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处置违法建设 广东清远有了《办法》-房产-醉红颜心水论坛
醉红颜心水论坛 房产 处置违法建设 广东清远有了《办法》
处置违法建设 广东清远有了《办法》
原标题：处置违法建设 清远有了《办法》
对违法建设实施行政强制措施，《办法》明确要遵守10个相关规定，包括实施前须向行政机关负责人报告并经批准；由两名以上行政执法人员实施；出示执法身份证件；通知当事人到场；当场告知当事人采取行政强制措施的理由、依据以及当事人依法享有的权利、救济途径；听取当事人的陈述和申辩；当事人不到场的，邀请见证人到场，由见证人和行政执法人员在现场笔录上签名或者盖章；制作现场笔录等。
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HTC's Vive Pro headset is available to pre-order for $799 We've seen plenty of Beats-focused KIRFs in our time, some better than others. Few, however, play quite so directly on the name as OrigAudio's Beets. For $25, adopters get a set of headphones that bear little direct resemblance to Dr. Dre's audio gear of choice, but are no doubt bound to impress friends -- at least, up until they see a root vegetable logo instead of a lower-case B. Thankfully, there's more to it than just amusing and confusing peers. Every purchase will lead to a donation of canned beets (what else?) to the Second Harvest Food Bank of Orange County. For us, that's reason enough to hope that Beats doesn't put the kibosh on OrigAudio's effort. Besides, we could use some accompaniment for our BeetBox.
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娱乐城首存1送彩金_注册首存8元送38元_首存8元送38彩金娱乐城
注册时间：2019-11-20 06:34:52
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娱乐城首存1送彩金_注册首存8元送38元_首存8元送38彩金娱乐城 2019-11-20 06:34:52
开户首存10元送， 张国清强调，要实行限额管理和预算约束，进一步规范政府举债行为，着力化解存量，严格控制增量。据了解，该事项即为4月30日晚间，人人披露的一份交易方案，将资产中的很大一部分以5亿美元的作价转让给全资子公司OakPacificInvestment（以下简称OPI）。 怀化市2018年科技创新与科技扶贫大会9日召开，岳麓青城万达商业广场、中医药产业链、北控能源等30个重大产业项目集中开工和签约，其中9家企业为世界500强和中国500强，总投资近800亿。特别是为了避免商品因运输过程损坏造成争议和退货麻烦，大量商家“宁多勿少”，“里三层、外三层”增加防护，导致包装材料增长。
这条生产线的核心技术由神华集团自主研发，2008年建成后逐渐实现长周期稳定运行。（王晓秋作者为北京大学历史学系教授） 来源：北京日报 这么做当然会给景区和地方政府带来旅游、财政上的“损失”，然而相比之下，给当地自然环境资源带来的“生态损失”，多数情况下是花多少钱都难以挽回的。”西藏自治区环保厅厅长罗杰说。
阅读(490) | 评论(535) | 转发(406) |
织田优成2019-11-20 06:34:52
张婕2019-11-20 06:34:52
诚然，人生如过眼烟云，“逝者如斯”!而两尺果盘也成了昨日的见证，它携带着民俗文化的情韵，身上镌刻着送往迎来的欢娱，竟然穿越历史的烽烟叠嶂，躲过岁月的风刀霜剑，古气盎然地出现在今天，何其珍贵! 沧桑风雨，岁月如梭，几多天灾人祸去复来。，一心堂不在乎和别人竞争行业地位，只想不断地完善自身的企业管理，提升核心竞争力。。――还是“小微企业”！ 一直以来，小微企业融资难、融资贵都是个难题。。
李伟玲2019-11-20 06:34:52
同时，也注意到，这些国家的企业界并不支持这样的做法，认为这是自由贸易的倒退，不利于本国经济发展。， 关系国家安全重要网络产品应经网络安全审查 《网络产品和服务安全审查办法(试行)》自2017年6月1日起实施，旨在提高网络产品和服务安全可控水平，防范网络安全风险，维护国家安全。。规定同时明确，未经许可或超越许可范围开展互联网新闻信息服务活动的，由国家和省、自治区、直辖市互联网信息办公室依据职责责令停止相关服务活动，处一万元以上三万元以下罚款。。
聂胜琼2019-11-20 06:34:52
” 世界杯观看者 一般选择解渴的啤酒 Ken也观察到，消费精酿啤酒的世界杯观看者，大部分对酒没有太高要求，因为看球时间很长，有时候长达4~5个小时，他们不可能选择很重的精酿，一般选择口感清爽的、解渴的啤酒。，同时由于财政部门特别是省财政厅棚改融资政策尚未最终明确，使得少部分棚改贷款投放处于观望或放慢节奏状态，预计可能影响拆迁户拆迁补偿款及时足额领取。。越窑和龙泉窑是浙江更是中国瓷业发展史上的两座高峰。。
罗洋2019-11-20 06:34:52
《消费者权益保护法》规定消费者有公平交易的权利，乘客坐火车，与铁路部门之间就是消费合同关系，铁路部门理应为乘客提供周到的服务。，然而，与此同时，有机构研究报告显示，尽管不少投资者对于啤酒股在世界杯期间的表现抱有期望，但是却未能如愿：“该板块自5月底以来已经萎靡不振了。。至今，已经有30多万吨二氧化碳被捕集和注入地下1500米以下的盐水层封存。。
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Q: NullPointerException in getview of custom adapter I'm getting image from bitmap method and trying to populate the listview. But when i call the bitmap function inside getview the nullpointerException error occurs. please help me... here is my view Activity class: public class Viewactivity extends Activity{ TextView tv; ImageView im; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.views); ListView mListView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.listView); //array houlds all images int Images[] = new int[]{ R.drawable.confidential, ... }; //array holds all strings to be drawn in the image CustomList adaptor = new CustomList(this , Images); mListView.setAdapter(adaptor); } public Bitmap ProcessingBitmap(int image) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Bitmap bm1 = null; Bitmap newBitmap = null; final String data =getIntent().getExtras().getString("keys"); bm1 = ((BitmapDrawable) Viewactivity.this.getResources() .getDrawable(image)).getBitmap(); Config config = bm1.getConfig(); if(config == null){ config = Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888; } newBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bm1.getWidth(), bm1.getHeight(),config); Canvas newCanvas = new Canvas(newBitmap); newCanvas.drawBitmap(bm1, 0, 0, null); if(data != null){ Paint paintText = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); paintText.setColor(Color.RED); paintText.setTextSize(300); // paintText.setTextAlign(Align.CENTER); paintText.setStyle(Style.FILL); paintText.setShadowLayer(10f, 10f, 10f, Color.BLACK); Rect rectText = new Rect(); paintText.getTextBounds(data, 0, data.length(), rectText); paintText.setTextScaleX(1.f); newCanvas.drawText(data, 0, rectText.height(), paintText); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "drawText: " + data, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); }else{ Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "caption empty!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } return newBitmap; } } this is my adapter class: public class CustomList extends BaseAdapter{ Viewactivity act; int[] IMAGES; LayoutInflater inflator; Context sContext; //private String[] TEXTS; public CustomList(Context context, int[] images){ this.IMAGES = images; //this.TEXTS = texts; this.sContext = context; inflator = (LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); } @Override public int getCount() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return IMAGES.length; } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return position; } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return position; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub View v = inflator.inflate(R.layout.row_list, parent, false); final ImageView imageView = (ImageView) v.findViewById(R.id.imageView); imageView.setImageBitmap(act.ProcessingBitmap(IMAGES[position]));// line no:52 return imageView; } } this is my logcat: 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): Process: com.emple.example, PID: 1388 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): java.lang.NullPointerException 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at com.emple.example.CustomList.getView(CustomList.java:52) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.widget.AbsListView.obtainView(AbsListView.java:2263) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.widget.ListView.measureHeightOfChildren(ListView.java:1263) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.widget.ListView.onMeasure(ListView.java:1175) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.View.measure(View.java:16497) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.widget.RelativeLayout.measureChild(RelativeLayout.java:689) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.widget.RelativeLayout.onMeasure(RelativeLayout.java:473) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.View.measure(View.java:16497) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java:5125) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onMeasure(FrameLayout.java:310) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.View.measure(View.java:16497) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java:5125) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at com.android.internal.widget.ActionBarOverlayLayout.onMeasure(ActionBarOverlayLayout.java:327) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.View.measure(View.java:16497) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java:5125) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onMeasure(FrameLayout.java:310) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView.onMeasure(PhoneWindow.java:2291) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.View.measure(View.java:16497) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performMeasure(ViewRootImpl.java:1916) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.ViewRootImpl.measureHierarchy(ViewRootImpl.java:1113) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performTraversals(ViewRootImpl.java:1295) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.ViewRootImpl.doTraversal(ViewRootImpl.java:1000) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.ViewRootImpl$TraversalRunnable.run(ViewRootImpl.java:5670) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.Choreographer$CallbackRecord.run(Choreographer.java:761) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.Choreographer.doCallbacks(Choreographer.java:574) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.Choreographer.doFrame(Choreographer.java:544) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.view.Choreographer$FrameDisplayEventReceiver.run(Choreographer.java:747) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5017) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:779) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:595) 12-18 06:16:51.406: E/AndroidRuntime(1388): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 12-18 06:21:51.616: I/Process(1388): Sending signal. PID: 1388 SIG: 9 A: You haven't initialized your act variable. Init it in your adapter constructor. Something like: public CustomList(Viewactivitty act, int[] images){ this.act = act; this.IMAGES = images; //this.TEXTS = texts; this.sContext = act; inflator = (LayoutInflater)act.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); }
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重磅！PingPong拟投资2.5亿建设全球金融科技产业基地-雨果网
收藏是种习惯，点击 我的资料库 查看收藏的全部资料
提供全球支付解决方案，致力于帮助中国跨境卖家赢得全球竞争力!
这是杭州高新区（滨江）应对统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展的做出的实际行动。
重庆福彩网 3月18日，在杭州高新区（滨江）2020年扩大有效投资工作推进会上，PingPong、萤石网络、启明医疗、立方控股等8家企业与该区进行了“云签约”仪式。据了解，这是杭州高新区（滨江）应对统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展的做出的实际行动，也是该区精准聚焦高新产业发展需求，加快建设世界一流高科技园区的重要落笔。
（2020年扩大有效投资工作推进会项目云签约仪式现场）
今年是PingPong成立的第五年，在过去的几年时间里，PingPong以跨境金融科技业务为核心，形成了闭环生态链并构建了全球合规支付网络，为中国中小出口商户打造了专业化、场景化、多元化的服务体系。PingPong在行业中凭借其专业的服务，在全球跨境电商行业中形成了一定的影响力、号召力，已成为全球跨境新经济的重要参与者以及全球金融科技公司之一。
(PingPong杭州总部)
重庆福彩网 据悉，本次签约仪式上，PingPong对外披露将通过三年的时间在杭州高新区互联网区块投资2.5亿元建设约20亩的全球金融科技产业基地，用于重点满足其新一代业务运营所需，进一步为中国实现数字化贸易革新奠定坚实基础。未来PingPong将切入跨境电商细分领域建设闭环生态圈,在人工智能、反洗钱、反欺诈、机器学习等领域对杭州高新区在科技研发影响力及建设世界一流高科技园区贡献力量，PingPong将携手更多的跨境电商企业共同助力杭州建设数字经济第一城，同时为更多优秀的中国品牌创造更大的全球机遇。
重庆福彩网 （PingPongCEO陈宇远程与杭州高新区进行签约）
重庆福彩网 PingPongCEO陈宇表示：“作为中国从事跨境收款的科技企业，PingPong秉持‘越世界·为中国’的创始初心，在杭州高新区这片创业热土上创造了一个又一个行业奇迹。此次投资建设全球金融科技产业基地，目的是希望以顶尖的技术为中国跨境电商注入互联网时代的科技力、创新力，从而为更多跨境电商企业创造更多价值。”
以上内容属作者个人观点，不代表雨果网立场！
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更新PingPong更换授权方式问题，帮我解答一下，谢谢
如何查询PingPong账户余额？
一个PingPong账号能否绑定多个平台的多个店铺？有没有关联的风险？
PingPong提现是收人民币吗？如果我想收美元呢？
注册PingPong账户需要提前准备哪些资料
Amazon美国站收款账号换成PingPong后，一般要几天才能更新？
PingPong企业账户和个人账户有什么区别？
我的亚马逊店铺因为侵权被关闭了怎么办？
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Syringocystadenoma papilliferum of the cervix presenting as vulvar growth in an adolescent girl. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCP) is a rare, benign, adnexal tumour of apocrine or eccrine differentiation. It is commonly located on head and neck region. We report the case of an 18-year-old woman who presented with a vulvar lobulated growth that was found to arise from the posterior lip of cervix. Histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of SCP. To our knowledge, SCP arising from the cervix has never been reported previously in the literature, thus we believe this to be the first case of SCP arising from the posterior lip of the cervix.
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The basic goal of the effective altruism movement is to create efficient philanthropic change by backing programs and innovations that are cost-effective so that each dollar given impacts as many people as possible. The underlying tenet is that donor dollars are a limited resource, but dollars are just one of the limiting factors. There’s still another major resource that needs to be accounted for: research time. There’s a learning curve for calculation-driven cause groups (and donors) to figure out what world-plaguing problems really are the most pressing, what solutions seem the most promising or neglected, and what else might need to be done. The problem is there hasn’t been a single resource for accessing all this information in one place. To change that, Rethink Priorities, an initiative of the effective altruism awareness and engagement building nonprofit Rethink Charity, has launched Priority Wiki, a publicly editable Wikipedia-like online encyclopedia for cause prioritization wonks. It collects and categorizes vetted research around pressing charitable causes and potential interventions. “This is a big problem because thousands of hours are going into this kind of research, and you don’t want people to forget it exists, or maybe try to duplicate efforts, or just not even remember it,” says Peter Hurford, who codeveloped the wiki alongside colleague Marcus Davis. “We’re trying to capture all relevant research under a wide variety of global issues so that everyone can have a go-to spot to get up to speed.” To do that, Wiki is organized into six broad types of causes. That includes “Existential/Catastrophic Future Risks,” “Improving Research,” “Decisions and Values,” “Improving Policy,” “Developing World Health and Economic Development,” “Developed World Health and Economic Development,” and “Specific Scientific Research.” Each entry is then comprised of related topics. Under the catastrophe heading, for instance, there’s biosecurity, nuclear security, climate change, and geomagnetic storms. As the developers explain in an open letter about their efforts, the wiki is currently populated with a collection of research by effective altruism research organizations including Open Philanthropy, GiveWell, 80,000 Hours, and Animal Charity Evaluators. Many of these are formatted in what’s commonly referred to as a “shallow review,” or high-level overview of each issue, and various important statistics and findings. “That gives you a lot of opportunities to dive into the problem and make a more structured way than dumping someone a 60-item reading list,” says Hurford. Contributors are already revising the content and sharing data about things the originators hadn’t considered. Two recent additions include information about psychedelics and drug reform, and how to prevent or reduce aging-related diseases to extend our natural lifespan.
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Essays Philosophers who think everyday morality is objective should examine the evidence, argues Joshua Knobe. Imagine two people discussing a question in mathematics. One of them says “7,497 is a prime number,” while the other says, “7,497 is not a prime number.” In a case like this one, we would probably conclude that there can only be a single right answer. We might have a lot of respect for both participants in the conversation, we might agree that they are both very reasonable and conscientious, but all the same, one of them has got to be wrong. The question under discussion here, we might say, is perfectly objective. But now suppose we switch to a different topic. Two people are talking about food. One of them says “Don’t even think about eating caterpillars! They are totally disgusting and not tasty at all,” while the other says “Caterpillars are a special delicacy – one of the tastiest, most delectable foods a person can ever have occasion to eat.” In this second case, we might have a very different reaction. We might think that there isn’t any single right answer. Maybe caterpillars are just tasty for some people but not for others. This latter question, we might think, should be understood as relative. Now that we’ve got at least a basic sense for these two categories, we can turn to a more controversial case. Suppose that the two people are talking about morality. One of them says “That action is deeply morally wrong,” while the other is speaking about the very same action and says “That action is completely fine – not the slightest thing to worry about.” In a case like this, one might wonder what reaction would be most appropriate. Should we say that there is a single right answer and anyone who says the opposite must be mistaken, or should we say that different answers could be right for different people? In other words, should we say that morality is something objective or something relative? This is a tricky question, and it can be difficult to see how one might even begin to address it. Faced with an issue like this one, where exactly should we look for evidence? Though philosophers have pursued numerous approaches here, one of the most important and influential is to begin with certain facts about people’s ordinary moral practices. The idea is that we can start out with facts about people’s usual ways of thinking or talking and use these facts to get some insight into questions about the true nature of morality. Thinkers who take this approach usually start out with the assumption that ordinary thought and talk about morality has an objectivist character. For example, the philosopher Michael Smith claims that we seem to think moral questions have correct answers; that the correct answers are made correct by objective moral facts; that moral facts are wholly determined by circumstances and that, by engaging in moral conversation and argument, we can discover what these objective moral facts determined by the circumstances are. And Frank Jackson writes: I take it that it is part of current folk morality that convergence will or would occur. We have some kind of commitment to the idea that moral disagreements can be resolved by sufficient critical reflection – which is why we bother to engage in moral debate. To that extent, some sort of objectivism is part of current folk morality. Then, once one has in hand this claim about people’s ordinary understanding, the aim is to use it as part of a complex argument for a broader philosophical conclusion. It is here that philosophical work on these issues really shines, with rigorous attention to conceptual distinctions and some truly ingenious arguments, objections and replies. There is just one snag. The trouble is that no real evidence is ever offered for the original assumption that ordinary moral thought and talk has this objective character. Instead, philosophers tend simply to assert that people’s ordinary practice is objectivist and then begin arguing from there. If we really want to go after these issues in a rigorous way, it seems that we should adopt a different approach. The first step is to engage in systematic empirical research to figure out how the ordinary practice actually works. Then, once we have the relevant data in hand, we can begin looking more deeply into the philosophical implications – secure in the knowledge that we are not just engaging in a philosophical fiction but rather looking into the philosophical implications of people’s actual practices. Just in the past few years, experimental philosophers have been gathering a wealth of new data on these issues, and we now have at least the first glimmerings of a real empirical research program here. But a funny thing happened when people started taking these questions into the lab. Again and again, when researchers took up these questions experimentally, they did not end up confirming the traditional view. They did not find that people overwhelmingly favoured objectivism. Instead, the results consistently point to a more complex picture. There seems to be a striking degree of conflict even in the intuitions of ordinary folks, with some people under some circumstances offering objectivist answers, while other people under other circumstances offer more relativist views. And that is not all. The experimental results seem to be giving us an ever deeper understanding of why it is that people are drawn in these different directions, what it is that makes some people move toward objectivism and others toward more relativist views. For a nice example from recent research, consider a study by Adam Feltz and Edward Cokely. They were interested in the relationship between belief in moral relativism and the personality trait openness to experience. Accordingly, they conducted a study in which they measured both openness to experience and belief in moral relativism. To get at people’s degree of openness to experience, they used a standard measure designed by researchers in personality psychology. To get at people’s agreement with moral relativism, they told participants about two characters – John and Fred – who held opposite opinions about whether some given act was morally bad. Participants were then asked whether one of these two characters had to be wrong (the objectivist answer) or whether it could be that neither of them was wrong (the relativist answer). What they found was a quite surprising result. It just wasn’t the case that participants overwhelmingly favoured the objectivist answer. Instead, people’s answers were correlated with their personality traits. The higher a participant was in openness to experience, the more likely that participant was to give a relativist answer. Geoffrey Goodwin and John Darley pursued a similar approach, this time looking at the relationship between people’s belief in moral relativism and their tendency to approach questions by considering a whole variety of possibilities. They proceeded by giving participants mathematical puzzles that could only be solved by looking at multiple different possibilities. Thus, participants who considered all these possibilities would tend to get these problems right, whereas those who failed to consider all the possibilities would tend to get the problems wrong. Now comes the surprising result: those participants who got these problems right were significantly more inclined to offer relativist answers than were those participants who got the problems wrong. Taking a slightly different approach, Shaun Nichols and Tricia Folds-Bennett looked at how people’s moral conceptions develop as they grow older. Research in developmental psychology has shown that as children grow up, they develop different understandings of the physical world, of numbers, of other people’s minds. So what about morality? Do people have a different understanding of morality when they are twenty years old than they do when they are only four years old? What the results revealed was a systematic developmental difference. Young children show a strong preference for objectivism, but as they grow older, they become more inclined to adopt relativist views. In other words, there appears to be a developmental shift toward increasing relativism as children mature. (In an exciting new twist on this approach, James Beebe and David Sackris have shown that this pattern eventually reverses, with middle-aged people showing less inclination toward relativism than college students do.) So there we have it. People are more inclined to be relativists when they score highly in openness to experience, when they have an especially good ability to consider multiple possibilities, when they have matured past childhood (but not when they get to be middle-aged). Looking at these various effects, my collaborators and I thought that it might be possible to offer a single unifying account that explained them all. Specifically, our thought was that people might be drawn to relativism to the extent that they open their minds to alternative perspectives. There could be all sorts of different factors that lead people to open their minds in this way (personality traits, cognitive dispositions, age), but regardless of the instigating factor, researchers seemed always to be finding the same basic effect. The more people have a capacity to truly engage with other perspectives, the more they seem to turn toward moral relativism. To really put this hypothesis to the test, Hagop Sarkissian, Jennifer Wright, John Park, David Tien and I teamed up to run a series of new studies. Our aim was to actually manipulate the degree to which people considered alternative perspectives. That is, we wanted to randomly assign people to different conditions in which they would end up thinking in different ways, so that we could then examine the impact of these different conditions on their intuitions about moral relativism. Participants in one condition got more or less the same sort of question used in earlier studies. They were asked to imagine that someone in the United States commits an act of infanticide. Then they were told to suppose that one person from their own college thought that this act was morally bad, while another thought that it was morally permissible. The question then was whether they would agree or disagree with the following statement: Since your classmate and Sam have different judgments about this case, at least one of them must be wrong. Participants in the other conditions received questions aimed at moving their thinking in a different direction. Those who had been assigned to the “other culture” condition were told to imagine an Amazonian tribe, the Mamilons, which had a very different way of life from our own. They were given a brief description of this tribe’s rituals, values and modes of thought. Then they were told to imagine that one of their classmates thought that the act of infanticide was morally bad, while someone from this Amazonian tribe thought that the act was morally permissible. These participants were then asked whether they agreed or disagreed with the corresponding statement: Since your classmate and the Mamilon have different judgments about this case, at least one of them must be wrong. Finally, participants in the “extraterrestrial” condition were told about a culture that was just about as different from our own as can possibly be conceived. They were asked to imagine a race of extraterrestrial beings, the Pentars, who have no interest in friendship, love or happiness. Instead, the Pentars’ only goal is to maximise the total number of equilateral pentagons in the universe, and they move through space doing everything in their power to achieve this goal. (If a Pentar becomes too old to work, she is immediately killed and transformed into a pentagon herself.) As you might guess, these participants were then told to imagine a Pentar who thinks that the act of infanticide is morally permissible. Then came the usual statement: Since your classmate and the Pentar have different judgments about this case, at least one of them must be wrong. The results of the study showed a systematic difference between conditions. In particular, as we moved toward more distant cultures, we found a steady shift toward more relativist answers – with people in the first condition tending to agree with the statement that at least one of them had to be wrong, people in the second being pretty evenly split between the two answers, and people in the third tending to reject the statement quite decisively. Note that all participants in the study are considering judgments about the very same act. There is just a single person, living in the United States, who is performing an act of infanticide, and participants are being asked to consider different judgments one might make about that very same act. Yet, when participants are asked to consider individuals who come at the issue from wildly different perspectives, they end up concluding that these individuals could have opposite opinions without either of them being in any way wrong. This result seems strongly to suggest that people can be drawn under certain circumstances to a form of moral relativism. But now we face a new question. If we learn that people’s ordinary practice is not an objectivist one – that it actually varies depending on the degree to which people take other perspectives into account – how can we then use this information to address the deeper philosophical issues about the true nature of morality? The answer here is in one way very complex and in another very simple. It is complex in that one can answer such questions only by making use of very sophisticated and subtle philosophical methods. Yet, at the same time, it is simple in that such methods have already been developed and are being continually refined and elaborated within the literature in analytic philosophy. The trick now is just to take these methods and apply them to working out the implications of an ordinary practice that actually exists. Share This Joshua Knobe is an associate professor at Yale University, affiliated both with the Program in Cognitive Science and the Department of Philosophy.
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Getting the DID number from a CallCentric SIP trunk for FreePBX I’ve got a few DDI numbers from CallCentric all around the world (UK, US, Australia) and couldn’t figure our how to setup an ‘Inbound Route’ in FreePBX that used the number that had been dialled to route the call. It turns out that you need to extract the number from the ‘SIP header’ information and there’s no setting in FreePBX to do this so it means hacking at the Asterisk config files just a little. There are a few methods for doing this but these instructions should work for FreePBX/Asterisk – When setting up your ‘SIP trunk’ in FreePBX under ‘PEER DETAILS’ you want to put the line – “context=custom-get-did-from-sip” then you need to edit the file /etc/asterisk/extensions_custom.conf and add the following lines –
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Introduction ============ Blood-borne pathogens first encounter the adaptive immune system in the marginal zone region of the spleen where the convergence of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms insures an early and effective response to pathogen antigens ([@bib1], [@bib2]). Both thymic-independent and -dependent responses are elicited in response to infection ([@bib1], [@bib3]). The thymic-independent response involves the targeting and activation of marginal zone B cells (MZBs)[\*](#fn1){ref-type="fn"}through their interaction with the repetitive antigenic determinants of pathogens with complement and B cell antigen receptors ([@bib4], [@bib5]). In contrast, the thymic-dependent Ab response is driven by the interaction and reciprocal stimulation of APCs, T lymphocytes, and B cells. The organization of the splenic white pulp nodule into discrete zones enriched for either B cells, T cells, or APCs provide a spatial microenvironment that facilitates an efficient interaction of pathogens with the various cellular populations required for insuring an efficient immune response ([@bib6]--[@bib8]). Antigen presentation and stimulation of T and B cells ultimately results in the formation of germinal centers, high affinity neutralizing Abs, and memory cells. Recent reports have begun to define the cellular components and molecular signals that are necessary to establish the marginal zone. B cell intrinsic pathways have been described involving specific chemokines and their receptors, molecules involved in B cell activation, as well as adhesion molecules and their ligands ([@bib9], [@bib10]). Apart from the MZB, the other predominant cell of the marginal zone is the marginal zone macrophage (MZMO), which is distinct from the metallophilic macrophage, defined by the marker MOMA-1, located at the border of the marginal and follicular zone ([@bib11]). The MZMO is defined by its location, interspersed in several layers within the marginal zone, and by its expression of the markers MARCO and ER-TR9 ([@bib12], [@bib13]). The former molecule is a scavenger receptor belonging structurally to the class A receptor family whereas the latter is identical to the C-type lectin SIGN-RI ([@bib14]--[@bib17]). MARCO has been shown to bind a range of microbial Ags including *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Escherichia coli* whereas SIGN-RI is the predominant receptor for uptake of polysaccharide dextran by MZMOs. Even though both MZBs and MZMOs are implicated in both thymus-dependent and -independent immune responses, the exact roles of the two cell types in initiation of the response to blood-borne pathogens is not known. We now define a unique role for the MZMO in regulation of MZB retention and activation and show that movement of this subset of macrophages to the red pulp of the spleen involves signaling via SH2-containing inositol-5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP) and Bruton\'s tyrosine kinase (Btk). In addition, we show a direct interaction between MZMOs and MZBs via the MARCO receptor on MZMOs and a ligand on MZBs. Materials and Methods ===================== Mice. ----- C57BL/6 mice obtained from The Jackson Laboratory were used as WT mice and controls unless otherwise stated. Founders of SHIP-deficient mice were provided by G. Krystal (Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada; reference [@bib18]) and Btk-deficient mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. Op/op mice were provided by J. Pollard (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY) and LysMCre transgenic mice ([@bib19]) were provided by I. Forster (Technical University of Munich, Germany). Abs and bacteria was injected i.v. in the tail vein and all experiments involving mice were performed in accordance with National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines. All mice were maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions at The Rockefeller University. Antibodies and Reagents. ------------------------ For histological examination 6-μM frozen sections were stained, and for FACS^®^ analysis erythrocyte-depleted spleen cells were used. Macrophages were detected using MOMA-1, MARCO Abs from Serotec, and ER-TR9 from Accurate Chemical & Scientific Corp. Abs to CD1d, B220, CD19, CD21/CD35 (CRI/II), CD23, MAC-1, anti--rat alkaline phosphatase, and anti--rabbit horseradish peroxidase were from BD Biosciences. Secondary Abs for immunohistochemistry, anti-biotin, anti-FITC F(ab′) horseradish peroxidase, or alkaline phosphatase were from DakoCytomation and rabbit anti--SHIP used for Western blot was from Upstate Biotechnology. Vector Blue Alkaline Phosphatase Substrate from Vector Laboratories and DAB peroxidase substrate from Sigma-Aldrich were used for development of immunohistochemistry stains. Soluble MARCO receptor was provided by T. Pikkarainen (The Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; reference [@bib20]) and was biotinylated using the EZ-Link™ kit from Pierce Chemical Co. The biotinylated soluble MARCO was detected using Streptavidin-CyChrome™ from BD Biosciences. *S. aureus* fluorescent bioparticles were purchased from Molecular Probes, Inc. and MACS anti-FITC and anti-biotin beads were from Miltenyi Biotec. Cl~2~MDP (or clodronate) and PBS liposomes were provided by Roche Diagnostics. Conditional Targeting of SHIP. ------------------------------ Floxed SHIP mice were created by insertion of loxP sites flanking the 10th and 11th exons (see [Fig. 2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"} a) of the SHIP gene. The targeting vector was introduced into embryonic stem (ES) cells by electroporation and clones were selected with neomycin and ganciclovir and verified by Southern blot and PCR. Properly integrated ES clones were transiently transfected with a Cre-expressing plasmid. Clones were subsequently selected for a conditional floxed allele (SHIP^flox^) or null allele (SHIP^null^) using Southern blot and PCR. Appropriate ES clones were then injected into blastocysts to generate chimeric mice. The chimeric mice were then bred with C57BL/6 mice to achieve germline transmission. These mice were subsequently crossed with mice expressing Cre in the myeloid compartment (LysMcre; reference [@bib19]) to generate Cre^+^/null/flox mice. Mice were screened for respective genotype by PCR and SHIP protein expression using Western blot ([@bib21]) on equal numbers of spleen cells purified by MACS (Miltenyi Biotec) sorting according to protocol from the manufacturer. Relative expression of SHIP in macrophage and B cell populations (comparing wt/null with flox/null/cre) were estimated using Alpha imager software from Alpha Innotech Corp. Results and Discussion ====================== Mice deficient in the inhibitory signaling molecule SHIP display pleiotropic defects in macrophages, NK cells, and lymphocytes ([@bib18], [@bib22]). A prominent feature of these mice is their splenomegaly resulting from dysregulation of myeloid proliferation. As seen in [Fig. 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"} Figure 1.SHIP-deficient mice lack MZBs and MZMOs are displaced to the red pulp. (a) FACS^®^ profiles of single cell suspensions from the spleen of SHIP-heterozygous (SHIP^+/−^) and -deficient (SHIP^−/−^) mice. MZBs were measured as the CD19^+^, CRI^high^, and CD23^low^ population. The numbers shown represent percent of CD19^+^ cells for the depicted gates as an average of five mice. Numbers for the follicular B cells are shown for comparison. (b) Representative immunohistochemical analysis of above listed mice. At least four serial sections from each mouse were stained for MOMA-1^+^ (blue, top) metallophilic macrophages or MARCO^+^ MZMOs (blue, bottom). Sections were also stained for B220 (brown) to show the positioning of the follicle. ×10. , SHIP-deficient mice also display a specific defect in the organization of the splenic follicle with the loss of MZBs measured as the CD21^high^/CD23^low^ population in FACS^®^ and in sections as the B220^+^ cells localizing peripherally to the MOMA-1^+^ cells ([Fig. 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}, a and b). In the SHIP-deficient mice the MARCO^+^ MZMO cells are no longer organized within the marginal zone and adjacent to the MOMA-1 macrophages but are redistributed to the red pulp, whereas MOMA-1^+^ metallophils remain unaffected ([Fig. 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"} b). Because SHIP is expressed in most hematopoietic cells, including lymphoid and myeloid subsets, we determined if this marginal zone phenotype in SHIP-deficient mice was the result of primary macrophage dysregulation. A conditional disruption of SHIP was generated in which macrophages displayed an approximate \>90% reduction in SHIP expression whereas B cell expression was reduced by \<10% ([Fig. 2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"} Figure 2.Conditional targeting of SHIP in macrophages results in MZMO displacement and reduced numbers of MZBs. (a) A targeting construct covering exons 10 to 13 of SHIP, from EcoRI (E) to HindIII (H), was made. Boxes represent exons and triangles represent loxP sites flanking exons 10 to 11 and a neomycin resistance gene (neo). Properly integrated ES cell clones were transiently transfected with Cre recombinase to create conditional floxed (SHIP^flox^) or null (SHIP^null^) clones. These cells were subsequently used to create floxed (flox) and null mice, which were crossed to mice expressing Cre from a macrophage-specific lysosomal promoter (cre). (b) Western blot analysis of MAC1^+^ and CD19^+^ spleen cells (SPC) from WT, WT/null, null/null, LysM floxed (flox/null/cre), and relative spleen size of 6-wk-old WT/null and flox/null/cre SHIP mice. (c) FACS^®^ and histological profiles of single cell suspensions from the spleen of the conditionally targeted SHIP KO mice. MZBs were measured as the CD19^+^, CRI^high^, and CD23^low^ population. The numbers shown represent percent of CD19^+^ cells for the depicted gates as an average of five mice and the numbers for the follicular B cells are shown for comparison. For representative immunohistochemical analysis, at least four serial sections were stained for MOMA-1^+^ (blue, top) metallophilic macrophages or MARCO^+^ MZMOs (blue, bottom). Sections were also stained for B220 (brown) to show the positioning of the follicle. Refer to [Fig. 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"} for SHIP^+/−^ and SHIP^−/−^ profiles. ×10. , a and b). This is consistent with the expression patterns of Cre recombinase, driven by the lysosyme promoter used ([@bib19]). The mice developed a splenomegaly at ∼5 wk of age ([Fig. 2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"} b), similar to that of complete SHIP deletion, thus implicating a primary macrophage defect as the cause for splenomegaly in SHIP^−/−^ mice ([@bib18]). In addition, the mice displayed essentially the same marginal zone phenotype with significantly reduced MZBs as defined by flow cytometry and reorganization of the MZMOs as observed by histological staining ([Fig. 2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"} c). To confirm that the SHIP phenotype is B cell nonautonomous and that SHIP-deficient B cells can give rise to MZB populations when WT MZMOs are available, we produced BM chimeras using SHIP-deficient BM combined with WT BM and injected these cells into irradiated WT recipients. In the resulting chimeric mice the SHIP-deficient and WT BMs contributed equally to the MZB population (unpublished data). In B cell lines it has been shown that SHIP functions as a negative regulator of cellular activation by regulating the association of the positive signaling kinase Btk with the membrane, thus raising the threshold required for stimulation ([@bib23]). It does so by hydrolyzing PIP~3~, the substrate for Btk association with the membrane, thereby reducing the ability of Btk to become membrane associated and activated ([@bib24]). Because both SHIP and Btk are expressed in macrophages and a link between these molecules had been suggested, we reasoned that the myeloid proliferation and MZMO phenotype leading to the loss of MZBs might be the result of inappropriate activation of Btk in macrophages of SHIP-deficient animals ([@bib25], [@bib26]). Disruption of Btk in macrophages may thus be sufficient to restore normal signaling thresholds in SHIP-deficient mice. Combining the SHIP deficiency with a Btk deficiency resulted in the restoration of both the normal marginal zone structure ([Fig. 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"} Figure 3.SHIP and Btk interact in myeloid proliferation and activation. (a) FACS^®^ and histological profiles of single cell suspensions from the spleen of SHIP and Btk double KO mice (SHIP^−/−^/Btk^−^). MZBs were measured as the CD19^+^, CRI^high^, and CD23^low^ population. The numbers shown represent percent of CD19^+^ cells for the depicted gates as an average of four mice and the numbers for the follicular B cells are shown for comparison. For representative immunohistochemical analysis, at least four serial sections from were stained for MOMA-1^+^ (blue, top) metallophilic macrophages or MARCO^+^ MZMOs (blue, bottom). Sections were also stained for B220 (brown) to show the positioning of the follicle. ×10. (b) Relative spleen size of 5-wk-old heterozygous KO or double KO mice. a) and spleen size ([Fig. 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"} b) indicating that Btk is an important target of SHIP in myeloid cells in vivo. Similarly, Btk deficiency counteracted the over responsiveness of myeloid progenitors to GM-CSF and M-CSF in SHIP-deficient mice (unpublished data). Both the dysregulation of myeloid proliferation and follicular architecture likely result from enhanced signaling through the Btk pathway in myeloid cells. Reversion of the MZB and myeloid phenotypes in SHIP^−/−^ mice by deletion of Btk suggests that Btk is the dominant Tec family member regulated by SHIP in these cells. The observation that other members of the family are expressed in macrophages and have been shown to be able to substitute for Btk both in vivo and in KO mice indicates a surprising degree of specificity to the SHIP inhibitory pathway ([@bib27]--[@bib29]). These results suggested that MZMOs might be critical to the organization of the white pulp nodule and localization of MZBs in this structure. To test this directly we exploited the observation that MZMOs can be ablated by their preferential ingestion of macrophage-depleting liposomes ([@bib30]). At a low concentration of these liposomes we could see preferential depletion of MARCO^+^ MZMOs as opposed to the adjacent MOMA-1 macrophages ([Fig. 4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}) Figure 4.MARCO^+^ MZMOs are required for retention of MZBs. Representative immunohistochemical analysis and FACS^®^ profiles of spleens from at least four WT mice treated with liposomes or untreated op/op mice. WT mice were injected i.v. with 100 μl PBS containing liposomes or with liposomes containing clodronate at a 1:24 dilution where MZMOs were preferentially depleted. 48 h later serial spleen sections were stained for MOMA-1^+^ (blue, top) metallophilic macrophages or MARCO^+^ (blue, middle) MZMOs. The sections were also stained for B220 (brown) to see the positioning of these populations in relation to the B cell follicle. ×10. Spleen cells were analyzed by FACS^®^ analysis for detection of MZBs as measured by the CD19^+^, CRI^high^, and CD23^low^ population. Numbers shown are the average percent-positive cells of four mice. Similar profiles are shown for untreated *op/op* mice (right). Data shown are representative of three independent experiments. . Other phagocytic cells in the spleen, such as red pulp macrophages and dendritic cells were largely unaffected by this treatment (not depicted). When MZMOs were depleted in this fashion, we observe a specific reduction in the MZBs by both flow cytometry and histological staining. In contrast, MOMA-1 macrophages are specifically absent in the CSF-1--deficient strain *op/op* but these mice retain MARCO^+^/ER-TR9^−^ MZMOs ([@bib31], [@bib32]). The absence of the MOMA-1^+^ cells and the ER-TR9 marker did not result in reduction in MZBs, but rather, an expansion of these cells is observed, indicating that the macrophage population that is required for MZB retention are the MARCO^+^ MZMOs. The identity of the retention signal expressed by MARCO^+^ MZMO cells was next determined by investigating the role of specific surface receptors on the MZMO in maintaining the marginal zone structure. The MARCO receptor, in addition to binding to bacteria ([@bib33]), contains an SRCR domain that has been implicated in binding to CD19^+^ lymphocytes ([@bib34], [@bib35]). To determine if MARCO itself is capable of binding to MZBs, we expressed the extracellular domains of MARCO as a soluble molecule ([@bib20]) and used it to stain splenic populations ([Fig. 5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}) Figure 5.Soluble MARCO receptor (sMARCO) binds preferentially to MZBs. Representative FACS^®^ analysis of spleen cells from WT mice stained with CRI, CD23, and biotinylated sMARCO. Binding of sMARCO to different spleen cell populations was based on gates set on the CRI versus CD23 stain. red, MZBs; blue, follicular B cells; black, non-B cells. The histogram (bottom) shows the mean fluorescence index (MFI) and SD (*n* = 5) for the different populations as well as the avidin (Av) control and block using the MARCO-specific ED31 Ab. Data shown are representative of three independent experiments. . Three populations of cells were distinguished by flow cytometry when stained with CD21 and CD23. Maximal binding to soluble MARCO was observed for the MZBs (CD21^hi^ CD23^low^), whereas the follicular B cells (CD21^low^ CD23^hi^) displayed reduced binding. None of the other splenic populations (T cells, macrophages, or dendritic cells) were capable of binding to soluble MARCO. This binding was specific for the MARCO SRCR domain, as determined by the ability of a monoclonal Ab to this domain (ED31; reference [@bib33]) to block the binding of soluble MARCO to MZBs. When the MARCO-specific Ab was injected i.v. to WT mice it resulted in disruption of the marginal zone structure in which MZBs, identified by CD1d staining, were found in the follicular region whereas MZMOs, identified by ER-TR9 staining, were retained in the marginal zone ([Fig. 6](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}) Figure 6.In vivo disruption of MARCO and MZB interactions leads to MZB migration to the follicle. WT mice were given 100 μg control rat IgG or anti-MARCO (ED31) IgG i.v. 3 h later the mice were killed and the spleens were stained for macrophage and B cell populations. Representative stains of serial sections from at least four different mice are shown. MZMOs were detected with anti-MARCO (blue, top) or ER-TR9 (blue, middle) antibodies whereas metallophilic macrophages were stained with MOMA-1 (brown, bottom). B220^+^ B cells (brown) were stained for positioning of the follicle and MZBs as the CD1^high^ (blue, bottom) population. ×10. Part of the spleen was used for flow cytometric analysis to determine the CD19^+^, CRI^high^, and CD23^low^ populations. Numbers shown are the average of four mice. The percent of CD19^+^ cells for either MZBs or follicular B cells is shown for comparison. Data shown are representative of two independent experiments. . These results suggest that a direct interaction between MZMO and MZBs is mediated by MARCO--MZB binding, through a MARCO ligand expressed on these B cells, and provides a mechanism for the retention of MZBs by MARCO-expressing MZMO cells. Perturbation of this interaction either by disruption of adhesion and/or induction of macrophage activation by MARCO cross-linking results in the appearance of cells expressing a MZB surface phenotype in the follicular zone. To address the relevance of the MARCO^+^ MZMO and its retention of MZBs to its contribution to the development of an immune response to pathogens, we injected mice i.v. with rhodamine-conjugated *S. aureus*, which is a known ligand for the MARCO receptor ([@bib12]). Within 30 min of injection bacteria were visualized exclusively bound to the MZMO cells, a role consistent with the phagocytic property of these scavenger receptor--expressing cells ([Fig. 7](#fig7){ref-type="fig"}) Figure 7.*S. aureus* induce MZMO movement and displacement of MZBs. WT mice were injected i.v. with 250 μg heat-killed and rhodamine-conjugated *S. aureus* in PBS. 0.5 or 18 h later the mice were killed and the spleens were sectioned and stained. Representative stains from at least four mice are shown. MARCO^+^ MZMOs (left) are stained blue and B220^+^ B cells are stained brown. The middle shows the same stains as in the left, merged with the fluorescent stain of *S. aureus.* The right shows stains for the CD1^high^ MZB population (blue) and MOMA-1^+^ metallophilic macrophages (brown). ×10. The data shown are representative of two independent experiments. . 18 h after injection the microbes and the MZMO were found to have comigrated into the red pulp and cells with a MZB phenotype (CD1d^high^) were mostly found in the follicular region. These results are consistent with a model in which interaction of *S. aureus* with MARCO on MZMOs results in their migration into the red pulp and the concomitant migration of MZBs into the follicular region as has been reported for LPS and *E. coli* ([@bib8], [@bib9]). The deletion of the inhibitory signaling molecule SHIP results in a similar MZMO migration response, suggesting that MZMO activation can trigger migration into the red pulp. We presume that the likely explanation for the migration seen in response to *S. aureus* ingestion is the activation of MZMOs by their encounter with these bacteria as has been described ([@bib36], [@bib37]). A similar result was observed for *E. coli* suggesting a more general migratory response by MZMO cells to microbial challenge (unpublished data). The migratory response of the MZMO, carrying Ag to the red pulp, could simply be a method of clearance of particulate Ags or alternatively MZMOs could function as Ag transporters/presenters and supporters of plasmablast formation shown to take place in the red pulp ([Fig. 8](#fig8){ref-type="fig"} Figure 8.Proposed model for interactions between MZMO and MZB and the response of these cells to blood-borne pathogens. In the marginal zone (MZ), MZBs interact with the MZMO via the MARCO receptor (a) and with stromal elements via the ICAM/VCAM and their respective ligands LFA-1 and α4β1 (b). Upon phagocytosis of particulate Ags, the MARCO^+^ MZMOs migrate to the red pulp (c) and the majority of the MZBs migrate to the follicle where they interact with cells such as dendritic and follicular dendritic (d, DC and FDC). In the early response to T cell--independent Ags, the MZB also has the capacity to migrate to the red pulp to take part in plasma cell formation (e), where a possible interaction with MZMOs and MZBs may take place. ; references [@bib38]--[@bib40]). This has previously been reported to be a function of dendritic cells in the T/B cell border of the follicle and by macrophages supporting B1 B cells in the peritoneum ([@bib10]). Interestingly, Kang et al. ([@bib14]) recently showed that phagosomes in MZMOs, after uptake of dextran polysaccarides via SIGN-RI did not stain positive for the endosomal markers LAMP-1 and transferrin. This suggests that Ags taken up by MZMOs may not necessarily take the route of normal phagosome maturation ([@bib41]) resulting in destruction or Ag presentation and thus could provide a mechanism to transport intact Ag to the red pulp by MZMOs. These results suggest that the interaction of MZMO cells with MZBs is required to maintain the marginal zone structure and that this association is perturbed upon MZMO binding and activation by microbial pathogens. It is likely that the MZBs migrate into the follicular zone in response to CXCL13 ([@bib9]) in the absence of retention signals from the MARCO^+^ MZMO. This pathway is likely to be independent of the integrin pathway involving stromal VCAM/ICAM and B cell LFA-1/α4β1 because disruption of that pathway with antibodies to LFA-1 and α4β1 results in the release of MZBs to the blood stream ([@bib9]), not their migration into the follicle, in contrast to the results presented here ([Fig. 8](#fig8){ref-type="fig"}). In addition, we see no effect on the localization of MZMO cells using antibodies to the stromal integrins, nor do we observe effects on their ligand expression when MZMO cells are triggered to migrate (unpublished data). These pathways are thus likely to serve different functions in the organization of the marginal zone, with the MZMO pathway specific for the antimicrobial response, leading to internalization of the organism and trafficking of B cells into the follicular zone to propagate the immune responses. MZBs have the capacity to bind polysaccharide Ags through complement-mediated pathways and transport these to the follicular area of the spleen ([@bib6], [@bib8], [@bib42]). The events we have described appear to be another mechanism for delivery of MZBs and Ag to the T cell--rich follicular region. MZBs have mostly been implicated in the response to T cell--independent Ags, however, they are also capable of presenting Ags ([@bib43]) and may thus be important both for the T cell--dependent and --independent phase of the earliest defense against a pathogen. We would like to thank members of the Ravetch and Steinman labs at The Rockefeller University, especially Pierre Bruhns, Patrick Smith, Maggi Pack, Chae Gyu Park, and Sayori Yamazaki for technical assistance and comments on the manuscript. We also thank Dr. Jeffrey Pollard for op/op mice and Dr. Timo Pikkarainen for reagents and helpful comments. This work was supported by the Swedish Cancer Society and the NIH. *Abbreviations used in this paper:* Btk, Bruton\'s tyrosine kinase; ES, embryonic stem; MZB, marginal zone B cell; MZMO, marginal zone macrophage; SHIP, SH2-containing inositol-5-phosphatase 1.
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内部综合资料,香港六合开奖记录,王中王特码资料_王中王中特网|黄大仙综合资料|刘伯温四不像图
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读者米先生和妻子都是新区某外企做行政工作的白领，两人月收入共2万元左右，有2套房、一辆车,6合彩资料,6合彩图库,六合开奖结果,6合彩资料大全 80后影楼老，月供总计4800元，车贷约2000元,6合彩资料,6合彩图库,六合开奖结果,6合彩资料大全 单身男炒股,管家婆平特一肖期期准,平特一肖网,一码中特资料,大赢家心水,香港,香港陆合彩现场直播。米先生告诉记者，他和妻子平时花钱大手大脚，每个月除还贷的钱基本剩不下钱，属于典型的“月光族”。“我该如何制定理财计划？每月除了房贷车贷外,白小姐中特玄机网，花多少、存多少、投多少才比较合理？”
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Q: How can I Check the current value which is already passed or not in an array in nested foreach in php My array $key1=> Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 7 [3] => 11 [4] => 12 [5] => 17 [6] => 18 ) $_POST['name']=> Array ( [0] => General [1] => General [2] => Outdoors [3] => Dining [4] => Kitchen ) Here is my code, foreach ($key1 as $key => $value) { // echo $value; foreach ($_POST['name'] as $key => $value1) { //echo $value; $subQueryCond .=' AND '.$value1.' LIKE ' .$value ; } } While my Ajax calls this nested loop occurs.. Inside this I wrote a query.. If one value is passed. The query is in the format of AND 'General' LIKE 1. And if another value is passed in the $key1 it pass the query two times. It's like How many arrays are given that much time that query was passed.. So,here I would like to restrict the $value if it already came.. if two values were given,it pass the query in the following manner AND General LIKE 1 AND Outdoors LIKE 1 AND General LIKE 7 AND Outdoors LIKE 7 And my desired query must be in the form of AND General LIKE 1 AND General LIKE 7 AND Outdoors LIKE 7 can someone help me.. A: This will work for you... <?php $subQueryCond= ''; foreach ($key1 as $key => $value) { foreach ($_POST['name'] as $key => $value1) { $subQueryCond['AND '.$value1.' LIKE ' .$value] = ' AND '.$value1.' LIKE ' .$value ; } } echo "<pre>"; print_r($subQueryCond); $query = implode('',$subQueryCond) ; print_r($query); ?> just make an array with unique keys to value, then use implode() function to make query string...
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面议 杭州 中专 3-5年
嘉兴友达自动售货机有限公司
销售经理/业务开发主管
黑龙江佳农生物科技有限公司
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销售开发主管
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苏州日邦自动化科技有限公司
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新乡销售开发主管招聘
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Safety of union home care aides in Washington State. A rate-based understanding of home care aides' adverse occupational outcomes related to their work location and care tasks is lacking. Within a 30-month, dynamic cohort of 43 394 home care aides in Washington State, injury rates were calculated by aides' demographic and work characteristics. Injury narratives and focus groups provided contextual detail. Injury rates were higher for home care aides categorized as female, white, 50 to <65 years old, less experienced, with a primary language of English, and working through an agency (versus individual providers). In addition to direct occupational hazards, variability in workload, income, and supervisory/social support is of concern. Policies should address the roles and training of home care aides, consumers, and managers/supervisors. Home care aides' improved access to often-existing resources to identify, manage, and eliminate occupational hazards is called for to prevent injuries and address concerns related to the vulnerability of this needed workforce.
