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The spontaneous pedestal formation above a power threshold at the edge of
magnetically confined plasma is modelled for the first time in flux driven
three-dimensional fluid simulations of electromagnetic turbulence with the code
EMEDGE3D. The role of the collisional friction between trapped and passing
particles is shown to be the key ingredient for shearing the radial electric
field, hence stabilizing the turbulence, rather than the Maxwell and Reynolds
stresses. The isotope effect, observed in many tokamaks worldwide, is recovered
in EMEDGE3D simulations: the power threshold for pedestal formation is lower
for Tritium than for Deuterium. The turbulence auto-correlation time is found
to increase with the ion mass easing the radial electric shear stabilization,
hence the pedestal formation.
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Cosmological simulations are the key tool for investigating the different
processes involved in the formation of the universe from small initial density
perturbations to galaxies and clusters of galaxies observed today. The
identification and analysis of bound objects, halos, is one of the most
important steps in drawing useful physical information from simulations. In the
advent of larger and larger simulations, a reliable and parallel halo finder,
able to cope with the ever-increasing data files, is a must. In this work we
present the freely available MPI parallel halo finder AHF. We provide a
description of the algorithm and the strategy followed to handle large
simulation data. We also describe the parameters a user may choose in order to
influence the process of halo finding, as well as pointing out which parameters
are crucial to ensure untainted results from the parallel approach.
Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of AHF to scale to high resolution
simulations.
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Breaks frequently
I love all of the colors I received and being able to choose which band I want to use. The price of the bands was amazing, however, I find that the plastic piece that connects to the Fitbit Alta breaks frequently. Sometimes the band lasts me a couple months and other times I feel like I’m replaceing it every couple weeks.
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Forgiveness and Love
What do you do when heartache as a 10th grade teenager is thrown into adult life? Plus, what if that heartache was caused by your best friend who you would still do anything for? Anna Lynn was thrown into, by choice, this as her norm. The only thing both can do is seek the truth and let forgiveness heal their hearts. Overall, I did enjoy this book. I really felt sad for Anna. She literally has the heart of gold. Mark is a jerk. It took me most of the book to like him. I could not figure out why Anna continued to put up with him. It did make me wonder if we put up with things for the hope of a better future. Love eventually does prevail but it takes a lot to get there. This book was clean, and I always enjoy a happily-ever-after.
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The origin of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Cu L2,3 edge in
YBa2Cu3O7/La(1-x)Ca(x)MnO3 superlattices is revealed by performing
first-principle electronic structure calculation using fully-relativistic
spin-polarized linear muffin-tin orbital and projected augmented plane wave
methods. We show that the XMCD spectra at the Cu L2,3 edges are proportional to
the difference of the densities of majority- and minority-spin Cu 3z2-1 states.
Although the Cu 3z2-1 states lie well below the Fermi level, a small number of
majority-spin 3z2-1 holes is created by the Cu 3z2-1 - O p_z - Mn 3z2-1
hybridization across the interface. Even this tiny number of holes is
sufficient to produce appreciable Cu L2,3 XMCD. The robustness of this
conclusion is verified by studying the influence of doping, atomic relaxation,
correlation effects, and antiferromagnetic order in a CuO2 plane on the XMCD
spectra.
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We have investigated the magnetic and dielectric properties of
Ca$_2$CoSi$_2$O$_7$ crystal. The dielectricity and magnetism of
Ca$_2$CoSi$_2$O$_7$ are strongly coupled below a canted antiferromagnetic
transition temperature ($T_{\rm N}$): Magnetic fields induce electric
polarization below $T_{\rm N}$. Interestingly, the magnetic-field-induced
electric polarization is detected even without poling electric fields. Below
$T_{\rm N}$, a canted antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition is induced by
magnetic fields. The large magnetocapacitance is observed around $T_{\rm N}$.
The origin of the large magnetocapacitance is due to the magnetic-field-induced
the canted antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition.
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The adjoint horizontal differential and co-differential operators and a
horizontal Laplacian are defined on a Finsler manifold. These operators yield a
natural definition for harmonic $p$-forms on a Finsler manifold in the sense
that a horizontal p-form is harmonic if and only if the horizontal Laplacian
vanishes. This approach permits to define a harmonic vector field on a Finsler
manifold in a more natural sense and study its fundamental properties. Finally,
a classification of harmonic vector fields based on the curvature tensor is
obtained.
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Algorithms often have tunable parameters that impact performance metrics such
as runtime and solution quality. For many algorithms used in practice, no
parameter settings admit meaningful worst-case bounds, so the parameters are
made available for the user to tune. Alternatively, parameters may be tuned
implicitly within the proof of a worst-case approximation ratio or runtime
bound. Worst-case instances, however, may be rare or nonexistent in practice. A
growing body of research has demonstrated that data-driven algorithm design can
lead to significant improvements in performance. This approach uses a training
set of problem instances sampled from an unknown, application-specific
distribution and returns a parameter setting with strong average performance on
the training set.
We provide a broadly applicable theory for deriving generalization guarantees
that bound the difference between the algorithm's average performance over the
training set and its expected performance. Our results apply no matter how the
parameters are tuned, be it via an automated or manual approach. The challenge
is that for many types of algorithms, performance is a volatile function of the
parameters: slightly perturbing the parameters can cause large changes in
behavior. Prior research has proved generalization bounds by employing
case-by-case analyses of greedy algorithms, clustering algorithms, integer
programming algorithms, and selling mechanisms. We uncover a unifying structure
which we use to prove extremely general guarantees, yet we recover the bounds
from prior research. Our guarantees apply whenever an algorithm's performance
is a piecewise-constant, -linear, or -- more generally -- piecewise-structured
function of its parameters. Our theory also implies novel bounds for voting
mechanisms and dynamic programming algorithms from computational biology.
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The Women (2008) by Diane English is sadly such a waste of talent. With Annette Benning, Candice Bergen, Bette Midler, Cloris Leachman whom I like and enjoy in everything I've seen them, and Meg Ryan, Jada Pinkett Smith, Debra Messing, and Eva Mendes who may not be my favorite actors but are nice to look at, how could the movie be boring, predictable, embarrassing, sloppy, and simply bad? It was made by Diane English who is known as the writer of the very successful TV show Murphy Brown, and it is her first movie for which she wrote a script. The movie has been a labor of love for English who had tried for many years to make it happen and I respect that. I even found the scenes with the supporting players, Bergen, Leechaman, Carry Fisher and Bette Middler in short but memorable cameos, funny, smart, and enjoyable but in general the movie is a second hand "Sex and the City" which was released few months ago. I did not find Sex and the City very good when I saw it but next to The Women, it was simply brilliant. At least, Sex and the City spared us the long and tasteless scene in the hospital's delivery room where one of the characters' was having a baby and her friends were there supporting her. Poor Debra Messing, what did she do to deserve that nightmare she was put through and we, the viewers together with her? The movies like "The Women" give the whole genre, chick flicks, a bad name. It is nothing wrong with the genre, but why is it so difficult to make a really good comedy about female friendships and hardships, about dealing with marriage, motherhood, and proving yourself professionally? These are all very compelling and important subjects any modern woman can relate to. Why making movies with the lines, dialogs, and situations so clichéd, predictable, not funny and insulting that they will be forgotten as soon as the movie is over?<br /><br />After I saw the new movie, I checked out from my local library the original The Women and I truly enjoyed it. The story was told much better 70 years ago, and kept my interest all the way. The old movie had a real star power.
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It is well known that interstellar travel is bounded by the finite speed of
light, but on very large scales any rocketeer would also need to consider the
influence of cosmological expansion on their journey. This paper examines
accelerated journeys within the framework of Friedmann-
Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universes, illustrating how the duration of a fixed
acceleration sharply divides exploration over interstellar and intergalactic
distances. Furthermore, we show how the universal expansion increases the
difficulty of intergalactic navigation, with small uncertainties in
cosmological parameters resulting in significantly large deviations. This paper
also shows that, contrary to simplistic ideas, the motion of any rocketeer is
indistinguishable from Newtonian gravity if the acceleration is kept small.
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We report on the energy-resolved timing and phase-resolved spectral analysis
of X-ray emission from PSR J0659+1414 observed with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR. We
find that the new data rule out the previously suggested model of the
phase-dependent spectrum as a three-component (2 blackbodies + power-law)
continuum, which shows large residuals between $0.3-0.7$ keV. Fitting neutron
star atmosphere models or several blackbodies to the spectrum does not provide
a better description of the spectrum, and requires spectral model components
with unrealistically large emission region sizes. The fits improve
significantly if we add a phase-dependent absorption feature with central
energy $0.5-0.6$ keV and equivalent width up to $\approx 50$ eV. We detected
the feature for about half of the pulse cycle. Energy-resolved pulse profiles
support the description of the spectrum with a three-component continuum and an
absorption component. The absorption feature could be interpreted as an
electron cyclotron line originating in the pulsar magnetosphere and broadened
by the non-uniformity of the magnetic field along the line of sight. The
significant phase-variability in the thermal emission from the entire stellar
surface may indicate multi-polar magnetic fields and a non-uniform temperature
distribution. The strongly pulsed non-thermal spectral component detected with
NuSTAR in the $3-20$ keV range is well fit by a power-law model with a photon
index $\Gamma=1.5\pm0.2$.
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Consensus mechanism is the heart of any blockchain network. Many projects
have proposed alternative protocols to improve restricted scalability of Proof
of Work originated since Bitcoin. As an improvement of Delegated Proof of
Stake, in this paper, we introduce a novel consensus, namely, Delegated Proof
of Reputation, which is scalable, secure with an acceptable decentralization.
