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1,504,675	A4 paper measures 297 millimetres by 210 millimetres. But what is the basic size of paper that covers 1 square metre?	List of paper sizes \| Page dimensions from ISO A4 to Letter and Metric Demy Quarto Newspaper sizes ISO A paper sizes The A-series consists of a logical set of paper sizes that are defined by the ISO 216 standard. The largest size ( A0 ) measures one square meter. The height/width ratio remains constant (1:1.41) for all sizes. This means you get the A1 size by folding an A0 paper in two along its shortest side. Then fold the A1 size in two to get an A2 size paper, and so on… A-sizes are used to define the finished paper size in commercial printing: A4 is for office documents, A5 is for notepads and A6 is for postcards. Millimeters	1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? 10. From what ancient activity does the word ‘crestfallen’ come? 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? 14. What did Britain’s roads first acquire in 1914? 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children’s TV programme How? 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? 19. Who were Tom and Barbara’s neighbours in The Good Life? 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your ‘Daisy Roots’? 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? 22. Which actor played Columbo? 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I’m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White Lines; 15. Robbie Fowler; 16. Hearsay; 17. Jack Hargreaves; 18. Dawn French; 19. Margo and Jerry Leadbetter; 20. Boots; 21. McWhirter (Ross and Norris); 22. Peter Falk; 23. Two; 24. The Clock Tower on the Palace of Westminster in London (Big Ben is the nickname for the bell); 25. The National Trust; 26. Brough Superior; 27. Yellow; 28. Fungi; 29. Nelson Mandela House; 30. Universal Serial Bus Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,676	Radovan Karadzic is associated with genocide between 1992 and 1995 in which country?	Bosnian Genocide - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Background In the aftermath of the Second World War, the Balkan states of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia and Macedonia became part of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia. After the death of longtime Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito in 1980, growing nationalism among the different Yugoslav republics threatened to split their union apart. This process intensified after the mid-1980s with the rise of the Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic, who helped foment discontent between Serbians in Bosnia and Croatia and their Croatian, Bosniak and Albanian neighbors. In 1991, Slovenia, Croatia and Macedonia declared their independence; during the war in Croatia that followed, the Serb-dominated Yugoslav army supported Serbian separatists there in their brutal clashes with Croatian forces. Did You Know? In 2001, Serbian General Radislav Krstic, who played a major role in the Srebrenica massacre was convicted of genocide and sentenced to 46 years in prison. In Bosnia, Muslims represented the largest single population group by 1971. More Serbs and Croats emigrated over the next two decades, and in a 1991 census Bosnia’s population of some 4 million was 44 percent Bosniak, 31 percent Serb, and 17 percent Croatian. Elections held in late 1990 resulted in a coalition government split between parties representing the three ethnicities (in rough proportion to their populations) and led by the Bosniak Alija Izetbegovic. As tensions built inside and outside the country, the Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic and his Serbian Democratic Party withdrew from government and set up their own “Serbian National Assembly.” On March 3, 1992, after a referendum vote (which Karadzic’s party blocked in many Serb-populated areas), President Izetbegovic proclaimed Bosnia’s independence. Struggle for Control in Bosnia Far from seeking independence for Bosnia, Bosnian Serbs wanted to be part of a dominant Serbian state in the Balkans–the “Greater Serbia” that Serbian separatists had long envisioned. In early May 1992, two days after the United States and the European Community (precursor to the European Union) recognized Bosnia’s independence, Bosnian Serb forces with the backing of Milosevic and the Serb-dominated Yugoslav army launched their offensive with a bombardment of Bosnia’s capital, Sarajevo. They attacked Bosniak-dominated town in eastern Bosnia, including Zvornik, Foca, and Visegrad, forcibly expelling Bosniak civilians from the region in a brutal process that later was identified as “ethnic cleansing.” (Ethnic cleansing differs from genocide in that its primary goal is the expulsion of a group of people from a geographical area and not the actual physical destruction of that group, even though the same methods–including murder, rape, torture and forcible displacement–may be used.) Though Bosnian government forces tried to defend the territory, sometimes with the help of the Croatian army, Bosnian Serb forces were in control of nearly three-quarters of the country by the end of 1993, and Karadzic’s party had set up their own Republika Srpska in the east. Most of the Bosnian Croats had left the country, while a significant Bosniak population remained only in smaller towns. Several peace proposals between a Croatian-Bosniak federation and Bosnian Serbs failed when the Serbs refused to give up any territory. The United Nations (U.N.) refused to intervene in the conflict in Bosnia, but a campaign spearheaded by its High Commissioner for Refugees provided humanitarian aid to its many displaced, malnourished and injured victims. Attack on Srebrenica: July 1995 By the summer of 1995, three towns in eastern Bosnia–Srebrenica, Zepa and Gorazde–remained under control of the Bosnian government. The U.N. had declared these enclaves “safe havens” in 1993, to be disarmed and protected by international peacekeeping forces. On July 11, however, Bosnian Serb forces advanced on Srebrenica, overwhelming a battalion of Dutch peacekeeping forces stationed there. Serbian forces su	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,677	White Lion pubs are named after which English King's heraldic symbol?	Origin of Pub names Flashcards - Course Hero Richard II reign - 1377 - his heraldic symbol White Swan? Appears in coat of arms of - Edward III - Earls of Essex - Vintners - Poulters - Musicians Livery Companies White Knight? Name of chess piece - Incompetent horseman and crazy inventor in "Alice Through the Looking-Glass" Lewis Carrol White Lion? Edward IV - Earls on March - Duke of Norfolk White Horse? 15 c - Kings of Wessex - Emblem of Kent - House of Hanover - Carmen - Coachmen - Farriers - Innholders - Saddlers - Wheelwrights - Livery companies White Bear? Heraldic reference to the Earls of Kent Red Lion? John of Gaunt - Heraldic reference to Scotland's James I - over 600 - most popular of all pub names Red Cross? Sacred to the Druids - Known in Norse mythology as Woden's Bird Admirals ? Over 36 individual admirals who have been honored by haveing a pub named after them - Nelson is the most popular of this group Angel and Crown? Crown supported by angels - popular after the Restoration 1660 Dog and Duck? Royal diversion of duck hunting - favoured by Charles II The George Inn? St George - 6 king George Herne Tavern? Or Herne Oak? Refers to a tree that was blown down in 1863 in Windsor Great Park, it is reputedly haunted by Henre who was a forester centuries earlier The Tabard? Famous for accommodating the numerous pilgrims taking the annual pilgrimage to the Shrine of Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral - mentioned in Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales Blind Beggar? Refers to Henry, son of Simon de Montfort, who was left for dead after the battle of Evesham 1265, Henry is said to have assumed the grab of a blind beggar in order to escape - William Booth preached his first sermon in this pub in 1857 The Duke's Head? Changing the Duke represented on the sign following the fashion of the day, Cumberland - Clarence Wellington etc King's Head? Of popular kings - mostly Henry VIII - over 50 in London King's Arms? Of popular kings - mostly Henry VIII - over 50 in London Spread Eagle? An eagle with its wings spread out National emblem of the Romans - Heraldic to Austria - Germany - Russia - Spain - France Warwick Castle? The landowner had an estate in Warwickshire Coach and Horses? Common name since the 1600s - 50+ in London alone - The arrival of Hackney Carriages and later stagecoaches meant that there was plenty of traffic = more Inns The Harp? Welsh Harp - Symbolic of Ireland - First adopted by Henry VIII as the Irish badge - James I was the first king to include it in the royal arms Black Cap? Applies to the cap worn by English judges when passing the death sentence - applied to many species of birds which have a black area on their head The Jack Horner? Little Jack Horner, who sat in the corner, eating a Xmas pie, he put in his thumb, and pulled out a plumb, and said, what a good boy am I. Rising Sun? Common heraldic symbol - Edward III - Richard III - Many landed families - reference to William III The Globe? Associated with William Shakespeare because of the Globe Theatre - 20+ in London Bacon Arms? Francis Bacon Viscount St Albans 1500s philosopher and statesmen Bags o'Nails? Originally the sign of an ironmonger when tradesmen displayed a street sign Beaconsfield Tavern, Arms? The Earl of Beaconsfield - Benjamin Disraeli - 1804-81 Bird Cage E2 ? Reflects the popular custom of keeping caged birds which was introduced to the East End by the Huguenots in the 17 c Black Friars EC4 ? Dominican monks, known as black friars - wore black habits - built a monastery here in the 13 c Black Horse? Popular sign 13 c - 17 c become the nickname of the 7th Dragoon Guards, who had black collars and cuffs on their jackets and rode mainly black horses Black Lion? Heraldic sign mainly related to Queen Philipa of Hainault wife of Edward III Black RavenEC2 ? Related to the ravens in the Tower of London Black Swan? A rare bird, a remarkable person, was the landlord - Later references may be Australia, black swan is the emblem of Western Australia Blue Lion? Arms of the royal house of Denmark, special referenc	Famous Affinities of History - King Charles II. and Nell Gwyn (by Lyndon Orr) Famous Affinities of History At the National Gallery King Charles II. and Nell Gwyn One might classify the kings of England in many ways. John was undoubtedly the most unpopular. The impetuous yet far-seeing Henry II., with the other two great warriors, Edward I. and Edward III., and William of Orange, did most for the foundation and development of England’s constitutional law. Some monarchs, such as Edward II. and the womanish Henry VI., have been contemptible. Hard-working, useful kings have been Henry VII., the Georges, William IV., and especially the last Edward. If we consider those monarchs who have in some curious way touched the popular fancy without reference to their virtues we must go back to Richard of the Lion Heart, who saw but little of England, yet was the best essentially English king, and to Henry V., gallant soldier and conqueror of France. Even Henry VIII. had a warm place in the affection of his countrymen, few of whom saw him near at hand, but most of whom made him a sort of regal incarnation of John Bull–wrestling and tilting and boxing, eating great joints of beef, and staying his thirst with flagons of ale– a big, healthy, masterful animal, in fact, who gratified the national love of splendor and stood up manfully in his struggle with the Pope. But if you look for something more than ordinary popularity– something that belongs to sentiment and makes men willing to become martyrs for a royal cause–we must find these among the Stuart kings. It is odd, indeed, that even at this day there are Englishmen and Englishwomen who believe their lawful sovereign to be a minor Bavarian princess in whose veins there runs the Stuart blood. Prayers are said for her at English shrines, and toasts are drunk to her in rare old wine. Of course, to-day this cult of the Stuarts is nothing but a fad. No one ever expects to see a Stuart on the English throne. But it is significant of the deep strain of romance which the six Stuarts who reigned in England have implanted in the English heart. The old Jacobite ballads still have power to thrill. Queen Victoria herself used to have the pipers file out before her at Balmoral to the “skirling” of “Bonnie Dundee,” “Over the Water to Charlie," and “Wha’ll Be King but Charlie!” It is a sentiment that has never died. Her late majesty used to say that when she heard these tunes she became for the moment a Jacobite; just as the Empress Eugenie at the height of her power used pertly to remark that she herself was the only Legitimist left in France. It may be suggested that the Stuarts are still loved by many Englishmen because they were unfortunate; yet this is hardly true, after all. Many of them were fortunate enough. The first of them, King James, an absurd creature, speaking broad Scotch, timid, foolishly fond of favorites, and having none of the dignity of a monarch, lived out a lengthy reign. The two royal women of the family–Anne and Mary–had no misfortunes of a public nature. Charles II. reigned for more than a quarter of a century, lapped in every kind of luxury, and died a king. The first Charles was beheaded and afterward styled a “saint"; yet the majority of the English people were against his arrogance, or else he would have won his great struggle against Parliament. The second James was not popular at all. Nevertheless, no sooner had he been expelled, and been succeeded by a Dutchman gnawing asparagus and reeking of cheeses, than there was already a Stuart legend. Even had there been no pretenders to carry on the cult, the Stuarts would still have passed into history as much loved by the people. It only shows how very little in former days the people expected of a regnant king. Many monarchs have had just a few popular traits, and these have stood out brilliantly against the darkness of the background. No one could have cared greatly for the first James, but Charles I. was indeed a kingly personage when viewed afar. He was handsome, as a man, fully equaling the French princess who became his	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,678	Who in the poem married the owl and the pussycat	The Owl and the Pussy-Cat by Edward Lear \| Poetry Foundation The Owl and the Pussy-Cat by Edward Lear The Owl and the Pussy-Cat Related Poem Content Details The Owl and the Pussy-cat went to sea In a beautiful pea-green boat, They took some honey, and plenty of money, Wrapped up in a five-pound note. The Owl looked up to the stars above, And sang to a small guitar, "O lovely Pussy! O Pussy, my love, What a beautiful Pussy you are, You are, What a beautiful Pussy you are!" II Pussy said to the Owl, "You elegant fowl! How charmingly sweet you sing! O let us be married! too long we have tarried: But what shall we do for a ring?" They sailed away, for a year and a day, To the land where the Bong-Tree grows And there in a wood a Piggy-wig stood With a ring at the end of his nose, His nose, With a ring at the end of his nose. III "Dear Pig, are you willing to sell for one shilling Your ring?" Said the Piggy, "I will." So they took it away, and were married next day By the Turkey who lives on the hill. They dined on mince, and slices of quince, Which they ate with a runcible spoon; And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand, They danced by the light of the moon, The moon,	Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Introduction In A Nutshell Thomas Gray invariably plays second fiddle to the more famous eighteenth-century British poet Alexander Pope in the literary history books, which is kind of a bummer, because Gray was a really interesting guy. Sure, he wrote relatively few poems, and of those few, most readers and critics agree that "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" is far and away the best, but the question is, why did he write so few poems? What was holding him back? How could the guy who wrote the haunting, beautiful "Elegy" also write the relatively stilted and formal "Sonnet on the Death of Richard West" (1775)? There are so many unanswered questions about Thomas Gray! If Shmoop had a time machine, we'd want to transport ourselves back to the late 1700s to try to get the Shmoop scoop on Gray. What made this guy tick? Here's what we do know: his home life wasn't so great. His father went kinda crazy on occasion, and abused his mother. Not a very happy environment to grow up in! But that's the good thing about being a relatively well-to-do young man in the 1700s: you get sent to boarding school from a very young age, so you get to escape from the yelling and abuse at home. At Eton, Gray met his BFF, Richard West (whose early death inspired the poem, "Sonnet on the Death of Richard West") and he also made friends with Horace Walpole, who grew up to write the totally awesome, completely insane The Castle of Otranto, the novel that practically launched the literary Gothic movement (a.k.a. the literary ancestors of modern horror flicks). But what else do we know about Gray? Not much, really—he wrote a lot of letters, but didn't share much personal gossip. Gray tended to start poems and never finish them, or else he'd finish them but never publish them. He was offered the prestigious post of British Poet Laureate in 1757, but he turned it down. It seems as though he might have lacked confidence in himself as a poet. He only published the "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" because, after sending a few copies to his friends for their private enjoyment, some hack publishers got hold of it and tried to print a knock-off version without his permission. (Copyright laws weren't very strict in those days, so they'd have gotten away with it.) And yet the "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" is hands-down one of the most beautiful poems written in the eighteenth century, and it certainly had a major impact on later writers, especially Romantic-era poets like William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and John Keats, among others. The "Elegy" asks us to honor the lives of common, everyday people—not just rich, famous folks. This idea of glorifying mundane, everyday things becomes central to the philosophies of British Romantics. That's part of why Gray's "Elegy" often gets interpreted as a kind of turning point from the more formal poetry of the 18th century, with its emphasis on rich and famous people, to the more loose, free-form poetry of the Romantics, which focused more on everyday folks. The "Elegy" was probably inspired in part by Gray's sadness at the death of his friend Richard West. It's not just about death, but how people are remembered after they're dead (if that's a theme that interests you, you should check out "Afterwards" by Thomas Hardy). Gray muses about what happens after people die, and in the final stanzas of the poem, he admits his own fear of dying. It's a powerful and evocative poem. Even if the "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" were the only poem Gray ever wrote, Gray would deserve a place of pride in the literary history books, even alongside heavy hitters like Alexander Pope. Why Should I Care? Ever lost somebody that you cared about? No? Well, then you've probably at least experienced the loss of someone who moved far away. Still no? Well, not to bum you out, but chances are that you will—someday. And when that happens, you might find Thomas Gray 's "Elegy Written in a Coun	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,679	Paediatrics is concerned with what?	What is Pediatrics? What is Pediatrics? By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD Pediatrics is the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents from birth up to the age of 18. The word “paediatrics” means “healer of children”; they are derived from two Greek words: (pais = child) and (iatros = doctor or healer). Paediatrics is a relatively new medical specialty, developing only in the mid-19th century. Abraham Jacobi (1830–1919) is known as the father of paediatrics. What does a pediatrician do? A paediatrician is a child's physician who provides not only medical care for children who are acutely or chronically ill but also preventive health services for healthy children. A paediatrician manages physical, mental, and emotional well-being of the children under their care at every stage of development, in both sickness and health. Aims of pediatrics The aims of the study of paediatrics is to reduce infant and child rate of deaths, control the spread of infectious disease, promote healthy lifestyles for a long disease-free life and help ease the problems of children and adolescents with chronic conditions. Paediatricians diagnose and treat several conditions among children including:- injuries cancers organ diseases and dysfunctions Paediatrics is concerned not only about immediate management of the ill child but also long term effects on quality of life, disability and survival. Paediatricians are involved with the prevention, early detection, and management of problems including:- developmental delays and disorders mental disorders including depression and anxiety disorders Collaboration with other specialists Paediatrics is a collaborative specialty. Paediatricians need to work closely with other medical specialists and healthcare professionals and subspecialists of paediatrics to help children with problems. How does pediatrics differ from adult medicine? Related Stories	Full text of "The errand of mercy : a history of ambulance work upon the battlefield" See other formats ^L Digitized by the Internet Arciiive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/errandofmercyhisOObirdrich The Srrand of Mercy THE ERRAND OF MERCY." [Frontispiece. The Srrand of Mercy A History of Jlmhulance Work upon the Battlefield By M. Mostyn Bird With 17 ntusirsLUons, LOKDOK: HUrCHIKSOK & CO. "PATERKOSTER "ROW ^ ^ 1913 eiOLOGY LIBRARY y - CONTENTS CHAPTER I War, Religion, and Science — The character of battles changes — The forging of the Link — The three Ambulance problems — Heroes of the crusade — The three periods of Medicine , . i CHAPTER II ,500 B.C.-2OO A.D Homeric medicine and Aesculapius — Ancient Greek practice — Onasilos, the Army Surgeon — Hippocrates — Medicine in Ancient Egypt — Early Hindu practice — Herophilus of Alex- andria — Celsus — Ambulance work in the Roman Legions — The influence of Galen . , , . . .16 CHAPTER III 600-1500 A.D Changing views on duty to the sick and wounded — Paul of Aegina — Battle surgery in Medieval Europe — Saxon leechdom — The Barber-Surgeon — Arab Medicine — Salerno — Master Pitard and other Army Doctors — Guy de Chauliac — The Organization of the Profession of Surgery — The Army Medical Services . 4 1 CHAPTER IV IIOO-I480 A.D The work of the Monastic Houses — The Nursing Orders — St. Bart.'s and St. Thomas's, and other hospitals — Leprosy and Lepers — The Dissolution in England — " The Queen's Hospital " ........ 65 CHAPTER V THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM IOI4-I798 A.D The Founding of the Hospital — The Institution of the Order — Removal to Acre — The Siege — Fortifying Rhodes — Institution of the European Langues — Assault and fall of Rhodes — Malta — The final repulse of the Turks — Napoleon and the Order 80 320288 viii CONTENTS CHAPTER VI I443-I7OO A.D The Renaissance — Paracelsus — Brissot — The new weapons — Gun- shot wounds — Improvements in surgery — Richard Wise- man lis CHAPTER VII 1700-1815 A.D Europe during the Napoleonic Wars — The Army Medical Services — France — The inventions of Larrey and Percy — Germany — Goercke and the education of Army Surgeons — After Waterloo — Austria — Brambilla and the Field Hospitals . .138 CHAPTER VIII 1813-1859 A.D CiviUan Work on the Battle-field — Frankfurt — The Sonderbund War — A Manual of First Aid — Medical Problems of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries . . . . . • 171 CHAPTER IX 1854-1859 A.D The Crimean War and the Nursing Service — Florence Nightingale — The health of the troops — Henri Dunant — The Battle of Solferino 188 CHAPTER X 1861-1864 A.D The American Civil War — " The Sanitary Commission " — The Nation's Challenge — The Women of the South — The War in Schleswig-Holstein . . . . . . .218 CHAPTER XI 1863-1864 A.D " Un Souvenir de Solferino " — The Committee of Public Usefulness — The Conference of October, 1863 — Argument and Answer — The Signing of the Geneva Convention — The National Societies — Henri Dunant again ....... 229 CHAPTER XII 187O-1898 A.D The Franco-German War — The formation of the National Aid Society — Volunteers on the Battle-field — The St. John Ambu- lance Association — First-Aid in Civil Life — British help in Foreign Wars — The Soudan in 1884 . . . . 249 CONTENTS ix CHAPTER XIII 1898-I9OI A.D Voluntary Aid in the South African War — The Central Red Cross Council — Organizing the forces of help — Hospital trains — Foreign offers of aid — The Private Hospitals. . . 268 CHAPTER XIV I904-I913 A.D The Japanese Army ; its health in the field — Its Medical Service — Its Hospitals — The working of the Geneva Convention — The Medical Ser^'ices in the Balkan War — Neglected sanitary precautions and the punishment — British Red Cross Hospitals . ........ 292 CHAPTER XV I913 A.D The Royal Army Medical Corps — Its Organization — Its Duties in the Field —	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,680	"Who played the part of Private Ryan in the 1998 film, ""Saving Private Ryan""?"	Saving Private Ryan (1998) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON TV ON DISC ALL Following the Normandy Landings, a group of U.S. soldiers go behind enemy lines to retrieve a paratrooper whose brothers have been killed in action. Director: a list of 46 titles created 07 Jun 2012 a list of 38 titles created 09 Sep 2013 a list of 36 titles created 24 Dec 2013 a list of 29 titles created 18 Jul 2014 a list of 33 titles created 9 months ago Title: Saving Private Ryan (1998) 8.6/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 5 Oscars. Another 74 wins & 74 nominations. See more awards » Videos The lives of guards on Death Row are affected by one of their charges: a black man accused of child murder and rape, yet who has a mysterious gift. Director: Frank Darabont Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. Director: Robert Zemeckis When a Roman general is betrayed and his family murdered by an emperor's corrupt son, he comes to Rome as a gladiator to seek revenge. Director: Ridley Scott A computer hacker learns from mysterious rebels about the true nature of his reality and his role in the war against its controllers. Directors: Lana Wachowski, Lilly Wachowski Stars: Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. Director: David Fincher When his secret bride is executed for assaulting an English soldier who tried to rape her, William Wallace begins a revolt against King Edward I of England. Director: Mel Gibson In German-occupied Poland during World War II, Oskar Schindler gradually becomes concerned for his Jewish workforce after witnessing their persecution by the Nazi Germans. Director: Steven Spielberg The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. Director: Quentin Tarantino A young F.B.I. cadet must confide in an incarcerated and manipulative killer to receive his help on catching another serial killer who skins his victims. Director: Jonathan Demme Two imprisoned men bond over a number of years, finding solace and eventual redemption through acts of common decency. Director: Frank Darabont Gandalf and Aragorn lead the World of Men against Sauron's army to draw his gaze from Frodo and Sam as they approach Mount Doom with the One Ring. Director: Peter Jackson An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. Director: David Fincher Edit Storyline Opening with the Allied invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944, members of the 2nd Ranger Battalion under Cpt. Miller fight ashore to secure a beachhead. Amidst the fighting, two brothers are killed in action. Earlier in New Guinea, a third brother is KIA. Their mother, Mrs. Ryan, is to receive all three of the grave telegrams on the same day. The United States Army Chief of Staff, George C. Marshall, is given an opportunity to alleviate some of her grief when he learns of a fourth brother, Private James Ryan, and decides to send out 8 men (Cpt. Miller and select members from 2nd Rangers) to find him and bring him back home to his mother... Written by J.Zelman The mission is a man. See more » Genres: Motion Picture Rating ( MPAA ) Rated R for intense prolonged realistically graphic sequences of war violence, and for language \| See all certifications » Parents Guide: 24 July 1998 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Rescatando al soldado Ryan See more » Filming Locations: $30,576,104	1968 Academy Awards® Winners and History Romeo and Juliet (1968, UK/It.) Actor: CLIFF ROBERTSON in "Charly", Alan Arkin in "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter", Alan Bates in "The Fixer", Ron Moody in "Oliver!", Peter O'Toole in "The Lion in Winter" Actress: KATHARINE HEPBURN in "The Lion in Winter" and BARBRA STREISAND in "Funny Girl" (tie), Patricia Neal in "The Subject Was Roses", Vanessa Redgrave in "Isadora", Joanne Woodward in "Rachel, Rachel" Supporting Actor: JACK ALBERTSON in "The Subject Was Roses", Seymour Cassel in "Faces", Daniel Massey in "Star!", Jack Wild in "Oliver!", Gene Wilder in "The Producers" Supporting Actress: RUTH GORDON in "Rosemary's Baby" , Lynn Carlin in "Faces", Sondra Locke in "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter", Kay Medford in "Funny Girl", Estelle Parsons in "Rachel, Rachel" Director: SIR CAROL REED for "Oliver!", Anthony Harvey for "The Lion in Winter", Stanley Kubrick for "2001: A Space Odyssey" , Gillo Pontecorvo for "The Battle of Algiers", Franco Zeffirelli for "Romeo and Juliet" This year was the first in which the telecast on television was beamed worldwide - to 37 nations. (By the mid-1990s, the show would be telecast to over 100 countries.) It was also an astonishing year when Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist was made into a big-budget musical film version, Oliver! by director Sir Carol Reed and the bloated musical won the Best Picture award without winning any other acting awards. The two front-runners for the Best Picture award, The Lion in Winter and Funny Girl, apparently canceled each other out, and handed the top award to the major upset winner Oliver! It held two other distinctions: the first film with an MPAA rating to win Best Picture to date, the first - and only - G-rated film to win Best Picture (although some pre-1968 Best Picture winners were rated G when re-released to theaters after 1968) The American-financed British film was about an innocent, nine year-old hungry, runaway orphan in 19th century London who must join a gang of young lowlife pickpockets. From its eleven nominations, the film won only five awards (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Musical Score, Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, and Best Sound) and a sixth Honorary Technical Award for Onna White's choreography. The two musicals, Oliver! and Funny Girl (a superior musical), garnered 19 nominations between them. [The Academy had also previously honored only one other musical film with this kind of award - Jerome Robbins for West Side Story (1961) . This was the last Best Picture win for a musical until 34 years later, when Rob Marshall's Chicago (2002) won the top prize.] Its competition consisted of three costume films with period sets: another musical genre competitor, William Wyler's musical debut of the rising career of comedian Fanny Brice to the Ziegfeld Follies, Funny Girl (with eight nominations and one win - Best Actress (tie)), featuring Barbra Streisand in her film debut - director Franco Zeffirelli's superb version of Romeo and Juliet (1968) (with four nominations and two well-deserved awards for Cinematography and Best Costume Design) featuring two young teenaged newcomers - un-nominated Olivia Hussey and Leonard Whiting in the roles of the star-crossed lovers director Anthony Harvey's serious historical film from James Goldman's Broadway play regarding aging medieval King Henry II and his estranged wife Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine on Christmas Day 1183 in England's Chinon Castle in The	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,681	Which country between the Andes mountain range and the Atlantic Ocean has borders with Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay?	South America Fly Fishing - Argentina Patagonia Fly Fishing - Argentina Fishing Lodges Travel Reports Argentina Flyfishing Lodges Argentina is the second largest country in South America (eighth largest country in the world by land area) and is divided into 23 federal provinces. Its continental area is a whopping 1,068,302 sq mi and stretches between the Andes mountain range in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east and south. Argentina borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Buenos Aires (often called the "Paris of South America") is the capital of Argentina, and is the country's largest city with a population of close to 13 million. Argentina is a land rich in culture, history, and adventure; strongly influenced by its mostly resettled European populous and has been a popular destination for sports since the turn of the 20th century. Patagonia is an imaginary band covering southern Chile and Argentina, roughly 400,000 square miles in size, with the Andes Mountains forming the border between the two countries. The trout fishing in Argentina takes place in the south, roughly from the Neuqu�n River just above (39�S) through Tierra del Fuego (55�S) latitude. And extending east of the Andes, Patagonia includes the provinces of Neuqu�n, R�o Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz, and Tierra del Fuego, as well as the southern tips of the provinces of Buenos Aires, Mendoza and La Pampa. For the most part trout fishing in Argentina Patagonia takes place in 5 distinct provinces (Neuqu�n, R�o Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz, and Tierra del Fuego. The Fly Shop® first opened the doors to Estancia Maria Behety Lodge and Estancia Despedida Lodge more than a decade ago. Since then they, along with La Villa de Estancia Maria Behety , have become the most popular and critically acclaimed and successful fly fishing destinations in all of Tierra del Fuego and perhaps the world. Collectively, The Fly Shop's travel staff has been fishing in Chile and Argentina for more than seventy years. We know the ropes, and can hook you up with the best Patagonia fishing. We led the charge into the great dyer valleys of southernmost Chile in the late 70's and helped establish what are currently the most famous outfitters and lodges in that part of the world. Then, more than a decode ago The Fly Shop® was instrumental in developing what are now the finest lodges on Tierra del Fuego's incomparable Rio Grande.	