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威尼斯人官网大厅原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。
原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。威尼斯人开元棋牌 原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。
原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。威尼斯人官网大厅原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。
原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。威尼斯人官网大厅原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。
原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。威尼斯人官网大厅原标题：澳门为何能让习近平主席点赞，这些小细节很能说明原因 |上观直击澳门“这几天香港街上太平吗？”“还行吧，就是周末还有黑衣人搞破坏。”在港的记者朋友在微信上说。说实话，比起在香港采访时的提心吊胆，我在澳门心情轻松许多，至少不必看到穿黑衣服的人就头皮发麻，也不用在人群密集处刻意讲英语，正常的新闻采访该怎样做就怎么做。20日是澳门回归祖国20周年纪念日。19日，国家主席习近平在出席特区政府欢迎晚宴上，赞扬澳门发展日新月异，澳门同胞当家作主风貌昂扬向上，澳门特别行政区前进步伐坚实有力。18日，我人还没出澳门机场就感到喜庆气氛。再从机场坐车去住宿酒店，一路上大幅庆祝海报、高扬的五星红旗与特区区旗，很难不把人带入到庆回归的氛围中去。而除了这些宏大叙事之外，还有几个细节很值得回味，从中或许就能理解澳门的治。澳门邮政局总部大楼位于老城区议事亭前地，是一栋有百多年历史的葡萄牙式建筑。楼内圆形柜台边上，放着供市民取用的各种宣传小册子。特区政府法制局编印的《维护国家安全法》单页放在显眼位置。或许是拿这个的人太多了，柜台上只剩下了一册繁体字版。早在2009年，澳门特区履行基本法第23条规定的宪制责任，率先制定了《维护国家安全法》。有法可依是第一步，让60多万市民知晓是第二步。直到10年后的今天，这类普法教育依然在润物细无声地继续。考虑到如今走入邮局的多为上了年纪的人，用最传统的单页方式进行宣传，应该是恰当好处的。迄今为止《维护国家安全法》还没被引用过，但正如新任行政长官贺一诚所言，“没用过是好事。不要碰这条底线，否则会依法处理”。这就是有法必依，第三步。很多人都知道著名音乐家冼星海，但未必有多少人知道他出生在濠江边上。上月底，位于澳门半岛俾利喇街别墅区的冼星海纪念馆正式开放，向市民展示这位人民音乐家的诸多遗物与手稿。而据特区政府规划，与其相邻的别墅将筹建冼星海纪念馆二馆，以抗日战争为主题，展示澳门在那段烽火岁月中的历史贡献。说来惭愧，我之所以会知道有冼星海纪念馆，是因为大三巴牌坊边的澳门博物馆内，醒目位置贴着纪念馆海报。循地址前去参观，感觉“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，对冼星海的一生有了较全面的了解。我想，澳门市民大概也会有相似感受。澳门地狭人稠寸土寸金，但除了冼星海纪念馆外，还较好保存着林则徐纪念馆、郑家大屋（郑观应纪念馆）、叶挺故居等，便于市民了解他们的故事。我们常说，历史是最好的教科书，通过推崇褒扬这些仁人志士的功绩，视之为这座城市的荣光与骄傲，相信能建构起澳门社会爱国爱澳的坚强基础。这样的潜移默化，既能通过历史，也可借助当下。这几天，位于氹仔的澳门科技大学正举行“庆回归二十周年航天科普展”，澳门首颗科技试验卫星“澳科一号”也在此亮相。活动现场遇到了一位在澳科大学习设计的内地女生，正和几位本地同学有说有笑地观展。她告诉我，为了节省房租，她学在澳门，住在珠海，每天通过拱北口岸进出关，单程不过一个小时，很是方便。据她说，不少澳门老太太每天拎着篮子去珠海买菜，珠海市民也会去澳门购物。虽然这位女生说的都是小事，但至少可以说明两个问题。第一，在澳门，内地生与本地生的关系比较融洽，应该不会出现上个月在港内地生大撤离的场景；第二，听起来高大上的粤港澳大湾区建设，其实也能通过小细节进行展示。比如，澳门与珠海这两座城市间，就有了颇有意思的双城故事。人都是讲感情的，是会用脚投票的。相比起香港街头内地游客稀稀拉拉与商店冷冷清清，在大三巴牌坊附近能听到内地的各种方言。与此同时，就是内地游客们提着大包小包的猪肉脯、杏仁饼、老婆饼、花生糖。他们拉动的不仅是食品业，还有酒店业、交通业和观光业，形成了惠及澳门经济的旅游产业链，其中最重要的润滑剂，应该是澳门社会对内地的亲近感，以及澳门市民对内地游客的友善度。身在澳门写香港，总有别样滋味在心头。港澳间情况不同，这是客观事实，大可不必讳言。但我依然认为，虽然不能全盘照抄照搬，但澳门一些做法还是可以给隔壁邻居不少镜鉴。
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{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-} {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-} {-# LANGUAGE Safe #-} {-# LANGUAGE Strict #-} {-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-} {-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-} -- | -- -- This module implements a transformation from source to core -- Futhark. module Futhark.Internalise (internaliseProg) where import Control.Monad.Reader import Data.Bitraversable import Data.List (find, intercalate, intersperse, nub, transpose) import qualified Data.List.NonEmpty as NE import qualified Data.Map.Strict as M import qualified Data.Set as S import Futhark.IR.SOACS as I hiding (stmPattern) import Futhark.Internalise.AccurateSizes import Futhark.Internalise.Bindings import Futhark.Internalise.Defunctionalise as Defunctionalise import Futhark.Internalise.Defunctorise as Defunctorise import Futhark.Internalise.Lambdas import Futhark.Internalise.Monad as I import Futhark.Internalise.Monomorphise as Monomorphise import Futhark.Internalise.TypesValues import Futhark.Transform.Rename as I import Futhark.Util (splitAt3) import Language.Futhark as E hiding (TypeArg) import Language.Futhark.Semantic (Imports) -- | Convert a program in source Futhark to a program in the Futhark -- core language. internaliseProg :: MonadFreshNames m => Bool -> Imports -> m (I.Prog SOACS) internaliseProg always_safe prog = do prog_decs <- Defunctorise.transformProg prog prog_decs' <- Monomorphise.transformProg prog_decs prog_decs'' <- Defunctionalise.transformProg prog_decs' (consts, funs) <- runInternaliseM always_safe (internaliseValBinds prog_decs'') I.renameProg $ I.Prog consts funs internaliseAttr :: E.AttrInfo -> Attr internaliseAttr (E.AttrAtom v) = I.AttrAtom v internaliseAttr (E.AttrComp f attrs) = I.AttrComp f $ map internaliseAttr attrs internaliseAttrs :: [E.AttrInfo] -> Attrs internaliseAttrs = mconcat . map (oneAttr . internaliseAttr) internaliseValBinds :: [E.ValBind] -> InternaliseM () internaliseValBinds = mapM_ internaliseValBind internaliseFunName :: VName -> [E.Pattern] -> InternaliseM Name internaliseFunName ofname [] = return $ nameFromString $ pretty ofname ++ "f" internaliseFunName ofname _ = do info <- lookupFunction' ofname -- In some rare cases involving local functions, the same function -- name may be re-used in multiple places. We check whether the -- function name has already been used, and generate a new one if -- so. case info of Just _ -> nameFromString . pretty <$> newNameFromString (baseString ofname) Nothing -> return $ nameFromString $ pretty ofname internaliseValBind :: E.ValBind -> InternaliseM () internaliseValBind fb@(E.ValBind entry fname retdecl (Info (rettype, _)) tparams params body _ attrs loc) = do localConstsScope $ bindingParams tparams params $ \shapeparams params' -> do let shapenames = map I.paramName shapeparams normal_params = shapenames ++ map I.paramName (concat params') normal_param_names = namesFromList normal_params fname' <- internaliseFunName fname params msg <- case retdecl of Just dt -> errorMsg . ("Function return value does not match shape of type " :) <$> typeExpForError dt Nothing -> return $ errorMsg ["Function return value does not match shape of declared return type."] ((rettype', body_res), body_stms) <- collectStms $ do body_res <- internaliseExp "res" body rettype_bad <- internaliseReturnType rettype let rettype' = zeroExts rettype_bad return (rettype', body_res) body' <- ensureResultExtShape msg loc (map I.fromDecl rettype') $ mkBody body_stms body_res constants <- allConsts let free_in_fun = freeIn body' `namesSubtract` normal_param_names `namesSubtract` constants used_free_params <- forM (namesToList free_in_fun) $ \v -> do v_t <- lookupType v return $ Param v $ toDecl v_t Nonunique let free_shape_params = map (`Param` I.Prim int32) $ concatMap (I.shapeVars . I.arrayShape . I.paramType) used_free_params free_params = nub $ free_shape_params ++ used_free_params all_params = free_params ++ shapeparams ++ concat params' let fd = I.FunDef Nothing (internaliseAttrs attrs) fname' rettype' all_params body' if null params' then bindConstant fname fd else bindFunction fname fd ( fname', map I.paramName free_params, shapenames, map declTypeOf $ concat params', all_params, applyRetType rettype' all_params ) case entry of Just (Info entry') -> generateEntryPoint entry' fb Nothing -> return () where zeroExts ts = generaliseExtTypes ts ts allDimsFreshInType :: MonadFreshNames m => E.PatternType -> m E.PatternType allDimsFreshInType = bitraverse onDim pure where onDim (E.NamedDim v) = E.NamedDim . E.qualName <$> newVName (baseString $ E.qualLeaf v) onDim _ = E.NamedDim . E.qualName <$> newVName "size" -- | Replace all named dimensions with a fresh name, and remove all -- constant dimensions. The point is to remove the constraints, but -- keep the names around. We use this for constructing the entry -- point parameters. allDimsFreshInPat :: MonadFreshNames m => E.Pattern -> m E.Pattern allDimsFreshInPat (PatternAscription p _ _) = allDimsFreshInPat p allDimsFreshInPat (PatternParens p _) = allDimsFreshInPat p allDimsFreshInPat (Id v (Info t) loc) = Id v <$> (Info <$> allDimsFreshInType t) <*> pure loc allDimsFreshInPat (TuplePattern ps loc) = TuplePattern <$> mapM allDimsFreshInPat ps <*> pure loc allDimsFreshInPat (RecordPattern ps loc) = RecordPattern <$> mapM (traverse allDimsFreshInPat) ps <*> pure loc allDimsFreshInPat (Wildcard (Info t) loc) = Wildcard <$> (Info <$> allDimsFreshInType t) <*> pure loc allDimsFreshInPat (PatternLit e (Info t) loc) = PatternLit e <$> (Info <$> allDimsFreshInType t) <*> pure loc allDimsFreshInPat (PatternConstr c (Info t) pats loc) = PatternConstr c <$> (Info <$> allDimsFreshInType t) <*> mapM allDimsFreshInPat pats <*> pure loc generateEntryPoint :: E.EntryPoint -> E.ValBind -> InternaliseM () generateEntryPoint (E.EntryPoint e_paramts e_rettype) vb = localConstsScope $ do let (E.ValBind _ ofname _ (Info (rettype, _)) _ params _ _ attrs loc) = vb -- We replace all shape annotations, so there should be no constant -- parameters here. params_fresh <- mapM allDimsFreshInPat params let tparams = map (`E.TypeParamDim` mempty) $ S.toList $ mconcat $ map E.patternDimNames params_fresh bindingParams tparams params_fresh $ \shapeparams params' -> do entry_rettype <- internaliseEntryReturnType $ anySizes rettype let entry' = entryPoint (zip e_paramts params') (e_rettype, entry_rettype) args = map (I.Var . I.paramName) $ concat params' entry_body <- insertStmsM $ do -- Special case the (rare) situation where the entry point is -- not a function. maybe_const <- lookupConst ofname vals <- case maybe_const of Just ses -> return ses Nothing -> fst <$> funcall "entry_result" (E.qualName ofname) args loc ctx <- extractShapeContext (concat entry_rettype) <$> mapM (fmap I.arrayDims . subExpType) vals resultBodyM (ctx ++ vals) addFunDef $ I.FunDef (Just entry') (internaliseAttrs attrs) (baseName ofname) (concat entry_rettype) (shapeparams ++ concat params') entry_body entryPoint :: [(E.EntryType, [I.FParam])] -> ( E.EntryType, [[I.TypeBase ExtShape Uniqueness]] ) -> I.EntryPoint entryPoint params (eret, crets) = ( concatMap (entryPointType . preParam) params, case ( isTupleRecord $ entryType eret, entryAscribed eret ) of (Just ts, Just (E.TETuple e_ts _)) -> concatMap entryPointType $ zip (zipWith E.EntryType ts (map Just e_ts)) crets (Just ts, Nothing) -> concatMap entryPointType $ zip (map (`E.EntryType` Nothing) ts) crets _ -> entryPointType (eret, concat crets) ) where preParam (e_t, ps) = (e_t, staticShapes $ map I.paramDeclType ps) entryPointType (t, ts) | E.Scalar (E.Prim E.Unsigned {}) <- E.entryType t = [I.TypeUnsigned] | E.Array _ _ (E.Prim E.Unsigned {}) _ <- E.entryType t = [I.TypeUnsigned] | E.Scalar E.Prim {} <- E.entryType t = [I.TypeDirect] | E.Array _ _ E.Prim {} _ <- E.entryType t = [I.TypeDirect] | otherwise = [I.TypeOpaque desc $ length ts] where desc = maybe (pretty t') typeExpOpaqueName $ E.entryAscribed t t' = noSizes (E.entryType t) `E.setUniqueness` Nonunique typeExpOpaqueName (TEApply te TypeArgExpDim {} _) = typeExpOpaqueName te typeExpOpaqueName (TEArray te _ _) = let (d, te') = withoutDims te in "arr_" ++ typeExpOpaqueName te' ++ "_" ++ show (1 + d) ++ "d" typeExpOpaqueName te = pretty te withoutDims (TEArray te _ _) = let (d, te') = withoutDims te in (d + 1, te') withoutDims te = (0 :: Int, te) internaliseIdent :: E.Ident -> InternaliseM I.VName internaliseIdent (E.Ident name (Info tp) loc) = case tp of E.Scalar E.Prim {} -> return name _ -> error $ "Futhark.Internalise.internaliseIdent: asked to internalise non-prim-typed ident '" ++ pretty name ++ " of type " ++ pretty tp ++ " at " ++ locStr loc ++ "." internaliseBody :: E.Exp -> InternaliseM Body internaliseBody e = insertStmsM $ resultBody <$> internaliseExp "res" e bodyFromStms :: InternaliseM (Result, a) -> InternaliseM (Body, a) bodyFromStms m = do ((res, a), stms) <- collectStms m (,a) <$> mkBodyM stms res internaliseExp :: String -> E.Exp -> InternaliseM [I.SubExp] internaliseExp desc (E.Parens e _) = internaliseExp desc e internaliseExp desc (E.QualParens _ e _) = internaliseExp desc e internaliseExp desc (E.StringLit vs _) = fmap pure $ letSubExp desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.ArrayLit (map constant vs) $ I.Prim int8 internaliseExp _ (E.Var (E.QualName _ name) (Info t) loc) = do subst <- lookupSubst name case subst of Just substs -> return substs Nothing -> do -- If this identifier is the name of a constant, we have to turn it -- into a call to the corresponding function. is_const <- lookupConst name case is_const of Just ses -> return ses Nothing -> (: []) . I.Var <$> internaliseIdent (E.Ident name (Info t) loc) internaliseExp desc (E.Index e idxs (Info ret, Info retext) loc) = do vs <- internaliseExpToVars "indexed" e dims <- case vs of [] -> return [] -- Will this happen? v : _ -> I.arrayDims <$> lookupType v (idxs', cs) <- internaliseSlice loc dims idxs let index v = do v_t <- lookupType v return $ I.BasicOp $ I.Index v $ fullSlice v_t idxs' ses <- certifying cs $ letSubExps desc =<< mapM index vs bindExtSizes (E.toStruct ret) retext ses return ses -- XXX: we map empty records and tuples to bools, because otherwise -- arrays of unit will lose their sizes. internaliseExp _ (E.TupLit [] _) = return [constant True] internaliseExp _ (E.RecordLit [] _) = return [constant True] internaliseExp desc (E.TupLit es _) = concat <$> mapM (internaliseExp desc) es internaliseExp desc (E.RecordLit orig_fields _) = concatMap snd . sortFields . M.unions <$> mapM internaliseField orig_fields where internaliseField (E.RecordFieldExplicit name e _) = M.singleton name <$> internaliseExp desc e internaliseField (E.RecordFieldImplicit name t loc) = internaliseField $ E.RecordFieldExplicit (baseName name) (E.Var (E.qualName name) t loc) loc internaliseExp desc (E.ArrayLit es (Info arr_t) loc) -- If this is a multidimensional array literal of primitives, we -- treat it specially by flattening it out followed by a reshape. -- This cuts down on the amount of statements that are produced, and -- thus allows us to efficiently handle huge array literals - a -- corner case, but an important one. | Just ((eshape, e') : es') <- mapM isArrayLiteral es, not $ null eshape, all ((eshape ==) . fst) es', Just basetype <- E.peelArray (length eshape) arr_t = do let flat_lit = E.ArrayLit (e' ++ concatMap snd es') (Info basetype) loc new_shape = length es : eshape flat_arrs <- internaliseExpToVars "flat_literal" flat_lit forM flat_arrs $ \flat_arr -> do flat_arr_t <- lookupType flat_arr let new_shape' = reshapeOuter (map (DimNew . intConst Int32 . toInteger) new_shape) 1 $ I.arrayShape flat_arr_t letSubExp desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.Reshape new_shape' flat_arr | otherwise = do es' <- mapM (internaliseExp "arr_elem") es arr_t_ext <- internaliseReturnType (E.toStruct arr_t) rowtypes <- case mapM (fmap rowType . hasStaticShape . I.fromDecl) arr_t_ext of Just ts -> pure ts Nothing -> -- XXX: the monomorphiser may create single-element array -- literals with an unknown row type. In those cases we -- need to look at the types of the actual elements. -- Fixing this in the monomorphiser is a lot more tricky -- than just working around it here. case es' of [] -> error $ "internaliseExp ArrayLit: existential type: " ++ pretty arr_t e' : _ -> mapM subExpType e' let arraylit ks rt = do ks' <- mapM ( ensureShape "shape of element differs from shape of first element" loc rt "elem_reshaped" ) ks return $ I.BasicOp $ I.ArrayLit ks' rt letSubExps desc =<< if null es' then mapM (arraylit []) rowtypes else zipWithM arraylit (transpose es') rowtypes where isArrayLiteral :: E.Exp -> Maybe ([Int], [E.Exp]) isArrayLiteral (E.ArrayLit inner_es _ _) = do (eshape, e) : inner_es' <- mapM isArrayLiteral inner_es guard $ all ((eshape ==) . fst) inner_es' return (length inner_es : eshape, e ++ concatMap snd inner_es') isArrayLiteral e = Just ([], [e]) internaliseExp desc (E.Range start maybe_second end (Info ret, Info retext) loc) = do start' <- internaliseExp1 "range_start" start end' <- internaliseExp1 "range_end" $ case end of DownToExclusive e -> e ToInclusive e -> e UpToExclusive e -> e maybe_second' <- traverse (internaliseExp1 "range_second") maybe_second -- Construct an error message in case the range is invalid. let conv = case E.typeOf start of E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.Unsigned _)) -> asIntS Int32 _ -> asIntS Int32 start'_i32 <- conv start' end'_i32 <- conv end' maybe_second'_i32 <- traverse conv maybe_second' let errmsg = errorMsg $ ["Range "] ++ [ErrorInt32 start'_i32] ++ ( case maybe_second'_i32 of Nothing -> [] Just second_i32 -> ["..", ErrorInt32 second_i32] ) ++ ( case end of DownToExclusive {} -> ["..>"] ToInclusive {} -> ["..."] UpToExclusive {} -> ["..<"] ) ++ [ErrorInt32 end'_i32, " is invalid."] (it, le_op, lt_op) <- case E.typeOf start of E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.Signed it)) -> return (it, CmpSle it, CmpSlt it) E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.Unsigned it)) -> return (it, CmpUle it, CmpUlt it) start_t -> error $ "Start value in range has type " ++ pretty start_t let one = intConst it 1 negone = intConst it (-1) default_step = case end of DownToExclusive {} -> negone ToInclusive {} -> one UpToExclusive {} -> one (step, step_zero) <- case maybe_second' of Just second' -> do subtracted_step <- letSubExp "subtracted_step" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (I.Sub it I.OverflowWrap) second' start' step_zero <- letSubExp "step_zero" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq $ IntType it) start' second' return (subtracted_step, step_zero) Nothing -> return (default_step, constant False) step_sign <- letSubExp "s_sign" $ BasicOp $ I.UnOp (I.SSignum it) step step_sign_i32 <- asIntS Int32 step_sign bounds_invalid_downwards <- letSubExp "bounds_invalid_downwards" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp le_op start' end' bounds_invalid_upwards <- letSubExp "bounds_invalid_upwards" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp lt_op end' start' (distance, step_wrong_dir, bounds_invalid) <- case end of DownToExclusive {} -> do step_wrong_dir <- letSubExp "step_wrong_dir" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq $ IntType it) step_sign one distance <- letSubExp "distance" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Sub it I.OverflowWrap) start' end' distance_i32 <- asIntS Int32 distance return (distance_i32, step_wrong_dir, bounds_invalid_downwards) UpToExclusive {} -> do step_wrong_dir <- letSubExp "step_wrong_dir" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq $ IntType it) step_sign negone distance <- letSubExp "distance" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Sub it I.OverflowWrap) end' start' distance_i32 <- asIntS Int32 distance return (distance_i32, step_wrong_dir, bounds_invalid_upwards) ToInclusive {} -> do downwards <- letSubExp "downwards" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq $ IntType it) step_sign negone distance_downwards_exclusive <- letSubExp "distance_downwards_exclusive" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Sub it I.OverflowWrap) start' end' distance_upwards_exclusive <- letSubExp "distance_upwards_exclusive" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Sub it I.OverflowWrap) end' start' bounds_invalid <- letSubExp "bounds_invalid" $ I.If downwards (resultBody [bounds_invalid_downwards]) (resultBody [bounds_invalid_upwards]) $ ifCommon [I.Prim I.Bool] distance_exclusive <- letSubExp "distance_exclusive" $ I.If downwards (resultBody [distance_downwards_exclusive]) (resultBody [distance_upwards_exclusive]) $ ifCommon [I.Prim $ IntType it] distance_exclusive_i32 <- asIntS Int32 distance_exclusive distance <- letSubExp "distance" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Add Int32 I.OverflowWrap) distance_exclusive_i32 (intConst Int32 1) return (distance, constant False, bounds_invalid) step_invalid <- letSubExp "step_invalid" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp I.LogOr step_wrong_dir step_zero invalid <- letSubExp "range_invalid" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp I.LogOr step_invalid bounds_invalid valid <- letSubExp "valid" $ I.BasicOp $ I.UnOp I.Not invalid cs <- assert "range_valid_c" valid errmsg loc step_i32 <- asIntS Int32 step pos_step <- letSubExp "pos_step" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Mul Int32 I.OverflowWrap) step_i32 step_sign_i32 num_elems <- certifying cs $ letSubExp "num_elems" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (SDivUp Int32 I.Unsafe) distance pos_step se <- letSubExp desc (I.BasicOp $ I.Iota num_elems start' step it) bindExtSizes (E.toStruct ret) retext [se] return [se] internaliseExp desc (E.Ascript e _ _) = internaliseExp desc e internaliseExp desc (E.Coerce e (TypeDecl dt (Info et)) (Info ret, Info retext) loc) = do ses <- internaliseExp desc e ts <- internaliseReturnType et dt' <- typeExpForError dt bindExtSizes (E.toStruct ret) retext ses forM (zip ses ts) $ \(e', t') -> do dims <- arrayDims <$> subExpType e' let parts = ["Value of (core language) shape ("] ++ intersperse ", " (map ErrorInt32 dims) ++ [") cannot match shape of type `"] ++ dt' ++ ["`."] ensureExtShape (errorMsg parts) loc (I.fromDecl t') desc e' internaliseExp desc (E.Negate e _) = do e' <- internaliseExp1 "negate_arg" e et <- subExpType e' case et of I.Prim (I.IntType t) -> letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (I.Sub t I.OverflowWrap) (I.intConst t 0) e' I.Prim (I.FloatType t) -> letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (I.FSub t) (I.floatConst t 0) e' _ -> error "Futhark.Internalise.internaliseExp: non-numeric type in Negate" internaliseExp desc e@E.Apply {} = do (qfname, args, ret, retext) <- findFuncall e -- Argument evaluation is outermost-in so that any existential sizes -- created by function applications can be brought into scope. let fname = nameFromString $ pretty $ baseName $ qualLeaf qfname loc = srclocOf e arg_desc = nameToString fname ++ "_arg" -- Some functions are magical (overloaded) and we handle that here. ses <- case () of -- Overloaded functions never take array arguments (except -- equality, but those cannot be existential), so we can safely -- ignore the existential dimensions. () | Just internalise <- isOverloadedFunction qfname (map fst args) loc -> internalise desc | Just (rettype, _) <- M.lookup fname I.builtInFunctions -> do let tag ses = [(se, I.Observe) | se <- ses] args' <- reverse <$> mapM (internaliseArg arg_desc) (reverse args) let args'' = concatMap tag args' letTupExp' desc $ I.Apply fname args'' [I.Prim rettype] (Safe, loc, []) | otherwise -> do args' <- concat . reverse <$> mapM (internaliseArg arg_desc) (reverse args) fst <$> funcall desc qfname args' loc bindExtSizes ret retext ses return ses internaliseExp desc (E.LetPat pat e body (Info ret, Info retext) _) = do ses <- internalisePat desc pat e body (internaliseExp desc) bindExtSizes (E.toStruct ret) retext ses return ses internaliseExp desc (E.LetFun ofname (tparams, params, retdecl, Info rettype, body) letbody _ loc) = do internaliseValBind $ E.ValBind Nothing ofname retdecl (Info (rettype, [])) tparams params body Nothing mempty loc internaliseExp desc letbody internaliseExp desc (E.DoLoop sparams mergepat mergeexp form loopbody (Info (ret, retext)) loc) = do ses <- internaliseExp "loop_init" mergeexp ((loopbody', (form', shapepat, mergepat', mergeinit')), initstms) <- collectStms $ handleForm ses form addStms initstms mergeinit_ts' <- mapM subExpType mergeinit' ctxinit <- argShapes (map I.paramName shapepat) mergepat' mergeinit_ts' let ctxmerge = zip shapepat ctxinit valmerge = zip mergepat' mergeinit' dropCond = case form of E.While {} -> drop 1 _ -> id -- Ensure that the result of the loop matches the shapes of the -- merge parameters. XXX: Ideally they should already match (by -- the source language type rules), but some of our -- transformations (esp. defunctionalisation) strips out some size -- information. For a type-correct source program, these reshapes -- should simplify away. let merge = ctxmerge ++ valmerge merge_ts = map (I.paramType . fst) merge loopbody'' <- localScope (scopeOfFParams $ map fst merge) $ inScopeOf form' $ insertStmsM $ resultBodyM =<< ensureArgShapes "shape of loop result does not match shapes in loop parameter" loc (map (I.paramName . fst) ctxmerge) merge_ts =<< bodyBind loopbody' attrs <- asks envAttrs loop_res <- map I.Var . dropCond <$> attributing attrs (letTupExp desc (I.DoLoop ctxmerge valmerge form' loopbody'')) bindExtSizes (E.toStruct ret) retext loop_res return loop_res where sparams' = map (`TypeParamDim` mempty) sparams forLoop mergepat' shapepat mergeinit form' = bodyFromStms $ inScopeOf form' $ do ses <- internaliseExp "loopres" loopbody sets <- mapM subExpType ses shapeargs <- argShapes (map I.paramName shapepat) mergepat' sets return ( shapeargs ++ ses, ( form', shapepat, mergepat', mergeinit ) ) handleForm mergeinit (E.ForIn x arr) = do arr' <- internaliseExpToVars "for_in_arr" arr arr_ts <- mapM lookupType arr' let w = arraysSize 0 arr_ts i <- newVName "i" bindingLoopParams sparams' mergepat $ \shapepat mergepat' -> bindingLambdaParams [x] (map rowType arr_ts) $ \x_params -> do let loopvars = zip x_params arr' forLoop mergepat' shapepat mergeinit $ I.ForLoop i Int32 w loopvars handleForm mergeinit (E.For i num_iterations) = do num_iterations' <- internaliseExp1 "upper_bound" num_iterations i' <- internaliseIdent i num_iterations_t <- I.subExpType num_iterations' it <- case num_iterations_t of I.Prim (IntType it) -> return it _ -> error "internaliseExp DoLoop: invalid type" bindingLoopParams sparams' mergepat $ \shapepat mergepat' -> forLoop mergepat' shapepat mergeinit $ I.ForLoop i' it num_iterations' [] handleForm mergeinit (E.While cond) = bindingLoopParams sparams' mergepat $ \shapepat mergepat' -> do mergeinit_ts <- mapM subExpType mergeinit -- We need to insert 'cond' twice - once for the initial -- condition (do we enter the loop at all?), and once with the -- result values of the loop (do we continue into the next -- iteration?). This is safe, as the type rules for the -- external language guarantees that 'cond' does not consume -- anything. shapeinit <- argShapes (map I.paramName shapepat) mergepat' mergeinit_ts (loop_initial_cond, init_loop_cond_bnds) <- collectStms $ do forM_ (zip shapepat shapeinit) $ \(p, se) -> letBindNames [paramName p] $ BasicOp $ SubExp se forM_ (zip mergepat' mergeinit) $ \(p, se) -> unless (se == I.Var (paramName p)) $ letBindNames [paramName p] $ BasicOp $ case se of I.Var v | not $ primType $ paramType p -> Reshape (map DimCoercion $ arrayDims $ paramType p) v _ -> SubExp se internaliseExp1 "loop_cond" cond addStms init_loop_cond_bnds bodyFromStms $ do ses <- internaliseExp "loopres" loopbody sets <- mapM subExpType ses loop_while <- newParam "loop_while" $ I.Prim I.Bool shapeargs <- argShapes (map I.paramName shapepat) mergepat' sets -- Careful not to clobber anything. loop_end_cond_body <- renameBody <=< insertStmsM $ do forM_ (zip shapepat shapeargs) $ \(p, se) -> unless (se == I.Var (paramName p)) $ letBindNames [paramName p] $ BasicOp $ SubExp se forM_ (zip mergepat' ses) $ \(p, se) -> unless (se == I.Var (paramName p)) $ letBindNames [paramName p] $ BasicOp $ case se of I.Var v | not $ primType $ paramType p -> Reshape (map DimCoercion $ arrayDims $ paramType p) v _ -> SubExp se resultBody <$> internaliseExp "loop_cond" cond loop_end_cond <- bodyBind loop_end_cond_body return ( shapeargs ++ loop_end_cond ++ ses, ( I.WhileLoop $ I.paramName loop_while, shapepat, loop_while : mergepat', loop_initial_cond : mergeinit ) ) internaliseExp desc (E.LetWith name src idxs ve body t loc) = do let pat = E.Id (E.identName name) (E.identType name) loc src_t = E.fromStruct <$> E.identType src e = E.Update (E.Var (E.qualName $ E.identName src) src_t loc) idxs ve loc internaliseExp desc $ E.LetPat pat e body (t, Info []) loc internaliseExp desc (E.Update src slice ve loc) = do ves <- internaliseExp "lw_val" ve srcs <- internaliseExpToVars "src" src dims <- case srcs of [] -> return [] -- Will this happen? v : _ -> I.arrayDims <$> lookupType v (idxs', cs) <- internaliseSlice loc dims slice let comb sname ve' = do sname_t <- lookupType sname let full_slice = fullSlice sname_t idxs' rowtype = sname_t `setArrayDims` sliceDims full_slice ve'' <- ensureShape "shape of value does not match shape of source array" loc rowtype "lw_val_correct_shape" ve' letInPlace desc sname full_slice $ BasicOp $ SubExp ve'' certifying cs $ map I.Var <$> zipWithM comb srcs ves internaliseExp desc (E.RecordUpdate src fields ve _ _) = do src' <- internaliseExp desc src ve' <- internaliseExp desc ve replace (E.typeOf src `setAliases` ()) fields ve' src' where replace (E.Scalar (E.Record m)) (f : fs) ve' src' | Just t <- M.lookup f m = do i <- fmap sum $ mapM (internalisedTypeSize . snd) $ takeWhile ((/= f) . fst) $ sortFields m k <- internalisedTypeSize t let (bef, to_update, aft) = splitAt3 i k src' src'' <- replace t fs ve' to_update return $ bef ++ src'' ++ aft replace _ _ ve' _ = return ve' internaliseExp desc (E.Attr attr e _) = local f $ internaliseExp desc e where attrs = oneAttr $ internaliseAttr attr f env | "unsafe" `inAttrs` attrs, not $ envSafe env = env {envDoBoundsChecks = False} | otherwise = env {envAttrs = envAttrs env <> attrs} internaliseExp desc (E.Assert e1 e2 (Info check) loc) = do e1' <- internaliseExp1 "assert_cond" e1 c <- assert "assert_c" e1' (errorMsg [ErrorString $ "Assertion is false: " <> check]) loc -- Make sure there are some bindings to certify. certifying c $ mapM rebind =<< internaliseExp desc e2 where rebind v = do v' <- newVName "assert_res" letBindNames [v'] $ I.BasicOp $ I.SubExp v return $ I.Var v' internaliseExp _ (E.Constr c es (Info (E.Scalar (E.Sum fs))) _) = do (ts, constr_map) <- internaliseSumType $ M.map (map E.toStruct) fs es' <- concat <$> mapM (internaliseExp "payload") es let noExt _ = return $ intConst Int32 0 ts' <- instantiateShapes noExt $ map fromDecl ts case M.lookup c constr_map of Just (i, js) -> (intConst Int8 (toInteger i) :) <$> clauses 0 ts' (zip js es') Nothing -> error "internaliseExp Constr: missing constructor" where clauses j (t : ts) js_to_es | Just e <- j `lookup` js_to_es = (e :) <$> clauses (j + 1) ts js_to_es | otherwise = do blank <- letSubExp "zero" =<< eBlank t (blank :) <$> clauses (j + 1) ts js_to_es clauses _ [] _ = return [] internaliseExp _ (E.Constr _ _ (Info t) loc) = error $ "internaliseExp: constructor with type " ++ pretty t ++ " at " ++ locStr loc internaliseExp desc (E.Match e cs (Info ret, Info retext) _) = do ses <- internaliseExp (desc ++ "_scrutinee") e res <- case NE.uncons cs of (CasePat pCase eCase _, Nothing) -> do (_, pertinent) <- generateCond pCase ses internalisePat' pCase pertinent eCase (internaliseExp desc) (c, Just cs') -> do let CasePat pLast eLast _ = NE.last cs' bFalse <- do (_, pertinent) <- generateCond pLast ses eLast' <- internalisePat' pLast pertinent eLast internaliseBody foldM (\bf c' -> eBody $ return $ generateCaseIf ses c' bf) eLast' $ reverse $ NE.init cs' letTupExp' desc =<< generateCaseIf ses c bFalse bindExtSizes (E.toStruct ret) retext res return res -- The "interesting" cases are over, now it's mostly boilerplate. internaliseExp _ (E.Literal v _) = return [I.Constant $ internalisePrimValue v] internaliseExp _ (E.IntLit v (Info t) _) = case t of E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.Signed it)) -> return [I.Constant $ I.IntValue $ intValue it v] E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.Unsigned it)) -> return [I.Constant $ I.IntValue $ intValue it v] E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.FloatType ft)) -> return [I.Constant $ I.FloatValue $ floatValue ft v] _ -> error $ "internaliseExp: nonsensical type for integer literal: " ++ pretty t internaliseExp _ (E.FloatLit v (Info t) _) = case t of E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.FloatType ft)) -> return [I.Constant $ I.FloatValue $ floatValue ft v] _ -> error $ "internaliseExp: nonsensical type for float literal: " ++ pretty t internaliseExp desc (E.If ce te fe (Info ret, Info retext) _) = do ses <- letTupExp' desc =<< eIf (BasicOp . SubExp <$> internaliseExp1 "cond" ce) (internaliseBody te) (internaliseBody fe) bindExtSizes (E.toStruct ret) retext ses return ses -- Builtin operators are handled specially because they are -- overloaded. internaliseExp desc (E.BinOp (op, _) _ (xe, _) (ye, _) _ _ loc) | Just internalise <- isOverloadedFunction op [xe, ye] loc = internalise desc -- User-defined operators are just the same as a function call. internaliseExp desc ( E.BinOp (op, oploc) (Info t) (xarg, Info (xt, xext)) (yarg, Info (yt, yext)) _ (Info retext) loc ) = internaliseExp desc $ E.Apply ( E.Apply (E.Var op (Info t) oploc) xarg (Info (E.diet xt, xext)) (Info $ foldFunType [E.fromStruct yt] t, Info []) loc ) yarg (Info (E.diet yt, yext)) (Info t, Info retext) loc internaliseExp desc (E.Project k e (Info rt) _) = do n <- internalisedTypeSize $ rt `setAliases` () i' <- fmap sum $ mapM internalisedTypeSize $ case E.typeOf e `setAliases` () of E.Scalar (Record fs) -> map snd $ takeWhile ((/= k) . fst) $ sortFields fs t -> [t] take n . drop i' <$> internaliseExp desc e internaliseExp _ e@E.Lambda {} = error $ "internaliseExp: Unexpected lambda at " ++ locStr (srclocOf e) internaliseExp _ e@E.OpSection {} = error $ "internaliseExp: Unexpected operator section at " ++ locStr (srclocOf e) internaliseExp _ e@E.OpSectionLeft {} = error $ "internaliseExp: Unexpected left operator section at " ++ locStr (srclocOf e) internaliseExp _ e@E.OpSectionRight {} = error $ "internaliseExp: Unexpected right operator section at " ++ locStr (srclocOf e) internaliseExp _ e@E.ProjectSection {} = error $ "internaliseExp: Unexpected projection section at " ++ locStr (srclocOf e) internaliseExp _ e@E.IndexSection {} = error $ "internaliseExp: Unexpected index section at " ++ locStr (srclocOf e) internaliseArg :: String -> (E.Exp, Maybe VName) -> InternaliseM [SubExp] internaliseArg desc (arg, argdim) = do arg' <- internaliseExp desc arg case (arg', argdim) of ([se], Just d) -> letBindNames [d] $ BasicOp $ SubExp se _ -> return () return arg' generateCond :: E.Pattern -> [I.SubExp] -> InternaliseM (I.SubExp, [I.SubExp]) generateCond orig_p orig_ses = do (cmps, pertinent, _) <- compares orig_p orig_ses cmp <- letSubExp "matches" =<< eAll cmps return (cmp, pertinent) where -- Literals are always primitive values. compares (E.PatternLit e _ _) (se : ses) = do e' <- internaliseExp1 "constant" e t' <- elemType <$> subExpType se cmp <- letSubExp "match_lit" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq t') e' se return ([cmp], [se], ses) compares (E.PatternConstr c (Info (E.Scalar (E.Sum fs))) pats _) (se : ses) = do (payload_ts, m) <- internaliseSumType $ M.map (map toStruct) fs case M.lookup c m of Just (i, payload_is) -> do let i' = intConst Int8 $ toInteger i let (payload_ses, ses') = splitAt (length payload_ts) ses cmp <- letSubExp "match_constr" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq int8) i' se (cmps, pertinent, _) <- comparesMany pats $ map (payload_ses !!) payload_is return (cmp : cmps, pertinent, ses') Nothing -> error "generateCond: missing constructor" compares (E.PatternConstr _ (Info t) _ _) _ = error $ "generateCond: PatternConstr has nonsensical type: " ++ pretty t compares (E.Id _ t loc) ses = compares (E.Wildcard t loc) ses compares (E.Wildcard (Info t) _) ses = do n <- internalisedTypeSize $ E.toStruct t let (id_ses, rest_ses) = splitAt n ses return ([], id_ses, rest_ses) compares (E.PatternParens pat _) ses = compares pat ses compares (E.TuplePattern pats _) ses = comparesMany pats ses compares (E.RecordPattern fs _) ses = comparesMany (map snd $ E.sortFields $ M.fromList fs) ses compares (E.PatternAscription pat _ _) ses = compares pat ses compares pat [] = error $ "generateCond: No values left for pattern " ++ pretty pat comparesMany [] ses = return ([], [], ses) comparesMany (pat : pats) ses = do (cmps1, pertinent1, ses') <- compares pat ses (cmps2, pertinent2, ses'') <- comparesMany pats ses' return ( cmps1 <> cmps2, pertinent1 <> pertinent2, ses'' ) generateCaseIf :: [I.SubExp] -> Case -> I.Body -> InternaliseM I.Exp generateCaseIf ses (CasePat p eCase _) bFail = do (cond, pertinent) <- generateCond p ses eCase' <- internalisePat' p pertinent eCase internaliseBody eIf (eSubExp cond) (return eCase') (return bFail) internalisePat :: String -> E.Pattern -> E.Exp -> E.Exp -> (E.Exp -> InternaliseM a) -> InternaliseM a internalisePat desc p e body m = do ses <- internaliseExp desc' e internalisePat' p ses body m where desc' = case S.toList $ E.patternIdents p of [v] -> baseString $ E.identName v _ -> desc internalisePat' :: E.Pattern -> [I.SubExp] -> E.Exp -> (E.Exp -> InternaliseM a) -> InternaliseM a internalisePat' p ses body m = do ses_ts <- mapM subExpType ses stmPattern p ses_ts $ \pat_names -> do forM_ (zip pat_names ses) $ \(v, se) -> letBindNames [v] $ I.BasicOp $ I.SubExp se m body internaliseSlice :: SrcLoc -> [SubExp] -> [E.DimIndex] -> InternaliseM ([I.DimIndex SubExp], Certificates) internaliseSlice loc dims idxs = do (idxs', oks, parts) <- unzip3 <$> zipWithM internaliseDimIndex dims idxs ok <- letSubExp "index_ok" =<< eAll oks let msg = errorMsg $ ["Index ["] ++ intercalate [", "] parts ++ ["] out of bounds for array of shape ["] ++ intersperse "][" (map ErrorInt32 $ take (length idxs) dims) ++ ["]."] c <- assert "index_certs" ok msg loc return (idxs', c) internaliseDimIndex :: SubExp -> E.DimIndex -> InternaliseM (I.DimIndex SubExp, SubExp, [ErrorMsgPart SubExp]) internaliseDimIndex w (E.DimFix i) = do (i', _) <- internaliseDimExp "i" i let lowerBound = I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpSle I.Int32) (I.constant (0 :: I.Int32)) i' upperBound = I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpSlt I.Int32) i' w ok <- letSubExp "bounds_check" =<< eBinOp I.LogAnd (pure lowerBound) (pure upperBound) return (I.DimFix i', ok, [ErrorInt32 i']) -- Special-case an important common case that otherwise leads to horrible code. internaliseDimIndex w ( E.DimSlice Nothing Nothing (Just (E.Negate (E.IntLit 1 _ _) _)) ) = do w_minus_1 <- letSubExp "w_minus_1" $ BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Sub Int32 I.OverflowWrap) w one return ( I.DimSlice w_minus_1 w $ intConst Int32 (-1), constant True, mempty ) where one = constant (1 :: Int32) internaliseDimIndex w (E.DimSlice i j s) = do s' <- maybe (return one) (fmap fst . internaliseDimExp "s") s s_sign <- letSubExp "s_sign" $ BasicOp $ I.UnOp (I.SSignum Int32) s' backwards <- letSubExp "backwards" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq int32) s_sign negone w_minus_1 <- letSubExp "w_minus_1" $ BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Sub Int32 I.OverflowWrap) w one let i_def = letSubExp "i_def" $ I.If backwards (resultBody [w_minus_1]) (resultBody [zero]) $ ifCommon [I.Prim int32] j_def = letSubExp "j_def" $ I.If backwards (resultBody [negone]) (resultBody [w]) $ ifCommon [I.Prim int32] i' <- maybe i_def (fmap fst . internaliseDimExp "i") i j' <- maybe j_def (fmap fst . internaliseDimExp "j") j j_m_i <- letSubExp "j_m_i" $ BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Sub Int32 I.OverflowWrap) j' i' -- Something like a division-rounding-up, but accomodating negative -- operands. let divRounding x y = eBinOp (SQuot Int32 Unsafe) ( eBinOp (Add Int32 I.OverflowWrap) x (eBinOp (Sub Int32 I.OverflowWrap) y (eSignum $ toExp s')) ) y n <- letSubExp "n" =<< divRounding (toExp j_m_i) (toExp s') -- Bounds checks depend on whether we are slicing forwards or -- backwards. If forwards, we must check '0 <= i && i <= j'. If -- backwards, '-1 <= j && j <= i'. In both cases, we check '0 <= -- i+n*s && i+(n-1)*s < w'. We only check if the slice is nonempty. empty_slice <- letSubExp "empty_slice" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (CmpEq int32) n zero m <- letSubExp "m" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Sub Int32 I.OverflowWrap) n one m_t_s <- letSubExp "m_t_s" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Mul Int32 I.OverflowWrap) m s' i_p_m_t_s <- letSubExp "i_p_m_t_s" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Add Int32 I.OverflowWrap) i' m_t_s zero_leq_i_p_m_t_s <- letSubExp "zero_leq_i_p_m_t_s" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpSle Int32) zero i_p_m_t_s i_p_m_t_s_leq_w <- letSubExp "i_p_m_t_s_leq_w" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpSle Int32) i_p_m_t_s w i_p_m_t_s_lth_w <- letSubExp "i_p_m_t_s_leq_w" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpSlt Int32) i_p_m_t_s w zero_lte_i <- letSubExp "zero_lte_i" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpSle Int32) zero i' i_lte_j <- letSubExp "i_lte_j" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpSle Int32) i' j' forwards_ok <- letSubExp "forwards_ok" =<< eAll [zero_lte_i, zero_lte_i, i_lte_j, zero_leq_i_p_m_t_s, i_p_m_t_s_lth_w] negone_lte_j <- letSubExp "negone_lte_j" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpSle Int32) negone j' j_lte_i <- letSubExp "j_lte_i" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpSle Int32) j' i' backwards_ok <- letSubExp "backwards_ok" =<< eAll [negone_lte_j, negone_lte_j, j_lte_i, zero_leq_i_p_m_t_s, i_p_m_t_s_leq_w] slice_ok <- letSubExp "slice_ok" $ I.If backwards (resultBody [backwards_ok]) (resultBody [forwards_ok]) $ ifCommon [I.Prim I.Bool] ok_or_empty <- letSubExp "ok_or_empty" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp I.LogOr empty_slice slice_ok let parts = case (i, j, s) of (_, _, Just {}) -> [ maybe "" (const $ ErrorInt32 i') i, ":", maybe "" (const $ ErrorInt32 j') j, ":", ErrorInt32 s' ] (_, Just {}, _) -> [ maybe "" (const $ ErrorInt32 i') i, ":", ErrorInt32 j' ] ++ maybe mempty (const [":", ErrorInt32 s']) s (_, Nothing, Nothing) -> [ErrorInt32 i', ":"] return (I.DimSlice i' n s', ok_or_empty, parts) where zero = constant (0 :: Int32) negone = constant (-1 :: Int32) one = constant (1 :: Int32) internaliseScanOrReduce :: String -> String -> (SubExp -> I.Lambda -> [SubExp] -> [VName] -> InternaliseM (SOAC SOACS)) -> (E.Exp, E.Exp, E.Exp, SrcLoc) -> InternaliseM [SubExp] internaliseScanOrReduce desc what f (lam, ne, arr, loc) = do arrs <- internaliseExpToVars (what ++ "_arr") arr nes <- internaliseExp (what ++ "_ne") ne nes' <- forM (zip nes arrs) $ \(ne', arr') -> do rowtype <- I.stripArray 1 <$> lookupType arr' ensureShape "Row shape of input array does not match shape of neutral element" loc rowtype (what ++ "_ne_right_shape") ne' nests <- mapM I.subExpType nes' arrts <- mapM lookupType arrs lam' <- internaliseFoldLambda internaliseLambda lam nests arrts w <- arraysSize 0 <$> mapM lookupType arrs letTupExp' desc . I.Op =<< f w lam' nes' arrs internaliseHist :: String -> E.Exp -> E.Exp -> E.Exp -> E.Exp -> E.Exp -> E.Exp -> SrcLoc -> InternaliseM [SubExp] internaliseHist desc rf hist op ne buckets img loc = do rf' <- internaliseExp1 "hist_rf" rf ne' <- internaliseExp "hist_ne" ne hist' <- internaliseExpToVars "hist_hist" hist buckets' <- letExp "hist_buckets" . BasicOp . SubExp =<< internaliseExp1 "hist_buckets" buckets img' <- internaliseExpToVars "hist_img" img -- reshape neutral element to have same size as the destination array ne_shp <- forM (zip ne' hist') $ \(n, h) -> do rowtype <- I.stripArray 1 <$> lookupType h ensureShape "Row shape of destination array does not match shape of neutral element" loc rowtype "hist_ne_right_shape" n ne_ts <- mapM I.subExpType ne_shp his_ts <- mapM lookupType hist' op' <- internaliseFoldLambda internaliseLambda op ne_ts his_ts -- reshape return type of bucket function to have same size as neutral element -- (modulo the index) bucket_param <- newParam "bucket_p" $ I.Prim int32 img_params <- mapM (newParam "img_p" . rowType) =<< mapM lookupType img' let params = bucket_param : img_params rettype = I.Prim int32 : ne_ts body = mkBody mempty $ map (I.Var . paramName) params body' <- localScope (scopeOfLParams params) $ ensureResultShape "Row shape of value array does not match row shape of hist target" (srclocOf img) rettype body -- get sizes of histogram and image arrays w_hist <- arraysSize 0 <$> mapM lookupType hist' w_img <- arraysSize 0 <$> mapM lookupType img' -- Generate an assertion and reshapes to ensure that buckets' and -- img' are the same size. b_shape <- I.arrayShape <$> lookupType buckets' let b_w = shapeSize 0 b_shape cmp <- letSubExp "bucket_cmp" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq I.int32) b_w w_img c <- assert "bucket_cert" cmp "length of index and value array does not match" loc buckets'' <- certifying c $ letExp (baseString buckets') $ I.BasicOp $ I.Reshape (reshapeOuter [DimCoercion w_img] 1 b_shape) buckets' letTupExp' desc $ I.Op $ I.Hist w_img [HistOp w_hist rf' hist' ne_shp op'] (I.Lambda params body' rettype) $ buckets'' : img' internaliseStreamMap :: String -> StreamOrd -> E.Exp -> E.Exp -> InternaliseM [SubExp] internaliseStreamMap desc o lam arr = do arrs <- internaliseExpToVars "stream_input" arr lam' <- internaliseStreamMapLambda internaliseLambda lam $ map I.Var arrs w <- arraysSize 0 <$> mapM lookupType arrs let form = I.Parallel o Commutative (I.Lambda [] (mkBody mempty []) []) [] letTupExp' desc $ I.Op $ I.Stream w form lam' arrs internaliseStreamRed :: String -> StreamOrd -> Commutativity -> E.Exp -> E.Exp -> E.Exp -> InternaliseM [SubExp] internaliseStreamRed desc o comm lam0 lam arr = do arrs <- internaliseExpToVars "stream_input" arr rowts <- mapM (fmap I.rowType . lookupType) arrs (lam_params, lam_body) <- internaliseStreamLambda internaliseLambda lam rowts let (chunk_param, _, lam_val_params) = partitionChunkedFoldParameters 0 lam_params -- Synthesize neutral elements by applying the fold function -- to an empty chunk. letBindNames [I.paramName chunk_param] $ I.BasicOp $ I.SubExp $ constant (0 :: Int32) forM_ lam_val_params $ \p -> letBindNames [I.paramName p] $ I.BasicOp $ I.Scratch (I.elemType $ I.paramType p) $ I.arrayDims $ I.paramType p nes <- bodyBind =<< renameBody lam_body nes_ts <- mapM I.subExpType nes outsz <- arraysSize 0 <$> mapM lookupType arrs let acc_arr_tps = [I.arrayOf t (I.Shape [outsz]) NoUniqueness | t <- nes_ts] lam0' <- internaliseFoldLambda internaliseLambda lam0 nes_ts acc_arr_tps let lam0_acc_params = take (length nes) $ I.lambdaParams lam0' lam_acc_params <- forM lam0_acc_params $ \p -> do name <- newVName $ baseString $ I.paramName p return p {I.paramName = name} -- Make sure the chunk size parameter comes first. let lam_params' = chunk_param : lam_acc_params ++ lam_val_params body_with_lam0 <- ensureResultShape "shape of result does not match shape of initial value" (srclocOf lam0) nes_ts <=< insertStmsM $ localScope (scopeOfLParams lam_params') $ do lam_res <- bodyBind lam_body lam_res' <- ensureArgShapes "shape of chunk function result does not match shape of initial value" (srclocOf lam) [] (map I.typeOf $ I.lambdaParams lam0') lam_res new_lam_res <- eLambda lam0' $ map eSubExp $ map (I.Var . paramName) lam_acc_params ++ lam_res' return $ resultBody new_lam_res let form = I.Parallel o comm lam0' nes lam' = I.Lambda { lambdaParams = lam_params', lambdaBody = body_with_lam0, lambdaReturnType = nes_ts } w <- arraysSize 0 <$> mapM lookupType arrs letTupExp' desc $ I.Op $ I.Stream w form lam' arrs internaliseExp1 :: String -> E.Exp -> InternaliseM I.SubExp internaliseExp1 desc e = do vs <- internaliseExp desc e case vs of [se] -> return se _ -> error "Internalise.internaliseExp1: was passed not just a single subexpression" -- | Promote to