Our innovative idea is replacing pure coinstaking by a reputation ranking
system essentially based on ranking theories (PageRank, NCDawareRank and
HodgeRank).
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Value for the money on electric motors set up 4 teens to be able to adapt to projects.
The motors come in a convenient for pack. They are ready for wiring they have enough stuff sticking out on each side of the axle for either Wheels or extensions for longer axles. They are perfect for younger people and adult that need to adapt projects or learn more about constructing around Electronics. The only down part of this it is they are very inexpensive and so they are not as durable as the hobby grade Motors that most of his use on a daily basis
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We study a three-dimensional fluid model describing rapidly rotating
convection that takes place in tall columnar structures. The purpose of this
model is to investigate the cyclonic and anticyclonic coherent structures.
Global existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence on initial data, and
large-time behavior of strong solutions are shown provided the model is
regularized by a weak dissipation term.
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I found Super Troopers only mildly amusing at best (seemed like a glorified Police Academy ripoff to me), and I rented this movie in hopes of it being better. It wasn't.<br /><br />The writing is absolutely horrible and the pacing of this film is even worse. It doesn't feel like a whole lot happens in this film, or that it really gives us a reason to give a damn about any of the characters.<br /><br />The actor who plays Felix is totally uninspired, though possibly due in part to the dialogue he had to work with. In short, this movie just went wrong in so many places.<br /><br />I get the impression that since films like Clerks, independent filmmakers seem to think that they can make movies like this with long, rambling scenes of dialogue where characters are trying to be funny. But, where dialogue in Clerks pushes the story forward, in this movie, it hopelessly weighs it down. Films are supposed to have a decent balance of action and dialogue, and as tempting as it is for filmmakers to try to have tons of snappy, funny dialogue, it just doesn't always work. Especially if they're not that good at writing dialogue. I hate to say it, but even "Extreme Heist" was more interesting than this movie- and that movie was so low-budget it was shot on video.
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Recent theory has predicted large temperature differences between the
in-plane (LA and TA) and out-of-plane (ZA) acoustic phonon baths in
locally-heated suspended graphene. To verify these predictions, and their
implications for understanding the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of 2D
materials, experimental techniques are needed. Here, we present a method to
determine the acoustic phonon bath temperatures from the frequency-dependent
mechanical response of suspended graphene to a power modulated laser. The
mechanical motion reveals two counteracting contributions to the thermal
expansion force, that are attributed to fast positive thermal expansion by the
in-plane phonons and slower negative thermal expansion by the out-of-plane
phonons. The magnitude of the two forces reveals that the in-plane and flexural
acoustic phonons are at very different temperatures in the steady-state, with
typically observed values of the ratio $\Delta T_{\mathrm{LA+TA}}/\Delta
T_{\mathrm{ZA}}$ between 0.2 and 3.7. These deviations from the generally used
local thermal equilibrium assumption ($\Delta T_{\mathrm{LA+TA}}=\Delta
T_{\mathrm{ZA}}$) can affect the experimental analysis of thermal properties of
2D materials.
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Its a nice picnic blanket... for $80.00
This is ok... just ok. The material is awesome, the print nice and the idea is inspired but the execution is poor at best. Forget this being even remotely a functional poncho, the snap together hood is ridiculous and could have been fantastic with just a tiny bit more effort and thought. As it stands, if it rains and you have one of these, just hold it over your head, dont bother trying to sort out the hooded poncho. Its a nice picnic blanket... for $80.00.
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One of my dogs likes them, the other won’t touch them
One of my dogs likes them, the other won’t touch them... and of course the one that won’t eat them needs the omegas the most. She’s a “blue” and has super itchy sensitive skin. So although my other dog will have a nice shiny coat and healthy skin, it’s pretty much useless for the one that really needs it. ☹️ I would’ve given 2.5 ⭐️ if I could’ve.
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Where we live in Northern Ontario there are actually four different school boards* and many schools around the region slated for closure. It's extremely inefficient. Of course these boards all have huge overheads of administration staff, maintenance staff, busing, and half-used buildings and land. Besides the inherent unfairness of it all, there's also the cost!
*That's right...
French Catholic,
English Catholic,
French Public,
and English Public
Of course they all fight tooth and nail against even the idea of sharing facilities, let alone amalgamation.
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According to the American Diabetes Association(ADA), 30.3 million people in
the United States have diabetes, but only 7.2 million may be undiagnosed and
unaware of their condition. Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed for most
patients later on in life whereas the less common Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed
early on in life. People can live healthy and happy lives while living with
diabetes, but early detection produces a better overall outcome on most
patient's health. Thus, to test the accurate prediction of Type 2 diabetes, we
use the patients' information from an electronic health records company called
Practice Fusion, which has about 10,000 patient records from 2009 to 2012. This
data contains individual key biometrics, including age, diastolic and systolic
blood pressure, gender, height, and weight. We use this data on popular machine
learning algorithms and for each algorithm, we evaluate the performance of
every model based on their classification accuracy, precision, sensitivity,
specificity/recall, negative predictive value, and F1 score. In our study, we
find that all algorithms other than Naive Bayes suffered from very low
precision. Hence, we take a step further and incorporate all the algorithms
into a weighted average or soft voting ensemble model where each algorithm will
count towards a majority vote towards the decision outcome of whether a patient
has diabetes or not. The accuracy of the Ensemble model on Practice Fusion is
85\%, by far our ensemble approach is new in this space. We firmly believe that
the weighted average ensemble model not only performed well in overall metrics
but also helped to recover wrong predictions and aid in accurate prediction of
Type 2 diabetes. Our accurate novel model can be used as an alert for the
patients to seek medical evaluation in time.
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Well Jeff - as you know, those appointments were made by Trudeau and handed a stinking pile to John Turner. Trudeau did not like Turner (eg: did not campaign for Turner in the 1984 election) - that is well known and basically sabotaged Turner with these appointments. Turner, did not have the guts to reverse the appointments - leading to Mulroney's famous "You had an option, sir" in the election debates which relegated Turner to also ran status.
In other words - those 1984 appointments were not made as "business as usual". They were made with malicious intent and they worked. You're also forgetting that Trudeau did this while handing the Govt to Turner who had just won the Leadership convention. It was done before the 1984 election was called. Harper did his appointment spree AFTER losing an election for FUTURE appointments (after the Liberals took power), not to fill current spots.
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We report mid-infrared observations of SGR 1806-20 and its environment - with
the highest spatial resolution in this domain to date - using ESO/VISIR in 2005
and 2006, and we retrieved Spitzer/IRAC-MIPS archival data of the same field.
We aimed at studying the mid-infrared emission of the stars associated with
the same cluster as SGR 1806-20, to detect variations that could be due to the
high-energy activity of the magnetar through interaction with the dust. We also
aimed at studying the morphology of the cloud close to the centre of the
cluster.
We performed broadband photometry of three stars - LBV 1806-20, a WC9 and an
O/B supergiant - on our VISIR images, as well as on the IRAC data. We then
built and fitted their broadband spectral energy distributions with a
combination of two absorbed black bodies, representing their stellar
components, as well as a possible mid-infrared excess, in order to derive their
physical parameters.
We show that LBV 1806-20 and the WC9 star exhibit a mid-infrared excess,
likely because of the presence of circumstellar dust related to their winds. We
also show that only LBV 1806-20 had a variable flux over a period of two years,
variability which is due to its LBV nature rather than to a heating of the gas
and dust cloud by the high-energy emission of SGR 1806-20. Finally, differences
in the intrinsic absorptions of the three stars show an inhomogeneous structure
of the density of the gas and dust cloud in the massive star cluster.
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Squeaky clean, Simply Amazing
This is not my first time buying the bidet, i bought couple in the past and was happy with overall performance of the older bidet but this time i thought i should try something new. We both love our new Bidet only thing is i got splash couple of times from back but after couple of tries we observed that if you scoot all the way back you wont get splash. Installation was easy and we have no leaks.
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Great for healing tattoos
This is the best cream I have found for new tattoos. I’d originally purchased it after a face peel at a spa. It worked so well I decided to try it on my tattoo instead of the heavy oily aquaphor. My tattoos heal faster and itch a lot less.
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Incremental computation has recently been studied using the concepts of
change structures and derivatives of programs, where the derivative of a
function allows updating the output of the function based on a change to its
input.
We generalise change structures to change actions, and study their algebraic
properties. We develop change actions for common structures in computer
science, including directed-complete partial orders and Boolean algebras.
We then show how to compute derivatives of fixpoints. This allows us to
perform incremental evaluation and maintenance of recursively defined functions
with particular application to generalised Datalog programs.
Moreover, unlike previous results, our techniques are modular in that they
are easy to apply both to variants of Datalog and to other programming
languages.
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Colloidal gels, where nanoscale particles aggregate into an elastic yet
fragile network, are at the heart of materials that combine specific optical,
electrical and mechanical properties. Tailoring the viscoelastic features of
colloidal gels in real-time thanks to an external stimulus currently appears as
a major challenge in the design of "smart" soft materials. Here we introduce
"rheo-acoustic" gels, a class of materials that are sensitive to ultrasonic
vibrations. By using a combination of rheological and structural
characterization, we evidence and quantify a strong softening in three widely
different colloidal gels submitted to ultrasonic vibrations (with submicron
amplitude and frequency 20-500 kHz). This softening is attributed to
micron-sized cracks within the gel network that may or may not fully heal once
vibrations are turned off depending on the acoustic intensity. Ultrasonic
vibrations are further shown to dramatically decrease the gel yield stress and
accelerate shear-induced fluidization. Ultrasound-assisted fluidization
dynamics appear to be governed by an effective temperature that depends on the
acoustic intensity. Our work opens the way to a full control of elastic and
flow properties by ultrasonic vibrations as well as to future theoretical and
numerical modeling of such rheo-acoustic gels.