SOUTH AMERICA South America Demographic Analysis (FROM POPULATION DATA SHEET) Population Growth Brazil as a separate Region Countries Review Questions Physical Setting South America has a diverse topography that consists of plains in the south along with mountains in the west. The Andes Mountains run along the western coast from Venezuela to Argentina. The Amazon Basin dominates the north central area of South America while the Pampas are the plains located in the south. Much of the rest of the geography is characterized by plateau country. The Amazon River is the major river in the north with the Parana, flowing through Paraguay and Argentina, is the major waterway of the south. The climate of South America is similar to that of North America. The north is fairly moist due to its equatorial proximity. As one travels south away from the equator, the climate becomes drier. The Atacama Desert, the only desert within South America, is located in Chile in the southwest. In the mountainous regions of the west, it is colder at the higher elevations with approximately a three-degree drop in temperature for every thousand-foot increase in elevation. Development Through Time The Inca civilization was the first civilization to inhabit South America, and they were indigenous to Columbia and Peru. The Incas developed a very advanced and centralized society. This was shown through their domestication of the llama, religious architecture, and appreciation for the arts. The Incas numbered nearly 20 million during the peak of their civilization. However, as the Europeans began to arrive in South America, the Inca civilization began to decline quickly, particularly in the south. Some of the Incas' contributions are still being felt today. For example, the Inca language, Quechua, is still spoken by millions. There is still a large Indian population in the north, the Andes, and Brazil. The Spanish Conquest began in the 1500's and was very rapid. Shortly after 1521, the Aztecs were defeated. Francisco Pizarro, having first heard of the Incas in 1527, withdrew to Spain to organize the overthrow of the Incas. Four years later, Francisco returned to the Peruvian Coast. In 1533 the party achieved victory over Cuzco. Brazil was settled and given to the Portuguese through the Treaty of Tordesillas. Some of the Incas were killed through direct confrontation with the Europeans while most succumb to European diseases for which the Incas had no natural immunity. The fall of the Incas was abrupt. Perhaps the swiftness of their development contributed to its fatal weakness, but the empire was heading towards internal revolt within its society. The plantations of South America are generally located in the central north because of the favorable growing conditions found in this area. Sugar is the primary crop. One of the major plantation areas is located along the northeastern Brazilian coast. Others can also be found along the Atlantic and Caribbean coastlines of northern South America. Haciendas are located within the drier interior lands. Livestock grazing is a common occupation in this area because of the dry conditions. Pizarro founded Lima, the west coast headquarters for the Spanish conquerors, in 1535. Naturally, the territories located the furthest from Lima were first to establish independence from Spain through the leadership of Simon Bolivar. In 1824, Spanish rule in South America came to an end. However, since gaining independence from Spain, South American countries have undergone many unsuccessful military dictatorships. For example, Bolivia has had 30 separate governments since the 1960's. Chile was communist up until 1973 when the communist government was overthrown by the military. In the early 1990's, Chile held its first elections in the country's history. Political problems have been a critical issue facing most part of the continent.ï¿½ Many times, it is due to ineffective leaders, different type of governments wanting to take control, the people, the lack of effective authority, and more.ï¿½ Colombia for example, experienced an olig	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,682	Linford Christie won a gold medal representing Great Britain in the 100 metres at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, but what country was he born in?	Linford Christie wins 100m Gold - Barcelona 1992 Olympics - YouTube Linford Christie wins 100m Gold - Barcelona 1992 Olympics Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Oct 31, 2011 Click here for all Olympic highlights and let the Games never end: http://go.olympic.org/watch?p=yt&teas... Linford Christie was born in Saint Andrew, Jamaica and brought up by his grandmother until the age of seven when he followed his parents in emigrating to England. Coming out of the Barcelona 100m final starting blocks at the age of 32, Christie pulled away from a 'who's who' of famous sprinting names to claim his first Olympic title in a time of 9.96. Category	BBC Sports Personality of the Year: 60 years of Welsh competition - BBC News BBC News BBC Sports Personality of the Year: 60 years of Welsh competition 14 December 2013 Read more about sharing. Close share panel As the BBC Sports Personality of the Year award celebrates its 60th show, take a look at all the winners and runners up of the award from Wales. 1957: Dai Rees (1913 - 1983) from Fontegary, Vale of Glamorgan remains the oldest recipient of the award winning Sports Review of the Year at the age of 44. He captained the Great Britain Ryder Cup team that year, defeating the United States for the first time since 1933. 1960: Show jumper David Broome was named Sportsview Personality of the Year after winning Olympic bronze on Sunsalve in Rome. It would be a long wait before there was to be another Welsh winner of the award. 1971: Barry John was third-placed behind winner HRH Princess Anne and George Best. Seen here playing against the All-Blacks at Auckland in August that year, he broke the record for points kicked for the British Lions. 1972: The following year Chepstow's Richard Meade placed third in the competition and also won BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year. He won individual gold and was a member of Britain's gold medal winning team in the three-day event at that year's Summer Olympics in Munich. 1987: Ian Woosnam, seen here playing out of the woods during the Woosnam v Lyle Final at the Wentworth Golf Club, was first in the Order of Merit and placed third in the Sports Personality awards behind winner Fatima Whitbread and Steve Davis. 1994 and 1997: Colin Jackson twice came third in the awards. In 1994 he won 110m hurdle gold at the Commonwealth Games representing Wales and set a world record for the 60m hurdles. He took silver in both the indoor and outdoor 1997 World Championships. 1998: Iwan Thomas won gold in the 400m at both the Commonwealth Games and European Championships and came third in the awards behind winner Michael Owen and runner up Denise Lewis. 2000: Tanni Grey-Thompson winning the gold medal in the women's 200m T53 final at the Paralympics Summer Games in Sydney. She came third behind Steve Redgrave and Denise Lewis and also won the BBC Wales Sports Personality award. 2007: Joe Calzaghe floors Mikkel Kessler during the super-middleweight title unification fight at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff to win by unanimous decision. He went on to win the BBC Sports Personality of the Year, becoming the first Welsh winner for 47 years. 2009: Ryan Giggs won the PFA Player of the Year award, made his 800th appearance for Manchester United, scored his 100th Premier League goal and was awarded BBC Sports Personality of the Year.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,683	What chemical element has the symbol S?	Symbols for Elements Symbols for Elements Some symbols should make sense to you immediately--such as C for carbon, O for oxygen and S for sulfur. This is because the English name is very similar to the Latin name for these elements. Some of the others should be quite baffling--such as Na for sodium, K for potassium, Fe for iron, Au for gold, and Ag for silver. This is because the English and Latin names for these elements are quite different. C S Fe Some of the elements have a single letter for a symbol. These are generally the very common ones such as oxygen, or carbon, or they might be the only elements that start with that particular letter. O C Most of the elements have double letter symbols, and you have to make sure that you use an upper case for the first letter and a lower case for the second letter. That second letter is usually the first non-common letter between elements that have names starting with the same letter. For example, chromium and chlorine both start with "C" and so does the symbol. They both have "h" for the second letter but the third letter is different--it's "l" for chlorine, "r" for chromium--and thus the symbols for those two elements are Cl for chlorine and Cr for chromium. Cl Cr Over the years chemists not only named and symbolized the elements, they also discovered new ones and made a great many observations and measurements of the elements. They observed similarities and patterns among the pure elements which cried out for someone to arrange them in some sort of organizational scheme. This was done and the result, after a number of modifications, is the modern periodic table of the elements. (Note: a few of the symbols may change as scientists reach agreement on the most recent elements.) We will have much more to say about it and its strange structure later in the course. You will find that it has a lot to do with the ways that elements combine with one another to form compounds. H	Nexus Research Group - How the elements were named Named after Strontian, a small village in the Western Highlands of Scotland. 2. Elements named after Heavenly Bodies Helium He From the Greek word "Helios" - the Sun. In 1868 during an eclipse of the Sun, Scientists observed a spectral line caused by an unknown element. They named the element Helium. Twenty seven years later in 1895, the element was discovered on Earth. Neptunium Np Named after the planet Neptune. Find the position of the three planets Neptune, Pluto and Uranus in the Solar system. Now find the position in the Periodic Table of the three elements named after these planets... Plutonium Named after the planet Pluto Uranium U Named after the planet Uranus. The element was discovered in 1789, shortly after the discovery of the planet. 3. Elements named from Mythology Tantalum Ta Named after the Greek mythological king, Tantalus. It was discovered in 1802 and great difficulties were encountered in dissolving its oxide in acid to form salts. It proved to be a tantalising problem! Niobium Nb Named after Princess Niobe, the daughter of King Tantalus. According to legend, father and daughter were always found together and were very much alike. The two elements Niobium and Tantalum are usually found together in nature and their properties are very similar. Niobium was discovered in North America in 1801 and was originally named Columbium. It was renamed in 1844 after the connections with tantalum was realised. Find the positions of both elements in the periodic table Thorium Th Named after Thor, the Scandinavian God of War and Thunder. It was discovered and named in 1828. Coincidentally, thorium is used today as a nuclear fuel in nuclear weapons and reactors. Titanium Ti Named after Titans, the Greek supermen. Titanium is an extremely strong metal which resists attack by acids. Vanadium Named after Vandis, the Scandinavian Goddess of Beauty. The salts of vanadium have beautiful colours. 4. Names that describe their Properties Argon Ar From the Greek word "argos" which means idle or lazy. Argon is one of the laziest, least reactive elements of all. Bromine From the Greek word "chloros" which means green. Chlorine is a green gas. Cobalt Co From the German word "kobold" which means goblin or evil spirit. Miners working in the cobalt mines sometimes died unexpectedly. For this reason the miners thought that the mines contained evil spirits. The real reason for these unexpected deaths was that cobalt ores usually contained highly poisonous arsenic. Dust from the ore probably got on their food or was breathed in, causing sudden deaths. Hydrogen H From the Greek words "hydro" a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,684	From which musical does the song 'If My Friends Could See Me Now' come?	Sweet Charity: If they could see me now full version - YouTube Sweet Charity: If they could see me now full version Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Sep 4, 2011 My favorite part of the whole entire film. I love Shirley MacLaine so much. Category	Ian Matthews Bio \| Ian Matthews Career \| MTV Get the MTV ArtistsApp and discover music wherever you are. About Ian Matthews Blues/Folk During his stylistically diverse and often convoluted career, Iain Matthews (born Ian Matthews MacDonald, he changed his last name in 1968 and then the spelling of his first name in 1989 to reflect his Celtic roots) has seen commercial success, major-label deals, and numerous bands come and go, and then come and go again, while always bouncing back in one way or another. After time spent with a couple of local bands (the Classics and the Rebels) in his hometown of Scunthorpe, he moved to London where he began his recording career in 1966 with the surf group Pyramid. The band recorded one single for Deram Records, but never really went any further and Matthews (then still known as Ian MacDonald) left after he was brought to the attention of Ashley Hutchings, who happened to be looking for a male singer for his new band Fairport Convention. He remained with Fairport for two albums, including the folk-rock classic What We Did on Our Holidays, before leaving during the recording of 1969's Unhalfbricking (his backing vocal can be heard on "Percy's Song") due to creative differences. By the time of his second and last record with the band, he became known as Ian Matthews, changing his name to avoid confusion with King Crimson's Ian MacDonald. Matthews soon signed with MCA Records for his first solo effort, Matthews Southern Comfort (1970), which featured former Fairport bandmates Richard Thompson and Simon Nicol. He eventually formed a band of the same name, recording two albums for MCA and scoring a number one U.K. hit with their version of Joni Mitchell's "Woodstock." In November of 1970, at the height of the band's popularity, Matthews left, abruptly walking off-stage during a show in Oxford. Shortly thereafter, a deal with Mercury Records subsidiary Vertigo resulted in two of his best albums, If You Saw Thro' My Eyes (January 1971) and Tigers Will Survive (November 1971). Artistically restless, Matthews formed another band, Plainsong, with Dave Richards, Andy Roberts, and Bob Ronga. Both Roberts and Ronga had appeared on Tigers Will Survive. A contractual obligation with Vertigo for one more record led to the recording of Journeys from Gospel Oak. The finished product, which was completed in just five days, remained in the can until 1974, after being sold to Mooncrest Records. Free from his contract with Vertigo, Matthews and his new band recorded the loosely conceptual In Search of Amelia Earhart in 1972 for Elektra Records, before disbanding when the label refused to release the follow-up. Matthews then relocated to California, recording two more albums for Elektra, the Michael Nesmith-produced Valley Hi (November 1973) and Some Days You Eat the Bear and Some Days the Bear Eats You (July 1974). While both received their fair share of critical praise, neither did all that well commercially, and he was dropped from the label. Following a brief stint with Columbia, which yielded what may be his two weakest records (Go for Broke [1975] and Hit and Run [1976]), he reunited with Sandy Roberton, who had produced both Journeys from Gospel Oak and In Search of Amelia Earhart, for his next venture, 1978's Stealin' Home. Produced by Roberton on his own Rockburgh label, Stealin' Home surprisingly spawned Matthews' biggest U.S. hit, the Terence Boylan penned "Shake It" (number 13). Subsequent LPs failed to match the success of Stealin' Home and when Rockburgh went bankrupt, he was once again without a label. From the mid-'70s on into the '80s, Matthews dabbled in a number of different styles, from jazz-inflected pop to new wave, with varied results. Living in Seattle (he moved there in the late '70s), led to the formation of yet another band, Hi-Fi, who released two records to relative public indifference before splitting up. Once again solo, Matthews returned with the techno-pop Shook (1984), which was released only in Germany following PolyGram's decision to not market the album in Britain or	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,685	Winston Churchill’s tribute ‘Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few’, was paid to which of the UK’s armed forces?	Cover Story - Churchill, the RAF and Naval Cover Story - Churchill, the RAF and Naval Finest Hour Cover Story - Churchill, the RAF and Naval Finest Hour 127, Summer 2005 Page 22 By Robert A. Courts CHURCHILL’S VIEW on interchangeability of service equipment is still something that Western air forces are implementing today....The RAF and USAF seek to achieve as great a spread of mission roles as possible by using the same aircraft types. "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed, by so many, to so few,”1 Winston Churchill exclaimed in his famous tribute to Fighter Command. The phrase came to him as he was driving home in silence after witnessing, at Uxbridge,2 the high drama of the Luftwaffe’s massive attack on southern England in August 1940. “Do not speak to me. I have never been so moved,” was Churchill’s first comment on getting into the car, and, as he reflected on the bravery of the young men who fought and wheeled and died above his head, he realised quite how much Britain, and the free world, owed to them. With the benefit of hindsight, it is interesting to consider how how much the Royal Air Force owed to Winston Churchill, without whose patronage the service would have had a much harder job in surviving, and whose world-famous legend would certainly not be as great as it is now. For when, as Secretary of State for War and Air in the early Twenties, Winston Churchill was speaking of “strangling Bolshevism in its cradle,” senior figures in the Army and Navy were thinking the same unfriendly thoughts towards the nascent RAF, then only a few years old.3 Churchill’s support of military aviation goes back over ten years before even that point. When at the Board of Trade, and a member of the Committee for Imperial Defence in 1909, he intervened in one of the first debates about aviation to say that the problem was a “most important one, and we should place ourselves in communication with Mr. Wright [Orville] and avail ourselves of his knowledge.”4 When he arrived at the Admiralty in 1911, this interest continued. With his usual unquenchable relish for new technology and ideas, he used his tenure to set up and foster the Royal Naval Air Service: a project that took him three attempts in the face of determined opposition from the Treasury. Churchill’s doggedness was rewarded. In the run-up to the First World War, the Royal Flying Corps claimed entire responsibility for aerial home defence. As Churchill explained in The World Crisis: “When asked how they proposed to discharge their duty, they admitted sorrowfully that they had not got the machines and could not get the money.”5 Thus arrived the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), which Churchill set up using his Admiralty budget to undertake the vital task of protecting Britain from air attack, especially the Navy’s vital dockyards and oil refineries. The RFC’s airplanes, meanwhile, were almost exclusively allocated to reconnaissance tasks for the British Expeditionary Force. In the light of Churchill’s determination that the new weapon of the air should be an aggressive one, it is not surprising that Sir Martin Gilbert, his official biographer, found that “the Naval Wing paid more attention than was paid by the Military Wing to the use of the aeroplane as a fighting machine.”6 Clearly Churchill must gain some of the credit for fostering the use of the aircraft in such a way that it was to become the dominant weapon in modern warfare. Churchill’s involvement in the formation of the RNAS was deep and sincere. With his usual attention to detail, he wrote a number of minutes, dealing with everything from aircraft design to the buildings on Naval Air Stations. He even turned his attention to the effect of the word “canteen” on “strict Scottish bosoms”!7 Opinions differ on whether Churchill’s tendency to micro-manage was a help or a hindrance, but it seems likely that his interest in his brainchild was apt to keep the department in charge “on their toes.”8 In any case, as Randolph Churchill claims in the official biography, “the First Lord’s attention to detail scarce	Army top brass had doubts over Lt Col 'H' Jones's Falklands VC - Telegraph Army top brass had doubts over Lt Col 'H' Jones's Falklands VC Lt Col Herbert Jones By Ben Fenton 12:01AM BST 28 Mar 2005 The best-known Victoria Cross award of the post-war era was surrounded by controversy from the earliest days and questioned at the highest levels of the military, newly-released documents have revealed. Lt Col Herbert Jones, universally known simply as 'H', was awarded the VC for charging Argentine positions defending the settlement of Goose Green during the first land battle of the Falklands conflict. He died in the act, but his men, the 2nd Bn Parachute Regiment (2 Para), went on to take all of their objectives against heavy odds. Some time later, authors and historians began to report doubts about the award, suggesting that his actions were ill-judged and rash, much to the anger of his friends and many former comrades. Related Articles Rallying charge was 'devastating display of courage' 28 Mar 2005 But files show that even by the time the first recommendations for medals were received in London, less than six weeks after the final recapture of the Falklands, these doubts were already circulating. The VC is awarded only on the recommendation to the Queen by the Prime Minister and the Defence Secretary and they act only on the recommendation of the VC committee for the relevant service. This committee is made up of three senior officers and the deputy permanent secretary of the Ministry of Defence. In turn, they act on the recommendations made through the chain of command, when senior officers can offer various levels of support for an award, from simply recommending them to strongly, or very strongly recommending them. The new papers show that Lt Col Jones's citation was "very strongly recommended" by the overall commander of Land Forces for the campaign. But his superior, the Task Force commander Adml Sir John Fieldhouse, had given it "only" a recommendation. The files also show that the committees considered awarding him a posthumous Military Cross instead. Papers composed by or for Lt Gen Sir Roland Guy, the Military Secretary of the Army and secretary to the VC committee, give an insight into why this may have happened. Sir Roland wrote to his colleagues about Lt Col Jones on July 24, 1982: "It can be argued that [his] action was reckless and that at a critical moment in the attack he needlessly risked his life and showed a lack of judgment rather than conspicuous bravery. "It is clear from the citation, however, that his action, which epitomises the determination, drive and offensive spirit which exemplified his leadership of the Battalion, was committed at what was the critical and pivotal moment of the battle; that its effect upon the enemy and his own battalion was decisive and that such action was necessary at that moment to break the stalemate which had already lasted an hour or more." Sir Roland did not include in his recommendation the remarks of his deputy, who had written: "The fact is that Jones's single-minded determination to get on, to close with and destroy the enemy so inspired his own battalion that they went to achieve a feat of arms which defied all accepted military theory. "It set the tenor for subsequent British land operations and gave the enemy a marked sense of inferiority in combat. There is no doubt that his VC, if approved, will also, inseparably, be 2 Para's VC." A similar approach had already been taken by a tri-service committee set up specially by the MoD "to adjudicate on overall standards [inserted] & to monitor the number of awards by grades to each service" arising from the conflict. They wrote of Lt Col Jones: "His was considered to be the key action at a moment of stalemate which probably unlatched the gate to further momentum and ultimate success. "There could be a view that his action was hot-headed and ill-judged but this did not detract from the conspicuous bravery he showed." Maj Gen [then Brig] Julian Thompson, his commanding officer, said: "In my opinion, a commanding officer	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,686	"What type of ray fish can have a ""wingspan"" of up to 7 meters?"	Mantas at a Glance \| Manta Trust Mantas at a Glance Mantas at a Glance Chain feeding reef manta rays at Hanifaru Bay MPA in the Maldives. The word ‘Manta’ comes from the Spanish for cloak or shawl and in the Maldivian language mantas are known as En Madi, which in English means ‘small fish eating ray’. Both of these terms are very descriptive of the manta rays, but what do we really know and just as importantly what do we still have to learn about these giant fish? The world’s largest fish, the whale shark, is a relative of the manta ray which also feeds on plankton. How many kinds of manta are there? Manta rays belong to the taxonomic family Mobulidae. This family contains eleven species of plankton eating rays. Within this family there are two genera, Mobula and Manta and more specifically within the genus manta there are two species, Manta birostris (the giant oceanic manta) and Manta alfredi (the resident reef manta). These two species have much in common, but a few important differences in life history exist between the two. These are important to note as they have very different implications for the management and conservation of these species. Whilst the main focus of the work of the Manta Trust is the two known manta species we are also trying to improve knowledge and understanding of the nine species of mobula. Want to know more? What kind of animal are they? Manta rays are cartilaginous elasmobranch fishes. This means they are a close relative of all sharks and rays. The fact that they are fish means they don’t breathe air, but instead they use their gills to respire underwater. Mantas must keep moving in order to keep water flowing over their gills, which means they can never stop to sleep or rest on the seabed! Want to know more? This famous photo shows a model of an oceanic manta ray that was caught off the coast of New Jersey in 1933. Although the animal here is a model, it is true to the real manta’s size – it measured six metres from wing-tip-to-tip and weighed over 5,000 pounds. How large do they grow? Oceanic mantas (M.birostris) are the bigger of the two manta species; reaching a wing span (that’s wing tip to wing tip) of up to 7 metres (23ft)! A large oceanic manta might weigh in at up to 2 tonnes (4,440 lbs), making them a real ocean giant! Although smaller than the oceanic mantas, the reef mantas (M.alfredi) are still pretty big fishes, growing to an average wing span of 3-3.5 metres (9-11.5ft) and a possible maximum of 4.5 metres (15ft), reaching weights of up to 1.4 tonnes (3,100 lbs). In both species the wing span is roughly 2.2 times the length of the body. Want to know more? How long do they live? Research would indicate that mantas probably live to at least 50 and possibly up to 100 years. However, until scientists have been studying these animals for another 20 years we are unlikely be able to answer this question more accurately. Ping-Pong (M12), is a Maldivian reef manta who was first photographed by divers in 1989 when she was already fully grown and sexually mature. Ping-Pong is still seen now at the same site almost every year! It’s thought that mantas are 15-20 years old when they reach sexual maturity, which would make Ping-Pong at least 40 years old! The reef manta feeds on plankton rich water at the surface during a storm in the Maldives. Where are they found? Mantas are found all around the world; however some important differences in range and habitat exist between the oceanic mantas and their smaller reef manta counterparts. Both species live pelagic lives in the open ocean, visiting reefs to feed and be cleaned. However, oceanic mantas have the wider geographic range of the two species occurring in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate waters. This species is more migratory in its nature, commonly sighted along productive coastlines with regular upwellings, oceanic island groups and offshore pinnacles and seamounts. Reports of this species range from to 31ºN (South Carolina, USA) and 36ºS (North Island, New Zealand). The resident reef mantas are more commonly sighted inshore aro	#question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in - Pastebin.com raw get clone embed report print text 2.69 KB #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?#answer=Uranus #question=What is the name of the ship in the novel ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis Stevenson?#answer=Hispaniola #question=Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?#answer=Australia #question=The Khyber Pass is approximately how many miles long?#answer=33 Miles #question=The singer Mary O’Brien was better known by what name?#answer=Dusty Springfield #question=In British currency slang, how much is a ‘lady’ worth?#answer=Five pounds #question=On an Ordnance Survey map, what does Ry stand for?#answer=Railway #question=How long is a dog watch at sea?#answer=Two hours #question=Which US city displays a large sign declaring it ‘The Biggest Little City in the World’?#answer=Reno #question=PADI is the training course to qualify as an instructor in what?#answer=Scuba diving #question=Which English town had the Roman name Dubris?#answer=Dover #question=What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?#answer=4.25 #question=What role did actor Sean Bean play in the film ‘Goldeneye’?#answer=Alec Trevelyan #question=‘Pro pace et fraternitate gentium’ is the inscription on which medal?#answer=Nobel Peace Prize Medal #question=The city of Hollywood, Broward County, is in which US state?#answer=Florida #question=Hermit, Spider and Blue are all types of which creature?#answer=Crab #question=Ernest Vincent Wright wrote the 1939 novel ‘Gadsby’, containing over 50,000 words, leaving out which letter of the alphabet?#answer=;The letter ‘E’;e;letter e; #question=How many finger holes does a penny whistle have?#answer=Six #question=What is the collective name for a group of toads?#answer=Knot #question=What is the only English word, and its derivatives, to end in ‘mt’?#answer=Dreamt #question=In the UK, in which year was the voting age lowered from 30 to 21 for women?#answer=1928 #question=What is the most times a piece of paper can be folded in half?#answer=Seven #question=Ablutophilia is the sexual arousal from what?#answer=Water #question=How many goals did footballer Gary Lineker score for England?#answer=48 #question=What was the middle name of actor Laurence Olivier?#answer=Kerr #question=The ship ‘Cutty Sark’ was built in which Scottish dockyard town?#answer=Dumbarton #question=Who composed the romantic opera ‘Lohengrin’?#answer=Richard Wagner #question=What are the Secret Service names for Barack and Michelle Obama?#answer=Renegade and Renaissance #question=Lotus Air airlines is based in which African country?#answer=Egypt #question=Texas Hold ‘Em is a variation of which card game?#answer=Poker RAW Paste Data #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?#answer=Uranus #question=What is the name of the ship in the novel ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis Stevenson?#answer=Hispaniola #question=Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?#answer=Australia #question=The Khyber Pass is approximately how many miles long?#answer=33 Miles #question=The singer Mary O’Brien was better known by what name?#answer=Dusty Springfield #question=In British currency slang, how much is a ‘lady’ worth?#answer=Five pounds #question=On an Ordnance Survey map, what does Ry stand for?#answer=Railway #question=How long is a dog watch at sea?#answer=Two hours #question=Which US city displays a large sign declaring it ‘The Biggest Little City in the World’?#answer=Reno #question=PADI is the training course to qualify as an instructor in what?#answer=Scuba diving #question=Which English town had the Roman name Dubris?#answer=Dover #question=What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?#answer=4.25 #question=What role did actor Sean Bean play in the film ‘Goldeneye’?#answer=Alec Trevelyan #question=‘Pro pace et fraternitate gentium’ is the inscription on which medal?#answer=Nobel	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,687	Which American is famous for her photographs of John Lennon and Yoko Ono taken the day of Lennon's death, Demi Moore nude when 7 months pregnant, and, later, nude with a suit painted on her body?	Naked album photos of John Lennon and Yoko Ono to be auctioned \| Daily Mail Online comments Two rare vintage photographs of John Lennon and Yoko Ono posing naked have emerged for sale. The images were used on the couple's 1968 album 'Unfinished Music No 1: Two Virgins', and were taken by them on a self-timer. The photos are wider than the one used on the LP cover and show more clutter around the couple's feet. Original: This vintage photo of John Lennon and Yoko Ono posing for their 1968 album Unfinished Music No 1: Two Virgins is due to go under the hammer at auction They have been put up for sale by a private owner who found them in the loft at the home of his late mother. He was stunned by the discovery and has no idea how she acquired them. The LP showed the pair nude on the front and the reverse had them naked from behind. Both original front and back images are going under the hammer at Duke's auctioneers in Dorchester, Dorset, and they have been given a pre-sale estimate of £700. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share It was a controversial album cover and many record shops refused to stock it. Where it was sold it was handed over in a brown paper bag. The album was the result of an all-night session of musical experimentation in Lennon's home studio. The photographs were taken at Ringo Starr's basement apartment at Montagu Square, London, where Lennon and Ono stayed later that year. Bare cheek of it: The 1968 album the pictures were used in was highly controversial and many shops refused to stock it. The pictures were taken on a self-timer Matthew Denney, from Duke's, said: 'No-one knows how the photographs emerged in Dorset. 'The vendor found them in his mother's attic after she died and he has no idea how she came by them. 'These are wider shots than the ones produced on the album cover and Beatles experts we have spoken to are very interested in them. 'These are vintage photographs and there are already been quite a bit of interest in them.' During the uproar about the album cover, Lennon said that is was not to do with the nudity itself, but because the pair looked so unattractive. Indeed, he later described it as a picture of 'two slightly overweight ex-junkies'. The auction is on Thursday. Famous: This Rolling Stone Magazine cover from January 22 1981 which shows John Lennon naked with Yoko Ono was voted the number one cover from the last 40 years in 2005. The photo was taken by photographer Annie Liebovitz in December 1980 on the last day of Lennon's life	Booze, broads & Bond: Roger Moore’s memoir \| New York Post Booze, broads & Bond: Roger Moore’s memoir Moore brought a suave air of unflappability to the role of 007, here in 1983’s “Octopussy.” Courtesy Everett Collection MORE FROM: Broadway gathers to honor Edward Albee Whenever Roger Moore, who will be 87 on Tuesday, gets depressed thinking about all his movie friends who have gone to “that great cutting room in the sky,” he recalls a story another friend up in the cutting room, actor Geoffrey Keen, once told him. Keen, as James Bond fans know, played Sir Frederick Gray, Minister of Defence, in five 007 movies that made Moore an international superstar in the ’70s and ’80s — “The Spy Who Loved Me,” “Moonraker,” “For Your Eyes Only,” “Octopussy” and “A View To a Kill.” Keen was home, sitting at his writing desk, when his plumber popped into the study. A bunch of English actors from the 1920s and ’30s, including Laurence Olivier, had just died, one right after the other. The plumber eyed Keen and said, “You’re an actor, aren’t you, sir?” “Indeed I am,” Keen replied. “Well, you lot are dropping like f - - kin’ flies!” “I feel a bit like that,” Moore told me over the phone the other day. “Someone’s always asking me to do a eulogy. As Albert Finney, a very funny man, once said to me after he’d done two or three actor memorials, ‘You’d better get your name down. I’m getting booked up.’ ” In a new memoir, Moore dishes on dinner with Jack Daniel’s, Easter Sundays with Sinatra and giving up martinis for good. Moore has a new memoir, “One Lucky Bastard: Tales From Tinseltown,” out Oct. 21 — a follow-up to his popular 2008 book, “My Word Is My Bond.” As you would expect from an actor who’s never taken himself too seriously, “One Lucky Bastard” is charming and breezy, full of anecdotes, self-deprecating observations and salutes to many great actors who are no longer with us. I caught up with him over the phone from his hotel in London, where he was on a book tour. He divides his time, with his fourth wife, Kristina, between Switzerland and Monaco. I’ve been a Roger Moore fan since 1979, when, as a kid, I went to my local movie theater in upstate New York and saw “Moonraker.” It was Bond going into outer space, attempting to capitalize on the “Star Wars” craze. There were plenty of special effects. But not a single one of them upstaged Sir Roger, as Queen Elizabeth II calls him. Sir Rog just carried on, raising the occasional eyebrow at all the intergalactic explosions going off around him. I loved every minute of it. Years later, I was asked to speak at a tribute to Moore at the Players Club. Just before my little speech, Moore introduced himself to me and said, “Say whatever you want to about my acting. It won’t bother me.” What I said was this: “I grew up watching Roger Moore as James Bond. In college, I took a film class and we watched Cary Grant in ‘Notorious!’: He was suave, cool, elegant and so well-tailored. He was a Hollywood legend. But I must say, the first time I saw Cary Grant he reminded me of Roger Moore.” I think Sir Roger enjoyed my little speech because the next day we met for a drink at Sardi’s. As we were leaving the restaurant, Sir Rog passed a group of middle-aged women at the bar. “He’s still so handsome,” one of them said. “Thank you, ladies,” Moore said. They swooned. Roger Moore was forever surrounded by “Bond girls” when making franchise films including “For Your Eyes Only” (left, with Cassandra Harris), “The Man With the Golden Gun” (center, with Britt Ekland) and “Live and Let Die” (right, with Jane Seymour.Everett Collection On the sidewalk outside Sardi’s, a homeless man came up to him and did the James Bond theme: “Dum, di-di, dum, dum.” Sir Rog raised a finger and said, “I know the tune!” The other day, Moore was, as always, quick to make fun of himself. Of his acting, he said: “Most of the films I did were action-oriented. All I did was get out of the way of the explosions, with pleasant ladies passing by. I did, however, learn not to blink when the guns went off. “I suppose the best advice about a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,688	Which Thomas was executed alongside Guy Fawkes in November 1605?	Torture, trial and execution - UK Parliament Torture, trial and execution Commemoration of the Gunpowder Plot Torture, trial and execution The conspirators were interrogated for three months in the Tower of London. Evidence suggests that Fawkes, who had given his name as John Johnson, was tortured. The King sent an order to the Tower of London on 6 November 1605 authorising the use of torture on Fawkes, who had initially refused to divulge the names of his co-conspirators. The order is held by The National Archives. ‘If he will not other wayes confesse, the gentler tortours are to be the first usid unto him…God speed youre goode worke. James.’ Although it is not known whether any of the other main conspirators were tortured, it was authorised against some of the more minor figures involved. Fawkes' signature appears on a confession of 8 November. This confession did not name all his accomplices. The effect of torture upon Fawkes is evident from a more detailed confession on 9 November where his signature is barely legible. Francis Tresham died of natural causes in the Tower of London on 23 December 1605. The eight surviving conspirators were tried in Westminster Hall on 27 January 1606. All were condemned to death for treason. Four men - Sir Everard Digby, Robert Winter, John Grant and Thomas Bates - were executed on 30 January 1606 in St Paul's Churchyard. The other four - Guy Fawkes, Thomas Winter, Ambrose Rookwood and Robert Keyes - were executed just outside Westminster Hall, in Old Palace Yard, the following day. The heads of the two ringleaders, Percy and Catesby, who had been killed earlier at Holbeach House in Staffordshire, were set up on the 'Parliament House'.	"Masterminds" - Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough, England), December 27, 2014 \| Online Research Library: Questia Read preview Article excerpt 1. Which actor starred as detective Magnum PI? 2. Which town in Cornwall has become famous for the number of artists who are based there because of its light? 3. Which Manx rider won five stages in the 2010 tour de France? 4. Which comedian created the characters Stavros, Tory Boy and Loadsamoney? 5. Which famous TV chef played football for Glasgow Rangers FC? 6. In the Thunderbirds TV series, which son piloted Thunderbird Two and dressed in yellow? 7. In the TV series Diagnoses Murder, who plays Dr Mark Sloan? 8. Where is the Royal Regatta held each year on the River Thames? 9. Who was the captain of the 2010 European Ryder cup team? 10. Who won 18 this year's Strictly Come Dancing final? 11. What was the name of her partner? 12. What is the capital city of Spain? 13. What is a Samoyed? 14. How many inches make a yard? 15. Which tree grows the tallest? 16. Where is Angel Falls? 17. What was once known as a love apple? 23 18. What is Cher's real name? 19. What was the name of Lou Reed's band? 20. Who invented the lightning conductor? 21. Where in England according to Bram Stoker did Dracula first set ashore? 22. Which TV detective had a secretary called Miss Lemon? 23. In which film does British rock star David Bowie star as a goblin king? 24. How was entertainer Nicolai Poliakoff better known? 25. True or False: the Kingdom of Bahrain is an island nation? … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details Newspapers Encyclopedia	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,689	What type of animal is fictional character Babar?	Babar \| fictional character \| Britannica.com fictional character Hardy Boys Babar, fictional character, a sartorially splendid elephant who is the hero of illustrated storybooks for young children by the French writer and illustrator Jean de Brunhoff (1899–1937) and his son Laurent. The first Babar book, L’Histoire de Babar, le petit éléphant (1931; The Story of Babar, the Little Elephant), describes how the young elephant runs away to town when his mother is shot by hunters; eventually he returns to the forest and is crowned king. Other books in the original series are Le Roi Babar (1933; Babar the King), ABC de Babar (1934; Babar’s ABC), Le Voyage de Babar (1932; The Travels of Babar), and Babar et le Père Noël (1941; Babar and Father Christmas), the last two published posthumously. Laurent de Brunhoff, who was 12 when his father died, continued the Babar series after his father’s death. Laurent de Brunhoff’s Babar books include Babar et ce coquin d’Arthur (1946; Babar and That Rascal Arthur) and Babar’s Celesteville Games (2011). The Babar books became the subject of controversy when Chilean writer Ariel Dorfman (in The Empire’s Old Clothes, 1983) and others decried what they saw as French colonialism as the central allegory of the series. Still other critics found the books sexist and elitist. Nevertheless, the Babar books have been translated into many languages, and their characters and charming drawings have remained popular throughout the world. 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Grace ï¿½ The Doctor Mark Greatbatch ï¿½ Paddy Clarrie Grimmett ï¿½ The Old Fox, Grum Subhash Gupte ï¿½ Fergie H Brad Haddin ï¿½ BJ, Harry, Guildo Richard Hadlee ï¿½ Paddles Andrew Hall ï¿½ Brosh, Merv, Hally Stephen Harmison ï¿½ Harmy (or Harmi), Tinker, GBH (Grievous Bodily Harmison) Chris Harris ï¿½ Harry, Lugs Ian Harvey ï¿½ Freak Nathan Hauritz ï¿½ Horry Matthew Hayden ï¿½ Haydos, Unit	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,690	What is the name of the blind beggar in the novel ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis Stevenson?	Treasure Island Characters \| GradeSaver Buy Study Guide Jim Hawkins The young (probably 13 or 14) Jim Hawkins is the narrator of the adventure that is told in Treasure Island. It is his feelings, perceptions, and emotional responses that the reader responds to and views the story through. Jim Hawkins is the typical young boy, who through no fault of his own, becomes involved in the ultimate adventure, especially for a boy of his age. Through this process, Jim transforms from someone who is merely an onlooker, to an active participant who determines his own fate by courageous, and often very risky, actions. Although it is not due to his bravery or any special skills, it is he and not the older, more experienced men on the journey who uncover the pirates plan for mutiny, find Ben Gunn and enlist him in their cause, and steal the Hispanolia and return it to the captain. Jim thinks on his feet and by the end of the book has matured into a capable, competent boy. It is in his triumph over Israel Hands on the Hispanolia that his physically maturation is complete, and likewise, his decision not to run away from Long John Silver when urged by Dr. Livesey that his moral maturation is complete. Jim returns home to write the story and is haunted by Long John Silver and his parrot in his dreams long after his return from Treasure Island. Mrs. Hawkins Jim's mother. The only female in the book makes her only brief appearance at the beginning of Treasure Island. Her character is most revealed in the actions that she takes in order to assure that she gets what is her due from Billy Bones treasure. By being able to go back and return to the inn in the face of grave danger, she sets an example that Jim follows later in the book. Billy Bones Billy Bones is the first pirate that Jim meets in the book - his appearance (ragged, scarred, ponytail, and a cut on his check) signals the end of tranquil at the inn. Despite his drinking (especially rum) and singing a song that is clearly a pirate tune, his seeking out the Admiral Benbow inn is a sign that he does not want to be captured. Although Billy Bones demonstrates this dubious behavior, Jim is not afraid of him and even enjoys the excitement that the seaman brings to the otherwise isolated island. In return, Billy Bones is kind to the young boy. Billy Bones is a precursor to one side of Long John Silver's personality, the kind, gentle, parental side that is present when he aligns with the "good" men. Although he is blustery, beneath it all he is good-hearted. Jim is genuinely sad when he passes away at the end of the first part of the book, from a stroke. Dr. Livesey From the moment that Dr. Livesey appears in Treasure Island, he is depicted as an arbitrator who is fair, intelligent, fearless, and well-organized. As he becomes involved in the treasure hunt, he also shows consideration and kindness to Jim, thus, becoming one of many surrogate parental figures to Jim in the course of the novel. Dr. Livesey is also a narrator of the novel (although only for a few chapters). These chapters are not nearly as colorful or as emotionally charged as the chapters that are narrated by the younger Jim. His descriptions further his characterizations as a scientist, who is most concerned with curing the sick (he repeatedly mentions the malaria present in the swamps). Dr. Livesy is also extremely concerned with fairness to all, as his concern about the pirates that they had to leave behind demonstrates. Black Dog A companion of Billy Bones, his arrival at the Admiral Benbow inn marks the beginning of violence at the inn and the notification to Bones that other pirates know of his whereabouts. Although he and Billy Bones are friendly, their meeting ends in a fight where Billy Bones is injured. Pew Pew is another character who arrives at the Admiral Benbow in order to try and ambush Billy Bones and find the treasure map. Pew is described vividly, at first as a blind old man who "rat-tap-tap" with his stick but, deceptively, also an evil, mean adversary who is willing to use physically prowess in order to cowe	What is the resolution in Treasure Island? \| eNotes What is the resolution in Treasure Island? bullgatortail \| High School Teacher \| (Level 1) Distinguished Educator Posted on November 29, 2011 at 10:57 AM The resolution of Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island comes in the final chapter (Chapter XXXIV - And Last). Keeping a close eye on the three surviving mutineers, the men took the better part of a week transporting the gold to the Hispaniola. Leaving the mutineers a cache of supplies, the ship set sail for "the nearest port in Spanish America." On the first night there, Long John Silver disappeared for good--with a bag of coins worth "three or four hundred guineas." Adding a few new crew members, the Hispaniola set sail for Bristol, and the men safely returned to England--wealthier and wiser men. Sources: poetrymfa \| College Teacher \| (Level 3) Educator Posted on July 24, 2016 at 5:54 PM The resolution can be found in Part VI (or "Captain Silver") of Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island. After the climactic discovery that the treasure cache is empty and that Gunn had moved the treasure to his cave, the men spend a few days loading the treasure onto the ship. Before sailing back home, they unload the last three mutinous sailors, leaving them behind with supplies and ammunition. In need of more crew members, the ship docks at a port, and Silver makes his escape with a bag of coins in tow. Regardless, the ship sails back to Bristol, where the men divide the treasure and resume their lives. Although Jim realizes that there is more wealth to be found on Treasure Island, he is firm that he is unwilling to go on another trip to find it; apparently, one swashbuckling adventure was quite enough! like 0 dislike 0	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,691	Which two-word name is given to INVICTA, the symbol of Kent ?	BBC - Kent - A giant white horse for Ebbsfleet 11:25 GMT, Thursday, 8 April 2010 12:25 UK A giant white horse for Ebbsfleet The proposed giant white horse, designed by Turner Prize winner Mark Wallinger, will stand on a hill near Ebbsfleet International station. The £2 million horse will measure up to 164ft in height, and will be the biggest public work of art in the UK. It will be more than twice the size of Antony Gormley's Angel Of The North in Gateshead, and roughly the same height as Nelson's Column. The sculpture will be visible from the A2 and from Eurostar trains. The Ebbsfleet project is the UK's biggest and most significant public art commission since Gormley's most famous work was unveiled in 1998, so it's no surprise it's been dubbed Angel Of The South ever since the idea was announced in 2007, although Gormley was never one of the shortlisted artists. The statue was commissioned to help symbolise regeneration around Ebbsfleet. As well as the station, around 10,000 new homes, offices and shops are planned for the area over the next 20 years. Kent County Council launched a campaign to persuade Wallinger to submit a rearing Invicta horse instead, to reflect the county's symbol, even though the council confirmed that they have no financial involvement with the project. The horse was given planning permission by Gravesham Borough Council on 14 April 2010. About the artist Mark Wallinger won the Turner prize in 2007 for State Britain, a recreation of the banners and paraphernalia of Brian Haw's Parliament Square protest against UK military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan. He is no stranger to Kent, and created a permanent piece of work on The Leas at Folkestone as part of the Triennial sculpture expo in 2008. What do you think of the statue? Is it a fitting symbol for the county? We the kent gypsys love it we have horses in north kent and the wite horse show importance and bravery and prosperty we love it Mark Butler, Gravesend This horse is such a missed opportunity. I have seen the wonderful inverted parabola at St Louis (USA) and also the elegant group of arches in the Victoria Gardens, Chatham. I think a parabola group could have made a wonderful "gateway" to England. Also they could have had wonderful internal lighting which could have been powered by constructing it with solar panels - even if there were no internal lift system like at St Louis. It would have been cheaper (I suspect) futuristic, dramatic and beautiful. The horse is just an outsize horse. Marylin , Gillingham, Kent I am going to have to drive past this monstrosity every day, there were many more pleasing ideas put forward but as usual the council has not taken the residents views into consideration. This ugly beast will become a source of ridicule and focus for local vandals before the project is even finished ! J Hunt, Swanscombe, Kent My views are quite simple: we in Kent DONT WANT THIS! If you must have something use the invicta horse but this looks like it comes from a toy farmyeard. It will do nothing to improve the area - just make it more tacky than it already is. AW, Kent, England With all the chalk that was dug out for the rail link couldn't we have the hill built up and a proper white horse (Invicta)carving instead? Think of the existing white horses etc already around the country that look so attractive. Grahame Denney, Dartford Kent As a native of this county, I have to say that the creation of the white horse will be a source of great embarrassment. There is only one white horse of Kent: Invicta, Rampant. If it technically impossible to create the horse in this way, then don't do it at all! Tom O'Connor, Tunbridge Wells Totally not surprised this eyesore will be allowed to blight Gravesend/NW Kents landscape. Let us all who'll have to see this eyesore hope and pray that as much effort goes into its construction as its design/forethought. With any luck it will fall down or get damaged beyond repair when we next get some strong winds!!! David Beattie, Gravesend, Kent We find it rather disappointing that such an opportunity to p	Do I Know This ? Do I Know This ? Updated May 17, 2013, 12:23 AM Have you ever wondered who's got the most number of top singles in U.K ? Have you ever wondered which company is the world's top Global Brand ? Have you ever wondered which country has got the most or the highest number of Netizens ? Use template Amazing Facts 100 amazing & unknown facts! # Our eyes remain the same size from birth onward, but our nose and ears never stop growing. # The Barbie doll’s full name is Barbara Millicent Roberts. # The Mona Lisa has no eyebrows. # Ants never sleep! # When the moon is directly overhead, you will weigh slightly less. # Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, never called his wife or mother because they were both deaf. # An ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain. # “I Am” is the shortest complete sentence in the English language. # Babies are born without knee caps – actually, they’re made of cartilage and the bone hardens between the ages of 2 and 6 years. # Happy Birthday (the song) is copyrighted. # Butterflies taste with their feet. # A “jiffy” is an actual unit of time for 1/100th of a second. # It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. # Leonardo Da Vinci invented the scissors. # Minus 40 degrees Celsius is exactly the same as minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit. # No word in the English language rhymes with month, orange, silver or purple. # Shakespeare invented the words “assassination” and “bump.” # Stewardesses is the longest word typed with only the left hand. # Elephants are the only animals that cannot jump. # The names of all the continents end with the same letter that they start with. # The sentence, “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” uses every letter in the English language. # The shortest war in history was between Zanzibar and England in 1896. Zanzibar surrendered after 38 minutes. # The strongest muscle in the body is the tongue. # The word “lethologica” describes the state of not being able to remember the word you want. # Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves from the blowing desert sand. # TYPEWRITER is the longest word that can be made using the letters on only one row of the keyboard. # You can’t kill yourself by holding your breath. # Money isn’t made out of paper. It’s made out of cotton. # Your stomach has to produce a new layer of mucus every two weeks or it will digest itself. # The dot over the letter “i” is called a tittle. # A duck’s quack doesn’t echo. No one knows why! # The “spot” on the 7-Up comes from its inventor who had red eyes – he was an albino. ’7′ was because the original containers were 7 ounces and ‘UP’ indicated the direction of the bubbles. # Chocolate can kill dogs, as it contains theobromine, which affects their heart and nervous system. # Because metal was scarce, the Oscars given out during World War II were made of plaster. # There are only two words in the English language that have all five vowels in order: “abstemious” and “facetious.” # If one places a tiny amount of liquor on a scorpion, it will instantly go mad and sting itself to death. # Bruce Lee was so fast that they actually had to slow film down so you could see his moves. # The original name for butterfly was flutterby. # By raising your legs slowly and laying on your back, you cannot sink into quicksand. # Dogs and cats, like humans, are either right or left handed. # Charlie Chaplin once won the third prize in a Charlie Chaplin look-alike contest. # Sherlock Holmes NEVER said “Elementary, my dear Watson”. # The Guinness Book of Records holds the record for being the book most often stolen from Public Libraries. # Bats always turn left when exiting a cave. # The shortest English word that contains the letters A, B, C, D, E, and F is “feedback.” # All Polar bears are left-handed. # In England, the Speaker of the House is not allowed to speak. # “Dreamt” is the only English word that ends in the letters “mt.” # Almonds are a member of the peach family, and apples belong to the rose family. # Peanuts are one of the ingredients of dynamite. # The only 15 letter word	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,692	What legendary place is said to have sunk into the sea?	Five Legendary Lost Cities that have Never Been Found \| Ancient Origins 2 November, 2015 - 02:47 aprilholloway Five Legendary Lost Cities that have Never Been Found (Read the article on one page) The story of Atlantis is one of the most renowned and enduring tales of a lost city, said to have been swallowed up by the sea and lost forever. Yet, the story of Atlantis is not unique, as other cultures have similar legends of landmasses and cities that have disappeared under the waves, been lost beneath desert sands, or buried beneath centuries of vegetation. From the ancient homeland of the Aztecs, to jungle cities of gold and riches, we examine five legendary lost cities that have never been found. Percy Fawcett and the Lost City of Z Since Europeans first arrived in the New World, there have been stories of a legendary jungle city of gold, sometimes referred to as El Dorado. Spanish Conquistador, Francisco de Orellana was the first to venture along the Rio Negro in search of this fabled city. In 1925, at the age of 58, explorer Percy Fawcett headed into the jungles of Brazil to find a mysterious lost city he called “Z”. He and his team would vanish without a trace and the story would turn out be one of the biggest news stories of his day. Despite countless rescue missions, Fawcett was never found. In 1906, the Royal Geographical Society, a British organization that sponsors scientific expeditions, invited Fawcett to survey part of the frontier between Brazil and Bolivia. He spent 18 months in the Mato Grosso area and it was during his various expeditions that Fawcett became obsessed with the idea of lost civilizations in this area. In 1920, Fawcett came across a document in the National Library of Rio De Janeiro called Manuscript 512. It was written by a Portuguese explorer in 1753, who claimed to have found a walled city deep in the Mato Grosso region of the Amazon rainforest, reminiscent of ancient Greece. The manuscript described a lost, silver laden city with multi-storied buildings, soaring stone arches, wide streets leading down towards a lake on which the explorer had seen two white Indians in a canoe. Fawcett called this the Lost City of Z. In 1921, Fawcett set out on his first of many expeditions to find the Lost City of Z, but his team were frequently hindered by the hardships of the jungle, dangerous animals, and rampant diseases. Percy’s final search for Z culminated in his complete disappearance. In April 1925, he attempted one last time to find Z, this time better equipped and better financed by newspapers and societies including the Royal Geographic Society and the Rockefellers. In his final letter home, sent back via a team member, Fawcett sent a message to his wife Nina and proclaimed “We hope to get through this region in a few days.... You need have no fear of any failure.” It was to be the last anyone would ever hear from them again. While Fawcett’s lost city of Z has never been found, numerous ancient cities and remains of religious sites have been uncovered in recent years in the jungles of Guatemala, Brazil, Bolivia and Honduras. With the advent of new scanning technology, it is possible that an ancient city that spurred the legends of Z, may one day be found. The Lost City of Aztlan – Legendary Homeland of the Aztecs The Aztec people of Mexico created one of the most powerful empires of the ancient Americas. While much is known about their empire located where today’s Mexico City can be found, less is known about the very start of the Aztec culture. Many consider the missing island of Aztlan to be the ancient homeland where the Aztec people began to form as a civilization prior to their migration to the Valley of Mexico. Some believe it is a mythical land, similar to Atlantis or Camelot, which will live on through legend but will never be found in physical existence. Others believe it to be a true, physical location that will someday be identified. Searches for the land of Aztlan have spanned from Western Mexico, all the way to the deserts of Utah, in hopes of finding the legendary isla	An Englishmans Favourite Bits of England Vol 4 An Englishmans Favourite Bits of England Vol 4 Index Part 1 of Volume 4 Hauntings of Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England Famous Hauntings of England Mrs Duncan – The Last Witch to be Tried in England Is This Proof of Reincarnation? Wymering Manor House – The Most Haunted House in England Stonehenge and It's Eerie Past City of Bath, England – History and Ghosts List of Spooky and Ghostly IOW Hauntings James Herbert OBE – English Iconic Horror Author Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley– English Iconic Author Sir Michael Caine - English Iconic Actor Sir Henry Irving – Iconic English Actor Manager James Bond 007 – British Icon Dr. Who - A British TV Icon Sir Rex Harrison - English Iconic Actor Sir John Mills - English Iconic Actor Sir Norman Wisdom – Comic Actor and Singer 7th Century to Swinging Naughties - British Icons Swinging Sixties – British Fashion Designers Swinging Sixties ( London ) – British Iconic Music The New Romantics – 1980's London Music World's First Football Chant – by Edward Elgar Village of Wenlock, England – A Modern Olympic Games – 1850 Sir Isaac Newton – Iconic Scientist Charles Darwin 1809 – 1882 Lady Godiva (1040-1080 AD) – An English Icon English Spa Towns – Iconic Places Edward Somerset – English Inventor of The First Steam Engine 1653 The First Steam Locomotive – England 1804 Howard Carter – The Discoverer of Tutankhamen Sir Henry Wood – The Last Night Of The Proms Toad In The Hole – English History and Recipe Bubble and Squeak – English Recipe and History Index Part 2 of Volume 4 Black Pudding – It's English History and Recipe British Cheeses – Types and Taste English Crumpets – History and Recipe English Custard – History and Recipe Spotted Dick or Spotty Dog – English Pudding Recipe The Earliest Sandwich – It's English History Ye Olde English Marmalade – History and Recipe 1480 AD English Chelsea Buns – History and Recipe English Mustard – An English Icon Lardy Cake – 15th Century History and Recipe History of Cribbage – An English Iconic Game History of English Lawn Bowls – Jactus Lapidum Jigsaw Puzzles – An English Iconic Game The Valentine Card – An English Icon Sir Francis Walsingham – Spymaster for Queen Elizabeth 1 MI6 and "C" – First Head of MI6 from 1911 P.M. Mrs Margaret Thatcher – The Iron lady British Knighthoods – Iconic History William Shakespeare – British Playwright Icon The Globe Theatre – London Icon Portsmouth Football Club ( Pompey ) 1898 Twenty20 Cricket – It's Founder and History Commonwealth Games – The Friendly Games Earliest Horse Races – England 12th Century The Grand National – England 1839 The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race – It's Fun History British Seaside Piers – History from 1391 Robert Thompson – “The Mouseman” Furniture Maker Hauntings and History of Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England Many years ago I worked at Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England and as its history is very interesting I thought I would write about it's fun history. The Royal Hospital Haslar began as a Royal Navy hospital in 1753. It has a long and distinguished history in the medical care of service personnel in peacetime and in war. The buildings were designed by Theodore Jacobsen and built from 1746 and completed in 1762. St Luke's Chapel was added in 1762 and later still, a landing stage was added so troops could reach the hospital directly from ships. Haslar was the biggest hospital and the largest brick building in England when it was built. The hospital included an asylum for sailors with psychiatric disorders and an early superintending psychiatrist was the phrenologist, William Scott, a member of the influential Edinburgh Phrenological Society. James Lind at Haslar Hospital 1758-1774 played a large part in discovering a cure for scurvy, not least through his pioneering use of a double blind trial of vitamin C supplements. Ghosts of RNH Haslar A lot of poltergeist activity has been reported in the galley. According to a clairvoyant who worked in the hospital there are three ghosts occupying the kitchen area and many more around the hospital	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,693	Kelly Slater and Layne Beachley are multi world champions in which sport?	History - World Surf League World Surf League Download Anti-doping Policy 1976 – 1982 International Professional Surfers (IPS) – original world governing body of professional surfing spearheaded by Hawaiian surfers Fred Hemmings and Randy Rarick. Develops the first international ranking system, aggregating the previously disparate and unaffiliated events and creating a global tour. Champions included Peter “PT” Townend (AUS), Shaun Tomson (ZAF), Wayne “Rabbit” Bartholomew (AUS), Mark “MR” Richards (AUS), Margo Oberg (USA), Lynn Boyer (HAW) and Debbie Beacham (USA). 