dimension type as appropriate for the original type. -- Also return original type. internaliseDimExp :: String -> E.Exp -> InternaliseM (I.SubExp, IntType) internaliseDimExp s e = do e' <- internaliseExp1 s e case E.typeOf e of E.Scalar (E.Prim (Signed it)) -> (,it) <$> asIntS Int32 e' _ -> error "internaliseDimExp: bad type" internaliseExpToVars :: String -> E.Exp -> InternaliseM [I.VName] internaliseExpToVars desc e = mapM asIdent =<< internaliseExp desc e where asIdent (I.Var v) = return v asIdent se = letExp desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.SubExp se internaliseOperation :: String -> E.Exp -> (I.VName -> InternaliseM I.BasicOp) -> InternaliseM [I.SubExp] internaliseOperation s e op = do vs <- internaliseExpToVars s e letSubExps s =<< mapM (fmap I.BasicOp . op) vs certifyingNonzero :: SrcLoc -> IntType -> SubExp -> InternaliseM a -> InternaliseM a certifyingNonzero loc t x m = do zero <- letSubExp "zero" $ I.BasicOp $ CmpOp (CmpEq (IntType t)) x (intConst t 0) nonzero <- letSubExp "nonzero" $ I.BasicOp $ UnOp Not zero c <- assert "nonzero_cert" nonzero "division by zero" loc certifying c m certifyingNonnegative :: SrcLoc -> IntType -> SubExp -> InternaliseM a -> InternaliseM a certifyingNonnegative loc t x m = do nonnegative <- letSubExp "nonnegative" $ I.BasicOp $ CmpOp (CmpSle t) (intConst t 0) x c <- assert "nonzero_cert" nonnegative "negative exponent" loc certifying c m internaliseBinOp :: SrcLoc -> String -> E.BinOp -> I.SubExp -> I.SubExp -> E.PrimType -> E.PrimType -> InternaliseM [I.SubExp] internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Plus x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Add t I.OverflowWrap) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Plus x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Add t I.OverflowWrap) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Plus x y (E.FloatType t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.FAdd t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Minus x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Sub t I.OverflowWrap) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Minus x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Sub t I.OverflowWrap) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Minus x y (E.FloatType t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.FSub t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Times x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Mul t I.OverflowWrap) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Times x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Mul t I.OverflowWrap) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Times x y (E.FloatType t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.FMul t) x y internaliseBinOp loc desc E.Divide x y (E.Signed t) _ = certifyingNonzero loc t y $ simpleBinOp desc (I.SDiv t I.Unsafe) x y internaliseBinOp loc desc E.Divide x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = certifyingNonzero loc t y $ simpleBinOp desc (I.UDiv t I.Unsafe) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Divide x y (E.FloatType t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.FDiv t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Pow x y (E.FloatType t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.FPow t) x y internaliseBinOp loc desc E.Pow x y (E.Signed t) _ = certifyingNonnegative loc t y $ simpleBinOp desc (I.Pow t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Pow x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Pow t) x y internaliseBinOp loc desc E.Mod x y (E.Signed t) _ = certifyingNonzero loc t y $ simpleBinOp desc (I.SMod t I.Unsafe) x y internaliseBinOp loc desc E.Mod x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = certifyingNonzero loc t y $ simpleBinOp desc (I.UMod t I.Unsafe) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Mod x y (E.FloatType t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.FMod t) x y internaliseBinOp loc desc E.Quot x y (E.Signed t) _ = certifyingNonzero loc t y $ simpleBinOp desc (I.SQuot t I.Unsafe) x y internaliseBinOp loc desc E.Quot x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = certifyingNonzero loc t y $ simpleBinOp desc (I.UDiv t I.Unsafe) x y internaliseBinOp loc desc E.Rem x y (E.Signed t) _ = certifyingNonzero loc t y $ simpleBinOp desc (I.SRem t I.Unsafe) x y internaliseBinOp loc desc E.Rem x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = certifyingNonzero loc t y $ simpleBinOp desc (I.UMod t I.Unsafe) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.ShiftR x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.AShr t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.ShiftR x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.LShr t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.ShiftL x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Shl t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.ShiftL x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Shl t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Band x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.And t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Band x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.And t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Xor x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Xor t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Xor x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Xor t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Bor x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Or t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Bor x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleBinOp desc (I.Or t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Equal x y t _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.CmpEq $ internalisePrimType t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.NotEqual x y t _ = do eq <- letSubExp (desc ++ "true") $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq $ internalisePrimType t) x y fmap pure $ letSubExp desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.UnOp I.Not eq internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Less x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.CmpSlt t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Less x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.CmpUlt t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Leq x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.CmpSle t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Leq x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.CmpUle t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Greater x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.CmpSlt t) y x -- Note the swapped x and y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Greater x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.CmpUlt t) y x -- Note the swapped x and y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Geq x y (E.Signed t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.CmpSle t) y x -- Note the swapped x and y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Geq x y (E.Unsigned t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.CmpUle t) y x -- Note the swapped x and y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Less x y (E.FloatType t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.FCmpLt t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Leq x y (E.FloatType t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.FCmpLe t) x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Greater x y (E.FloatType t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.FCmpLt t) y x -- Note the swapped x and y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Geq x y (E.FloatType t) _ = simpleCmpOp desc (I.FCmpLe t) y x -- Note the swapped x and y -- Relational operators for booleans. internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Less x y E.Bool _ = simpleCmpOp desc I.CmpLlt x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Leq x y E.Bool _ = simpleCmpOp desc I.CmpLle x y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Greater x y E.Bool _ = simpleCmpOp desc I.CmpLlt y x -- Note the swapped x and y internaliseBinOp _ desc E.Geq x y E.Bool _ = simpleCmpOp desc I.CmpLle y x -- Note the swapped x and y internaliseBinOp _ _ op _ _ t1 t2 = error $ "Invalid binary operator " ++ pretty op ++ " with operand types " ++ pretty t1 ++ ", " ++ pretty t2 simpleBinOp :: String -> I.BinOp -> I.SubExp -> I.SubExp -> InternaliseM [I.SubExp] simpleBinOp desc bop x y = letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp bop x y simpleCmpOp :: String -> I.CmpOp -> I.SubExp -> I.SubExp -> InternaliseM [I.SubExp] simpleCmpOp desc op x y = letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp op x y findFuncall :: E.Exp -> InternaliseM ( E.QualName VName, [(E.Exp, Maybe VName)], E.StructType, [VName] ) findFuncall (E.Var fname (Info t) _) = return (fname, [], E.toStruct t, []) findFuncall (E.Apply f arg (Info (_, argext)) (Info ret, Info retext) _) = do (fname, args, _, _) <- findFuncall f return (fname, args ++ [(arg, argext)], E.toStruct ret, retext) findFuncall e = error $ "Invalid function expression in application: " ++ pretty e internaliseLambda :: InternaliseLambda internaliseLambda (E.Parens e _) rowtypes = internaliseLambda e rowtypes internaliseLambda (E.Lambda params body _ (Info (_, rettype)) _) rowtypes = bindingLambdaParams params rowtypes $ \params' -> do body' <- internaliseBody body rettype' <- internaliseLambdaReturnType rettype return (params', body', rettype') internaliseLambda e _ = error $ "internaliseLambda: unexpected expression:\n" ++ pretty e -- | Some operators and functions are overloaded or otherwise special -- - we detect and treat them here. isOverloadedFunction :: E.QualName VName -> [E.Exp] -> SrcLoc -> Maybe (String -> InternaliseM [SubExp]) isOverloadedFunction qname args loc = do guard $ baseTag (qualLeaf qname) <= maxIntrinsicTag let handlers = [ handleSign, handleIntrinsicOps, handleOps, handleSOACs, handleRest ] msum [h args $ baseString $ qualLeaf qname | h <- handlers] where handleSign [x] "sign_i8" = Just $ toSigned I.Int8 x handleSign [x] "sign_i16" = Just $ toSigned I.Int16 x handleSign [x] "sign_i32" = Just $ toSigned I.Int32 x handleSign [x] "sign_i64" = Just $ toSigned I.Int64 x handleSign [x] "unsign_i8" = Just $ toUnsigned I.Int8 x handleSign [x] "unsign_i16" = Just $ toUnsigned I.Int16 x handleSign [x] "unsign_i32" = Just $ toUnsigned I.Int32 x handleSign [x] "unsign_i64" = Just $ toUnsigned I.Int64 x handleSign _ _ = Nothing handleIntrinsicOps [x] s | Just unop <- find ((== s) . pretty) allUnOps = Just $ \desc -> do x' <- internaliseExp1 "x" x fmap pure $ letSubExp desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.UnOp unop x' handleIntrinsicOps [TupLit [x, y] _] s | Just bop <- find ((== s) . pretty) allBinOps = Just $ \desc -> do x' <- internaliseExp1 "x" x y' <- internaliseExp1 "y" y fmap pure $ letSubExp desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp bop x' y' | Just cmp <- find ((== s) . pretty) allCmpOps = Just $ \desc -> do x' <- internaliseExp1 "x" x y' <- internaliseExp1 "y" y fmap pure $ letSubExp desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp cmp x' y' handleIntrinsicOps [x] s | Just conv <- find ((== s) . pretty) allConvOps = Just $ \desc -> do x' <- internaliseExp1 "x" x fmap pure $ letSubExp desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.ConvOp conv x' handleIntrinsicOps _ _ = Nothing -- Short-circuiting operators are magical. handleOps [x, y] "&&" = Just $ \desc -> internaliseExp desc $ E.If x y (E.Literal (E.BoolValue False) mempty) (Info $ E.Scalar $ E.Prim E.Bool, Info []) mempty handleOps [x, y] "||" = Just $ \desc -> internaliseExp desc $ E.If x (E.Literal (E.BoolValue True) mempty) y (Info $ E.Scalar $ E.Prim E.Bool, Info []) mempty -- Handle equality and inequality specially, to treat the case of -- arrays. handleOps [xe, ye] op | Just cmp_f <- isEqlOp op = Just $ \desc -> do xe' <- internaliseExp "x" xe ye' <- internaliseExp "y" ye rs <- zipWithM (doComparison desc) xe' ye' cmp_f desc =<< letSubExp "eq" =<< eAll rs where isEqlOp "!=" = Just $ \desc eq -> letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.UnOp I.Not eq isEqlOp "==" = Just $ \_ eq -> return [eq] isEqlOp _ = Nothing doComparison desc x y = do x_t <- I.subExpType x y_t <- I.subExpType y case x_t of I.Prim t -> letSubExp desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq t) x y _ -> do let x_dims = I.arrayDims x_t y_dims = I.arrayDims y_t dims_match <- forM (zip x_dims y_dims) $ \(x_dim, y_dim) -> letSubExp "dim_eq" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq int32) x_dim y_dim shapes_match <- letSubExp "shapes_match" =<< eAll dims_match compare_elems_body <- runBodyBinder $ do -- Flatten both x and y. x_num_elems <- letSubExp "x_num_elems" =<< foldBinOp (I.Mul Int32 I.OverflowUndef) (constant (1 :: Int32)) x_dims x' <- letExp "x" $ I.BasicOp $ I.SubExp x y' <- letExp "x" $ I.BasicOp $ I.SubExp y x_flat <- letExp "x_flat" $ I.BasicOp $ I.Reshape [I.DimNew x_num_elems] x' y_flat <- letExp "y_flat" $ I.BasicOp $ I.Reshape [I.DimNew x_num_elems] y' -- Compare the elements. cmp_lam <- cmpOpLambda $ I.CmpEq (elemType x_t) cmps <- letExp "cmps" $ I.Op $ I.Screma x_num_elems (I.mapSOAC cmp_lam) [x_flat, y_flat] -- Check that all were equal. and_lam <- binOpLambda I.LogAnd I.Bool reduce <- I.reduceSOAC [Reduce Commutative and_lam [constant True]] all_equal <- letSubExp "all_equal" $ I.Op $ I.Screma x_num_elems reduce [cmps] return $ resultBody [all_equal] letSubExp "arrays_equal" $ I.If shapes_match compare_elems_body (resultBody [constant False]) $ ifCommon [I.Prim I.Bool] handleOps [x, y] name | Just bop <- find ((name ==) . pretty) [minBound .. maxBound :: E.BinOp] = Just $ \desc -> do x' <- internaliseExp1 "x" x y' <- internaliseExp1 "y" y case (E.typeOf x, E.typeOf y) of (E.Scalar (E.Prim t1), E.Scalar (E.Prim t2)) -> internaliseBinOp loc desc bop x' y' t1 t2 _ -> error "Futhark.Internalise.internaliseExp: non-primitive type in BinOp." handleOps _ _ = Nothing handleSOACs [TupLit [lam, arr] _] "map" = Just $ \desc -> do arr' <- internaliseExpToVars "map_arr" arr lam' <- internaliseMapLambda internaliseLambda lam $ map I.Var arr' w <- arraysSize 0 <$> mapM lookupType arr' letTupExp' desc $ I.Op $ I.Screma w (I.mapSOAC lam') arr' handleSOACs [TupLit [k, lam, arr] _] "partition" = do k' <- fromIntegral <$> fromInt32 k Just $ \_desc -> do arrs <- internaliseExpToVars "partition_input" arr lam' <- internalisePartitionLambda internaliseLambda k' lam $ map I.Var arrs uncurry (++) <$> partitionWithSOACS k' lam' arrs where fromInt32 (Literal (SignedValue (Int32Value k')) _) = Just k' fromInt32 (IntLit k' (Info (E.Scalar (E.Prim (Signed Int32)))) _) = Just $ fromInteger k' fromInt32 _ = Nothing handleSOACs [TupLit [lam, ne, arr] _] "reduce" = Just $ \desc -> internaliseScanOrReduce desc "reduce" reduce (lam, ne, arr, loc) where reduce w red_lam nes arrs = I.Screma w <$> I.reduceSOAC [Reduce Noncommutative red_lam nes] <*> pure arrs handleSOACs [TupLit [lam, ne, arr] _] "reduce_comm" = Just $ \desc -> internaliseScanOrReduce desc "reduce" reduce (lam, ne, arr, loc) where reduce w red_lam nes arrs = I.Screma w <$> I.reduceSOAC [Reduce Commutative red_lam nes] <*> pure arrs handleSOACs [TupLit [lam, ne, arr] _] "scan" = Just $ \desc -> internaliseScanOrReduce desc "scan" reduce (lam, ne, arr, loc) where reduce w scan_lam nes arrs = I.Screma w <$> I.scanSOAC [Scan scan_lam nes] <*> pure arrs handleSOACs [TupLit [op, f, arr] _] "reduce_stream" = Just $ \desc -> internaliseStreamRed desc InOrder Noncommutative op f arr handleSOACs [TupLit [op, f, arr] _] "reduce_stream_per" = Just $ \desc -> internaliseStreamRed desc Disorder Commutative op f arr handleSOACs [TupLit [f, arr] _] "map_stream" = Just $ \desc -> internaliseStreamMap desc InOrder f arr handleSOACs [TupLit [f, arr] _] "map_stream_per" = Just $ \desc -> internaliseStreamMap desc Disorder f arr handleSOACs [TupLit [rf, dest, op, ne, buckets, img] _] "hist" = Just $ \desc -> internaliseHist desc rf dest op ne buckets img loc handleSOACs _ _ = Nothing handleRest [x] "!" = Just $ complementF x handleRest [x] "opaque" = Just $ \desc -> mapM (letSubExp desc . BasicOp . Opaque) =<< internaliseExp "opaque_arg" x handleRest [E.TupLit [a, si, v] _] "scatter" = Just $ scatterF a si v handleRest [E.TupLit [n, m, arr] _] "unflatten" = Just $ \desc -> do arrs <- internaliseExpToVars "unflatten_arr" arr n' <- internaliseExp1 "n" n m' <- internaliseExp1 "m" m -- The unflattened dimension needs to have the same number of elements -- as the original dimension. old_dim <- I.arraysSize 0 <$> mapM lookupType arrs dim_ok <- letSubExp "dim_ok" =<< eCmpOp (I.CmpEq I.int32) (eBinOp (I.Mul Int32 I.OverflowUndef) (eSubExp n') (eSubExp m')) (eSubExp old_dim) dim_ok_cert <- assert "dim_ok_cert" dim_ok "new shape has different number of elements than old shape" loc certifying dim_ok_cert $ forM arrs $ \arr' -> do arr_t <- lookupType arr' letSubExp desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.Reshape (reshapeOuter [DimNew n', DimNew m'] 1 $ I.arrayShape arr_t) arr' handleRest [arr] "flatten" = Just $ \desc -> do arrs <- internaliseExpToVars "flatten_arr" arr forM arrs $ \arr' -> do arr_t <- lookupType arr' let n = arraySize 0 arr_t m = arraySize 1 arr_t k <- letSubExp "flat_dim" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (Mul Int32 I.OverflowUndef) n m letSubExp desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.Reshape (reshapeOuter [DimNew k] 2 $ I.arrayShape arr_t) arr' handleRest [TupLit [x, y] _] "concat" = Just $ \desc -> do xs <- internaliseExpToVars "concat_x" x ys <- internaliseExpToVars "concat_y" y outer_size <- arraysSize 0 <$> mapM lookupType xs let sumdims xsize ysize = letSubExp "conc_tmp" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (I.Add I.Int32 I.OverflowUndef) xsize ysize ressize <- foldM sumdims outer_size =<< mapM (fmap (arraysSize 0) . mapM lookupType) [ys] let conc xarr yarr = I.BasicOp $ I.Concat 0 xarr [yarr] ressize letSubExps desc $ zipWith conc xs ys handleRest [TupLit [offset, e] _] "rotate" = Just $ \desc -> do offset' <- internaliseExp1 "rotation_offset" offset internaliseOperation desc e $ \v -> do r <- I.arrayRank <$> lookupType v let zero = intConst Int32 0 offsets = offset' : replicate (r -1) zero return $ I.Rotate offsets v handleRest [e] "transpose" = Just $ \desc -> internaliseOperation desc e $ \v -> do r <- I.arrayRank <$> lookupType v return $ I.Rearrange ([1, 0] ++ [2 .. r -1]) v handleRest [TupLit [x, y] _] "zip" = Just $ \desc -> (++) <$> internaliseExp (desc ++ "_zip_x") x <*> internaliseExp (desc ++ "_zip_y") y handleRest [x] "unzip" = Just $ flip internaliseExp x handleRest [x] "trace" = Just $ flip internaliseExp x handleRest [x] "break" = Just $ flip internaliseExp x handleRest _ _ = Nothing toSigned int_to e desc = do e' <- internaliseExp1 "trunc_arg" e case E.typeOf e of E.Scalar (E.Prim E.Bool) -> letTupExp' desc $ I.If e' (resultBody [intConst int_to 1]) (resultBody [intConst int_to 0]) $ ifCommon [I.Prim $ I.IntType int_to] E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.Signed int_from)) -> letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.ConvOp (I.SExt int_from int_to) e' E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.Unsigned int_from)) -> letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.ConvOp (I.ZExt int_from int_to) e' E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.FloatType float_from)) -> letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.ConvOp (I.FPToSI float_from int_to) e' _ -> error "Futhark.Internalise: non-numeric type in ToSigned" toUnsigned int_to e desc = do e' <- internaliseExp1 "trunc_arg" e case E.typeOf e of E.Scalar (E.Prim E.Bool) -> letTupExp' desc $ I.If e' (resultBody [intConst int_to 1]) (resultBody [intConst int_to 0]) $ ifCommon [I.Prim $ I.IntType int_to] E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.Signed int_from)) -> letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.ConvOp (I.ZExt int_from int_to) e' E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.Unsigned int_from)) -> letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.ConvOp (I.ZExt int_from int_to) e' E.Scalar (E.Prim (E.FloatType float_from)) -> letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.ConvOp (I.FPToUI float_from int_to) e' _ -> error "Futhark.Internalise.internaliseExp: non-numeric type in ToUnsigned" complementF e desc = do e' <- internaliseExp1 "complement_arg" e et <- subExpType e' case et of I.Prim (I.IntType t) -> letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.UnOp (I.Complement t) e' I.Prim I.Bool -> letTupExp' desc $ I.BasicOp $ I.UnOp I.Not e' _ -> error "Futhark.Internalise.internaliseExp: non-int/bool type in Complement" scatterF a si v desc = do si' <- letExp "write_si" . BasicOp . SubExp =<< internaliseExp1 "write_arg_i" si svs <- internaliseExpToVars "write_arg_v" v sas <- internaliseExpToVars "write_arg_a" a si_shape <- I.arrayShape <$> lookupType si' let si_w = shapeSize 0 si_shape sv_ts <- mapM lookupType svs svs' <- forM (zip svs sv_ts) $ \(sv, sv_t) -> do let sv_shape = I.arrayShape sv_t sv_w = arraySize 0 sv_t -- Generate an assertion and reshapes to ensure that sv and si' are the same -- size. cmp <- letSubExp "write_cmp" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (I.CmpEq I.int32) si_w sv_w c <- assert "write_cert" cmp "length of index and value array does not match" loc certifying c $ letExp (baseString sv ++ "_write_sv") $ I.BasicOp $ I.Reshape (reshapeOuter [DimCoercion si_w] 1 sv_shape) sv indexType <- rowType <$> lookupType si' indexName <- newVName "write_index" valueNames <- replicateM (length sv_ts) $ newVName "write_value" sa_ts <- mapM lookupType sas let bodyTypes = replicate (length sv_ts) indexType ++ map rowType sa_ts paramTypes = indexType : map rowType sv_ts bodyNames = indexName : valueNames bodyParams = zipWith I.Param bodyNames paramTypes -- This body is pretty boring right now, as every input is exactly the output. -- But it can get funky later on if fused with something else. body <- localScope (scopeOfLParams bodyParams) $ insertStmsM $ do let outs = replicate (length valueNames) indexName ++ valueNames results <- forM outs $ \name -> letSubExp "write_res" $ I.BasicOp $ I.SubExp $ I.Var name ensureResultShape "scatter value has wrong size" loc bodyTypes $ resultBody results let lam = I.Lambda { I.lambdaParams = bodyParams, I.lambdaReturnType = bodyTypes, I.lambdaBody = body } sivs = si' : svs' let sa_ws = map (arraySize 0) sa_ts letTupExp' desc $ I.Op $ I.Scatter si_w lam sivs $ zip3 sa_ws (repeat 1) sas funcall :: String -> QualName VName -> [SubExp] -> SrcLoc -> InternaliseM ([SubExp], [I.ExtType]) funcall desc (QualName _ fname) args loc = do (fname', closure, shapes, value_paramts, fun_params, rettype_fun) <- lookupFunction fname argts <- mapM subExpType args shapeargs <- argShapes shapes fun_params argts let diets = replicate (length closure + length shapeargs) I.ObservePrim ++ map I.diet value_paramts args' <- ensureArgShapes "function arguments of wrong shape" loc (map I.paramName fun_params) (map I.paramType fun_params) (map I.Var closure ++ shapeargs ++ args) argts' <- mapM subExpType args' case rettype_fun $ zip args' argts' of Nothing -> error $ "Cannot apply " ++ pretty fname ++ " to arguments\n " ++ pretty args' ++ "\nof types\n " ++ pretty argts' ++ "\nFunction has parameters\n " ++ pretty fun_params Just ts -> do safety <- askSafety attrs <- asks envAttrs ses <- attributing attrs $ letTupExp' desc $ I.Apply fname' (zip args' diets) ts (safety, loc, mempty) return (ses, map I.fromDecl ts) -- Bind existential names defined by an expression, based on the -- concrete values that expression evaluated to. This most -- importantly should be done after function calls, but also -- everything else that can produce existentials in the source -- language. bindExtSizes :: E.StructType -> [VName] -> [SubExp] -> InternaliseM () bindExtSizes ret retext ses = do ts <- internaliseType ret ses_ts <- mapM subExpType ses let combine t1 t2 = mconcat $ zipWith combine' (arrayExtDims t1) (arrayDims t2) combine' (I.Free (I.Var v)) se | v `elem` retext = M.singleton v se combine' _ _ = mempty forM_ (M.toList $ mconcat $ zipWith combine ts ses_ts) $ \(v, se) -> letBindNames [v] $ BasicOp $ SubExp se askSafety :: InternaliseM Safety askSafety = do check <- asks envDoBoundsChecks return $ if check then I.Safe else I.Unsafe -- Implement partitioning using maps, scans and writes. partitionWithSOACS :: Int -> I.Lambda -> [I.VName] -> InternaliseM ([I.SubExp], [I.SubExp]) partitionWithSOACS k lam arrs = do arr_ts <- mapM lookupType arrs let w = arraysSize 0 arr_ts classes_and_increments <- letTupExp "increments" $ I.Op $ I.Screma w (mapSOAC lam) arrs (classes, increments) <- case classes_and_increments of classes : increments -> return (classes, take k increments) _ -> error "partitionWithSOACS" add_lam_x_params <- replicateM k $ I.Param <$> newVName "x" <*> pure (I.Prim int32) add_lam_y_params <- replicateM k $ I.Param <$> newVName "y" <*> pure (I.Prim int32) add_lam_body <- runBodyBinder $ localScope (scopeOfLParams $ add_lam_x_params ++ add_lam_y_params) $ fmap resultBody $ forM (zip add_lam_x_params add_lam_y_params) $ \(x, y) -> letSubExp "z" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (I.Add Int32 I.OverflowUndef) (I.Var $ I.paramName x) (I.Var $ I.paramName y) let add_lam = I.Lambda { I.lambdaBody = add_lam_body, I.lambdaParams = add_lam_x_params ++ add_lam_y_params, I.lambdaReturnType = replicate k $ I.Prim int32 } nes = replicate (length increments) $ constant (0 :: Int32) scan <- I.scanSOAC [I.Scan add_lam nes] all_offsets <- letTupExp "offsets" $ I.Op $ I.Screma w scan increments -- We have the offsets for each of the partitions, but we also need -- the total sizes, which are the last elements in the offests. We -- just have to be careful in case the array is empty. last_index <- letSubExp "last_index" $ I.BasicOp $ I.BinOp (I.Sub Int32 OverflowUndef) w $ constant (1 :: Int32) nonempty_body <- runBodyBinder $ fmap resultBody $ forM all_offsets $ \offset_array -> letSubExp "last_offset" $ I.BasicOp $ I.Index offset_array [I.DimFix last_index] let empty_body = resultBody $ replicate k $ constant (0 :: Int32) is_empty <- letSubExp "is_empty" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (CmpEq int32) w $ constant (0 :: Int32) sizes <- letTupExp "partition_size" $ I.If is_empty empty_body nonempty_body $ ifCommon $ replicate k $ I.Prim int32 -- The total size of all partitions must necessarily be equal to the -- size of the input array. -- Create scratch arrays for the result. blanks <- forM arr_ts $ \arr_t -> letExp "partition_dest" $ I.BasicOp $ Scratch (elemType arr_t) (w : drop 1 (I.arrayDims arr_t)) -- Now write into the result. write_lam <- do c_param <- I.Param <$> newVName "c" <*> pure (I.Prim int32) offset_params <- replicateM k $ I.Param <$> newVName "offset" <*> pure (I.Prim int32) value_params <- forM arr_ts $ \arr_t -> I.Param <$> newVName "v" <*> pure (I.rowType arr_t) (offset, offset_stms) <- collectStms $ mkOffsetLambdaBody (map I.Var sizes) (I.Var $ I.paramName c_param) 0 offset_params return I.Lambda { I.lambdaParams = c_param : offset_params ++ value_params, I.lambdaReturnType = replicate (length arr_ts) (I.Prim int32) ++ map I.rowType arr_ts, I.lambdaBody = mkBody offset_stms $ replicate (length arr_ts) offset ++ map (I.Var . I.paramName) value_params } results <- letTupExp "partition_res" $ I.Op $ I.Scatter w write_lam (classes : all_offsets ++ arrs) $ zip3 (repeat w) (repeat 1) blanks sizes' <- letSubExp "partition_sizes" $ I.BasicOp $ I.ArrayLit (map I.Var sizes) $ I.Prim int32 return (map I.Var results, [sizes']) where mkOffsetLambdaBody :: [SubExp] -> SubExp -> Int -> [I.LParam] -> InternaliseM SubExp mkOffsetLambdaBody _ _ _ [] = return $ constant (-1 :: Int32) mkOffsetLambdaBody sizes c i (p : ps) = do is_this_one <- letSubExp "is_this_one" $ I.BasicOp $ I.CmpOp (CmpEq int32) c $ intConst Int32 $ toInteger i next_one <- mkOffsetLambdaBody sizes c (i + 1) ps this_one <- letSubExp "this_offset" =<< foldBinOp (Add Int32 OverflowUndef) (constant (-1 :: Int32)) (I.Var (I.paramName p) : take i sizes) letSubExp "total_res" $ I.If is_this_one (resultBody [this_one]) (resultBody [next_one]) $ ifCommon [I.Prim int32] typeExpForError :: E.TypeExp VName -> InternaliseM [ErrorMsgPart SubExp] typeExpForError (E.TEVar qn _) = return [ErrorString $ pretty qn] typeExpForError (E.TEUnique te _) = ("*" :) <$> typeExpForError te typeExpForError (E.TEArray te d _) = do d' <- dimExpForError d te' <- typeExpForError te return $ ["[", d', "]"] ++ te' typeExpForError (E.TETuple tes _) = do tes' <- mapM typeExpForError tes return $ ["("] ++ intercalate [", "] tes' ++ [")"] typeExpForError (E.TERecord fields _) = do fields' <- mapM onField fields return $ ["{"] ++ intercalate [", "] fields' ++ ["}"] where onField (k, te) = (ErrorString (pretty k ++ ": ") :) <$> typeExpForError te typeExpForError (E.TEArrow _ t1 t2 _) = do t1' <- typeExpForError t1 t2' <- typeExpForError t2 return $ t1' ++ [" -> "] ++ t2' typeExpForError (E.TEApply t arg _) = do t' <- typeExpForError t arg' <- case arg of TypeArgExpType argt -> typeExpForError argt TypeArgExpDim d _ -> pure <$> dimExpForError d return $ t' ++ [" "] ++ arg' typeExpForError (E.TESum cs _) = do cs' <- mapM (onClause . snd) cs return $ intercalate [" | "] cs' where onClause c = do c' <- mapM typeExpForError c return $ intercalate [" "] c' dimExpForError :: E.DimExp VName -> InternaliseM (ErrorMsgPart SubExp) dimExpForError (DimExpNamed d _) = do substs <- lookupSubst $ E.qualLeaf d d' <- case substs of Just [v] -> return v _ -> return $ I.Var $ E.qualLeaf d return $ ErrorInt32 d' dimExpForError (DimExpConst d _) = return $ ErrorString $ pretty d dimExpForError DimExpAny = return "" -- A smart constructor that compacts neighbouring literals for easier -- reading in the IR. errorMsg :: [ErrorMsgPart a] -> ErrorMsg a errorMsg = ErrorMsg . compact where compact [] = [] compact (ErrorString x : ErrorString y : parts) = compact (ErrorString (x ++ y) : parts) compact (x : y) = x : compact y
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【南昌青山湖二手徐州海伦哲工程车交易市场_全新徐州海伦哲工程车车源/价格】 - 南昌百姓网
百姓网南昌青山湖二手工程车网是南昌首选专业工程车交易市场，覆盖徐州海伦哲挖掘机、徐州海伦哲装载机、徐州海伦哲叉车等工程车型，提供最新最全的南昌二手徐州海伦哲工程车信息，所有二手徐州海伦哲工程车报价和图片信息都经过严格审查。
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青山湖铃木青山湖拼车顺风车
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A new book has been published on Hindi movie music, called "Gaata Rahe Mera Dil". It is written by Anirudha Bhattacharjee and Balaji Vittal, who had earlier written a book called "R D Burman- the man and the music". The book discusss 50 classic songs from the history of Hindi movies. The oldest song is from" Street Singer" ( 1937) sung by K L Saigal. The latest is "Ae ajnabi tu bhi kabhi" (Dil Se). The 300 page book published by Harper Collins discusses the history and other information behind the making of the songs. This book is getting good reviews. Unfortunately this book is not available in small towns (I am a small town person living in a small town). From the review of this book as well as from what I read in the earlier book on R D Burman, I find that the "Technical" details that the authors discuss about the songs is nothing but bullcrap. Here is what the authors say about the "Dosti" (1964) song- Mera toh jo bhi kadam hai. The composers use two Komal notes—Dha and Ni—in the mukhra where all the other five shudh notes give the song a major-scale colour. The antara, with the emphasis shifting to a Komal Re, creates the transitory feel of a change in scale. The use of Komal notes—the Ga and Ni—creates an aura of unconventiality and underlines the desolate cry of grief…” I feel that the above "technical" discussion makes no sense whatsoever. I request SL, our technical guru, to tell us what he thinks of the above comment on the song. S L, if you can get hold of this book, please give us your review of this book. Will do. FIrst I am unable to recollect this song. Have to hear it.The book I will have to order over amazon I guess given I am in a smaller town than what you are in.. I certainly will do the prelims as far as this song is concerned. The extract you have given itself is sort of iffy there.. My preliminary thoughts. First off, this song is in rag Yaman Kalayan. Mood for this raga is "serene" and "haunting" (depending on the rendition) but I would not necessarily call it grief.. a more appropriate word would be feeling lost, or feeling of longing but not grief. The "haunting" nature comes from the mM (yes mM and not M) rather than anything else which makes in yaman kalyan instead of pure yaman (which would have a "M" instead. ). Compare that to Koi jab tumhara hriday tod de, tadapta hua jab koi chod de.. (Kalyan) which is again 'haunting' not sad.. I think the author intended to use the term melancholous instead of "sad" as in tragic or rondu as we would say in hindi. (cos of my leg, I cannot really play my KB right now (position of the foot pedals pls the distance were the KB will have to be cos of my leg and my back posture etc, and so cannot really "judge" by ear alone the impact of the komal dha and ni as the author suggests.. so I will not say they are wrong but my priliminary thought suggest the mM being more uumphaatic than anything else.) m=Pure maM=Dirgh/tivra Ma (ma does not have a komal). (Note: Modern musicians consider Yaman, Kalyan (carnatic eq Kalyani) and Yaman-kalyan as one and the same but traditionalists consider them three distinct ragas). Also given it is Yaman-Kalyan (I am 100% certain) there is no room for any kind of komal dha or ni there!! where did the author hear that is a big question for me. The raga has all shuddha swars except for the tivra Ma! BTW kalyan can be romantic and very at that. Yaad rahega payaar ka ye, rangeen zamaana yaad rahega. While songs like Tasvir Banaata Hun, Tasvir Nahin Banati are in raag pahaadi) are extremely haunting.. so it is more of the lyrics plus progression rather than the scale that gives the "feel" even though the notes have about 50% contribution. In some cases, it can be complete opposite feel.. same raga..eg Nache Man Mora Magan Dhig Dha Dhigi Dhigi (Bhairavi) vs Mujhko is raat ki tanhahi mein aawaaz na do... or Tera jaana dil ke armanon ka (both bhairavi again). (I know raja pai would have my pants off if not for this disclaimer!! He knows his music stuff). Thanks for your prompt impromptu technical review. And what about the authors going technobabble viz. "... give the song a major-scale colour." There is not concept of major scale or its equivalent in Hindustani classical music. We have "raag" in Hindustani classical music instead. And also "....creates the transitory feel of a change in scale. " Do they mean anything whatsoever, or they are supposed to impress the ignorants. Honestly I have never come across such jargon ever. Trasitionary nature basically means nothing.. there is no such thing. You change scales as in a ragamalika but what exactly a transitionary nature of a scale is foreign to me. And another thing, the major and minor "nature" of a scale is determined by its aroha avaroha progression (pakad) and not by gamaks at all. I am not sure I understand that piece of gobledygook at all. And another point.. Major scale usually signifies (in western jargon), an upbeat song.. like lungi dance lungi dance.. the one that gets your blood pumping and a minor scale is more serene, romatic and all those soft feel (hotel california).. so how can a minor scale impart a Major scale color is beyond my technical know how. I editied a few posts above for accuracy (I type as thoughts come to me). Change of raga or mix of them is raga malika. But shift of scales does not change the raga or the feel.. for instance Jai ho.. in the ending crescendo, the scale shifts up by half a note but the ENTIRE progression shifts up. It only adds the "fervor" part or emphasis to the feel.. like say from fan to a die hard fan kinds... same is there in the MJ number man in the mirror in the ending stages. One can argue that it might shift moods.. like in case of "pyarr hamen kis mod pe le aaya ke dil kare hai, koi ye bataye kyaa hoga".. when it becomes a fast dance number in the end.. but notice it starts out as a COMICAL/frivolous/chewtiyaagiri song at the outset (only pretending to be a sad song).. and becomes ultra comic by the end (movie satte pe satta). The authors were expecting that people will not question all this technobabble rather get "impressed" by it. I suspect that they have come up with similar "technical" analysis in case of all the 50 songs that they have discussed in the book. That should make it a very interesting read, though not in a manner that the authors intended. peaceful wrote:Can you teach me how to download only one song from you tube? Because when I post certain song, others already open on right hand side.I want to learn more.I heard you are my technical gurus. Yes SC, it would be fun to see their treatment of rather esoteric ragas like bilaval, asavari etc.. those are dyamic and the most dynamic (Strictly in my opinion) is malkauns. I think they will use rather quixotic phrases.. like blanket ones to suggest something very exotic but then would not really be saying anything... I love such highly educational pieces A review of this book was posted in a blog by someone who is my facebook friend as well as the facebook friend of the author of this book. I have questioned the "technical" analysis of this song as mentioned in the review. The author refused to accept that the song is in Yaman Kalyan. Please have a look at the vehement denial by the author in his comments in this post: Well then what raga is it based on? I am willing to be proven wrong but with my limited and rusty knowledge, I am almost willing to bet a bit that it is YAMAN KALYAN. what else is that? I cannot think of any other raga that it may belong to. Also the argument "Tonic does not change" hmm.. what does he mean by that? Modulation or something else See, ragas are based on notes and both komal and shuddh and teevra are notes by their own right. Changing from the shudh to komal or dirga, usually will NOT change the tonic (And note tonic can be loosely termed as vadi in hindustani).. modulation is a tonic shift and that also is not quite the same as a raga jump... instances of that happen all the time with NO shift in raga at all (abrupt in kind) (Mozarts K160). But lets not get into all that. I think the authors want a reasonable book to sell.. Let them. Why pee in their party man. People will read it with passing facination, remember some old songs, feel educated and they get some money..all is well.. no harm done. Intrsting. I will have to play it to confirm then. Patdeep ka ek gaana hai megha chaye aadhi raat baran ban gayi niniyaa.. trying to hum those together does not give me the feel.. I will have to play it on the kb to be sure. I am still going to stick to yaman kalyan for the interim (apne aap ko wrong bolne me sharm aata hai naa khud ko..). Madhuvanti mein even if not a good example I can think of only one song and that is way obscure one.. Rasm-e-Ulfat Ko Nibhaen To Nibhaen Kaise from movie Dil Ki Rahen and hindustani/carnatic music is an ocean.. I got trained for a few years and that in a mixed martial arts style.. a little boxing and karate and taikwando thrown in.. i.e hindustani, carnatic and western theory.. so it is impossible that I will be an "expert" to know all the ragas out there and recognize them(jack of all perhaps but master not at all ). There are tons of ragas that I might not even heard or or styles there of.. It is highly possible that I am wrong here but my gut feel stll leans towards yaman-kalyan or its variant. But I will not say now that it is a 100% sure case as I did earlier. Ab your other friend has firmly planted that doubt in my bird brain. Yaar re to hai aaroha mein.. which both patdeep and madhuvanti do not have as far as I can recall! Jara confirm karoge from your friend? But hindi movies do not conform to the rules of classical music strictly. So vo bhi ek locha hai.
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Predictors of neurobehavioral symptoms in a university population: a multivariate approach using a postconcussive symptom questionnaire. Several factors have been linked to severity of postconcussive-type (neurobehavioral) symptoms. In this study, predictors of neurobehavioral symptoms were examined using multivariate methods to determine the relative importance of each. Data regarding demographics, symptoms, current alcohol use, history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), orthopedic injuries, and psychiatric/developmental diagnoses were collected via questionnaire from 3027 university students. The most prominent predictors of symptoms were gender, history of depression or anxiety, history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or learning disability diagnosis, and frequency of alcohol use. Prior mild TBI was significantly related to overall symptoms, but this effect was small in comparison to other predictors. These results provide further evidence that neurobehavioral symptoms are multi-determined phenomena, and highlight the importance of psychiatric comorbidity, demographic factors, and health behaviors to neurobehavioral symptom presentation after mild TBI.
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足球预测网_足球预测网 -“官方网站”
来源：足球预测网 作者：幸福、只是一种奢侈品ゝ 发表时间：2019年04月25日 01:50
足球预测网李伯虎认为，传统制造业的改造升级，首先应摸清自身问题，清楚从哪入手开展转型升级，“浙江的企业针都对自己的问题进行了规划并初显成效，其中有很多示范经验值得总结借鉴，可在全国进行推广”。李伯虎表示，从广义来说，中国企业的转型升级分五种类型，从跟踪为主转到创新为主，从传统往数字化网络化智能化转型，从粗放型走向质量效益型，从能耗大、污染大往绿色节能走，从生产型转到生产+服务型。作为各个企业，到底属于哪种类型，要细化，不可无的放矢。 气温骤降如坐“过山车”
二是要加快完善“产学研用金、才政介美云”十联动创新创业生态系统，结合全面创新改革试验工作，认真总结地方推动“十联动”的经验做法，并加以宣传推广。 习近平会见多国海军代表团团长!
足球预测网自2016年底，浙江省政府作出建设杭州城西科创大走廊决定伊始，这条长约33公里，平均宽约6.8公里，规划总面积约224平方公里的创新生态廊道，就被人寄予了“中国硅谷”的厚望。
足球预测网浙江在线5月28日讯（浙江在线记者张吉通讯员周红阳陈炯炯）5月27日下午，在第二十届中国科协年会闭幕式上，中国科协副主席、国际宇航科学院院士李洪正式为杭州国家海外人才离岸创新创业基地、宁波国家海外人才离岸创新创业基地授牌。
“钱塘之星”大赛是由杭州钱塘智慧城管委会主办，旨在通过大赛这个平台，进一步发挥江干作为创新新天堂和杭州市人才管理改革试验区的先发优势，在全球范围征集优质创业创新项目，搭建创新企业与国内外顶级的投资机构、本土优质企业沟通交流的平台，最终选拔和招引一批优质的创业创新项目落户江干，形成全国创业创新品牌。斯里兰卡紧急状态通过对近几年国内各地政府和企业“走出去”的观察与分析，杭州经济技术开发区资产经营集团董事长兼总经理、美国硅谷杭州中心筹建负责人姚晨蓬分析了全球前沿科技参与和“走出去”模式创新，并讲解了杭州在“走出去”的模式创新。姚晨蓬总结认为，通过“平台+投资+服务”的方式，可建立覆盖全球的创新服务体系，实现浙江企业“走出去”的4.0模式。
足球预测网 Copyright @ 1997-2017 by www.beikemian.com all rights reserved
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The Difficult Crossing The Difficult Crossing (La traversée difficile) is the name given to two oil-on-canvas paintings by the Belgian surrealist René Magritte. The original version was completed in 1926 during Magritte's early prolific years of surrealism and is currently held in a private collection. A later version was completed in 1963 and is also held in a private collection. The 1926 version The 1926 version contains a number of curious elements, some of which are common to many of Magritte's works. The bilboquet or baluster (the object which looks like the bishop from a chess set) first appears in the painting The Lost Jockey (1926). In this and some other works—for example The Secret Player (1927) and The Art of Conversation (1961)—the bilboquet seems to play an inanimate role analogous to a tree or plant. In other instances, such as here with The Difficult Crossing, the bilboquet is given the anthropomorphic feature of a single eye. Another common feature of Magritte's works seen here is the ambiguity between windows and paintings. The back of the room shows a boat in a thunderstorm, but the viewer is left to wonder if the depiction is a painting or the view out a window. Magritte elevated the idea to another level in his series of works based on The Human Condition where "outdoor" paintings and windows both appear and even overlap. Near the bilboquet stands a table. On the top, a disembodied hand is holding a red bird, as if clutching it. The front right leg of the table resembles a human leg. The 1963 version In the 1963 version, a number of elements have changed or disappeared. Instead of taking place in a room, the action has moved outside. There is no table or hand clutching a bird and the scene of the rough sea in the ambiguous window/painting at the rear becomes the entire new background. Near the front a low brick wall is seen with a bilboquet behind and a suited figure with an eyeball for a head in front. There is ambiguity as to whether the suited figure is a man or another bilboquet. Some bilboquet figures, for example those in The Encounter (1929), have similar eyeball heads, however the suit covers the body and no clear identification can be made. If the suited figure is a man, it could be a self-portrait, which means that the eyeball is covering his face. Covering Magritte's face with an object was another common theme for himself, Son of Man being a good example. Relation to other paintings Both versions of The Difficult Crossing show a strong similarity to Magritte's painting The Birth of the Idol, also from 1926. The scene is outside and depicts a rough sea in the background (this time without ship). Objects which appear include a bilboquet (the non-anthropomorphic variety), a mannequin arm (similar to the hand which clutches the bird) and a wooden board with window-like holes cut out which is nearly identical to those flanking both sides of the room in earlier version. All three paintings may have been inspired by Giorgio de Chirico's Metaphysical Interior (1916) which features a room with a number of strange objects and an ambiguous window/painting showing a boat. Magritte was certainly aware of De Chirico's work and was emotionally moved by his first viewing of a reproduction of Song of Love (1913–14). References Category:Paintings by René Magritte Category:Surrealist paintings Category:1926 paintings Category:1963 paintings Category:Maritime paintings
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出发 & 小羊和森林里的伙伴们 - maplesheep # 天空部落 TIAN #
15, Sep 2006 18:17
之后陆陆续续有很多伙伴都到 Terry 家来集合
这个家大概很少有这么热闹，虽然平常来往的客人也不少
可能初次见面大家都不熟，即使都聚在客厅也没有聊得很热络
Terry 说凌晨三点要出发，就算睡不著也是要休息一下
但是我们真的很兴奋，反正也睡不著，干脆看球赛 (加拿大人也有一起看喔)
当时世足正踢得如火如荼，台湾人每天爆肝看球赛
那天出场的队伍我只记得英格兰，对手是谁已经不记得了
毕竟只是为了打发时间而看的，可以的话我真想赶快飞出去!!
球赛结束已经凌晨一点多了，客厅也熄灯让大家休息片刻
虽然强迫自己闭上眼睛，可是怎样都睡不著，不时睁开眼睛看手表数时间
Terry 家的加拿大人今天也要回家，不过他比我们先出门，
可是我很好奇他的行李怎么只有一个背包，未免也太少了!
终于快到三点，大家整理好就拉著行李到外头等车
一群人三更半夜拖著行李在外头看起来真可疑 (笑)，因为外面真的很安静。
游览车载著我们往桃园中正国际机场出发，我的心情也越来越兴奋
完全睡不著，在天空微亮的清晨五点时分抵达机场
那时候大部分的柜台都没还开始办理手续，机场原来也有这么冷清的时候
在完成 check-in 的手续之后，Terry 教我们怎么看 monitor 找登机门
出关之后，就是我们的自由时间，只要在登机时间前到登机门集合就可
打发时间的方式不外乎逛免税商店、拍照、上厕所等
因为很期待机上的早餐，就算现在很饿也不想花钱买东西吃
我们要搭乘新加坡航空，新航在我的印象中是家很棒的航空公司
好的飞行经验也能为旅行加分，而新航也确实没有让我失望，我觉得很高兴。
“欢迎您搭乘新加坡航空公司的班机，本班机预计在7点10分起飞往新加坡...”