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We use official data for all 16 federal German states to study the causal
effect of a flat 1000 Euro state-dependent university tuition fee on the
enrollment behavior of students during the years 2006-2014. In particular, we
show how the variation in the introduction scheme across states and times can
be exploited to identify the federal average causal effect of tuition fees by
controlling for a large amount of potentially influencing attributes for state
heterogeneity. We suggest a stability post-double selection methodology to
robustly determine the causal effect across types in the transparently modeled
unknown response components. The proposed stability resampling scheme in the
two LASSO selection steps efficiently mitigates the risk of model
underspecification and thus biased effects when the tuition fee policy decision
also depends on relevant variables for the state enrollment rates. Correct
inference for the full cross-section state population in the sample requires
adequate design -- rather than sampling-based standard errors. With the
data-driven model selection and explicit control for spatial cross-effects we
detect that tuition fees induce substantial migration effects where the
mobility occurs both from fee but also from non-fee states suggesting also a
general movement for quality. Overall, we find a significant negative impact of
up to 4.5 percentage points of fees on student enrollment. This is in contrast
to plain one-step LASSO or previous empirical studies with full fixed effects
linear panel regressions which generally underestimate the size and get an only
insignificant effect.
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Remember the chain-smoking channeler exposed on 60 Minutes a few years ago? This is her. Lots of folks reviewed this movie without checking the bona fides of the filmmakers. The producers have been using phony "word of mouth" promotions very successfully without disclosing the financial and philosophical underpinnings for this piece of marketing tripe. If you believe in channeling, reincarnation, new age dreck and day-old baloney, this film is for you. If you want a discussion of quantum physics or reality, look elsewhere. The purpose of this movie is to convince you that Ramtha isn't a wacko, so you'll give her a bunch of your money. If you can tiptoe through the Ramtha website without howling in disbelief, then maybe you'll think the bucks you dropped on this infomercial for insanity was well spent. <http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=ANSWERMAN>
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We present a \MF{terahertz} quantum cascade laser operating on a
thermoelectric cooler up to a record-high temperature of 210.5 K. The active
region design is based on only two quantum wells and achieves high temperature
operation thanks to a systematic optimization by means of a nonequilibrium
Green's function model. Laser spectra were measured with a room temperature
detector, making the whole setup cryogenic free. At low temperatures ($\sim 40
K), a maximum output power of 200 mW was measured.
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Not worth it.
I tried to get in contact with the seller. The lamp I received had missing crystals. the seller has not responded once. The lamp had no extra crystals in the box. So the lamp was packaged like that with the missing crystals and they shipped me a lamp that had missing crystals. I eventually gave up. It's not worth it. There are better lamps, from sellers who respond immediately when there is an issue. Lamp looks horrible with the missing crystals.
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From the Modularity Theorem proven by Wiles, Taylor, et al, we know that all
elliptic curves are modular. It has been shown by Martin and Ono exactly which
are represented by eta-quotients, and some examples of elliptic curves
represented by modular forms that are linear combinations of eta-quotients have
been given by Pathakjee, RosnBrick, and Yoong. In this paper, we first show
that eta-quotients which are modular for any congruence subgroup of level $N$
coprime to $6$ can be viewed as modular for $\Gamma_0(N)$. We then categorize
when even weight eta-quotients can exist in $M_k (\Gamma_1(p))$ and $M_k
(\Gamma_1(pq))$, for distinct primes $p,q$. We conclude by providing some new
examples of elliptic curves whose corresponding modular forms can be written as
a linear combination of eta-quotients, and describe an algorithmic method for
finding additional examples.
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We explore two-dimensional sigma models with (0,2) supersymmetry through
their chiral algebras. Perturbatively, the chiral algebras of (0,2) models have
a rich infinite-dimensional structure described by the cohomology of a sheaf of
chiral differential operators. Nonperturbatively, instantons can deform this
structure drastically. We show that under some conditions they even annihilate
the whole algebra, thereby triggering the spontaneous breaking of
supersymmetry. For a certain class of K\"ahler manifolds, this suggests that
there are no harmonic spinors on their loop spaces and gives a physical proof
of the H\"ohn-Stolz conjecture.
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An existing hybrid MPI-OpenMP scheme is augmented with a CUDA-based fine
grain parallelization approach for multidimensional distributed Fourier
transforms, in a well-characterized pseudospectral fluid turbulence code.
Basics of the hybrid scheme are reviewed, and heuristics provided to show a
potential benefit of the CUDA implementation. The method draws heavily on the
CUDA runtime library to handle memory management, and on the cuFFT library for
computing local FFTs. The manner in which the interfaces are constructed to
these libraries, and ISO bindings utilized to facilitate platform portability,
are discussed. CUDA streams are implemented to overlap data transfer with cuFFT
computation. Testing with a baseline solver demonstrates significant aggregate
speed-up over the hybrid MPI-OpenMP solver by offloading to GPUs on an
NVLink-based test system. While the batch streamed approach provides little
benefit with NVLink, we see a performance gain of 30% when tuned for the
optimal number of streams on a PCIe-based system. It is found that strong GPU
scaling is ideal, or slightly better than ideal, in all cases. In addition to
speed-up measurements for the fiducial solver, we also consider several other
solvers with different numbers of transform operations and find that aggregate
speed-ups are nearly constant for all solvers.
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Until now, most members of the Ursa Major (UMa) group of stars have been
identified by means of kinematic criteria. However, in many cases kinematic
criteria alone are insufficient to ascertain, whether an individual star is
really a member of this group. Since photometric criteria are ineffective in
the case of cool dwarf members, one must use spectroscopic criteria.
Nevertheless, resulting membership criteria are inconclusive. We reanalyse
spectroscopic properties of cool UMa group dwarfs. In particular, we study the
distribution of iron abundance, the strength of the Li I absorption at 6708 A
and the Li abundance, and the infilling of the core of the H alpha line.
Twenty-five cool and northern bona-fide members are carefully selected from the
literature. Homogeneously measured stellar parameters and iron abundances are
given for all Sun-like stars selected, based on spectra of high resolution and
high signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, we measure the Li equivalent width and
abundance as well as the relative intensity of the H alpha core and the
corresponding chromospheric flux. The studied stars infer an average Ursa Major
group iron abundance of -0.03+-0.05 dex, which is higher by about 0.06 dex than
determined elsewhere. The Li abundance derived of Ursa Major group dwarf stars
is higher than in the Hyades at effective temperatures cooler than the Sun, but
lower than in the younger Pleiades, a result which is independent of the exact
value of the effective temperature adopted. The Sun-like and cooler dwarfs also
display chromospheric infilling of the H alpha core. We present spectroscopic
criteria that may be used to exclude non-members.
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Given an upward directed set $I$ we consider surjective $I$-inverse systems
$\{X_\al,f_{\al\be}:X_\be\lra X_\al| \al\leq\be\in I\}$, namely those inverse
systems that have all $f_{\al\be}$ surjective. A number of properties of
$I$-inverse systems have been investigated; such are the Mittag-Leffler
condition, investigated by Grothendieck and flabby and semi-flabby $I$-inverse
systems studied by Jensen. We note that flabby implies semi-flabby implies
surjective implies Mittag-Leffler. Some of the results about surjective inverse
systems have been known for some time. The aim of this note is to give a series
of equivalent statements and implications involving surjective inverse systems
and the systems satisfying the Mittag-Leffler condition, together with
improvements of established results, as well as their relationships with the
already known, but scattered facts. The most prominent results relate
cardinalities of the index sets with right exactness of the inverse limit
functor and the non-vanishing of the inverse limit -- connections related to
cohomological dimensions.
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We examine the nature and statistical properties of electron-electron
collisions in the recollision process in a strong laser field. The separation
of the double ionization yield into sequential and nonsequential components
leads to a bell-shaped curve for the nonsequential probability and a
monotonically rising one for the sequential process. We identify key features
of the nonsequential process and connect our findings in a simplified model
which reproduces the knee shape for the probability of double ionization with
laser intensity and associated trends.
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In distributed software-defined networks (SDN), multiple physical SDN
controllers, each managing a network domain, are implemented to balance
centralized control, scalability and reliability requirements. In such
networking paradigm, controllers synchronize with each other to maintain a
logically centralized network view. Despite various proposals of distributed
SDN controller architectures, most existing works only assume that such
logically centralized network view can be achieved with some synchronization
designs, but the question of how exactly controllers should synchronize with
each other to maximize the benefits of synchronization under the eventual
consistency assumptions is largely overlooked. To this end, we formulate the
controller synchronization problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and apply
reinforcement learning techniques combined with deep neural network to train a
smart controller synchronization policy, which we call the Deep-Q (DQ)
Scheduler. Evaluation results show that DQ Scheduler outperforms the
antientropy algorithm implemented in the ONOS controller by up to 95.2% for
inter-domain routing tasks.
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Really cool bag and worth the money.
The concept of the bag is great. Definitely secure. Better than what I was expecting actually and plenty big. I agree there is a hole the size of a medicine bottle at the top but what are people going to take? Loose change? There is an extra zipper inside to secure small stuff. There is no way someone would be able to pull a Gopro in a waterproof housing out so the hole doesn't matter much. I wouldn't let this bag out of my sight if I can help it because it could be stolen with proper tools but the average public thief is looking for a quick grab and not something he/she has to work for in plain view.