1983 – 2014 Association of Surfing Professionals (ASP) – evolution of the IPS and driven by West Australian surfer Ian “Kanga” Cairns, providing a joint ownership and control of the sport for both the event organizers and the surfers on tour. In the mid-1990s, the ASP's focus shifted to the 'Dream Tour' concept, encouraging event organizers to transition their venues from well-populated, metropolitan areas to remote locations with high-quality surf. The Dream Tour birthed the company philosophy of, “world's best surfers, world's best waves,” which remains the organization's guiding principle to this day. Notable champions include Tom Carroll (AUS), Tom Curren (USA), Kelly Slater (USA), Andy Irons (HAW), Mick Fanning (AUS) and Gabriel Medina (BRA) as well as Wendy Botha (ZAF), Freida Zamba (USA), Lisa Andersen (USA), Layne Beachley (AUS), Stephanie Gilmore (AUS) and Carissa Moore (HAW). In addition, this era opened its doors to both embrace the future and acknowledge the past in the creation of the junior and masters tours. 2015 – Present World Surf League (WSL) – 2015 saw the ASP officially become the World Surf League (WSL), overseeing the key product areas of the elite men's and women's World Championship Tours, the Qualifying Series (QS), the Big Wave Tour, the Big Wave Awards, the World Longboard Championships and the World Junior Championships. In addition to its headquarters in Santa Monica, California, the WSL has a commercial office in New York City and regional offices in Japan, Australia, France, South Africa, Brazil, Hawaii and Southern California. Historic Results We'll soon feature PDF downloads of every heat from every WSL championship surfing competition over the past 40 years. How awesome is that? Register today to get notified. Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships 1975	The lagoon show \| Comment \| The Observer The Observer Profile The lagoon show Sixty years ago this week, the beguiling tones of 'By The Sleepy Lagoon' launched an institution. Since then, the great, the good and some Prime Ministers have let it lull them into a gentle confessional: Desert Island Discs Sue Arnold The Observer Bognor, as far as we know, is famous for two things - George V's dying words 'Bugger Bognor' and 'By The Sleepy Lagoon', the signature tune of Desert Island Discs, radio's favourite and longest-running entertainment programme, inspired by a view from that less than glamorous seaside town. Two seconds into the familiar melody - the combination of sweeping strings, seagulls and spray never fails - and you can feel the sand beneath your toes as you run towards the nearest palm tree where your pile of eight carefully chosen records waits, neatly stacked. On Wednesday evening a line-up of famous castaways, both on stage and off, will celebrate the programme's sixtieth birthday at a gala evening in the Royal Festival Hall, London, introduced by Sue Lawley who has been the programme's presenter since 1988. Apart from the additional choice of a luxury in 1951 and a book in 1958 (television chef Jamie Oliver said recently he'd skip the book because he didn't read) the format of the programme has remained unchanged since its creator, Roy Plomley, first presented it in 1942. You can see why. It's simple, it's revealing, it's entertaining and it works. As the man said, if it ain't broke don't fix it. Over the years Desert Island Discs has taken its share of critical knocks and sustained the odd dent but it's always kept going. In 1994, when newsreader Trevor McDonald was invited to be on the show the Commission for Racial Equality cottoned on to the fact that, out of the many hundreds of guests who had been featured in the series, he was only the tenth non-white participant. The tally till then was five blacks (Shirley Bassey, Joan Armatrading, Dizzie Gillespie, Jesse Norman and Frank Bruno), and four Asians (Ravi Shankar, Salman Rushdie, Imran Khan and photographer Mohamed Amin). Was this really representative of a liberal, non-racist society? the CRE complained. Several times during her stewardship Lawley has been criticised for being too intrusive and too political. Was it necessary, or indeed seemly, listeners protested, for her to elicit the confession from Chancellor Gordon Brown that he wasn't gay? It says much for Lawley's interviewing skills that she never actually asked him if he were. There's more than one way of skinning a cat, and sympathetic charm is Lawley's way. The one time she lost the merest smidgen of her famously professional cool was when she was asking Sir Oswald Mosley's widow, Diana, Nazi sympathiser and personal friend of Adolf Hitler, about the holocaust. Lady Mosley had been describing at some length the extraordinary blueness of the Führer's eyes, which she had first noticed when they were staying at his home. But what about the six million Jews murdered by the Nazis, asked Lawley. 'Oh no, I don't think it was as many as that,' protested Lady Mosley. 'I know it was much, much less.' Pause, longish pause and then: 'Tell us about your fifth record, Lady Mosley.' It was a great radio moment. Considering the kudos attached to being a Desert Island Discs guest, it isn't that difficult to qualify for that coveted slot in the hammock swinging between the two palm trees. Other radio interview programmes demand far more taxing criteria of their guests. Unless she publicly bludgeoned Lord Sainsbury to death with a rolling pin it's unlikely that Delia Smith would ever wind up In The Psychiatrist's Chair opposite Professor Anthony Clare, or On The Ropes with John Humphrys. And the chances of Sir Alex Ferguson being invited on to Radio 3's Private Passions to discuss his musical preferences with Michael Berkeley are remote. It's much easier to get on to DID; you don't even have to be famous, just good at something. A lot of people have been invited not just once but twice, three times or even, as	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,694	Where in Paris would you find The Richelieu Wing, The Sully Wing and The Napoleon Hall?	More The Louvre Museum in Paris is structured like an upside-down "U". At the far back is the Sully Wing. To the left is the Richelieu Wing and on the right is the Denon Wing . The glass pyramid is located at the centre of the "U". Each of the three wings has four floors: Rez-de-Chaussee (ground floor - first floor) Entresol (mezzanine above the ground floor) 1er Etage (second floor)	Bezzerwizzer at Paint Branch High School - StudyBlue StudyBlue Which geometric shape does Frank Llyod Wright's Guggenheim Museum in New York echo? A spiral Which painter liked to present himself as the "Man in the Bowler Hat"? Rene Magritte Which IT company is also known by the abbreviation "HP"? Hewlett Packard Which American university is known by the abbreviation "M.I.T."? Massachusetts Institute of Technology What American fashion icon enjoys the sweet smell of success with his Double Black cologne? Ralph Lauren Whon won the Oscar for Best Actor in "The Godfather" in 1972? Marlon Brando Which traditional French dish consists of eggplant, garlic, peppers, tomatoes, zucchini and onions? Ratatouille Which is the largest city in New Zealand? Auckland In 1960, which Asian country saw a woman elected as head of the government for the first time: Ceylon, Malaya or India? Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) What is the word for illnesses in which physical symptoms are traced back to mental causes? Psychosomatic How many people take part in a tete-a-tete? Two Who, in 1841, wrote about "The Murders in the Rue Morgue"? Edgar Allen Poe Who sang the title song to the James Bond film "Goldfinger"? Shirley Bassey Which species of deer is the most common across the world? Elk (moose) Who was elected President of Poland in 1990? Lech Walesa Which planet is also known as the "evening star"? Venus In a battle of the "hot-heads," who did Jimmy Connors defeat in 1982 in the Wimbledon tennis finals? John McEnroe Which videotape format prevailed in the face of competition from Betamax and Video2000? VHS Which President proclaimed Thanksgiving Day a national holiday? Abraham Lincoln Who was the murder victim at the center of the plot in TV's "Twin Peaks"? Laura Palmer Renaissance architecture emerged from which country? Italy How many people can be seen in da Vinci's painting of "The Last Supper"? Thirteen Which drink did pharmacist John S. Pemberton invent in 1886? Coca Cola Which term, used in sociology denotes the adaption of a minority to the culture and lifestyle of the majority? Assimilation What do the letters of the American fashion label "DKNY" stand for? Donna Karan New York Who played the role of Baron von Trapp in 1965's "The Sound of Music"? Christopher Plummer Which nation brought chocolate to Europe from rainforests of Mexico and Central America? Spain In which country is the Gibson Desert? Australia What was the code name for Allied Invasion of Normandy on D-Day? Operation Overlord What substance gives blood its red color? Hemoglobin Which science deals with the origin, history and meaning of words? Etymology Which generation did Douglas Coupland portray in his 1991 novel? Generation X Which duo sang "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" in 1965? The Righteous Brothers Which bird has the largest wing span? The (wandering) albatross Bill Clinton was governor of which U.S. state before becoming president? Arkansas How is the number 1,500 written in Roman numerals? MD In swimming, how many strokes are there in an Individual Medley? Four Which country launched MIR space station in 1986? Soviet Union How many points does the Jewish Star of David have? Six In which city did the TV series "Frasier" take place? Seattle What is a column or monument made of a single block of stone? Monolith Which male entertainment group, originally Los Angeles, is known for its striptease routine? The Chippendales Which copmany was co-founded in 1975 by Paul Allen? Microsoft What is celebrated on the 8th of March throughout the world? International Women's Day Causing fistfights in toy stores in the 1980s, which must have dolls came with their own adoption papers? Cabbage Patch Kids Who won the 2000 Oscar for Best Actor in "American Beauty"? Kevin Spacey Which exclusive dish meaning "fat liver" in French is prepared from duck or goose liver? Foie Gras Which ocean lies between Africa, Asia, Australia and the Antarctic? Indian Ocean Which Italian explorer gave his name to America? Amerigo Vespucci Who has, on average, more hair on their head: blondes, brunettes, or red	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,695	Dermatophobia is the irrational fear of disease of which part of the body?	Phobias Phobias Fear of skin infestation by mites and ticks ACEROPHOBIA Fear of darkness (also NYCTOPHOBIA) ACOUSTICOPHOBIA Fear of flying; fear of drafts or fresh air AGORAPHOBIA Fear of pointed objects (also AICHUROPHOBIA) AILUROPHOBIA Fear of cats (also AELUROPHOBIA, ELUROPHOBIA, & GATOPHOBIA) ALBUMINUROPHOBIA Fear of albumin in one's urine as a sign of kidney disease ALEKTOROPHOBIA Fear of pain (also ODYNOPHOBIA, ODYNEPHOBIA) AMATHOPHOBIA Fear of being in or riding in vehicles (also OCHLOPHOBIA) AMYCHOPHOBIA Fear of men; hatred of men ANEMOPHOBIA Fear of drafts or winds ANGINAPHOBIA Fear or hatred of England and English things ANTHOPHOBIA Fear of people (also ANTHROPOPHOBIA) ANTLOPHOBIA Fear of touching or being touched (also HAPHEPHOBIA,HAPTEPHOBIA) APIPHOBIA Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of one's mouth ARACHNEPHOBIA Fear of spiders (also ARACHNOPHOBIA) ASTHENOPHOBIA Fear of being struck by lightning (also CERAUNOPHOBIA,KERAUNOPHOBIA) ASTROPHOBIA Fear of disorder (also ATAXOPHOBIA) ATELOPHOBIA Fear of being by oneself (also EREMIOPHOBIA, EREMOPHOBIA, MONOPHOBIA) BACILLOPHOBIA Fear of germs (also BACTERIOPHOBIA, MICROBIOPHOBIA, BACILLIPHOBIA) BALLISTOPHOBIA Fear of frogs and toads BELONEPHOBIA Fear of pins and needles (also BELONOPHOBIA) BIBLIOPHOBIA Fear of demons and goblins BOTANOPHOBIA Fear of plants and flowers BROMIDROSIPHOBIA Fear of having an unpleasant body odor BRONTOPHOBIA Fear of thunder and thunderstorms CAINOPHOBIA Fear of novelty (also CAINOTOPHOBIA) CANCEROPHOBIA Fear of cancer (also CARCINOMATOPHOBIA) CARDIOPHOBIA Fear or dislikes of Celts CENOPHOBIA Fear of open spaces (also KENOPHOBIA) CERAUNOPHOBIA Fear of being struck by lightning CHAETOPHOBIA Fear of money and wealth (also CHROMETOPHOBIA) CHROMOPHOBIA Fear of food (also SITOPHOBIA, SITIOPHOBIA) CLAUSTROPHOBIA Fear of being in closed or narrow places CLEPTOPHOBIA Fear of falling down stairs CLINOPHOBIA Fear of going to bed CNIDOPHOBIA Fear of sexual intercourse (also CYPRIDOPHOBIA, GENOPHOBIA) COMETOPHOBIA Fear of cliffs and precipices CREMOPHOBIA Fear of ice or frost CRYSTALLOPHOBIA Fear of glass (also HYALOPHOBIA) CYMOPHOBIA Fear of venereal disease (also VENEREOPHOBIA) DEIPNOPHOBIA Fear of dining and dinner conversation DEMONOPHOBIA Fear or dislike of crowds DENDROPHOBIA Fear of skin disease (also DERMATOPATHOPHOBIA) DIABETOPHOBIA Fear of school (also SCHOLIONOPHOBIA) DIKEPHOBIA Fear of fur and animal skins DROMOPHOBIA Fear of home and home surroundings (also OECOPHOBIA, OIKOPHOBIA) EISOPTROPHOBIA Fear of termites (also ISOPTEROPHOBIA) ELECTROPHOBIA Fear of being by oneself EREUTHOPHOBIA Fear of work (also PONOPHOBIA) ERGOPHOBIA Fear of sexual feelings and the physical expression of them ERYTHROPHOBIA Fear of the color red; fear of blushing EUPHOBIA Hatred of France and French things (also GALLOPHOBIA) FRIGOPHOBIA Fear of cold (also PSYCHROPHOBIA) GALEOPHOBIA Fear of France and French things GAMOPHOBIA Fear or hatred of Germany (also TEUTOPHOBIA, TEUTONOPHOBIA) GEUMOPHOBIA Fear of tastes or flavors (also GEUMATOPHOBIA) GLOSSOPHOBIA Fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak GRAPHOPHOBIA Fear or dislike of white strangers GYMNOPHOBIA Fear or hatred of women (also GYNOPHOBIA) HAGIOPHOBIA Fear of holy objects, holy people, and saints HAMARTOPHOBIA Fear of error or sin HAPHEPHOBIA Fear of becoming infested with worms HEMATOPHOBIA Fear of blood (also HEMOPHOBIA) HERPETOPHOBIA Fear of reptiles and amphibians HIEROPHOBIA Fear of water; fear of rabies HYGROPHOBIA Fear of liquids, especially wine or water HYLEPHOBIA Fear of responsibility (also HYPEGIAPHOBIA) HYPNOPHOBIA Fear of high places (also HYPSOPHOBIA) IATROPHOBIA Fear of going to the doctor ICHTHYOPHOBIA Hatred of Jews and Jewish culture (also JUDEOPHOBIA) KAKORRHAPHIOPHOBIA Fear of failure or defeat (also KAKORRAPHIAPHOBIA) KATAGELOPHOBIA Fear of thunder and lightning KINESOPHOBIA Fear of thieves (also CLEPTOPHOBIA) KOPOPHOBIA Fear of mental or physical examination LALIOPHOBIA	The Phobia List Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car. Ambulophobia- Fear of walking. Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched. Anablephobia- Fear of looking up. Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia) Androphobia- Fear of men. Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia) Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness. Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc. Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry. Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint. Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers. Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society. Antlophobia- Fear of floods. Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single. Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity. Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia) Apiphobia- Fear of bees. Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations. Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth. Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders. Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers. Cainophobia or Cainotophobia- Fear of newness, novelty. Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women. Cancerophobia or Carcinophobia- Fear of cancer. Cardiophobia- Fear of the heart. Carnophobia- Fear of meat. Catagelophobia- Fear of being ridiculed. Catapedaphobia- Fear of jumping from high and low places. Cathisophobia- Fear of sitting. Cenophobia or Centophobia- Fear of new things or ideas. Ceraunophobia or Keraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia) Chaetophobia- Fear of hair. Cheimaphobia or Cheimatophobia- Fear of cold.(Frigophobia, Psychophobia) Chemophobia- Fear of chemicals or working with chemicals. Cherophobia- Fear of gaiety. Chiraptophobia- Fear of being touched. Chirophobia- Fear of hands. Cholerophobia- Fear of anger or the fear of cholera. Chorophobia- Fear of dancing. Chrometophobia or Chrematophobia- Fear of money. Chromophobia or Chromatophobia- Fear of colors. Chronophobia- Fear of time. Cibophobia- Fear of food.(Sitophobia, Sitiophobia) Claustrophobia- Fear of confined spaces. Cleithrophobia or Cleisiophobia- Fear of being locked in an enclosed place. Cleptophobia- Fear of stealing. Climacophobia- Fear of stairs, climbing, or of falling downstairs. Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed. Clithrophobia or Cleithrophobia- Fear of being enclosed. Cnidophobia- Fear of stings. Decidophobia- Fear of making decisions. Defecaloesiophobia- Fear of painful bowels movements. Deipnophobia- Fear of dining or dinner conversations. Dementophobia- Fear of insanity. Demonophobia or Daemonophobia- Fear of demons. Demophobia- Fear of crowds. (Agoraphobia) Dendrophobia- Fear of trees. Dermatophobia- Fear of skin lesions. Dermatosiophobia or Dermatophobia or Dermatopathophobia- Fear of skin disease. Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right side of the body. Diabetophobia- Fear of diabetes. Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to school. Dikephobia- Fear of justice. Dinophobia- Fear of dizziness or whirlpools. Diplophobia- Fear of double vision. Dipsophobia- Fear of drinking. Dishabiliophobia- Fear of undressing in front of someone. Disposophobia- Fear of throwing stuff out. Hoarding. Domatophobia- Fear of houses or being in a house.(Eicophobia, Oikophobia) Doraphobia- Fear of fur or skins of animals. Doxophobia- Fear of expressing opinions or of receiving praise. Dromophobia- Fear of crossing streets. Dutchphobia- Fear of the Dutch. Dysmorphophobia- Fear of deformity. Hagiophobia- Fear of saints or holy things. Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning. Haphephobia or Haptephobia- Fear of being touched. Harpaxophobia- Fear of being robbed. Hedonophobia- Fear of feeling pleasure. Heliophobia- Fear of the sun. Hellenologophobia- Fear of Greek terms or complex scientific terminology. Helminthophobia- Fear of being infested with worms. Hemophobia or Hemaphobia or Hematophobia- Fear of blood. Heresyphobia or Hereiophobia- Fear of challenges to official doctrine or of radical deviation. Herpetophobia- Fear of reptiles or creepy, crawly things. Heterophobia- Fear of the opposite sex. (Sexophobia) Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia- Fear of the number 666. Hierophobia- Fe	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,696	What famous Australian product did Cyril Callister devise in Melbourne, in 1922, partly in response to war-related shortages of the British version?	CityPages December 2014 online by CityPages Kuwait - issuu issuu DECEMBER 2014 Zainab Jawad Boushahri Pursuing perfection issuu.com/citypageskuwait Scan this QR code with your smart phone /tablet and enjoy reading CityPages. To read it on your computer, simply visit the web link above. pinterest.com/citypagesmag Scan this QR code with your smart phone /tablet and enjoy reading and sharing slective pages from this issue of CityPages. To read it on your computer, simply visit the web link above. LIFESTYLE / PEOPLE / EVENTS / FASHION The Avenues mall The Mall - Mezanine High Street Phone: 22200650 @TRUCCOKW ‫مجمع االفنيوز‬ ‫ ميزانني‬- ‫ذا مول‬ ‫هاي سرتيت‬ 22200650 :‫هاتف‬ truccoshop.com contents ISSUE 60, VOLUME 4, DECEMBER 2014 96 22 102 114 70 20 82 BEAUTY 102. Natural Skin Care 104. Perfume-Sales And Behaviors 106. A Woman’s Hair Is Her Crown Of Beauty 32. Arabic Article 34. Money,Money, Money 36. Guesting With The Rich And Famous 38. New Noor Clinic 119. Action Movies ENTERTAINMENT 114. December Movie Releases 118. Top Music Charts FASHION 70. Winter Wardrobe-Photoshoot For Trucco 98. Bvlgari-Man In Black-Photoshoot 136. Fashion News FEATURE 20. 24. 26. 28. 30. Relationships In Business Cultural Diversity Hands Up For School Rant And Rabbit Too Manner-The Taste of Vienna 62 90 TRAVEL 110. Short Stories By Nadia AlHassan 112. Afrah And Yasser 120. Writing Tips By Nada Faris 58. The Bride-To-Be Diet 68. Avoiding The Holiday Weight Gain 124. Cool New Gadgets 126. Tech Updates & News 128. Microsoft Lumia 535 90. Sochi 86 REGULARS 47. The Color Recipe 64. Meet The Entrepreneurs With Tass Hassoun 85. Adopt A Street Princess 88. City Guide 96. Travel With MuzMuz 122. December Book Releases 123. Book Club 141. Events 154. Press 160. Say Cheez With CityPages 164. Homework For Grown Ups 166. Horoscopes FAMILY. FASHION. ONE DESTINATION AUTUMN / WINTER COLLECTION Dear Readers… Dhari Al-Muhareb Editor-in-Chief Jameel Arif General Manager & Editor Eng. Homoud AlMuhareb Publishing Director Abeer Al-Abduljalil Managing Editor Muhammed Altaf Sr. Sales Manager Claudia Farias Content Supervisor Tanya Burns Creative Director Graphic Designers Mohammed Syed Khaled Al-Enezi Contributing Team Nadia Al-Hassan Abdullah Y. Shams AlDeen Abdulaziz Al-Khamis Nada Soliman Abdalla AlMuzaini Nada Faris Adnan Najeeb Al-Abbar Nour Al-Zaabi Ali - DJ RAVEN Oussama T. Hussein ARTRONAUTS Paul Tunbridge ASAMA Perfumes Reshmi Revi BirthKuwait Deema DeCaux Sanaa Abdul Hamid Dr. Nazia Nausheen Sandra Bakhamian Faisal Al-Dhofari Sherihan A. Hassabo Erika Habig Talah Alabdulaaly John McArthur Tassnim Hassoun Khaled Al-Zawawi Zahra Ashkanani Layla Harmony Zahra Taqi Maha Al-Rashed Happy December! I would like to start by sharing one of my favourite quotes which I believe is also a guiding principle for our success at CityPages. “Success is like a ladder and no one has ever climbed a ladder with their hands in their pockets.” – Zig Ziglar Since 2010, when I started CityPages every day is a new day with new challenges and new opportunities underneath those challenges. With the completion of this issue, CityPages has reached an important milestone. We just completed 5 years and this in your hands is our 60th issue. To me it's the same happiness that I experienced while holding the first issue. I remember how we started with a very small team and today I feel extremely happy to see the team growing and each new member bringing in a totally new bit of excitement for our readers. Talking of team members, I would like to introduce you to the three new team members who start their journey with us from this issue. Please make sure you check the three new segments: Color Recipe by Wala'a Al Muhaiteeb, Travel with MuzMuz by Mouzah AlShareedah, and Adopt a Street Princess by my friend Nathalie Veys. December issue has plenty of interesting read for everyone. I find myself lucky to be able to convince our cover personality - Zainab Jawad Boushahri to accept my request for an interview and be featured on the cover and make this issue a very special one. She is really a very si	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: February 2011 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League 22nd Feb–Cup/Plate Semi Finals Questions set by Plough Horntails and the Dolphin 1. How many hoops are used in the standard game of Croquet? A, 6. 2. Which African kingdom was known as Basutoland before it gained independence in 1966? A. Lesotho. 3. The work "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures" is the textbook of which religious movement founded in 1879? A. Christian Science. 4. What is the fruit of the Blackthorn called? A. The Sloe. 5. How many countries sit on the full United Nations Security Council? A. 15. 6. According to the book of Genesis, which land lay to the "east of Eden"? A. The Land of Nod. 7. What is the name of the southernmost point of Africa? A. Cape Agulhas (note: The Cape of Good Hope is just south of Cape Town and is NOT correct). 8. Responding to a pressing issue in year 1095, what appeal did Pope Urban II make to Kings, Nobles and Knights in a sermon at the Council of Clermont? A. Please help to regain the Holy Lands… the First Crusade. (Accept any answer relating to freeing Jerusalem from Moslems/ Mohammadens / Turks/ Saracens) 9. Who holds the post of High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union? A. Baroness Ashton (Accept Catherine Ashton). 10. Which city was awarded the 1944 Summer Olympic Games? A. London. 11. In which country did the Maoist organization the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) operate? A. Peru. 12. Which major city’s name translates into English as Fragrant Harbour? A. Hong Kong. 13. In which country was the Granny Smith apple first grown? A. Australia (in 1868) 15. Who was the architect of Coventry Cathedral? A. Basil Spence. 16. Who opened an historic address to his people with the following, “In this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in our history, I send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if I were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.” A. King George VI (as taken from the King’s Speech) 17. Which car company makes the Alhambra model? A. Seat. 18. Which car company makes a model called the Sirion? A. Diahatsu 19. What is the Nationality of Stefaan Engels who set a World record on Saturday 5th February in Barcelona by completing a marathon every day for a year, a total of 9,569 miles? A. Belgian. 20. Who wrote Memoirs of a Fox-hunting Man and Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, as well as collections of poetry? A. Siegfried Sassoon. 21. Approximately what percentage of the planet’s surface is covered by Tropical rainforests? A. 2% (but they are home to more than 50% species on Earth). Accept any figure less than 5%. 22. What is the name of the point on the Celestial sphere directly below an observer or a given position? A. Nadir. (Note this is the opposite of zenith). 23. What is the term, of French origin, loosely translated 'into mouth', for using facial muscles and shaping the lips for the mouthpiece to play a woodwind or brass musical instrument? A. Embouchure (origin, em = into, bouche = mouth) also accept embrasure. 24. In his 2011 memoir, ‘Known and Unknown’, which US ex-politician tries to deflect blame onto others including Colin Powell and Condoleeza Rice, for Iraq War mistakes? A. Donald Rumsfeld. (The book title alludes to Rumsfeld's famous statement: "There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns - the ones we don't know we don't know..." The statement was made by Rumsfeld on February 12, 2002 at a press briefing addressing the absence of evidence linking the Iraq government with the supply of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups.) 25. How many vertices (corners) has a regular dodecahedron (a dodecahedron is a 3D form with 12 faces)? A. 20. 26. The Salmon River in Idaho, USA is known by what nickname, It is also the name of a 1954 film, whose title soundtrack was recorded b	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,697	What 300 BC book from ancient Greece that was essential reading for students for centuries was said to be second only to the Bible in the number of editions published?	Euclid's Elements : Map (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki Wikipedia article: Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: Euclid's Elements ( Greek : ) is a mathematical and geometric treatise consisting of 13 books written by the Greek mathematician Euclid in Alexandria circa 300 BC. It is a collection of definitions, postulates ( axioms ), propositions ( theorems and constructions ), and mathematical proofs of the propositions. The thirteen books cover Euclidean geometry and the ancient Greek version of elementary number theory . With the exception of Autolycus' On the Moving Sphere, the Elements is one of the oldest extant Greek mathematical treatises and it is the oldest extant axiomatic deductive treatment of mathematics . It has proven instrumental in the development of logic and modern science . Euclid's Elements is the most successful and influential textbook ever written. Being first set in type in Venice in 1482, it is one of the very earliest mathematical works to be printed after the invention of the printing press and is estimated to be second only to the Bible in the number of editions published, with the number reaching well over one thousand. It was used as the basic text on geometry throughout the Western world for about 2,000 years. For centuries, when the quadrivium was included in the curriculum of all university students, knowledge of at least part of Euclid's Elements was required of all students. Not until the 20th century, by which time its content was universally taught through school books, did it cease to be considered something all educated people had read. History Basis in earlier work Scholars believe that the Elements is largely a collection of theorems proved by other mathematicians supplemented by some original work. Proclus , a Greek mathematician who lived several centuries after Euclid, wrote in his commentary of the Elements: "Euclid, who put together the Elements, collecting many of Eudoxus ' theorems, perfecting many of Theaetetus ', and also bringing to irrefragable demonstration the things which were only somewhat loosely proved by his predecessors". Pythagoras was probably the source of most of books I and II, Hippocrates of book III, and Eudoxus book V, while books IV, VI, XI, and XII probably came from other Pythagorean or Athenian mathematicians. Euclid often replaced fallacious proofs with his own, more rigorous versions. The use of definitions, postulates, and axioms dated back to Plato . The Elements may have been based on an earlier textbook by Hippocrates of Chios (not the better known Hippocrates of Kos ), who also may have originated the use of letters to refer to figures. Transmission of the text In the fourth century C.E. Theon of Alexandria produced an edition of Euclid which was so widely used that it became the only surviving source until François Peyrard 's 1808 discovery at the Vatican of a manuscript not derived from Theon's. Although known to, for instance, Cicero , there is no extant record of the text having been translated into Latin prior to Boethius in the fifth or sixth century. The Arabs received the Elements from the Byzantines in approximately 760; this version, by a pupil of Euclid called Proclo , was translated into Arabic under Harun al Rashid circa 800 AD. The Byzantine scholar Arethas commissioned the copying of one of the extant Greek manuscripts of Euclid in the late ninth century. Although known in Byzantium, the Elements was lost to Western Europe until ca. 1120, when the English monk Adelard of Bath translated it into Latin from an Arabic translation. The first printed edition appeared in 1482 (based on Giovanni Campano's 1260 edition), and since then it has been translated into many languages and published in about a thousand different editions. Theon's Greek edition was recovered in 1533. In 1570, John Dee provided a widely respected "Mathematical Preface", along with copious notes and supplementary material, to the first English edition by Henry Billingsley . Copies of the Greek text still exist, some of which can be found in the	Holy Books in Judaism of Judaism The Hebrew Scriptures, referred to by Christians as the Old Testament, are called the TANAKH, which is the Hebrew acronym for the three different parts: The Torah which is the first five books of the Old Testament or the Pentateuch; The Nevi'im which are the books of the prophets; and Ketuvim which are the remaining writings. A chart at NewLife.com explains the different parts of the TANAKH and what's included in each section. The other Holy Book for the Jewish religion is the Talmud which includes the Mishnah, which means "repetition" or "study" and the Gemara, which means "addition" or "completion." As society changed, the Jews found that the Torah needed to be updated from its original agricultural emphasis. Those changes became part of the Mishnah. The Mishnah also includes a description of Jewish life was during the period of the Second Temple. The Mishnah is divided into six sections (sedarim): Zeraim (seeds) regarding the agricultural laws Moed (seasons) regarding the Sabbath and festivals Nashim (women) regarding marriage, divorce and family law Neziqin (damages) regarding civil and criminal laws Qodashim (holy things) regarding sacrificial cult and dietary laws) Tohorot (purifications) regarding ritual defilement and purification The sedarim are divided into 63 treatises. Also included in the Mishnah are a collection of wise sayings called the Pirke Avot (Chapters of the Fathers). After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 A.D., the Talmud defines the Jews' religious life more than the Torah. Jewish tradition says Moses received two Torahs on Mount Sinai. The first is the written Torah above and the second is an oral Torah passed down from generation to generation. The oral Toral finally was written down at the end of the second century. Biblical scholars and scribes in Babylon edited the written "oral Torah" between 200 and 600 A.D. and that is now known as the Gemara, which means "completion" in Aramaic. Although there is only one Mishna, there are two Gemaras. The first Gemara called the Yerushalmi was created in Israel and the second called the Bavli was created in Babylon. The Gemara is always printed with the Mishnah. The Gemara adds to the Mishna and are a source of history and legend.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,698	How many noses do slugs have?	UCSB Science Line UCSB Science Line Why do slugs have 4 noses? Answer 1: I think what you are referring to as noses are the two pairs of tentacles that slugs have. They use these tentacles to gather information about their environment. The pair of tentacles located on the top of the head has a small black spot at each tip. These tentacles are used to detect lightness and darkness. I am not sure if they also used for smell. The second pair of tentacles is located at the lower part of the head and functions as a nose, because they pick up chemical smells. They are also sensitive to touch. To find food, a slug uses all four tentacles. Click Here to return to the search form. Copyright © 2015 The Regents of the University of California, All Rights Reserved.	