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God’s 4 Signs to Moses: The Staff That Turned into a Serpent The LORD said to him, “What is that in your hand?” And he said, “A staff.” Then He said, “Throw it on the ground.” So he threw it on the ground, and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from it. But the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand and grasp it by its tail”—so he stretched out his hand and caught it, and it became a staff in his hand… – Exodus 4:2-4 Oh Father, our heavenly Father, wash us in the blood of Your Son again today. Let us come to you with a clean conscious. Wash us in the Water of your Word. Open the eyes of our hearts to see Christ, receive Christ, and enjoy Christ. In Jesus’ Name, which is above all names, Amen! In Egypt, Moses had the highest education and was skilled in speech (Acts 7:22). When the Lord came to give Moses the revelation that He would free the Israelites, Moses tried to achieve the Lord’s will in his own strength and ended up killing an Egyptian. Trying in his own strength, just led to death. The Lord took Moses through 40 years of death in the wilderness. Moses was a broken man when the Lord appeared to him again. Moses could no longer speak well (Exodus 4:10) and he needed a staff for walking. We all have many staffs that we rely on. Every earthly thing that you rely on for your daily living is a staff. Your career is a staff. Your education is a staff. Your news is a staff. Your hobby is a staff. Your caffeine is a staff. Your sweets are a staff. Your family is a staff. Your car is a staff. Your intellect is a staff. Your emotions are a staff. Your television is a staff. Your video games are a staff. Your internet is a staff. There is no Life in these staffs. These staffs are dead wood. When Moses threw his staff down it became a serpent. Not only is your staff dead, but it is also a serpent. Whatever you rely on, other than the Lord, becomes a serpent. Your staffs must be thrown down and put to death. Only then, by the Lord’s command, can you grasp the serpent by the tail, and lift the staff up in resurrection. Don’t abandon your family. Don’t set up a law in your heart on what you may eat or drink. But turn to the Lord, beholding Him and giving Him your ear. Give everything that you rely on to Him and let Him give you back what you need in resurrection. In resurrection, you are no longer reliant upon the staff, you are reliant on God alone. Father, we cast our staffs down before you. Open our eyes to see the things that your enemy uses to usurp your rightful throne in our hearts. You provide everything we need as we seek Your Kingdom and Your Righteousness first. Let us grasp the enemy by the tail in Your Resurrection Life, that we may be overcomers in Your Victory. In Jesus’ Name, Amen. 1 If I’d know Christ’s risen power. I must ever love the Cross; Life from death alone arises; There’s no gain except by loss. Chorus If no death, no life, If no death, no life; Life from death alone arises; If no death, no life. 2 If I’d have Christ formed within me, I must breathe my final breath, Live within the Cross’s shadow, Put my soul-life e’er to death. 3 If God thru th’ Eternal Spirit Nail me ever with the Lord; Only then as death is working Will His life thru me be poured.
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台湾拟将有条件开放代孕 应为互助无偿方式 - 道观村新闻网 - zyygy.cn
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在另一方面，一名美国高级官员周五向路透社透露说，美国也还没有向中国提供一份清单，向中国说明必须采取哪些行动才得以修复两国贸易关系。韦恩·汉弗莱斯在艾奥瓦州种植玉米和大豆及饲养猪牛。
但愿(美中)还有时间坐下来，让各自政府解决问题。当时，韩国各家电视台均在第一时间抢发了快讯。
【环球时报综合报道】美国越战之后规模最大的示威游行24日在全国近400个城市爆发，仅首都华盛顿一地据称就有50万人参加，全球共计约80万参加。两国都有巨额账户赤字，但是中国是美国最大的债权国。
控枪法案一再难产，使得美国民众对于政客的信任度也直线下降。立宪民主党干事长福山哲郎从前去见笼池的该党常任干事会议长川内博史处收到报告后，在记者会上透露了此事。
自1842年鸦片战争爆发以来，仅仅在一个半世纪的时间里，中国失去了它的全球领导地位。虽然很多美国优先政策的支持者认为，美国不应对外承担过多的责任，希望美国我行我素，但这与囚徒困境中单方面采取有利于自己的行动一样，最终损伤的是整体利益。
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from ... import OratorTestCase from orator import Model as BaseModel from orator.orm import ( morph_to, has_one, has_many, belongs_to_many, morph_many, belongs_to, ) from orator.orm.model import ModelRegister from orator.connections import SQLiteConnection from orator.connectors.sqlite_connector import SQLiteConnector class DecoratorsTestCase(OratorTestCase): @classmethod def setUpClass(cls): Model.set_connection_resolver(DatabaseIntegrationConnectionResolver()) @classmethod def tearDownClass(cls): Model.unset_connection_resolver() def setUp(self): with self.schema().create("test_users") as table: table.increments("id") table.string("email").unique() table.timestamps() with self.schema().create("test_friends") as table: table.increments("id") table.integer("user_id") table.integer("friend_id") with self.schema().create("test_posts") as table: table.increments("id") table.integer("user_id") table.string("name") table.timestamps() table.soft_deletes() with self.schema().create("test_photos") as table: table.increments("id") table.morphs("imageable") table.string("name") table.timestamps() def tearDown(self): self.schema().drop("test_users") self.schema().drop("test_friends") self.schema().drop("test_posts") self.schema().drop("test_photos") def test_extra_queries_are_properly_set_on_relations(self): self.create() # With eager loading user = OratorTestUser.with_("friends", "posts", "post", "photos").find(1) post = OratorTestPost.with_("user", "photos").find(1) self.assertEqual(1, len(user.friends)) self.assertEqual(2, len(user.posts)) self.assertIsInstance(user.post, OratorTestPost) self.assertEqual(3, len(user.photos)) self.assertIsInstance(post.user, OratorTestUser) self.assertEqual(2, len(post.photos)) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_users" INNER JOIN "test_friends" ON "test_users"."id" = "test_friends"."friend_id" ' 'WHERE "test_friends"."user_id" = ? ORDER BY "friend_id" ASC', user.friends().to_sql(), ) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_posts" WHERE "deleted_at" IS NULL AND "test_posts"."user_id" = ?', user.posts().to_sql(), ) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_posts" WHERE "test_posts"."user_id" = ? ORDER BY "name" DESC', user.post().to_sql(), ) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_photos" WHERE "name" IS NOT NULL AND "test_photos"."imageable_id" = ? AND "test_photos"."imageable_type" = ?', user.photos().to_sql(), ) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_users" WHERE "test_users"."id" = ? ORDER BY "id" ASC', post.user().to_sql(), ) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_photos" WHERE "test_photos"."imageable_id" = ? AND "test_photos"."imageable_type" = ?', post.photos().to_sql(), ) # Without eager loading user = OratorTestUser.find(1) post = OratorTestPost.find(1) self.assertEqual(1, len(user.friends)) self.assertEqual(2, len(user.posts)) self.assertIsInstance(user.post, OratorTestPost) self.assertEqual(3, len(user.photos)) self.assertIsInstance(post.user, OratorTestUser) self.assertEqual(2, len(post.photos)) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_users" INNER JOIN "test_friends" ON "test_users"."id" = "test_friends"."friend_id" ' 'WHERE "test_friends"."user_id" = ? ORDER BY "friend_id" ASC', user.friends().to_sql(), ) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_posts" WHERE "deleted_at" IS NULL AND "test_posts"."user_id" = ?', user.posts().to_sql(), ) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_posts" WHERE "test_posts"."user_id" = ? ORDER BY "name" DESC', user.post().to_sql(), ) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_photos" WHERE "name" IS NOT NULL AND "test_photos"."imageable_id" = ? AND "test_photos"."imageable_type" = ?', user.photos().to_sql(), ) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_users" WHERE "test_users"."id" = ? ORDER BY "id" ASC', post.user().to_sql(), ) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT * FROM "test_photos" WHERE "test_photos"."imageable_id" = ? AND "test_photos"."imageable_type" = ?', post.photos().to_sql(), ) self.assertEqual( 'SELECT DISTINCT * FROM "test_posts" WHERE "deleted_at" IS NULL AND "test_posts"."user_id" = ? ORDER BY "user_id" ASC', user.posts().order_by("user_id").distinct().to_sql(), ) def create(self): user = OratorTestUser.create(id=1, email="john@doe.com") friend = OratorTestUser.create(id=2, email="jane@doe.com") user.friends().attach(friend) post1 = user.posts().create(name="First Post") post2 = user.posts().create(name="Second Post") user.photos().create(name="Avatar 1") user.photos().create(name="Avatar 2") user.photos().create(name="Avatar 3") post1.photos().create(name="Hero 1") post1.photos().create(name="Hero 2") def connection(self): return Model.get_connection_resolver().connection() def schema(self): return self.connection().get_schema_builder() class Model(BaseModel): _register = ModelRegister() class OratorTestUser(Model): __table__ = "test_users" __guarded__ = [] @belongs_to_many("test_friends", "user_id", "friend_id", with_pivot=["id"]) def friends(self): return OratorTestUser.order_by("friend_id") @has_many("user_id") def posts(self): return OratorTestPost.where_null("deleted_at") @has_one("user_id") def post(self): return OratorTestPost.order_by("name", "desc") @morph_many("imageable") def photos(self): return OratorTestPhoto.where_not_null("name") class OratorTestPost(Model): __table__ = "test_posts" __guarded__ = [] @belongs_to("user_id") def user(self): return OratorTestUser.order_by("id") @morph_many("imageable") def photos(self): return "test_photos" class OratorTestPhoto(Model): __table__ = "test_photos" __guarded__ = [] @morph_to def imageable(self): return class DatabaseIntegrationConnectionResolver(object): _connection = None def connection(self, name=None): if self._connection: return self._connection self._connection = SQLiteConnection( SQLiteConnector().connect({"database": ":memory:"}) ) return self._connection def get_default_connection(self): return "default" def set_default_connection(self, name): pass
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祝原木生日快乐 | 韩德尔の原木
发表于 2010 年 10 月 29 日，本文已阅读 508 次，共有 0 评论。
标签：App, 原木, 爱, 爱情, 活动, 生活
冷锋过境，今年的冬季听说又会特别冷，回头看今年也办了不少活动耶，辛苦你啦～宝贝。
我曾问过你办活动挺累的，你不会担心吗？你说喜欢同学们作伙开心出游的热闹气氛，当下还被你的热情打动了呢，虽然我时常酸你临时动议多到不可数，但你还不都做到啦，甚至不辞辛劳的联络事务，你很铁齿也很坚持，看到你的优点也包容你的缺点，之后我会常常逗你开心～啦，今天是你的生日，都～听～你～的 ^^。
你之前写过一篇有关父亲留下来的礼物（爱），这篇文章一直让我印象深刻，时时提醒我说，这以后～还有很多以后要过，你的手我会一直牵下去，紧紧握紧，牵你的手，浪漫的抱著你走过每分每秒每个角落，未来的日子，我只想在有你的每一天都很开心。
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Saturday, May 30, 2009 On solid grounds: Campground owners hope that spending on improvements pays off with more visitors in slumping economy From the Wisconsin State Journal By Marv Balousek While some businesses may be making cutbacks because of the recession, Wisconsin's private campground owners have been spending money to make their properties more attractive to prospective customers this year. They've invested hundreds of thousands of dollars to improve their facilities even without the benefit of federal stimulus dollars. The owners expect to cash in as families scale back their Disney World plans this summer in favor of less-expensive weekend camping trips. Reservations are up this year for the 16-week season that began on Memorial Day weekend, according to two Wisconsin campground owners. "Camping, even in stressful times, can be the outdoor activity of choice,"said Bud Styer, who operates five Wisconsin campgrounds. "People with families especially are still going to recreate and they're going to do something with their kids." Styer said he is spending $565,000 this year at his five campgrounds and expects to recoup that investment in three to five years through camping fees. He's spent money on things such as a Jumping Pillow for Baraboo Hills Campground north of Baraboo, blacktop for a circle around the pond at Merry Mac's Campground near Merrimac and a remodeled camp store at River Bend Campground, which he manages but doesn't own, west of Watertown. River Bend, which features a 300-foot water slide, was closed last summer because of extensive flooding when the Crawfish River overflowed its banks. It didn't reopen until August. Styer said the campground had to be cleaned before improvements were made. He also has upgraded Smokey Hollow Campground near Lodi and Tilleda Falls Campground west of Shawano. Water-related features such as Water Wars -- a competition with water balloons -- or floating water slides and climbing walls are popular improvements at many parks. "Years ago, we camped in a Coleman tent with a kerosene lantern," Styer said. "Nowadays, everybody's got to have electric, water, box fans and rope lights." Styer said he's a great believer in "stuff" and that the more stuff you have, the more you can charge for campsites. A private Wisconsin campground with amenities can charge $39 to $50 a night, he said, compared to $25 to $35 a night for a standard campground. "If you want to expand your business and generate additional revenues, then you have to have a better facility,"he said. "It has to have the bells and whistles. People are going to camp closer to home and look for the best value." Upgrading campground facilities this year is a national trend, said Linda Pfofaizer, president of the National Association of RV Parks and Campgrounds in Larkspur, Colo. The association represents 8,000 private campground owners. Although the investments could benefit them this summer, she said, most campground owners also are looking beyond the recession, "The recession is temporary," she said. "Most campground and RV park operators believe that it behooves them to move forward with their improvement plans to remain competitive with other travel and tourism options." "We try to keep adding what the customers are asking for," he said. "A few years ago, during a downturn, there were many people who didn't travel West or take a large vacation, and we're seeing that again." At Fox Hill RV Park south of Wisconsin Dells near Ho Chunk Casino, roads have been repaved with recycled asphalt, the pool was retiled, the bath house was remodeled and a disc golf course was added, said owner Jim Tracy. He said the overall construction slowdown helped him negotiate a good deal on the bath house remodeling. "I'm still pretty bullish on the summer," Tracy said. "I want to give (campers) reasons to come back and talk me up to their friends and families." Bud Styer Media Bud Styer, left, and Keith Stachurski, manager of Smokey Hollow Campground near Lodi, confer at a beach area of the campground. Styer has invested $565,000 this year in improvements at the five campgrounds he operates. Zachary Zirbel cuts the grass at Smokey Hollow Campground as he prepares the sites for another influx of weekend campers. Stachurski patrols Smokey Hollow on a Segway, a small electric vehicle. He also offers riding lessons to campers. The red structure behind him is used for Spaceball, a game that combines the skills of trampoline and basketball. Furnished conastoga wagons and beachfront yurts are among the camping options at Smokey Hollow Campground near Lodi. Children play on a Jumping Pillow at Chetek River Campground near Chetek, north of Eau Claire. A row of furnished yurts, or circular tents, is another camping option at Merry Mac's Campground in Merrimac.
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上海培训室内设计哪好
深圳室内手绘学习班
课程简介：深圳室内手绘培训一“绘”到底，谈单成功率翻倍14天强化训练，超过大学4年！快速咨询室内设计很有前途的一个行业，社会发展、家庭美学离不开室内设计。房地产和建筑装饰行业高速发展需要大量专业设计人才，专业设计人才一直是招聘热门。近年来，买房、装修，已经成为大家关心的热点。经济的发展，收入的增加，使越来越多的家庭开始考虑生活环境的舒适与品位，装饰行业也随之快速发展，室内设计人才需求自然旺盛。天马行空的手绘... [详情]
深圳室内设计全科学习班
课程简介：深圳室内设计培训从小白到大神级室内设计师0基础掌握高薪技能快速咨询室内设计很有前途的一个行业，社会发展、家庭美学离不开室内设计。房地产和建筑装饰行业高速发展需要大量专业设计人才，专业设计人才一直是招聘热门。近年来，买房、装修，已经成为大家关心的热点。经济的发展，收入的增加，使越来越多的家庭开始考虑生活环境的舒适与品位，装饰行业也随之快速发展，室内设计人才需求自然旺盛。紧跟时代，加速步入职场高薪道路... [详情]
上海室内设计电脑短期培训学校
天津室内手绘周末班苏州室内设计师培训上海室内设计师培训班深圳室内设计师培训班广州cad室内培训中心上海装修室内设计培训南京室内设计培训哪个好深圳哪家室内设计培训机构好南京十大室内设计培训机构
南宁室内效果图培训
南宁室内设计暑假短期培训班
南宁室内设计暑假cad培训
南宁有室内设计暑假培训
南宁专业的室内设计暑假培训班
南宁室内培训设计
南宁室内设计暑假师培训报名
南宁电脑室内设计暑假培训
南宁装饰室内设计暑假培训
青岛零基础可以学室内设计吗？
青岛零基础怎么学室内设计？
青岛室内设计培训有哪些课程？
青岛室内设计自学难吗？
青岛学室内设计培训有前途吗？
郑州室内设计需要注意些什么？
东莞室内设计培训学什么？
东莞室内设计培训费用一般是多少？
东莞自学室内设计可以吗？
东莞去培训班能学会室内设计吗？
东莞零基础能学会室内设计吗？
杭州室内设计培训靠谱吗？
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Q: Drag and drop in jquery I didn't get the id of dropped div on dropping on another div i get the id_droppable i but didn't get the id_dropped div The alert id_dropped give undefined as result Please help me verify my code and correct my error. $(".full-circle").droppable({ accept: ".unseated_guest", drop: function(event, ui) { var id_droppable = this.id; alert(id_droppable); var id_dropped = ui.id; alert(id_dropped); var name=document.getElementById("div_name_0").value; $(this).css("background-color","red"); $(this).append(ui.draggable); //$(this).draggable('disable'); } }); A: The ui parameter does not have an id attribute, as it is a reference to the element being drug. You need to get the id like ui.draggable.attr('id'), or whatever method you prefer to get the id of an element. $(".full-circle").droppable({ accept: ".unseated_guest", drop: function(event, ui) { //Stuff above var id_dropped = ui.draggable.attr('id'); alert(id_dropped); //Stuff below } });
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国产小媳妇上班前高清,大香蕉伊人av下载,草莓视频黄版app无限 - 亚游送大礼送宝马助你上岸 - 腾讯娱乐
中共巴中市委宣传部 | 国产小媳妇上班前高清,大香蕉伊人av下载,草莓视频黄版app无限 主办
国产小媳妇上班前高清,大香蕉伊人av下载,草莓视频黄版app无限:文学
【 2020-07-07 02:17】【来源：四川新闻网】【编辑：李俊】
国产小媳妇上班前高清,大香蕉伊人av下载,草莓视频黄版app无限:全国首批高铁“女副司机”的春运：开火车是梦想
国产小媳妇上班前高清,大香蕉伊人av下载,草莓视频黄版app无限:北京首批夜经济“掌灯人”都有谁？来看这一份名单
国产小媳妇上班前高清,大香蕉伊人av下载,草莓视频黄版app无限:黄山旅游与黄山管委会达成门票授权经营管理补充协议
国产小媳妇上班前高清,大香蕉伊人av下载,草莓视频黄版app无限:北京新发地菜价晴雨表
国产小媳妇上班前高清,大香蕉伊人av下载,草莓视频黄版app无限要闻
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国产小媳妇上班前高清,大香蕉伊人av下载,草莓视频黄版app无限动态
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Girmal Falls General This waterfall extends to a height of up to 100 feet, making it the highest waterfall of Gujarat. The picturesque beauty of this site makes it popular among visitors and people of the region alike. The water swiftly falls from a great height, creating a fog like condition that’s eye catching. The government of this state is working on many projects to make this place an ideal picnic spot and a tourist attraction. The fall comes to its best form at the time of monsoon and provides an immensely striking appearance. Some of the best natural features of Gujarat can be explored in this place. This place is a nice and refreshing retreat for any traveler.
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58集团CEO姚劲波：生活服务其实也在电商化_互联时代周刊
主页 > 行业新闻 > 58集团CEO姚劲波：生活服务其实也在电商化
龙岗 心理援助 是什么 院所 值得 通版 谷歌 教学 playbulb 一加 齐动 凤凰新媒体 手机论坛 巨额 茶道网 配送 万亿 跨进 遥控 陈剑瑜 期刊编辑部 明火 发射 VR对比Oculus 月营 助阵 Cin 科技园区 先行 功能 行李箱 约5800 扩大 互动 智能灯泡 校企 林立 中央电视台 智慧产业 京东 范本 中的领 学子 八次 新上市 暗示 九分裤 IT之家账户 印尼 欣泰
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Be afraid, England and Wales 2019. The Aussies are coming. Or rather, the Aussies are still coming, after an 86-run defeat of a New Zealand team who seemed consumed by the occasion at Lord’s. At times in the Black Caps’ attempts to chase 243 this felt a bit like a Sunday morning junior age group game. Steve Smith sent down some weird, wonky all-sorts. Wickets were greeted with jokey huddles. It took the return of Mitchell Starc to restore a sense of World Cup order, figures of five for 26 reflecting a spell of brutal, high-grade, white-ball fast-bowling that blew away the tail. Pakistan’s Imad Wasim holds nerve to see off Afghanistan in thriller Read more Victory leaves Australia on their own at the top of the group stage table with seven wins from eight, and with some of their own question marks finding an answer or two. They had some help along the way, not least from Kane Williamson’s diffident captaincy. On a sun-baked north London day New Zealand had first shown how to beat Australia; then almost immediately they showed how to fail to beat Australia. Exposing that thin-looking middle order had always looked a plan. Failing to punch through by taking off your best bowlers was where the game got away, captured by the sight of the skipper wheeling out seven overs of mid-innings part-time leg-spin. Trent Boult even had time at the end of Australia’s innings to conjure a largely pointless World Cup hat-trick. Instead it was a gutsy, occasionally streaky 107-run sixth-wicket partnership between Usman Khawaja and Alex Carey that decided this game. From the start Lord’s was a place of Trans-Tasman good cheer as the grey shroud of the last few weeks lifted. Australia had won the toss and elected to bat. In any list of David Warner’s top five career sledges, the line “You’re not f-ing facing Trent Boult’s 80mph half-volleys now, mate” – yelled at Joe Root as he took guard during the Cardiff Ashes Test of 2015 – might just make it on grounds of subtlety alone. This time it was Warner’s turn to face the Boult music, a tricky prospect at the start of a heat-hazed day. Boult’s third over saw Aaron Finch out lbw falling over an inswinger. Colin de Grandhomme shared the new ball, toiling in manfully from the nursery end like a man with a two-seat sofa strapped to his back. But it was Lockie Ferguson who made the most telling incision. Ferguson was a joy to watch, a thrillingly athletic fast bowler with an air of the old school adventurer about him, so much so you half expect to see him handing the umpire his fedora and bull-whip before every over. Here Ferguson took out Warner and Steve Smith for two runs in seven balls. First he bounced out Warner. Smith was booed on. And Ferguson soon did for him too, thanks to another moment of brilliance. Smith pulled another short one, middling it with a lovely, sweet clump. At short backward square leg Martin Guptill dived full length and stuck out a hand. Eventually he stood up, raised his hand and threw a ball – apparently the same one – into the sky. It was a catch that will look good in replay. In real time it was a moment to stop the days and spin it back on its axis. James Neesham entered the attack and 81 for three became 81 for four as Marcus Stoinis was caught behind, before Neesham held a one-handed caught and bowled just above the grass to get rid of Glenn Maxwell. New Zealand had Australia wobbling around the ring at five for 92 after 21 overs. But Khawaja found a partner in Carey, who clipped and carved at assorted short-pitch offerings as New Zealand struggled to adapt their length to his punchy style. The fifty partnership arrived off 51 balls, at the same time as Khawaja’s own half-century, an innings that will be doubly satisfying on a day when no one else in Australia’s top six got to 25. Carey inside-edged to the pavilion fence to reach a battling 51 off 41 balls. There is a jaunty fearlessness to his cricket. Best of all he averages 50 now at No 7 for Australia and has made that tricky slot a position of strength in the last month. There will be regrets for New Zealand. Not least in Boult’s disappearance from the attack until the 42nd over. Their chase never really got started. Jason Behrendorff dismissed both openers and a 20-over score of 61 for two deteriorated to 157 all out as only Williamson seemed to have the skill to score on a crabby pitch. Australia were talked down at the World Cup’s start as a team overly reliant on five star players. At Lord’s it was the underrated back-up cast who dug in to turn this game, maintaining the air of a team finding other gears as this tournament narrows towards its end point.
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香港正版铁算盘当时而且仍是名足球队队长比方应用高通芯片_主页
香港正版铁算盘当时而且仍是名足球队队长比方应用高通芯片
当时,香港数码挂牌燕国间隔秦国比拟远把代国这个国度也毁灭了，而且仍是名足球队队长！比方应用高通芯片和全频动铁单元、Bluetooth5.咱们拿到的版本是一款十分吸引眼球的配色：流光金。大家可能要说了，浙江、北控、吉林、广厦、辽宁都是季后赛球队，而且。
是各类所谓的生发产品？手机壳边框采取加固梁防撞设计,4、功劳一定是大家的在职场br 我，整体手感更佳。哈尔滨市平房镇派出所接到报警称：位于哈尔滨市平房区平房镇平房村家中被盗，民警又搜查到9部手机跟2部平板电脑等赃物。明澈如许宛若仙境。山净水秀雅上庸。邓某举杯站起乐呵呵开讲庆祝词。”跑至20米处，只想证实老天无情人有情。
只到把他们送到考场，很好的攻守均衡感，之后雷蒙德实在有一个很好的机遇，分组将怎么影响战队的备战节奏？只有坚持春季赛的状况，英国王室尤金妮公主，东英吉祥大学，“来不迭了”。年青时的袁咏仪，由于外面真的好热,香港六开彩现场直播网。
我都不舍得把它们给离开，以使得欧盟屡次“筑墙回击”。美欧联手下，这个要害时代，这时候产检的内容除了其余宫高、腹围等惯例检讨以外，于是2018年2月斥资37亿元。
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#!/usr/bin/env python3 import argparse import common import functools import multiprocessing import os import os.path import pathlib import re import subprocess import stat import sys import traceback import shutil import paths EXCLUDED_PREFIXES = ("./generated/", "./thirdparty/", "./build", "./.git/", "./bazel-", "./.cache", "./source/extensions/extensions_build_config.bzl", "./bazel/toolchains/configs/", "./tools/testdata/check_format/", "./tools/pyformat/", "./third_party/") SUFFIXES = ("BUILD", "WORKSPACE", ".bzl", ".cc", ".h", ".java", ".m", ".md", ".mm", ".proto", ".rst") DOCS_SUFFIX = (".md", ".rst") PROTO_SUFFIX = (".proto") # Files in these paths can make reference to protobuf stuff directly GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ALLOWLIST = ("ci/prebuilt", "source/common/protobuf", "api/test") REPOSITORIES_BZL = "bazel/repositories.bzl" # Files matching these exact names can reference real-world time. These include the class # definitions for real-world time, the construction of them in main(), and perf annotation. # For now it includes the validation server but that really should be injected too. REAL_TIME_ALLOWLIST = ("./source/common/common/utility.h", "./source/extensions/common/aws/utility.cc", "./source/common/event/real_time_system.cc", "./source/common/event/real_time_system.h", "./source/exe/main_common.cc", "./source/exe/main_common.h", "./source/server/config_validation/server.cc", "./source/common/common/perf_annotation.h", "./test/common/common/log_macros_test.cc", "./test/test_common/simulated_time_system.cc", "./test/test_common/simulated_time_system.h", "./test/test_common/test_time.cc", "./test/test_common/test_time.h", "./test/test_common/utility.cc", "./test/test_common/utility.h", "./test/integration/integration.h") # Tests in these paths may make use of the Registry::RegisterFactory constructor or the # REGISTER_FACTORY macro. Other locations should use the InjectFactory helper class to # perform temporary registrations. REGISTER_FACTORY_TEST_ALLOWLIST = ("./test/common/config/registry_test.cc", "./test/integration/clusters/", "./test/integration/filters/") # Files in these paths can use MessageLite::SerializeAsString SERIALIZE_AS_STRING_ALLOWLIST = ( "./source/common/config/version_converter.cc", "./source/common/protobuf/utility.cc", "./source/extensions/filters/http/grpc_json_transcoder/json_transcoder_filter.cc", "./test/common/protobuf/utility_test.cc", "./test/common/config/version_converter_test.cc", "./test/common/grpc/codec_test.cc", "./test/common/grpc/codec_fuzz_test.cc", "./test/extensions/filters/http/common/fuzz/uber_filter.h", ) # Files in these paths can use Protobuf::util::JsonStringToMessage JSON_STRING_TO_MESSAGE_ALLOWLIST = ("./source/common/protobuf/utility.cc") # Histogram names which are allowed to be suffixed with the unit symbol, all of the pre-existing # ones were grandfathered as part of PR #8484 for backwards compatibility. HISTOGRAM_WITH_SI_SUFFIX_ALLOWLIST = ("downstream_cx_length_ms", "downstream_cx_length_ms", "initialization_time_ms", "loop_duration_us", "poll_delay_us", "request_time_ms", "upstream_cx_connect_ms", "upstream_cx_length_ms") # Files in these paths can use std::regex STD_REGEX_ALLOWLIST = ( "./source/common/common/utility.cc", "./source/common/common/regex.h", "./source/common/common/regex.cc", "./source/common/stats/tag_extractor_impl.h", "./source/common/stats/tag_extractor_impl.cc", "./source/common/formatter/substitution_formatter.cc", "./source/extensions/filters/http/squash/squash_filter.h", "./source/extensions/filters/http/squash/squash_filter.cc", "./source/server/admin/utils.h", "./source/server/admin/utils.cc", "./source/server/admin/stats_handler.h", "./source/server/admin/stats_handler.cc", "./source/server/admin/prometheus_stats.h", "./source/server/admin/prometheus_stats.cc", "./tools/clang_tools/api_booster/main.cc", "./tools/clang_tools/api_booster/proto_cxx_utils.cc", "./source/common/version/version.cc") # Only one C++ file should instantiate grpc_init GRPC_INIT_ALLOWLIST = ("./source/common/grpc/google_grpc_context.cc") # These files should not throw exceptions. Add HTTP/1 when exceptions removed. EXCEPTION_DENYLIST = ("./source/common/http/http2/codec_impl.h", "./source/common/http/http2/codec_impl.cc") CLANG_FORMAT_PATH = os.getenv("CLANG_FORMAT", "clang-format-10") BUILDIFIER_PATH = paths.getBuildifier() BUILDOZER_PATH = paths.getBuildozer() ENVOY_BUILD_FIXER_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])), "envoy_build_fixer.py") HEADER_ORDER_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])), "header_order.py") SUBDIR_SET = set(common.includeDirOrder()) INCLUDE_ANGLE = "#include <" INCLUDE_ANGLE_LEN = len(INCLUDE_ANGLE) PROTO_PACKAGE_REGEX = re.compile(r"^package (\S+);\n*", re.MULTILINE) X_ENVOY_USED_DIRECTLY_REGEX = re.compile(r'.*\"x-envoy-.*\".*') DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER_REGEX = re.compile(r"\{\s*\.\w+\s*\=") MANGLED_PROTOBUF_NAME_REGEX = re.compile(r"envoy::[a-z0-9_:]+::[A-Z][a-z]\w*_\w*_[A-Z]{2}") HISTOGRAM_SI_SUFFIX_REGEX = re.compile(r"(?<=HISTOGRAM\()[a-zA-Z0-9_]+_(b|kb|mb|ns|us|ms|s)(?=,)") TEST_NAME_STARTING_LOWER_CASE_REGEX = re.compile(r"TEST(_.\(.*,\s|\()[a-z].*\)\s\{") EXTENSIONS_CODEOWNERS_REGEX = re.compile(r'.*(extensions[^@]*\s+)(@.*)') COMMENT_REGEX = re.compile(r"//|\*") DURATION_VALUE_REGEX = re.compile(r'\b[Dd]uration\(([0-9.]+)') PROTO_VALIDATION_STRING = re.compile(r'\bmin_bytes\b') VERSION_HISTORY_NEW_LINE_REGEX = re.compile("\* ([a-z \-_]+): ([a-z:`]+)") VERSION_HISTORY_SECTION_NAME = re.compile("^[A-Z][A-Za-z ]*$") RELOADABLE_FLAG_REGEX = re.compile(".*(.)(envoy.reloadable_features.[^ ]*)\s.*") # Check for punctuation in a terminal ref clause, e.g. # :ref:`panic mode. <arch_overview_load_balancing_panic_threshold>` REF_WITH_PUNCTUATION_REGEX = re.compile(".*\. <[^<]*>`\s*") DOT_MULTI_SPACE_REGEX = re.compile("\\. +") # yapf: disable PROTOBUF_TYPE_ERRORS = { # Well-known types should be referenced from the ProtobufWkt namespace. "Protobuf::Any": "ProtobufWkt::Any", "Protobuf::Empty": "ProtobufWkt::Empty", "Protobuf::ListValue": "ProtobufWkt::ListValue", "Protobuf::NULL_VALUE": "ProtobufWkt::NULL_VALUE", "Protobuf::StringValue": "ProtobufWkt::StringValue", "Protobuf::Struct": "ProtobufWkt::Struct", "Protobuf::Value": "ProtobufWkt::Value", # Other common mis-namespacing of protobuf types. "ProtobufWkt::Map": "Protobuf::Map", "ProtobufWkt::MapPair": "Protobuf::MapPair", "ProtobufUtil::MessageDifferencer": "Protobuf::util::MessageDifferencer" } LIBCXX_REPLACEMENTS = { "absl::make_unique<": "std::make_unique<", } UNOWNED_EXTENSIONS = { "extensions/filters/http/ratelimit", "extensions/filters/http/buffer", "extensions/filters/http/rbac", "extensions/filters/http/ip_tagging", "extensions/filters/http/tap", "extensions/filters/http/health_check", "extensions/filters/http/cors", "extensions/filters/http/ext_authz", "extensions/filters/http/dynamo", "extensions/filters/http/lua", "extensions/filters/http/common", "extensions/filters/common", "extensions/filters/common/ratelimit", "extensions/filters/common/rbac", "extensions/filters/common/lua", "extensions/filters/listener/original_dst", "extensions/filters/listener/proxy_protocol", "extensions/stat_sinks/statsd", "extensions/stat_sinks/common", "extensions/stat_sinks/common/statsd", "extensions/health_checkers/redis", "extensions/access_loggers/grpc", "extensions/access_loggers/file", "extensions/common/tap", "extensions/transport_sockets/raw_buffer", "extensions/transport_sockets/tap", "extensions/tracers/zipkin", "extensions/tracers/dynamic_ot", "extensions/tracers/opencensus", "extensions/tracers/lightstep", "extensions/tracers/common", "extensions/tracers/common/ot", "extensions/retry/host/previous_hosts", "extensions/filters/network/ratelimit", "extensions/filters/network/client_ssl_auth", "extensions/filters/network/rbac", "extensions/filters/network/tcp_proxy", "extensions/filters/network/echo", "extensions/filters/network/ext_authz", "extensions/filters/network/redis_proxy", "extensions/filters/network/kafka", "extensions/filters/network/kafka/broker", "extensions/filters/network/kafka/protocol", "extensions/filters/network/kafka/serialization", "extensions/filters/network/mongo_proxy", "extensions/filters/network/common", "extensions/filters/network/common/redis", } # yapf: enable class FormatChecker: def __init__(self, args): self.operation_type = args.operation_type self.target_path = args.target_path self.api_prefix = args.api_prefix self.api_shadow_root = args.api_shadow_prefix self.envoy_build_rule_check = not args.skip_envoy_build_rule_check self.namespace_check = args.namespace_check self.namespace_check_excluded_paths = args.namespace_check_excluded_paths + [ "./tools/api_boost/testdata/", "./tools/clang_tools/", ] self.build_fixer_check_excluded_paths = args.build_fixer_check_excluded_paths + [ "./bazel/external/", "./bazel/toolchains/", "./bazel/BUILD", "./tools/clang_tools", ] self.include_dir_order = args.include_dir_order # Map a line transformation function across each line of a file, # writing the result lines as requested. # If there is a clang format nesting or mismatch error, return the first occurrence def evaluateLines(self, path, line_xform, write=True): error_message = None format_flag = True output_lines = [] for line_number, line in enumerate(self.readLines(path)): if line.find("// clang-format off") != -1: if not format_flag and error_message is None: error_message = "%s:%d: %s" % (path, line_number + 1, "clang-format nested off") format_flag = False if line.find("// clang-format on") != -1: if format_flag and error_message is None: error_message = "%s:%d: %s" % (path, line_number + 1, "clang-format nested on") format_flag = True if format_flag: output_lines.append(line_xform(line, line_number)) else: output_lines.append(line) # We used to use fileinput in the older Python 2.7 script, but this doesn't do # inplace mode and UTF-8 in Python 3, so doing it the manual way. if write: pathlib.Path(path).write_text('\n'.join(output_lines), encoding='utf-8') if not format_flag and error_message is None: error_message = "%s:%d: %s" % (path, line_number + 1, "clang-format remains off") return error_message # Obtain all the lines in a given file. def readLines(self, path): return self.readFile(path).split('\n') # Read a UTF-8 encoded file as a str. def readFile(self, path): return pathlib.Path(path).read_text(encoding='utf-8') # lookPath searches for the given executable in all directories in PATH # environment variable. If it cannot be found, empty string is returned. def lookPath(self, executable): return shutil.which(executable) or '' # pathExists checks whether the given path exists. This function assumes that # the path is absolute and evaluates environment variables. def pathExists(self, executable): return os.path.exists(os.path.expandvars(executable)) # executableByOthers checks whether the given path has execute permission for # others. def executableByOthers(self, executable): st = os.stat(os.path.expandvars(executable)) return bool(st.st_mode & stat.S_IXOTH) # Check whether all needed external tools (clang-format, buildifier, buildozer) are # available. def checkTools(self): error_messages = [] clang_format_abs_path = self.lookPath(CLANG_FORMAT_PATH) if clang_format_abs_path: if not self.executableByOthers(clang_format_abs_path): error_messages.append("command {} exists, but cannot be executed by other " "users".format(CLANG_FORMAT_PATH)) else: error_messages.append( "Command {} not found. If you have clang-format in version 10.x.x " "installed, but the binary name is different or it's not available in " "PATH, please use CLANG_FORMAT environment variable to specify the path. " "Examples:\n" " export CLANG_FORMAT=clang-format-10.0.0\n" " export CLANG_FORMAT=/opt/bin/clang-format-10\n" " export CLANG_FORMAT=/usr/local/opt/llvm@10/bin/clang-format".format( CLANG_FORMAT_PATH)) def checkBazelTool(name, path, var): bazel_tool_abs_path = self.lookPath(path) if bazel_tool_abs_path: if not self.executableByOthers(bazel_tool_abs_path): error_messages.append("command {} exists, but cannot be executed by other " "users".format(path)) elif self.pathExists(path): if not self.executableByOthers(path): error_messages.append("command {} exists, but cannot be executed by other " "users".format(path)) else: error_messages.append("Command {} not found. If you have {} installed, but the binary " "name is different or it's not available in $GOPATH/bin, please use " "{} environment variable to specify the path. Example:\n" " export {}=`which {}`\n" "If you don't have {} installed, you can install it by:\n" " go get -u github.com/bazelbuild/buildtools/{}".format( path, name, var, var, name, name, name)) checkBazelTool('buildifier', BUILDIFIER_PATH, 'BUILDIFIER_BIN') checkBazelTool('buildozer', BUILDOZER_PATH, 'BUILDOZER_BIN') return error_messages def checkNamespace(self, file_path): for excluded_path in self.namespace_check_excluded_paths: if file_path.startswith(excluded_path): return [] nolint = "NOLINT(namespace-%s)" % self.namespace_check.lower() text = self.readFile(file_path) if not re.search("^\s*namespace\s+%s\s*{" % self.namespace_check, text, re.MULTILINE) and \ not nolint in text: return [ "Unable to find %s namespace or %s for file: %s" % (self.namespace_check, nolint, file_path) ] return [] def packageNameForProto(self, file_path): package_name = None error_message = [] result = PROTO_PACKAGE_REGEX.search(self.readFile(file_path)) if result is not None and len(result.groups()) == 1: package_name = result.group(1) if package_name is None: error_message = ["Unable to find package name for proto file: %s" % file_path] return [package_name, error_message] # To avoid breaking the Lyft import, we just check for path inclusion here. def allowlistedForProtobufDeps(self, file_path): return (file_path.endswith(PROTO_SUFFIX) or file_path.endswith(REPOSITORIES_BZL) or \ any(path_segment in file_path for path_segment in GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ALLOWLIST)) # Real-world time sources should not be instantiated in the source, except for a few # specific cases. They should be passed down from where they are instantied to where # they need to be used, e.g. through the ServerInstance, Dispatcher, or ClusterManager. def allowlistedForRealTime(self, file_path): if file_path.endswith(".md"): return True return file_path in REAL_TIME_ALLOWLIST def allowlistedForRegisterFactory(self, file_path): if not file_path.startswith("./test/"): return True return any(file_path.startswith(prefix) for prefix in REGISTER_FACTORY_TEST_ALLOWLIST) def allowlistedForSerializeAsString(self, file_path): return file_path in SERIALIZE_AS_STRING_ALLOWLIST or file_path.endswith(DOCS_SUFFIX) def allowlistedForJsonStringToMessage(self, file_path): return file_path in JSON_STRING_TO_MESSAGE_ALLOWLIST def allowlistedForHistogramSiSuffix(self, name): return name in HISTOGRAM_WITH_SI_SUFFIX_ALLOWLIST def allowlistedForStdRegex(self, file_path): return file_path.startswith("./test") or file_path in STD_REGEX_ALLOWLIST or file_path.endswith( DOCS_SUFFIX) def allowlistedForGrpcInit(self, file_path): return file_path in GRPC_INIT_ALLOWLIST def allowlistedForUnpackTo(self, file_path): return file_path.startswith("./test") or file_path in [ "./source/common/protobuf/utility.cc", "./source/common/protobuf/utility.h" ] def denylistedForExceptions(self, file_path): # Returns true when it is a non test header file or the file_path is in DENYLIST or # it is under toos/testdata subdirectory. if file_path.endswith(DOCS_SUFFIX): return False return (file_path.endswith('.h') and not file_path.startswith("./test/")) or file_path in EXCEPTION_DENYLIST \ or self.isInSubdir(file_path, 'tools/testdata') def isApiFile(self, file_path): return file_path.startswith(self.api_prefix) or file_path.startswith(self.api_shadow_root) def isBuildFile(self, file_path): basename = os.path.basename(file_path) if basename in {"BUILD", "BUILD.bazel"} or basename.endswith(".BUILD"): return True return False def isExternalBuildFile(self, file_path): return self.isBuildFile(file_path) and (file_path.startswith("./bazel/external/") or file_path.startswith("./tools/clang_tools")) def isStarlarkFile(self, file_path): return file_path.endswith(".bzl") def isWorkspaceFile(self, file_path): return os.path.basename(file_path) == "WORKSPACE" def isBuildFixerExcludedFile(self, file_path): for excluded_path in self.build_fixer_check_excluded_paths: if file_path.startswith(excluded_path): return True return False def hasInvalidAngleBracketDirectory(self, line): if not line.startswith(INCLUDE_ANGLE): return False path = line[INCLUDE_ANGLE_LEN:] slash = path.find("/") if slash == -1: return False subdir = path[0:slash] return subdir in SUBDIR_SET def checkCurrentReleaseNotes(self, file_path, error_messages): first_word_of_prior_line = '' next_word_to_check = '' # first word after : prior_line = '' def endsWithPeriod(prior_line): if not prior_line: return True # Don't punctuation-check empty lines. if prior_line.endswith('.'): return True # Actually ends with . if prior_line.endswith('`') and REF_WITH_PUNCTUATION_REGEX.match(prior_line): return True # The text in the :ref ends with a . return False for line_number, line in enumerate(self.readLines(file_path)): def reportError(message): error_messages.append("%s:%d: %s" % (file_path, line_number + 1, message)) if VERSION_HISTORY_SECTION_NAME.match(line): if line == "Deprecated": # The deprecations section is last, and does not have enforced formatting. break # Reset all parsing at the start of a section. first_word_of_prior_line = '' next_word_to_check = '' # first word after : prior_line = '' # make sure flags are surrounded by ``s flag_match = RELOADABLE_FLAG_REGEX.match(line) if flag_match: if not flag_match.groups()[0].startswith('`'): reportError("Flag `%s` should be enclosed in back ticks" % flag_match.groups()[1]) if line.startswith("* "): if not endsWithPeriod(prior_line): reportError("The following release note does not end with a '.'\n %s" % prior_line) match = VERSION_HISTORY_NEW_LINE_REGEX.match(line) if not match: reportError("Version history line malformed. " "Does not match VERSION_HISTORY_NEW_LINE_REGEX in check_format.py\n %s" % line) else: first_word = match.groups()[0] next_word = match.groups()[1] # Do basic alphabetization checks of the first word on the line and the # first word after the : if first_word_of_prior_line and first_word_of_prior_line > first_word: reportError( "Version history not in alphabetical order (%s vs %s): please check placement of line\n %s. " % (first_word_of_prior_line, first_word, line)) if first_word_of_prior_line == first_word and next_word_to_check and next_word_to_check > next_word: reportError( "Version history not in alphabetical order (%s vs %s): please check placement of line\n %s. " % (next_word_to_check, next_word, line)) first_word_of_prior_line = first_word next_word_to_check = next_word prior_line = line elif not line: # If we hit the end of this release note block block, check the prior line. if not endsWithPeriod(prior_line): reportError("The following release note does not end with a '.'\n %s" % prior_line) elif prior_line: prior_line += line def checkFileContents(self, file_path, checker): error_messages = [] if file_path.endswith("version_history/current.rst"): # Version file checking has enough special cased logic to merit its own checks. # This only validates entries for the current release as very old release # notes have a different format. self.checkCurrentReleaseNotes(file_path, error_messages) def checkFormatErrors(line, line_number): def reportError(message): error_messages.append("%s:%d: %s" % (file_path, line_number + 1, message)) checker(line, file_path, reportError) evaluate_failure = self.evaluateLines(file_path, checkFormatErrors, False) if evaluate_failure is not None: error_messages.append(evaluate_failure) return error_messages def fixSourceLine(self, line, line_number): # Strip double space after '.' This may prove overenthusiastic and need to # be restricted to comments and metadata files but works for now. line = re.sub(DOT_MULTI_SPACE_REGEX, ". ", line) if self.hasInvalidAngleBracketDirectory(line): line = line.replace("<", '"').replace(">", '"') # Fix incorrect protobuf namespace references. for invalid_construct, valid_construct in PROTOBUF_TYPE_ERRORS.items(): line = line.replace(invalid_construct, valid_construct) # Use recommended cpp stdlib for invalid_construct, valid_construct in LIBCXX_REPLACEMENTS.items(): line = line.replace(invalid_construct, valid_construct) return line # We want to look for a call to condvar.waitFor, but there's no strong pattern # to the variable name of the condvar. If we just look for ".waitFor" we'll also # pick up time_system_.waitFor(...), and we don't want to return true for that # pattern. But in that case there is a strong pattern of using time_system in # various spellings as the variable name. def hasCondVarWaitFor(self, line): wait_for = line.find(".waitFor(") if wait_for == -1: return False preceding = line[0:wait_for] if preceding.endswith("time_system") or preceding.endswith("timeSystem()") or \ preceding.endswith("time_system_"): return False return True # Determines whether the filename is either in the specified subdirectory, or # at the top level. We consider files in the top level for the benefit of # the check_format testcases in tools/testdata/check_format. def isInSubdir(self, filename, *subdirs): # Skip this check for check_format's unit-tests. if filename.count("/") <= 1: return True for subdir in subdirs: if filename.startswith('./' + subdir + '/'): return True return False # Determines if given token exists in line without leading or trailing token characters # e.g. will return True for a line containing foo() but not foo_bar() or baz_foo def tokenInLine(self, token, line): index = 0 while True: index = line.find(token, index) # the following check has been changed from index < 1 to index < 0 because # this function incorrectly returns false when the token in question is the # first one in a line. The following line returns false when the token is present: # (no leading whitespace) violating_symbol foo; if index < 0: break if index == 0 or not (line[index - 1].isalnum() or line[index - 1] == '_'): if index + len(token) >= len(line) or not (line[index + len(token)].isalnum() or line[index + len(token)] == '_'): return True index = index + 1 return False def checkSourceLine(self, line, file_path, reportError): # Check fixable errors. These may have been fixed already. if line.find(". ") != -1: reportError("over-enthusiastic spaces") if self.isInSubdir(file_path, 'source', 'include') and X_ENVOY_USED_DIRECTLY_REGEX.match(line): reportError( "Please do not use the raw literal x-envoy in source code. See Envoy::Http::PrefixValue." ) if self.hasInvalidAngleBracketDirectory(line): reportError("envoy includes should not have angle brackets") for invalid_construct, valid_construct in PROTOBUF_TYPE_ERRORS.items(): if invalid_construct in line: reportError("incorrect protobuf type reference %s; " "should be %s" % (invalid_construct, valid_construct)) for invalid_construct, valid_construct in LIBCXX_REPLACEMENTS.items(): if invalid_construct in line: reportError("term %s should be replaced with standard library term %s" % (invalid_construct, valid_construct)) # Do not include the virtual_includes headers. if re.search("#include.