bars = 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3788790_pone-0075173-g004_235252.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Scan-rescan reproducibility of Ktrans.(A) T1weighted anatomical image showing AAA with maximal diameter of 5.0 cm. (B and C) DCE-MRI images with overlay of parametric Ktrans maps from the same patient obtained from scans performed one week apart. The Patlak model was used. The left lateral AAA vessel wall exhibits higher Ktrans on both examinations. Ktrans maps are color-coded from 0 to 0.12 min−1. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4395222_pone.0123651.g005_377687.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | HaCaT, HEKn (passage 3) and HEK-CaY (passage 10) cells were cultured with human foreskin fibroblasts in a 3D human skin equivalent model for 28 days in vitro.Gross morphology was compared to normal human skin by H&E (A) to assess ability to for an organised stratified epidermis. Expression of stratification markers K14 (B), K10 (C) and Inv (D) was also assessed by immunohistochemistry. Dashed lines indicate the location of the basement membrane. Scale bar is equivalent to 20μm. All images are taken at 20x magnification and are representative of three experimental repeats. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4052480_fig11_296659.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Single-beat full-volume acquisition and automatic endocardial border detection allow fast assessment of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction with the possibility of averaging results over multiple cardiac beats. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1950307_F1_13187.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | A: Neoformation in the left lobe (CT imaging) B: Neofomation in the left lobe (MR imaging)) C: Angiography: no vision of the left hepatic lobe or neoformation. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2889872_F4_66878.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Histological assessment of lung sections from PBS or GC frass exposed wild type and PAR-2-deficient Balb/c mice. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of sectioned lungs from PBS (A and B) or GC frass (C and D) treated wild type (A and C) or PAR-2-deficient (B and D) mice. Representative slides are shown of sections from 4-5 mice per group. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glzs54f071u9ct1hd4x.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3364202_pone-0037985-g002_139981.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | The FOX-2 splice variants FOX-2V1 and FOX-2cyt co-localize with nuclear ATXN1 inclusions.Confocal microscopy of HeLa cells transfected with (A) pCMV-HA-FOX-2V1 and pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q30 or pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q82, or (B) pCMV-MYC-FOX-2cyt and pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q30 or pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q82, and (C) pCMV-MYC-TIAR and pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q30 or pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q82, respectively. Forty-eight hours post transfection cells were fixed and prepared for microscopic analyses. Proteins were visualized using the respective antibodies against the tag as described in Material and Methods. Nuclei were stained using Hoechst. Bars represent 20 µm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4240937_F2_338543.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Brain magnetic resonance imaging, T2-weighted image showing hyper-signal demyelinating plaques in the periventricular and deep white matter areas |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3505569_Fig2_168324.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Texture analysis of contrast-enhanced CT images of a colon cancer with the application of different filters highlighting fine, medium, and coarse textures |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4619639_pone.0140996.g006_436942.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Immunohistochemical characterization of engrafted D283ev and D283hCD73 human MB tumors.Immunohistochemical labeling was performed as described in the Materials and Methods. Anti-synaptophysin and enolase immunostaining were used to evaluate whether the tumor samples were representative of human MB. The proliferation profile was determined using the anti-human Ki67 antibody. Tissue vascularization was visualized with an anti-human CD31 antibody. Labeling is indicated by arrows. Additional analyses are described in Table 2 and S3 Fig. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC514603_F2_299.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Cytotoxicity and OAS1 induction with RNAi vectors. In A, morphology was observed using phase contrast microscopy of non-transduced IS-1 cells, or cells six days after transduction with vectors leading to expression of no shRNA (U6PT), a 25 mer shRNA targeting PAI-2 (sh325) and a scrambled 25 mer control shRNA (sh325scr). B shows comparison of OAS1 expression in non-transduced cells or cells four days after transduction with U6PT, sh325 and sh325scr vectors, by QRT-PCR. Each target gene was detected in duplicate, error bars represent the standard deviation of mean values. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_59139.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Voiding cystourethrogram shows a diverticulum filled with contrast agent at the level of the midurethra. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2876065_F4_64839.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Transmission electron microscope observation of intracellular QD distribution in ESCs and MEFs. Representative cells at 6, 24, 48 hours after labeling are shown. Higher magnifications of the squared area in the left columns at each time point are shown in the right columns for both ESCs and MEFs. Black arrows: vesicles; White arrows: QD aggregates; Bars: 500 nm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3752460_F2_227239.