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: February 2012 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League Specialist Rounds 21 February 2012 Tonight’s specialist questions have been set by the Puss In Boots, and vetted by the Albion. Entertainment: Radio Ha Ha Q1. What four unimaginative new names were given to the Home Service, Light and Third Programmes and their associated services following a reorganisation on 30 September 1967? A1. BBC Radios 1, 2, 3 and 4 [all four station names required]. Q2. The Mary Whitehouse Experience was Radio 1’s first attempt at a comedy series in 1989. The four original writers included Rob Newman and Hugh Dennis. Name one of the other two who went on to TV fame? A2. David Baddiel or Steve Punt Q3. The Million Pound Radio Show that aired in the mid-1980s launched the career of which TV funny man that went on to make ‘loadsamoney’? A3. Harry Enfield Q4. Which long-running topical television panel game was a taken from an idea first tested by Radio 4’s The News Quiz? A4. Have I Got News for You Q5. What was peculiar about Radio 4’s eight-and-a-half hour continuous broadcast on Boxing Day 2000? A5. Uninterrupted and unabridged reading of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (because JK Rowling refused to let it be serialised). Q6. Jack Dee now gives the panel members of I’m Sorry I Haven’t A Clue silly things to do, but whose famous jazz-trumpet playing shoes did he fill? A6. Humphrey Lyttelton Q7. Where is the radio show Old Harry’s Game set? A7. Hell Q8. Who wrote The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, originally a radio comedy, first broadcast in 1978? A8. Douglas Adams Supplementaries Q9. In which BBC Radio programme could you have found the characters Neddie, Eccles, Min, Major Bloodknock and Count Moriarty? A9. The Goon Show Q10. Mark Steel presenter of Mark Steel’s in Town, also writes a column for which national daily newspaper? A10. The Independent or the "i" Geography Q1. The Oresund bridge joins two European countries - name either of them. A1. Sweden or Denmark Q2. Which river separates Devon and Cornwall? A2. Tamar Q3. Which Motorway links Glasgow and Edinburgh? A3. M8 Q4. Which Motorway links Coventry and Leicester? A4. M69 Q5. Which is the only English port offering passenger ferry services to the Republic of Ireland? A5. Liverpool Q6. Which is the only English port offering passenger ferry services to Scandinavia? A6. Harwich (runs to Esbjerg in Denmark) Q7. Which British National Park has the longest Coastline? A7. Pembrokeshire Coast (260 miles) Q8. Near which British city would you find the mumbles? A8. Swansea Q9. What is the highest denomination Euro banknote available? A9. 500 Euro Q10. St Davids, St Thomas and St James Park are all railway stations in which British City? A10. Exeter Q1. Who was the maternal grandmother of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany? A1. Queen Victoria of Great Britain Q2. What was St Petersburg known as between 1914 and 1924? A2. Petrograd [and then Leningrad until 1991 but I specifically want “Petrograd”] Q3. Who was Chancellor of West Germany at the time of its reunification with East Germany? A3. Helmut Kohl Q4. The Falange were a far right wing group holding power from the 1930s to 1970s in which European country? A4. Spain Q5. In which year did Ted Heath's Government impose the "Three Day Week"? A5. 1974 [leeway 1973-1975] Q6. Which British Prime Minister lived at Chartwell in Kent from 1924 to 1965? A6. Winston Churchill Q7. Apart from West Germany and France, name one other of the founding members in 1952 of the European Coal and Steel Community? A7. Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg Q8. In 1963, which French president vetoed the UK's application to join the European Economic Community? A8. Charles De Gaulle Supplementaries Q9. What was the name of the trade union that went on strike at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk in 1980? A9. Solidarity ("Solidarnosc" if anyone can remember the Polish). Q10. What is the name of the Bosnian town, infamous as the site of the July 1995 mass murders perpetrated by Ratko Mladic's forces? A10. Srebrenica [pronounced Sreb-ren-it	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,699	Much in the news this year (2009) from which bank did Sir Fred Goodwin resign?	RBS paid tax on Goodwin's £2.7m lump sum \| Business \| The Guardian Close This article is 7 years old A new row erupted over the pension for Sir Fred Goodwin today when MPs were told the former Royal Bank of Scotland chief executive had taken a £3m lump sum from his £16.9m pension pot – and the bank had paid 40% tax on the payment. The City minister, Lord Myners , told the Treasury select committee that the board of RBS was "in denial" and had "bent over backwards" to be generous to Goodwin, its departing chief executive, last October when the bank was on the brink of collapse. Myners revealed that Goodwin had agreed to repay the lump sum, provided his pension entitlement was increased. It later emerged that the exact sum withdrawn was £2.7m, at a cost to RBS of £4.5m when the tax payment is taken into account, and that Goodwin had not yet returned the sum because there was no agreement with the Revenue that he would not be liable for tax. Myners, who was accused by MPs of being "bloody naive", revealed more details of Goodwin's "extraordinary" pension agreements. The bank treated Goodwin as though he had joined the pension scheme at the age of 20, rather than at 40 when he actually joined. None of his pension savings from previous employers were included in the scheme and 50-year-old Goodwin was allowed to choose his 12-month earnings figure from the best year in the previous decade. Documents released by the committee show that Peter Cummings, the HBOS executive who ran the division which caused record-breaking losses at the bank, has also been allowed to retire immediately even though he is only 53. He is receiving £352,000 a year after HBOS, now part of Lloyds Banking Group, treated departing executives as if they were made "redundant". Myners, facing hostile questions from the committee, insisted that the doubling of the pension for Goodwin to £703,000 a year was taken by the board of the bank and not by him. The City minister has had a high-profile battle with Goodwin , calling on him to hand back some of the extra pension which, he argues, the bank did not need to pay. Myners told MPs: "I still hope there's the opportunity for Sir Fred to do the right thing and either return some of his pension or make a very, very substantial and long-term commitment to charity both of money and of his undoubted energy and resources. Sir Fred can mitigate even at this stage." Myners, who was on the board of NatWest when RBS launched a hostile takeover bid 10 years ago, said RBS was warned by the remuneration consultants Watson Wyatt that the decision to double Goodwin's pension pot to £16m would not be approved by the bank's shareholders. "I think it is quite outrageous that a man who led a bank into the largest banking failure ever, a bank that depends on public support, should see a departing executive drawing a weekly pension of £13,000. "It does give an overall picture of a board of directors bending over backwards to be generous to Sir Fred. There was a real sense of denial at that time. I was dealing with people who for the first time were realising the serious state of affairs," he said. He said he had been told during the weekend of 11-12 October when the bailout was being orchestrated that the non-executive directors would resign if chairman Sir Tom McKillop was forced to leave as well as Goodwin. Myners also said that Bob Scott, the non-executive director who had handled negotiations with Goodwin, had suggested they could "spread out" the disclosure of Goodwin's full pension. Myners insisted he had no regrets about how he handled himself over that weekend. "I developed a script for these meetings … There should be no rewards for failure, payments to departing executives should be minimised." But the Conservatives insisted he had failed in his duties to the taxpayer. The shadow chancellor, George Osborne, said: "Gordon Brown appointed Lord Myners to look after the taxpayers' interest and to keep an eye on the banks. He has completely failed to do that and it is the taxpayer who is paying the price." North Yorkshire and	Beginning of the end Sir Cuthbert was asked to explain why Martins' shareholders were to get Loan Stock in Barclays Bank in part replacement of their Martins ordinary shares. The questioner was protesting at having some of his ordinary shares changed to fixed-interest stock. Sir Cuthbert explained that the takeï¿½over situation had inflated the price of Martins shares: a market price of about 21 shillings would have been more realistic. It must be appreciated that Barclays had to be fair to both their own and Martins' shareholders. The proportion of Barclays ordinary shares our shareholders were to get was properly related to Martins' assets and the earning capacity of the capital. With the Scheme of Arrangement approved by an overwhelming majorï¿½ity of Martins' shareholders the bank had then to seek the High Court's approval to the Scheme. This would give effect to the merger by early November. The main executive body within Barï¿½clays Bank comprises five members of the 'Chair' (the Chairman, two Deputy Chairmen and two Vice-Chairmen) and the six General Managers. They meet daily in the Chairman's Committee and act toï¿½gether as a team. Each of the six General Managers is nominally responsible for specific aspects of the business but all are interchangeable so that they can act for one another during absences. In this way decisions are not delayed pending the return of the appropriate General Manager. In addition there are 13 Assistant General Managers, each with a special sphere of responsibility (lending, automation, premises, staff, etc.). A number of heads of departments have Assistant General Manager status: these include the Chief Accountant, Chief Inspector, Investment Manaï¿½ger, Secretary, Staff Managers and Principal of the Staff Training Centre. Mr. John Thomson has been Chairï¿½man of Barclays Bank since 1962. He was educated at Winchester College and Magdalen College, Oxford, and joined Barclays' 81 Fleet Street office in 1929. After five years at the Peterï¿½borough Local Head Office he was appointed a Local Director at Oxford in 1935. His appointment as a director of Barclays Bank came in 1947, Vice-Chairman in 1956 and Deputy Chairï¿½man in 1958. Mr. Thomson is married and lives in Oxford. He is closely connected with many charitable organisations and other activities in the county where he has been Lord-Lieutenant since 1963. He has also many close ties with Oxford University. He was a member of the Royal Comï¿½mission on Trade Unions and Employers' Associations. Mr. Derek Wilde is the bank's senior General Manager. He joined Barclays in 1929 at Sheffield, where he was educated at King Edward VII's school, and spent a year on the Local Head Office staff before moving in 1938 to London and the banks' City Trustee Department. He continued in the Trustee Department after war service, first at Birmingham and then at Bournemouth, returning in 1954 to the City Trustee Office as Manager. Two years later he became Deputy Manager of all Barclays' Trustee Departments. He left the Trustee side in 1957 to be Deputy Chief Accountant from which post he became an Assistant General Manager in 1960 and a General Manager the following year. He has been senior General Manager since 1966. Mr. Wilde is married and lives at Penshurst, Kent Barclays' men and women have a wide range of sporting activities available to them. In London everyone from the newest junior to the senior manager can take advantage of the excellently equipped Sports Club through which the Bank takes a proï¿½minent part in all amateur sports. Individual members of Barclays' staff have won their places in international and Olympic events.Separate sections cover football, rugï¿½by, hockey, cricket, netball, golf, athletics, rifle-shooting, fencing, badï¿½minton, lawn and table tennis, chess, bridge, swimming, motoring and judo. In addition to large sports grounds at Norbury in south London and at Haling to the west, a fine boathouse was recent	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,700	Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1932, the citation reading ‘for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga’?	10 Inspirational Quotes from Nobel Prize Winners \| Top Universities 10 Inspirational Quotes from Nobel Prize Winners 10:00AM Sep 11, 2015 This content can be saved to the "My Activity" tab in your user profile. 29 shares This content can be saved to the "My Activity" tab in your user profile. 29 shares Need a bit of motivation before starting university? We’ve put together some of the most inspirational quotes from prominent Nobel Prize winners who bear distinction in various fields, from physics and medicine to literature and peace activism. Scroll to the end to enjoy a beautiful slideshare of inspirational quotes, or keep reading for a short introduction to each of these Nobel Prize winners and the education they received… 1. Murray Gell-Mann (1929-) An American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1969 for his work on the theory of elementary particle, Murray Gell-Mann earned a bachelor's degree in physics from Yale University in 1948, and a PhD in physics from MIT in 1951. He was a visiting research professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign from 1952 to 1953, a visiting associate professor at Columbia University and an associate professor at the University of Chicago in 1954–55. 2. Frank Anthony Wilczek (1951-) An American physicist and mathematician born in Mineola, New York, in 1951, Frank Anthony Wilczek received his BSc in Mathematics from the University of Chicago in 1970, followed by a master’s degree and a PhD in physics at Princeton University . Wilczek holds the Herman Feshbach Professorship of Physics at MIT Center for Theoretical Physics. In 2004, along with colleagues David Gross and H. David Politzer, Wilczek received the Nobel Prize in Physics, for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction. 3. Linus Pauling (1901-1994) American chemist, peace activist and author, Linus Pauling made important advances in medical research and was one of the founders of the fields of molecular biology and quantum chemistry. He received his PhD in physical chemistry and mathematics physics from California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1925. He is the only person to have received two unshared Nobel Prizes: the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1954) and the Nobel Peace Prize (1962). 4. John Steinbeck (1902-1968) American novelist John Steinbeck is best-known for his Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath, which portrays the plight of migrant workers during the Great Depression. Steinbeck studied English Literature at Stanford University , but left without graduating in 1925. His most notable works include Of Mice and Men (1937), The Grapes of Wrath (1939) and East of Eden (1952). In 1962, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his “realistic and imaginative writing, combining as it does sympathetic humor and keen social perception." 5. Charles K. Kao (1933-) Chinese-born Charles Kuen Kao is known as the “father of fiber optic communications”. He obtained a BSc in electrical engineering in the UK at Woolwich Polytechnic (now the University of Greenwich ), going on to pursue research, and received a PhD in electrical engineering in 1965 from University College London (UCL) . He was Vice-Chancellor (President) of the Chinese University of Hong Kong from 1987 to 1996. Kao later spent a six-month sabbatical leave at Imperial College London ’s Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. In 2009, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his “groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication". 6. John Galsworthy (1867-1933) English novelist and playwright John Galsworthy won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1932 “for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga”, published between 1906 and 1921. He studied law at New College, University of Oxford , and was elected as an honorary fellow in 1926. Over the course of his lifetime, Galsworthy earned honorary degrees from the Universities of St Andrews (1922), Manchester (1927), Dublin (192	William Shakespeare (Character) - Quotes William Shakespeare (Character) Christopher Marlowe : What is the story? William Shakespeare : Well, there's this pirate. - In truth I have not written a word. Christopher Marlowe : I thought your play was for Burbage. William Shakespeare : This is a different one. Christopher Marlowe : A different one you haven't written? [after sex] William Shakespeare : Hmm? Viola De Lesseps : And that was only my first try. Lord Wessex : I cannot shed blood in her house, but I will cut your throat anon. Do you have a name? William Shakespeare : Christopher Marlowe, at your service. Viola de Lesseps : [as Thomas Kent] Tell me how you love her, Will. William Shakespeare : Like a sickness and its cure together. William Shakespeare : His name is Mercutio. Ned Alleyn : What's the name of the play? William Shakespeare : [prompting him] Go on! William Shakespeare : I'm done with theater. The playhouse is for dreamers. Look what the dream brought us. Viola De Lesseps : It was we ourselves did that. And for my life to come, I would not have it otherwise. Viola De Lesseps : I loved a writer and gave up the prize for a sonnet. William Shakespeare : I was the more deceived. Viola De Lesseps : Yes, you were deceived, for I did not know how much I loved you. [Saying their goodbyes] William Shakespeare : You will never age for me, nor fade, nor die. William Shakespeare : It is not a comedy I'm writing now. William Shakespeare : Love knows nothing of rank or river bank. William Shakespeare : Love denied blights the soul we owe to God. William Shakespeare : A broad river divides my lovers: family, duty, fate. As unchangeable as nature. William Shakespeare : You see? The comsumptives plot against me. "Will Shakespeare has a play, let us go and cough through it." William Shakespeare : A lowly player. Viola De Lesseps : Alas indeed, for I thought you the highest poet of my esteem and writer of plays that capture my heart. William Shakespeare : Oh - I am him too! [last lines] William Shakespeare : My story starts at sea, a perilous voyage to an unknown land. A shipwreck. The wild waters roar and heave. The brave vessel is dashed all to pieces. And all the helpless souls within her drowned. All save one. A lady. Whose soul is greater than the ocean, and her spirit stronger than the sea's embrace. Not for her a watery end, but a new life beginning on a stranger shore. It will be a love story. For she will be my heroine for all time. And her name will be Viola. William Shakespeare : Can you love a fool? William Shakespeare : Follow that boat! First Boatman : Right you are, guv'nor!... I know your face. Are you an actor? William Shakespeare : [oh God, here we go again] Yes. First Boatman : Yes, I've seen you in something. That one about a king. First Boatman : I had that Christopher Marlowe in my boat once. Viola De Lesseps : I have never undressed a man before. William Shakespeare : It is strange to me, too. Viola De Lesseps : You have never spoken so well of him before. William Shakespeare : He was not dead before. William Shakespeare : You still owe me for One Gentleman of Verona. William Shakespeare : My muse, as always, is Aphrodite. Philip Henslowe : Aphrodite Baggett, who does it behind the Dog and Crumpet? William Shakespeare : You, sir, are a gentleman. Ned Alleyn : And you, sir, are a Warwickshire shithouse. William Shakespeare : I have a wife, yes, and I cannot marry the daughter of Sir Robert De Lesseps. You needed no wife come from Stratford to tell you that, and yet, you let me come to your bed. Viola De Lesseps : Calf-love. I loved the writer and gave up the prize for a sonnet. Viola De Lesseps : It is a house of ill repute! William Shakespeare : It is, Thomas, but of good reputation. Come, there's no harm in a drink! Philip Henslowe : Will! Where is my play? Tell me you have it nearly done! Tell me you have it started. [desperately] "The Twilight Zone: The Bard (#4.18)" (1963) William Shakespeare : [In resp	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,701	Where on the human body would you locate the carpal bones?	Carpal bones \| Wrist bones Carpal bones \| Wrist bones Carpal bones Introduction: Bones of the wrist are called carpal bones. They are small bones, 8 in number that make synovial joints with each other and thus add to the mobility of human hand. The carpal bones are arranged in two rows: First (Proximal) Row: The first or proximal row is made of: (from radial to ulnar side) Scaphoid The second or distal row is made of: (from radial to ulnar side) Trapezium Carpal bones of Proximal row: Scaphoid: The scaphoid is the largest and the most lateral bone of the first row. Lunate: Named because of its deeply excavated form, the lunate lies between the scaphoid on the lateral side and the triquetral on the medial side. Triquetral (Cuneiform): This bone may be recognized by the small oval or circular facet for the pisiform on its anterior surface. The bone is placed obliquely, so that its surfaces cannot be accurately described as distal, proximal, etc. It is attached to Lunate on the lateral side and pisiform of the antero-medial side. Pisiform: About the size and shape of a large pea, the pisiform bone rests on the anterior surface of the triquetral, with which it articulates by an oval or circular facet on its dorsal aspect. Carpal Bones of Distal row: Trapezium: The trapezium is the most lateral bone of the distal row of the carpus. It may be readily recognized by the oval saddle-shaped facet on its distal surface for articulation with the metacarpal bone of the thumb. Trapezoid Bone: With the exception of the pisiform, the Trapezoid is the smallest of the carpal bones. Its rough anterior surface is small and pentagonal in outline. Capitate: This is the largest of the carpal bones. Its anterior surface is rough and rounded. The proximal portion of the bone forms the head, and is furnished with convex articular facets which fit into the hollows on the medial surface of the scaphoid and distal surface of the lunate. Hamate: The hamate can be readily distinguished by the hook-like process (hamulus) which projects from the distal and medial aspect of its anterior surface. The Carpus as a whole: When the carpal bones are articulated together they form a bony mass, the dorsal surface of which is convex from side to side. Anteriorly they present a grooved appearance, concave from side to side. This arrangement is further emphasized by the forward projection, on the medial side, of the pisiform and hamate, while laterally the tuberosity of the scaphoid and the ridge of the trapezius help to deepen the furrow by their elevation. To these four points the transverse carpal ligament is attached, which stretches across from side to side, and thus converts the furrow into a canal. Ossification of Carpal bones: At birth the carpus is entirely cartilaginous. Different bones of the carpus take different length of time to ossify. The following data shows the time taken by each bone to ossify. Capitate = 11 to 12 months Hamate = 12 to 14 months Triquetral = 3 years Lunate = 5 to 6 years Traprzium = 6 years Trapezoid = 6 to 7 years Pisiform = 10 to 12 years Share this page:	Radius Bone Definition, Diagram & Anatomy \| Body Maps Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close Radius The forearm contains two major bones. One is the ulna, and the other is the radius. In concert with each other, the two bones play a vital role in how the forearm rotates. The ulna primarily connects with the humerus at the elbow joint, while the radius primarily junctions with the carpal bones of the hand at the wrist joint. The two bones play only secondary roles at their opposing joints. The radius is the home for a few muscles' insertion points. The biceps originate near the shoulder joint and insert into the radial tuberosity on the upper part of the radius, near the elbow joint. Other muscle attachments include the supinator, the flexor digitorum superficialis, the flexor pollicis longus, the pronator quadratus, and many more tendons and ligaments. Due to the human instinct to break a fall by outstretching the arms, the radius is one of the more frequently fractured bones in the body. Also, dislocation issues with both the wrist and the elbow may arise.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,702	In which of Shakespeare's plays are the title character's last words 'the rest is silence'	Hamlet's Humor: The Wit of Shakespeare's Prince of Denmark Hamlet's Humor: The Wit of Shakespeare's Prince of Denmark From Hamlet, an ideal prince, and other essays in Shakesperean interpretation: Hamlet; Merchant of Venice; Othello; King Lear by Alexander W. Crawford. Boston R.G. Badger, 1916. One of the most outstanding characteristics of Hamlet is his subtle and persistent humor. It crops out at every turn, and indicates the essential soundness of his mind. Madness does not lie this way. Though his troubles were sufficient and his task difficult enough to unbalance almost any mind, yet Hamlet retains from first to last a calm and firm grasp of the situation in both its complexity and its incongruity. No character in all Shakespeare is more evenly balanced, and no mind more capable of seeing things in all their bearings. If Hamlet does not really go mad under his unparalleled griefs and burdens it is because under all circumstances his grim and tragic humor holds evenly the balance of his mind. In some of the most tragic moments of his career he has the sanity to play with his tormentors and with the sad conditions of his life. As Sir Herbert Tree has recently said: "But for humor he should go mad. Sanity is humor." 1 The same eminent critic asserts that, "If the quality of humor is important in comedy, it is, I venture to say, yet more important, in tragedy, whether it be in the tragedy of life or in the tragedy of the theatre." 2 With reference to this element of humor in the play of Hamlet Sir Herbert Tree says: "In Hamlet, for instance, the firmament of tragedy is made blacker by the jewels of humor with which it is bestarred. The first words Hamlet sighs forth are in the nature of a pun: "A little more than kin, and less than kind." The king proceeds: 'How is it that the clouds still hang on you?' 'Not so, my lord; I am too much in the sun,' says Hamlet, toying with grief. Again, after the ghost leaves, Hamlet in a tornado of passionate verbiage, gives way to humor. Then he proceeds to think too precisely on the event. But for his humor Hamlet would have killed the king in the first act." 3 In nearly all his references to the condition of affairs in Denmark, Hamlet indulges in a grim, satirical humor. His first meeting with Horatio furnishes opportunity. Directly after the warm greetings between the friends the following conversation takes place: Hamlet. But what is your affair in Elsinore? ... Horatio. My lord, I came to see your father's funeral. Hamlet. I pray thee, do not mock me, fellow-student; I think it was to see my mother's wedding. Horatio. Indeed, my lord, it follow'd hard upon. Hamlet. Thrift, thrift, Horatio! the funeral baked-meats Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables. (I. ii. 174-180.) Again, when Hamlet is swearing his friends to secrecy concerning the ghost, they hear the voice of the ghost beneath, saying, "Swear," and Hamlet remarks: "Ah, ha, boy! say'st thou so? art there, true-penny� Come on; you hear this fellow in the cellarage; Consent to swear." When, after shifting their ground, the ghost's voice is again heard, saying, "Swear," Hamlet says: "Well said, old mole! canst work i' the earth so fast? A worthy pioner!" (I. V. 148-163) After his play, The Mouse-trap, Hamlet feels so elated at the turn of events and his success in getting evidence of the king's guilt that he playfully suggests to Horatio that if all else failed him he might make a success of playing and get a share in a company: Hamlet. Would not this, sir, and a forest of feathers, � if the rest of my fortunes turn Turk with me, � with two Provincial roses on my razed shoes, get me a fellowship in a cry of players, sir? Hamlet. A whole one, I. For thou dost know, O Damon dear. This realm dismantled was Of Jove himself; and now reigns here A very, very � pajock. Horatio. You might have rhymed. (III. ii. 263-373). Even in his conversation with Ophelia there is a touch of Hamlet's ironical humor. He slanders himself, saying: "I could accuse me of such things that it were better my mother had not borne me." Then, after	All that glitters is not gold All that glitters is not gold William Shakespeare Quotes Home "All that glitters is not gold" - A Famous Quote by William Shakespeare This famous quote originated in the play by William Shakespeare - the actual word is 'Glisters' but over time this is commonly referred to as 'Glitters'. This section provides answers to the following questions about this famous Shakespeare quote: Who said that? Which play the quote come from? What was the name of the speaker? In which Act or Scene can the whole quote, or saying, be found? Shakespeare Quote - "All that glitters is not gold" Prince of Morocco: "All that glisters is not gold." The Merchant of Venice (Act II, Scene vii) Famous Shakespeare Quote Although set in different times many of the most famous quotes about life and love by William Shakespeare are still relevant today. Did you know that William Shakespeare is credited by the Oxford English Dictionary with the introduction of nearly 3,000 words into the language. It's no wonder that expressions from his works in literature, including the "All that glitters is not gold" quote, are an 'anonymous' part of the English language. Many people continue to use this "All that glitters is not gold" quote by William Shakespeare in famous quotes about life. "All that glitters is not gold" "All that glitters is not gold" Who said that? Which play did the quote come from? What was the name of the speaker? In which Act or Scene can the whole quote, or saying, be found? Short Famous Quotes about life from Famous Shakespeare Quotes All that glitters is not gold All that glitters is not gold - Famous Shakespeare Quote - Book - Speaker - Play - Line - Lines - Quote - Qoute - William Shakespeare - Act - Scene - Soliloquy - Origin - Saying - Name - Meaning - Quotation - Phrase - Book - Speaker - Play - Line - Lines - Book - Speaker - Play - Line - Lines - Quote - Qoute - William Shakespeare - Act - Scene - Soliloquy - Origin - Saying - Name - Meaning - Quotation - Phrase - Book - Speaker - Play - Line - Lines - All that glitters is not gold - Written By Linda Alchin	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,703	"The line ""That's not the Northern Lights, that's Manderley"" is said towards the end of which 1940 film?"	The Daphne du Maurier WEB Site - Dame Daphne du Maurier Thank you for visiting the Daphne du Maurier WEB Site. This Guestbook is provided to enable those interested in Daphne du Maurier and her works to add comments, messages and contributions.. Right now I am doing a research paper on Dapne Du Maurier,when I first started I didn't know anything about her. I didn't even know who she was .I just picked her name from the list.Now I know about her and what she accomplished .She seemed like a cool person.Iam glad I chose her.I know I'll get at least a decent grade.peace out!! Christine SOULFLY C/O 03 L.C baby, LA - Wednesday, February 20, 2002 at 18:42:19 (UTC) This is a reply to Edward, who has the project of being an estate agent selling Manderlay. There is a book called "Literary Houses - Ten Famous Houses in Fiction" by Rosalind Ashe. It includes ten chapters with each one describing a house from a well known novel such as Jay Gatsby's house in "The Great Gatsby" by F Scott Fitzgerald and Northhanger Abbey from Jane Austin's book of the same name. One of the chapters in the book is about Rebecca and includes drawings of the groud floor, the first floor, some of the rooms, the staircase and outside views of the house, the beech and the gates of Manderlay. The book is all pure make-believe of cause, but if you can get hold of a copy it would certainly give you some ideas for your project. The book was published by Facts on File Inc, New York in 1982, ISBN 0 87196 676 X. I hope this helps. Best wishes, Ann. Ann - Tuesday, February 19, 2002 at 23:05:17 (UTC) Can someone please get in touch with D du M's son and ask him if anyone has ever offered to make "My Cousin Rachel" into a movie. It should be done and that, I think ,is her best book. Does any one know of a production of that book that starred Geraldine Chaplin? Hania - Saturday, February 16, 2002 at 01:32:47 (UTC) I am trying to locate a short story by duMaurier about a murder without a motive. bob < bjones@rtj2.com > - Wednesday, February 13, 2002 at 18:59:08 (UTC) As always when a modern author undertakes to write a sequel to a classic novel, I wondered if Sally Beauman's "Rebecca's Tale" would be just one more book destined for the remaindered table. Guess what - it's WONDERFUL! And only adds to my love for and enjoyment of the original! Thank you, Ms. Beauman, for your wonderful work, one of the few sequels worth of the name! Christine < christinelehman@hotmail.com > - Tuesday, February 05, 2002 at 18:07:01 (UTC) I love Rebecca! One of the finest novels I have read. This novel has inspired me to continue with my passion for writing. Elizabeth - Monday, January 28, 2002 at 18:35:18 (UTC) hello everyone.I wonder if anyone could do me a favor? I'm working on my papers nowadays and my subject is about REBECCA .My deadline is coming but I even did nothing formally. please help me in any espect. could you give me any suggestion on how to choose a right topic to narrow down or send me any materials ? thank you very much. I am in great need of your help. kimberlery < kimberlery@263.net > - Saturday, January 26, 2002 at 17:04:18 (UTC) I am a big fan of Daphne du Maurier, if you haven't read all her books, and want a certain one. Email me and see if I have it for sale, I have quite a few! - Saturday, January 19, 2002 at 13:20:35 (UTC) oh yeah... the book is on Rebecca Dee - Monday, January 14, 2002 at 01:56:58 (UTC) Hi! I have only recently discovered Daphne du Maurier (last week). I've read 3 of her books (Jamaica Inn, My Cousin Rachel, and Rebecca) and I love them all. I was just wondering what other books of hers should I get next and what movie versions of her books are worth seeing? One other thing---where can I get a hold of any play versions of any of the books? Any one who has any answeres or just loves Daphne du Maurier---please e-mail me. Hester < hetchen99@cs.com > - Monday, January 07, 2002 at 18:26:57 (GMT) I feel reeeeally...stupid...writing this, but as amazed as I am by the poignant tale of "My Cousin Rachel", I don't understand the purpose of the v	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 12th October – The Questions 12th October – The Questions Specialist questions set by Waters Green Rams. General knowledge questions set by Church House, Bollington. All vetted by Harrington Academicals. SPECIALIST ROUNDS- 1. SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE 2. SCIENCE 5. TIME FOR THE KIDS 6. POLITICS ROUND ONE - SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE – News stories of the summer 1. Which actor, born Bernard Schwartz in 1925, died in September 2010? TONY CURTIS 2. In June, Princess Victoria married her former personal trainer Daniel Westling. Of which country is she a princess? SWEDEN 3. Which 74 year-old singing Dame received poor reviews when she appeared on a UK stage for the first time in 30 years at the London O2 in May? JULIE ANDREWS 4. What name was given to the tent city that was set up at the top of the San Jose pit shaft in Chile, where 33 miners were trapped? CAMP ESPERANZA (original Spanish name) or CAMP HOPE 5. Goodluck Jonathan became President of which country in May? NIGERIA 6. The Savile Enquiry finally delivered its findings on which event of 38 years ago? BLOODY SUNDAY (January 1972 in Derry) 7. Why was Mary Bale in the news in August? She was filmed on CCTV putting a CAT into a WHEELIE BIN in Coventry. 