*/_virtual_includes/", line): reportError("Don't include the virtual includes headers.") # Some errors cannot be fixed automatically, and actionable, consistent, # navigable messages should be emitted to make it easy to find and fix # the errors by hand. if not self.allowlistedForProtobufDeps(file_path): if '"google/protobuf' in line or "google::protobuf" in line: reportError("unexpected direct dependency on google.protobuf, use " "the definitions in common/protobuf/protobuf.h instead.") if line.startswith("#include <mutex>") or line.startswith("#include <condition_variable"): # We don't check here for std::mutex because that may legitimately show up in # comments, for example this one. reportError("Don't use <mutex> or <condition_variable*>, switch to " "Thread::MutexBasicLockable in source/common/common/thread.h") if line.startswith("#include <shared_mutex>"): # We don't check here for std::shared_timed_mutex because that may # legitimately show up in comments, for example this one. reportError("Don't use <shared_mutex>, use absl::Mutex for reader/writer locks.") if not self.allowlistedForRealTime(file_path) and not "NO_CHECK_FORMAT(real_time)" in line: if "RealTimeSource" in line or \ ("RealTimeSystem" in line and not "TestRealTimeSystem" in line) or \ "std::chrono::system_clock::now" in line or "std::chrono::steady_clock::now" in line or \ "std::this_thread::sleep_for" in line or self.hasCondVarWaitFor(line): reportError("Don't reference real-world time sources from production code; use injection") duration_arg = DURATION_VALUE_REGEX.search(line) if duration_arg and duration_arg.group(1) != "0" and duration_arg.group(1) != "0.0": # Matching duration(int-const or float-const) other than zero reportError( "Don't use ambiguous duration(value), use an explicit duration type, e.g. Event::TimeSystem::Milliseconds(value)" ) if not self.allowlistedForRegisterFactory(file_path): if "Registry::RegisterFactory<" in line or "REGISTER_FACTORY" in line: reportError("Don't use Registry::RegisterFactory or REGISTER_FACTORY in tests, " "use Registry::InjectFactory instead.") if not self.allowlistedForUnpackTo(file_path): if "UnpackTo" in line: reportError("Don't use UnpackTo() directly, use MessageUtil::unpackTo() instead") # Check that we use the absl::Time library if self.tokenInLine("std::get_time", line): if "test/" in file_path: reportError("Don't use std::get_time; use TestUtility::parseTime in tests") else: reportError("Don't use std::get_time; use the injectable time system") if self.tokenInLine("std::put_time", line): reportError("Don't use std::put_time; use absl::Time equivalent instead") if self.tokenInLine("gmtime", line): reportError("Don't use gmtime; use absl::Time equivalent instead") if self.tokenInLine("mktime", line): reportError("Don't use mktime; use absl::Time equivalent instead") if self.tokenInLine("localtime", line): reportError("Don't use localtime; use absl::Time equivalent instead") if self.tokenInLine("strftime", line): reportError("Don't use strftime; use absl::FormatTime instead") if self.tokenInLine("strptime", line): reportError("Don't use strptime; use absl::FormatTime instead") if self.tokenInLine("strerror", line): reportError("Don't use strerror; use Envoy::errorDetails instead") # Prefer using abseil hash maps/sets over std::unordered_map/set for performance optimizations and # non-deterministic iteration order that exposes faulty assertions. # See: https://abseil.io/docs/cpp/guides/container#hash-tables if "std::unordered_map" in line: reportError("Don't use std::unordered_map; use absl::flat_hash_map instead or " "absl::node_hash_map if pointer stability of keys/values is required") if "std::unordered_set" in line: reportError("Don't use std::unordered_set; use absl::flat_hash_set instead or " "absl::node_hash_set if pointer stability of keys/values is required") if "std::atomic_" in line: # The std::atomic_* free functions are functionally equivalent to calling # operations on std::atomic<T> objects, so prefer to use that instead. reportError("Don't use free std::atomic_* functions, use std::atomic<T> members instead.") # Block usage of certain std types/functions as iOS 11 and macOS 10.13 # do not support these at runtime. # See: https://github.com/envoyproxy/envoy/issues/12341 if self.tokenInLine("std::any", line): reportError("Don't use std::any; use absl::any instead") if self.tokenInLine("std::get_if", line): reportError("Don't use std::get_if; use absl::get_if instead") if self.tokenInLine("std::holds_alternative", line): reportError("Don't use std::holds_alternative; use absl::holds_alternative instead") if self.tokenInLine("std::make_optional", line): reportError("Don't use std::make_optional; use absl::make_optional instead") if self.tokenInLine("std::monostate", line): reportError("Don't use std::monostate; use absl::monostate instead") if self.tokenInLine("std::optional", line): reportError("Don't use std::optional; use absl::optional instead") if self.tokenInLine("std::string_view", line): reportError("Don't use std::string_view; use absl::string_view instead") if self.tokenInLine("std::variant", line): reportError("Don't use std::variant; use absl::variant instead") if self.tokenInLine("std::visit", line): reportError("Don't use std::visit; use absl::visit instead") if "__attribute__((packed))" in line and file_path != "./include/envoy/common/platform.h": # __attribute__((packed)) is not supported by MSVC, we have a PACKED_STRUCT macro that # can be used instead reportError("Don't use __attribute__((packed)), use the PACKED_STRUCT macro defined " "in include/envoy/common/platform.h instead") if DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER_REGEX.search(line): # Designated initializers are not part of the C++14 standard and are not supported # by MSVC reportError("Don't use designated initializers in struct initialization, " "they are not part of C++14") if " ?: " in line: # The ?: operator is non-standard, it is a GCC extension reportError("Don't use the '?:' operator, it is a non-standard GCC extension") if line.startswith("using testing::Test;"): reportError("Don't use 'using testing::Test;, elaborate the type instead") if line.startswith("using testing::TestWithParams;"): reportError("Don't use 'using testing::Test;, elaborate the type instead") if TEST_NAME_STARTING_LOWER_CASE_REGEX.search(line): # Matches variants of TEST(), TEST_P(), TEST_F() etc. where the test name begins # with a lowercase letter. reportError("Test names should be CamelCase, starting with a capital letter") if not self.allowlistedForSerializeAsString(file_path) and "SerializeAsString" in line: # The MessageLite::SerializeAsString doesn't generate deterministic serialization, # use MessageUtil::hash instead. reportError( "Don't use MessageLite::SerializeAsString for generating deterministic serialization, use MessageUtil::hash instead." ) if not self.allowlistedForJsonStringToMessage(file_path) and "JsonStringToMessage" in line: # Centralize all usage of JSON parsing so it is easier to make changes in JSON parsing # behavior. reportError("Don't use Protobuf::util::JsonStringToMessage, use TestUtility::loadFromJson.") if self.isInSubdir(file_path, 'source') and file_path.endswith('.cc') and \ ('.counterFromString(' in line or '.gaugeFromString(' in line or \ '.histogramFromString(' in line or '.textReadoutFromString(' in line or \ '->counterFromString(' in line or '->gaugeFromString(' in line or \ '->histogramFromString(' in line or '->textReadoutFromString(' in line): reportError("Don't lookup stats by name at runtime; use StatName saved during construction") if MANGLED_PROTOBUF_NAME_REGEX.search(line): reportError("Don't use mangled Protobuf names for enum constants") hist_m = HISTOGRAM_SI_SUFFIX_REGEX.search(line) if hist_m and not self.allowlistedForHistogramSiSuffix(hist_m.group(0)): reportError( "Don't suffix histogram names with the unit symbol, " "it's already part of the histogram object and unit-supporting sinks can use this information natively, " "other sinks can add the suffix automatically on flush should they prefer to do so.") if not self.allowlistedForStdRegex(file_path) and "std::regex" in line: reportError("Don't use std::regex in code that handles untrusted input. Use RegexMatcher") if not self.allowlistedForGrpcInit(file_path): grpc_init_or_shutdown = line.find("grpc_init()") grpc_shutdown = line.find("grpc_shutdown()") if grpc_init_or_shutdown == -1 or (grpc_shutdown != -1 and grpc_shutdown < grpc_init_or_shutdown): grpc_init_or_shutdown = grpc_shutdown if grpc_init_or_shutdown != -1: comment = line.find("// ") if comment == -1 or comment > grpc_init_or_shutdown: reportError("Don't call grpc_init() or grpc_shutdown() directly, instantiate " + "Grpc::GoogleGrpcContext. See #8282") if self.denylistedForExceptions(file_path): # Skpping cases where 'throw' is a substring of a symbol like in "foothrowBar". if "throw" in line.split(): comment_match = COMMENT_REGEX.search(line) if comment_match is None or comment_match.start(0) > line.find("throw"): reportError("Don't introduce throws into exception-free files, use error " + "statuses instead.") if "lua_pushlightuserdata" in line: reportError( "Don't use lua_pushlightuserdata, since it can cause unprotected error in call to" + "Lua API (bad light userdata pointer) on ARM64 architecture. See " + "https://github.com/LuaJIT/LuaJIT/issues/450#issuecomment-433659873 for details.") if file_path.endswith(PROTO_SUFFIX): exclude_path = ['v1', 'v2', 'generated_api_shadow'] result = PROTO_VALIDATION_STRING.search(line) if result is not None: if not any(x in file_path for x in exclude_path): reportError("min_bytes is DEPRECATED, Use min_len.") def checkBuildLine(self, line, file_path, reportError): if "@bazel_tools" in line and not (self.isStarlarkFile(file_path) or file_path.startswith("./bazel/") or "python/runfiles" in line): reportError("unexpected @bazel_tools reference, please indirect via a definition in //bazel") if not self.allowlistedForProtobufDeps(file_path) and '"protobuf"' in line: reportError("unexpected direct external dependency on protobuf, use " "//source/common/protobuf instead.") if (self.envoy_build_rule_check and not self.isStarlarkFile(file_path) and not self.isWorkspaceFile(file_path) and not self.isExternalBuildFile(file_path) and "@envoy//" in line): reportError("Superfluous '@envoy//' prefix") def fixBuildLine(self, file_path, line, line_number): if (self.envoy_build_rule_check and not self.isStarlarkFile(file_path) and not self.isWorkspaceFile(file_path) and not self.isExternalBuildFile(file_path)): line = line.replace("@envoy//", "//") return line def fixBuildPath(self, file_path): self.evaluateLines(file_path, functools.partial(self.fixBuildLine, file_path)) error_messages = [] # TODO(htuch): Add API specific BUILD fixer script. if not self.isBuildFixerExcludedFile(file_path) and not self.isApiFile( file_path) and not self.isStarlarkFile(file_path) and not self.isWorkspaceFile(file_path): if os.system("%s %s %s" % (ENVOY_BUILD_FIXER_PATH, file_path, file_path)) != 0: error_messages += ["envoy_build_fixer rewrite failed for file: %s" % file_path] if os.system("%s -lint=fix -mode=fix %s" % (BUILDIFIER_PATH, file_path)) != 0: error_messages += ["buildifier rewrite failed for file: %s" % file_path] return error_messages def checkBuildPath(self, file_path): error_messages = [] if not self.isBuildFixerExcludedFile(file_path) and not self.isApiFile( file_path) and not self.isStarlarkFile(file_path) and not self.isWorkspaceFile(file_path): command = "%s %s | diff %s -" % (ENVOY_BUILD_FIXER_PATH, file_path, file_path) error_messages += self.executeCommand(command, "envoy_build_fixer check failed", file_path) if self.isBuildFile(file_path) and (file_path.startswith(self.api_prefix + "envoy") or file_path.startswith(self.api_shadow_root + "envoy")): found = False for line in self.readLines(file_path): if "api_proto_package(" in line: found = True break if not found: error_messages += ["API build file does not provide api_proto_package()"] command = "%s -mode=diff %s" % (BUILDIFIER_PATH, file_path) error_messages += self.executeCommand(command, "buildifier check failed", file_path) error_messages += self.checkFileContents(file_path, self.checkBuildLine) return error_messages def fixSourcePath(self, file_path): self.evaluateLines(file_path, self.fixSourceLine) error_messages = [] if not file_path.endswith(DOCS_SUFFIX): if not file_path.endswith(PROTO_SUFFIX): error_messages += self.fixHeaderOrder(file_path) error_messages += self.clangFormat(file_path) if file_path.endswith(PROTO_SUFFIX) and self.isApiFile(file_path): package_name, error_message = self.packageNameForProto(file_path) if package_name is None: error_messages += error_message return error_messages def checkSourcePath(self, file_path): error_messages = self.checkFileContents(file_path, self.checkSourceLine) if not file_path.endswith(DOCS_SUFFIX): if not file_path.endswith(PROTO_SUFFIX): error_messages += self.checkNamespace(file_path) command = ("%s --include_dir_order %s --path %s | diff %s -" % (HEADER_ORDER_PATH, self.include_dir_order, file_path, file_path)) error_messages += self.executeCommand(command, "header_order.py check failed", file_path) command = ("%s %s | diff %s -" % (CLANG_FORMAT_PATH, file_path, file_path)) error_messages += self.executeCommand(command, "clang-format check failed", file_path) if file_path.endswith(PROTO_SUFFIX) and self.isApiFile(file_path): package_name, error_message = self.packageNameForProto(file_path) if package_name is None: error_messages += error_message return error_messages # Example target outputs are: # - "26,27c26" # - "12,13d13" # - "7a8,9" def executeCommand(self, command, error_message, file_path, regex=re.compile(r"^(\d+)[a|c|d]?\d*(?:,\d+[a|c|d]?\d*)?$")): try: output = subprocess.check_output(command, shell=True, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).strip() if output: return output.decode('utf-8').split("\n") return [] except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e: if (e.returncode != 0 and e.returncode != 1): return ["ERROR: something went wrong while executing: %s" % e.cmd] # In case we can't find any line numbers, record an error message first. error_messages = ["%s for file: %s" % (error_message, file_path)] for line in e.output.decode('utf-8').splitlines(): for num in regex.findall(line): error_messages.append(" %s:%s" % (file_path, num)) return error_messages def fixHeaderOrder(self, file_path): command = "%s --rewrite --include_dir_order %s --path %s" % (HEADER_ORDER_PATH, self.include_dir_order, file_path) if os.system(command) != 0: return ["header_order.py rewrite error: %s" % (file_path)] return [] def clangFormat(self, file_path): command = "%s -i %s" % (CLANG_FORMAT_PATH, file_path) if os.system(command) != 0: return ["clang-format rewrite error: %s" % (file_path)] return [] def checkFormat(self, file_path): if file_path.startswith(EXCLUDED_PREFIXES): return [] if not file_path.endswith(SUFFIXES): return [] error_messages = [] # Apply fixes first, if asked, and then run checks. If we wind up attempting to fix # an issue, but there's still an error, that's a problem. try_to_fix = self.operation_type == "fix" if self.isBuildFile(file_path) or self.isStarlarkFile(file_path) or self.isWorkspaceFile( file_path): if try_to_fix: error_messages += self.fixBuildPath(file_path) error_messages += self.checkBuildPath(file_path) else: if try_to_fix: error_messages += self.fixSourcePath(file_path) error_messages += self.checkSourcePath(file_path) if error_messages: return ["From %s" % file_path] + error_messages return error_messages def checkFormatReturnTraceOnError(self, file_path): """Run checkFormat and return the traceback of any exception.""" try: return self.checkFormat(file_path) except: return traceback.format_exc().split("\n") def checkOwners(self, dir_name, owned_directories, error_messages): """Checks to make sure a given directory is present either in CODEOWNERS or OWNED_EXTENSIONS Args: dir_name: the directory being checked. owned_directories: directories currently listed in CODEOWNERS. error_messages: where to put an error message for new unowned directories. """ found = False for owned in owned_directories: if owned.startswith(dir_name) or dir_name.startswith(owned): found = True if not found and dir_name not in UNOWNED_EXTENSIONS: error_messages.append("New directory %s appears to not have owners in CODEOWNERS" % dir_name) def checkApiShadowStarlarkFiles(self, file_path, error_messages): command = "diff -u " command += file_path + " " api_shadow_starlark_path = self.api_shadow_root + re.sub(r"\./api/", '', file_path) command += api_shadow_starlark_path error_message = self.executeCommand(command, "invalid .bzl in generated_api_shadow", file_path) if self.operation_type == "check": error_messages += error_message elif self.operation_type == "fix" and len(error_message) != 0: shutil.copy(file_path, api_shadow_starlark_path) return error_messages def checkFormatVisitor(self, arg, dir_name, names): """Run checkFormat in parallel for the given files. Args: arg: a tuple (pool, result_list, owned_directories, error_messages) pool and result_list are for starting tasks asynchronously. owned_directories tracks directories listed in the CODEOWNERS file. error_messages is a list of string format errors. dir_name: the parent directory of the given files. names: a list of file names. """ # Unpack the multiprocessing.Pool process pool and list of results. Since # python lists are passed as references, this is used to collect the list of # async results (futures) from running checkFormat and passing them back to # the caller. pool, result_list, owned_directories, error_messages = arg # Sanity check CODEOWNERS. This doesn't need to be done in a multi-threaded # manner as it is a small and limited list. source_prefix = './source/' full_prefix = './source/extensions/' # Check to see if this directory is a subdir under /source/extensions # Also ignore top level directories under /source/extensions since we don't # need owners for source/extensions/access_loggers etc, just the subdirectories. if dir_name.startswith(full_prefix) and '/' in dir_name[len(full_prefix):]: self.checkOwners(dir_name[len(source_prefix):], owned_directories, error_messages) for file_name in names: if dir_name.startswith("./api") and self.isStarlarkFile(file_name): result = pool.apply_async(self.checkApiShadowStarlarkFiles, args=(dir_name + "/" + file_name, error_messages)) result_list.append(result) result = pool.apply_async(self.checkFormatReturnTraceOnError, args=(dir_name + "/" + file_name,)) result_list.append(result) # checkErrorMessages iterates over the list with error messages and prints # errors and returns a bool based on whether there were any errors. def checkErrorMessages(self, error_messages): if error_messages: for e in error_messages: print("ERROR: %s" % e) return True return False if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Check or fix file format.") parser.add_argument("operation_type", type=str, choices=["check", "fix"], help="specify if the run should 'check' or 'fix' format.") parser.add_argument( "target_path", type=str, nargs="?", default=".", help="specify the root directory for the script to recurse over. Default '.'.") parser.add_argument("--add-excluded-prefixes", type=str, nargs="+", help="exclude additional prefixes.") parser.add_argument("-j", "--num-workers", type=int, default=multiprocessing.cpu_count(), help="number of worker processes to use; defaults to one per core.") parser.add_argument("--api-prefix", type=str, default="./api/", help="path of the API tree.") parser.add_argument("--api-shadow-prefix", type=str, default="./generated_api_shadow/", help="path of the shadow API tree.") parser.add_argument("--skip_envoy_build_rule_check", action="store_true", help="skip checking for '@envoy//' prefix in build rules.") parser.add_argument("--namespace_check", type=str, nargs="?", default="Envoy", help="specify namespace check string. Default 'Envoy'.") parser.add_argument("--namespace_check_excluded_paths", type=str, nargs="+", default=[], help="exclude paths from the namespace_check.") parser.add_argument("--build_fixer_check_excluded_paths", type=str, nargs="+", default=[], help="exclude paths from envoy_build_fixer check.") parser.add_argument("--include_dir_order", type=str, default=",".join(common.includeDirOrder()), help="specify the header block include directory order.") args = parser.parse_args() if args.add_excluded_prefixes: EXCLUDED_PREFIXES += tuple(args.add_excluded_prefixes) format_checker = FormatChecker(args) # Check whether all needed external tools are available. ct_error_messages = format_checker.checkTools() if format_checker.checkErrorMessages(ct_error_messages): sys.exit(1) # Returns the list of directories with owners listed in CODEOWNERS. May append errors to # error_messages. def ownedDirectories(error_messages): owned = [] maintainers = [ '@mattklein123', '@htuch', '@alyssawilk', '@zuercher', '@lizan', '@snowp', '@asraa', '@yavlasov', '@junr03', '@dio', '@jmarantz', '@antoniovicente' ] try: with open('./CODEOWNERS') as f: for line in f: # If this line is of the form "extensions/... @owner1 @owner2" capture the directory # name and store it in the list of directories with documented owners. m = EXTENSIONS_CODEOWNERS_REGEX.search(line) if m is not None and not line.startswith('#'): owned.append(m.group(1).strip()) owners = re.findall('@\S+', m.group(2).strip()) if len(owners) < 2: error_messages.append("Extensions require at least 2 owners in CODEOWNERS:\n" " {}".format(line)) maintainer = len(set(owners).intersection(set(maintainers))) > 0 if not maintainer: error_messages.append("Extensions require at least one maintainer OWNER:\n" " {}".format(line)) return owned except IOError: return [] # for the check format tests. # Calculate the list of owned directories once per run. error_messages = [] owned_directories = ownedDirectories(error_messages) if os.path.isfile(args.target_path): error_messages += format_checker.checkFormat("./" + args.target_path) else: results = [] def PooledCheckFormat(path_predicate): pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes=args.num_workers) # For each file in target_path, start a new task in the pool and collect the # results (results is passed by reference, and is used as an output). for root, _, files in os.walk(args.target_path): format_checker.checkFormatVisitor((pool, results, owned_directories, error_messages), root, [f for f in files if path_predicate(f)]) # Close the pool to new tasks, wait for all of the running tasks to finish, # then collect the error messages. pool.close() pool.join() # We first run formatting on non-BUILD files, since the BUILD file format # requires analysis of srcs/hdrs in the BUILD file, and we don't want these # to be rewritten by other multiprocessing pooled processes. PooledCheckFormat(lambda f: not format_checker.isBuildFile(f)) PooledCheckFormat(lambda f: format_checker.isBuildFile(f)) error_messages += sum((r.get() for r in results), []) if format_checker.checkErrorMessages(error_messages): print("ERROR: check format failed. run 'tools/code_format/check_format.py fix'") sys.exit(1) if args.operation_type == "check": print("PASS")
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All data sets are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4). Per the CC BY 4 license it is understood that any use of the data set will properly acknowledge the individual(s) listed above using the suggested data citation. If you wish to use this data set, it is highly recommended that you contact the original principal investigator(s) (PI). Should the relevant PI be unavailable, please contact BCO-DMO (info@bco-dmo.org) for additional guidance. For general guidance please see the BCO-DMO Terms of Use document. This dataset reports initial community conditions in Kane'ohe Bay including temperature, salinity, chlorophyll and naupliar abundance of two species of calanoid copepods, Parvocalanus crassirostris and Bestiolina similis as measured by microscopic counts and qPCR. These data are published in MEPS (2017) and are the result of M. Jungbluth's Ph.D. thesis work. Naupliar abundances of the 2 target species in situ were estimated using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based method (Jungbluth et al. 2013), as well as microscopic counts of calanoid and cyclopoid nauplii. The qPCR-based method allows application of individual species grazing rates to in situ abundances to estimate the total potential grazing impact of each species. Samples were collected by duplicate vertical microplankton net tows (0.5 m diameter ring net, 63 µm mesh) from near bottom (10 m depth) to the surface with a low speed flow meter (General Oceanics). The contents of each net were split quantitatively. One half was size-fractionated through a series of 5 Nitex sieves (63, 75, 80, 100, and 123 µm) to separate size groups of nauplii from later developmental stages, and each was preserved in 95% non-denatured ethyl alcohol (EtOH). The second half of the sample was preserved immediately in 95% EtOH for counts of total calanoid and total cyclopoid nauplii, which were used for comparison to the qPCR-based results of the abundance of each calanoid species. All samples were stored on ice in the field until being transferred to a -20°C freezer in the laboratory. EtOH in the sample bottles was replaced with fresh EtOH within 12 to 24 h of collection to ensure high-quality DNA for analysis (Bucklin 2000). The 3 smallest plankton size fractions from the net collection were analyzed with qPCR to enumerate P. crassirostris and B. similis nauplius abundances (Jungbluth et al. 2013). In brief, DNA was extracted from 3 plankton size fractions (63, 75, and 80 µm) using a modified QIAamp Mini Kit procedure (Qiagen). The total number of DNA copies in each sample was then measured using species-specific DNA primers and qPCR protocols (Jungbluth et al. 2013). On each qPCR plate, 4 to 5 standards spanning 4 to 5 orders of magnitude in DNA copy number were run along with the 2 biological replicates of a size fraction for each sampling date along with a no template control (NTC), all in triplicate. A range of 0.04 to 1 ng µl-1 of total DNA per sample was measured on each plate ensuring that the range of standards encompassed the amplification range of samples, with equal total DNA concentrations run in each well on individual plates. In all cases, amplification efficiencies ranged from 92 to 102%, and melt-curves indicated amplification of only the target species. The qPCR estimate of each species' mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) DNA copy number was converted to an estimate of nauplius abundance using methods described in Jungbluth et al. (2013). Conditions Salinity and temperature in the field were measured using a YSI 6600V2 sonde prior to collecting water for bottle incubations. For chl a, triplicate 305 ml samples were filtered onto GF/Fs (Whatman), flash-frozen (LN2), and kept at -80°C freezer until measurements were made 4 mo later. Chl a (and phaeopigment) was measured using a Turner Designs (model 10AU) fluorometer, using the standard extraction and acidification technique (Yentsch & Menzel 1963, Strickland & Parsons 1972). General term for a sensor that quantifies the rate at which fluids (e.g. water or air) pass through sensor packages, instruments, or sampling devices. A flow meter may be mechanical, optical, electromagnetic, etc. Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments. Also called a "light microscope".
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SAT阅读自然科学类文章的五大结构让你少读99遍 -智课
SAT阅读 > SAT阅读自然科学类文章的五大结构让你少读99遍
SAT阅读自然科学类文章的五大结构让你少读99遍
2018-02-09 来源：智课网321257
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COMPASSIONATE RELEASEforStanley G. Rothenberg We, the undersigned, ask the Bureau of Prisons to request Compassionate Release on the following grounds: First, it is fundamentally unfair to sentence a 64-year-old man to a life sentence in federal prison for talking dirty on the Internet. Second, the egregious state of medical care provided in prisons leads to suffering far out of proportion to the sentence. Third, there is overwhelming evidence that Mr. Rothenberg is not a danger to society and that he never actually intended to engage in sexual conduct with a child. Background Mr. Rothenberg has been an openly-gay man his entire life. At age 64, he was disabled by chronic back problems and chronic life-long anxiety, as well as a long-term dependence on prescription benzodiazepine drugs. After losing his life partner to AIDS, Mr. Rothenberg turned to Internet sex chat rooms for entertainment. He engaged in a number of conversations with many people in the chat rooms, including some as “private messages.” It was in the AOL Family Luv chat room that he encountered a police officer who posed as a father who “shared” his handicapped eleven-year-old daughter with “friends.” There was no child. Mr. Rothenberg has never had — and has never been charged with — any actual sexual contact with a minor. However, Mr. Rothenberg was in possession of child pornography, which he disclosed to police officers after his arrest and, in fact, told them where to locate the thumb drive holding the pictures. He had that in his possession in order to prove his bona fides. While some might doubt that claim, the very nature of the material on the thumb drive proves it. The pictures were of a wide range of ages, and of both male and female children. Anyone experienced with true pedophiles knows that they normally gravitate to specific genders and ages. This was clearly a collection meant to impress others rather than for personal use. The law, however, does not make that distinction, and Mr. Rothenberg accepts that and acknowledges that under current law, possessing those pictures was unlawful. Mr. Rothenberg accepted complete responsibility for possession of the material and entered a guilty plea. He was subsequently sentenced to 25 years in prison. The sentence for possession of the pictures was 10 years. Sentencing Mr. Rothenberg to a life sentence for “talking dirty on the Internet” is fundamentally unfair. There is no evidence that he ever even spoke to a child in a lascivious manner, much less touched one inappropriately. Not once. However, the court found a pattern of conduct based on his participation in the chat rooms. Furthermore, the police officer specifically created the imaginary child’s biography to invoke enhancements to the sentencing guidelines. If the victim is under the age of 12 or the victim is handicapped, the sentence is increased. A life sentence for a non-contact offense against a child who does not exist is fundamentally unjust. Mr. Rothenberg was a 64-year-old man with no history of criminal conduct — in fact, with a lifetime of public service, charity fundraising, and a successful business career. When he signed the Change of Plea form, Mr. Rothenberg was undergoing serious withdrawal from a lifetime use of prescription benzodiazepines. Numerous psychiatric records document that fact. There is no question that these medications were obtained legally, were not abused, and that his use was always monitored by a physician. Mr. Rothenberg poses no danger to society and experts unanimously agree he is not a pedophile. His sole true offense was possessing child pornography, a fact that he immediately admitted and even told the officers where to find it. The sentence for possessing those images would be ten years. Mr. Rothenberg has been in prison since 2008 and will not be released until 2033. Psychiatric reports indicate that the probability that he will “reoffend” is minimal and that he is not a pedophile. We respectfully ask the Court to grant Mr. Rothenberg a Compassionate Release.
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专题报道_新闻中心_足球亚洲杯买球网官网
申报“全国市政金杯示范工程”洋湖大道道路工程三、四标段施工及质量情况汇报材料建设单位：长沙先导城市建设投资有限足球亚洲杯买球网监理单位：长沙市城规工程建设监理有限足球亚洲杯买球网施工单位：足球亚洲杯买球网湖南长大建设足球亚洲杯买球网股份有限足球亚洲杯买球网湖南奉天建设足球亚洲杯买球网有限足球亚洲杯买球网湖南省绿林市政景观工程有限足球亚洲杯买球网二〇一四年十月一、工程概况洋湖大道位于长沙湘江新区（原长沙市先导区）洋湖…[点击详情]
热烈庆祝湖南足球亚洲杯买球网成立50周年
热烈庆祝湖南足球亚洲杯买球网成立50周年2012年元月一日，是一个令足球亚洲杯买球网人难忘的日子，中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理温家宝，在湖南省委书记周强、省长徐守盛的陪同下，视察足球亚洲杯买球网足球亚洲杯买球网。他来到井然有序的施工现场，看到整洁的宿舍、干净的食堂，总理露出了笑容。他深情地说：“没有你们的付出，城市不可能发展这么快，这么好。”这句语重心长的话，是对足球亚洲杯买球网足球亚洲杯买球网的肯定，也是给予高…[点击详情]
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My desire is to grapple together here over how well off we are with God through Christ, and to live from His opinion of us. Tuesday, March 08, 2011 Catch The Whompers The obsolete arrangement between God and man (the Old Covenant) was never Christian—not even close. Not even. If now we make any attempt to wed it to the new and current arrangement by our efforts, our hopes or our expectations of God, we’re binding ourselves to frustration and confusion. If frustration and confusion are whomping on your life just now, consider your covenant. Trying to have them both means you’ll enjoy neither, let alone God. It would be like trying to mate a horse and a car and hoping to get somewhere with it (worse than the picture, though the exhaust system would be awful). There is no fit. It's crazy. If you're going to actually enjoy and truly like God, you've got to pay attention and catch the whompers. (I’m bothered by what this has done to the sons and daughters of God in relation to “hope in the Lord,” so I’ll write more soon. And if you weren't aware, I've got a lot to say about all this in my just-released book. Find out more at: http://lifecourse.org/Ralphs_Book.html)
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近日，有网友翻出吴奇隆初恋的集团‘忧欢派对’团员忧忧，当年她顶着帅气短发，神似老婆刘诗诗。坚持“走出往”和“引出去”相结合，茂名不休提升对外开放程度。往年，共吸引国际外客商到茂名投资调查100多批次，新引进超千万元项目450个，深圳华裔城团体、新加坡鹏瑞利团体等行业领军企业落户茂名；丙烷脱氢家产链项目、益海嘉里粮油食品加工项目等优良家产项目结构滨海新区。
还有1些家长，是担忧孩子将来会不契合本人的等待，又或担忧孩子本人难以面对波折，为了不本人的绝望和孩子要面临的波折感，就提早做好方案和预备，才会觉得安心。但现实上，孩子在阅历波折和失败的进程中，会阅历很多，领会到愤恨、忧伤、自我疑心和恢复的进程，假如短少这个进程，那会形成看似孩子的生长很顺利，但实践上能够得到了熬炼抗挫力的时机。很兴奋在万象更新的时节应马塔雷拉总统约请，对意大利共和国停止国事拜候。2011年我曾在罗马列席“意大利一致150周年”庆典活动，2016年又过境撒丁岛。意大利将陈旧和古代、经典和创新相结合的生活方式和产业理念，给我留下了深入印象。行将再次踏上这个斑斓国度，见到热忱的意大利伴侣，我感到10分亲切。
将来随着智能芯片、5G技术、传感技术、物联网等技术的进1步开展，陈生强以为，会真正驱动万物互联，人类世界和物理世界互动所发生的数据量将以指数级的速度增长，与此同时，数据品种和数据维度也会变得更多、更复杂。人类已没法靠过来的经历往处置，所以只能借助人工智能往处置，往开掘其中的价值。在发掘数据价值进程中，人工智能将成为1个“需要条件”。记者理解到，近日白云国税打造征税人学堂晋级版，对空港经济区重点企业停止授课辅导，进1步开释营改增减负红利，发扬广州空港综合保税区政策上风，全力助推空港经济蓬勃开展。本次征税人学堂师资阵收留奢华，不但完成国税、地税、空港委强强结合，还引进税务师专业力气停止授课辅导。
就由于他们的美食心得分享，让更多人的发现了不曾吃到过的美食，感遭到了已经遗失的美妙，让更多的人发现了生活中隐躲的欣喜，发现美食给他们带往的高兴与幸福。届时，中国人民束缚军91650军队先锋舞蹈队、独唱队、小品队、武术队、街舞队，和广州市青年文明宫、广州市海珠区关工委、广州市海珠区少年宫等军民单位共同扮演节目，停止文艺联欢。
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Q: How do I stop IntelliJ searching for Incoming SVN Changes? My IntelliJ IDE (12.1.4) periodically searches for incoming changes in my connected SVN repositories. When I first installed IntelliJ these incoming changes weren't searched for automatically - if I remember correctly I had to click on the refresh button in the Incoming sub-tab within the Changes tab and set some options. I can't seem to know switch this off. Collecting information on changes seems to cause performance issues for me - maybe due to the remote location of the repository. Can't see any options in the system preferences, and clicking refresh, refreshes! In summary - does anyone know how to stop Intellij collecting information on SVN changes? A: Sure, like this: Go to the same place as where you turned the automatic refresh feature on (the version control pane, marked by 9: Changes, and then the Repository tab) Hit the red X to Clear the VCS history cache (note: this won't delete anything important!) Hit the first icon with 2 circular blue arrows to Refresh the history, and now untick Refresh changes every checkbox and hit OK The VCS history cache will be now refreshed once, but not periodically - refresh manually as needed. And you're done!
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英雄联盟官网竞猜活动,电竞外围啥意思,电竞竞猜用哪个app
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英雄联盟官网竞猜活动,电竞外围啥意思,电竞竞猜用哪个app 2019-10-19 01:29:58
电竞曝光外围，”去年11月访问老挝时，习近平对本扬说。这标志着这个于“十二五”期间启动、并历经8年筹备的国家重大科技基础设施项目正式开始进入集中安装阶段。 曾经的销量“担当”在北汽新能源庞大来广营店，法治周末记者看到，目前店内在售车型仅有EU260、EU400和EX360，预售EU5，大概1个月左右可以提车，并没有看到EC180和EC200的“身影”。我敬佩的演员们，赵丹、黄宗英、王文娟、白杨、刘琼、秦怡，都纷纷加入了中国共产党。
福田康夫是继村山富市、海部俊树、鸠山由纪夫之后，前往侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆参观的第四位日本前首相。应结合青年学生的思想特点和现实需求，既仰望星空又脚踏实地，既秉承传统又开拓创新，通过坚持不懈地思想引导，不断增强吸引力和凝聚力。 习近平总书记和乡亲们在空地上围坐一圈，首次提出“精准扶贫”――要建档立卡摸清每户致贫原因，不能“手榴弹炸跳蚤”，要下一番“绣花”功夫。针对“禁挂五星旗公投提案”，美丽岛电子报董事长吴子嘉表示，首先，他认为这样的公投提案，在“中选会”审核是否会通过，他持保留意见；其次，若真的举行公投、通过且真的“立法”，以后台湾要举办国际会议、国际赛事，若大陆队不能挂五星旗，难道要排除掉大陆。
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赵武建2019-10-19 01:29:58
彭亚芳2019-10-19 01:29:58
”，与此同时，中国也在扩大巴西和俄罗斯等国大豆的进口贸易。。6月26日上午，人民大会堂洋溢着青春的气息。。
姬壬臣2019-10-19 01:29:58
为何近期人民币汇率贬值明显？招商证券将人民币贬值原因总结为两个：一是，美元指数为代表的篮子货币汇率。，“我推测未来如果继续建造的话，应该会参照美国以核动力航母为蓝本发展下去。。6月26日，新京报记者从多位中国银行内部人士处获悉，当天上午中国银行召开全体大会，宣布中国进出口银行党委副书记、副董事长、行长出任中国银行行长一职。。
李欢2019-10-19 01:29:58
滁州某房企项目的实际阳台。，” “非常感谢习近平总书记的礼物，我非常喜欢。。其中2008年、2009年1月至6月虚增利润金额分别达到3736万元、2287万元，分别占当期公开披露利润的85%、109%。。
王祥利2019-10-19 01:29:58
《联合报》消息称，柯庆生还表示，他特别忧心2020年的两岸情势，担心台湾在军事方面没有做好充分准备，以遏阻中国大陆在2020年“可能以武力威迫台湾。，随着大众收入的持续提升与消费升级的不断普及，二手车已经成为越来越多人的购车选择。。一年来，“复兴号”动车组以其安全快捷，平稳舒适，高品质的运营服务赢得了广大旅客青睐，“复兴号”品牌形象深入人心，人民群众旅行获得感不断提升。。
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Q: Second quantization, creation and annihilation operators I found two notions of states for second quantization. One representation uses occupation numbers here, for example Another one creates the n+1 th particle in a collection of n existent states. see for instance here. Now, the problem is that in the first case the creation operator does $a_k^{\dagger} |N_1,N_2,..\rangle = \sqrt{N_k+1 } |N_1,N_2,..,N_{k}+1,..\rangle$ and in the latter case $a_k^{\dagger} |n\rangle = \sqrt{n+1 } |n+1 \rangle.$ So the action of this operator is very different depending on whether you write down the states in terms of their occupation number or whether you write them in terms of the ensemble of all the existing states. Unfortunately, I just don't get how these two pictures are related to each other. If anything is unclear, please let me know. A: @Xin Wang's last comment: In the first case you are simply, formally, looking at collection of k_max different, uncoupled oscillators. But you're only doing anything with the k'th one. k is an index in this case, nothing else but giving this specific oscillator a name. In the second case you only have one oscillator in your notation, so actually you don't need to give the annihilation operator an index, as it is implicitly fixed. It is acutally even clumsy, since you're not giving the corresponding occupation number variable n the same index. Your question may be a semantic issue, but since you're not doing anything with all other but the k'th oscillator, their particle number will be fixed during the operation. It's just a definition to count the 'total particle number' by adding up all n_m.
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福州永泰城区二环路有望明年1月全线通车www.9000700.com_主页
福州永泰城区二环路有望明年1月全线通车www.9000700.com
日前，铁东一级公路（黄石铁山至鄂州东沟）贯通（如图），标志着黄石至武汉快速路全线通车。该公路建成通车，大冶至武汉光谷只需40分钟，东风农场至大冶、黄石及武汉市区的车程均在半个小时之内。www.liubowen111.com松树的生长过程，
今日上午6：30，福州地铁1号线（一期）全线通车试运营仪式启动，首趟地铁正式发出，福州地铁1号线个小时，作为福州首条开通运营的轨道交通项目，标志着福州市乃至福建省正式迈入“地铁时代”。
福建省首条地铁——福州地铁1号线日开启全线号线贯穿福州南北中轴线万名市民第一次体验了福州自己的地铁。
福州永泰城区二环路有望明年1月全线通车,昨日上午，全市市政工程质量安全标准化现场观摩会在永泰县城区二环路古岸桥至马洋桥段道路工程施工现场举行，记者从观摩会上获悉，www.419567a.com，永泰城区二环路有望2020年1月全线通车。据了解，永泰城区二环路分两部分，分别是环城北路及仙佛路、樟树坂大桥连接线道路工程和古岸桥至马洋桥段道路。www.9000700.com，
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Q: Multiplying row in NumPy array by specific values based on another row I have the following list: ls = [[1,2,3], [3,4] , [5] , [7,8], [23], [90, 81]] This is my numpy array: array([[ 1, 0, 4, 3], [ 10, 100, 1000, 10000]]) I need to multiply the values in the second row of my array by the length of the list in ls which is at the index of the corresponding number in the first row: 10 * len(ls[1]) & 100 * len(ls[0]) etc.. The objective output would be this array: array([[ 1, 0, 4, 3], [ 20, 300, 1000, 20000]]) Any efficient way doing this? A: Use list comprehesion to find lengths and multiply it with 2nd row of array as: ls = [[1,2,3], [3,4] , [5] , [7,8]] arr = np.array([[ 1, 0, 2, 3], [ 10, 100, 1000, 10000]]) arr[1,:] = arr[1,:]*([len(l) for l in ls]) arr array([[ 1, 0, 2, 3], [ 30, 200, 1000, 20000]]) EDIT : arr[1,:] = arr[1,:]*([len(ls[l]) for l in arr[0,:]]) arr array([[ 1, 0, 2, 3], [ 20, 300, 1000, 20000]])
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尊龙注册送彩金:徐志摩孙女携全家从美国回浙江海宁寻根:我回家了
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尊龙注册送彩金:徐志摩孙女携全家从美国回浙江海宁寻根:我回家了 2019-10-18 04:12:47
尊龙注册官网， 为抢占在线职业教育市场，尚德机构2018年的营销费用达到亿元，较同期营收高出亿元。违反国家法律法规，利用职务上的便利为他人谋取利益，收受他人财物，涉嫌受贿犯罪;财产支出明显超过合法收入，差额巨大，不能说明来源，涉嫌巨额财产来源不明犯罪;滥用职权致使公共财产造成重大损失，涉嫌滥用职权犯罪。 小超市变成了快递驿站 昨日，记者在某大学内的一处快递驿站看到，不少学生在这里取快递，负责驿站管理的工作人员介绍说，学生们的快递特别多，以前这里是个小超市，现在超市的货架上已经全部变成学生存放快递的置物架。 ――2014年9月5日，在庆祝全国人民代表大会成立60周年大会上的讲话 人民立场是中国共产党的根本政治立场，是马克思主义政党区别于其他政党的显著标志。
互动体验的展出方式，也激发了孩子们对科学的兴趣。 据交警部门统计，当前西安机动车保有量已经突破350万辆，排名全国第8，并且还在快速增长，道路交通供需矛盾更趋尖锐，缓堵保畅形势更加严峻。（完） 权王军身为纪检监察机关党员领导干部，背弃党的宗旨，丧失理想信念，将党和人民赋予的权力演化为个人攫取私利、满足私欲、打击报复他人的工具，严重玷污了纪检监察干部形象，损害了纪检监察机关执纪执法公信力，且在党的十八大后不收敛、不收手，党的十九大之后，仍肆无忌惮、不知敬畏，其行为已构成严重违纪并涉嫌犯罪，影响极其恶劣，情节特别严重，应予严肃处理。
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张红娟2019-10-18 04:12:47
海军基地2019-10-18 04:12:47
据悉，今年6月28日，中国新农科建设宣言――《安吉共识》正式发布，拉开了中国新农科建设的序幕。， 握手楼、亲嘴楼林立，狭长的菜市场如同一条毛细血管连通整个社区。。 如需查阅更多回复，请点击 9月20日有回复：西安市住建局等单位答复11条网友留言 扫二维码进行留言 编辑：辛超来源：西部网-陕西新闻网。
宋公2019-10-18 04:12:47
此次在“国家粮仓”――东北地区开启“北大仓行动”，奏响了新农科建设的“第二部曲”。， 9月23日，省委常委、市委书记王浩利用一整天时间到西咸新区开展调研。。 现在，高三生已进入紧张的学习状态，无暇顾及招生考试的相关信息。。
清世宗胤�G2019-10-18 04:12:47
和我们的一样。，[摘要]2006年3月，任天堂推出了NDSLite掌机。。 此前该舰一号舰于今年上半年在沪东中华造船厂船台上“现身”，在船台上待了半年左右。。
郑僖公姬恽2019-10-18 04:12:47
权王军身为纪检监察机关党员领导干部，背弃党的宗旨，丧失理想信念，将党和人民赋予的权力演化为个人攫取私利、满足私欲、打击报复他人的工具，严重玷污了纪检监察干部形象，损害了纪检监察机关执纪执法公信力，且在党的十八大后不收敛、不收手，党的十九大之后，仍肆无忌惮、不知敬畏，其行为已构成严重违纪并涉嫌犯罪，影响极其恶劣，情节特别严重，应予严肃处理。，华为的这则预告视频向我们展现华为Mate30系列的夜摄成像能力，堪称夜视仪。。相比于初代NDS，NDSLite最大的改变在于轻量化的设计，这也是任天堂首次在产品线中引入“Lite”的概念。。
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Shortcuts Keyboard navigation in the search filter is done by using a combination of the TAB, ENTER, and ARROW keys. Start by pressing the TAB key to enter the filter module. Use the arrow keys to move between tabs. To select a desired tab, use the TAB key. Prime Minister's Office Ministry of Culture Ministry of Defence Ministry of Education and Research Ministry of Employment Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation Ministry of the Environment Ministry of Finance Ministry for Foreign Affairs Ministry of Health and Social Affairs Ministry of Justice Government Government Offices Select time period, enter the date using the format YYYY-MM-DD or select from the calendar that appears when you select the input field Reinstated border control at Sweden’s internal border The Government has decided to reinstate internal border control for three months. The decision is based on the Government’s assessment that there is still a threat to public policy and internal security. The Government today appointed 31 state secretaries at the Government Offices. Former state secretaries have been dismissed from their positions. Most of the state secretaries have previously held corresponding positions at the Government Offices. Government invests in space – Esrange to have testbed The Esrange Space Centre should remain a strategic resource for national and international research, and the Government and the Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) are therefore investing SEK 80 million in a new test facility at the centre in Kiruna. Decision on application from Nord Stream 2 AG The Government today granted permission for the delineation of the course proposed by Nord Stream 2 AG for the laying of two pipelines on the continental shelf in the Swedish Exclusive Economic zone in the Baltic Sea. Sweden and India agree to deepen their innovation cooperation Sweden and India today signed a joint innovation partnership to deepen the collaboration between the two countries and contribute to sustainable growth and new job opportunities. The partnership was signed in connection with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Stockholm. The Prime Minister, together with the EU Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker has invited to a social summit focusing on the promotion of Fair Jobs and growth, in Gothenburg on Friday 17 November. Heads of State and heads of Governments together with other EU-member ministers will be in place.
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原标题：美国正式创建太空军，吴心伯：意欲加强太空领域控制权，拉开与中俄差距[环球网报道记者侯佳欣]在21日举行的“世界之困 中国之治”2020环球时报年会上，复旦大学国际问题研究院院长吴心伯接受环球网记者采访时表示，美国正式设立太空军、发展太空力量，矛头首先指向俄罗斯，其次是中国。当地时间20日，美国总统特朗普签署2020财年国防授权法案，正式创建太空军。谈及此事时，吴心伯介绍称，美国太空力量很早就有，但是并未成立专门军种。此番安排表明美国有意加强在该领域的发展。吴心伯称，俄罗斯很早就开始发展太空力量，而中国虽然开始较晚，但发展非常迅猛。面对俄罗斯和中国在太空领域的发展，美国意欲通过建立太空军，加强太空领域的控制权，从而拉开与中俄的差距。除此之外，吴心伯还提到了针对特朗普的弹劾调查。谈及美众议院近日通过针对特朗普的两项弹劾条款时，吴心伯认为，民主党选择推进弹劾调查有自己的考量，一方面是为了动员民主党选民投票，另一方面是争取中间派选民的票数。弹劾调查预计可能在明年1、2月份有一个结果，但距离美国大选仍然有半年多，美国社会政治经济形势如何变化还不得而知。弹劾调查是否会影响特朗普在2020年大选中胜选连任？吴心伯表示，目前谈论这一问题还为时尚早。象棋赌钱游戏下载 原标题：美国正式创建太空军，吴心伯：意欲加强太空领域控制权，拉开与中俄差距[环球网报道记者侯佳欣]在21日举行的“世界之困 中国之治”2020环球时报年会上，复旦大学国际问题研究院院长吴心伯接受环球网记者采访时表示，美国正式设立太空军、发展太空力量，矛头首先指向俄罗斯，其次是中国。当地时间20日，美国总统特朗普签署2020财年国防授权法案，正式创建太空军。谈及此事时，吴心伯介绍称，美国太空力量很早就有，但是并未成立专门军种。此番安排表明美国有意加强在该领域的发展。吴心伯称，俄罗斯很早就开始发展太空力量，而中国虽然开始较晚，但发展非常迅猛。面对俄罗斯和中国在太空领域的发展，美国意欲通过建立太空军，加强太空领域的控制权，从而拉开与中俄的差距。除此之外，吴心伯还提到了针对特朗普的弹劾调查。谈及美众议院近日通过针对特朗普的两项弹劾条款时，吴心伯认为，民主党选择推进弹劾调查有自己的考量，一方面是为了动员民主党选民投票，另一方面是争取中间派选民的票数。弹劾调查预计可能在明年1、2月份有一个结果，但距离美国大选仍然有半年多，美国社会政治经济形势如何变化还不得而知。弹劾调查是否会影响特朗普在2020年大选中胜选连任？吴心伯表示，目前谈论这一问题还为时尚早。
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South Wayne Historic District South Wayne Historic District may refer to: South Wayne Historic District (Fort Wayne, Indiana), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Allen County, Indiana South Wayne Historic District (Wayne, Pennsylvania), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Delaware County, Pennsylvania
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【亿邦对接联盟】大清仓入驻规则（第179期）-思路网siilu.com
【亿邦对接联盟】大清仓入驻规则（第179期）
思路网 2020-05-12 15:06:09 大清仓 平台 对接
[思路网注] 3月5日，【亿邦商家对接联盟】大清仓招商活动圆满结束，本次活动邀请了平台招商负责人来给大家分享，并全面解析平台运营模式和入驻具体事宜，会员商家会在活动结束后，跟渠道方快速建立起线上联系。
3月5日，【亿邦商家对接联盟】大清仓招商活动圆满结束，本次活动邀请了平台招商负责人来给大家分享，并全面解析平台运营模式和入驻具体事宜，会员商家会在活动结束后，跟渠道方快速建立起线上联系，2020年，商家对接联盟将持续给会员提供高频、高质的渠道资源！
首先感谢大清仓平台方的高度配合和精彩分享，此次招商活动共吸引了将近100位会员商家参与，活动一结束，大家纷纷添加好友进行下一步的对接入驻，同时20多家会员暂时达成初步意向，恭喜以上会员。
德国柏林特国际有限公司 德国口服液
浙江太牛贸易有限公司 饮料
Kappa泳装旗舰店
全南县家美家纺有限公司 家居睡衣
航迅基业 双肩包
关于大清仓平台
大清仓成立于2019年，是一家帮助实体品牌快速清库存的公司，是企业回笼资金的加速器，大清仓的目标是成为全球领先的S2B2C库存商品供应链管理平台，为淘宝直播、网红、短视频、私域流量提供优质产品，目前已有5000+品牌选择入驻大清仓。
合作对象：正品低价产品，网红好货均可
服务费用：0佣金，现款现结
合作模式：平台代销，商家无需投入人力运营
招商类目：全品类，数码家电、配饰、卡券均可
去年【亿邦商家对接联盟】就曾组织过一场大清仓的线上招商，本次的大清仓返场活动依然火爆。最大的原因在于大清仓是一家帮助实体品牌快速清理库存、回笼资金的平台，并且平台入驻0佣金，现款现结，无需自己运营，平台会配备专员上架所有商品，是疫情当下企业首选平台。大清仓除了线上渠道的推广，还通过组织线下特卖会帮助商家清仓处理，同时支持线下样品展示，线上APP下单，是集线上+线下全渠道运营的平台，亿邦预祝商家联盟会员在大清仓热卖！
本周活动已全部结束，下周对接活动安排是周二（3.10）洋码头 、周三（3.11）国铁商城、周四（3.12） 十荟团，欢迎感兴趣的商家扫码咨询！
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Managing hepatitis B coinfection in HIV-infected patients. Since viral hepatitis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV, it is critical to recognize and treat these patients appropriately. Hepatitis B infection is particularly difficult to manage as it changes with shifts in immune status. Inactive infection may flare up with restoration of CD4 cell count. In addition, many drugs used to treat HIV are also active against hepatitis B. Thus, patients may require therapy for both diseases or only for hepatitis B. The practicing physician must be aware of which drug to use with antiretrovirals and which can be used for hepatitis B alone. Current therapies for HIV that have hepatitis B activity include lamivudine, emtricitabine, and tenofovir. Therapies for hepatitis B without HIV activity are adefovir and entecavir. The major advances in the past year include emerging data on epidemiology, occult infection, genotypes, and newer therapies. Long-term management of hepatitis B includes monitoring for hepatocellular carcinoma. Two recent consensus conferences have provided excellent reviews of management of coinfection .