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Independent components (IC) with significant increase in functional connectivity in patients with bvFTD. The differences in resting state networks corrected for multiple comparison at voxel level in green and for y-concatenation correction for including all RSNs in lilac-blue, threshold p < 0.05. The differences between groups are also adjusted for gray matter differences. The involved RSN is presented in red-yellow color encoding with (3.6 < z-score < 6) threshold. Arrows in ICs 3, 17, and 33 indicate the y-concatenated results. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4616865_F3_435905.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Illustration of dorsal approach. Figure A and B showed the posture for patients on the CT scan bed and the planned dorsal approach to the lesion. The puncture route was carefully designed on the preoperative contra-enhanced CT image (white arrow in liver in C and E). The appropriate angle and the depth of RFA probe (152.3 mm in C, 190.19 mm in E) were selected to avoid puncture injury to the vessels. The puncture site (b) was marked on skin (55.09 mm) with the help of an imaging marker (a). The probe was accurately positioned following the planned route (D and F). CT = computerized tomography, RFA = radiofrequency ablation. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3789665_pone-0076715-g001_235611.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Microscopic comparison of patient’s and control erythrocytes in drug-induced endovesiculation.Erythrocytes of a PKAN+ patient (B and D) and a control donor (A and C) were treated with 3 mM primaquine (A and B) or 0.8 mM chlorpromazine (C and D) in the presence of FITC-dextran to monitor the formation of endovesicles by confocal microscopy. Representative phase contrast (left panels), fluorescence (middle panels) and overlay (right panels) images are shown. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4656245_Fig4_446849.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative |
a Axial T2-weighted fast spin-echo image (5525/110). b Axial DWI image with b value = 1000. c ADC map showing mild restricted diffusion phenomena of water molecules in the hypointense focus detected on T2-weighted images (white arrows).d gradient-echo T1-weighted subtracted image and e colour DCE MR map displaying mild enhancement of the stromal nodule. According to the PIRADSv2 scoring system, the score for T2, DCE and DWI is, respectively: 2, − and 3; the overall score is 3, which means the presence of clinically significant cancer is equivocal. f Photomicrograph (50×) showing the BPH stromal nodule |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3668301_F2_208098.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Hematoxylin and eosin stain of liver tissue (400X magnification). (A) Bile duct proliferation in the fibrosis areas with bile stasis and little inflammation. (B) Hepatocytes in lobules without significant inflammation or necrosis and surrounding portal fibrosis. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4511952_f3_408585.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Growth of Metarhizium in flies.Wild type flies (y1w67c23), two (A), three (B), and four days (C–F) post infection with GFP-Ma549. Fungal growth on abdominal intersegmental membranes (shown in insets, A–B). At day 4 variable numbers of GFP-Ma549 blastospores (C and D) and short hyphal lengths (D and E) are found in in hemolymph samples (shown in insets), and are visible from outside the infected insect’s ventral abdomen (F). Flies one-day post mortem (G) showing cadavers filled with fluorescent hyphae. Fly three days post mortem showing sporulation on cadaver surface (H). Bar in image B represents 50 μm; bars in other images are 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2777305_pone-0007986-g008_50816.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | MSP142 co-localizes with human IgG in structures consistent with fetal endothelial cells.This suggests MSP142 may be complexed with IgG. The results are shown for placenta 3. Sections are at 400× magnification. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic48668.jpg | what part of the body is being imaged here? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2586285_F2_30508.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | X-ray film demonstrates no bony injury with barbs located outside the soft tissue of the fingers. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4214490_f1-ol-08-06-2621_331564.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | (A) Chest computed tomography revealing a 25×21-mm tumor in the hilum of the left lower lobe. (B) The tumor and the left main bronchus in the area marked by the asterisk were biopsied to estimate the tumor histology and the invasive area within a few millimeters from the tumor. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3080371_pone-0018878-g001_93013.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Pyk2 promoted cell motility of HCC cells.(A) Overexpression of Pyk2 in Hep3B cells enhanced the formation of membrane ruffles while (B) suppression of Pyk2 in MHCC97L cells reduced the formation of membrane ruffles under the stimulation of PDGF and LPA. White arrows indicate the presence of membrane ruffles. (C) Effects of Pyk2 on cell migration of Hep3B and MHCC97L cells in presence of LPA. *, P<0.05. (D) The effect of over-expression of Pyk2 on the activation of Rac1 and RhoA in Hep3B cells by Rac1 and RhoA pull-down assays. Total Rac1 and RhoA were used as loading controls. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q21ee30832fg9m145n.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_heart/train_2726.jpg | Does this image show heart, myocardial infarction, surgery to repair interventricular septum rupture? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2955533_pone-0013401-g002_76061.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Inhibiting NtGNL1 disturbed the temporal sequence of FM4-64 uptake in pollen tube.