8. Which major New Zealand city was hit by an earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale? CHRISTCHURCH Supp 1 Which company, with its head-quarters in Windermere, was declared the UK’s best retailer by Which? Magazine? LAKELAND Supp 2 Why was Terry Jones of Gainesville, Florida in the news in September? He planned to BURN copies of the KORAN outside his church. ROUND TWO – SCIENCE 1. Which scientist was born in Shrewsbury in 1809 and died at Down House in Kent in 1882? CHARLES DARWIN 2. Which acid was traditionally known as Oil Of Vitriol or Spirit Of Vitriol? SULPHURIC ACID 3. Which heavenly body has moons called Charon, Nix and Hydra? PLUTO 4. William was in prison in 1770, when he invented the toothbrush. What was his surname, still famous in that field today? ADDIS 5. Besides the elephant, which other African mammal is a source of ivory? HIPPOPOTAMUS 6. An amalgam is a compound containing which metal? MERCURY 7. What name is given to a triangle with sides of unequal length? SCALENE 8. What does a Campbell-Stokes Recorder Record? SUNSHINE (not temperature) Supp 1 Scientist William Harvey (born 1578) is famous for his research into what? THE BLOOD (circulation etc.) Supp 2 What is the more common name for triatomic oxygen? OZONE ROUND THREE – SPORT 1. Tony McCoy finally won his first Grand National in 2010 on his 15th ride in the race. Which horse did he ride? DON’T PUSH IT 2. Name either of the 2008 Ryder Cup captains. PAUL AZINGER or NICK FALDO 3. Which sport would you be taking part in if you used a monkey climber, waggler and a plumb? ANGLING / COARSE FISHING 4. Which county won the 2010 County Cricket Championship? NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 5. Which team won the 2010 Rugby League Challenge Cup? WARRINGTON WOLVES ( bt. Leeds Rhinos 30-6 in the final). Accept WARRINGTON. 6. Where will the final race in the 2010 Formula One Series be held? YAS MARINA circuit in ABU DHABI (accept either) 7. According to Wikipedia, which English football ground has the widest pitch and boasts the tallest floodlights? EASTLANDS (home of Manchester City) 8. Which football club holds the record for the fewest wins in a season in the Premier League? DERBY COUNTY – in 2007/8, their record was Played 38, Won 1, Drawn 8, Lost 29. Supp 1 How many times did Alex Higgins win the World Snooker Championship? TWO Supp 2 Which Rugby Union club has made their Premiership debut in the 2010/11 season? EXETER (Chiefs) ROUND FOUR – GEOGRAPHY 1. Which Irish port was known as Kingstown from 1821, after a visit by George IV, until 1921? DUN LAOGHAIRE (pronounced DUNLEARY) 2. Between 1947 and gaining independence in 1971, by what name was the present-day country of Bangladesh known? EAST PAKISTAN 3. Name an African country that, in its normal English spelling, contains the letter Q. MOZAMBIQUE or EQUATORIAL GUINEA. 4. The islands of Hokkaido a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,704	Which veteran performer in rock music began his hit-making career in the mid 1960's with the Belfast quartet named 'Them'?	Influential Blues Performers Influential Blues Performers (Click on individual Musician's Biography section to visit Musician's Home Page) Throughout the history of music individual performers have had a major impact on the music scene. These influential/notable musicians have left their mark by expanding the envelope of their respective genres, either through technical proficiency, experimentation/exploration, or persona. The following list of notable/influential blues musicians is by no means complete. The influential blues performers listed are those that readily came to mind, and any additions to the list can be sent using the link at the bottom of the page. The individual home pages for the musicians listed can be reached by clicking on their name in the bio section. Taj Mahal - T-Bone Walker - Teenie Hodges - Tinsley Ellis - Tommy Castro - Tommy McClennan - Willie Brown - Willie Dixon - Z. Z.Hill Albert Collins - Born Oct. 1, 1932, Leona, Texas, died Nov. 24, 1993, Las Vegas, Nev. Albert Collins was a passionate instrumentalist and singer who became known as the "Master of the Telecaster" for the distinctively pure "icy" tone he produced from his Fender Telecaster electric guitar. Collins learned piano and guitar as a teenager in Houston, Texas, and played in local clubs as a band musician and pickup guitarist for other performers. ' Artist Discography ' Albert King - (April 25, 1923 – December 21, 1992) was an American blues guitarist and singer. One of the "Three Kings of the Blues Guitar" (along with B.B. King and Freddie King), he stood at least 6' 4" (192 cm), weighed in at least 260 lbs (118 kg) and was known as "The Velvet Bulldozer". He was born Albert Nelson on a cotton plantation in Indianola, Mississippi. During his childhood he would sing at a family gospel group at a church. He began his professional work as a musician with a group called In The Groove Boys, in Osceola, Arkansas. He also briefly played drums for Jimmy Reed's band and on several early Reed recordings. Influenced by Blues musicians Blind Lemon Jefferson and Lonnie Johnson, but also interestingly Hawaiian music, the electric guitar became his signature instrument, his preference being the Gibson Flying V, which he named "Lucy". King was a left-handed "upside-down/backwards" guitarist. He was left-handed, but usually played right-handed guitars flipped over upside-down so the low E string was on the bottom. In later years he played a custom-made guitar that was basically left-handed, but had the strings reversed (as he was used to playing). He also used very unorthodox tunings (i.e., tuning as low as C to allow him to make sweeping string bends). A "less is more" type blues player, he was known for his expressive "bending" of notes, a technique characteristic of blues guitarists. ' Artist Discography ' Alvin "Youngblood" Hart - born 2 March 1963, is an American musician. Though born in Oakland, California, Hart had family connections with Carroll County, Mississippi, and spent time there in his childhood, hearing his relatives stories of Charlie Patton, "being around these people who were there when this music was going on". Thus influenced by the country blues, Hart is known as one of the world's foremost practitioners of that genre. Hart is also known as a faithful torchbearer for the 1960s and 1970s guitar rock of his youth, as well as Western Swing and vintage country. His music has been compared to a list of diverse artists ranging from Leadbelly, Spade Cooley to Led Zeppelin and Thin Lizzy. Hart plays acoustic and electric guitar as well as banjo and sometimes the mandolin. Bluesman Taj Mahal once said about Hart that "The boy has got thunder in his hands." Hart himself said "I guess my big break came when I opened for Taj Mahal for four nights at Yoshi's. In 1996 he made a powerful and individual album debut, Big Mama's Door, playing street, slide and standard guitars and banjo on a mixture of dug-up and new-grown blues. In 2003, Hart's album Down in the Alley was nominated for a Grammy Award for	Index-a The live album Beauty and the Beat featured pianist George Shearring and which singer? Peggy Lee Whose band was the Tijuana Brass? Herb Alpert Who were Cliff Richard's backing group through the 60s? The Shadows Who were the famous backing singers on most of Elvis Presley's early hits? The Jordanaires The Stratocaster is a model of which guitar maker? Fender Which piano-playing singer's first hit was The Fat Man? Fats Domino Which American rock'n'roll star caused controversy when he married a young teenager? Jerry Lee Lewis Who made the highly rated 1959 jazz album Kind of Blue? Miles Davis Which iconic British female singer made the highly regarded album titled '(her first name) in Memphis' ? Dusty Springfield Whose band was the All Stars? Junior Walker (Jr Walker) Larry Adler played what instrument? Harmonica Whose childhood hit was Fingertips? Stevie Wonder Which guitar innovator and player has a range of Gibson Guitars named after him? Les Paul The founding brother members of the Kinks were Ray and Dave what? Davies What was Smokey Robinson's most famous band called? The Miracles Kenny Ball and his Jazzmen's 1962 hit was called March of the ... what? Siamese Children Who sang the hit theme song Rawhide? Frankie Laine John Mayall's band which helped launch Eric Clapton's career was called what? Bluesbreakers Rock Around the Clock was a hit for Bill Haley and his ... what? Comets Which comedy actor had a novelty hit with My Boomerang Won't Come Back? Charlie Drake Who sang with Serge Gainsbourg on the hit Je t'aime? Jane Birkin Colin Blunstone fronted which 1960s group? The Zombies What Eastenders star sang on the novelty hit Come Outside? Wendy Richard Jiles Perry (JP) Richardson Jr, who died in the same plane crash as Ritchie Valens and Buddy Holly was better known by what name?Big Bopper Which later-to-be-famous solo singer and guitarist toured as a member of the Beach Boys in the mid 60s? Glen Campbell Who had sang the hit song Little Old Wine Drinker Me? Dean Martin What famous 'two-fingered' jazz guitarist died in 1953? Django Reinhardt (Jean-Baptiste Reinhardt) What song, released to promote the film The Millionairess, featured its stars Peter Sellers and Sophia Loren? Goodness Gracious Me Who managed the Beatles' prior to his early death in 1967? Brian Epstein Whose nickname was a derived from the term satchel-mouth? Louis Armstrong (Satchmo) What's the name of the motorbiker who dies in the Shangri-Las' hit The Leader of the Pack? Jimmy Which singing-songwriting founder of the Flying Burrito Brothers died age 26, after which his body was 'stolen' by a friend and burnt in the Joshua Tree National Park? Gram Parsons Which American singer and entertainer was nicknamed Schnozzola, because of his large nose? Jimmy Durante Who wrote and had a hit with the instrumental Classical Gas? Mason Williams Who wrote Patsy Cline's hit Crazy? Willie Nelson What city hosted the Beatles as the resident band at the Kaiserkeller and Top Ten Club? Hamburg The Isley Brothers' hit was called Behind a ... what? Painted Smile 1950-60s record turntables commonly offered four speeds: 33, 45, 78, and what other? 16 (technically the speeds were 33⅓ and 16⅔ but record decks tended to show only the whole numbers) American DJ Robert Weston Smith was better known by what stage name? Wolfman Jack What ridiculously titled song was a hit in 1954 for Max Bygraves in the UK and the Four Lads in the USA? Gilly Gilly Ossenfeffer Katzenellen Bogen by the Sea Who had the 1965 instrumental hit Spanish Flea? Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass What was Emile Ford and the Checkmates' 1959 hit, supposedly the longest ever question in a UK No1 song title? What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For? Who singer-guitarist's backing band was The Bruvvers? Joe Brown Which Rolling Stones guitarist died in a swimming pool in 1969? Bri	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,705	In medicine, a spirograph is an instrument used for recording what?	Spirograph - definition of spirograph by The Free Dictionary Spirograph - definition of spirograph by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/spirograph An instrument for registering the depth and rapidity of respiratory movements. spi′ro·graph′ic adj. spi′ro·graph′i·cal·ly adv. spi·rog′ra·phy (spī-rŏg′rə-fē) n. spirograph (Medicine) med an instrument for recording the movements of breathing ˌspiroˈgraphic adj 1. spirograph - a measuring instrument for recording the depth and rapidity of breathing movements measuring device , measuring instrument , measuring system - instrument that shows the extent or amount or quantity or degree of something Translations spirographe Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Purchase of Medical items 50, Marks & Spencer Reliving the glory of the classic retro toy, the Spirograph. 50 YEARS AGO Spirograph and Etch-a-sketch are the two toys Jackie remembers the most. SAVILE GAME CONUNDRUM; Neighbour's puzzler over disgraced DJ board game Its strong design reminds us of the Spirograph toys that kept kids amused in the Seventies - another retro reminder from the Graphic Lounge look that makes us smile Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.	THE MONAURAL STETHOSCOPE Click on IMAGE to enlarge photos. Click on BLUE link to read articles. Assessing the sounds of the human body was reported in the ancient medical literature. Amongst the earliest known medical manuscripts are the medical papyruses of ancient Egypt dating to the seventeenth century B.C., which referred to audible signs of disease within the body. Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, advocated for the search of philosophical and practical instruments to improve medicine in 350 B.C. He discussed a procedure for shaking a patient by the shoulders (succussion) and listening for sounds evoked by the chest. Hippocrates also used the method of applying the ear directly to the chest and found it useful in order to detect the accumulation of fluid within the chest. In the sixteenth century, the renown surgeon Ambroise Pare noted that "if there is matter or other humors in the thorax, one can hear a noise like that of a half filled gurgling bottle." The distinguished scientist William Harvey, in his 1616 lecture on the structure and function of the heart, described the heart's motion as "two clacks of a water-bellows to rayse water" and noted that "with each movement of the heart, when there is delivery of a quantity of blood from the veins or arteries, a pulse takes place and can be heard within the chest." The French physician Jean-Nicolas Corvisart, who is considered the founder of French clinical medicine, was accustomed to placing his ear over the cardiac region of the chest to listen to the heart. Bayle and Double, who like Laennec were students of Corvisart, used the unaided ear to listen to the heart of their patients. Double suggested the regular use of this technique in his treatise on Semiologie published in early 1817, prior to the publication of Laennec's treatise on auscultation. He wrote "the ear should be brought against the thoracic wall" in order to appreciate the noises inside. Nevertheless, the evolution from listening with the unaided ear (immediate auscultation) to the aided ear (mediate auscultation) awaited Laennec's invention of the stethoscope. An engraving of a physician examining a patient by "immediate" ausculatation, in which the doctor placed his ear on the chest of the patient to hear the sounds made by the lungs during breathing.The print shows a group of phiscians, medical students and nurses observing the physician performing his exam. The print is entitled "A Visit to the Hospital" by the artist Luis Jimenez Aranda. It was copyrighted in 1894, and originally displayed at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. RENE LAENNEC: INVENTOR OF THE STETHOSCOPE The stethoscope was conceived in 1816 when a young French physician named Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec was examining a young female patient. Laennec was embarrassed to place his ear to her chest (Immediate Auscultation), which was the method of auscultation used by physicians at that time. He remembered a trick he learned as a child that sound travels through solids and thus he rolled up 24 sheets of paper, placed one end to his ear and the other end to the woman's chest. He was delighted to discover that the sounds were not only conveyed through the paper cone, but they were also loud and clear. The onset of Laennec's stethoscope research began in 1817 at the Necker hospital. The first published oberservation documenting auscultation using the stethoscope (Mediate Auscultation) was in March 8, 1817, when Laennec noted examining a 40 year old chambermaid, Marie-Melanie Basset. Laennec's research activities about mediate ausculatation were first brought to public attention with his consultation in June of 1817 for Mme de Stael, who was the daughter of the Neckers and an author who criticized the rise of Napoleon's empire. Her personal physician described Laennec's consultation: "Another well known doctor [Laennec], using a horn of paper, which he placed with one end on a part of the thorax and the other in his ear, believed he diagnosed a hydothorax, an could even hear a sort of undulation. One can well understand that I consid	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,706	The Latitude Festival of music, theatre and comedy is held annually in which county?	Latitude Festival Suffolk \| The Suffolk Byre Latitude Festival Suffolk May 18, 2013 Posted By admin 0 Are you looking for exciting music events in Suffolk? Want to enjoy a world class music festival on your doorstep? Latitude Festival is arguably the biggest date on the Suffolk music calendar. This Southwold based festival, held at Henham Park, has been running since 2006 and now attracts in the region of 30,000 revellers. Unlike some other British festivals, Suffolk’s Latitude features not only music but also a mix of theatre, art, comedy, cabaret, poetry, politics and literature. The Festival attracts all ages with young families partying alongside students and the students alongside the silver surfer generation. This eclectic mix of ages and art forms is what marks Latitude out from other festivals. Organisers aim to create a relaxed atmosphere on site, ideal for switching off to the sound of the best that the modern music and the arts has to offer. The 2013 event has attracted the likes of Bloc Party, Kraftwerk, Booby Womack and Eddie Izzard along with a host of other performers. Suffolk’s stunning Henham Park is once again providing the backdrop for this ever-popular festival proving that Suffolk really does have so much to offer. The Park was originally a hunting park, and is currently owned by Keith Rous, the 6th Earl of Stradbroke, aka “The Aussie Earl”. Book Online Find us on Facebook ~ Follow us on Twitter For bookings and enquiries email: thesuffolkbyre@gmail.com About The Suffolk Byre The property was once home for cattle owned by the local farm, and this is why we decided to rename it The Byre. The barns were established in the early 1800's. We bought the land and the barns in 1990 and have been working on it since, to make it the beautiful home it is now. Location Perfectly situated within easy reach of Beccles our main town, and close to the coastline of Southwold and Lowestoft, The Byre is a great base for your stay in the tranquil Suffolk countryside. The local area Suffolk is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south. Beccles is an historic market town that boasts a variety of natural amenities, including the river Waveney.	1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? 3. Will Young has been invited to take part in which panel show after saying he is a fan? 4. Nasty Nick Cotton is to return to which TV soap? 5. Which author earns £3m a week in royalties, it was revealed this week? 6. Which band release the album Dig Out Your Soul on Monday? 7. In which year was a World Cup final first decided on penalties? 8. What is the tallest and thickest kind of grass? 9. Which TV cast had a hit with Hi-Fidelity? 10. What nationality was the composer Handel? 11. What is most expensive property in the board game Monopoly? 12. Which Scandinavian group had a top 20 hit in 1993 called Dark Is The Night? 13. In which century was King Henry IV of England born? 14. Who directed the film Alien? 15. Who was the only person to win a medal for Ireland at the Sydney Olympics in 2000? 16. What did Nicholas Copernicus argue was at the centre of our universe, and what was the common belief before then? 17. Which three American states begin with the letter O? 18. In what year did Ruth Ellis become the last woman to be hanged in England? 19. Who was the first British monarch to choose Buckingham Palace as their home? 20. How many Jack’s eyes are visible in a standard pack of playing cards? 21. What is Britain’s largest lake? 22. Cameroon gained its independence from which European country in 1960? 23. Who had a number one in 1960 called Only The Lonely? 24. The 1964 film My Fair Lady was based on a play by whom? 25. Which of the Bronte sisters wrote the novels Agnes Gray and The Tenant Of Wildfell Hall? 26. Which American president once famously proclaimed: “Ich bin ein Berliner”? 27. Which element has the chemical symbol Pb? 28. What was the name of the murder victim at the beginning of the TV series Twin Peaks? 29. Who directed the 2001 film Mulholland Drive? 30. In horse racing, which three racecourses stage the five English classics? ANSWERS: 1. Rick Astley; 2. Othello; 3. Question Time; 4. Eastenders; 5. JK Rowling; 6. Oasis; 7. 1994; 8. Bamboo; 9. The Kids From Fame; 10. German; 11. Mayfair; 12. A-Ha; 13. 14th; 14. Ridley Scott; 15. Sonia O’Sullivan; 16. The Sun. Before then people believed it was the Earth; 17. Ohio, Oklahoma and Oregon; 18. 1955; 19. Queen Victoria; 20. 12; 21. Loch Lomond; 22. France; 23. Roy Orbison; 24. George Bernard Shaw; 25. Anne; 26. John F. Kennedy; 27. Lead; 28. Laura Palmer; 29. David Lynch; 30. Doncaster, Epsom, Newmarket Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,707	In which castle was Charles I imprisoned from 1647 to 1648?	Posted in Castles , Historical articles , History , Politics , Royalty , War on Wednesday, 26 February 2014 Click on any image for details about licensing for commercial or personal use. This edited article about Charles I and Carisbrooke Castle first appeared in Look and Learn issue number 571 published on 23 December 1972. Charles I imprisoned in Carisbrook Castle It was late afternoon on November 11th, 1647. The wind howled round the walls of Hampton Court Palace and the driving rain lashed against the windows. In one of the upper rooms, King Charles the First paced up and down impatiently. All the arrangements had been made. All he had to do now was to wait for night to fall. King Charles had reigned for 23 years. He had been an extravagant and obstinate King. He had quarrelled with his Parliament, dismissed them, and governed without one for eleven years. This had been one of the reasons for the first Civil War, a war which had ended with King Charles surrendering to the Scots. They had handed him over to the English Parliament who had imprisoned him. Then a new dispute had flared up, this time between Parliament and the Army. The Army had seized King Charles and put him in this new prison at Hampton Court. Now the King had heard new rumours. He was to be murdered. He went to the windows and pulled back the curtain. It was now dark outside. Quickly he drew his cloak round him and slipped from the room. The back staircase was unguarded. He made his way down this and out into the night. Loyal friends and horses were waiting for him. They dug their spurs into their horses and galloped south. Twenty-four hours later they arrived at Titchfield on Southampton water. Beyond was the Solent and the Isle of Wight. Word was sent secretly to Colonel Hammond, Governor of the Isle of Wight. King Charles knew that he might be sympathetic and asked for no more than to be allowed to stay in the comparative safety of the island while he negotiated with Parliament. Colonel Hammond agreed and he came in the boat to escort King Charles across to the island. They stayed that night at Cowes Castle. Next morning they travelled inland to the sprawling fortifications of Carisbrooke Castle, the Governor’s home. Within a few hours, the party was clattering over the bridge that led across the dried-up moat into Carisbrooke Castle. King Charles thought that at last he had found a temporary refuge. He did not realise that he was riding into his own prison. King Charles and his servants quickly settled in. Colonel Hammond appeared friendly. But Charles made a mistake, one of the many errors that he had committed during his reign. He secretly entered into an alliance with Scotland and at the same time he rejected the proposals that the English Parliament had sent to him. In doing so, he left Parliament and the Army no choice but to join forces again. And he also lost the loyalty of Colonel Hammond. Orders were quickly despatched from London. Colonel Hammond put them into effect immediately. All except a few of Charles’ servants were dismissed and the heavy wooden gates to the inner part of the castle were shut. A heavy guard was placed about the castle. King Charles was once again a prisoner. Still further arrangements were made. Two guards were constantly with the King. They even slept outside his room with their beds one against each door and it was impossible for King Charles to leave his room at night without waking one of them. But King Charles still had a loyal and ingenious servant in his service. This was Henry Firebrace, a young man of 28 who was devoted to the King. Firebrace struck up a friendship with one of the guards. Eventually he offered to take over the guard’s duties for a while each night while the man went to have his supper. Firebrace was now able to whisper to the King through the door and pass messages to him. More often than not these concerned ways and means of escape. Firebrace had noticed that the courtyard beneath the King’s window was not very frequently patrolled at night. He managed to smuggle a length of rope to the	King Charles I executed for treason - Jan 30, 1649 - HISTORY.com King Charles I executed for treason Share this: King Charles I executed for treason Author King Charles I executed for treason URL A+E Networks In London, King Charles I is beheaded for treason on January 30, 1649. Charles ascended to the English throne in 1625 following the death of his father, King James I. In the first year of his reign, Charles offended his Protestant subjects by marrying Henrietta Maria, a Catholic French princess. He later responded to political opposition to his rule by dissolving Parliament on several occasions and in 1629 decided to rule entirely without Parliament. In 1642, the bitter struggle between king and Parliament for supremacy led to the outbreak of the first English civil war. The Parliamentarians were led by Oliver Cromwell, whose formidable Ironsides force won an important victory against the king’s Royalist forces at Marston Moor in 1644 and at Naseby in 1645. As a leader of the New Model Army in the second English civil war, Cromwell helped repel the Royalist invasion of Scotland, and in 1646 Charles surrendered to a Scottish army. In 1648, Charles was forced to appear before a high court controlled by his enemies, where he was convicted of treason and sentenced to death. Early in the next year, he was beheaded. The monarchy was abolished, and Cromwell assumed control of the new English Commonwealth. In 1658, Cromwell died and was succeeded by his eldest son, Richard, who was forced to flee to France in the next year with the restoration of the monarchy and the crowning of Charles II, the son of Charles I. Oliver Cromwell was posthumously convicted of treason, and his body was disinterred from its tomb in Westminster Abbey and hanged from the gallows at Tyburn. Related Videos	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,708	"Berlin's song ""Take my Breath away"" came from which film'?"	Berlin - Take My Breathe Away theme from Top Gun with Lyrics - YouTube Berlin - Take My Breathe Away theme from Top Gun with Lyrics Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Dec 22, 2011 Berlin - Take My Breathe Away theme from Top Gun with Lyrics Category	Irving Berlin's "God Bless America" To the right with a light from above Make her victorious on on land and foam God Bless America ,my home sweet home It is obvious that the word 'right' had to be changed [...] In 1938 there was a right and a left and it had a different significance. So in changing it the song was improved when I said 'stand beside her and guide her through the night with a light from above.'" (Kimball/Emmet, p. 322) He also cut out the line “make her victorious...” because he wanted it to be a “peace song”, not a war song. The introductory verse was written in 1938 (see Barrett, p. 172). In find no reference that it had been part of the original song: While the storm clouds gather far across the sea, Let us swear allegiance to a land that's free, Let us all be grateful for a land so fair, As we raise our voices in a solemn prayer. God bless America, land that I love Stand beside her and guide her Through the night with the light from above From the mountains, To the prairies, To the ocean white with foam God bless America, My home sweet home A song “God Bless America” had been written by Robert Bird Montgomery in 1834: God bless the land that gave us birth! No pray'r but this know we. God bless the land, of all the earth, The happy and the free. And where's the land like ours can brave The splendor of the day. And find no son of hers a slave? God bless America! God bless the land that gave us birth. God bless America! Another precursor was “ The Colored Volunteers ” (ca. 1860s), a song about the black soldiers fighting for their freedom: Give us a flag all free without a slave, We will fight to defend it as our fathers did so brave Onward boys, onward, it's the year of jubilee, God bless America, the land of liberty. But Berlin’s “God Bless America” had an even more important personal background. “It’s title had been inspired by Berlin’s mother who, despite their poverty as Berlin was growing up, would frequently murmur, ‘God Bless America.’ ‘And not casually,’ Berlin recalled, ‘but with emotion which was almost exaltation’ (Furia, p. 192) That is what the song is all about: gratitude for America as the country that gave a persecuted minority a new home. He is stating the difference between living in a "land that's free" - no matter how hard it is - and living under a despotic regime. His family had suffered from anti-Semite pogroms in Russia (NYT, 28.7.1940, see Jablonski, p. 3ff) and he “has never forgotten that he is the son of a poor rabbi [sic! i.e. cantor] who found a refuge for himself and his family in America” (NY Times, 20.8.1944). The words “God Bless America” won added poignancy in 1938 against the background of massive anti-Semitism in Germany. It had been only a couple of months since Hitler had overtaken Austria and started a new wave of pogroms that were widely reported in American newspapers (MacGregor Burns/Dunn, p. 407/8). The modern use of the phrase “God Bless America” obviously started with Berlin’s song. Checking the archives of the New York Times I found only 18 records for the years from 1851 to 1937. Most of them were simple expressions of gratitude for America by non-Americans with no theological or nationalistic background and that’s exactly the way Mrs. Baline and then Irving Berlin himself used it. Only since November 1938 it occurs regularly, at first mostly referring to that song. So in some way everyone who says “God Bless America” today is - often unknowingly - using the words of an immigrant mother, one of those courageous women who with her husband and children made the long trip to America in search of a better future. Irving Berlin regularly built his songs about catchphrases from everyday speech and this is no exception. “Home Sweet Home” refers to the most famous home song of the 19th century by John Howard Payne and Henry Bishop, a song especially popular during the Civil War. The line “be it ever so humble, there’s no place like home” was surely resonating in the background of “God Bless America” at that time. Mid Pleasures and palaces though I may roa	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,709	Including the sacred law of the pack, cub scouting borrows many of it's themes from what Rudyard Kipling novel?	