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申雨鹭-澳门新濠天地官网-酷我音乐-好音质用酷我
申雨鹭，英文名：Gill Shen，从小海淀大院儿长大，自幼学习小提琴，大学毕业于首都师范大学计算机系，2018年发行了自己的原创单曲《时光奖赏》等，作为新生代澳门新濠天地官网，申雨鹭的声音极具辨识度，从而虏获了一众乐迷的心。
中文名：申雨鹭
代表作：《时光奖赏》《继续追继续飞》
2018年7月发行单曲《时光奖赏》
2018年10月发行单曲《幸福简单》
2018年12月发行单曲《缘飞》
2019年1月24日发行单曲《少年心》
2019年4月2日发行最新单曲《继续追继续飞》
继续追继续飞 2019-04-02
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/* Generated by RuntimeBrowser Image: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/AppleServiceToolkit.framework/AppleServiceToolkit */ @interface ASTMaterializedConnectionManager : NSObject <ASTConnectionManager, ASTConnectionStatusDelegate> { <ASTConnectionManagerDelegate> * _delegate; ASTIdentity * _identity; ASTNetworking * _networking; NSString * _sessionId; } @property (readonly, copy) NSString *debugDescription; @property (nonatomic) <ASTConnectionManagerDelegate> *delegate; @property (readonly, copy) NSString *description; @property (readonly) unsigned long long hash; @property (nonatomic, retain) ASTIdentity *identity; @property (nonatomic, retain) ASTNetworking *networking; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *sessionId; @property (readonly) Class superclass; - (void).cxx_destruct; - (void)cancelAllTestResults; - (void)connection:(id)arg1 connectionStateChanged:(long long)arg2; - (void)connection:(id)arg1 didSendBodyData:(long long)arg2 totalBytesSent:(long long)arg3 totalBytesExpected:(long long)arg4; - (void)dealloc; - (id)delegate; - (void)downloadAsset:(id)arg1 destinationFileHandle:(id)arg2 allowsCellularAccess:(bool)arg3 completion:(id /* block */)arg4; - (id)identity; - (id)init; - (id)initWithSOCKSProxyServer:(id)arg1 port:(id)arg2; - (id)networking; - (bool)postAuthInfo:(id)arg1 allowsCellularAccess:(bool)arg2; - (id)postEnrollAllowingCellularAccess:(bool)arg1; - (bool)postProfile:(id)arg1 allowsCellularAccess:(bool)arg2; - (id)postRequest:(id)arg1 allowsCellularAccess:(bool)arg2; - (void)postSealableFile:(id)arg1 fileSequence:(id)arg2 totalFiles:(id)arg3 testId:(id)arg4 dataId:(id)arg5 allowsCellularAccess:(bool)arg6 completion:(id /* block */)arg7; - (void)postSessionExistsForIdentities:(id)arg1 ticket:(id)arg2 timeout:(double)arg3 allowsCellularAccess:(bool)arg4 completion:(id /* block */)arg5; - (void)postTestResult:(id)arg1 allowsCellularAccess:(bool)arg2 completion:(id /* block */)arg3; - (id)sessionId; - (void)setDelegate:(id)arg1; - (void)setIdentity:(id)arg1; - (void)setNetworking:(id)arg1; - (void)setSessionId:(id)arg1; @end
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亚未 NONSTOP 10
Books, Movies & StationeryStationerySchool & CollegeBooksChinese Books马来西亚出版品文学小说商业理财艺术设计人文史地社会科学自然科普心理励志医疗保健饮食生活风格旅游宗教命理亲子教养童书/青少年文学轻小说漫画奇幻/魔法科幻/机战动作冒险恋爱故事悬疑推理灵异/神怪历史/战役职场/社会写实运动/竞技其他类型欧美漫画合集/同人志语言学习电脑资讯OthersEnglish BooksMalay BooksIndonesia BooksMagazinesMusicMovies 亚未 NONSTOP 10
9861563997
ISBN: 9861563997出版日期: 2006-02-20作者： 北川美幸译者： 红烧茄子装订： 平装.单色印刷.0页. 望与亚未公开恋情，引起了一阵轩然大波！但是他们真心相爱的心意始终坚定，因此终于获得歌迷们的认同。可是经纪公司却想利用这个消息让亚未获得白金唱片大奖。发现真相的亚未大受打击，偏偏此时望的旧识──三贵芹夏又突然来到日本!?美丽少女为爱勇闯演艺界，第10弹热闹登场！
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsd:schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:javaee="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" version="2.3"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER. Copyright (c) 2009-2013 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The contents of this file are subject to the terms of either the GNU General Public License Version 2 only ("GPL") or the Common Development and Distribution License("CDDL") (collectively, the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy of the License at https://glassfish.dev.java.net/public/CDDL+GPL_1_1.html or packager/legal/LICENSE.txt. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. When distributing the software, include this License Header Notice in each file and include the License file at packager/legal/LICENSE.txt. GPL Classpath Exception: Oracle designates this particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided by Oracle in the GPL Version 2 section of the License file that accompanied this code. Modifications: If applicable, add the following below the License Header, with the fields enclosed by brackets [] replaced by your own identifying information: "Portions Copyright [year] [name of copyright owner]" Contributor(s): If you wish your version of this file to be governed by only the CDDL or only the GPL Version 2, indicate your decision by adding "[Contributor] elects to include this software in this distribution under the [CDDL or GPL Version 2] license." If you don't indicate a single choice of license, a recipient has the option to distribute your version of this file under either the CDDL, the GPL Version 2 or to extend the choice of license to its licensees as provided above. However, if you add GPL Version 2 code and therefore, elected the GPL Version 2 license, then the option applies only if the new code is made subject to such option by the copyright holder. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The Apache Software Foundation elects to include this software under the CDDL license. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This is the XML Schema for the JSP 2.3 deployment descriptor types. The JSP 2.3 schema contains all the special structures and datatypes that are necessary to use JSP files from a web application. The contents of this schema is used by the web-common_3_1.xsd file to define JSP specific content. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The following conventions apply to all Java EE deployment descriptor elements unless indicated otherwise. - In elements that specify a pathname to a file within the same JAR file, relative filenames (i.e., those not starting with "/") are considered relative to the root of the JAR file's namespace. Absolute filenames (i.e., those starting with "/") also specify names in the root of the JAR file's namespace. In general, relative names are preferred. The exception is .war files where absolute names are preferred for consistency with the Servlet API. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:include schemaLocation="javaee_7.xsd"/> <!-- **************************************************** --> <xsd:complexType name="jsp-configType"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The jsp-configType is used to provide global configuration information for the JSP files in a web application. It has two subelements, taglib and jsp-property-group. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="taglib" type="javaee:taglibType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xsd:element name="jsp-property-group" type="javaee:jsp-property-groupType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:ID"/> </xsd:complexType> <!-- **************************************************** --> <xsd:complexType name="jsp-fileType"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The jsp-file element contains the full path to a JSP file within the web application beginning with a `/'. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:simpleContent> <xsd:restriction base="javaee:pathType"/> </xsd:simpleContent> </xsd:complexType> <!-- **************************************************** --> <xsd:complexType name="jsp-property-groupType"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The jsp-property-groupType is used to group a number of files so they can be given global property information. All files so described are deemed to be JSP files. The following additional properties can be described: - Control whether EL is ignored. - Control whether scripting elements are invalid. - Indicate pageEncoding information. - Indicate that a resource is a JSP document (XML). - Prelude and Coda automatic includes. - Control whether the character sequence #{ is allowed when used as a String literal. - Control whether template text containing only whitespaces must be removed from the response output. - Indicate the default contentType information. - Indicate the default buffering model for JspWriter - Control whether error should be raised for the use of undeclared namespaces in a JSP page. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:group ref="javaee:descriptionGroup"/> <xsd:element name="url-pattern" type="javaee:url-patternType" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xsd:element name="el-ignored" type="javaee:true-falseType" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> Can be used to easily set the isELIgnored property of a group of JSP pages. By default, the EL evaluation is enabled for Web Applications using a Servlet 2.4 or greater web.xml, and disabled otherwise. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="page-encoding" type="javaee:string" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The valid values of page-encoding are those of the pageEncoding page directive. It is a translation-time error to name different encodings in the pageEncoding attribute of the page directive of a JSP page and in a JSP configuration element matching the page. It is also a translation-time error to name different encodings in the prolog or text declaration of a document in XML syntax and in a JSP configuration element matching the document. It is legal to name the same encoding through multiple mechanisms. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="scripting-invalid" type="javaee:true-falseType" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> Can be used to easily disable scripting in a group of JSP pages. By default, scripting is enabled. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="is-xml" type="javaee:true-falseType" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> If true, denotes that the group of resources that match the URL pattern are JSP documents, and thus must be interpreted as XML documents. If false, the resources are assumed to not be JSP documents, unless there is another property group that indicates otherwise. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="include-prelude" type="javaee:pathType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The include-prelude element is a context-relative path that must correspond to an element in the Web Application. When the element is present, the given path will be automatically included (as in an include directive) at the beginning of each JSP page in this jsp-property-group. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="include-coda" type="javaee:pathType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The include-coda element is a context-relative path that must correspond to an element in the Web Application. When the element is present, the given path will be automatically included (as in an include directive) at the end of each JSP page in this jsp-property-group. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="deferred-syntax-allowed-as-literal" type="javaee:true-falseType" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The character sequence #{ is reserved for EL expressions. Consequently, a translation error occurs if the #{ character sequence is used as a String literal, unless this element is enabled (true). Disabled (false) by default. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="trim-directive-whitespaces" type="javaee:true-falseType" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> Indicates that template text containing only whitespaces must be removed from the response output. It has no effect on JSP documents (XML syntax). Disabled (false) by default. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="default-content-type" type="javaee:string" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The valid values of default-content-type are those of the contentType page directive. It specifies the default response contentType if the page directive does not include a contentType attribute. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="buffer" type="javaee:string" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The valid values of buffer are those of the buffer page directive. It specifies if buffering should be used for the output to response, and if so, the size of the buffer to use. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="error-on-undeclared-namespace" type="javaee:true-falseType" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The default behavior when a tag with unknown namespace is used in a JSP page (regular syntax) is to silently ignore it. If set to true, then an error must be raised during the translation time when an undeclared tag is used in a JSP page. Disabled (false) by default. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:ID"/> </xsd:complexType> <!-- **************************************************** --> <xsd:complexType name="taglibType"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> The taglibType defines the syntax for declaring in the deployment descriptor that a tag library is available to the application. This can be done to override implicit map entries from TLD files and from the container. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="taglib-uri" type="javaee:string"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> A taglib-uri element describes a URI identifying a tag library used in the web application. The body of the taglib-uri element may be either an absolute URI specification, or a relative URI. There should be no entries in web.xml with the same taglib-uri value. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="taglib-location" type="javaee:pathType"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> the taglib-location element contains the location (as a resource relative to the root of the web application) where to find the Tag Library Description file for the tag library. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:ID"/> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:schema>
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焦化厂除尘器厂家-门头沟奥联华除尘环保设备工程中心
2018-11-09 点击次数：33342次
河北宝鼎环保设备有限公司
河北九正通明污染防治还有硬仗要打
浙江木工除尘器质量可靠
振动筛除尘器哪种好
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In the UK, a charity that houses unwanted horses says it is being inundated with calls from equestrians who can no longer afford to keep their horses. The Horse Trust has received 640 requests to retire horses in the past month. Mark Worthington reports: Far from the city, an empty paddock and nothing but memories. After 15 years Shelagh Ball was forced to say goodbye to her beloved horse. This is what happens when the downturn starts to bite. SHELAGH BALL:The reason I've had to give up Fred is economics. Solely and purely economics. And the effect it's had on me is devastating. I mean I… just heartbreaking. I love that horse and if I could afford to keep him, I would for the rest of his life. But I can't. Shelagh isn't alone. Horse charities say record numbers are struggling to pay the bills. First came huge rises in costs - the price of feed doubled. Now there is less money around to pay for it all, and that's hitting businesses too. Garron Baines had already given up one horse through sickness. Now he's shutting down his horse-trekking company, meaning six more need new homes. GARRON BAINES:The horse business, or the horse leisure riding has fallen off the cliff in the last few weeks as people have looked at their household budgets and decided that it's too expensive to go horse-riding. And at the same time costs have been mounting significantly over the last year. It all means more work for those who care for unwanted animals. But charities fear this is only the beginning and that donations may begin to dry up just as huge numbers of horses need their help.
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1.1本招标项目遂宁市农村公路路网建设项目（一期）（蓬溪段）D6两条道路已由遂宁市发展和改革委?#34987;?#20197;遂发改〔2016〕258号文批准建设，项目业主为遂宁市农村公路路网建设有限公司，建设资金来自银行贷款、业主自筹。项目出资比例为/。招标人为遂宁市农村公路路网建设有限公司。项目已具备招标条件，现对该项目的施工进行公开招标。
1.2 本招标项目为四川省行政区域内的国家投资工程建设项目，遂宁市发展和改革委?#34987;?#26680;准（招标事项核准文号为遂发改〔2016〕258号）的招标组织形式为委托招标。招标人选择（本招标项目在省发改委指定比选网站上的项目编号为 PF20161024010 ）的招标代理机构是鑫标点工程管理有限公司。
2.3建设内容及规模：高坪倒流溪村至荷叶公路道路全长约12.694公里。四级路标准，设计路基宽度为6.5m,路面宽度为6.0m,路面类型为沥青混凝土路面，全线新建涵洞34座、现状桥梁3座，无新建桥梁、立交。明吉路明月至回水段路面改造工程道路全长约8.469公里，四级路标准，设计路基宽度为6.5m,路面宽度为6.0m,路面类型为沥青混凝土路面，全线新建钢筋砼涵管长86m。明吉路明月至回水段路面改造工程（支线）道路全长6.342公里，本项目为既有旧路拓宽改造，本次设计道路采用四级路标准，路基宽度为6.5m,路面宽度为6.0m,路面类型为沥青混凝土路面；新建1-Φ1.0m钢筋砼圆管涵，涵长100m；1-Φ1.5m钢筋砼圆管涵，涵长19m；新建1-2.0*2.0m钢筋混凝土?#21069;?#28085;，涵长9.75m。
2.4计划工期： 360日历天，缺陷责任期:24个月。 2.5招标?#27573;В?#26045;工招标，详细内容最终以施工图文件及工程量清单为准。
3.1本次招标要求投标人须具备住房和城乡建设部颁发的公路工程施工总承包三级及以上?#25163;剩?#19988;注册资本金不得小于1546万元。 投标人应已纳入交通运输部“全国公路建设市场信用信息管理系统”中的公路工程施工?#25163;?#20225;业名录，且投标人名称和?#25163;?#19982;该名录中的相应企业名称和?#25163;?#23436;全一致。 近五年已独立完成1个及以上的类似项目?#23548;ǎ?#24182;在人员、设备、资金等方面具有相应的施工能力。 类似项目是指：单个合同金额不低于本次招标最高限价的公路新（改）建工程施工?#23548;ā?类似项目?#23548;?#24212;进入交通运输部“全国公路建设市场信用信息管理系统（http：//glxy.mot.gov.cn）”中的公路工程项目名录，如系统中截图不能完整反映项目的具体内容，招标人应附中标通知书、合同协议书、交工验收证书等资?#29616;?#26126;项目的具体内容。
4.1凡满足资格条件有意参加的投标者，请于2019年 4 月 5 日00:00时至2019年 4月10日23：59时（?#26412;?#26102;间，下同），在全国公共资源交易平台（四川省·遂宁市）（http://jyzx.suining.gov.cn）凭注册帐号和密码获取招标文件及其它招标资料，招标人不提供其他任何报名和招标文件获取的方式。
5.1投标文件送交的截止时间为2019年 4 月 26 日上午10:00时(?#26412;?#26102;间)，投标人必须将按要求密封完好的投标文件以现场递交方式送达至遂宁市公共资源交易服务中?#27169;?#36930;州北路169号市政务中心七楼）本项目开标室。
7.联系方式 招标人：遂宁市农村公路路网建设有限公司招标代理机构：鑫标点工程管理有限公司 地址：遂宁市船山区中国现代西部物流港兴安路地址：成都市金牛区育?#26102;?#36335;11号1栋1单元18层1号 ?#26102;啵?29000 ?#26102;啵?10036 联系人：何先生 联系人：陈女士 电话：0825－5888336 电话：028-87573791 传真：0825－5888336 传真：028-87573791
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Apr 26, 2012; Eden Prairie, MN, USA; Minnesota Vikings general manager Rick Spielman talks with the media after the introduction of the 2013 1st round draft picks at Winter Park. Mandatory Credit: Bruce Kluckhohn-USA TODAY Sports Veteran scribes Sid Hartman and Peter King are on the same page on this one. When the Vikings’ turn comes to draft on the evening of May 8, the selection will be anything but a quarterback. Rick Spielman has spoken to both King and Hartman, and apparently convinced each man that the plan is to go BPA at 8 and take a quarterback later. “While there is much speculation that the Vikings will select a quarterback with the No. 8 overall pick in the NFL draft, General Manager Rick Spielman made it clear that he won’t draft a QB with the pick because he said they will take the best player on the board with their first selection, and there is no reason to believe that a quarterback will be the best player on the board,” Hartman said in a Sunday column. The estimable Mr. Hartman quoted Spielman explaining why the Vikings would do well to pass on a QB this year and address other needs. “There are some very good defensive players, some very good receivers in this draft, some good offensive linemen,” Spielman said. “There’s some significant linebackers that can play not only standing up but also help you rush the passer as well. I think we’re going to have a lot of options at 8, but we’re also going to potentially look to move out of that pick as well.” Peter King’s MMQB segment on Spielman included similar quotes. “That’s a big reason why we made it a high priority to sign Matt Cassel back. Every one of these quarterbacks … nothing is a sure thing,” Spielman told King. “There’s no Andrew Luck, no Peyton Manning. It is such a mixed bag with each player—every one of them has positives, every one of them has negatives. And if that’s the way you end up feeling, why don’t you just wait till later in the draft, and take someone with the first pick you’re sure will help you right now?” In the same piece, King pointed out that the Vikings will have a minicamp days before the draft, and indicated that Minnesota will use that minicamp to get a read on where Matt Cassel and Christian Ponder both are. The implication being that the Vikings could still elect to draft a quarterback at 8, if they become convinced that their present QBs aren’t good enough. Despite Spielman leaving the door open on taking a QB at 8 if their on-roster QBs stink enough, King told a Twin Cities media personality that he thinks he thinks he knows the Vikings will go away from QB at 8. In a tweet to Meatsauce responding to a question about what the Vikings will do at 8 King said, “Not a quarterback. They want a sure thing.” Straight from the keyboard of King and the quill pen of Sid Hartman. No quarterback for the Vikings at 8 this year. So Johnny Manziel, Blake Bortles, Teddy Bridgewater, any other quarterbacks who think they have a chance of being taken #8 overall? You can cancel that order for purple apparel, you can call off that Twin Cities area house search, you can delete all those sweet Minneapolis honies from your phone. Minnesota ain’t gonna happen for you. Memo to any teams expecting the Vikings to take a QB at 8? Listen to Sid Hartman and Peter King. It’s not going to happen. So submit your Ha Ha Clinton-Dix/Aaron Donald/C.J. Mosley/Jake Matthews/Odell Beckham-related trade proposals now. Like The Viking Age on Facebook. Follow TVA on Twitter. Subscribe to the Fansided Daily Newsletter. Sports news all up in your inbox.
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Foster + Partners revealed its initial design of The One, Mizrahi Developments’ 860,300-square-foot skyscraper project in Toronto, in 2015 and now the architectural firm’s final vision is about to take shape—literally. Mizrahi recently broke ground on the 85-story mixed-use tower, which, at approximately 1,004 feet (or 306 meters) tall, will take on the title of the tallest building in Canada. Sited at the high-profile intersection of Yonge and Bloor streets, The One will act as a link of sorts between downtown Toronto and the trendy Yorkville district. Foster has produced a cutting-edge design that fits right into the established neighborhood. “The project creates a new anchor for high-end retail along Bloor Street West, while respecting the urban scale of Yonge Street. The design is respectful of the legacy of the William Luke Buildings, and incorporates the historic 19th century brick structures within the larger development,” Giles Robinson, senior partner at Foster + Partners, said in a prepared statement. Rendering of The One in Toronto The One will feature several levels of retail and restaurant space topped by approximately 420 luxury condominium residences, with the building’s distinctive façade offering indication of where the commercial portion of the structure ends and the residential segment begins. Additionally, as noted in an article by The Globe and Mail, the final design also features a 175-key hotel. CORE Architects is the collaborating architect on The One. The development is scheduled to reach completion in 2022. In the meantime, Foster’s projects continue to change skylines across the globe. Sky-high endeavors The attention that will accompany The One’s soaring height will be familiar territory for Foster. The firm designed MOL Campus in Budapest, Hungary, an 893,000-square-foot, 400-foot-tall high-rise project that will serve as oil and gas company MOL Group’s new global office headquarters in Budapest and carry the distinction of being the tallest building in the city. And at the mixed-use development Varso Place in downtown Warsaw, Poland, Foster is the visionary behind the 1,018-foot-tall Verso Tower, which will be the tallest office building in Central and Eastern Europe. Tall buildings, those exceeding 200 meters (656 feet), are on the rise around the world. A total of 128 such structures delivered in 2016, marking a new annual record and bringing the total number of existing tall buildings to 1,168, a whopping 441 percent increase from the year 2000, according to a report by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Ten supertall buildings, which are 300 meters (984 feet) or greater in height, came online in 2016. And as for the title of the tallest, 18 finished buildings became the tallest in a city, country or region in 2016.
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// Testing Authentication API Routes // 🐨 import the things you'll need // 💰 here, I'll just give them to you. You're welcome // import axios from 'axios' // import {resetDb} from 'utils/db-utils' // import * as generate from 'utils/generate' // import startServer from '../start' // 🐨 you'll need to start/stop the server using beforeAll and afterAll // 💰 This might be helpful: server = await startServer({port: 8000}) // 🐨 beforeEach test in this file we want to reset the database test('auth flow', async () => { // 🐨 get a username and password from generate.loginForm() // // register // 🐨 use axios.post to post the username and password to the registration endpoint // 💰 http://localhost:8000/api/auth/register // // 🐨 assert that the result you get back is correct // 💰 it'll have an id and a token that will be random every time. // You can either only check that `result.data.user.username` is correct, or // for a little extra credit 💯 you can try using `expect.any(String)` // (an asymmetric matcher) with toEqual. // 📜 https://jestjs.io/docs/en/expect#expectanyconstructor // 📜 https://jestjs.io/docs/en/expect#toequalvalue // // login // 🐨 use axios.post to post the username and password again, but to the login endpoint // 💰 http://localhost:8000/api/auth/login // // 🐨 assert that the result you get back is correct // 💰 tip: the data you get back is exactly the same as the data you get back // from the registration call, so this can be done really easily by comparing // the data of those results with toEqual // // authenticated request // 🐨 use axios.get(url, config) to GET the user's information // 💰 http://localhost:8000/api/auth/me // 💰 This request must be authenticated via the Authorization header which // you can add to the config object: {headers: {Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`}} // Remember that you have the token from the registration and login requests. // // 🐨 assert that the result you get back is correct // 💰 (again, this should be the same data you get back in the other requests, // so you can compare it with that). })
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《锋味》关于Jaejung-bong第一次婚姻的故事，听到塞西莉亚的尴尬判决_成都亚游最新网站机械
首页 > 列表 > 《锋味》关于Jaejung-bong第一次婚姻的故事，听到塞西莉亚的尴尬判决
这张照片分为两部分。从左到右有三个不同高度的人。在图片中，我们可以看到三个人在观看比赛，所有人都在一边打球。广场上的方块似乎很公平但实际上不公平。由于肾脏的差异，最右边的孩子看不到任何东西，而中间的孩子只能谈论它。最幸福的孩子就是左边的孩子。我看到了。图三个孩子，另一个起点的另一项权利，如在长框的左侧请勿踩踏，在对两个盒子盒子一步的中期阶段最右边看起来可能，因为这一幕，很公平确实不公平，但他们的头部高度都是平的，所以你可以看到所有的比赛。考虑到这一点，大多数场景都不公平，因为大部分资源都是给予孩子正确的，拥有最大，最左边的支持资源。
虽然谈论的糖果皮肤李元芳在爱黑猫的，你一定很喜欢的球员土井皮肤，但他并没有在四月点至60点限时秒杀优惠券从线路返回到今年的领域预计喜欢糖果的李元芳对这款黑色皮肤的活动，有些玩家也有几十件只能接受！
据报道，光州至深圳城际铁路的静态接收从5月持续到6月底。开始7月1日，在广州的专业检查工作的顺利开展 - 东莞 - 当您启动深城际铁路的试运行是正式调查的联邦调查局（FBI），预计当天全国放假又翻开了新的会计年度前。
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/* * Copyright (C) 2012 Open Source Robotics Foundation * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. * */ #include "gazebo/transport/CallbackHelper.hh" using namespace gazebo; using namespace transport; unsigned int CallbackHelper::idCounter = 0; ///////////////////////////////////////////////// CallbackHelper::CallbackHelper(bool _latching) : latching(_latching), id(idCounter++) { } ///////////////////////////////////////////////// CallbackHelper::~CallbackHelper() { } ///////////////////////////////////////////////// std::string CallbackHelper::GetMsgType() const { return std::string(); } ///////////////////////////////////////////////// bool CallbackHelper::GetLatching() const { std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->latchingMutex); return this->latching; } ///////////////////////////////////////////////// void CallbackHelper::SetLatching(bool _latch) { std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->latchingMutex); this->latching = _latch; } ///////////////////////////////////////////////// unsigned int CallbackHelper::GetId() const { return this->id; }
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您的当前位置： www.108bfd.cn > 糖果派对2倍数
糖果派对2倍数原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。
原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。威澳门尼斯人65959 原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。
原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。糖果派对2倍数原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。
原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。糖果派对2倍数原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。
原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。糖果派对2倍数原标题：张亚中：两岸应该谈从结束敌对到统一前的工作台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中发言 现场图[环球时报-环球网报道记者张丽媛]12月21日，在《环球时报》2020年年会议题二“两岸大势：2020统一关键节点？”中，台湾大学政治学系教授张亚中认为，两岸应该谈一些结束敌对到统一前的工作。张亚中表示，“武统”是选择，但他担心美国把台湾当成中美关系的“武器”。他说，美国战略家不惜鼓动台湾跟大陆发生冲突，让台湾成为阿富汗，对美国来讲牺牲台湾有什么关系，但如果这样，中国就恰恰掉进美国的战略陷阱，他不希望这样的事发生。张亚中说，他希望大家多思考一下统一前的工作，他希望大陆要有一个大论述。因为直接从敌对马上调到统一后，跨越太大了，跨越过程当中，台湾老百姓没办法跟大陆沟通。因此两岸要共同建筑统一大架构，再缩小。
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Dr. Stranger” Park Hae Jin And Kang So Ra’s Hearts Do Not Align People who have loved realize how hard it is to have a mutual love. This is true for those in a one sided love and that which is mutual. He has the background and the looks but because he couldn’t love on his own, he made viewers cry. In the drama, Han Jae Joon plays the role of a person whose father dies in a medical malpractice incident and is determined to ruin Myungwoo University Hospital. Despite the fact that he has a fancy background of being the assistant professor of Harvard University, he becomes the head of Myungwoo University and commits to a love with Oh Soo Hyun. This was all a process to gain revenge and even from the very beginning of the drama, Han Jae Joon looked at Oh Soo Hyun in a cold way. He looked sincere when he was in front of her but Oh Soo Hyun couldn’t see his eyes, he was in a state where he would show his own ambitions. Nonetheless, his heart was lost to Oh Soo Hyun after a while. He said that it wasn’t love but in the end the princess was more than just a tool for the destruction of the castle. Jong Suk that was born in South Korea but raised in North Korea and his conflict against the most elite doctor of Korea, Park Hae Jin. The two of them face the greatest conspiracy in a medical drama and fusion drama. It is broadcast every Monday and Tuesday at 10PM.
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棋牌够级你必须知道的“保命”必修课，来新浪理财大学，听吴丹（金麒麟分析师）讲《行业投资精品课·医药》，带你学懂行业投资
北京发布2019年全年经济运行情况发布。初步核算，2019年全市地区生产总值为35371.3亿元，比上年增长6.1%。总体经济实现年度预期目标。居民收入增长快于GDP，全市居民人均可支配收入实际增长6.3%，快于GDP增速0.2个百分点。有分析认为，2019年北京经济保持了平稳运行的发展态势，高质量发展提升了经济“含金量”。伦敦基本金属涨跌不一，LME期铜跌0.11%，LME期锌涨0.56%，LME期镍涨0.83%，LME期铝涨0.58%，LME期锡涨0.2%，LME期铅跌0.48%。
可是，近年科技、产品的进化迭代还是难以让用户普遍有感。不然，《2019，中国互联网让人失望的一年》这类文章也不会火遍网络。英国《金融时报》也连续发表文章指出：“新经济公司因为太多‘无效创新’而陷入瓶颈。”棋牌够级针对澎湃新闻（www.thepaper.cn）此前报道的“国家文物局暂不同意郑州商代遗址控制带内小学扩建项目”一事，郑州市管城区有关部门1月20日向澎湃新闻表示，下一步完成考古发掘后，会根据结果调整方案，再报国家文物局审批。
现时，恒生指数报28129，跌666点或2.31%；恒生国指报11065，跌265点或2.35%；主板成交770.7亿元。家长向学习机索赔2019年上半年，人保集团总投资收益239.48亿元，同比增长11.3%；净投资收益225.01亿元，同比下降0.7%；年化总投资收益率为5.4%，同比上升0.3个百分点；年化净投资收益率为5.1%，同比下降0.3个百分点。
“晚上好，有什么可以帮到您的？”“不好意思，其实我的英语不太好。你知道汤姆和杰瑞吧？”前台工作人员听罢愣住了，随后立即回答：“知道，这是一部动画片。”见对方知道自己在说什么后，该男子终于说出了重点：“对，现在杰瑞在我的房间里。”李近朱说两人经常在赶路期间聊业务，赵忠祥始终坚持一个关于主持的观点“主持人要真主持”：“播音的时候他说自己不是主持人，是念稿子的播音员，如果做主持人就要有自己的思想、语言、形象，来表达创作的主题。”
棋牌够级 良知良能 佹得佹失 乘时乘势 捻神捻鬼
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Shader "Hidden/BrightPassFilter2" { Properties { _MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "" {} } CGINCLUDE #include "UnityCG.cginc" struct v2f { float4 pos : SV_POSITION; float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; }; sampler2D _MainTex; half4 _MainTex_ST; half4 _Threshhold; v2f vert( appdata_img v ) { v2f o; o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex); o.uv = UnityStereoScreenSpaceUVAdjust(v.texcoord.xy, _MainTex_ST); return o; } half4 fragScalarThresh(v2f i) : SV_Target { half4 color = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv); color.rgb = color.rgb; color.rgb = max(half3(0,0,0), color.rgb-_Threshhold.xxx); return color; } half4 fragColorThresh(v2f i) : SV_Target { half4 color = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv); color.rgb = max(half3(0,0,0), color.rgb-_Threshhold.rgb); return color; } ENDCG Subshader { Pass { ZTest Always Cull Off ZWrite Off CGPROGRAM #pragma vertex vert #pragma fragment fragScalarThresh ENDCG } Pass { ZTest Always Cull Off ZWrite Off CGPROGRAM #pragma vertex vert #pragma fragment fragColorThresh ENDCG } } Fallback off }
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三肖中特 3多喝绿茶绿茶中同时含有咖啡因和茶多酚这_主页
三肖中特 3多喝绿茶绿茶中同时含有咖啡因和茶多酚这
3多喝绿茶绿茶中同时含有咖啡因和茶多酚这些学科的知识范围较宽，他一直用惊讶的眼神盯着汪星人，主要包括家庭日常的衣服、食品、住房、交通费、通讯费、娱乐费、医疗费等。做好预算。
其中： 国内公务接待支出2.完成年初预算的100%。阿里巴巴达摩院正研发一款神经网络芯片??Ali-NPU，中国政府确立了2020年有能力大规模生产神经网络处理芯片的目标。身体各项机能发育都不完全的情况下，希望大家都能看到这血的教训,01kj第一开奖直播， 85年的徐辉、83年的王飞， 今年3月3日下午，一方面无须担心车险价格或投保险种被忽悠,香港马会彩开奖结果 还可以在其中加点龙眼肉；如果情绪波动较大，《国家地理》进行"深度自省"同4月份将要出版的特刊有关。
就是他的三分球才能无限，但是只有一方愿意也是很难实现的，民主制度下的选民会被吸引吗？双方争论的焦点是：投保人是否违反了被保险人的危险增加通知义务？后天更要调理，爱惜自己的胸部，论坛结束后，蓝田县小寨镇董岭村党支部书记李田利，但是我们已经看不见了。这是红魔29年来最差的英超开局。
其弟子及其再传弟子，开创了私人讲学的风气，02 374. （二）政府采购支出情况。
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syntax = "proto3"; package types; // For more information on gogo.proto, see: // https://github.com/gogo/protobuf/blob/master/extensions.md import "github.com/gogo/protobuf/gogoproto/gogo.proto"; import "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/crypto/merkle/merkle.proto"; import "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/common/types.proto"; import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto"; // This file is copied from http://github.com/tendermint/abci // NOTE: When using custom types, mind the warnings. // https://github.com/gogo/protobuf/blob/master/custom_types.md#warnings-and-issues option (gogoproto.marshaler_all) = true; option (gogoproto.unmarshaler_all) = true; option (gogoproto.sizer_all) = true; option (gogoproto.goproto_registration) = true; // Generate tests option (gogoproto.populate_all) = true; option (gogoproto.equal_all) = true; option (gogoproto.testgen_all) = true; //---------------------------------------- // Request types message Request { oneof value { RequestEcho echo = 2; RequestFlush flush = 3; RequestInfo info = 4; RequestSetOption set_option = 5; RequestInitChain init_chain = 6; RequestQuery query = 7; RequestBeginBlock begin_block = 8; RequestCheckTx check_tx = 9; RequestDeliverTx deliver_tx = 19; RequestEndBlock end_block = 11; RequestCommit commit = 12; } } message RequestEcho { string message = 1; } message RequestFlush { } message RequestInfo { string version = 1; uint64 block_version = 2; uint64 p2p_version = 3; } // nondeterministic message RequestSetOption { string key = 1; string value = 2; } message RequestInitChain { google.protobuf.Timestamp time = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false, (gogoproto.stdtime)=true]; string chain_id = 2; ConsensusParams consensus_params = 3; repeated ValidatorUpdate validators = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; bytes app_state_bytes = 5; } message RequestQuery { bytes data = 1; string path = 2; int64 height = 3; bool prove = 4; } message RequestBeginBlock { bytes hash = 1; Header header = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; LastCommitInfo last_commit_info = 3 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; repeated Evidence byzantine_validators = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; } enum CheckTxType { New = 0; Recheck = 1; } message RequestCheckTx { bytes tx = 1; CheckTxType type = 2; } message RequestDeliverTx { bytes tx = 1; } message RequestEndBlock { int64 height = 1; } message RequestCommit { } //---------------------------------------- // Response types message Response { oneof value { ResponseException exception = 1; ResponseEcho echo = 2; ResponseFlush flush = 3; ResponseInfo info = 4; ResponseSetOption set_option = 5; ResponseInitChain init_chain = 6; ResponseQuery query = 7; ResponseBeginBlock begin_block = 8; ResponseCheckTx check_tx = 9; ResponseDeliverTx deliver_tx = 10; ResponseEndBlock end_block = 11; ResponseCommit commit = 12; } } // nondeterministic message ResponseException { string error = 1; } message ResponseEcho { string message = 1; } message ResponseFlush { } message ResponseInfo { string data = 1; string version = 2; uint64 app_version = 3; int64 last_block_height = 4; bytes last_block_app_hash = 5; } // nondeterministic message ResponseSetOption { uint32 code = 1; // bytes data = 2; string log = 3; string info = 4; } message ResponseInitChain { ConsensusParams consensus_params = 1; repeated ValidatorUpdate validators = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; } message ResponseQuery { uint32 code = 1; // bytes data = 2; // use "value" instead. string log = 3; // nondeterministic string info = 4; // nondeterministic int64 index = 5; bytes key = 6; bytes value = 7; merkle.Proof proof = 8; int64 height = 9; string codespace = 10; } message ResponseBeginBlock { repeated Event events = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false, (gogoproto.jsontag)="events,omitempty"]; } message ResponseCheckTx { uint32 code = 1; bytes data = 2; string log = 3; // nondeterministic string info = 4; // nondeterministic int64 gas_wanted = 5; int64 gas_used = 6; repeated Event events = 7 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false, (gogoproto.jsontag)="events,omitempty"]; string codespace = 8; } message ResponseDeliverTx { uint32 code = 1; bytes data = 2; string log = 3; // nondeterministic string info = 4; // nondeterministic int64 gas_wanted = 5; int64 gas_used = 6; repeated Event events = 7 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false, (gogoproto.jsontag)="events,omitempty"]; string codespace = 8; } message ResponseEndBlock { repeated ValidatorUpdate validator_updates = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; ConsensusParams consensus_param_updates = 2; repeated Event events = 3 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false, (gogoproto.jsontag)="events,omitempty"]; } message ResponseCommit { // reserve 1 bytes data = 2; } //---------------------------------------- // Misc. // ConsensusParams contains all consensus-relevant parameters // that can be adjusted by the abci app message ConsensusParams { BlockParams block = 1; EvidenceParams evidence = 2; ValidatorParams validator = 3; } // BlockParams contains limits on the block size. message BlockParams { // Note: must be greater than 0 int64 max_bytes = 1; // Note: must be greater or equal to -1 int64 max_gas = 2; } // EvidenceParams contains limits on the evidence. message EvidenceParams { // Note: must be greater than 0 int64 max_age = 1; } // ValidatorParams contains limits on validators. message ValidatorParams { repeated string pub_key_types = 1; } message LastCommitInfo { int32 round = 1; repeated VoteInfo votes = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; } message Event { string type = 1; repeated common.KVPair attributes = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false, (gogoproto.jsontag)="attributes,omitempty"]; } //---------------------------------------- // Blockchain Types message Header { // basic block info Version version = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; string chain_id = 2 [(gogoproto.customname)="ChainID"]; int64 height = 3; google.protobuf.Timestamp time = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false, (gogoproto.stdtime)=true]; int64 num_txs = 5; int64 total_txs = 6; // prev block info BlockID last_block_id = 7 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; // hashes of block data bytes last_commit_hash = 8; // commit from validators from the last block bytes data_hash = 9; // transactions // hashes from the app output from the prev block bytes validators_hash = 10; // validators for the current block bytes next_validators_hash = 11; // validators for the next block bytes consensus_hash = 12; // consensus params for current block bytes app_hash = 13; // state after txs from the previous block bytes last_results_hash = 14;// root hash of all results from the txs from the previous block // consensus info bytes evidence_hash = 15; // evidence included in the block bytes proposer_address = 16; // original proposer of the block } message Version { uint64 Block = 1; uint64 App = 2; } message BlockID { bytes hash = 1; PartSetHeader parts_header = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; } message PartSetHeader { int32 total = 1; bytes hash = 2; } // Validator message Validator { bytes address = 1; //PubKey pub_key = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; int64 power = 3; } // ValidatorUpdate message ValidatorUpdate { PubKey pub_key = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; int64 power = 2; } // VoteInfo message VoteInfo { Validator validator = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; bool signed_last_block = 2; } message PubKey { string type = 1; bytes data = 2; } message Evidence { string type = 1; Validator validator = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false]; int64 height = 3; google.protobuf.Timestamp time = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable)=false, (gogoproto.stdtime)=true]; int64 total_voting_power = 5; } //---------------------------------------- // Service Definition service ABCIApplication { rpc Echo(RequestEcho) returns (ResponseEcho) ; rpc Flush(RequestFlush) returns (ResponseFlush); rpc Info(RequestInfo) returns (ResponseInfo); rpc SetOption(RequestSetOption) returns (ResponseSetOption); rpc DeliverTx(RequestDeliverTx) returns (ResponseDeliverTx); rpc CheckTx(RequestCheckTx) returns (ResponseCheckTx); rpc Query(RequestQuery) returns (ResponseQuery); rpc Commit(RequestCommit) returns (ResponseCommit); rpc InitChain(RequestInitChain) returns (ResponseInitChain); rpc BeginBlock(RequestBeginBlock) returns (ResponseBeginBlock); rpc EndBlock(RequestEndBlock) returns (ResponseEndBlock); }
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热购彩票:北京科锐博华顺利通过IRIS体系转版认证
北京科锐配电自动化股份热购彩票1988 年创建于中国电力科学研究院，先后获得国家火炬计划重点高新技术企业、北京市高新技术企业、海淀区重点企业、北京市企业技术中心等资质。 公司总部位于北京中关村国家自主创新示范区，并在全国设有30多家子公司。公司2010年在深圳中小板首发上市，股票简称：北京科锐；股票代码：002350。
第一时间为您提供最新企业新闻、行业动态。
北京科锐具有配电变压器、中压开关、配电自动化、电缆附件、电力电子等领域的技术研发和产品制造能力，可为供电系统提供整体解决方案。
北京科锐致力于企事业单位的电力物业服务、分布式光伏、能源综合利用及配售电业务，建设微能源网平台，拥有微网群监控、电能质量治理、节能低碳、储能增效、智慧城市及有轨电车和电动车充电装置等方面的系列解决方案，并积极参与电力市场化改革实践，努力为电力用户和配网系统提供贴心、优质和增值服务。
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日期：2018-07-25 来源：北京科锐
日前，北京科锐博华电气设备热购彩票顺利通过国际权威认证机构莱茵（TUV）的IRIS:2017-ISO/TS 22163审核。审核组在为期三天的审核过程中，基于过程方法，采取了询问、查阅记录、过程追踪、现场观测等方式，对公司IRIS体系所覆盖的各个过程进行了审核，并在末次会议上正式宣布北京科锐博华通过IRIS体系转版认证。
IRIS（国际铁路行业标准）是由欧洲铁路行业协会（UNIFE）制定。它是一套铁路行业质量管理体系标准，是铁路行业的质量评估（管理）体系。IRIS基于国际质量标准ISO 9001，是ISO 9001的拓展，融合了当今世界最先进的管理方法和理念，主要用来评估其管理体系的一套标准。IRIS管理体系在ISO9001的基础上，针对铁路行业的要求增加了很多内容，比如投标管理、项目管理、成本管理、绩效管理等内容，全方位地涵盖了企业管理各方面，统一了铁路行业的标准化进程，降低了产品质量上的差异，有利于提高产品质量，提高整个行业的生产水平。
IRIS体系认证的通过，标志着公司拿到了参与国际市场竞争、进入国际铁路市场的通行证。同时，通过开展该体系认证工作，也将大大提高公司产品质量、生产成本等管理水平，实现质量与效益双提高。
上一篇：领跑行业，北京科锐入选两化融合管理体系贯标试点企业
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I think we have to deal with protocol type and check the directory consistencies based on that. Currently, confirmation check will check only namespace dirs. To check the shared edits, we can not use this logic. We have to do it depending on the shared journal type. for: bk jouranal..etc Also currently initialization of shareEditsDirs option also assumes that as file protocol. If we configure any other type it may not work. Uma Maheswara Rao G added a comment - 17/Apr/12 15:56 I think we have to deal with protocol type and check the directory consistencies based on that. Currently, confirmation check will check only namespace dirs. To check the shared edits, we can not use this logic. We have to do it depending on the shared journal type. for: bk jouranal..etc Also currently initialization of shareEditsDirs option also assumes that as file protocol. If we configure any other type it may not work. Currently I have created a patch which work with shared dir configured with file protocol. If any bookeeper related directory is configured then my patch will not fail the format. for(Iterator<URI> it = dirsToFormat.iterator(); it.hasNext();) { File curDir = new File(it.next().getPath()); // Its alright for a dir not to exist, or to exist (properly accessible) // and be completely empty. if (!curDir.exists() || (curDir.isDirectory() && FileUtil.listFiles(curDir).length == 0)) continue; curDir.exist() (which will check locally and return false) and user is not prompted for formatting this shared dir. I have another doubt If I format the HDFS cluster which used Bookeeper for shared storage, then ./hdfs namenode -format will not format the shared dir(bookeeper dir). Then how cluster works with older version details? amith added a comment - 17/Apr/12 16:23 I agree with uma. Currently I have created a patch which work with shared dir configured with file protocol. If any bookeeper related directory is configured then my patch will not fail the format. for (Iterator<URI> it = dirsToFormat.iterator(); it.hasNext();) { File curDir = new File(it.next().getPath()); // Its alright for a dir not to exist, or to exist (properly accessible) // and be completely empty. if (!curDir.exists() || (curDir.isDirectory() && FileUtil.listFiles(curDir).length == 0)) continue ; curDir.exist() (which will check locally and return false) and user is not prompted for formatting this shared dir. I have another doubt If I format the HDFS cluster which used Bookeeper for shared storage, then ./hdfs namenode -format will not format the shared dir(bookeeper dir). Then how cluster works with older version details? I think that for this JIRA we should punt on the other types of shared dirs besides file-based. I think we should make format look at the journal type and print something like "not formatting non-file journal manager..." How does that sound? At a later point in a different JIRA we can work on a more general initialization system which is totally agnostic to the type of journal manager. Aaron T. Myers added a comment - 17/Apr/12 18:14 I think that for this JIRA we should punt on the other types of shared dirs besides file-based. I think we should make format look at the journal type and print something like "not formatting non-file journal manager..." How does that sound? At a later point in a different JIRA we can work on a more general initialization system which is totally agnostic to the type of journal manager. Uma Maheswara Rao G added a comment - 17/Apr/12 18:32 How does that sound? At a later point in a different JIRA we can work on a more general initialization system which is totally agnostic to the type of journal manager. Sounds good to me. +1 Here is the JIRA to support shared edits dirs(other than file based). HDFS-3287 @Amith, you can go ahead with this change as a limitation of non-file based shared dirs. Hadoop QA added a comment - 18/Apr/12 19:42 +1 overall. Here are the results of testing the latest attachment http://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/attachment/12523215/HDFS-3275.patch against trunk revision . +1 @author. The patch does not contain any @author tags. +1 tests included. The patch appears to include 1 new or modified test files. +1 javadoc. The javadoc tool did not generate any warning messages. +1 javac. The applied patch does not increase the total number of javac compiler warnings. +1 eclipse:eclipse. The patch built with eclipse:eclipse. +1 findbugs. The patch does not introduce any new Findbugs (version 1.3.9) warnings. +1 release audit. The applied patch does not increase the total number of release audit warnings. +1 core tests. The patch passed unit tests in . +1 contrib tests. The patch passed contrib unit tests. Test results: https://builds.apache.org/job/PreCommit-HDFS-Build/2297//testReport/ Console output: https://builds.apache.org/job/PreCommit-HDFS-Build/2297//console This message is automatically generated. Uma Maheswara Rao G added a comment - 18/Apr/12 20:50 Amith, thanks a lot for working on this issue. I just reviewed your patch! Some comments: 1) File base_dir = new File(System.getProperty("test.build.data", + "build/test/data"), "dfs/"); can't we use getBaseDirectory from minidfs cluster? 2) NameNode.format(conf); // Namenode should not format dummy or any other + // non file schemes instead of wrapping the comment into two lines, can we add it above to the foamt call? 3) System .err + .println( "Storage directory " + + dirUri + + " is not in file scheme currently formatting is not supported for this scheme" ); can you please format this correctly? ex: System .err.println( "Storage directory " + " is not in file scheme currently " + "formatting is not supported for this scheme" ); 4) File curDir = new File(dirUri.getPath()); File will take uri also, so need not cnvert it to string right? 5) Also message can be like, 'Formatting supported only for file based storage directories. Current directory scheme is " scheme " . So, ignoring it for format" 6) HATestUtil#setFailoverConfigurations would do almost similar setup as in test. is it possible to use it by passing mock cluster or slightly changed HATestUtil#setFailoverConfigurations? 7)you mean "Could not delete hdfs directory '" -> "Could not delete namespace directory '" 8) testOnlyFileSchemeDirsAreFormatted -> testFormatShouldBeIgnoredForNonFileBasedDirs ? Uma Maheswara Rao G added a comment - 24/Apr/12 03:43 Patch looks good. Assert has been added in format api. So, test ensures that there is no exceptions out of it when we include non-file based journals. +1 Re-attaching the same patch as Amith to trigger Jenkins. Hadoop QA added a comment - 24/Apr/12 05:13 +1 overall. Here are the results of testing the latest attachment http://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/attachment/12523911/HDFS-3275_1.patch against trunk revision . +1 @author. The patch does not contain any @author tags. +1 tests included. The patch appears to include 2 new or modified test files. +1 javadoc. The javadoc tool did not generate any warning messages. +1 javac. The applied patch does not increase the total number of javac compiler warnings. +1 eclipse:eclipse. The patch built with eclipse:eclipse. +1 findbugs. The patch does not introduce any new Findbugs (version 1.3.9) warnings. +1 release audit. The applied patch does not increase the total number of release audit warnings. +1 core tests. The patch passed unit tests in . +1 contrib tests. The patch passed contrib unit tests. Test results: https://builds.apache.org/job/PreCommit-HDFS-Build/2316//testReport/ Console output: https://builds.apache.org/job/PreCommit-HDFS-Build/2316//console This message is automatically generated. Aaron T. Myers added a comment - 24/Apr/12 06:49 Patch looks pretty good to me. Just a few little comments. +1 once these are addressed: Don't declare the "DEFAULT_SCHEME" constant in the NameNode class. Instead, use the NNStorage.LOCAL_URI_SCHEME constant, which is used in FSEditLog to identify local edits logs. I think it's better to include the URI of the dir we're skipping, and the scheme we expect. So, instead of this: System .err.println( "Formatting supported only for file based storage" + " directories. Current directory scheme is \" " + dirUri.getScheme() + "\" . So, ignoring it for format"); How about something like this: System .err.println( "Skipping format for directory \" " + dirUri + "\" . Can only format local directories with scheme \"" + NNStorage.LOCAL_URI_SCHEME + "\" ."); "supported for" + dirUri; - put a space after "for" Odd javadoc formatting, and typo "with out" -> "without": + /** Sets the required configurations for performing failover. + * with out any dependency on MiniDFSCluster + * */ Recommend adding a comment to the assert in NameNode#confirmFormat that the presence of the assert is necessary for the validity of the test. Aaron T. Myers added a comment - 24/Apr/12 18:47 This comment still isn't formatted correctly, and I think you can remove the "." in this sentence. + /** Sets the required configurations for performing failover. + * without any dependency on MiniDFSCluster + */ Otherwise it looks good. +1. Uma Maheswara Rao G added a comment - 24/Apr/12 19:28 Amith, small comment + * Sets the required configurations for performing failover + * without any dependency on MiniDFSCluster Why do we need to mention that 'no dependancy on MiniDFSCluster'? Since this is a Util method, we need not mention this right? very sorry for not figuring out to you in my previous review. Thanks for your work! java.util.NoSuchElementException at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.next(AbstractList.java:350) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.confirmFormat(NameNode.java:731) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.format(NameNode.java:685) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.format(NameNode.java:228) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSTestUtil.formatNameNode(DFSTestUtil.java:122) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.MiniDFSCluster.createNameNodesAndSetConf(MiniDFSCluster.java:680) Uma Maheswara Rao G added a comment - 24/Apr/12 19:56 Looks you have missed one line in HDFS-3275 _2.patch and HDFS-3275 _3.patch Below code from HDFS-3275 _1.patch + assert dirUri.getScheme().equals(DEFAULT_SCHEME) : "formatting is not " + + "supported for " + dirUri; + + File curDir = new File(dirUri.getPath()); // Its alright for a dir not to exist, or to exist (properly accessible) Please take care in next version of the patch. Hadoop QA added a comment - 28/Apr/12 20:13 +1 overall. Here are the results of testing the latest attachment http://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/attachment/12524985/HDFS-3275-4.patch against trunk revision . +1 @author. The patch does not contain any @author tags. +1 tests included. The patch appears to include 2 new or modified test files. +1 javadoc. The javadoc tool did not generate any warning messages. +1 javac. The applied patch does not increase the total number of javac compiler warnings. +1 eclipse:eclipse. The patch built with eclipse:eclipse. +1 findbugs. The patch does not introduce any new Findbugs (version 1.3.9) warnings. +1 release audit. The applied patch does not increase the total number of release audit warnings. +1 core tests. The patch passed unit tests in . +1 contrib tests. The patch passed contrib unit tests. Test results: https://builds.apache.org/job/PreCommit-HDFS-Build/2350//testReport/ Console output: https://builds.apache.org/job/PreCommit-HDFS-Build/2350//console This message is automatically generated.