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We present a unified general method for the asymptotic study of graphs from
the so-called "subcritical"$ $ graph classes, which include the classes of
cacti graphs, outerplanar graphs, and series-parallel graphs. This general
method works both in the labelled and unlabelled framework. The main results
concern the asymptotic enumeration and the limit laws of properties of random
graphs chosen from subcritical classes. We show that the number $g_n/n!$ (resp.
$g_n$) of labelled (resp. unlabelled) graphs on $n$ vertices from a subcritical
graph class ${G}=\cup_n {G_n}$ satisfies asymptotically the universal behaviour
$$ g_n = c n^{-5/2} \gamma^n (1+o(1)) $$ for computable constants $c,\gamma$,
e.g. $\gamma\approx 9.38527$ for unlabelled series-parallel graphs, and that
the number of vertices of degree $k$ ($k$ fixed) in a graph chosen uniformly at
random from $G_n$, converges (after rescaling) to a normal law as $n\to\infty$.
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Pix Now01/02/2020
1 hour ago
Pix Now01/02/2020
2 hours ago
PIX NowHere's the latest from the KPIX newsroom. (1-1-20)
7 hours ago
Graffiti-Spraying Vandal Desecrates Historically Black Palo Alto ChurchThe pastor of one of the oldest African American churches in the South Bay wants the community to know he's opening his doors to everyone for this Sunday's service after the church was targeted by a vandal over the weekend. Maria Medina reports. (1-1-20)
7 hours ago
Oakland Neighborhood Reeling From Starbucks Laptop Theft, HomicideTwo suspects have been arrested in connection with a laptop theft and subsequent vehicular homicide outside the Montclair Starbucks in Oakland on New Year’s Eve. Joe Vazquez reports. (1-1-20)
7 hours ago
PIX SPORTS1-1-20
8 hours ago
Raw Video: Sonoma County Deputies Hurt in Highway 12 CrashTwo Sonoma County deputies were injured Wednesday evening in a crash on Highway 12 that closed the road for about two hours, according to the California Highway Patrol and the sheriff's office. (1-1-20)
9 hours ago
Big Waves Lure Oglers, Surfers CoastsideBig waves hit Bay Area beaches on New Year Day and a high-surf advisory -- issued Wednesday morning -- was in effect until Thursday. Kiet Do reports (1-1-20)
12 hours ago
Caught on Camera: Man Swept Off Rocks by Monster WaveA video released by California State Parks shows a man swept from rocks by a wave at Bonny Doon Beach on the Santa Cruz coast last week. Andria Borba reports. (1-1-20)
12 hours ago
First Bay Area Baby of 2020 Born in San LeandroIt didn’t take long for the first Bay Area baby to be born in 2020 and it seems he was pretty eager to get here. John Ramos reports. (1-1-20)
12 hours ago
Starbucks Laptop Slaying Sets Upscale Oakland Neighborhood on EdgeAlong with the shock and sadness Wednesday, there was frustration among residents and business owners who say property crime has become a day-to-day challenge in Oakland's Montclair neighborhood. Wilson Walker reports. (1-1-20)
12 hours ago
Suicide-Prevention Volunteers Assemble at Golden Gate Bridge on New Year DayThe Bridge Walk Angels came to the Golden Gate Bridge on Wednesday to "engage positively with those may have come to the bridge to end their lives." Don Ford reports. (1-1-20)
13 hours ago
Wednesday Evening Pinpoint ForecastWednesday night by the bay: partly cloudy with patchy fog overnight. Thursday: sunny in the morning and partly cloudy later in the day. (1-1-20)
13 hours ago
Drugs Found During Traffic Stop May Have Sickened San Jose CHP OfficerA San Jose CHP officer was taken to the hospital after being exposed to some kind of drug during a traffic stop, prompting a hazmat investigation Wednesday afternoon. (1-1-2020)
17 hours ago
PIX Now1/1/2020 Noon Update
18 hours ago
Memorial Set Up For Laptop Theft Victim Killed After Chasing Thieves At Montclair StarbucksThe Starbucks location at Oakland's Montclair neighborhood is closed Wednesday. At the foot of its front door lies one of two memorials for the victim, who was fatally ran over after pursuing the thieves who stole his laptop. Jackie Ward reports. (1-1-2019)
18 hours ago
New Year's Eve Fireworks Show 2019 - San FranciscoThe entirety of the 2019 New Year's Eve fireworks display along the Embarcadero in San Francisco on Tuesday evening. Happy New Year! (1-1-2020)
22 hours ago
Wednesday Morning Weather Forecast With Mary LeeWe can expect some sunshine for the first few days of 2020, but showers may return on the weekend. (1-1-2020)
23 hours ago
San Francisco Crews Begin New Years Cleanup Right When Fireworks EndCleanup crews in San Francisco got right to work after the fireworks show along the Embarcadero on Tuesday evening. Jackie Ward reports. (1-1-2020)
23 hours ago
Dedicated Educator Wins Hayward's Teacher Of The Year AwardMia Buljan has spent her whole career teaching in Hayward, yet kids still have a hard time saying her last name. That’s why she prefers to go by “Miss B." As of 2019, she also goes by Teacher of the Year for the Hayward Unified School District. Jackie Ward reports. (12-31-2019)
23 hours ago
PIX NOW01/01/2020
1 day ago
PIX NOW01/01/2020
1 day ago
PIX NOW01/01/2020
1 day ago
TONIGHT'S FORECAST: The latest from the KPIX 5 Weather TeamThe latest from the KPIX 5 Weather Team
1 day ago
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It is known that the Langevin dynamics used in MCMC is the gradient flow of
the KL divergence on the Wasserstein space, which helps convergence analysis
and inspires recent particle-based variational inference methods (ParVIs). But
no more MCMC dynamics is understood in this way. In this work, by developing
novel concepts, we propose a theoretical framework that recognizes a general
MCMC dynamics as the fiber-gradient Hamiltonian flow on the Wasserstein space
of a fiber-Riemannian Poisson manifold. The "conservation + convergence"
structure of the flow gives a clear picture on the behavior of general MCMC
dynamics. The framework also enables ParVI simulation of MCMC dynamics, which
enriches the ParVI family with more efficient dynamics, and also adapts ParVI
advantages to MCMCs. We develop two ParVI methods for a particular MCMC
dynamics and demonstrate the benefits in experiments.
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Casting aside many of the favorable comments that have obviously come from friends and/or relatives that pepper this and many other low budget independents listed on IMDb, one is lost when it comes to using these reviews as an accurate gauge. So eventually you have to go out and rent the flick just to see for yourself. One of the first things you must understand are the catch phrases that camouflage the reality of the movie. In this case the term "dark psychological thriller." Read: "hack writer/director who thinks he's an auteur, who replaces plot, story, and action, with what he believes is a deep insight into the human soul. His great insight? Festering and repressed childhood traumas emerge to wreck havoc when we become adults. Wow, I bet Freud would be really impressed! Too many would be film makers like Kallio, who were raised on low budget horror flicks of the last few decades, fail to dig their own fresh grave. Instead, they fall into the pre-dug graves of the many other directors that came before them. They are content with rehashing old and tired horror clichés that they borrowed from a dozen or more films. The result is an unoriginal, uninspired, unbelievable waste of film stock.
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Terrestrial planets covered globally with thick oceans (termed ocean planets)
in the habitable zone were previously inferred to have extremely hot climates
in most cases. This is because ${\rm H_2O}$ high-pressure (HP) ice on the
seafloor prevents chemical weathering and, thus, removal of atmospheric CO$_2$.
Previous studies, however, ignored melting of the HP ice and horizontal
variation in heat flux from oceanic crusts. Here we examine whether high heat
fluxes near the mid-ocean ridge melts the HP ice and thereby removes
atmospheric ${\rm CO_2}$. We develop integrated climate models of an Earth-size
ocean planet with plate tectonics for different ocean masses, which include the
effects of HP ice melting, seafloor weathering, and the carbonate-silicate
geochemical carbon cycle. We find that the heat flux near the mid-ocean ridge
is high enough to melt the ice, enabling seafloor weathering. In contrast to
the previous theoretical prediction, we show that climates of terrestrial
planets with massive oceans lapse into extremely cold ones (or snowball states)
with CO$_2$-poor atmospheres. Such extremely cold climates are achieved mainly
because the HP ice melting fixes seafloor temperature at the melting
temperature, thereby keeping a high weathering flux regardless of surface
temperature. We estimate that ocean planets with oceans several tens of the
Earth's ocean mass no longer maintain temperate climates. These results suggest
that terrestrial planets with extremely cold climates exist even in the
habitable zone beyond the solar system, given the frequency of water-rich
planets predicted by planet formation theories.
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This work is concerned with robust filtering of nonlinear sampled-data
systems with and without exact discrete-time models. A linear matrix inequality
(LMI) based approach is proposed for the design of robust $H_{\infty}$
observers for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems. Two type of systems are
considered, Lipschitz nonlinear discrete-time systems and Lipschitz nonlinear
sampled-data systems with Euler approximate discrete-time models. Observer
convergence when the exact discrete-time model of the system is available is
shown. Then, practical convergence of the proposed observer is proved using the
Euler approximate discrete-time model. As an additional feature, maximizing the
admissible Lipschitz constant, the solution of the proposed LMI optimization
problem guaranties robustness against some nonlinear uncertainty. The robust
H_infty observer synthesis problem is solved for both cases. The maximum
disturbance attenuation level is achieved through LMI optimization. At the end,
a path to extending the results to higher-order approximate discretizations is
provided.