Rudyard Kipling Rudyard Kipling 18 January 1936 (aged 70) London, England Short-story writer, novelist, poet, journalist Nationality Short story, novel, children’s literature, poetry, travel literature, science fiction Notable works Caroline Starr Balestier ( m. 1892) (1862-1939) Children 3, including Elsie Bambridge and John Kipling Signature Joseph Rudyard Kipling ( , ; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) [1] was an English journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist. Kipling’s works of fiction include The Jungle Book (1894), Kim (1901), and many short stories, including “ The Man Who Would Be King ” (1888). [2] His poems include “ Mandalay ” (1890), “ Gunga Din ” (1890), “ The Gods of the Copybook Headings ” (1919), “ The White Man’s Burden ” (1899), and “ If— ” (1910). He is regarded as a major innovator in the art of the short story; [3] his children’s books are classics of children’s literature; and one critic described his work as exhibiting “a versatile and luminous narrative gift”. [4] [5] Kipling was one of the most popular writers in the United Kingdom, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [3] Henry James said: “Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius, as distinct from fine intelligence, that I have ever known.” [3] In 1907, at the age of 42, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature , making him the first English-language writer to receive the prize, and its youngest recipient to date. [6] He was also sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and on several occasions for a knighthood , both of which he declined. [7] Kipling’s subsequent reputation has changed according to the political and social climate of the age [8] [9] and the resulting contrasting views about him continued for much of the 20th century. [10] [11] George Orwell called him a “prophet of British imperialism “. [12] Literary critic Douglas Kerr wrote: “[Kipling] is still an author who can inspire passionate disagreement and his place in literary and cultural history is far from settled. But as the age of the European empires recedes, he is recognised as an incomparable, if controversial, interpreter of how empire was experienced. That, and an increasing recognition of his extraordinary narrative gifts, make him a force to be reckoned with.” [13] Contents Malabar Point , Bombay, 1865. Rudyard Kipling was born on 30 December 1865 in Bombay , in the Bombay Presidency of British India , to Alice Kipling (née MacDonald) and John Lockwood Kipling . [14] Alice (one of four remarkable sisters) [15] was a vivacious woman [16] about whom Lord Dufferin would say, “Dullness and Mrs. Kipling cannot exist in the same room.” [3] [17] [18] Lockwood Kipling, a sculptor and pottery designer, was the Principal and Professor of Architectural Sculpture at the newly founded Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art in Bombay. [16] John Lockwood and Alice had met in 1863 and courted at Rudyard Lake in Rudyard, Staffordshire , England. They married, and moved to India in 1865. They had been so moved by the beauty of the Rudyard Lake area that when their first child was born they referenced it when naming him. Alice’s sister Georgiana was married to painter Edward Burne-Jones , and her sister Agnes was married to painter Edward Poynter . Kipling’s most famous relative was his first cousin, Stanley Baldwin , who was Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times in the 1920s and 1930s. [19] Kipling’s birth home still stands on the campus of the J J School of Art in Bombay and for many years was used as the Dean’s residence. [20] Although the cottage bears a plaque stating that this is the site where Kipling was born, the original cottage may have been torn down decades ago and a new one built in its place. [21] Some historians and conservationists are also of the view that the bungalow merely marks a site close to the home of his birth, as the bungalow was built in 1882, about 15 years after Kipling’s birth. Kipling seems to have also said so to the dean when he visited JJ School in th	The Jungle Book : Rudyard Kipling : 9781481945981 The Jungle Book By (author) Rudyard Kipling , Edited by Richard S Hartmetz Share Add to basket Add to wishlist Description Rudyard Kipling's classic tale of Mowgli, the boy raised by wolves in the jungles of India. Mowgli is taught the language and laws of the jungle, with help from Baloo, the bear and Bagheera, the panther. He also has to deal with enemies such as Shere Khan, the tiger and Kaa, the snake. Also included in this book are other classic stories, such as "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi," the heroic mongoose. Join us for the original, timeless adventure. show more Product details 152.4 x 228.6 x 12.45mm \| 385.55g Publication date Classics About Rudyard Kipling Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born on December 30, 1865 in Bombay, India. He was one of the most famous writers in Great Britain, and was known for his great intelligence, being the first English-language writer and youngest recipient ever to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1907. He and his younger sister, Alice were sent to live in a boarding house with a family named Holloway from 1871 to 1877, and experienced cruelty and neglect. In 1878, Kipling was sent to United Services College to prepare him for the British Army. That didn't work out however, and his father got him a job in Pakistan at a local newspaper, taking nearly a month by ship. Working at the newspaper awakened his writing talents and he began to publish at an amazing pace. In 1889, he was dismissed from the paper and traveled the United States for seven months, ending up in London, where he published his first novel. In 1891, he left to travel the world. Just before returning, he proposed to Caroline Starr Balestier by telegram and they were married on January 18, 1892, in London. They settled in Vermont, where he wrote the two Jungle Books. He became friends with Mark Twain, Arthur Conan Doyle and many others, but still managed to live a fairly private life. In 1896, his wife's brother became violent toward him, and the case drew unwanted publicity, causing the Kiplings to return to England. He encouraged his son to enlist in the British Army during World War I, but he was killed by an exploding shell upon his arrival in France. After that incident, he kept writing, but at a much slower pace, dying of a perforated ulcer on January 18, 1936, in London, at the age of 70. show more Follow us	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,710	Sinhalese (or Singhalese) is the language and people originating in north India now largely populating which country?	Sinhalese people - Unionpedia, the concept map Yes, please No, thanks Sinhalese people The Sinhalese (Sinhala: සිංහල ජාතිය Sinhala Jathiya) are an ethnic group native to the island of Sri Lanka. [1] Adam's Bridge Adam's Bridge (Tamil: ஆதாம் பாலம்), also known as Rama's Bridge or Rama Setu (Tamil: இராமர் பாலம், Sanskrit: रामसेतु), is a chain of limestone shoals, between Pamban Island, also known as Rameswaram Island, off the southeastern coast of Tamil Nadu, India, and Mannar Island, off the northwestern coast of Sri Lanka. Chutney Chutney (Hindi/ Nepali - "चटनी" also transliterated chatney or chatni, چٽڻي) is a side dish in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent that can vary from a tomato relish to a ground peanut garnish or a yoghurt, cucumber and mint dip, whereas in an offshoot that took root in Anglo-Indian cuisine, is usually a tart fruit such as sharp apples, rhubarb or damson pickle made milder by an equal weight of (usually demerera or brown sugar) and vinegar that traditionally aims to give a long shelf life so that fall fruit can be preserved for use throughout the year, as are jams, jellies and pickles, or else to be sold as a commercial product. D. B. Nihalsinghe o Dr.Diongu Badaturuge Nihalsingha (known as D. B. Nihalsinghe) is a person in film and television in Sri Lanka- with a respected reputation in both film and television being one of the most senior Sri Lankan film directors and film industry pioneers with over 50 years of distinguished service to both industries. Dutch language Dutch is a West Germanic language that is spoken in the European Union by about 23 million people as a first language—including most of the population of the Netherlands and about sixty percent of that of Belgium—and by another 5 million as a second language. East India East India (পূর্ব ভারত, पूर्व भारत, पूर्वी भारत, ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତ, مشرقی بھارت) is a region of India consisting of the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and also the union territory Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Gamini Dissanayake Lionel Gamini Dissanayake (Sinhala:ලයනල් ගාමිණි දිසානායක Tamil:காமினி திஸாநாயக்க) (20 March 1942 – 24 October 1994) was a prominent Sri Lankan politician,a powerful minister of the United National Party, the presidential candidate of Sri Lanka and Leader of the Opposition. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (formerly Harvard School of Public Health, as HSPH; now also referred to the Harvard Chan School, The T.H. Chan School, The T.H. Chan School of Public Health, or still simply The Chan School of Public Health) is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts neighborhood of Mission Hill, which is next to Harvard Medical School. Lalith Athulathmudali Lalith William Samarasekera Athulathmudali (Sinhala:ලලිත් ඇතුලත්මුදලි; 26 November 1936 – 23 April 1993) known as Lalith Athulathmudali was a prominent Sri Lankan politician of the United National Party and former Cabinet Minister of Trade, National Security, Agriculture, Education and deputy minister of defence. Meditation Meditation is a practice in which an individual trains the mind or induces a mode of consciousness, either to realize some benefit or for the mind to simply acknowledge its content without becoming identified with that content, or as an end in itself. Middle East The Middle EastArabic: الشرق الأوسط,; Armenian: Միջին Արևելք, Merdzavor Arevelk’; Azerbaijani: Orta Şərq; French: Moyen-Orient; Georgian: ახლო აღმოსავლეთი, akhlo aghmosavleti; Greek: Μέση Ανατολή, Mési Anatolí; Hebrew: המזרח התיכון, Ha'Mizrah Ha'Tihon; Kurdish: Rojhilata Navîn; Persian: خاورمیانه, khāvar-miyāneh; Somali: Bariga Dhexe; Soranî Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, rrojhellatî nayn; Turkish: Orta Doğu; Urdu: مشرق وسطی, hashrq vsty (also called the Mid East) is a eurocentric description of a region centered on Western Asia and Egypt. New York metropolitan area The New York metropolitan area includes the most populous city in the United States (New York City); co	Sami - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore, Religion, Major holidays, Rites of passage Sami LOCATION: Norway; Sweden; Finland; Russia POPULATION: About 50,000 LANGUAGE: Sami language in many dialects; also language of country in which they live RELIGION: Lutheran Church 1 • INTRODUCTION While the Sami, or Lapps (as they were formerly called), are commonly thought of as the inhabitants of Lapland, they have never had a country of their own. They are the original inhabitants of northern Scandinavia and most of Finland. Their neighbors have called them Lapps, but they prefer to be called Samer or Sami , since Lapp means a patch of cloth for mending and was a name imposed on them by the people who settled on their lands. The Sami refer to their land as Sapmi or Same. The Sami first appear in written history in the works of the Roman author Tacitus in about AD 98. Nearly 900 years later, a Norwegian chieftain visiting King Alfred the Great of England spoke of these reindeer herders, who were paying taxes to him in the form of furs, feathers, and whale bones. Over the centuries many armed nations—including the Karelians, Swedes, Danes, Finns, and Russians—demanded their loyalty and taxes. In some cases, the Sami had to pay taxes to two or three governments—as well as fines imposed by one country for paying taxes to another! Today the Sami are citizens of the countries within whose borders they live, with full rights to education, social services, religious freedom, and participation in the political process. Norway, Sweden, and Finland all have Sami parliaments. At the same time, however, the Sami continue to preserve and defend their ethnic identity and traditional cultural values. Until the liberalization instituted by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's government in the late 1980s, the Russian Sami had almost no contact with those in other areas. Sami living in Scandinavia formed the Nordic Sami Council in 1956 to promote cooperation between their populations in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. In 1973 the Nordic Sami Institute at Kautokeino, Norway, was founded to promote the study of the Sami language and culture. In 1989, a Sami College was established there as well. The universities of Tromsø in Norway, Umla in Sweden, and Oulu in Finland have Sami departments in which Sami topics are taught, both separately and as part of established disciplines. 2 • LOCATION The Sami live in tundra (arctic or subarctic treeless plain), taiga (subarctic forest), and coastal zones in the far north of Europe, spread out over four different countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia's Kola peninsula. They live on coasts and islands warmed by the Gulf Stream, on plateaus dotted by lakes and streams, and on forested mountains. Sami territory lies at latitudes above 62 degrees north, and much of it is above the Arctic Circle, with dark, cold winters and warm, light summers. It is often called the "land of the midnight sun" because depending on the latitude, the sun may be visible for up to seventy days and nights straight in the summer. The far north sees almost three months of continuous daylight. Balancing this out, however, is an equally long period of darkness in the winter, which may last from October to March. Beginning in November, the sun disappears for weeks. Much of the Samis' land is at high altitudes, rising to over 6,000 feet (1,800 meters) above sea level. The highest point is Kebnekajse, at 6,960 feet (2,121 meters). Traditionally, the Sami lived in a community of families called a siida , whose members cooperated in hunting, trapping, and fishing. Officially, the number of Sami is estimated at between 44,000 and 50,000 people. An estimated 3	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,711	"Which of America's ""Great Lakes"" has the smallest surface area?"	Mysteries of the Great Lakes Contains 2,900 cu mi (12,100 cu km) of water – the equivalent of 3 quadrillion (3,000,000,000,000,000) gallons. Is large enough to have room for every man, woman, and child on Earth to spread out a 12’ x 12’ picnic blanket on its surface if entirely frozen (which has happened only twice in recorded history). Is the final resting place for 350 ship wrecks. Lake Michigan Is the only Great Lake that is located entirely within the United States. Is bounded, from west to east, by the U.S. states of Wisconsin , Illinois , Indiana , and Michigan . Is the largest freshwater lake in the US, and the largest lake entirely within one country by surface area, and the fifth largest lake in the world. Has a surface area of 22,400 square miles (58,016 km) Is 307 miles (494 km) long by 118 miles (190 km) wide with a shoreline 1,640 miles (2,633 km) long. Has an average depth of 279 feet (85 m), while its greatest depth is 923 feet (281 m). Contains a volume of 1,180 cubic miles (4,918 cubic km) of water. Provides drinking water for the 1.7 million residents of Chicago, Illinois - the second most-populated city in the United States. Lake Huron Is the second largest of the Great Lakes. Contains the largest island in any freshwater lake on Earth - Manitoulin Island. Is bounded on the west by the state of Michigan and on the east by the province of Ontario . Has a surface area of 23,010 square miles (59,596 km) making it the third largest freshwater lake on Earth. Contains a volume of 850 cubic miles (3,540 km), and a shoreline length of 3,827 miles (6,157 km). Is 577 feet (176 m) above sea level . Has an average depth of 195 feet (59 m), while the maximum depth is 750 feet (229 m). Is 206 miles (332 km) in length and 183 miles (245 km) in breadth. Lake Erie Is the tenth largest lake on Earth and is the fourth largest by surface area , the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes Is bounded on the north by Ontario , on the south by the U.S. states of Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York , and on the west by the state of Michigan . Has an elevation of 571 feet (174 m) above sea level. Has a surface area of 9,940 square miles (25,745 km) with a length of 241 miles (388 km) and breadth of 57 miles (92 km) at its widest points. Is the shallowest of the Great Lakes with an average depth of 62 feet (19 m) and with a maximum depth of 210 feet (64 m). The western section of Lake Erie, comprising one-fourth of the area, is shallower with an average depth of 42 feet (13 m) and a maximum depth of 62 feet (19 m) Is home to Point Pelee National Park, which is the southernmost point of Canada's mainland. Produces more fish each year for human consumption than the other four Great Lakes combined. Lake Ontario Is bounded on the north by Ontario and on the south by Ontario's Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, U.S. Is the eastern-most and smallest in surface area (7,540 square miles, 19,529 km) of the Great Lakes Exceeds Lake Erie in volume (393 cubic miles, 1639 km ). Is the 14th largest lake in the world and has a shoreline 712 miles (1146 km) long. Has an elevation of 246 feet (75 m) above sea level. Is 193 miles (311 km) in length, and 53 miles (85 km) in breadth The average depth of Lake Ontario is 283 feet (86 m), with a maximum depth of 802 feet (244 m). Is named for the Iroquois word “ontara” which means "lake," with “Ontario” translated as "beautiful lake.” Provides drinking water for the 2.5 million residents of Toronto, the capital city of the province of Ontario, and Canada’s most-populated city. Fresh Water Supply and Usage One in every three Canadians and one in every seven Americans rely on the Great Lakes for their freshwater In total, freshwater is estimated to contribute up to $23 billion annually to the Canadian economy, Environment Canada says. Between 1972 and 1991, Canada's withdrawal of freshwater resources increased from 24 billion cubic metres per year to over 45 billion cubic metres per year – a rise of 80%: in the same period, the population increased only 3% Less than 3	10 Largest Lakes In The World - 10 Most Today 10 Largest Lakes In The World 1 Comment This is a list of the world’s largest lakes by area (you can also take a look at the world’s deepest lakes ): 1. Caspian Sea – 371,000 km2 (143,000 sq mi). The Caspian Sea is often regarded as the largest lake in the world, but it contains an oceanic basin rather than being entirely over continental crust. This makes it an oceanic lake and differs it from all the other lakes in this list which are continental lakes. The Caspian Sea is also the world’s third deepest lake . It has no outflows and is bounded by Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan The Caspian Sea – the largest lake in the world 2. Lake Superior – 82,414 km2 (31,820 sq mi). Bounded by Canada and the United States, Lake Superior is the largest lake of the five Great Lakes of North America Largest Lakes In The World: Lake Superior 3. Lake Victoria – 69,485 km2 (26,828 sq mi). The largest lake in Africa. It is bounded by Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania Largest Lakes In The World: Lake Superior 4. Lake Huron – 59,600 km2 (23,000 sq mi). The second largest lake of the Great lakes. Lake Huron also contains Manitoulin Island, the world’s largest lake island Largest Lakes In The World: Lake Huron 5. Lake Michigan – 58,000 km2 (22,000 sq mi). Also one of the five Great Lakes, Lake Michigan is just slightly smaller than Lake Huron. It is also the world’s largest lake entirely within one country – the United States. Chicago and Milwaukee are located on the shore of Lake Michigan Chicago and Lake Michigan 6. Lake Tanganyika – 32,893 km2 (12,700 sq mi). The lake is not only the 6th largest in the world, it is also the second deepest lake in the world – 1,470 m (4,820 ft) and the longest lake in the world – 676 km (420 mi). Lake Tanganyika is divided among four countries – Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and Zambia Largest Lakes In The World: Lake Tanganyika 7. Lake Baikal – 31,500 km2 (12,200 sq mi). The lake is entirely within Russia. It is also the deepest lake in the world and the largest volume fresh water lake in the world Largest Lakes In The World: Lake Baikal 8. Great Bear Lake – 31,080 km2 (12,000 sq mi). The largest lake entirely within Canada and the fourth largest in North America. Great Bear Lake is covered with ice from late November to July, at that time there is an ice crossing (ice road) to Deline which lies on the shore of the lake Largest Lakes In The World: Great Bear Lake 9. Lake Malawi – 30,044 km2 (11,600 sq mi). The lake is divided between Tanzania, Mozambique and Malawi. The lake is the second deepest lake in Africa and it has more fish species than any other lake on Earth Largest Lakes In The World: Lake Malawi 10. Great Slave Lake – 28,930 km2 (11,170 sq mi). This Canadian lake is also the 8th deepest lake in the world and the deepest lake in North America Largest Lakes In The World: Great Slave Lake	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,712	In a Shakespeare play, who murders 'King Duncan'?	SparkNotes: Macbeth: Plot Overview Plot Overview Context Character List The play begins with the brief appearance of a trio of witches and then moves to a military camp, where the Scottish King Duncan hears the news that his generals, Macbeth and Banquo, have defeated two separate invading armies—one from Ireland, led by the rebel Macdonwald, and one from Norway. Following their pitched battle with these enemy forces, Macbeth and Banquo encounter the witches as they cross a moor. The witches prophesy that Macbeth will be made thane (a rank of Scottish nobility) of Cawdor and eventually King of Scotland. They also prophesy that Macbeth’s companion, Banquo, will beget a line of Scottish kings, although Banquo will never be king himself. The witches vanish, and Macbeth and Banquo treat their prophecies skeptically until some of King Duncan’s men come to thank the two generals for their victories in battle and to tell Macbeth that he has indeed been named thane of Cawdor. The previous thane betrayed Scotland by fighting for the Norwegians and Duncan has condemned him to death. Macbeth is intrigued by the possibility that the remainder of the witches’ prophecy—that he will be crowned king—might be true, but he is uncertain what to expect. He visits with King Duncan, and they plan to dine together at Inverness, Macbeth’s castle, that night. Macbeth writes ahead to his wife, Lady Macbeth, telling her all that has happened. Lady Macbeth suffers none of her husband’s uncertainty. She desires the kingship for him and wants him to murder Duncan in order to obtain it. When Macbeth arrives at Inverness, she overrides all of her husband’s objections and persuades him to kill the king that very night. He and Lady Macbeth plan to get Duncan’s two chamberlains drunk so they will black out; the next morning they will blame the murder on the chamberlains, who will be defenseless, as they will remember nothing. While Duncan is asleep, Macbeth stabs him, despite his doubts and a number of supernatural portents, including a vision of a bloody dagger. When Duncan’s death is discovered the next morning, Macbeth kills the chamberlains—ostensibly out of rage at their crime—and easily assumes the kingship. Duncan’s sons Malcolm and Donalbain flee to England and Ireland, respectively, fearing that whoever killed Duncan desires their demise as well. Fearful of the witches’ prophecy that Banquo’s heirs will seize the throne, Macbeth hires a group of murderers to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. They ambush Banquo on his way to a royal feast, but they fail to kill Fleance, who escapes into the night. Macbeth becomes furious: as long as Fleance is alive, he fears that his power remains insecure. At the feast that night, Banquo’s ghost visits Macbeth. When he sees the ghost, Macbeth raves fearfully, startling his guests, who include most of the great Scottish nobility. Lady Macbeth tries to neutralize the damage, but Macbeth’s kingship incites increasing resistance from his nobles and subjects. Frightened, Macbeth goes to visit the witches in their cavern. There, they show him a sequence of demons and spirits who present him with further prophecies: he must beware of Macduff, a Scottish nobleman who opposed Macbeth’s accession to the throne; he is incapable of being harmed by any man born of woman; and he will be safe until Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane Castle. Macbeth is relieved and feels secure, because he knows that all men are born of women and that forests cannot move. When he learns that Macduff has fled to England to join Malcolm, Macbeth orders that Macduff’s castle be seized and, most cruelly, that Lady Macduff and her children be murdered. When news of his family’s execution reaches Macduff in England, he is stricken with grief and vows revenge. Prince Malcolm, Duncan’s son, has succeeded in raising an army in England, and Macduff joins him as he rides to Scotland to challenge Macbeth’s forces. The invasion has the support of the Scottish nobles, who are appalled and frightened by Macbeth’s tyrannical and murderous behavior. Lady Macbeth, me	Shakespeare's Fools - Yorick in Hamlet Shakespeare's Fools: Yorick in Hamlet From The Fools of Shakespeare by Frederick Warde. London: McBride, Nast & company. "The King's Jester" Hamlet, a young Danish prince, accompanied by his friend Horatio, stands by a low wall that encloses a graveyard watching an old sexton who is digging a grave. With professional unconcern the old fellow shovels out the earth, together with some human bones; amongst them two skulls, one of which he strikes smartly with his spade to imbed it in the soft earth, and prevent its rolling away. Shocked at the apparent indifference of the old man to these dead relics, the prince advances, interrupts his work, and engages him in conversation. The grave-digger is a quaint, independent old fellow, and answers the prince's questions with humorous bluntness. The prince inquires, "How long will a man lie in the earth ere he rot?" After replying to the question, the sexton picks up one of the skulls from the mound of earth and asserts, "This skull hath lain i' the earth three-and-twenty years." "Whose was it" asks the prince. "A whoreson mad fellow's it was," replies the sexton, and then adds, "A pestilence on him for a mad rogue! a' poured a flagon of Rhenish on my head once. This same skull, sir, was Yorick's skull, the king's jester." Gently taking the grim remainder from the irreverent hands of the old grave-digger, and gazing at it with loving tenderness, the prince exclaims: "Alas, poor Yorick I - I knew him, Horatio: a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy: he hath borne me on his back a thousand times; and now how abhorred in my imagination it is I my gorge rises at it. Here hung those lips that I have kissed, I know not how oft. Where be your gibes now? your gambols? your songs? your flashes of merriment, that were wont to set the table in a roar? Not one now to mock your own grinning! quite chap-fallen!" For three-and-twenty years that skull had lain in the earth, till every vestige of its personality had been destroyed, and only the experienced eye of the old sexton could recognize it. A chapless skull! dust and bones tossed up from the decaying earth from which they sprang, and to which, by the inexorable law of nature, they had returned; a skull that once was covered with skin and tissues, through which ran a myriad of arteries and veins, conveying the blood to and from the active brain that lay in the now empty shell. A skull that had crowned a frame, clothed like itself, intersected with nerves that connected the sensations of heart and brain, and canals that carried the vital fluids on their ceaseless course, giving the entire structure a living entity, and an individual personality; the personality of Yorick, jester to the court of Hamlet, King of Denmark. Yorick! what a merry, loving soul he must have been, how full of fun and frolic. What pranks he must have played on those big, good-natured, long-haired Viking warriors, as they sat at the banquet table in the great hall of the castle of Elsinore. In fancy, I can hear their laughter at his madcap jests, and the deep roar of their voices as they join in the chorus of his merry songs. I can see him in the churchyard, serious for a moment, sitting on an ancient tombstone, gravely watching the old sexton digging "a pit of clay"; the last resting place of folly and wisdom; but his fun-loving soul cannot long be restrained by even such solemn environment; so, furtively, the mad rogue purloins the bibulous old grave digger's flagon of Rhenish, standing near-by, and pours its contents over the head of the discomfited sexton; then, fleet as a deer he runs away, leaps the churchyard wall, and the faint echo of his merry laughter is the only solace for the old man's wrath. Yorick! the lines are few, and the description brief that Shakespeare has given us of the man, but they are so pregnant with suggestion, so sweet in thought, and so tender in memory that he lives in our minds as completely as though he gamboled on the earth a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,713	What type of creature is the Australian currawong?	currawong \| bird \| Britannica.com Currawong Alternative Titles: crow-shrike, piping-crow, Strepera Similar Topics songshrike Currawong, also called piping-crow, or crow-shrike, any of several songbirds of the Australian family Cracticidae (order Passeriformes). They are large, up to 50 centimetres (20 inches) long, with black, gray, or black-and-white plumage and yellow eyes. All have resounding, metallic voices. Found in woodlands and occasionally flocking into suburban areas, currawongs live on fruit, insects, small animals, and other birds’ eggs and young: they may be a nuisance in orchards and hen yards. The pied currawong, or chillawong (Strepera graculina) makes rolling sounds; the gray currawong (S. versicolor), also called squeaker, or rainbird, makes clanking noises. Pied currawong (Strepera graculina) John R. Brownlie—Bruce Coleman Ltd. Learn More in these related articles: Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: July 20, 1998 URL: https://www.britannica.com/animal/currawong Access Date: January 13, 2017 Share	Bandicoot - Animals of Oceania Animals of Oceania Sitemap Bandicoot Bandicoots are native to Australia, New Guinea, Papua, and Tasmania. They are marsupials. The bandicoot ranges from about 10 to 20 inches long. Most species of bandicoot have long noses. Bandicoots fight with their hind legs and only bite if they have to. Bandicoots are very territorial and will attack other bandicoots that intrude on their territory. Bandicoots' fur is orange, gray, brown, and sometimes striped. They use their clawed hind legs for hopping. Many species of bandicoot are either rare or extinct. This marsupial is usually nocturnal and hides in hollow logs, nests or crevices. They eat insects, small animals, and plants.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,714	Who succeeded Robin Day as regular presenter of Question Time, in June 1989?	Peter Sissons departs with a swipe at BBC \| Daily Mail Online comments Anchor: Peter Sissons reading the BBC's main evening news Britain's longest-serving national news presenter yesterday took a swipe at the BBC as he prepared to end his 45-year career. Peter Sissons, 66, who has presented for the BBC, ITV and Channel 4 with distinction, said the corporation's newsroom was no longer the 'ideas factory' he had once joined. Sissons, who is retiring in the summer to concentrate on his memoirs, said: 'The culture has changed enormously from when I started in news and I think you do become more uncomfortable with new things happening around you. 'I think if I am absolutely honest it is not the industry I joined. A newsroom when I joined it was a place of argument and constant interaction. 'It is not the newsroom I grew up in and I have become more and more detached from the mainstream in that sense. I don't think it is an ideas factory anymore. It is a very busy place where the news is assembled and processed.' His comments come after recent criticism he made about news chiefs who he accused of treating newsreaders as 'fashion goods'. And seven years ago he memorably accused the BBC of ageism, saying he had attended 'too many' leaving parties for people over 50. As well as presenting bulletins such as the BBC's Ten O'Clock News, Sissons succeeded Sir Robin Day as presenter of Question Time in 1989. The married father of three, who was born in Liverpool, is currently working on BBC News 24.	Coronation Street \| Television New Zealand \| Entertainment \| TVNZ 1, TVNZ 2 In the beginning… Coronation Street began at 7pm on Friday 9 December 1960. The first episode was transmitted live. Nearly 8000 episodes later Coronation Street continues to be a ratings success, captivating audiences worldwide. A young scriptwriter called Tony Warren created the series, originally titled Florizel Street. The first episode was penned within 24 hours, 13 episodes were commissioned and the face of British television was set to change forever. Broadcast facts Viewers were given their first glimpse of Coronation Street in full colour when the first colour episode was transmitted on 3rd November 1969. A live episode was broadcast to mark the series' 40th anniversary in December 2000 - the first time the show had been broadcast live since 1960 and 1961. Another live episode aired to mark the 50th anniversary in 2010. The 1000th episode was transmitted on 24th August 1970. Famous fans include: Anthony Hopkins; Michael Parkinson; Julie Walters; Cliff Richard; Victoria Wood; Cilla Black; Cheryl Cole; Snoop Dogg. A number of famous faces have paid visits to the set including: Diana Dors; Dustin Hoffman; Alfred Hitchcock; Howard Keel; Boy George; Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair; Queen Elizabeth II and The Duke of Edinburgh. On 8 August 1979, the programme was taken off air as part of an ITV strike. It returned to the screen on 24 October. The series originally aired twice a week. A third weekly episode was introduced in 1989, and a fourth in 1996. Coronation Street has broadcast five times a week since 2002. The production team has travelled abroad to film at foreign locations on seven occasions: Majorca (1974); Torremolinos (1987); Normandy (1994); Amsterdam (1998); Paris (2000 and 2006); Malta (2007). There have been five spin-off video/DVD releases: The Feature Length QE2 Special (1995); Viva Las Vegas (1997); Out of Africa (2008); Romanian Holiday (2009); A Knight's Tale (2010). A six-part series ('After Hours') set in Brighton, featuring the returns of Bet Gilroy and Reg Holdsworth, aired in November 1999. Cast facts William Tarmey and Elizabeth Dawn both appeared as background artists for several years before making their debuts as Jack and Vera Duckworth. Rita ( played by Barbara Knox ) first appeared on screen on 2 December 1964. Famous faces who have walked on the Weatherfield cobbles include: Joanna Lumley; Ben Kingsley; Ian McKellen; Stephanie Beacham; Patricia Routledge; Patrick Stewart; Martin Shaw; June Whitfield; Anna Friel; Nigel Havers. Celebrities who have appeared as background artists on the show include: Cliff Richard; Mel B; Peter Schmeichel. Roy Barraclough played three different characters during the 1960s, before first appearing as Alec Gilroy on 26 June 1972. After 13 years, Patricia Phoenix (Elsie Tanner) left the programme on 8 October 1973. She returned in 1976 and remained for 8 more years, appearing in 1641 episodes. Mike Baldwin made his first appearance on 11 October 1976 and bowed out 30 years later on 7 April 2006 after 2383 episodes. He remains one of the 10 longest-serving cast members in the show's 53 year history. Doris Speed was awarded an MBE by the Queen at Buckingham Palace on 29 November 1977. Violet Carson made her last appearance as Ena Sharples after 1150 episodes on 4 April 1980. Jean Alexander made her last appearance as Hilda Ogden on 25 December 1987 - an episode watched by 26 million people. In 1988, she became the first soap opera performer to be nominated for a BAFTA award. HRH The Prince of Wales made a pre-recorded cameo appearance in the 40th anniversary live episode on 8th December 2000. In HM Queen Elizabeth II's 2010 birthday honours, Barbara Knox and Eileen Derbyshire were awarded MBEs. Corrie firsts First birth: Elsie Tanner's grandson Paul Cheveski on 12 June 1961. First marriage: Jack and Annie Walker's daughter Joan to Gordon Davies on 8 March 1961. First death: The first death was the original resident of No.13, May Hardman, in Episode 7 on 31 December 1960	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,715	Which French king was known as 'The Sun King'?	