A–E: controls (wild-type pollen tubes) showing a strict time sequence of FM4-64 uptake with the fluorescence distributed evenly at the apex. F–J: RNAi transgenic pollen tubes. Stars indicate laggard vesicles. Pictures on the left lane are bright field images of corresponding pollen tubes. Pollen tubes were cultured for 3 h. Bar = 10 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3390363_pgen-1002806-g007_143979.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Mutant TDP-43 and FUS increase oxidative stress.(A–D) are low-resolution images of young adult transgenic worms stained with dihydrofluorescein diacetate. Transgenics expressing wild type (A) TDP-43 or (B) wild type FUS showed no fluorescence compared to the bright fluorescent signals observed in animals expressing (C) mutant TDP-43 or (D) mutant FUS. (E to F) are higher magnification images of DAF-16::GFP transgenics. (E) Diffuse appearance of predominantly cytoplasmic DAF-16::GFP. (F) Introduction of mutant TDP-43 causes nuclear localization (arrows) of DAF-16::GFP. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4280983_f2-etm-09-02-0399_347801.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | IVC-HV/accessory HV-HV-right atrium collaterals. Computed tomography angiography shows segmental occlusion of the IVC. Blood flow within the IVC reverses to the IRHV and then continues through the CVs to the MHV and then to the RA. IVC, inferior vena cava; HV, heptatic vein; IRHV, inferior right HV; CV, communicating vein; MHV, middle HV; RA, right atrium. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3493335_F3_164883.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | FCV p30 is ER localized and does not induce Golgi disruption. CRFK cells were transfected to express GFP or GFP-tagged PV 3A, NV p22 or FCV p30 and immuno-stained (Alexa-Fluor 594 secondary antibody, red fluorescence) for the cis Golgi marker protein GM130 (A) or the ER marker protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) (B). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue fluorescence) and cells were imaged by deconvolution microscopy. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4498793_pone.0131552.g001_405128.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Automatic segmentation of CoGM at 30 (top) and 40 weeks PMA (bottom) for the same patient, shown in four slices of the T2-weighted images.Note that, because of the limited resolution, CSF inside the sulci was not always visible, which resulted in local overestimation of cortical thickness. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3828396_F6_243378.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Quantitative radiological ex vivo imaging. (A) Representative post-mortem micro-CT images taken after the 6-week follow-up. The hash sign indicates calcification of the periosteal reaction, the asterisk indicates osteolysis, the solid arrow points at bone apposition at the implant surface and the double-headed arrow indicates the presence of an involucrum. (B) Quantification of the micro-CT images allows differentiation between the control group (white bar) and the implant infection group (black bar). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Asterisk indicates p < 0.001. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2682331_fig04_38443.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Actin filament cross-links in mouse stereocilia are aligned in register. TEM images of longitudinal profiles through +/+, +/wi and wi/wi inner hair cell stereocilia at P20 showing actin filament cross-links and arrangements. Regular links (black arrows) connect the stereocilium actin core to the plasma membrane in +/+ (a) and wi/wi (d). High magnification images showing part of the actin cores from +/+ (b), +/wi (c) and wi/wi (e) stereocilia with actin cross-links (highlighted by white arrowheads) showing transverse periodicity suggesting that the filaments are aligned in register. Scale bars: a = 40 nm and d at same magnification; b, c and e same magnification = 35 nm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03016.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Arterial phase scans revealed increased perihepatic enhancement (arrowheads) on the right and left lobes of the liver in this patient. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3544926_pone-0053468-g010_179177.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | 3D reconstruction of an oat crown 3 days after freezing.A) Reconstruction of 155 sequential sections that were aligned and distributed in z-space. B) The same crown in A but with green tissue partially cleared to reveal initial formation of the barrier. See Video S2 for a clearer 3D view. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4538389_f1_415138.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Combination PuraMatrixTM peptide hydrogel/PLGA microparticle (MP) vaccine system.(A) A total volume of 100 μL of hydrogel/MP readily formed a ~1 cm diameter x 0.5 cm high 3D hydrogel mixture in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy revealed (B) the MPs were well-incorporated and (C) the hydrogel formed a nano-scale fibrillar network. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3727963_F2_221354.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Representative images from parental MCF7 and SUM159 cells and corresponding MMO. SUM159 formed significantly larger spheres within half of the time as compared to MCF7. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3968138_pone-0093229-g001_277110.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Representative CT lung volume characterized into parenchymal patterns by Computer Aided Lung Informatics for Pathology Evaluation and Rating (CALIPER).It illustrates colored overlay in axial (A), coronal (B) and sagittal (C) sections with glyph (D) and 3D rendering (E). The color key for the seven patterns is also shown. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4504214_Fig3_406576.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Images of follicular carcinoma. a On ultrasonography, there is a 1.7-cm, hypoechoic nodule. b Focal, intense 18F-FDG uptake in the left isthmic nodule on 18F-FDG PET/CT (SUVmax = 11.97) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4119382_fig05_310929.