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Software Engineering courses play an important role for preparing students
with the right knowledge and attitude for software development in practice. The
implication is far reaching, as the quality of the software that we use
ultimately depends on the quality of the people that make them. Educating
Software Engineering, however, is quite challenging, as the subject is not
considered as most exciting by students, while teachers often have to deal with
exploding number of students. The EU project IMPRESS seeks to explore the use
of gamification in educating software engineering at the university level to
improve students' engagement and hence their appreciation for the taught
subjects. This paper presents the project, its objectives, and its current
progress.
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it looked great, until
Used as a clear coat to fix my faded headlight issue. After sanding, and spraying the headlight lens, it looked great, until... the second coat when it 'spider-webbed' VERY badly. The can says to wait 5 min. between coats but the paint shop told me you really need to wait at least 20 min. between coats.
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We consider continuum one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operators with potentials
that are given by a sum of a suitable background potential and an Anderson-type
potential whose single-site distribution has a continuous and compactly
supported density. We prove exponential decay of the expectation of the finite
volume correlators, uniform in any compact energy region, and deduce from this
dynamical and spectral localization. The proofs implement a continuum analog of
the method Kunz and Souillard developed in 1980 to study discrete
one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operators with potentials of the form background
plus random.
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In [1], Cullen and Feldman proved existence of Lagrangian solutions for the
semigeostrophic system in physical variables with initial potential vorticity
in $L^p$, $p>1$. Here, we show that a subsequence of the Lagrangian solutions
corresponding to a strongly convergent sequence of initial potential
vorticities in $L^1$ converges strongly in $L^q$, $q<\infty$, to a Lagrangian
solution, in particular extending the existence result of Cullen and Feldman to
the case $p=1$. We also present a counterexample for Lagrangian solutions
corresponding to a sequence of initial potential vorticities converging in
$\mathcal{BM}$. The analytical tools used include techniques from optimal
transportation, Ambrosio's results on transport by $BV$ vector fields, and
Orlicz spaces.
[1] M. Cullen and M. Feldman, {\it Lagrangian solutions of semigeostrophic
equations in physical space.} SIAM J. Math. Anal., {\bf 37} (2006), 1371--1395.
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In this paper, a novel signature of human action recognition, namely the
curvature of a video sequence, is introduced. In this way, the distribution of
sequential data is modeled, which enables few-shot learning. Instead of
depending on recognizing features within images, our algorithm views actions as
sequences on the universal time scale across a whole sequence of images. The
video sequence, viewed as a curve in pixel space, is aligned by
reparameterization using the arclength of the curve in pixel space. Once such
curvatures are obtained, statistical indexes are extracted and fed into a
learning-based classifier. Overall, our method is simple but powerful.
Preliminary experimental results show that our method is effective and achieves
state-of-the-art performance in video-based human action recognition. Moreover,
we see latent capacity in transferring this idea into other sequence-based
recognition applications such as speech recognition, machine translation, and
text generation.
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Parts missing. Can't use.
Received this as a Christmas gift , BUT just opened it to use today. There are no attachments to connect to the float. I could not use it. Very disappointing as the other folks in my family who received the gift loved it. Would appreciate the attatchments mailed to me, or the machine replaced.
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To tackle Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks, supervised methods need to
obtain sufficient cleanly annotated data, which is labor and time consuming. On
the contrary, distantly supervised methods acquire automatically annotated data
using dictionaries to alleviate this requirement. Unfortunately, dictionaries
hinder the effectiveness of distantly supervised methods for NER due to its
limited coverage, especially in specific domains. In this paper, we aim at the
limitations of the dictionary usage and mention boundary detection. We
generalize the distant supervision by extending the dictionary with headword
based non-exact matching. We apply a function to better weight the matched
entity mentions. We propose a span-level model, which classifies all the
possible spans then infers the selected spans with a proposed dynamic
programming algorithm. Experiments on all three benchmark datasets demonstrate
that our method outperforms previous state-of-the-art distantly supervised
methods.
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Extremely preterm infants commonly require intubation and invasive mechanical
ventilation after birth. While the duration of mechanical ventilation should be
minimized in order to avoid complications, extubation failure is associated
with increases in morbidities and mortality. As part of a prospective
observational study aimed at developing an accurate predictor of extubation
readiness, Markov and semi-Markov chain models were applied to gain insight
into the respiratory patterns of these infants, with more robust time-series
modeling using semi-Markov models. This model revealed interesting similarities
and differences between newborns who succeeded extubation and those who failed.
The parameters of the model were further applied to predict extubation
readiness via generative (joint likelihood) and discriminative (support vector
machine) approaches. Results showed that up to 84\% of infants who failed
extubation could have been accurately identified prior to extubation.
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We revisit the Anderson localization problem on Bethe lattices, putting in
contact various aspects which have been previously only discussed separately.
For the case of connectivity 3 we compute by the cavity method the density of
states and the evolution of the mobility edge with disorder. Furthermore, we
show that below a certain critical value of the disorder the smallest
eigenvalue remains delocalized and separated by all the others (localized) ones
by a gap. We also study the evolution of the mobility edge at the center of the
band with the connectivity, and discuss the large connectivity limit.
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Two dimensional (2D) laminar jet-----a stream of fluid that projected into a
surrounding medium with the flow confined in 2D-----has both theoretical and
experimental significance. We carried out 2D laminar jet experiments in freely
suspended liquid crystal films (FSLCFs) of nanometers thick and centimeters in
size, in which individual molecules are confined to single layers thus enable
film flows with two degrees of freedom. The experimental observations are found
in good agreement with the classic 2D laminar jet theory of ideal cases that
assume no external coupling effects, even in fact there exist strong coupling
force from the ambient air. We further investigated this air coupling effect in
computer simulations, with the results indicated air has little influence on
the velocity maps of flow near the nozzle. This astonishing results could be
intuitively understood by considering 2D incompressibility of the films. This
experiment, together with a series of our previous experiments, show for a wide
range of Reynolds number, FSLCFs are excellent testing beds for 2D
hydrodynamics.
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The bright X-ray transient H 1743-322 was observed daily by the Rossi X-ray
Timing Explorer (RXTE) during most of its 8-month outburst in 2003. We present
a detailed spectral analysis and a supporting timing analysis of all of these
data, and we discuss the behavior and evolution of the source in terms of the
three principal X-ray states defined by Remillard and McClintock. These X-ray
results are complemented by Very Large Array (VLA) data obtained at six
frequencies that provide quite complete coverage of the entire outburst cycle
at 4.860 GHz and 8.460 GHz. We also present photometric data and finding charts
for the optical counterpart in both outburst and quiescence. We closely compare
H 1743-322 to the well-studied black-hole X-ray transient XTE J1550-564 and
find the behaviors of these systems to be very similar. As reported elsewhere,
both H 1743-322 and XTE J1550-564 are relativistic jet sources and both exhibit
a pair of high-frequency QPO oscillations with a 3:2 frequency ratio. The many
striking similarities between these two sources argue strongly that H 1743-322
is a black hole binary, although presently no dynamical data exist to support
this conclusion.
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Large socio-economic impact of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) extremes
motivated numerous attempts at its long range prediction over the past century.
However, a rather estimated low potential predictability limit (PPL) of
seasonal prediction of the ISM, contributed significantly by 'internal'
interannual variability was considered insurmountable. Here we show that the
'internal' variability contributed by the ISM sub-seasonal (synoptic +
intra-seasonal) fluctuations, so far considered chaotic, is partly predictable
as found to be tied to slowly varying forcing (e.g. El Nino and Southern
Oscillation). This provides a scientific basis for predictability of the ISM
rainfall beyond the conventional estimates of PPL. We establish a much higher
actual limit of predictability (r~0.82) through an extensive re-forecast
experiment (1920 years of simulation) by improving two major physics in a
global coupled climate model, which raises a hope for a very reliable dynamical
seasonal ISM forecasting in the near future.
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I would love to leave a 5 start rating
I would love to leave a 5 start rating, my grand daughter absolutely loves this. The cup that attaches to the desk is broken, I am currently trying to figure out how to contact for just the cup and not have to send the whole thing back. It is put together and my grand daughter would be so disappointed.
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We prove Bitcoin is secure under temporary dishonest majority. We assume the
adversary can corrupt a specific fraction of parties and also introduce crash
failures, i.e., some honest participants are offline during the execution of
the protocol. We demand a majority of honest online participants on
expectation. We explore three different models and present the requirements for
proving Bitcoin's security in all of them: we first examine a synchronous
model, then extend to a bounded delay model and last we consider a synchronous
model that allows message losses.
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Quantum dots proximity-coupled to superconductors are attractive research
platforms due to the intricate interplay between the single-electron nature of
the dot and the many body nature of the superconducting state. These have been
studied mostly using nanowires and carbon nanotubes, which allow a combination
of tunability and proximity. Here we report a new type of quantum dot which
allows proximity to a broad range superconducting systems. The dots are
realized as embedded defects within semiconducting tunnel barriers in
van-der-Waals layers. By placing such layers on top of thin NbSe$_2$, we can
probe the Andreev bound state spectra of such dots up to high in-plane magnetic
fields without observing effects of a diminishing superconducting gap. As
tunnel junctions defined on NbSe$_2$ have a hard gap, we can map the sub-gap
spectra without background related to the rest of the junction. We find that
the proximitized defect states invariably have a singlet ground state, manifest
in the Zeeman splitting of the sub-gap excitation. We also find, in some cases,
bound states which converge to zero energy and remain there. We discuss the
role of the spin-orbit term, present both in the barrier and the
superconductor, in the realization of such topologically trivial zero-energy
states.