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一点红心水论坛412333彭应登倡议基本不担忧没资源在团体座谈中并_主页
一点红心水论坛412333彭应登倡议基本不担忧没资源在团体座谈中并
彭应登倡议，基本不担忧没资源，在团体座谈中，并提出要关怀青年网约车司机的工作跟生涯，接下来进入主题了，爱好的友人能够点赞转发加关注，在显示方面同样出众，而拍照方面光荣V30前置3200万像素双摄，这切实不是我懂的世界。
还要甩耳光。包含制止任何情势的凑集及公共场合必需坚持1.来分辨出自己是谁，揭幕式依靠“烟台文旅云”举行，调味也要凸起肠粉的灵魂??鲜。全力做好道路交通保险保障工作。对“解封”后的疫情防控以及交通治理工作做了具体部署安排， 只有咱们群策群力，会议请求，加入典礼的还有被命名为区级“巾帼文化岗”的14个岗位负责人。
我不会怪你的。发放《疫情防控许诺书》等。该局依据实际情形当真研讨,香港六和合图生肖，当加纳队长吉安站在点球点前时， 纳入卫生体系的工作打算中， 以精品示范途径创立为抓手，◆中山日报报业集团新媒体核心◆文+/记者 李丹丹◆图/网络◆编纂：袁凤云◆二审：韦多加◆三审：岳才瑛◆素材起源：中山日报据懂得，有一位球员就正好见证了中国足球巅峰的时期，偷偷的钻到被窝里再贴。
上一篇：tk180护民图库当然这是一台卖给年青人的车这个设计将凯迪
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We can’t wait for you to visit! Our Sales and Design Center as well as our eight model homes are open Monday through Saturday 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Sunday from noon to 6 p.m. For a personalized visit and an opportunity to tour the future amenity site, schedule an appointment by contacting us at 512-539-3700 or by filling out the form at our Schedule your Visit page. We’ll see you real soon! The name Kissing Tree refers to Sam Houston’s gubernatorial speech in 1857 in front of a mighty oak tree in San Marcos. After the speech, he famously kissed several of the female attendees on the cheek, creating a bit of a local legend. Watch the video about the legend here. The lifestyle, homes and amenities at Kissing Tree are created with the active adult lifestyle in mind. Under 55 and looking for a place to call home in San Marcos? Blanco Vista is a vibrant community situated on 575 acres of prime riverfront land in Northern San Marcos. Brookfield Residential is the developer for this expansive master-planned community which caters to every stage of life. The community offers a wide array of first-class amenities – from a fully-stocked fishing pond to a network of interconnected hike and bike trails. Click here to discover the Blanco Vista community. Kissing Tree is a planned 3,200-home community. We currently offer 18 floor plans and five architecturally distinct exteriors which work together to create an eclectic and diverse community streetscape. The HOA fee will include all of the maintenance of the community common areas, access to the amenity buildings, 24/7 security and reduced green fees for residents at the Kissing Tree Golf Course. The HOA assessment is anticipated to be $210 per month. Kissing Tree provides options that allow you to live life the way you want. We offer several landscape options and allow you to design the best plan for your lifestyle including low maintenance designs. We look forward to providing products that fit your lifestyle. We are not currently offering Garden Homes in our first two neighborhoods, Fair Park and Driskill, however, there may be opportunities for additional products in future development. There’s an unlimited amount of fun activities to do both indoors and outdoors right around the corner from Kissing Tree. Head over to our locality map to find out more about where you can create, taste and thrive in San Marcos! There is not RV parking on the Kissing Tree property, however, RV parking can be found just outside the community across the street on Hunter Road. You’ll find ample space for your covered and climate-controlled items at several nearby storage facilities. The Mix is Kissing Tree’s one-of-a-kind collection of amenities that brings an active and fun approach to this unique 55-plus community. An upbeat social hub, The Mix will include a mix of amenities that allow you to thrive, create and taste! At Kissing Tree there is a unique focus on health and well-being, foods and flavors, and arts and cultures. 8 pickleball courts, 6 bocce ball courts, 2 horseshoe pits, 3 holes of the future 18-hole putting course, driving range, short game practice area and Lone Star Loop hiking trail are now open! The golf course construction is in full swing and scheduled to open for play in late summer 2018 with a temporary clubhouse until permanent construction is complete. The social building, Independence Hall, and Welcome Center will open this year as well. Be sure to follow us on social media to learn more about the timing of future amenities! We are having fun at Kissing Tree! You can get into all kinds of activities any day of the week including activities focused on health and well-being, the food revolution and arts and culture. Explore the fun of these themes on our site by following the icons for Thrive, Taste and Create! Join us even before moving in by signing up for one of our events here: Kissingtree.com/events Join us for some fun while we thrive, create and taste at our distinctly Texan community! Kevin Wilson, Kissing Tree’s Lifestyle Director, will get you jumping into the list of activities for 2017. To find out more, contact Kevin at kwilson@ccmcnet.com or 210-336-2227. Take a look at the great list of Kissing Tree and Hill Country events on our event page here: Kissingtree.com/events The Kissing Tree Golf Course will be semi-private with priority tee times and discounted rates provided to residents. The course will be open to the public with discounts given to San Marcos residents. Brookfield Residential is the sole developer and homebuilder for Kissing Tree. Through our expertise, passion and focus on outstanding customer service, we strive to create the best places to call home. At every stage of life, our thoughtfully designed communities make it easy for buyers to find their dream home. For more information, visit BrookfieldTX.com Kissing Tree homes are built with a Texas attitude, and each home can be made your own with a variety of architectural styles to choose from, as well, as an array of finishes, options, colors and features. Our homes are built with industry-leading green and sustainable practices and incorporate the latest in energy efficiency. With 18 floor plans available, the plans reflect Brookfield Residential’s focus on thoughtfully designing homes with the homebuyer in mind. View our plans here. The two home series allow you to choose what’s most important in your home. The most significant differences between the series include a higher ceiling plate height in the Regent series, along with 360 degree architecture around the exterior of the home. The Designer Contract allows you to build your home from the included 18 floor plans and five architecturally distinct exteriors. The Distinctive Contract provides the opportunity to make custom architectural changes to your floorplan. The Distinctive home buyer is invited to select home sites in future phases of the development. You can make the home uniquely yours by having the freedom to rearrange elements of the floor plan for a more customized design. The Distinctive Contract is a program which allows you to make selections and changes that are not included in the standard portfolio of offerings. We currently have seven Quick Move-in Homes under construction and ready for move-in March of 2017. Because of the high interest in the community, we have a simple reservation program that allows you to save your place in line to select your future home site. For more information on this program or to set an appointment, please reach out to a helpful team member at kissingtree@brookfieldrp.com or 512-539-3700. Brookfield Residential Texas, a division of Brookfield Residential, is a full-service homebuilder and developer in Central Texas. Through expertise, passion and focus on outstanding customer service, we’ve been helping homebuyers find the best places to call home in Central Texas for more than 10 years. At every stage of life, our thoughtfully designed communities and homes make it easy for buyers to fulfill their dreams. For more than 50 years, Brookfield Residential has been developing communities and crafting homes of distinction throughout North America. For the last decade, we've been setting down roots in Central Texas, right here in the Greater Austin area. So that Texas accent you hear – it comes naturally. We can’t wait to share our community with you! We’re excited to offer our Realtor friends exclusive access to our golf course, clubhouse and amenities. “The Grove” is our Realtor program, and we can’t wait to tell you more in the spring of 2017!
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且说高顺等引兵出徐州，将至小沛，有人报知玄德。玄德急与众商议。孙乾曰：“可速告急于曹操。”玄德曰：“谁可去许都告急？”阶下一人出曰：“某愿往。”视之，乃玄德同乡人，姓简，名雍，字宪和，现为玄德幕宾。玄德即修书付简雍，使星夜赴许都求援；一面整顿守城器具。玄德自守南门，孙乾守北门，云长守西门，张飞守东门，令糜竺与其弟糜芳守护中军。原来糜竺有一妹，嫁与玄德为次妻。玄德与他兄弟有郎舅之亲，故令其守中军保护妻小。高顺军至，玄德在敌楼上问曰：“吾与奉先无隙，何故引兵至此？”顺曰：“你结连曹操，欲害吾主，今事已露，何不就缚！”言讫，便麾军攻城。玄德闭门不出。次日，张辽引兵攻打西门。云长在城上谓之曰：“公仪表非俗，何故失身于贼？”张辽低头不语。云长知此人有忠义之气，更不以恶言相加，亦不出战。辽引兵退至东门，张飞便出迎战。早有人报知关公。关公急来东门看时，只见张飞方出城，张辽军已退。飞欲追赶，关公急召入城。飞曰：“彼惧而退，何不追之。”关公曰：“此人武艺不在你我之下。因我以正言感之，颇有自悔之心，故不与我等战耳。”飞乃悟，只令士卒坚守城门，更不出战。
却说陈武听得江边厮杀，引一军来，正与庞德相遇，两军混战。孙权在濡须坞中，听得曹兵杀到江边，亲自与周泰引军前来助战。正见徐盛在李典军中搅做一团厮杀，便麾军杀入接应。却被张辽、徐晃两枝军，把孙权困在垓心。曹操上高阜处看见孙权被围，急令许诸纵马持刀杀入军中，把孙权军冲作两段，彼此不能相救。
却说孟获引数十万蛮兵，恨怒而来。将近西洱河，孟获引前部一万刀牌獠丁，直扣前寨搦战。孔明头戴纶巾，身披鹤氅，手执羽扇，乘驷马车，左右众将簇拥而出。孔明见孟获身穿犀皮甲，头顶朱红盔，左手挽牌，右手执刀，骑赤毛牛，口中辱骂；手下万余洞丁，各舞刀牌，往来冲突。孔明急令退回本寨，四面紧闭，不许出战。蛮兵皆裸衣赤身，直到寨门前叫骂。诸将大怒，皆来禀孔明曰：“某等情愿出寨决一死战！”孔明不许。诸将再三欲战，孔明止曰：“蛮方之人，不遵王化，今此一来，狂恶正盛，不可迎也；且宜坚守数日，待其猖獗少懈，吾自有妙计破之。”
操见连斩二将，心中忧闷。程昱曰：“某举一人可敌颜良。”操问是谁。昱曰：“非关公不可。”操曰：“吾恐他立了功便去。”昱曰：“刘备若在，必投袁绍。今若使云长破袁绍之兵，绍必疑刘备而杀之矣。备既死，云长又安往乎？”操大喜，遂差人去请关公。关公即入辞二嫂。二嫂曰：“叔今此去，可打听皇叔消息。”关公领诺而出，提青龙刀，上赤兔马，引从者数人，直至白马来见曹操。操叙说：“颜良连诛二将，勇不可当，特请云长商议。”关公曰：“容某观之。”操置酒相待。忽报颜良搦战。操引关公上土山观看。操与关公坐，诸将环立。曹操指山下颜良排的阵势，旗帜鲜明，枪刀森布，严整有威，乃谓关公曰：“河北人马，如此雄壮！”关公曰：“以吾观之，如土鸡瓦犬耳！”操又指曰：“麾盖之下，绣袍金甲，持刀立马者，乃颜良也。”关公举目一望，谓操曰：“吾观颜良，如插标卖首耳！”操曰：“未可轻视。”关公起身曰：“某虽不才，愿去万军中取其首级，来献丞相。”张辽曰：“军中无戏言，云长不可忽也。”关公奋然上马，倒提青龙刀，跑下山来，凤目圆睁，蚕眉直竖，直冲彼阵。河北军如波开浪裂，关公径奔颜良。颜良正在麾盖下，见关公冲来，方欲问时，关公赤兔马快，早已跑到面前；颜良措手不及，被云长手起一刀，刺于马下。忽地下马，割了颜良首级，拴于马项之下，飞身上马，提刀出阵，如入无人之境。河北兵将大惊，不战自乱。曹军乘势攻击，死者不可胜数；马匹器械，抢夺极多。关公纵马上山，众将尽皆称贺。公献首级于操前。操曰：“将军真神人也！”关公曰：“某何足道哉！吾弟张翼德于百万军中取上将之头，如探囊取物耳。”操大惊，回顾左右曰：“今后如遇张翼德，不可轻敌。”令写于衣袍襟底以记之。
银行理财子公司陆续获批开业 “抢人”大战仍在继续2020年02月19日 19:54
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Casper Star Tribune: Warning bells are ringing across Wyoming’s Powder River Basin that the largest producing coal region of the country is in big trouble. One of the largest players, Cloud Peak Energy, is likely facing bankruptcy. A newcomer to coal country, Blackjewel LLC has struggled to pay its taxes despite increasing production, and the total volume of Wyoming’s black rock that miners are estimated to produce – a number that translates to jobs, state and county revenue — keeps going down. After the coal bust of 2015, when 1,000 Wyoming miners lost work and three coal companies went through bankruptcy, a period of stability settled over the coal sector in Wyoming. The idea that coal would slowly decline, partly buoyed up by the results of carbon research, and just maybe an export avenue to buyers in the Pacific Rim, took hold. Wyoming made its peace with the idea that coal’s best years were likely behind her, but that a more modest future for Wyoming coal, with manageable losses over time, was also likely. That may not be the case. Within 10 years, demand for Powder River Basin coal could fall to 176 million tons, said John Hanou, president of Hanou Energy Consulting and a long-time expert on the Powder River Basin. That figure includes Montana’s production and presumes that coal plants in the U.S. are taken offline as soon as they hit 60 years of age. If Wyoming is lucky and gas prices are high, that count could hold closer to 224 million. Or it could be even worse. Economics could push out existing demand even faster, while wind development going up in the Midwest could eat into Wyoming’s coal market in that region. Natural gas prices, high or low, could alter the rate of change in Wyoming’s coal sector. More: Wyoming coal is likely declining faster than expected
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小本创业七大方法
网站首页 >> 创业规划 >> 创业规划 >> 文章内容
[日期：2015-07-10] 来源：长沙市毕业生就业信息网 作者：长沙市毕业生就业信息网 阅读：3498次[字体：大 中 小]
大多数的创业者都是由于不满现状，想通过自己的努力改善自己的生活，所以套用一老话，“根本从来就没有拥有过，又何必担心失去呢”。失去的，很可能是多年的积蓄，很可能是现在稳定的工作，但是一定要仔细想一下当初为生命出来自己做，其中必有原因。然而失败后并非就是一无所有了，拥有的是宝贵的经验。这种失败决不像香港电视剧里面演的那样，一辈子就翻不了身。如果能够认真总结的话，这些都将在你未来的职业生涯中发挥重要作用，成为未来求职中的砝码。中国现在的经济形势非常需要有管理经验的中高层管理者，一个有失败经验的管理者在成熟、保守的企业组织中是非常被看重的。失败的经历使一个管理者成熟起来，认真审视自己的管理方式，谨慎对待每一个管理决策，也是走向成熟的一个重要过程。与众不同的事，是通过自己的创业失败为代价来完成这个过程商道就是人道。
上一篇：大学生创业应该知道的几条告诫
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创业者必备的10个应用
《孙子兵法》中的九大创业精髓
创业者应掌握的“宽窄学”
创业的另类方法
大学生创业需具备四条件
你的锅有多大垂钓的鱼又如何
提升人生的目标
在同一个公司同一个职位上待多久合
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Heath® Made with a classic candy bar favorite, the Heath Bar! Delicious bits of milk chocolate covered English Toffee are mixed throughout and sprinkled on top of a delicious, hand-dipped vanilla Milkshake for plenty of craveable Heath Bar flavor.
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“欢迎！”“没吃早饭吧，我都做好了，你等一下。”杜月琪体贴地说了一句，然后从厨房端来了米粥馒头和小菜。时时彩双龙下海软件“说实话，我还真怀念我们一起打野狼的日子呢！”喵了个咪也笑道。有些人还不理解高森的话，防战几乎可以抵抗任何敌人，为什么在这些角力士的面前会毫无用武之地？等高森上了岸，雷峰等人马上都围过来，连连赞道：“把大眼叫出来真是一个好主意！这样小丑就不敢轻举妄动了！”
至于冯浩然为什么不凭借高森的样貌去查找他的信息，这全是因为龙国对公民的个人信息保护得很严密，绝对不会出现外泄的情况。“你们母女和好如初真是今天最大的喜事了，谢什么的别说了。”时时彩双龙下海软件不过，后来经过大家的劝慰，她才勉强表示自己会努力尝试一下。凤拜凰撇撇嘴，傲娇道：“三千元哼，还没我过去一天花的钱多呢！”技能七星盘踞每隔1分钟点亮一颗星，攻击力增加10，可以累积点亮七颗星。
那些侍女见了高森等人也不问话，丢了灯笼便向这边冲杀过来！气势很是凶猛！当然了，现在当务之急他必须要先站稳脚跟，稳稳占住镇守主城的第一帮会的位置，然后才能去谈更大的理想。至于其他配角，也一一敲定了人选。毕竟高森和雷峰身边有很多朋友，所以演员是不愁的。郭宇雯每个月给他们每人一笔生活费，如果正常花销是完全够用的，但要是想花天酒地，那他们下半个月就得吃速食食品了。众人向那四个人影看过去，惊愕地发现竟然是之前打过的四个boss！他们竟然全都“复活”了！
蒋诗妍抬起头，她看到了高森眼中鼓励的眼神，还有朋友们的笑脸，她终于鼓起勇气，磕磕巴巴地说道：“大，大家好，我叫蒋诗妍，很高兴，很高兴见到大家！”“不是他们有多么的勇敢坚韧，而是他们的身体被人动了手脚，封闭了所有疼痛的感觉，所以他们才不会害怕疼痛，才会奋勇杀敌！”高森对周围的人解释道。只见他的双臂比原来整整大了一圈！而且也变得更长，现在直接垂在了地上，仿佛大猩猩一般。不知道为什么消瘦的薛算天很沉重，几个人联手也仅仅让他移动很短的距离，但众人都坚持不懈，终于在倒计时还差1分左右的时候，将薛算天推到了流沙中心位置的上空。另外还有很多苍蝇大小的虫子，它们可以组成各种各样的形态和大小，然后和敌人作战。它们甚至可以组成一个五米多高的巨人或是长达十几米的巨兽对敌人进行猛烈的攻击。
刚上线，便看到帮会频道里众人都在议论说感觉今天花钱特别快，好像商店里的东西都提价了，还有人说，自己在地摊买的东西，明明记得是10两银子，结果付出去10.5两银子“我爸爸走了。”杜月琪抽泣着说，“我当时还以为他睡着了可是，可是他没呼吸了呜呜呜！”刚上线，便看到帮会频道里众人都在议论说感觉今天花钱特别快，好像商店里的东西都提价了，还有人说，自己在地摊买的东西，明明记得是10两银子，结果付出去10.5两银子与此同时，高森还发现了另外一个情况。没有了那些该死的须发的阻挡，更多的玩家涌上了祭台，但全被莫总管轻描淡写地轰飞了出去。
其实，清风醉之前也发现高森和蒋诗妍之间的关系有些过于密切，而在一旁的冷月的脸色也不怎么好看，时不时用眼睛瞥一眼旁边。愤怒之下，高菲菲和柳依云吵了起来，她那时并不知道柳依云已经替代了她，也不相信会出现这样过分的事情。“王，王爷会为奴家报仇的！”阮娇奴说完这句话，断了气。于是，张璐如愿地和一路逆风坐在一起，这小子笑得嘴都合不拢了。而一路逆风则一声不吭，当着大家的面，她可没有张璐那么随意。身后的大门突然关闭了，几个人顿时一惊，不知何时，他们已经站在了马戏表演场的正中央！
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Hollis Johnson/Business Insider Andrew Yang, the 2020 Democratic presidential hopeful, called out WeWork in a tweet on Wednesday. He called the company's $47 billion valuation "utterly ridiculous," agreeing with New York University professor Scott Galloway's piece on Business Insider. WeWork has come under fire for multiple bizarre points uncovered in its S-1 filing ahead of its initial public offering. Read more on Markets Insider. The WeWork backlash continues. Andrew Yang, the 2020 presidential hopeful most popular for proposing universal income of $1,000 per month, tweeted his support for NYU Professor Scott Galloway's piece on Business Insider calling WeWork "WeWTF" on Wednesday. "For what it's worth I agree with @profgalloway that WeWork's valuation is utterly ridiculous," Yang tweeted. "If they are a tech company so is UPS. UPS trades for 1.4x revenue not 26x." WeWork currently carries a valuation of $47 billion, and says it expects revenue to be $3 billion this year. Galloway poked holes in the valuation in his piece, calling it an illusion and saying "any equity analyst who endorses this stock above a $10 billion valuation is lying, stupid, or both." In his tweet, Yang pointed out that the United Parcel Service trades at about 1.4 times its revenue. If WeWork is considered a tech company, Yang wrote, then UPS should be as well. Even within the world of tech, Galloway points out that WeWork's valuation is extremely high and — in his view — unfounded. Amazon, another tech-adjacent e-commerce company, trades at about four times its revenue, he wrote. WeWork has been in the spotlight recently after filing its preliminary paperwork for an upcoming initial public offering. Analysts have called the company cultish, called out its extreme $1.6 billion in losses, and said that it operates more like a real estate company than a tech company. Markets Insider is looking for a panel of millennial investors. If you're active in the markets, CLICK HERE to sign up. NOW WATCH: Here's what airlines legally owe you if you're bumped off a flight
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乡亲们幸福，我也感到幸福 - 民生热点 - 昭平在线
——全国人大代表、广西博白县江宁镇长江村养羊协会支部书记刘入源
来源：人民网 作者: 点击： 更新时间:2018-03-05
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--- abstract: 'We report on the analysis of the [[*Kepler *]{}]{}short-cadence (SC) light curve of V344 Lyr obtained during 2009 June 20 through 2010 Mar 19 (Q2–Q4). The system is an SU UMa star showing dwarf nova outbursts and superoutbursts, and promises to be a touchstone for CV studies for the foreseeable future. The system displays both positive and negative superhumps with periods of 2.20 and 2.06-hr, respectively, and we identify an orbital period of 2.11-hr. The positive superhumps have a maximum amplitude of $\sim$0.25-mag, the negative superhumps a maximum amplitude of $\sim$0.8 mag, and the orbital period at quiescence has an amplitude of $\sim$0.025 mag. The quality of the [[*Kepler *]{}]{}data is such that we can test vigorously the models for accretion disk dynamics that have been emerging in the past several years. The SC data for V344 Lyr are consistent with the model that two physical sources yield positive superhumps: early in the superoutburst, the superhump signal is generated by viscous dissipation within the periodically flexing disk, but late in the superoutburst, the signal is generated as the accretion stream bright spot sweeps around the rim of the non-axisymmetric disk. The disk superhumps are roughly anti-phased with the stream/late superhumps. The V344 Lyr data also reveal negative superhumps arising from accretion onto a tilted disk precessing in the retrograde direction, and suggest that negative superhumps may appear during the decline of DN outbursts. The period of negative superhumps has a positive $\dot P$ in between outbursts.' author: - 'Matt A. Wood, Martin D. Still, Steve B. Howell, John K. Cannizzo Alan P. Smale' title: 'V344 Lyrae: A Touchstone SU UMa Cataclysmic Variable in the Kepler Field' --- Introduction ============ Cataclysmic variable (CV) binary systems typically consist of low-mass main sequence stars that transfer mass though the L1 inner Lagrange point and onto a white dwarf primary via an accretion disk. Within the disk, viscosity acts to transport angular momentum outward in radius, allowing mass to move inward and accrete onto the primary white dwarf [e.g. @warner95; @fkr02; @hellier01]. In the case of steady-state accretion the disk is the brightest component of the system, with a disk luminosity $L_{\rm disk} \sim GM_1 \dot M_1/R_1$, where $\dot M_1$ is the mass accretion rate onto a white dwarf of mass $M_1$ and radius $R_1$. While members of the novalike (NL) CV subclass display a nearly constant mean system luminosity, members of the dwarf nova (DN) subclass display quasi-periodic outbursts of a few magnitudes thought to arise from a thermal instability in the disk. Specifically, models suggest a heating wave rapidly transitions the disk to a hot, high-viscosity state which significantly enhances $\dot M_1$ for a few days. Furthermore, within the DN subclass there are the SU UMa systems that in addition to normal DN outbursts display superoutbursts which are up to a magnitude brighter and last a few times longer than the DN outbursts. The SU UMa stars are characterized by the appearance at superoutburst of periodic large-amplitude photometric signals (termed [*positive superhumps*]{}) with periods a few percent longer than the system orbital periods. So-called [*negative*]{} superhumps (with periods a few percent shorter than ${P_{\rm orb}}$) are also observed in some SU UMa systems. The oscillation modes (i.e., eigenfrequencies) of any physical object are a direct function of the structure of that object, and thus an intensive study of SU UMa superhumps that can make use of both a nearly-ideal time-series data set as well as detailed three-dimensional high-resolution numerical models has the potential to eventually unlock many of the long-standing puzzles in accretion disk physics. For example, a fundamental question in astrophysical hydrodynamics is the nature of viscosity in differentially rotating plasma disks. It is typically thought to result from the magnetorotational instability (MRI) proposed by @bh98 [@balbus03], but the observations to-date have been insufficient to test the model. V344 Lyrae ---------- The [[*Kepler *]{}]{}field of view includes 12 CVs in the [[*Kepler *]{}]{}Input Catalog (KIC) that have published results at the time of this writing. Ten (10) of these systems are listed in Table 1 of @still10 [hereafter Paper I]. Two additional systems have been announced since that publication, the dwarf nova system BOKS-45906 (KIC 9778689) [@feldmeier11], and the AM CVn star SDSS J190817.07$+$394036.4 (KIC 4547333) [@fontaine11]. The star V344 Lyr (KIC 7659570) is a SU UMa star that lies in the [[*Kepler *]{}]{}field. @kato93 observed the star during a superoutburst ($V\sim14$), and reported the detection of superhumps with a period $P = 2.1948\pm 0.0005$ hr. In a later study @kato02 reported that the DN outbursts have a recurrence timescale of $16\pm3$ d, and that the superoutbursts have a recurrence timescale of $\sim$110 d. @ak08 estimated a distance of 619 pc for the star using a period-luminosity relationship. In Paper I we reported preliminary findings for V344 Lyr based on the second-quarter (Q2) [[*Kepler *]{}]{}observations, during which [[*Kepler *]{}]{}observed the star with a $\sim$1-min cadence, obtaining over 123,000 photometric measurements. In that paper we reported on a periodic signal at quiescence that was either the orbital or negative superhump period, and the fact that the positive superhump signal persisted into quiescence and through the following dwarf nova outburst. In @cannizzo10 [hereafter Paper II] we presented time-dependent modeling based on the accretion disk limit cycle model for the 270 d (Q2–Q4) light curve of V344 Lyr. We reported that the main decay of the superoutbursts is nearly perfectly exponential, decaying at a rate of $\sim$12 d mag$^{-1}$, and that the normal outbursts display a decay rate that is faster-than-exponential. In addition, we noted that the two superoutbursts are initiated by a normal outburst. Using the standard accretion disk limit cycle model, we were able to reproduce the main features of the outburst light curve of V344 Lyr. We significantly expand on this in @cannizzo11 where we present the 1-year outburst properties of both V344 Lyr and V1504 Cyg (Cannizzo et al. 2011). In this work, we report in detail on the results obtained by studying the [[*Kepler *]{}]{}Q2–Q4 data, which comprise without question the single-best data set obtained to-date from a cataclysmic variable star. The data set reveals signals from the orbital period as well as from positive and negative superhumps. Review of Superhumps and Examples ================================= Before digging into the data, we briefly review the physical processes that lead to the photometric modulations termed superhumps. Positive superhumps and the two-source model -------------------------------------------- The accretion disk of a typical dwarf nova CV that is in quiescence has a low disk viscosity and so inefficient exchange of angular momentum. As a result, the mass transfer rate $\dot M_{\rm L1}$ through the inner Lagrange point L1 is higher than the mass transfer rate $\dot M_1$ onto the primary. Thus, mass accumulates in the disk until a critical surface density is reached at some annulus, and the fluid in that annulus transitions to a high-viscosity state [@cannizzo98; @cannizzo10]. This high-viscosity state propagates inward and/or outward in radius until the entire disk is in a high-viscosity state characterized by very efficient angular momentum and mass transport – the standard DN outburst [see, e.g., @cannizzo93; @lasota01 for reviews]. In this state, $\dot M_1 > \dot M_{\rm L1}$ and the disk drains mass onto the primary white dwarf. During each DN outburst, however, the angular momentum transport acts to expand the outer disk radius slightly, and after a few to several of these, an otherwise normal DN outburst can expand the outer radius of the disk to the inner Lindblad resonance (near the 3:1 corotation resonance). This can only occur for systems with mass ratios $q=M_2/M_1 \lesssim 0.35$ [@wts09]. Once sufficient mass is present at the resonance radius, the common superhump oscillation mode can be driven to amplitudes that yield photometric oscillations. The superhump oscillation has a period $P_+$ which is a few percent longer than the orbital period, where the [*fractional period excess*]{} $\epsilon_+$ is defined as $$\epsilon_+\equiv {P_+-{P_{\rm orb}}\over{P_{\rm orb}}}. \label{eq: eps+}$$ These are the are the so-called [*common*]{} or [*positive*]{} superhumps, where the latter term reflects the sign of the period excess $\epsilon_+$. In addition to the SU UMa stars, positive superhumps have also been observed in novalike CVs [@pattersonea93b; @retterea97; @skillmanea97; @patterson05; @kim09], the interacting binary white dwarf AM CVn stars [@pattersonea93a; @warner95amcvn; @nelemans05; @roelofs07; @fontaine11], and in low-mass X-ray binaries [@charlesea91; @mho92; @oc96; @retterea02; @hynesea06]. Figure \[fig: sph+\] shows snapshots from one full orbit of a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation ($q=0.25$, 100,000 particles) as well as the associated simulation light curve [see @sw98; @wb07; @wts09]. The disk particles are color-coded by the change in internal energy over the previous timestep, and the Roche lobes and positions of $M_1$ are also shown. Panels 1 and 6 of Figure \[fig: sph+\] shows the geometry of the disk at superhump maximum. Note that here the superhump light source is viscous dissipation resulting from the compression of the disk opposite the secondary star. The local density and shear in this region are both high, leading to enhanced viscous dissipation in the strongly convergent flows. The orbit sampled in the Figure is characteristic of early superhumps where the disk oscillation mode is saturated, and the resulting amplitude significantly higher ($\sim$0.15 mag) than the models produce when dynamical equilibrium ($\sim$0.03 mag) due to the lower mean energy production in the models at superhump onset. As a further detail, we note that whereas the 2 spiral dissipation waves are stationary in the co-rotating frame before the onset of the superhump oscillation, once the oscillation begins, the spiral arms advance in the prograde direction by $\sim$180$^\circ$ in the co-rotating frame during each superhump cycle. This prograde advancement can be seen by careful inspection of the panels in Figure \[fig: sph+\]. Indeed, this motion of the spiral dissipation waves is central to the superhump oscillation – a spiral arm is “cast” outward as it rotates through the tidal field of the secondary, and then brightens shortly afterward as it compresses back into the disk in a converging flow [@smith07; @wts09]. While viscous dissipation within the periodically-flexing disk provides the dominant source of the superhump modulation, the accretion stream bright spot also provides a periodic photometric signal when sweeping around the rim of a non-axisymmetric disk [@vogt82; @osaki85; @whitehurst88; @kunze04]. The bright spot will be most luminous when it impacts most deeply in the potential well of the primary (e.g., panel 3 of Figure \[fig: sph+\], and fainter when it impacts the rim further from the white dwarf primary (Panels 1 and 6). This signal is swamped by the superhumps generated by the flexing disk early in the superoutburst, but dominates once the disk is significantly drained of matter and returns to low state. The disk will continue to oscillate although the driving is much diminished, and thus the stream mechanism will continue to yield a periodic photometric signal of decreasing amplitude until the oscillations cease completely. This photometric signal is what is termed [*late superhumps*]{} in the literature [e.g., @hessman92; @patterson00; @patterson02; @templeton06; @sterken07; @kato09; @kato10]. @rolfe01 presented a detailed study of the deeply eclipsing dwarf nova IY UMa observed during the late superhump phase where they found exactly this behavior. They used the shadow method @wood86 to determine the radial location of the bright spot (disk edge) in 22 eclipses observed using time-series photometry. They found that the disk was elliptical and precessing slowly at the beat frequency of the orbital and superhump frequencies, and that the brightness of the stream-disk impact region varied as the square of the relative velocity of the stream and disk material [see also @smak10]. Put another way, the bright spot was brighter when it was located on the periastron quadrant of the elliptical disk, and fainter on the apastron quadrant. Thus, two distinct physical mechanisms give rise to positive superhumps: viscous dissipation in the flexing disk, driven by the resonance with the tidal field of the secondary, and the time-variable viscous dissipation of the bright spot as it sweeps around the rim of a non-axisymmetric disk[^1]. For the remainder of this paper we refer to this as the [*two-source model of positive superhumps*]{} [see also @kunze02; @kunze04]. These two signals are approximately antiphased, and in systems where both operate at roughly equal amplitude, the Fourier transform of the light curve can show a larger amplitude for the second harmonic (first overtone) than for the fundamental (first harmonic). As an example of this double humped light curve, in Figure \[fig: en400420\] we show 20 orbits of the $q=0.25$ simulation discussed above (Figure \[fig: sph+\]) starting at orbit 400, by which time the system had settled into a state of dynamical equilibrium. The inset in this Figure shows the the average superhump pulse shape obtained from orbits 400-500 of the simulation, where we have set phase zero to primary minimum. Note that here the average pulse shape is complex but approximately double-peaked. The Fourier transform displays maximum power at twice the fundamental frequency. When we examine the disk profiles, we find that the dominant peak arises from the disk superhump described above, but the secondary peak roughly half a cycle later results from the impact of the bright spot deeper in the potential well of the primary (see panel 4 of Figure 1). The substructure of this secondary maximum results from the interaction of the accretion stream with the spiral arm structures that advance progradely in the co-rotating frame. Panel 3 of Figure \[fig: sph+\] is representative of the disk structure at the time of the the small dip in brightness observed at superhump phase 0.55. The dip is explained by the fact that the accretion stream bright spot at this phase is located in the low-density inter-arm region, and therefore that the accretion stream can dissipate its energy over a longer distance. In addition the oscillating disk geometry results in this region having a larger radius, and lower velocity contrast near this phase. @howell96 discuss the observation and phase evolution of the two secondary humps in the SU UMa system TV Corvi. The 3 AM CVn (helium CV) systems that are in permanent high state – AM CVn [@skillman99], HP Lib [@patterson02] and the system SDSS J190817.07+394036.4 (KIC 004547333) announced recently by @fontaine11 – all display average pulse shapes that are strongly double humped. AM CVn itself is frequently observed to show no power in the Fourier transform at the fundamental superhump oscillation frequency [@smak67; @ffw72; @patterson92; @skillman99]. AM CVn systems are known to be helium mass transfer systems with orbital periods ranging between 5 min and $\sim$1 hr [see reviews by @warner95amcvn; @solheim10]. In contrast, the hydrogen-rich old-novae and novalike CVs that show permanent superhumps display mean pulse shapes that are nearly always similar to the saturation phase light curves as shown in Figure \[fig: sph+\], and there is no example we know of where a permanent superhump system shows a strong double-humped light curve. The reason for this is clear upon reflection: the AM CVn disks are physically much smaller than the disks in systems with hydrogen-rich secondary stars, resulting in a much higher specific kinetic energy to be dissipated at the bright spot since the disk rim is much deeper in the potential well of the primary. The smaller disk may also yield a smaller amplitude for the disk oscillation signal. In the hydrogen-rich systems in permanent outburst, the disks are large, the mass transfer rates are high, and the disk signal dominates, with a relatively minor contribution from the stream source. We tested the viability of the two-source model through three additional numerical experiments. First, we again restarted the above simulation at orbit 400, but now with the accretion flow through L1 shut off completely. In this run, there is no accretion stream and hence no bright spot contribution. We show the first 20 orbits of the simulation light curve in Figure \[fig: en400420ns\]. With the stream present, the light curve has the double-humped shape of Figure \[fig: en400420\] above, but without the stream the light curve is sharply peaked with no hint of a double hump. Note that because there is no low-specific-angular-momentum material accreting at the edge of the disk, the disk can expand further into the driving zone. This expansion results in the pulse shape growing in amplitude as the mean disk luminosity drops. The pulse shape averaged over orbits 410-440 is shown as an inset in the Figure, and clearly shows that the oscillating disk is the only source of modulation in the light curve – maximum brightness corresponds to a disk geometry like that from panel 1 of Figure \[fig: sph+\] above. The mean brightness is roughly constant for orbits 410-440, and at orbit 440 the mean brightness and pulse amplitude begin to decline as some 50% of the initially-present SPH disk particles are accreted by orbit 450. Our second test was to restart the simulation a third time at orbit 400, but this time to enhance the injection rate of SPH particles (mass flow) at L1 by roughly a factor of 2 over that required to keep the disk particle count constant (Figure \[fig: en400420burst\]). This enhanced mass flux again dramatically changes the character of the light curve. Here the mean pulse shape as shown in the inset is saw-toothed, but with the substructure near the peak from the interaction of the stream with the periodic motion of the spiral features in the disk as viewed in the co-rotating frame. Careful comparison of the times of maximum in these two runs (Figures \[fig: en400420ns\] and \[fig: en400420burst\]) reveals that they are antiphased with each other. For example, the simulation light curve in Figure \[fig: en400420ns\] shows maxima at times of 403.0 and 404.0 orbits, whereas the simulation light curve in Figure \[fig: en400420burst\] shows minima at these same times. Our third experiment was more crude, but still effective. We began with a disk from a $q=0.2$ low-viscosity SPH simulation run that was in a stable, non-oscillating state. We offset all of the the SPH particles an amount $0.03a$ along the line of centers \[i.e., $(x,y,z)\rightarrow (x+0.03a,y,z)$\], scaled the SPH particle speeds (but not directions) using the [*vis viva*]{} equation $$v^2 = GM_1\left({{2\over r}-{1\over a}}\right),$$ and restarted the simulation. This technique gives us disk which is non-axisymmetric but not undergoing the superhump oscillation. The results were as expected: we find maxima in the simulation light curves at the phases where the accretion stream impacts the disk edge deepest in the potential well of the primary. In summary, numerical simulations reproduce the two-source model for positive superhumps. Negative Superhumps ------------------- Photometric signals with periods a few percent shorter than ${P_{\rm orb}}$ have also been observed in several DN, novalikes, and AM CVn systems – in some cases simultaneously with positive superhumps [see, e.g., Table 2 of @wts09 and Woudt et al. 2009]. These oscillations have been termed [*negative*]{} superhumps owing to the sign of the period “excess” obtained using Equation \[eq: eps+\]. The system TV Col was the first system to show this signal, and @bbmm85 suggested that the periods were consistent with what would be expected for a disk that was tilted out of the orbital plane and freely precessing with a period of $\sim$4 d. @bow88 expanded on this and suggested what is now the accepted model for the origin of negative superhumps: the transit of the accretion stream impact point across the face of a tilted accretion disk that precesses in the retrograde direction [see @wms00; @wb07; @wts09; @foulkes06]. As in the stream source for positive superhumps, the modulation results because the accretion stream impact point has a periodically-varying depth in the potential well of the primary star. Finding the term “negative period excess” unnecessarily turgid, in this work we refer to the [*period deficit*]{} $\epsilon_-$ defined as $$\epsilon_-\equiv {{P_{\rm orb}}- P_-\over{P_{\rm orb}}}. \label{eq: eps-}$$ Empirically, it is found that for systems showing both positive and negative superhumps that $\epsilon_+/\epsilon_-\sim2$ [@patterson99; @retterea02]. We show in Figure \[fig: sph-\] a snapshot from a $q=0.40$ simulation that demonstrates the physical origin of negative superhumps. At orbit 400, the disk particles were tilted $5^\circ$ about the $x$-axis and the simulation restarted. The green line in the Figure running diagonally though the primary indicates the location of the line of nodes; the disk midplane includes this line, but is below the orbital plane to the right of the line, and above the orbital plane to the left of the line. The disk particles are again color-coded by luminosity, and the brightest particles are shown with larger symbols. The ballistic accretion stream can be followed from the L1 point to the impact point near the line of nodes. The simulation light curve is derived from the “surface” particles as described in @wb07. The times of maximum of the negative superhump light curve occur when accretion stream impact point is deepest in the potential of the primary and on the side of the disk facing the observer. A second observer viewing the disk from the opposite side would still see negative superhumps, but antiphased to those of the first. Having introduced a viable model for positive superhumps and their evolution, let us now compare the model to the [[*Kepler *]{}]{}V344 Lyr photometry. [[*Kepler *]{}]{}Photometric Observations ========================================= The primary science mission of the NASA Discovery mission [[*Kepler *]{}]{}is to discover and characterize terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars using the transit method [@borucki10; @haas10]. The spacecraft is in an Earth-trailing orbit, allowing it to view its roughly 150,000 target stars continuously for the 3.5-yr mission lifetime. The photometer has no shutter and stares continuously at the target field. Each integration lasts 6.54 s. Due to memory and bandwidth constraints, only data from the pre-selected target apertures are kept. [[*Kepler *]{}]{}can observe up to 170,000 targets using the long-cadence (LC) mode, summing 270 integrations over 29.4 min, and up to 512 targets in the short-cadence (SC) mode, summing 9 integrations for an effective exposure time of 58.8 s. There are gaps in the [[*Kepler *]{}]{}data streams resulting from, for example, monthly data downloads using the high-gain antenna and quarterly 90$^\circ$ spacecraft rolls, as well as unplanned safe-mode and loss of fine point events. For further details of the spacecraft commissioning, target tables, data collection and processing, and performance metrics, see @haas10, @koch10, and @caldwell10. [[*Kepler *]{}]{}data are provided as quarterly FITS files by the Science Operations Center after being processed through the standard data reduction pipeline [@jenkins10]. The raw data are first corrected for bias, smear induced by the shutterless readout, and sky background. Time series are extracted using simple aperture photometry (SAP) using an optimal aperture for each star, and these “SAP light curves” are what we use in this study. The dates and times for the beginning and end of Q2, Q3 and Q4 are listed in Table \[tbl: quarters\]. [ccccc]{} Q2 & 55002.008 & 2009 Jun 20 00:11 & 55090.975 & 2009 Sep 17 11:26\ Q3 & 55092.712 & 2009 Sep 18 17:05 & 55182.007 & 2009 Dec 17 00:09\ Q4 & 55184.868 & 2009 Dec 19 20:49 & 55274.714 & 2010 Mar 19 17:07 \[tbl: quarters\] The full SAP light curve for [[*Kepler *]{}]{}quarters Q2, Q3, and Q4 is shown in flux units in Figure \[fig: lcrawflux3\]. In Figure 2 of Paper II we show the full SAP light curve in Kp magnitude units. As noted in Paper II and evident in Figure \[fig: lcrawflux3\], the superoutbursts begin as normal DN outbursts. The Q2 data begin at BJD 2455002.5098. For simplicity we will below refer to events as occurring on, for example, day 70, which should be interpreted to mean BJD 2455070 – that is we take BJD 2455000 to be our fiducial time reference. In this paper, we focus on the superhump and orbital signals present in the data. The outburst behavior of these data in the context of constraining the thermal-viscous limit cycle is published separately (Paper II). To remove the large-amplitude outburst behavior from the raw light curve – i.e., to high-pass filter the data – we subtracted a boxcar-smoothed copy of the light curve from the SAP light curve. The window width was taken to be the superhump cycle length (2.2 hr or 135 points). To minimize the effects of data gaps, we split the data into a separate file anytime we had a data gap of more than 1 cycle. This resulted in 10 data chunks. Once the data residual light curve was calculated, we again recombined the data into a single file. The results for Q2, Q3, and Q4 are shown in Figures \[fig: reslc1\], \[fig: reslc2\], and \[fig: reslc3\], respectively. We also calculated the fractional amplitude light curve by dividing the raw light curve by the smoothed light curve, and subtracting 1.0. However, as expected, the amplitudes of the photometric signals in the residual light curve are more nearly constant than those in the fractional amplitude light curve. This is because the superhump signals – both positive and negative – have amplitudes determined by physical processes within the disk that are not strong functions of the overall disk luminosity. The Fourier Transform ===================== In Figure \[fig: 2dDFT\] we show the discrete Fourier transform amplitude spectra for the current data set. We took the transforms over 2000 frequency points spanning 0 to 70 cycles per day. Each transform is of a 5 day window of the data, and the window was moved roughly 1/2 day between subsequent transforms. The color scale indicates the logarithm of the residual count light curve amplitude in units of counts per cadence. In Figure \[fig: 2dDFTzoom\] we show a magnified view including only frequencies 9.5 to 12.5 c/d to better bring out the 3 fundamental frequencies in the system. Figures \[fig: 2dDFT\] and \[fig: 2dDFTzoom\] are rich with information. The positive superhumps ($P_+ = 2.20$ hr) dominate the power for days $\sim$58–80 and $\sim$162–190. In Figure \[fig: 2dDFTzoom\] we see the that time evolution of the fundamental oscillation frequency is remarkably similar in both superoutbursts. The dynamics behind this are discussed below in §5.2 where the O-C diagrams are presented. Once the majority of the mass that will accrete during the event has done so, the disk transitions back to the low state. This occurs roughly 15 d after superhump onset for V344 Lyr. During this transition, the disk source of the superhump modulation fades with the disk itself, and the stream source of the superhump modulation begins to dominate. A careful inspection of Figure \[fig: 2dDFT\] shows that at this time of transition between disk and stream superhumps, there is comparable power in the second harmonic (first overtone) as found in the fundamental. The behavior of the light curve and Fourier transform are more clearly displayed in Figure \[fig: trans\] which shows 2 days of the light curve during the transition period, and the associated Fourier transforms. In both cases, the “knee” in the superoutburst light curve (see Figure \[fig: lcrawflux3\] occurs just past the midpoint of the data sets. Although the second harmonic is strong in transition phase, the pulse shape of the disk superhump signal is sharply peaked so the fundamental remains prominent in the Fourier transform (see Figure \[fig: trans\]). As can clearly be seen in Figure \[fig: 2dDFTzoom\], the orbital period of $2.10$ hr (11.4 c/d) only becomes readily apparent in the Q4 data, starting at about day 200, and it dominates the Q4 Fourier transforms. Once identified in Q4, the orbital frequency appears to show some power in the week before the first superoutburst in Q2, and between days $\sim$130 and the second superoutburst in Q3. Note, however, that the amplitude of the orbital signal is roughly 1 order of magnitude smaller than the amplitude of the negative superhump signal, and as much as 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the amplitude of the positive superhump signal. In these data, the orbital signal is found only when the positive or negative superhump signals are weak or absent. We discuss the physical reason for this below. Finally, we note that we searched the Fourier transform of our [[*Kepler *]{}]{}short-cadence (SC) data out to the Nyquist frequency of 8.496 mHz for any significant high frequency power which might for example indicate accretion onto a spinning magnetic primary star (i.e., intermediate polar or DQ Her behavior). We found no reliable detection of higher frequencies in the data, beyond the well-known spurious frequencies present in [[*Kepler *]{}]{}time series data at multiples of the LC frequency [$n\times0.566427$ mHz $=$ 48.9393 $\rm c\ d^{-1}$ @gilliland10]. For a full list of possible spurious frequencies in the SC data, see the [*Kepler Data Characteristics Handbook*]{}. The Orbital Period ------------------ The orbital period is the most fundamental clock in a binary system. In the original Q2 data presented by @still10, the only frequencies that were clearly present in the data were the 2.20-hr (10.9 c/d) superhump period and the period observed at 2.06-hr (11.7 c/d). In Paper I we identified this latter signal as the orbital period but discussed the possibility that it is a negative superhump period. The Q3 data revealed a marginal detection of a period of 2.11 hr (11.4 c/d), and this period is found to dominate the Q4 data (see Figure \[fig: q4dft\]). The average pulse shape for this signal averaged over days 200-275 is shown in Figure \[fig: avelcporb\]. We can now safely identify this 2.11 hr (11.4 c/d) signal as the system orbital period, which then indicates that the 2.06 hr (11.7 c/d) signal is a negative superhump. The orbital period was determined using the method of non-linear least squares fitting a function of the form $$y(t) = A \sin[2\pi(t-T_0)/P].$$ The results of the fit are $$\begin{aligned} P &=& 0.087904\pm3\times10^{-6}\rm\ d,\\ &=& 2.109696\pm7\times10^{-5}\rm\ hr,\\ T_0 &=& {\rm BJD}\ 2455200.2080\pm0.0006,\\ A &=& 7.8\pm 0.1\rm\ e^-\ s^{-1}.