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Human tricuspid valve: immunofluorescence labelling shows telocytes (TCs). Laser scanning confocol microscopy: CD34 and c-kit double immunofluorescence labelling showing (A) CD34 (green), (B) c-kit (red) and (C) co-localization (yellow) in a telocyte. CD34 and vimentin double immunofluorescence labelling showing (D) CD34 (green), (E) vimentin (red) and (F) co-localization (yellow) in a telocyte. CD34 and PDGF Receptor-β double immunofluorescence labelling showing (G) CD34 (green), (H) PDGFR-β (red) and (I) co-localization (yellow) in a telocyte. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). Original magnification 400×; scale bar = 20 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4688968_Fig3_455654.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Preoperative diagnosis. a A Clinical photo of a patient with right eye dacrocele. b CT Axial cut showing medial canthus dacrocele. c CT Coronal cut showing the same finding |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4280987_f3-etm-09-02-0435_347827.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Morphology of rat myocardium (hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, ×200). Sham, sham-operated animal without ligation; I/R, 30 min ischemia followed by 2 h reperfusion; PPC+I/R, administration of FCG for 5 days prior to the induction of myocardial ischemia. The arrow indicates muscle fiber disarranging and clear hydropic degeneration. FCG, ferulic acid (300 mg/kg), cinnamic acid (200 mg/kg) and glycyrrhizic acid (50 mg/kg). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3035254_f1_86559.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Images of R. leguminosarum bv trifolii strain WSM2304 using scanning (A) and transmission electron microscopy (B). The appearance of colony morphology on solid media (C). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4011677_pbio-1001855-g007_286221.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | DUOX1 is induced in human psoriasis and lichen planus lesions.Representative images of sections from two healthy, two psoriatic, and two lichen planus skin biopsies that have been immunostained with an anti-DUOX1 goat polyclonal antibody and then slightly counterstained with hematoxilin. Note that DUOX1 is weakly expressed in healthy epidermis, mainly in the granular layer (GL), whereas it is strongly expressed (red arrowheads) in the spinous layer (SL) of both psoriasis and lichen planus lesions. CL, cornified layer; D, dermis. Scale bars, 100 µm (left panel) and 30 µm (right panel). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_78482.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Control arteriography after stent implantation |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2694150_F19_39716.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | 24-bit fluorescence (A) and 8-bit gray-tone (B) images of intermediate neoplastic lymphocyte. Subtracted 40 to remove background pixels; no addition to set highest reference pixel point to 100 as shown by the point of arrow in panel B corresponding to the value 100 in the adjoining Table. The curve has 2 main peaks flanking a trough-like region with numerous spikes. The left side of the curve is steep. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3279375_pone-0031694-g007_125611.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | After local irradiation ASCs favoured reepithelialisation and enhanced lymphocyte infiltration and angiogenesis in dermis.Kinetic study from four iterative biopsies performed few days after each ASC-graft in representative animals (magnification in the original ×100). Early cleaning of damaged epidermis was followed by complete epidermis recovery/hyperproliferative keratinocyte activity. Two weeks after the 4th ASC-graft, early T and B lymphocyte infiltration in dermis near the subcutis, with a strong increase in vascularisation. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_37858.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Sagittal T2 brain MRI demonstrating low-lying cerebellar tonsils with a decrease in the mamillo-pontine distance and draping of the optic chiasm over the dorsum sellae |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26244.jpg | the mri shows what organ system? | skull and contents |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic40742.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | crohn disease |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3916131_f3-mco-01-05-0833_264867.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA). (A) Proton-density-weighted-spectral adiabatic inversion recovery (PDW-SPAIR), coronal plane; (B) T2-weighted image (T2WI); (C) T1-weighted image (T1WI); (D) T1WI-transverse section; (E) T2WI-SPAIR, sagittal plane; (F) T1WI, sagittal plane. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4509847_Fig3_407947.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | One case develops AVN and screw cutout but gets satisfactory outcomes after the implant is being removed. a X-ray film before surgery. b X-ray film after surgery. c X-ray film 3 months after surgery. d X-ray film 12 months after surgery. e, f X-ray film 30 months after surgery. g, h Function of patient’s upper arm |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3278378_F1_125413.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Enhanced chest computed tomography shows a heterogeneous 9.0 × 7.5 cm mass arising in the anterior mediastinum. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3518058_fig2_171482.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | False Positive a 29 year old with an angiomatoid malignant histiocytoma of the left deltoid (short arrow) with an SUV of 6.5. The FDG-PET scan demonstrated a hypermetabolic left axillary lymph node (long arrow) with an SUV of 4.4. The latter was biopsied and was a reactive lymph node on final pathology. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4161980_acm20129-fig-0001_319772.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Axial, sagittal, and coronal views of the registered FLT PET and CT images for one subject. Color wash represents increasing FLT uptake from purple to red and blue approximately equal to SUV 2. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27650.jpg | what organ is this mri showing? | skull and contents |
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