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Antiferromagnetic quantum spin systems can exhibit a transition between
collinear and spiral ground states, driven by frustration. Classically this is
a smooth crossover and the crossover point is termed a Lifshitz point. Quantum
fluctuations change the nature of the transition. In particular it has been
argued previously that in the two-dimensional (2D) case a spin liquid (SL)
state is developed in the vicinity of the Lifshitz point, termed a Lifshitz SL.
In the present work, using a field theory approach, we solve the Lifshitz
quantum phase transition problem for the 2D frustrated XY-model. Specifically,
we show that, unlike the SU(2) symmetric Lifshitz case, in the XY-model the SL
exists only at the critical point. At zero temperature we calculate
nonuniversal critical exponents in the Neel and in the spin spiral state and
relate these to properties of the SL. We also solve the transition problem at a
finite temperature and discuss the role of topological excitations.
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"Some forms of Yoga recommend "emptying one's mind. But this recommendation is antithetical to what the Church teaches."
What spirituality books [Catholic] have you been reading? Centering Prayer [a valid and approved method of contemplation] highly recommends freeing the mind from distractions and emptying it. Do you even know the difference between meditation and contemplation?
In Benedictine spirituality, often beginners are taught to quietly hum one musical note to keep the mind clear.
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We present the third installment of HI sources extracted from the Arecibo
Legacy Fast ALFA extragalactic survey. This dataset continues the work of the
Virgo ALFALFA catalog. The catalogs and spectra published here consist of data
obtained during the 2005 and 2006 observing sessions of the survey. The catalog
consists of 578 HI detections within the range 11h 36m < R.A.(J2000) < 13h 52m
and +08 deg < Dec.(J2000) < +12 deg, and cz_sun < 18000 km/s. The catalog
entries are identified with optical counterparts where possible through the
examination of digitized optical images. The catalog detections can be
classified into three categories: (a) detections of high reliability with S/N >
6.5; (b) high velocity clouds in the Milky Way or its periphery; and (c)
signals of lower S/N which coincide spatially with an optical object and known
redshift. 75% of the sources are newly published HI detections. Of particular
note is a complex of HI clouds projected between M87 and M49 that do not
coincide with any optical counterparts. Candidate objects without optical
counterparts are few. The median redshift for this sample is 6500 km/s and the
cz distribution exhibits the local large scale structure consisting of Virgo
and the background void and the A1367-Coma supercluster regime at cz_sun ~7000
km/s. Position corrections for telescope pointing errors are applied to the
dataset by comparing ALFALFA continuum centroid with those cataloged in the
NRAO VLA Sky Survey. The uncorrected positional accuracy averages
27 arcsec ~(21 arcsec ~median) for all sources with S/N > 6.5 and is of order
~21 arcsec ~(16 arcsec ~median) for signals with S/N > 12. Uncertainties in
distances toward the Virgo cluster can affect the calculated HI mass
distribution.
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Air showers from cosmic rays emit short, intense radio pulses. LOFAR is a new
radio telescope, that is being built in the Netherlands and Europe. Designed
primarily as a radio interferometer, the core of LOFAR will have a high density
of radio antennas, which will be extremely well calibrated. This makes LOFAR a
unique tool for the study of the radio properties of single air showers.
Triggering on the radio emission from air showers means detecting a short
radio pulse and discriminating real events from radio interference. At LOFAR we
plan to search for pulses in the digital data stream - either from single
antennas or from already beam-formed data - and calculate several parameters
characterizing the pulse shape to pick out real events in a second stage. In
addition, we will have a small scintillator array to test and confirm the
performance of the radio only trigger.
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A ballean $\mathcal{B}$ (or a coarse structure) on a set $X$ is a family of
subsets of $X$ called balls (or entourages of the diagonal in $X\times X$)
defined in such a way that $\mathcal{B}$ can be considered as the asymptotic
counterpart of a uniform topological space. The aim of this paper is to study
two concrete balleans defined by the ideals in the Boolean algebra of all
subsets of $X$ and their hyperballeans, with particular emphasis on their
connectedness structure, more specifically the number of their connected
components.
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We study the near horizon geometry of extremal black holes in five
dimensional gauged supergravity using Sen's entropy function formalism. Special
attention is paid to the large black hole limit where the near horizon solution
exhibits a universal dependence on the rotation. The physical properties of the
large black hole solution are shown to agree with predictions from fluid
mechanical description of the dual conformal field theory.
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Let $(A,\m)$ be a Noetherian local ring, let $M$ be a finitely generated \CM
$A$-module of dimension $r \geq 2$ and let $I$ be an ideal of definition for
$M$. Set $L^I(M) = \bigoplus_{n\geq 0}M/I^{n+1}M$. In part one of this paper we
showed that $L^I(M)$ is a module over $\R$, the Rees algebra of $I$ and we gave
many applications of $L^I(M)$ to study the associated graded module,
$G_I(M)$. In this paper we give many further applications of our technique;
most notable is a reformulation of a classical result due to Narita in terms of
the Ratliff-Rush filtration. This reformulation can be extended to all
dimensions $\geq 2$.
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Anticipating possible behaviors of traffic participants is an essential
capability of autonomous vehicles. Many behavior detection and maneuver
recognition methods only have a very limited prediction horizon that leaves
inadequate time and space for planning. To avoid unsatisfactory reactive
decisions, it is essential to count long-term future rewards in planning, which
requires extending the prediction horizon. In this paper, we uncover that clues
to vehicle behaviors over an extended horizon can be found in vehicle
interaction, which makes it possible to anticipate the likelihood of a certain
behavior, even in the absence of any clear maneuver pattern. We adopt a
recurrent neural network (RNN) for observation encoding, and based on that, we
propose a novel vehicle behavior interaction network (VBIN) to capture the
vehicle interaction from the hidden states and connection feature of each
interaction pair. The output of our method is a probabilistic likelihood of
multiple behavior classes, which matches the multimodal and uncertain nature of
the distant future. A systematic comparison of our method against two
state-of-the-art methods and another two baseline methods on a publicly
available real highway dataset is provided, showing that our method has
superior accuracy and advanced capability for interaction modeling.
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Short gamma-ray bursts result from mergers of two neutron stars or from
collapsars, but probably at a smaller rate. In the first case, a kilonova
occurs while in the second case a Type Ic supernova is expected. } {Even if
future observations of kilonovae in association with gravitational wave events
provide better data, detecting a kilonova during an afterglow follow-up would
remain useful for exploring the diversity of the kilonova phenomenon. As
supernovae produce a weaker gravitational signal, afterglow follow-up will be
the only possible method to find one. In this work, we identify the conditions
of the burst energy, external density, kilonova mass, supernova luminosity,
that are necessary for the detection of a kilonova or supernova in the
follow-up of short GRB afterglows.} {We have used a simple kilonova model to
obtain the peak luminosities and times as a function of mass, expansion
velocity and ejected matter opacity. Afterglow light curves are computed for a
uniform medium and a stellar wind, in the kilonova and supernova cases,
respectively.} {We represent, using diagrams of the burst kinetic energy vs.
density of the external medium, the domains where the kilonova or supernova at
maximum is brighter than the afterglow. %\LEt{Please check I have retained your
intended meaning -> It's OK
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Timing of shipping isn't good
The product is very good - this is the second one I have bought. The problem is Amazon's sloppy attitude toward shipping. The order for this item was followed 2 days later by an order to Amazon's biggest competitor (name starting with a "W"). W delivered their order 2 days BEFORE Amazon did - that's a net of 4 days better performance! Amazon is obviously getting ready to dump their delivery in 2 days promise for Prime members.
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Ticket assignment/dispatch is a crucial part of service delivery business
with lot of scope for automation and optimization. In this paper, we present an
end-to-end automated helpdesk email ticket assignment system, which is also
offered as a service. The objective of the system is to determine the nature of
the problem mentioned in an incoming email ticket and then automatically
dispatch it to an appropriate resolver group (or team) for resolution.
The proposed system uses an ensemble classifier augmented with a configurable
rule engine. While design of classifier that is accurate is one of the main
challenges, we also need to address the need of designing a system that is
robust and adaptive to changing business needs. We discuss some of the main
design challenges associated with email ticket assignment automation and how we
solve them. The design decisions for our system are driven by high accuracy,
coverage, business continuity, scalability and optimal usage of computational
resources.
Our system has been deployed in production of three major service providers
and currently assigning over 40,000 emails per month, on an average, with an
accuracy close to 90% and covering at least 90% of email tickets. This
translates to achieving human-level accuracy and results in a net saving of
about 23000 man-hours of effort per annum.
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It's okay
I agree that the frame and back of the frame seem a bit cheaply made, the glass on the front is also, not glass more of a plastic, which I personally did not mind bc the frame will be going into my 5 year olds room. However the frame did not come with holders to put hang it on the wall, and the back stand thing broke with little tug. Thank god I'll be hanging it. you get what you pay for. It's okay for the price I guess. I did paint it white which made it look better to me.
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What is it about Liberal supporters who hate Mulroney and Conservatives that compel you to constantly lie, dissemble and exaggerate so obviously and embarrassingly?
True, it is a Liberal political tradition but why not leave it to the actual Liberal politicians who are so good at it?
Joe Clark was born into a comfortable middle class family who for many years ran a weekly newspaper in the small Alberta town city of High River. But anyone with half a clue would know that running a little weekly newspaper in a town of 12,000 is hardly the ticket to riches and silver spoons.