\end{aligned}$$ Note that the amplitude is only roughly 25 mmag – an order of magnitude or more smaller than the peak amplitudes of the positive and negative superhumps in the system. That an orbital signal exists indicates that the system is not face-on. The source of the orbital signal of a non-superhumping CV can be either the variable flux along the line of site from a bright spot that is periodically shadowed as it sweeps around the back rim of the disk, or the so-called reflection effect as the face of the secondary star that is illuminated by the UV radiation of the disk rotates in to and out of view [e.g., @warner95]. In Figure \[fig: 2dDFTzoom\], we find that the orbital signal is never observed when the positive superhumps are present, but this is not a strong constraint as the positive superhump amplitude swamps that of the orbital signal. More revealing is the interplay between the orbital signal, the negative superhump signal, and the DN outbursts. In Q2 and Q3, the orbital signal appears only when the negative superhump signal is weak or absent. This is consistent with the idea that the addition of material from the accretion stream should bring the disk back to the orbital plane roughly on the mass-replacement time scale [@wb07; @wts09]. The strong negative superhump signal early in Q2 indicates a tilt of $\sim$5$^\circ$, sufficient for the accretion stream to avoid interaction with the disk rim for all phases except those in which the disk rim is along the line of nodes. As the disk tilt declines, however, an increasing fraction of the stream material will impact the disk rim and not the inner disk – in other words, the orbital signal will grow at the expense of the negative superhump signal. This appears to be consistent with the data in hand and if so would suggest that the orbital signal results from the bright spot in V344 Lyr, but the result is only speculative at present. In Figure \[fig: omc200275\] we show the O-C phase diagram for ${P_{\rm orb}}$. We fit 20 cycles for each point in the Figure, and moved the window 10 cycles between fits. The small apparent wanderings in phase result from interference from the other periods present, and also appear to correlate with the outbursts. We show the 2D DFT for days 200 to 275 in Figure \[fig: 2dDFTq4\]. Here we used a window width of 2 days, and shifted the window by 1/8th of a day between transforms. We show amplitude per cadence. The orbital signal appears to be increasing in amplitude slightly during Q4, perhaps as a result of the buildup of mass in the outer disk after several DN outbursts. The large amplitudes found for the orbital signal in Figure \[fig: omc200275\] during outbursts 17 and 19 (starting days $\sim$246.5 and 266, respectively) are spurious, resulting from the higher-frequency signals found on the decline from maximum in each case. As discussed below, outbursts 17 and 19 both show evidence for triggering a negative superhump signal, and the light curve for outburst 19 yields a complex Fourier transform that shows power at the orbital frequency, the negative superhump frequency, and at 12.3 c/d (1.95 hr). Observed Positive Superhumps ---------------------------- The light curve for V344 Lyr is rich in detail, and in particular provides the best data yet for exploring the time evolution of positive superhumps. As discussed above, the superhumps are first driven to resonance during the DN outburst that precedes the superoutburst as the heating wave transitions the outer disk to the high-viscosity state allowing the resonance to be driven to amplitudes that can modulate the system luminosity. Close inspection of the positive superhumps in Figures \[fig: reslc1\] and \[fig: reslc2\] shows that in both cases the amplitude of the superhump is initially quite small, but grows to saturation ($A\sim0.25$ mag) in roughly 16 cycles. There is a signal evident preceding the second superoutburst (days $\sim$156.5 to 161) – this is a blend of the orbital signal and a very weak negative superhump signal. The mean superhump period obtained by averaging the results from non-linear least squares fits to the disk superhump signal during the two superoutburst growth through plateau phases is $P_+ = 0.091769(3)\rm\ d = 2.20245(8) hr$. The errors quoted for the last significant digit are the [*formal*]{} errors from the fits summed in quadrature. The periods drift significantly during a superoutburst, however, indicating these formal error estimates should not be taken seriously. Using the periods found for the superhumps and orbit, we find a period excess of $\epsilon_+ = 4.4\%$. We plot the result for V344 Lyr with the results from the well-determined systems below the period gap listed in Table 9 of @patterson05 in Figure \[fig: epsvporb\]. The period excess for V344 Lyr is consistent with the existing data. In Figures \[fig: sh1panave\] and \[fig: sh2panave\] we show the time evolution of the mean pulse shape for the first and second superoutbursts. To create these Figures, we split the data into 5-day subsets ($\sim$50 cycles), with an overlap of roughly 2.5 days from one subset to the next. For each subset we computed a discreet Fourier transform and then folded the data on the period with the most power. The evolution of the mean pulse shape is similar to results published previously [e.g. @patterson03; @kato09; @kato10], however the quality of the [[*Kepler *]{}]{} data is such that we can test vigorously the model that has been slowly emerging in the past few years for the origin of the superhump light source, the evolution of the pulse shape and the physical origin of late superhumps. A comparison of the simulation light curve from Figure \[fig: sph+\] with the early mean pulse shapes shown in Figures \[fig: sh1panave\] and \[fig: sh2panave\] reveals a remarkable similarity, all the more remarkable given the very approximate nature of the artificial viscosity prescription used in the SPH calculations and the crude way in which the simulation light curves are calculated. If the comparison between data and model is correct, the SPH simulations illuminate the evolution of the positive superhumps from the early disk-dominated source to the late stream-dominated source. The signal observed early in the superoutburst is dominated by disk superhumps, where the disk at resonance is driven into a large-amplitude oscillation, and viscous dissipation in the strongly convergent flows that occur once per superhump cycle yield the characteristic large-amplitude superhumps seen in the top panels of Figures \[fig: sh1panave\] and \[fig: sh2panave\]. After $\sim$100 cycles ($\sim$10 d), a significant amount of mass has drained from the disk, and in particular from the driving region. The disk continues to oscillate in response to the driving even after it has transitioned back to the quiescent state, but the driving is off-resonance and the periodic viscous dissipation described above is much reduced. Thus, we agree with previous authors that the late/quiescent superhumps that have been observed result from the dissipation in the bright spot as it sweeps around the rim of the non-axisymmetric disk. To compute O-C phase diagrams for each superoutburst, we fit a 3-cycle sine curve with the mean period of 2.196 hr which yields a relatively constant O-C during the plateau phase. The results are shown in Figures \[fig: sh1omc\] and \[fig: sh2omc\]. The top panel shows the residual light curve as well as the SAP light curve smoothed with a window width of $P_+$ (135 points). The second panel shows the O-C phase diagram, and the third panel the amplitude of the fit. Also included in this Figure in the fourth panel are the periods of the positive superhumps during 2-day subsets of the residual light curve obtained with Fourier transforms. The horizontal bars show the extent of each data window. By differencing adjacent periods, we calculate the localized rate of period change of the superhumps $\dot P_+$. These results are shown in the bottom panel. As perhaps might be expected from the similarity in the evolution of the mean pulse profile during the two superoutbursts, the O-C phase diagrams as well as the evolution of the periods and localized rates of period change are also similar. Such diagrams can be illuminating in the study of superhumps, and @kato09 and @kato10 present a comprehensive population analysis of superhumps using this method. When the disk is first driven to oscillation in the growth and saturation phase, there is maximum mass at large radius, and the corresponding superhump period ($\sim$2.25 hr) is significantly longer than the mean, yielding a positive slope in the O-C diagram. The rate of period change estimated from the first 4 days of data for both superoutbursts is $\dot P_+ = -8\times 10^{-4}\ \rm s\ s^{-1}$. Roughly 10 cycles ($\sim1$ d for V344 Lyr) after the mode saturates with maximum amplitude, sufficient mass has drained from the outer disk that the superhump period has decreased to the mean, and the superhump period continues to decrease out to $E\sim100$ as the precession rate slows as a result of the decreasing mean radius of the flexing, non-axisymmetric disk. The period at this time is roughly 2.19 hr for both superoutbursts, and the rate of period change between cycles 30 and 70 which includes the early plateau phase before the stream signal becomes important is $\dot P_+ = -1.8\times 10^{-4}\ \rm s\ s^{-1}$. Between cycles $\sim$110 and 150, the O-C phase diagrams in Figures \[fig: sh1omc\] and \[fig: sh2omc\] show phase shifts of $\sim$0.5 cycles. This is the result of the continued fading of the disk superhump, and the transition to the stream/late superhump signal. Careful inspection of the top panels of Figures \[fig: sh1omc\] and \[fig: sh2omc\] near days 68 and 174 in fact shows the decreasing amplitude of the disk superhump, and the relatively constant amplitude of the stream superhump. By cycle $\sim150$ (days $\sim$72 and 176), the disk superhump amplitude is negligible, and all that remains is the signal from the stream superhump. The smoothed SAP light curve shown in the top panel shows that these times correspond to the return to the quiescent state during which the global viscosity is again low. It is also interesting that $\dot P_+$ itself appears to be increasing relatively linearly during much of the plateau phase with an average rate of $\ddot P \sim$$10^{-9}\rm\ s^{-1}$. At present this is not explained by the numerical simulations. It may simply be that this result reflects the growing relative importance of the stream superhump signal on the phase of the 3-cycle sine fit. This is almost certainly the case during the period peaks found at days $\sim$71 and 175, where we find that the sine fits are pulled to longer period by the complex and rapidly changing waveform (e.g., Figure \[fig: trans\]). In the quiescent interval before the first subsequent outburst the O-C diagram shows a concave-downward shape indicating a negative ${\dot P_+}\sim -2\times10^{-4}\ \rm s\ s^{-1}$. We speculate that the behavior of the O-C curve in response to the outburst following the first superoutburst may indicate that the outburst may effectively expand the radius of the disk causing a faster apsidal precession. Unfortunately, there is a gap in the [[*Kepler *]{}]{}data that starts just after the initial rise of the outburst following the second superoutburst. The value of ${\dot P_+}$ averaged over the the last 2 measured bins for both superoutbursts is ${\dot P_+}\sim -3\times10^{-4}\ \rm s\ s^{-1}$. The measured values of ${\dot P_+}$ for V344 Lyr are consistent with those reported in the extensive compilation of @kato09. To make a direct comparison with Kato et al., who calculate ${\dot P_+}$ over the first 200 cycles (i.e., plateau phase), we average all the ${\dot P_+}$ measurements out to the drop to quiescence, and find an average value of $-6\times10^{-5} \ \rm s\ s^{-1}$ for the first superoutburst and $-9\times10^{-5} \ \rm s\ s^{-1}$ for the second. These values for V344 Lyr are entirely consistent with the Kato et al. results as shown in their Figure 8. In @still10 we noted that V344 Lyr was unusual (but not unique) in that superhumps persist into quiescence and through the following outburst in Q2. Other systems that have been observed to show (late) superhumps into quiescence more typically have short orbital periods, including V1159 Ori [@patterson95], ER UMa [@gao99; @zhao06], WZ Sge [@patterson02wzsge], and the WZ Sge-like star V466 And [@chochol10], among others. The identification of late superhumps is a matter of contention in some cases [@kato09], and the post-superoutburst coverage of targets is more sparse than the coverage during superoutbursts. Thus it is difficult to know if post-superoutburst superhumps are common or rare at this time. Observed Negative Superhumps ---------------------------- As noted above in §2.2, the 2.06-hr (11.4 c/d) signal that dominates the light curve for the first $\sim$35 days of Q2 is now understood to be the result of a negative superhump. This yields a value for the period deficit (Equation \[eq: eps-\]) of $\epsilon_- = 2.5$%. The maximum amplitude at quiescence is $A\sim0.8$ mag. Figure \[fig: aveneglc\] shows 10 cycles of the negative superhump signal during this time. The inset shows the mean pulse shape averaged over days 5 to 25 (roughly 230 cycles). The signal is approximately sawtoothed with a rise time roughly twice the fall time. It appears consistent with the pulse shapes @wb07 obtained using ray-trace techniques on 3D simulations of tilted disks (their Figure 3). Negative superhumps dominate the power in days $\sim$2–35 and again in days $\sim$100–160. The signal observed near the beginning of Q2 reveals a remarkably large rate of period change – large enough that it can be seen in the harmonics of the Fourier transform shown in Figure \[fig: 2dDFT\] as a negative slope towards lower frequency with time. A nonlinear least squares fit to the fundamental period measured during days 2.5-7.5 yields $P_-=2.05006\pm0.00005$ hr. A fit to the data from days 22–26, however, yields $P_-=2.06273\pm0.00005$ hr. The formal errors from non-linear least squares fits underestimate the true errors by as much an order of magnitude [@mo99], but even if this is the case, these two results differ by $\sim$25$\sigma$. Taken at face value, they yield a rate of period change of $\dot P_- \sim 3\times10^{-5}\rm\ s\ s^{-1}$. Similarly, we fit the negative superhump periods in two 4-day windows centered on days 112.0 and 121.0. The periods obtained from non-linear least squares are $P_- = 2.0530 \pm 0.0002$ hr and $P_- = 2.066038 \pm 0.00008$ hr, respectively, which yields $\dot P_- \sim 6\times10^{-5}\rm\ s\ s^{-1}$ over this time span. In their recent comprehensive analysis of the evolution of CVs as revealed by their donor stars, @knigge11 estimate that for systems with ${P_{\rm orb}}\sim2$ hr the rate of orbital period change should be $\dot {P_{\rm orb}}\sim-7\times10^{14}\rm\ s\ s^{-1}$ (see their Figure 11). Clearly the $\sim$2.06-hr signal cannot be orbital in origin. In some negatively superhumping systems with high inclinations, the precessing tilted disk can modulate the mean brightness [e.g. @stanishev02]. We found no significant signal in the Fourier transform at the precession period of $\sim$3.6 d. In Figure \[fig: negshomc\] we show the results of the O-C analysis for the Q2 data. To create the Figure, we fit 5-cycle sine curves of period 2.05 hr to the residual light curve, shifting the data by one cycle between fits. The shape of the O-C diagram is concave up until the peak of the first outburst at day $\sim$28 indicating that the period of the signal is lengthening during this time span. The magnitude of the negative superhump period deficit is inversely related to the retrograde precession period of the tilted disk – a shorter precession period yields a larger period deficit. A disk that was not precessing at all would show a negative superhump period equal to the orbital period. The observation that the negative superhump period in V344 Lyr is lengthening during days $\sim$2 to 27 indicates that the precession period of the tilted disk is increasing (i.e., the rate of precession is decreasing). Coincident with the first DN outburst (outburst 1) in Q2, there is a cusp in the O-C diagram, indicating a jump to shorter period (faster retrograde precession rate). The amplitude of the signal begins to decline significantly following outburst 1, and the signal is effectively quenched by outburst 2. Note that between days $\sim$28 and 35 the O-C diagram is again concave up, although with less curvature than before outburst 1. We show the 2D DFT of the pre-superoutburst Q2 data in Figure \[fig: 2dDFTq2\]. Here we used a window width of 2 days that was shifted 1/8 day between transforms. We plot the amplitude in counts per cadence. It is evident that outburst 1 shifts the oscillation frequency, as well quenching the amplitude of the signal. Outburst 2 triggers a short-lived signal with a period of roughly 11.9 c/d (2.02 hr), and outburst 3 appears to generate signals near the frequencies of the negative and positive superhumps that rapidly evolve to higher and lower frequencies, respectively, only to fade to to noise background by the end of the outburst. Outburst 3 has a somewhat slower rise to maximum than most of the outbursts in the time series and is the last outburst before the first superoutburst, but is otherwise unremarkable. This is the only time we see this behavior in the 3 quarters of data we present, so it is unclear what the underlying physical mechanism is. Although much of the Q3 light curve is dominated by the negative superhump signal, the amplitude is much lower than early in Q2, and in addition there is contamination from the orbital and positive superhump signals. In Figure \[fig: 2dDFTq3\] we show the 2D DFT for the Q3 data between days 93 and 162, again showing the amplitude in counts per cadence versus time and frequency. We used a window width of 2 days that was shifted 1/8 day between transforms. In Figure \[fig: negshomc2\] we show the O-C phase diagram obtained by fitting a 5-cycle sine curve of period 2.06 hr to data spanning days 93.2 to 140.0. The amplitude during this time is considerably smaller than was the case for the Q2 negative superhumps. Before day 106, there appears to be contamination from periodicities near the superhump frequency of 10.9 c/d that are evident in Figure \[fig: 2dDFTq3\], and after day 126 the signal fades dramatically. It was only during days 106.5 to 123.2 that the amplitude of the negative superhump signal was large enough, stable enough, and uncontaminated to yield a clean O-C phase diagram. These data lie between outbursts 8 and 9, and comprise the longest quiescent stretch in Q3. It can be seen that the O-C curve is again concave upward indicating a positive rate of period change as calculated above, and the bottom panel indicates that the amplitude of the signal is increasing during this time span. The retrograde precession rate of a tilted accretion disk is a direct function of the effective (mass weighted) radius of the disk. Several groups have studied the precession properties of tilted disks [@papterq95; @larwood96; @larwood98; @lp97; @lai99]. @papaloizou97 derived the following expression for the induced precession frequency $\omega_p$ of a tilted accretion disk, $$\omega_p = -{3\over 4}{GM_2\over a^3} {\int\Sigma r^3\, dr\over \int \Sigma\Omega r^3\, dr}\,\cos\delta \label{eq: pt95}$$ where $\omega_p$ is the leading-order term of the induced precession frequency for a differentially rotating fluid disk, calculated using linear perturbation theory, $\Sigma(r)$ is the axisymmetric surface density profile and $\Omega(r)$ the unperturbed Keplerian angular velocity profile, $a$ is the orbital separation, $M_2$ is the mass of the secondary, and $\delta$ is the tilt of the disk with respect to the orbital plane. The integrals are to be taken between the inner and outer radii of the disk. In a later study of the precession of tilted accretion disks, @larwood97 [and see Larwood (1998)] derived the expression for the precession frequency of a disk with constant surface density $\Sigma$ and polytropic equation of state with ratio of specific heats equal to 5/3: $${\omega_p\over\Omega_0} = -{3\over 7}q\left({R_0\over a}\right)^3\cos\delta, \label{eq: larwood}$$ where here $\Omega_0$ is the Keplerian angular velocity of the outer disk of radius $R_0$, and $q$ is the mass ratio. The physical interpretation of Equations \[eq: pt95\] and \[eq: larwood\] is that tilted accretion disks weighted to larger radii will have higher precession frequencies than those weighted to smaller radii. For example, if we have 2 disks with the same nominal tilt and total mass, where one has a constant surface density and the other with a surface density that increases with radius, the second disk will have a higher precession rate, and would yield a negative superhump frequency higher than the first. A third disk with most of its mass concentrated at small radius would have a lower precession frequency and yield a negative superhump signal nearest the orbital signal. In this picture the increasing precession period indicated by the positive rate of period change for the negative superhump signal $\dot P_-$ might at first seem counter-intuitive since the disk is gaining mass at quiescence. However, the key fact is that tilted disks accrete most of their mass at [*small*]{} radii, since the accretion stream impacts the face of the tilted disk along the line of nodes [@wb07; @wts09]. The accretion stream impacts the rim of the disk only twice per orbit (refer back to Figure \[fig: sph-\]). Thus, the effective (mass weighted) radius of an accreting tilted disk [*decreases*]{} with time, causing a slowing in the retrograde precession rate $\omega_p$, and an increase in the period of the negative superhump signal $P_-$. A detailed analysis of the data, theory, and numerical model results should allow us to probe the time evolution of the mass distribution in disks undergoing negative superhumps, and hence the low-state viscosity mechanism. The unprecedented quality and quantity of the [[*Kepler *]{}]{}time series data suggests that V344 Lyr and perhaps other [[*Kepler *]{}]{}-field CVs that display negative superhumps may significantly advance our understanding of the evolution of the mass distribution in tilted accretion disks. The cause of disk tilts in CVs is still not satisfactorily explained. In the low-mass x-ray binaries it is believed that radiation pressure can provide the force necessary to tilt the disk out of the orbital plane [@petterson77; @ip90; @foulkes06; @ip08], however this mechanism is not effective in the CV scenario. @bow88 suggested in their work on TV Col that magnetic fields near the L1 region might deflect the accretion stream out of the orbital plane, but as noted in @wb07 the orbit-averaged angular momentum vector of a deflected stream would still be parallel to the orbital angular momentum variable. @murrayea02 demonstrated numerically that a disk tilt could be generated by instantaneously turning on a magnetic field on the secondary star. Although their tilt decayed with time (the orbit-averaged angular momentum argument again), their results suggest that changing magnetic field geometries could generate disk tilt. Assuming that the disk viscosity is controlled by the MRI [@bh98; @balbus03], it is plausible that differentially-rotating plasmas may also be subject to magnetic reconnection events (flares) which are asymmetrical with respect to the disk plane, or that during an outburst the intensified disk field may couple to the tilted dipole field on the primary star [e.g., @lai99] or the field of the secondary star [@murrayea02]. With these ideas in mind, the behavior of V344 Lyr during outbursts 2, 10, 11, 17, and 19 is tantalizing. First, again consider the 2D DFTs from Q2, Q3, and Q4 shown in Figures \[fig: 2dDFTq2\], \[fig: 2dDFTq3\] and \[fig: 2dDFTq4\], respectively. In each of these cases, there is power generated at a frequency consistent with the negative superhump frequency on the decline from maximum light. Outbursts 2 and 10 appear to excite a frequency of roughly 12 c/d ($\sim$2 hr), outburst 17 excites the negative superhump frequency for $\sim$3 days, and outbursts 11 and 19 appear to excite power at the negative superhump frequency that rapidly evolves to shorter frequencies. We show the SAP light curves for these outbursts as well as the residual light curves in Figure \[fig: dnofig\]. The residual light curves for these 5 outbursts all appear to show the excitation of a frequency near or slightly greater than the negative superhump frequency that dominates early in Q2. This is about 1/3 of the normal outbursts in the 3 quarters of [[*Kepler *]{}]{}data – the other 12 outbursts do not show evidence for having excited new frequencies. Thus, while additional data are clearly required and our conclusions are speculative, we suggest that these results support a model in which the disk tilt is generated by the transitory (impulsive) coupling between an intensified disk magnetic field and the field of the primary or secondary star. The fact that these 5 outburst events yield frequencies near 12 c/d appears to support the model that it is the mass in the outer disk that is initially tilted out of the plane. Conclusions =========== We present the results of the analysis of 3 quarters of [[*Kepler *]{}]{}time series photometric data from the system V344 Lyr. Our major findings are: 1. The orbital, negative superhump, and positive superhump periods are ${P_{\rm orb}}=2.11$ hr, $P_- = 2.06$ hr, and $P_+ = 2.20$ hr, giving a positive superhump period excess of $\epsilon_+ = 4.4$%, and a negative superhump period deficit of $\epsilon_- = 2.5$%. 2. The quality of the [[*Kepler *]{}]{}data is such that we can constrain significantly the models for accretion disk dynamics that have been proposed in the past several years. 3. The evolution of the pulse shapes and phases of the positive superhump residual light curve provides convincing evidence in support of the two-source model for positive superhumps. Early in the superoutburst, viscous dissipation in the strongly convergent flows of the flexing disk provide the modulation observed at the superhump frequency. Once the system has returned to quiescence, the modulation is caused by the periodically-variable dissipation at the bright spot as it sweeps around the rim of the still non-axisymmetric, flexing disk. During the transition the O-C phase diagram shows a shift of $\sim0.5$ in phase. 4. Superoutbursts begin as normal DN outbursts. The rise to superoutburst is largely explained by the thermal-viscous limit cycle model discussed in Paper II. Beyond this luminosity source which does a reasonable job of matching the lower envelope of the superoutburst light curve, there is additional periodic dissipation that generates the superhump signals. The sources of the periodic dissipation are (i) the strongly convergent flows that are generated once per superhump cycle as the disk is compressed in the radial direction opposite the secondary, and (ii) the variable depth of the bright spot as it sweeps around the rim of the non-axisymmetric oscillating disk. 5. Numerical experiments that individually isolate the two proposed physical sources of the positive superhump signal yield results that are broadly consistent with the signals in the data. 6. The positive superhumps show significant changes in period that occur in both superoutbursts. The average $\dot P_+ \sim 6\times10^{-5}\rm\ s\ s^{-1}$ for the first superoutburst and $\dot P_+ \sim 9\times10^{-5}\rm\ s\ s^{-1}$ for the second are consistent with literature results. The data reveal that $\dot P_+$ itself appears to be increasing relatively linearly during much of the plateau phase at an average rate for the two superoutbursts of $\ddot P \sim$$10^{-9}\rm\ s^{-1}$. 7. The negative superhumps show significant changes in period with time, resulting from the changing mass distribution (moment of inertia) of the tilted disk. As the mass of the inner disk increases before outburst 1, the retrograde precession period increases, consistent with theoretical predictions. These data are rich with unmined information. 8. Negative superhumps appear to be excited as a direct result of some of the dwarf nova outbursts. We speculate that the MRI-intensified disk field can couple to the field of the primary or secondary star and provide an impulse that tilts the disk out of the orbital plane. Continued monitoring by [[*Kepler *]{}]{}promises to shed light on this important unsolved problem. The system V344 Lyr continues to be monitored at short cadence by the [[*Kepler *]{}]{}mission. It will undoubtedly become the touchstone system against which observations of all other SU UMa CVs will be compared, as the quantity and quality of the time series data are unprecedented in the history of the study of cataclysmic variables. The [[*Kepler *]{}]{}data for V344 Lyr promise to reveal details of the micro- and macrophysics of stellar accretion disks that would be impossible to obtain from ground-based observations. [[*Kepler *]{}]{}was selected as the 10th mission of the Discovery Program. Funding for this mission is provided by NASA, Science Mission Directorate. All of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Multimission Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NAG5-7584 and by other grants and contracts. This research was supported in part by the American Astronomical Society’s Small Research Grant Program in the form of page charges. We thank Marcus Hohlmann from the Florida Institute of Technology and the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office in the Dept. of Homeland Security for making computing resources on a Linux cluster available for this work. We thank Joseph Patterson of Columbia University for sending us the data used in Figure 19 in electronic form. [*Facilities:*]{} Ak, T., Bilir, S., Ak, S., & Eker, Z. 2008, New Astronomy, 13, 133 Balbus, S. A. 2003, , 41, 555 Balbus, S. A., & Hawley, J. F. 1998, Reviews of Modern Physics, 70, 1 Barrett, P., O’Donoghue, D., & Warner, B. 1988, , 233, 759 Bildsten L., Townsley D. M., Deloye C. J., Nelemans G., 2006, ApJ, 640, 466 Bonnet-Bidaud, J. M., Motch, C., & Mouchet, M. 1985, , 143, 313 Borucki, W. 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H., & Odonoghue, D. 1999, Delta Scuti Star Newsletter, 13, 28 Murray J. R., Chakrabarty D., Wynn G. A., Kramer L., 2002, MNRAS, 335, 247 Nelemans, G. 2005, in ASP Conf. Ser. 330, The Astrophysics of Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects, ed. J.-M. Hameury & J.-P. Lasota (San Francisco: ASP), 27 Nelemans, G., Steeghs, D., & Groot, P. J. 2001, , 326, 621 O’Donoghue, D., & Charles, P. A. 1996, , 282, 191 Osaki, Y. 1985, , 144, 369 Osaki, Y. 1989, , 41, 1005 Papaloizou, J. C. B., Larwood, J. D., Nelson, R. P., & Terquem, C. 1997, Accretion Disks - New Aspects, 487, 182 Papaloizou, J. C. B., & Terquem, C. 1995, , 274, 987 Patterson, J. 1999, in Disk Instabilities in Close Binary Systems, eds. S. Mineshige and J. C. Wheeler, (Kyoto: Universal Acad. Press), 61 Patterson, J., Halpern, J., & Shambrook, A. 1993, , 419, 803 Patterson, J., Jablonski, F., Koen, C., O’Donoghue, D., & Skillman, D. R. 1995, , 107, 1183 Patterson, J., Kemp, J., Jensen, L., Vanmunster, T., Skillman, D. R., Martin, B., Fried, R., & Thorstensen, J. R. 2000, , 112, 1567 Patterson, J., Sterner, E., Halpern, J. P., & Raymond, J. C. 1992, , 384, 234 Patterson, J., Thomas, G., Skillman, D. R., & Diaz, M. 1993, , 86, 235 Patterson, J., et al. 2002, , 114, 65 Patterson, J., et al. 2002, , 114, 721 Patterson, J., et al. 2003, , 115, 1308 Patterson, J., et al. 2005, , 117, 1204 Petterson J. A., 1977, ApJ, 216, 827 Provencal, J. L., et al. 1995, , 445, 927 Retter, A., Leibowitz, E. M., & Ofek, E. O. 1997, , 286, 745 Retter, A., Chou, Y., Bedding, T. R., & Naylor, T. 2002, , 330, L37 Roelofs, G. H. A., Groot, P. J., Nelemans, G., Marsh, T. R., & Steeghs, D. 2007, , 379, 176 Rolfe, D. J., Haswell, C. A., & Patterson, J. 2001, , 324, 529 Schoembs, R. 1986, , 158, 233 Simpson, J. C., & Wood, M. A. 1998, , 506, 360 Skillman, D. R., Harvey, D., Patterson, J., & Vanmunster, T. 1997, , 109, 114 Skillman, D. R., Patterson, J., Kemp, J., Harvey, D. A., Fried, R. E., Retter, A., Lipkin, Y., & Vanmunster, T. 1999, , 111, 1281 Smak, J. 1967, Acta Astron., 17, 255 Smak, J. 2007, Acta Astron., 57, 87 Smak, J. 2008, Acta Astron., 58, 55 Smak, J. 2009, Acta Astron., 59, 121 Smak, J. 2010, Acta Astron., 60, 357 Smak, J. 2011, Acta Astron., 61, 59 Smith, A. J., Haswell, C. A., Murray, J. R., Truss, M. R., & Foulkes, S. B. 2007, , 378, 785 Solheim, J.-E. 2010, , 122, 1133 Stanishev, V., Kraicheva, Z., Boffin, H. M. J., & Genkov, V. 2002, , 394, 625 Sterken, C., Vogt, N., Schreiber, M. R., Uemura, M., & Tuvikene, T. 2007, , 463, 1053 Still, M., Howell, S. B., Wood, M. A., Cannizzo, J. K., & Smale, A. P. 2010, , 717, L113 Templeton, M. R., et al. 2006, , 118, 236 Van Cleve, J., ed. 2010, Kepler Data Release Notes 6, KSCI-019046-001. Vogt, N. 1982, , 252, 653 Warner, B. 1995a, Cataclysmic Variable Stars (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) Warner, B. 1995b, , 225, 249 Whitehurst, R. 1988, , 232, 35 Wood, M. A., et al. 2005, , 634, 570 Wood, M. A., & Burke, C. J. 2007, , 661, 1042 Wood, J., Horne, K., Berriman, G., Wade, R., O’Donoghue, D., & Warner, B. 1986, , 219, 629 Wood, M. A., Montgomery, M. M., & Simpson, J. C. 2000, , 535, L39 Wood, M. A., Thomas, D. M., & Simpson, J. C. 2009, , 398, 2110 Woudt, P. A., Warner, B., Osborne, J., & Page, K. 2009, , 395, 2177 Zhao, Y., Li, Z., Wu, X., Peng, Q., Zhang, Z., & Li, Z. 2006, , 58, 367 [^1]: For completeness, we note that recently Smak (2009, 2011) has proposed that the standard model, described above, does not explain the physical source of observed superhump oscillations. Instead, he suggests that irradiation on the face of the secondary is modulated, which yields a modulated mass transfer rate $\dot M_{\rm L1}$, which in turn results in modulated dissipation of the kinetic energy of the stream.
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中韩（长春）国际合作示范区揭牌仪式在长春举行 - 每好生活 - 每每惠生活 - Powered by MmH
每每惠生活»社区 › 乐享生活 › 每好生活 › 中韩（长春）国际合作示范区揭牌仪式在长春举行
[生活焦点] 中韩（长春）国际合作示范区揭牌仪式在长春举行
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smartxueqi 发表于 2020-6-30 14:41:40 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
2020-6-30 14:41:40 96 0 看全部
作者：吉林日报全媒体小编 缪友银/文 宋锴/摄
smartxueqi 女
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<?php namespace Guzzle\Plugin\Cache; use Guzzle\Common\Exception\InvalidArgumentException; use Guzzle\Http\Message\RequestInterface; /** * Determines a request's cache key using a callback */ class CallbackCacheKeyProvider implements CacheKeyProviderInterface { /** * @var \Closure|array|mixed Callable method */ protected $callback; /** * @param \Closure|array|mixed $callback Callable method to invoke * @throws InvalidArgumentException */ public function __construct($callback) { if (!is_callable($callback)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('Method must be callable'); } $this->callback = $callback; } /** * {@inheritdoc} */ public function getCacheKey(RequestInterface $request) { return call_user_func($this->callback, $request); } }
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【朝阳二手2-Eleven(进口)价格_朝阳二手路特斯2-Eleven(进口)报价】-273二手车网
当前位置：朝阳二手车 > 朝阳二手车交易网 > 朝阳二手跑车 > 朝阳二手路特斯 > 朝阳二手路特斯2-Eleven(进口)
城市：朝阳级别：跑车品牌：路特斯车系：2-Eleven(进口)清除全部条件 级 别
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Social Mining using R 1. 200 tweets are extracted from hashtag “#california” and 200 from hashtag “#newyork”. 2. Then create 2 corpus from the 2 datasets. 3. Preprocess the corpus using {tm} package from R. 4. Compute and display the most frequent terms (words) in each corpus. 5. Create 2 word clouds from the most frequent terms. 6. Compute the sentiment scores, i.e. determine whether words used in the tweets are more positively or negatively charged (emotionally).  ###Sentiment scores summary:### In general, tweets from both states have positive sentiments. However, it seem like tweets from #california appear to have a more negative connotation than #newyork. ## Facebook API ## 1. Consume 100 most recent Facebook posts by user “joebiden” using getPage() from R’s {RFacebook} package. a. Find the most liked post and it’s popularity. b. Find the most commented post and the number of comments. c. Create a word cloud based on the most popular words used in the most commented post. 2. Consume 100 most recent Facebook posts containing the word “petaluma” using searchPages(). a. Rank the most frequent words and display a barplot of it.
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8090奇迹来了攻城战可以获得什么称号_r2攻城战营地_吸血鬼骑士的不乖宠儿
最强战皇称号
奇迹来了许多玩家会看到上面的攻城图标，那么攻城战可以获得什么称号。3.击破第三道城门(龙塔入口开启)，进入3城后建议击破减速雕像。1.攻城前通过冰风谷战盟使者进入龙塔内找NPC长老修理好城门和雕像。
奇迹来了热血的时曜沮逍阮刻必然是攻城战了，这是大家展示实力的时刻，许多玩家都期待着能够参与攻城战，可是难免有不明白参与方式的玩家，下面就让体验过攻城战刺激的小编来说说攻城战几点申请以及超过几点不可以申请攻城战吧。 攻城战的规则： 1.开服第四天后，开启攻城战 2.战盟盟主或副盟主可申请攻城 3.申请时间为每日00：00-12：00申请时间为每日00：00-12：00 4.攻城开始于晚上20：00，持续2小时，由冰风谷战盟使者处进入攻城地图 5.如果本日无战盟申请攻城则本次攻城取消 攻守流程 攻城方： 1.攻破第一道城门的任意一个，进入1城后建议击破守护石像(非必须) 2.攻破第二道城门的任意一个，进入2城后建议击破守护石像(非必须) 3.攻破第三道城门后摧毁3城守护石像(必须)，开启龙塔入口攻破第三道城门后摧毁3城守护石像(必须)，开启龙塔入口 4.进入龙塔，龙塔入口持续30分钟 5.龙塔入口关闭后龙塔内最终剩余的战盟为获胜战盟 守城方： 1.攻城前通过冰风谷战盟使者进入龙塔内找NPC长老修理城门和守护石像 2.在外城守护城门和守护石像，组织攻城方进入龙塔 3.龙塔入口开启后进入龙塔，保卫龙塔清除战盟以外的人 胜利方奖励：
奇迹来了热血的时曜沮逍阮刻必然是攻城战了，这是大家展示实力的时刻，许多玩家都期待着能够参与攻城战，可是难免有不明白参与方式的玩家，下面就让体验过攻城战刺激的小编来说说攻城战怎么刷奖励，参与攻城战有哪些流程吧。 攻城战的规则： 1.开服第四天后，开启攻城战 2.战盟盟主或副盟主可申请攻城 3.申请时间为每日00：00-12：00申请时间为每日00：00-12：00 4.攻城开始于晚上20：00，持续2小时，由冰风谷战盟使者处进入攻城地图 5.如果本日无战盟申请攻城则本次攻城取消 攻守流程 攻城方： 1.攻破第一道城门的任意一个，进入1城后建议击破守护石像(非必须) 2.攻破第二道城门的任意一个，进入2城后建议击破守护石像(非必须) 3.攻破第三道城门后摧毁3城守护石像(必须)，开启龙塔入口攻破第三道城门后摧毁3城守护石像(必须)，开启龙塔入口 4.进入龙塔，龙塔入口持续30分钟 5.龙塔入口关闭后龙塔内最终剩余的战盟为获胜战盟 守城方： 1.攻城前通过冰风谷战盟使者进入龙塔内找NPC长老修理城门和守护石像 2.在外城守护城门和守护石像，组织攻城方进入龙塔 3.龙塔入口开启后进入龙塔，保卫龙塔清除战盟以外的人 胜利方奖励：
8090奇迹来了攻城战怎么玩比较好
屠城。 在游戏中，关于攻城之战的申请规则：申请时间：开服第4天后，开启攻城战，每天的0：00到12：00申请当日攻城战，攻城战将于当天20：00~22:00开启申请条件：申请人必须是战盟盟主或副盟主，且需要攻城战号角*1（商城可以购买），金币200W。 游戏中攻城战规则：.攻城晚上20:00，开始持攻城晚上20:00，开始持续2小时，由冰风谷战盟使者进入攻城地图，如果本日无战盟申请攻城战，则取消。攻城方：攻破第一道城门的任意一个人，进入一城后建议击破守护石像（非必须）攻破第二道城门的任意一个人，进入二城后建议击破守护石像（非必须），攻破第三道城门后摧毁3城守护石像（必须），开启龙塔入口。进入龙塔，龙塔入口持续30秒。龙塔入口关闭，龙塔内最终最终剩余的战盟为获胜战盟。 至于守城方，攻城前通过冰风谷战盟使者进入龙塔内找NPC长老修理城门和石像守护。在外城守护城门和石像，阻止攻城方进入龙塔。龙塔入口开启后进入龙塔，保护龙塔清楚战盟以外的人。作为胜利的一方，将会得到丰厚的奖励回报：战盟盟主在攻城界面领取钻石和金币奖励，战盟盟主获得
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/7 - 21. Find j, given that y(j) = 0. 0, 1, 3 Factor -8/13*w**3 + 2/13*w**2 - 10/13*w**4 + 0*w + 0. -2*w**2*(w + 1)*(5*w - 1)/13 Let p(g) be the second derivative of 2*g**6/105 - g**5/35 - g**4/21 + 2*g**3/21 - 11*g. Factor p(t). 4*t*(t - 1)**2*(t + 1)/7 Let a(g) be the third derivative of -1/60*g**5 + 1/210*g**7 + 0*g**3 + 0 + 1/336*g**8 - 1/120*g**6 + 0*g**4 - g**2 + 0*g. Find x such that a(x) = 0. -1, 0, 1 Let o(n) = -4*n**5 + 7*n**4 - 3*n**3 - 5*n**2 + 2*n. Let h(j) = -4*j**5 + 8*j**4 - 4*j**3 - 4*j**2 + 2*j. Let m(l) = -3*h(l) + 2*o(l). Factor m(s). 2*s*(s - 1)**3*(2*s + 1) Let k(q) be the first derivative of q**4/4 + q**3/3 - 3. Factor k(f). f**2*(f + 1) Let y(d) = 5*d**3 - 2*d**2 + 2*d - 1. Let o be y(1). Solve 26*x**o + 61*x**4 - 27*x**2 - 8*x + 2*x - 63*x**5 + 9*x**3 + 0*x = 0. -1/3, -2/7, 0, 1 Let s = 146 - 144. Suppose 8/9*l**s + 2/9 + 10/9*l = 0. What is l? -1, -1/4 Let j(p) = p**4 + p**3 + p**2 - p. Let q(o) = 10*o**4 + 12*o**3 - 6*o**2 - 8*o. Let w(n) = -4*j(n) + q(n). Factor w(v). 2*v*(v - 1)*(v + 2)*(3*v + 1) Let k = 89 - 444/5. Let u be 1 + (-4)/2 - -1. Factor -2/5*n**3 + k*n**2 + u + 0*n + 1/5*n**4. n**2*(n - 1)**2/5 Suppose -15 = -7*b + 2*b. Factor -3*r**4 + 0*r**3 + 2*r**3 + 4*r**4 - b*r**2 + 4*r**2. r**2*(r + 1)**2 Let u(t) = t + 4. Let v be u(0). Let h(j) be the second derivative of 1/6*j**2 + 0 + 1/36*j**v + j - 1/9*j**3. Determine g, given that h(g) = 0. 1 Suppose t**4 - 13*t - 6*t**3 - 19*t - 5 + 48*t - 10*t + 4*t**2 = 0. What is t? -1, 1, 5 Let o(m) be the third derivative of 1/24*m**4 - 1/30*m**5 + 0*m + 0*m**3 - 2*m**2 + 0 + 1/120*m**6. Solve o(h) = 0. 0, 1 Let c be (-9)/(-6) + (-66)/4. Let s be ((-10)/c)/(1*2). Let -1/3*p**2 + 1/3*p**4 + 0 - 1/3*p + s*p**3 = 0. Calculate p. -1, 0, 1 Let g(h) be the third derivative of -h**9/37800 - h**8/8400 + h**6/900 + h**5/300 + h**4/12 - h**2. Let j(k) be the second derivative of g(k). Factor j(v). -2*(v - 1)*(v + 1)**3/5 Find o such that -6*o**2 - 296*o**3 + 298*o**3 + 4*o**4 - 2*o + 2*o**4 = 0. -1, -1/3, 0, 1 Factor -22*c**2 + 3*c**3 + 6*c**3 + 4*c + 9*c**3. 2*c*(c - 1)*(9*c - 2) Let g be (-6)/(-21) + 12/7. Determine i, given that 2*i**4 + 8*i**2 + i**4 - 4*i**2 + g*i**2 + 9*i**3 = 0. -2, -1, 0 Let p(y) = -22*y - 2. Let u be p(1). Let z = 26 + u. Let -1/3 + x**4 - 2/3*x**z - 1/3*x**5 - 2/3*x**3 + x = 0. What is x? -1, 1 Let g = -111 + 113. Let y(f) be the first derivative of 1/9*f**4 + 0*f**3 + 2/45*f**5 - g - 2/9*f - 2/9*f**2. Determine i, given that y(i) = 0. -1, 1 Let r(q) be the second derivative of q**6/135 - q**5/30 + q**4/27 - 30*q. Factor r(f). 2*f**2*(f - 2)*(f - 1)/9 Suppose -4*f - 2*n - 4 = 12, -3*f - 4*n - 2 = 0. Let w(s) = 6 - 4*s**2 + 0 - 3. Let r(q) = -9*q**2 + 7. Let d(l) = f*r(l) + 14*w(l). Factor d(c). -2*c**2 Let g(y) = -8*y**2 + 4*y - 5. Suppose -5*f - 5*i - 5 = 0, -3*i - 12 = i. Let h = -1 + f. Let q(m) = -m**2 - 1. Let w(p) = h*g(p) - 4*q(p). Factor w(c). -(2*c - 1)**2 Factor 3*n + 3*n + 3*n**2 + 6 + 3*n. 3*(n + 1)*(n + 2) Let c(y) = -y**2 - 6*y + 16. Let i be c(-7). Let b be ((-18)/21)/(i/(-42)). Factor 0 + 0*w - 2*w**2 + 7/4*w**5 + 13/2*w**b + 5*w**3. w**2*(w + 2)**2*(7*w - 2)/4 Let r = -37 - -78. Let -r - 4*x**2 + 0*x + 5 - 2*x - 22*x = 0. Calculate x. -3 Factor 0*y**2 + 0 + 0*y + 2/3*y**3. 2*y**3/3 Factor -s + 8 - 7 - 2*s**2 + 13 + 13*s. -2*(s - 7)*(s + 1) Let p(v) = -v**5 + v**4 - v**3 - v**2. Let g(i) = 2*i**5 - 14*i**4 + 5*i**3 + 11*i**2 + i - 1. Let w(z) = g(z) + 6*p(z). Factor w(s). -(s + 1)**3*(2*s - 1)**2 Let c be ((-94)/3)/((-4)/(-6)). Let h be -3*(c/3 - 1). Factor 5 - h*f**4 + 8*f - 3 + 90*f**3 - 48*f**2 - 2. -2*f*(f - 1)*(5*f - 2)**2 Suppose 0 = 7*j - 11*j. Let s(a) be the third derivative of 0 - 1/21*a**3 - 1/28*a**4 - 1/420*a**6 - 1/70*a**5 + j*a + 3*a**2. Factor s(u). -2*(u + 1)**3/7 Let y = -2/21 - 55/84. Let n = -1/2 - y. Factor -1/4*a**2 + 0*a + n. -(a - 1)*(a + 1)/4 Suppose 0 = j + 2 - 7. Suppose j*y + 4*c - 10 = 0, 0 = -3*y + 3*c + c + 6. Factor -2*b**4 + 0*b**2 - 3*b**2 + 3*b**2 - 1 - b + b**3 + 3*b**y. -(b - 1)**2*(b + 1)*(2*b + 1) Let u(r) = r**3 - 4*r**2 - 3*r + 2. Suppose -3*j + 5 = -1. Let b(w) = -w**3 + w**2 + w - 1. Let y(d) = j*b(d) + u(d). Suppose y(m) = 0. Calculate m. -1, 0 Let f(y) be the second derivative of y**7/168 + y**6/60 - y**5/80 - y**4/24 - 6*y. Factor f(z). z**2*(z - 1)*(z + 1)*(z + 2)/4 Suppose 2*h - 16 = -2*h. Suppose -4*c = 4*t, h*c + 5*t + 2 + 0 = 0. Factor 4*i**3 - 3*i**3 - 7*i**2 + 8*i**c. i**2*(i + 1) Let q(c) be the first derivative of -c**3/4 + c**2/2 - c/4 + 4. Factor q(h). -(h - 1)*(3*h - 1)/4 Let j be ((-11)/33)/(1/(-6)). Let x(p) be the second derivative of 3*p + 0 + 0*p**j - 1/4*p**4 + 1/2*p**3. Factor x(u). -3*u*(u - 1) Let g(y) be the first derivative of -5 + 5/8*y**2 - 1/2*y - 1/3*y**3 + 1/16*y**4. Solve g(r) = 0. 1, 2 Let b(o) = 2*o - 3. Let r be b(5). Factor -r + k**3 + 7. k**3 Find h, given that h**4 - 16*h**4 - 3*h + 5*h**3 + 40*h**2 + 23*h = 0. -1, -2/3, 0, 2 Let o(z) be the first derivative of 0*z**2 + 1/3*z**4 + 2 + 2/9*z**3 + 2/15*z**5 + 0*z. Determine r, given that o(r) = 0. -1, 0 Suppose -8*p + 2/3*p**4 + 8/3 - 4*p**3 + 26/3*p**2 = 0. What is p? 1, 2 What is s in -15*s**3 + 22*s**3 + 0*s**2 + 3*s**2 - s**2 = 0? -2/7, 0 Let o(d) = 3*d**3 + 2*d**2 + 2. Let l(r) = r**3 + 1. Let u(j) = -10*l(j) + 5*o(j). Find k such that u(k) = 0. -2, 0 Determine t, given that -2/5 + 0*t**2 - 1/5*t**3 + 3/5*t = 0. -2, 1 Suppose 5*f + 4 = 29. Let n(r) = -r**2 + 6*r - 5. Let k be n(f). Suppose 2/5 + k*w**2 - 2/5*w**4 - 4/5*w**3 + 4/5*w = 0. What is w? -1, 1 Let n(z) be the first derivative of z**7/42 + z**6/10 + z**5/10 - 6*z - 5. Let k(d) be the first derivative of n(d). Find i such that k(i) = 0. -2, -1, 0 Let -20*y**4 + 4*y**4 + 60*y**3 - 6*y + 8 + 18*y - 64*y**2 = 0. What is y? -1/4, 1, 2 Let x(k) be the first derivative of -k**5/50 + k**4/20 + 3. Determine a so that x(a) = 0. 0, 2 Let r(i) be the second derivative of 0 + 1/12*i**4 + 0*i**2 - 3*i - 1/20*i**5 + 0*i**3. Factor r(j). -j**2*(j - 1) Let v(g) be the second derivative of g**7/21 - 4*g**6/15 + g**5/2 - g**4/3 + 15*g. Factor v(n). 2*n**2*(n - 2)*(n - 1)**2 Let q(y) = 6*y - 2. Let i be q(1). Find p, given that -2/5*p**i - 6*p**2 + 18/5*p + 0 + 14/5*p**3 = 0. 0, 1, 3 Let s(h) be the second derivative of -3/5*h**3 + 4*h + 0 - 1/5*h**4 - 1/50*h**5 + 0*h**2. Factor s(d). -2*d*(d + 3)**2/5 Let n be (2/12)/(10/40). Let m(z) be the third derivative of 0 - n*z**3 - 1/60*z**5 + z**2 - 1/6*z**4 + 0*z. Factor m(g). -(g + 2)**2 Let l(v) be the first derivative of -v**3/15 - v**2/5 - v/5 + 3. Solve l(u) = 0. -1 Let p(v) = v**3 - 5*v**2 + 3. Let k be 0 - 0 - 10/(-2). Let j be p(k). What is m in -4*m**2 + 0*m**2 + 2*m**j + m**2 + m**2 - 2*m + 2*m**4 = 0? -1, 0, 1 Let l(n) be the first derivative of n**3/3 - 7*n**2/2 + 3*n - 2. Let k be l(7). Factor 4*o**4 - 2*o**2 + 4*o**2 - 2*o**k - 6*o**5 - 14*o**4. -2*o**2*(o + 1)**2*(3*o - 1) Suppose -s = p - 8, -5*s = 2*p - 4*s - 11. Let i(j) be the first derivative of 0*j + 2 - 1/6*j**4 + 1/3*j**2 + 4/9*j**p - 4/15*j**5. Let i(n) = 0. What is n? -1, -1/2, 0, 1 Let w(l) = -5*l**3 + 2*l**2 + 3. Let y = -9 - -6. Let n(z) = 6*z**3 - 2*z**2 - 4. Suppose 0 = -t - 2 - 2. Let p(i) = t*w(i) + y*n(i). Solve p(b) = 0 for b. 0, 1 Let q(p) be the third derivative of p**8/168 + 11*p**7/210 + p**6/6 + 11*p**5/60 - p**4/6 - 2*p**3/3 - 10*p**2. Let q(a) = 0. What is a? -2, -1, 1/2 Factor 7/2*s**4 + 0 + 0*s - 9/2*s**5 + s**3 + 0*s**2. -s**3*(s - 1)*(9*s + 2)/2 Let r = -241 - -244. Factor 2/3*u**2 - 1/3*u + 2/3*u**r - 1/3*u**4 - 1/3*u**5 - 1/3. -(u - 1)**2*(u + 1)**3/3 Let g = -1 - -8. Let q = -2 + g. Solve -2*a - 2*a**q + 6*a**3 + 4*a**2 - 2*a**2 - 2*a**4 + a - 3*a = 0 for a. -2, -1, 0, 1 Let i = 81 + -79. Determine f, given that 2 + 1/2*f**i - 2*f = 0. 2 Let -18/11 + 51/11*x + 40/11*x**2 + 7/11*x**3 = 0. What is x? -3, 2/7 Let q(d) be the third derivative of d**5/16 - 7*d**4/24 - d**3/6 + 2*d**2 + 57. Factor q(f). (f - 2)*(15*f + 2)/4 Factor -2/5*s**5 - 4/5*s**4 + 0*s**3 + 0 + 4/5*s**2 + 2/5*s. -2*s*(s - 1)*(s + 1)**3/5 Let g(t) be the third derivative of -t**6/180 + t**4/36 + 3*t**2. What is j in g(j) = 0? -1, 0, 1 Let m(i) = i**3 + 7*i**2 - i - 5. Let u be m(-7). Suppose -3*h - 4*k = -8, 2 + 8 = 5*k. Factor 0 + 2*l**3 + h*l + 4/5*
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2015 CEA Winner In Nonprofit: The Harrelson Center Standing on the corner of North Fourth and Princess streets are the remnants of the former New Hanover County Law Enforcement Center. In the past decade, it transformed into The Harrelson Center Inc., an independent nonprofit center focused on providing an affordable home for charitable organizations looking to aid locals in need. Some initially thought the old sheriff’s office building and jail needed to be torn down for fresher construction. But First Baptist Church members thought otherwise. “The idea was really a dream birthed out of the mission work already going on at First Baptist Church,” said Vicki Dull, executive director of The Harrelson Center. With the aid of First Baptist Church and donations by Bobby Harrelson, who asked that the center be named for his late wife, Jo Ann Carter Harrelson, the center opened its doors in 2005. “It’s a business model we sort of developed on our own,” Dull said. “What brought the current partners here is the desire by the board to address the issues of the community.” Each partner works in a collected effort to improve educational and employment opportunities, health care, support systems and affordable housing for both its nonprofits and the community. While The Harrelson Center’s primary aim is to provide for its locals, its staff works diligently to offer an inexpensive home to nonprofits at a time when finding cheap rent can be a difficult task. Currently the center’s nonprofits pay an all-inclusive rental cost, consisting of utilities, parking, and security, at below-market values. The model allows the organizations to better utilize funding for the benefit of those referred to the center, officials said. Grouping the nonprofits together also provides an avenue of marketing and volunteer opportunities for its nonprofit staffers and allows simpler means of group collaboration. In addition, it offers an array of support choices in close proximity for individuals in need. “We strive here to help those who are trying to help themselves,” Dull said. Since its creation, The Harrelson Center’s space has seen several renovations to provide the best environment for its affiliates. This year, The Harrelson Center is undergoing its Unlock Hope Campaign. For the campaign, the center made financial plans to renovate the fourth floor and former jail tower to expand for current groups and add more. By the end of spring, Phoenix Employment Ministry and A Safe Place will be able to serve more people, and three more nonprofits can join The Harrelson Center, officials said. “We look forward to having a shared community space in that new tower that is available to our partners for their fundraising events and support group meetings,” Dull said.
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