As to The Clark Mansion, there is no Clark Mansion. There is a Clark Residence which is quite large (you can google the pictures of it) but hardly a mansion. It is an historic site but only because it was the residence of three generations of Clark newspaper publishers.
Please make some effort to be more truthful. If you ever do, some of us will take you seriously enough to respond to some of your posts.
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Glad to see an arrest. But let me get this straight. After a year producing nothing, someone outside the department provided info to detectives leading to the arrest. "Up until Saturday...the suspect was unknown." Glad the detectives were there to answer the phone. I'm happy as well that justice seems to e coming for these two deaths. I only hope that this same "patience" in policing will be shared with KPD patrol officers for them to likewise use their "training" and intelligence to give sufficient time for things to work out appropriately instead of escalating common street crime to a quick conclusion using gun violence to enforce laws, resulting in preventable deaths.
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I went to Crooked Earth to see a piece of New Zealand. What I found was a badly scripted and badly acted echo of the people I know.<br /><br />Great moments between characters including many of Temuera Morrison and Lawrences Makoares scenes together were often ruined by long and wordy monologues that the actors were forced to stumble through. Beautiful and ill-fitting phrases rattled away from Lawrence in particular as if he were the new Maori Messiah at his pulpit of beer crates.<br /><br />When watching any film with Maori actors, I've found that I can always pick a half dozen characters that remind me of someone in my life. With Crooked Earth I struggled to find one key character that rung true for the entire two hours. Most including Wiremu and Peka wound up saying or doing things that I didn't understand and couldn't connect with. By the end of the movie the writer had succeeded in alienating the audience where the Maori weren't able to relate to it and the Pakeha were therefore given license to dismiss it. My feeling is that the movies message or at least the main one of several that was being lobbed at the audience is important enough to avoid using character extremities. Unfortunately, no one who read the script before it was filmed thought to pass this piece of advice on.<br /><br />The soundtrack was invasive, and, as irritating as that horrible `bing-bong' noise that they laced through `Eyes Wide Shut'. The audience was not so subtly auto-cued to laugh, cry or be angry when the music changed. It reminded me of Darth Vader's entrance music in Star Wars: obvious and mildly amusing.<br /><br />I think that there are some people out there that might enjoy this film. It's funny in parts, has a fair amount of action and has some really powerful scenes. Calvin Tuteao and Quentin Hita did bang up jobs as well. As a whole though, I didn't enjoy the experience as much as I know I should have. Barb Wire, Speed 2, The Island of Dr Moreau and Crooked Earth look like they're going to be Tem's quartet of crap.
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Plot Synopsis: Los Angeles in the future. Crime is kept under control by Core Trackers, android assassins dispatched by the United States Computerized Judicial System to execute the guilty. Secret Service agent Eric Phillips prevents an attack on his boss, Senator Robert Dilly (the man who set up the USCJS), by the Union for Human Rights, a group of anti-machine activists. Dilly attempts to initiate Phillips into his private circle but the SS agent goes on the run after witnessing Dilly murder a UHR agent in cold blood. Dilly sends Core Trackers after him. Phillips joins the UHR group & helps them uncover a conspiracy involving Dilly.<br /><br />"Cyber Tracker" is the first of a number of sci-fi / action hybrids directed by Richard Pepin, co-founder of PM Entertainment, a powerhouse of action films during the 1990s. Other Pepin films include "Hologram Man", "T-Force", "The Silencers" & "Dark Breed". Pepin films typically start with a major action sequence which lasts about 10 minutes before allowing the plot to kick in. The script for this film has a few plot holes it is never clear what the conspiracy the heroes are trying to stop actually is. As for the acting, Don "The Dragon" Wilson may be tough but cannot act for beans, with little charisma. His co-stars are a lot better. The film's best bet are the action scenes, which throw up some impressive artillery fire, a huge bodycount & not one but three moments where a vehicle flies through the air, flips & hits the ground, exploding. The visual effects border on the cheap side & the musical score is low-key & shrill.
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Lovely Lamps
These lamps are the perfect size for a small corner. I placed them on either side of my dresser. They are bright even without turning them on. I have yet to get the bulbs for them. Can't wait to see how they light up my antique bureau. Very please with them.
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This paper reports main results of the phase noise comparison that has been
performed between october 2005 and december 2006, using two oscillators at 5
and 100 MHz and un DRO at 3.5 GHz. The problem is not to compare the
performances of several oscillators, but to compare and to make an evaluation
of the uncertainties, and of course the resolution and the reproducibility of
the measurements. This comparison allow us to determine the ability to get
various systems traceable together in order to increase the trust that one can
have in phase noise measurements.
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Recent advances in structural control during the synthesis of SWCNTs have in
common the use of bimetallic nanoparticles as catalysts, despite the fact that
their exact role is not fully understood. We therefore analyze the effect of
the catalyst' s chemical composition on the structure of the resulting SWCNTs
by comparing three bimetallic catalysts (FeRu, CoRu and NiRu). A specific
synthesis protocol is designed to impede the catalyst nanoparticle coalescence
mechanisms and stabilize their diameter distributions throughout the growth.
Owing to the ruthenium component which has a limited carbon solubility, tubes
grow in tangential mode and their diameter is close to that of their seeding
nanoparticle. By using as-synthesized SWCNTs as a channel material in field
effect transistors, we show how the chemical composition of the catalysts and
temperature can be used as parameters to tune the diameter distribution and
semiconducting-to-metallic ratio of SWCNT samples. Finally, a phenomenological
model, based on the dependence of the carbon solubility as a function of
catalyst nanoparticle size and nature of the alloying elements, is proposed to
interpret the results.
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Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding is an efficient scheme that
may significantly enhance the communication link. However, this enhancement
comes with a cost. Many precoding schemes require channel knowledge at the
transmitter that is obtained through feedback from the receiver. Focusing on
the natural common fusion of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)
and MIMO, we exploit the channel correlation in the frequency and spatial
domain to reduce the required feedback rate in a frequency division duplex
(FDD) system. The proposed feedback method is based on Huffman coding and is
employed here for the single stream case. The method leads to a significant
reduction in the required feedback rate, without any loss in performance. The
proposed method may be extended to the multi-stream case.
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We study the existence of a spin-glass phase in a field using Monte Carlo
simulations performed along a nontrivial path in the field--temperature plane
that must cross any putative de Almeida-Thouless instability line. The method
is first tested on the Ising spin glass on a Bethe lattice where the
instability line separating the spin glass from the paramagnetic state is also
computed analytically. While the instability line is reproduced by our
simulations on the mean-field Bethe lattice, no such instability line can be
found numerically for the short-range three-dimensional model.
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This is one of the greatest sports movies ever made by Hollywood. What a wonderful story about one of the great sports figures of American history. What makes the story of James J. Corbett especially interesting is that Mr. Corbett introduced the style of boxing that continues to this day. In that respect James J. Corbett was truly innovated. But getting back to the movie, all the performances were excellent. Alexis Smith was beautiful. Indeed, she looked like Nicole Kidman. And although it's a period piece, the story withstands the test of time; it has not gone stale. Ward Bond's portrayal of John L. Sullivan has to be one of the great portrayals of an actual sports figure in the history of movies and the boxing scenes are realistic, well-staged and highly effective. That coupled with a great script makes this movie a must.
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In this talk I shall start by describing how we set about and carried out the
work which led to the publication of B2FH in 1957. I then shall try and relate
this work and the circumstances that surrounded it to the larger problem of the
origin and formation of the universe. Here it is necessary to look back at the
way that ideas developed and how in many situations astronomers went astray. Of
course this is a personal view, though I very strongly believe that if he were
still here, it is the approach that Fred Hoyle would take.
I start by describing the problems originally encountered by Gamow and his
associates in trying to decide where the helium was made. This leads me to a
modern discussion of the origin of 2D, 3He, 4He and 7Li, originally described
by B2FH as due to the x-process. While it is generally argued, following Gamow,
Alpher, and Herman, that these isotopes were synthesized in a big bang I shall
show that it is equally likely that these isotopes were made in active galactic
nuclei, as was the cosmic microwave background (CMB), in a cyclic universe
model. The key piece of observational evidence is that the amount of energy
carried by the CMB, namely about 4.5 x 10-13 erg cm-3
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Demboski smells a lawsuit or a recall coming her way. Demboski is a boldface liar about her divorce from her first husband and who the father was of her first child. Demboski applied for Medicaid and public assistance in-between husbands and now attempts to deny Medicaid to low-income or homeless people. Demboski tried to lie about Mayor Berkowitz supporting incest during her pathetic campaign. I for one don't believe a word Demboski spews out of her rabid mouth. Recall Demboski and be done with it. Public service isn't her calling.
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Evidence for the triggering of earthquakes by tides has been largely lacking
for the continents but detectable in the oceans where the tides are larger. By
far the strongest tidal triggering signals are in volcanic areas of mid-ocean
ridges. These areas offer the most promise for the study of this process, but
even the most basic mechanism of tidal triggering at the ridges has been
elusive. The triggering occurs at low tides, but as the earthquakes are of the
normal faulting type, low tides should inhibit rather than encourage faulting.
Here, treating the most well documented case, Axial Volcano on the Juan de Fuca
ridge, we show that the axial magma chamber inflates or deflates in response to
tidal stresses and produces Coulomb stresses on normal faults opposite in sign
to those produced by the tidal stresses. If the bulk modulus of the magma
chamber is below a critical value, the magma chamber Coulomb stresses will
exceed the tidal ones and the phase of tidal triggering will be inverted. The
stress dependence of seismicity rate agrees with triggering theory with
unprecedented faithfulness, showing that there is no triggering threshold.
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We consider the fractional Klein-Gordon equation in one spatial dimension,
subjected to a damping coefficient, which is non-trivial and periodic, or more
generally strictly positive on a periodic set. We show that the energy of the
solution decays at the polynomial rate $O(t^{-\frac{s}{4-2s}})$ for $0< s<2 $
and at some exponential rate when $s\geq 2$. Our approach is based on the
asymptotic theory of $C_0$ semigroups in which one can relate the decay rate of
the energy in terms of the resolvent growth of the semigroup generator. The
main technical result is a new observability estimate for the fractional
Laplacian, which may be of independent interest.
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Recently a new type of Kramers-Fokker-Planck Equation has been proposed [R.
Friedrich et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 96}, 230601 (2006)] describing anomalous
diffusion in external potentials. In the present paper the explicit cases of a
harmonic potential and a velocity-dependend damping are incorporated. Exact
relations for moments for these cases are presented and the asymptotic
behaviour for long times is discussed. Interestingly the bounding potential and
the additional damping by itself lead to a subdiffussive behaviour, while
acting together the particle becomes localized for long times.
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The nuclear symmetry energy is a fundamental quantity important for studying
the structure of systems as diverse as the atomic nucleus and the neutron star.
Considerable efforts are being made to experimentally extract the symmetry
energy and its dependence on nuclear density and temperature. In this article,
we review experimental studies carried out up-to-date and their current status.
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We investigate the effect of strange quark degrees of freedom on the
formation of inhomogeneous chiral condensates in a three-flavor
Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model in mean-field approximation. A Ginzburg-Landau study
complemented by a stability analysis allow us to determine in a general way the
location of the critical and Lifshitz points, together with the phase boundary
where the (partially) chirally restored phase becomes unstable against
developing inhomogeneities, without resorting to specific assumptions on the
shape of the chiral condensate. We discuss the resulting phase structure and
study the influence of the bare strange-quark mass $m_s$ and the axial anomaly
on the size and location of the inhomogeneous phase compared to the first-order
transition associated with homogeneous matter. We find that, as a consequence
of the axial anomaly, critical and Lifshitz point split. For realistic
strange-quark masses the effect is however very small and becomes sizeable only
for small values of $m_s$.
|
The current state of research on high-energy heavy ion physics, including its
motivations and purpose is reviewed from a theorist's perspective. Possible
future directions are discussed, in particular the possibility of investigating
the regime of small transverse momenta in more detail and an improved interplay
between experiments and dedicated theory development.
|
This paper considers a class of deploy and search strategies for multi-robot
systems and evaluates their performance. The application framework used is a
system of autonomous mobile robots equipped with required sensors and
communication equipment deployed in a search space to gather information. The
lack of information about the search space is modeled as an uncertainty density
distribution over the search space. A {\em combined deploy and search} (CDS)
strategy has been formulated as a modification to {\em sequential deploy and
search} (SDS) strategy presented in our previous work. The optimal deployment
strategy using Voronoi partition forms the basis for these two search
strategies. The strategies are analyzed in presence of constraints on robot
speed and limit on sensor range for convergence of trajectories with
corresponding control laws responsible for the motion of robots. SDS and CDS
strategies are compared with standard greedy and random search strategies on
the basis of time taken to achieve reduction in the uncertainty density below a
desired level. The simulation experiments reveal several important issues
related to the dependence of the relative performances of the strategies on
parameters such as number of robots, speed of robots, and their sensor range
limits.
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Gaia will provide parallaxes and proper motions with accuracy ranging from 10
to 1000 microarcsecond on up to one billion stars. Most of these will be disk
stars: for an unreddened K giant at 6 kpc, it will measure the distance
accurate to 15% and the transverse velocity to an accuracy of about 1 km/s.
Gaia will observe tracers of Galactic structure across the whole HR diagram,
including Cepheids, RR Lyrae, white dwarfs, F dwarfs and HB stars. Onboard low
resolution spectrophotometry will permit -- in addition to a Teff estimate --
dwarf/giant discrimination, metallicity measurement and extinction
determination. For the first time, then, Gaia will provide us with a 3D
spatial/properties map and at least a 2D velocity map of these tracers (RVs
will be obtained too for brighter stars.) This will be a goldmine of
information from which to learn about the origin and evolution of the Galactic
disk. I briefly review the Gaia mission, and then show how the expected
astrometric accuracies translate into distance and velocity accuracies and
statistics. I examine the impact Gaia should have on a few scientific areas
relevant to the Galactic disk. I discuss how a better determination of the
spiral arm locations and pattern speed, plus a better reconstruction of the
Sun's orbit over the past billion years (from integration through the
Gaia-measured gravitational potential) will allow us to assess the possible
role of spiral arm crossings in ice ages and mass extinctions on the Earth.
|
The bars are very easily bendable which could possible lead to breaking
I do not care for this, the bulb burned out as soon as I pluged it in. The bars are very easily bendable which could possible lead to breaking. Cool idea but could rethink the basket that holds the rocks and would most likely be a great product.
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We study the spectral aspects of the graph limit theory. We give a
description of graphon convergence in terms of converegnce of eigenvalues and
eigenspaces. Along these lines we prove a spectral version of the strong
regularity lemma. Using spectral methods we investigate group actions on
graphons. As an application we show that the set of isometry invariant graphons
on the sphere is closed in terms of graph convergence however the analogous
statement does not hold for the circle. This fact is rooted in the
representation theory of the orthogonal group.
|
AgInSe2 nanorods (NRs) with diameter of 15 nm have been investigated for
their nonlinear optical responses by using Z-scan and transient absorption
techniques with femtosecond laser pulses of photon energy greater than the
bandgap. At excitation irradiance of 20 GW/cm2, AgInSe2 NRs reveal saturation
in the nonlinear absorption and optical Kerr nonlinearity with a recovery time
determined to be a few ten picoseconds. Such large saturable absorption and
Kerr nonlinearity exhibit a third-order susceptibility of 1.2 x 10-8 esu and a
figure of merit of 0.04 esu.cm.s-1, making AgInSe2 NRs a promising candidate
for saturable absorption devices.
|
We present a priori and superconvergence error estimates of mixed finite
element methods for the pseudostress-velocity formulation of the Oseen
equation. In particular, we derive superconvergence estimates for the velocity
and a priori error estimates under unstructured grids, and obtain
superconvergence results for the pseudostress under certain structured grids. A
variety of numerical experiments validate the theoretical results and
illustrate the effectiveness of the superconvergent recovery-based adaptive
mesh refinement. It is also numerically shown that the proposed postprocessing
yields apparent superconvergence in a benchmark problem for the incompressible
Navier--Stokes equation.
|
We describe 'staq', a full-stack quantum processing toolkit written in
standard C++. 'staq' is a quantum compiler toolkit, comprising of tools that
range from quantum optimizers and translators to physical mappers for quantum
devices with restricted connectives. The design of 'staq' is inspired from the
UNIX philosophy of "less is more", i.e. 'staq' achieves complex functionality
via combining (piping) small tools, each of which performs a single task using
the most advanced current state-of-the-art methods. We also provide a set of
illustrative benchmarks.
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The purpose of this work is to survey what is known about the linear
independence of spikes and sines. The paper provides new results for the case
where the locations of the spikes and the frequencies of the sines are chosen
at random. This problem is equivalent to studying the spectral norm of a random
submatrix drawn from the discrete Fourier transform matrix. The proof involves
depends on an extrapolation argument of Bourgain and Tzafriri.
|
When we use video chat, video game, or other video applications,
motion-blurred hands often appear. Accurately extracting these hands is very
useful for video editing and behavior analysis. However, existing
motion-blurred object extraction methods either need user interactions, such as
user supplied trimaps and scribbles, or need additional information, such as
background images. In this paper, a novel method which can automatically
extract the semi-transparent motion-blurred hand just according to the original
RGB image is proposed. The proposed method separates the extraction task into
two subtasks: alpha matte prediction and foreground prediction. These two
subtasks are implemented by Xception based encoder-decoder networks. The
extracted motion-blurred hand images can be calculated by multiplying the
predicted alpha mattes and foreground images. Experiments on synthetic and real
datasets show that the proposed method has promising performance.
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This movie had an excellent premise, and could have been a fascinating look at racism, attitudes to women at work and male female relations in England early last century. However, it simply turned into a soppy love story. But what was worse, is that the love story was totally unbelievable. The acting was for the most part poor, the direction confusing, but most of all the screenplay and the story were non-existent. The only thing I liked about the film was how dark it must have been before electric lighting. I really got a sense of just how little light one candle puts out.
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Multimaterial heat diffusion can be a challenging numerical problem when the
material boundaries are misaligned with the numerical grid. Even when the
boundaries start out aligned, they typically become misaligned through
hydrodynamic motion. There are usually a number of methods for handling
multimaterial cells in any given hydro code. One of the simplest methods is to
replace the multimaterial cell by an average single-material cell whose heat
capacity and conductivity are averages over the constituent materials. One can
further refine this model by using either the arithmetic or harmonic averages,
thereby providing two distinct (albeit naive) multimaterial models for the
arithmetic and harmonic averages. More sophisticated models typically involve a
surrogate mesh of some kind, as with the thin mesh and static condensation
methods. In this paper, we perform rigorous code verification of the
multiphysics hydrocode FLAG, including grid resolution studies. We employ a
number of newly constructed 2D heat flow solutions that generalize the standard
{\em planar sandwich} solution, and this paper offers a smorgasbord of exact
solutions for heat flow verification. To perform the analyses and to produce
the corresponding convergence plots, we employ the code verification tool
ExactPack.
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