Why was Louis XIV called the sun king? Why was Louis XIV called the sun king? Jan 4, 2011 History Share Louis XIV, also known as France’s Sun King, had the longest reign in all of European history. There is much speculation on to why he has been called the Sun King, and some would say it is due to the amount of accomplishments that he achieved during his reign of power. Of course others may call him this due to the fact that he chose the sun as his emblem and his symbol of power. The sun is also associated with Apollo. Apollo was the god of peace and arts, and one could easily compare Louis XIV to Apollo when it comes to the arts. Louis XIV also brought peace, and fought to continue to bring peace. The king also had many solar habits, one could say. For instance his work habits and his ritual rising can also be compared to the actions of the sun. He chose the sun as his symbol and some believe that he may have thought his role of king of France was similar to role of the sun in the universe. That is a mighty big comparison to make, but this belief is thought to be one of the reasons why the Louis XIV called himself the sun king. Many people have also called this sun king, the best king to ever serve. Perhaps it was the fact that he reigned for 72 years. Perhaps it was the fact that during his reign he helped to change France forever. While he was king, France became stabilized and also become one of the strongest powers in Europe. All of the things that have been said about the sun king are positive and glowing, perhaps another reason why he is called the sun king. Without the sun we cannot survive, and perhaps without the rule of Louis XIV, France would not have been able to survive during those times either.Similar Posts:	Louis XIV - Palace of Versailles Louis XIV Print From the residences of the King to the Château de Versailles Up until his installation in the Château de Versailles on 6 May 1682, the King imposed frequent changes of residence on the Court. Louis XIV and his courtiers lived in the Palace of the Louvre, in the palaces of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Vincennes, Fontainebleau, and Versailles, then being transformed. The works were entrusted by royal patronage to illustrious artists such as André Le Nôtre and Louis Le Vau and the architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart who drew up the plans of the Chapel, among many other buildings. In 1678, the construction of the Hall of Mirrors began, the greatest symbol of the powerful absolute monarchy. Providing sufficient room to accommodate the courtiers, the Château and its outlying buildings contributed to the domestication of the nobility. Under the watchful eye of the King, the Grandees no longer plotted; they lived either with the armed forces, or at the Court, careful to please and serve. Intimidating, majestic and informed about everything by his spies, the King dominated. A King with a passionate interest in the arts The king was interested in a great variety of subjects and excelled in many fields. His contemporaries gave him credit as a good musician (he played the guitar), an excellent dancer and organiser of ballets, and a brilliant rider. He loved hunting, outings, fencing, putting on shows, and playing parlour games, billiards in particular. He surrounded himself with good judgement with the best artists of the period, including Molière, Lully and Racine. In the Château de Versailles, he had the Court playwright stage comedies, while the musician Jean-Baptiste Lully put on his operas and organised brilliant festivities.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,716	"In the 1997 film, ""Independence Day"", which actor played the part of the US President?"	Bill Pullman - IMDb IMDb Actor \| Director \| Soundtrack William James Pullman was born in Hornell, New York, one of seven children of Johanna (Blaas), a nurse, and James Pullman, a doctor. He is of Dutch (mother) and English, Northern Irish, and Scottish (father) descent. After high school, Bill went into a building construction program at SUNY Delhi in New York. He transferred to State University of ... See full bio » Born: a list of 35 people created 27 Mar 2013 a list of 33 images created 29 Oct 2013 a list of 34 people created 07 Jan 2014 a list of 48 people created 24 Sep 2014 a list of 30 people created 16 Dec 2014 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Bill Pullman's work have you seen? User Polls 6 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards » Known For Independence Day President Thomas J. Whitmore (1996) 2017 The Sinner (TV Movie) ( post-production ) Harry Ambrose 2014 Ten X Ten (TV Mini-Series) Man 60s 2010 Nathan vs. Nurture (TV Movie) Arthur 2001 Night Visions (TV Series) Major Ben Darnell (segment "A View Through the Window") 2000 American Masters (TV Series documentary) Edward Curtis 1995 Fallen Angels (TV Series) Rich Thurber 1992 Crazy in Love (TV Movie) Nick Symonds 1989 Home Fires Burning (TV Movie) Lt. Henry Tibbetts 1986 Cagney & Lacey (TV Series) Doctor Giordano - A Safe Place (1986) ... Doctor Giordano Hide 2000 The Virginian (TV Movie) Hide 1998 Zero Effect (writer: "Let's Run Off and Get Married", "Cold and Dark in My Heart") 1995 Casper (performer: "Jailhouse Rock") 1992 Newsies (performer: "KING OF NEW YORK", "ONCE AND FOR ALL") Hide 2000 The Virginian (TV Movie) (producer) Hide 2009 The Cove (Documentary) (thanks) 2007 The Good Life (producers gratefully acknowledge the valuable assistance of) 2016 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) Himself 2016 The Talk (TV Series) Himself 2016 In Character With... (TV Series) Himself 2014 Parables of War (Documentary short) Himself 2014 Inside 'The Equalizer' (Video short) Himself 2014 The Broadway.com Show (TV Series) Himself 2013 American Masters (TV Series documentary) Himself 2013 Larry King Now (TV Series) Himself - Guest 2009 Working in the Theatre (TV Series documentary) Himself 2009 Tavis Smiley (TV Series) Himself 2008 Chelsea Lately (TV Series) Himself 2008 Surveillance: The Watched Are Watching (Video documentary short) Himself 2008 Speechless (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2007 Broadway Beat (TV Series) Himself 2005 Biography (TV Series documentary) Himself / Jack Callaghan 2005 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) Himself 2005 Spaceballs: The Documentary (Video documentary short) Himself 2005 John Candy: Comic Spirit (Video documentary short) Himself 2005 Why Shakespeare? (Video short documentary) Himself 2005 Letters to Dear Wendy (TV Special documentary) Himself / Krugsby 2003 Tussen de sterren (TV Series documentary) Himself 1999-2001 The Directors (TV Series documentary) Himself / Himself - Guest 2000 The Quest for the Titan (TV Movie documentary) Himself / Korso (voice) 1996-1999 HBO First Look (TV Series documentary) Himself 1998 Bravo Profiles: The Entertainment Business (TV Mini-Series documentary) Himself 1998 Nulle part ailleurs (TV Series) Himself 1996 The Making of 'Independence Day' (TV Short documentary) Himself 1996 Saturday Night Live (TV Series) Himself - Host 1996 Mundo VIP (TV Series) Himself 1995 Showbiz Today (TV Series) Himself 2004 It's Like Life (Video documentary short) Julian Played Robinson in "The Old Flag" - George Street Playhouse, New Brunswick, NJ (1983). See more » Publicity Listings: 4 Interviews \| 5 Articles \| 1 Pictorial \| See more » Height: Did You Know? Personal Quote: (2013, on landing Ruthless People) That movie role happened because the dye job that I had from a play was growing out, and I was unconscious of that. To me, it was just, like, I had to be blond to be this Russian tank commander, and now it's changing. But the Zucker brothers... I was in for the audition, and they were laughing at weird places, and then they called me back and cast me as Ear	TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? In Living Color. Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? David Schwimmer. What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? Paul McCartney. What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? Paul McCartney. What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? What's My Line? What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? Mission: Impossible. Consumer News and Business Channel. How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? Eight. What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? Dr. Frasier Crane. What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? Phil Hartman. What MAS*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? Alan Alda. What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? The Discovery Channel. What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? John Tesh. What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? Friends. What MTV twosome are known as "The Bad Boys" in Mexico? Beavis and Butt head. What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail "the size of canned hams"? David Letterman. What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? Sesame Street's. What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? Homicide. What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? Tiny Tim's. What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? Night Court. Who once observed: "This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself"? Mr. Ed. What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? Harpo's. Who began his radio shows with: "Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press"? Walter Winchell. What TV star said of his worldwide fame: "I didn't know I could top Knight Rider"? David Hasselhoff. What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? The Cosby Show. Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? Charles Grodin. What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? All in the Family. What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? Donna Abandando. What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? The Smurfs. What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? The Cosby Show. What Muppet advised: "Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift"? Miss Piggy. What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? Walter Cronkite. What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? Felix the Cat. What's the "dimension of imagination, "according to the host of a classic TV series? The Twilight Zone. Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed a role on ER? George Clooney. What 250-pound star of Hairspray shed half her weight to host a TV talk show? Ricki Lake. What Mayberry resident once hijacked a bull when he'd had too much to drink? Otis Campbell. What four-word TV slogan did Sting add to the Dire Straits hit Money for Nothing? "I want my MTV". What Mary Tyler Moore Show character's blue blazer made it into the Smithsonian? Ted Baxter's. Who was a cheerleader for the San Francisco 49ers before she became TV's Lois Lane? Teri Hatcher. What was Redd Foxx's last name before show business beckoned? Sanford. Who's been Saturday Night Live's most frequent host? Steve Martin. What town did Howdy Doody live in? Doodyville. What sitcom star advised: "It's okay to be fat. So you're fat. Just be fat and shut up about it"? Roseanne. What Richard Chamberlain vehicle is second only to Roots in total viewers for a miniseries? The Thorn Birds. What media award was derived from the slang term for the 1	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,717	How is the thyroid cartilage better known?	Thyroid Cartilage Anatomy, Function & Diagram \| Body Maps Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close Thyroid cartilage The thyroid cartilage, which forms the Adam's apple, is the largest and uppermost of nine cartilages within the larynx, or voice box. (Cartilage is a strong but flexible tissue.) It houses the vocal folds, also known as the vocal cords. The thyroid cartilage is composed of two plates, called laminae, that join in the front at an angle of 90 to 120 degrees. The protrusion it creates, visible on the front of the neck, is generally more prominent in men because of a sharper angle in males. The thyroid cartilage typically grows larger during the teenage years, especially in boys, and is seen as a secondary sexual characteristic. Secondary sexual characteristics are indicators of a person’s sex, which develop as they age (usually around puberty). Others include facial hair in men and breasts in women. Despite its name, the thyroid cartilage has nothing to do with the thyroid gland or its processes. It plays a role in the production of the human voice, providing protection and support for the vocal folds. The muscles of the larynx act on skeletal structures, including the thyroid cartilage, to produce the vibration of the vocal folds, which is necessary to produce vocalization.	Tredegar Forum - uncle bobs quiz 2 the answers Tredegar Forum 1) Which naturally occurring substance measures a maximum ten on Moh's Scale of Hardness � Diamond 2) What is the name of the target object in the game of bowls � Jack 3) Which group's first hit was Seven Seas of Rhye in 1974 � Queen 4) What is the name given to an unreturnable serve in a game of tennis or badminton � Ace 5) What is the name of the largest extinct volcano known- Olympus Mons (it's on mars) 6) What was the name of the wife of convicted serial killer Dr Harold Shipman�who murdered over 200 OAP's in his home town of Hyde in Cheshire � Primrose 7) Which part of the eye gives it colour � Iris 8) In Greek Mythology who fell in love with his own reflection � Narcissus 9) What is the name of the character played by Patricia Routledge in �Keeping Up Appearances� � Hyacinth Bucket 10) What was the highest mountain before Everest was discovered? still Everest 11) According to the nursery rhyme, what was used to fix Jack�s head after he fell down the hill � Vinegar & Brown Paper 12) In which Disney animation does the character of Thomas O�Malley appear � �The Aristocats� 13) Which 70�s Children�s TV programme was based around the adventures of some children with an abandoned London Bus � �The Double Deckers� 14) Which of the seven dwarves wore glasses � Doc 15) Who was head of the Clanger family � Major Clanger16) Who was head of the Wombles family � Great Uncle Bulgaria 17) What breed of dog is �Scooby Doo� � Great Dane 18) Which comic book character scored over 5000 goals in a career that lasted from 1954 � 1993 � Roy Of the Rovers (Roy Race) 19) What is the motto of the Boy Scouts � �Be Prepared� 20) What is the motto of the Girl Guides � �Be Prepared� look out for uncle bobs quiz 3 answers next Saturday	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,718	Samedi is French for which day of the week?	What day is it? Today is ... - French Days of the Week French Days of the Week What day is it? Today is ... There are a few different formulas you need to know in order to talk about the day of the week in French. Asking and answering French has three different ways to ask "What day (of the week) is it?" Quel jour est-ce ? Quel jour est-on ? Quel jour sommes-nous ? To answer, simply uninvert one of the verb-subject pairs above and then say the day of the week . So "It's Saturday" can be said C'est samedi. To say "Today is Thursday," say Aujourd'hui, followed by any of the above phrases. Aujourd'hui, c'est jeudi. Aujourd'hui, nous sommes jeudi. When is ___? To find out "what day" or "when" something will happen, ask Quel jour est ... ? or Quand est ... ? Then to answer, say ... continue reading below our video How to Say the Dates in French est + the day of the week. Quel jour est la fête ? La fête / Elle est samedi. What day is the party? The party / It is on Saturday. Quand est le repas ? Le repas / Il est lundi. When is the meal? The meal / It is on Monday. When asking which day an annual event will fall on, say Quel jour / Quand tombe ... cette année ? (Note that this question is for when you know the date of the event. To ask about an actual date rather than just the day of the week, see page 1 .) Quel jour tombe ton anniversaire (cette année) ? C'est dimanche. What day is your birthday (this year)? It's (on) Sunday. Quand tombe Halloween (cette année) ? C'est mercredi. When (What day) is Halloween this year? It's (on) Wednesday. Definite articles When talking about the day of the week something happened or will happen, you may or may not need a definite article , depending on how far the event is in the past or future and whether it is a one-time event. 1) For an event that occurred last week or will occur next week, you do not need an article. Generally speaking, this is equivalent to using the word "this" in English: Il est arrivé samedi. He arrived on Saturday, He arrived this Saturday. Nous allons faire des achats mercredi. We're going to go shopping on Wednesday, this Wednesday. 2) If it occurs further in the past or future, you do need an article. In the English translation, you're likely to need the word "that": Il est arrivé le samedi (de cette semaine-là). He arrived that Saturday, He arrived that week on Saturday. Nous allons faire des achats le mercredi (avant la fête). We're going to go shopping that Wednesday (before the party). 3) You also need the definite article when talking about something that occurred, occurs, or will occur on that same day more than once: Il arrivait le samedi. He used to arrive on Saturdays, every Saturday. Nous faisons des achats le mercredi. We go shopping on Wednesdays. Je ne vais plus travailler le vendredi. I'm not going to work on Fridays any more. Day of the week + date When including the day of the week in answer to the question "what's the date?" , there's one slightly tricky aspect to be aware of in French: the day of the week should be placed between the definite article and the numeric date. C'est On est + le + day + date + month (+ year) Nous sommes C'est le samedi 8 avril. It's Saturday, 8 April / the 8th of April / April 8th. Nous sommes le lundi premier octobre 2012. It's Monday, October 1st, 2012. Or if you really want to say the day of the week first, just be sure to pause before following with the date. On est mardi... le 16 juillet. It's Tuesday... July 16th.	Free Flashcards about GK 6 Which horse was involved in the 1913 incident that killed Emily Davison? Anmer What is the meaning of "discursive"? digressing from subject to subject What was the German 'Jugendstil' known as in Britain and the USA? Art Nouveau The artists Odilon Redon and Fernand Khnopff were most closely associated with which artistic movement? Symbolism What nationality was artist Fernand Khnopff? Belgian What is the meaning of 'post hoc, ergo propter hoc'? "After which, therefore because of which" In which year did BBC Radio 2, in the guise of the BBC Light Programme, start broadcasting? 1945 What radio programme used the signature tune "At The Sign Of The Swinging Cymbal" by Bryan Fahey? Pick of The Pops Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain, was which Roman writer's father-in-law? Tacitus Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain, was recalled in disgrace by which Emperor? Domitian Which Iron Age tribe had a capital at Emain Macha in Ulster? Ulaid Who had a 1955 Number 1 with "Softly, Softly"? Ruby Murray Who had UK hits with "Be My Love" and "Because You're Mine"? Mario Lanza Who took "Rose Marie" to No 1 spot in the UK IN 1954? Slim Whitman In 1955 Jimmy Young had a No 1 single with "The Man From..." - where? Laramie Which singer was the indirect cause of 1944's Columbus Day Riot? Frank Sinatra In which year did "Rock Around The Clock" hit No 1 in both the UK and the US? 1955 Both "boogie-woogie" and "rock and roll" supposedly got their names from what? Euphemisms for sex Who coined the term "Rhythm and Blues"? Jerry Wexler Which Cleveland DJ is usually credited with coining the term "rock n roll" to apply to the music of that style? Alan Freed Which band were originally called "The Rambling Yodeller And The Sandmen"? Bill Haley & The Comets Who had a 1950s hit with "Be-Bop-A Lula"? Gene Vincent and The Blue Caps Which chemical elements occupy positions 89-103 on the Periodic Table? Actinides What name is given to a 3D co-ordinate system with three planes, x, y, and Z? Cartesian What are the names given to the three sides of a right-angled triangle? Hypotenuse, Base, Altitude If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is sinθ equal to? a/c If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is cosθ equal to? b/c If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is tanθ equal to? a/b (or sinθ/cosθ) What is the meaning of sin(squared)θ? sinθsinθ An object that has both magnitude and direction in space Which letters are traditionally used for the three base vectors? i, j, k Who had a 1962 Number 1 with "Wonderful Land"? The Shadows Which artistic group was founded in 1911 by Kandinsky and Marc? Der Blaue Reiter Artist Franz Marc was born in wRhich country? Germany Who painted "Luxe, Calme et Volupte"? Matisse Who is generally held to be the originator of the Suprematist art movement? Malevich The artists Boccioni, Carra and Severeni, all Italians, belonged to which movement? Futurism What was the real name of The Big Bopper, who died in a plane crash along with Buddy Holly? JP Richardson What was the stage name of the singer Rosemary Brown? Dana Which country singer got to No. 1 in the UK with "Coward Of The County"? Kenny Rogers Who composed "The Stars And Stripes Forever"? John Phillip Sousa Who composed the waltz "Tales From The Vienna Woods"? Johann Strauss Robert-Francois Damiens attempted to assassinate (and failed, although he did wound) which king? Louis XV of France When was the Seven Years' War? 1756-63 Whose final work was 1804's "Opus Postumum"? Kant The Pregolya River, which features in Euler's 'Seven Bridges'problem, runs through which city? Kaliningrad Who wrote 1848's "The Principles Of Political Economy"? John Stuart Mill What is defined as "the composite of an organism's observable traits"? Phenotype The Japanese word 'hara',	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,719	Wikipedia's spherical logo features what symbol for Greek W, also a fatty acid name?	The Lipids- Triglycerides, Phospholipids And Sterols The Lipids- Triglycerides, Phospholipids And Sterols CHAPTER 5 THE CHEMIST'S VIEW OF TRIGLYCERIDES AND FATTY ACIDS The Fatty Acids Fats In Foods Roles of Triglycerides and Fatty Acids Essential Fatty Acids THE CHEMIST'S VIEW OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND STEROLS The Phospholipids The Sterols DIGESTION, ABSORPTION, AND TRANSPORT OF LIPIDS Lipid Digestion Lipid Absorption Lipid Transport LIPIDS IN THE BODY Triglycerides In the Blood A Preview of Lipid Metabolism HEALTH EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDED INTAKES OF LIPIDS Health Effects of Lipids HIGHLIGHT: ALTERNATIVES TO FAT The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols 125 a family of compounds that includestriglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, andsterols. fats: lipids in foods or the body, both of whichare composed mostly of triglycerides. oils: liquid fats (at room temperature). Of the lipids in foods, 95% are fats and oils(triglycerides), and 5% are other lipids(phospholipids and sterols). Of the lipidsstored in the body, 99% are triglycerides. ! " #$ % & & ' ( ) Triglycerides in foods:•Deliver fat-soluble vita-mins.•Contribute to the sensory appeal of foods. triglycerides (try-GLISS-er-rides): the chiefform of fat in the diet and the major storageform of fat in the body; composed of a mole-cule of glycerol with three fatty acidsattached; also called triacylglycerols (GLISS-er-ol): an alcohol composed ofa three-carbon chain, which can serve as thebackbone for a triglyceride.• ol alcohol M ost people are surprised to learn thatfat has some virtues. Only when peo-ple consume either too much or toolittle fat does ill health follow. It istrue, though, that in our society of abundance,people are likely to encounter too much fat.Fat is actually a subset of the class of nutrientsknown as lipids, but the term fat is often used to refer to all the lipids. The lipidfamily includes triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, and sterols, all impor-tant to nutrition. The triglycerides predominate, both in foods and in the body.The triglycerides provide the body with a continuous fuel supply, keep it warm,and protect it from mechanical shock; their component fatty acids serve as start-ing materials for important hormonal regulators. The phospholipids and sterolscontribute to the cells’ structures, and the sterol cholesterol serves as the rawmaterial for some hormones, vitamin D, and bile.In foods, triglycerides are the solid fats and liquid oils. Triglycerides carry withthem the four fat-soluble vitamins—A, D, E, and K—together with many of thecompounds that give foods their ﬂavor, texture, and palatability. Fat is responsiblefor the delicious aromas associated with sizzling bacon and hamburgers on thegrill, onions being sautéed, or vegetables in a stir-fry. Of course, these wonderfulcharacteristics lure people into eating too much from time to time. 1 Studies haverevealed that obese people eat more fat than their normal-weight peers, but notwhether the preference for fat or the obesity comes ﬁrst. 2 The Chemist’s View of Triglycerides and Fatty Acids Like carbohydrates, triglycerides are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), andoxygen (O). However, triglycerides have many more carbons and hydrogens inproportion to their oxygens, and so can supply more energy per gram (Chapter 7provides details).For people who think more easily in words than in chemical symbols, this pre-view of the upcoming chemistry may be helpful. The following paragraphs anddiagrams demonstrate that:1.Every triglyceride contains one molecule of glycerol (see Figure 5-1) and threefatty acids (basically chains of carbon atoms).2.Fatty acids may be 4 to 24 (even numbers of) carbons long, the 18-carbon onesbeing the most common in foods and especially noteworthy in nutrition.3.Fatty acids may also be saturated or unsaturated. The latter may have one ormore points of unsaturation (may be mono- or polyunsaturated).4.Of special importance in nutrition are the polyunsaturated fatty acids whose ﬁrst point of unsaturation is next to the third carbon (known a	The FunBoxs Biggest Quiz Ever .. \| Page 2 \| Orphelia's FunBox 2 Main forum \| Guild Forums \| Gaia Online Orphelia's FunBox 2 Main forum Posted: Fri Aug 02, 2013 6:36 pm 6501..In fashion correspondent and bar are types of what item? 6502..Artemis is Greek Goddess of what - only one among all Gods? 6503..25% of the adult male population of the UK are what? 6504..Churchill, Iroquois, Owen and Smiths are all what? 6505..A company called Symbol owns patent to what common item? 6506..What can you find on California's Mount Cook? 6507..Fescue, Foxtail, Ruppia and Quitch are types of what? 6508..In the twelve labours of Hercules what did he do third? 6509..In Heraldry what symbol is a lymphad? 6510..What job links Paul Clifford, Claude Duval, Capt. Macheath? 6511..Whose cases were Empty House Copper Beeches Black Peter? 6512..Which King is known as The Suicide King? 6513..In Costa Rica and El Salvador you spend what? 6514..In the Christmas song your true love gave you give eight what? 6515..Name the Capital of the Ukraine? 6516..What was the name of the dog in Peter Pan? 6517..UK football Derby County home the Baseball Ground nickname? 6518..Every 12 seconds in USA someone does what in a Holiday Inn? 6519..Who rode a horse called Lamri? 6520..Which stringed instrument is blown to produce sound? 6521..Bear, Bird, Goat, Eagle, Swan and Rabbit what links in Ireland? 6522..Hera in Greece Juno in Rome Goddesses of what? 6523..In Japan what is an obi? 6524..Honi soit qui mal y pence is the motto of what organisation? 6525..What is unusual about The lake of Monteith in Scotland? 6526..Which tree is sacred to Apollo (Daphne changed into one)? 6527..Who wrote The Dong with the Luminous Nose and The Jumblies? 6528..What are Blur Crow, Brimstone, Owl and Ringlet types of? 6529..The liquor Curacao is flavoured with what? 6530..In French legend who is the lover of Abelard? 6531..If a male a** is a Jackass what is a female called? 6532..What are Luster, Moreen, Mungo and Nankeen types of? 6533..In George Orwell's Animal Farm what type of animal was Muriel? 6534..In London what links Lambeth, St James and Westminster? 6535..What does an icthyophage do? 6536..Oswestry founded in 1407 is Britain's oldest what? 6537..In mythology who married the beautiful maid Galatea? 6538..In Bradshaws you would find information about what? 6539..The Romans called it Mamcunium what is this English city? 6540..Shakespeare wrote Cruel only to be kind in what play? 6541..Traditional 7 Seas N S Atlantic N S Pacific Arctic Antarctic?? 6542..Launfal, Pelleas and Tristram were part of what group? 6543..Who wrote the humorous books on One Upmanship? 6544..Greek Roman Apollo Babylonian Marduk Indian Vishnu gods?? 6545..Which English King rode a horse called White Surrey? 6546..Billycock, Wideawake, Gibus and Mitre all types of what? 6547..Quilp (A Dwarf) is a character in which Dickens novel? 6548..What word can be added to Fae, Fen, Bil, Goose to make fruit? 6549..Caracul, Dorset, Urial, Mufflon and Jacobs are types of what? 6550..What are Strength, Chariot and Hermit? 6551..Belly, Block, Blout, Nut, Rib and waist are all parts of what? 6552..Mauna Loa, Paricutin, Surtsey and Susya are all what? 6553..Which countries leader was an extra in Hollywood? 6554..BOZ was the penname if which writer? 6555..What bird is sometimes called the Yaffle? 6556..What organisation is known as the Society of Friends? 6557..Balein, Boops, Fin, Grampus and Pothead are types of what? 6558..The Ten Commandments what was number four? 6559..Who wrote the play Androcles and the Lion? 6560..What country was ruled by the Schleswig-Holstein dynasty? 6561..In France what take place at Auteuil, Saint-Cloud and Chantilly? 6562..A Tiercel is the correct name for a male what? 6563..An algophile loves what? 6564..Who is the Roman Goddess of invention and wisdom? 6565..What would you do with a celesta? 6566..What would you do if someone gave you a Twank? 6567..What is the subject of the reference book Janes? 6568..Which spice comes in hands? 6569..What would you expect to see at Santa Pod? 6570..What doe	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,720	Which word beginning with 'o' is the branch of medical science that deals with pregnancy and childbirth?	Obstetrics \| Define Obstetrics at Dictionary.com obstetrics noun, (used with a singular verb) 1. the branch of medical science concerned with childbirth and caring for and treating women in or in connection with childbirth. Abbreviation: OB, ob. Examples from the Web for obstetrics Expand Historical Examples His professorship included obstetrics as well as Surgery, and his practice in this department was exceptionally large. Robert Browning G. K. Chesterton British Dictionary definitions for obstetrics Expand noun 1. (functioning as sing) the branch of medicine concerned with childbirth and the treatment of women before and after childbirth Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for obstetrics Expand "science of midwifery," 1819, from obstetric (adj.); also see -ics . Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper	1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? 10. From what ancient activity does the word ‘crestfallen’ come? 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? 14. What did Britain’s roads first acquire in 1914? 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children’s TV programme How? 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? 19. Who were Tom and Barbara’s neighbours in The Good Life? 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your ‘Daisy Roots’? 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? 22. Which actor played Columbo? 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I’m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White Lines; 15. Robbie Fowler; 16. Hearsay; 17. Jack Hargreaves; 18. Dawn French; 19. Margo and Jerry Leadbetter; 20. Boots; 21. McWhirter (Ross and Norris); 22. Peter Falk; 23. Two; 24. The Clock Tower on the Palace of Westminster in London (Big Ben is the nickname for the bell); 25. The National Trust; 26. Brough Superior; 27. Yellow; 28. Fungi; 29. Nelson Mandela House; 30. Universal Serial Bus Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,721	Which mountain is known as ‘The White Spider’?	The Eiger \| White Spider The Eiger March 20, 2013 The Eiger (3,970 m (13,025 ft)) is a mountain in the Bernese Alps in Switzerland. The first ascent was made by Swiss guides Christian Almer and Peter Bohren and Irishman Charles Barrington who climbed the west flank in 1858. The north face remained unclimbed until 1938 when it was tackled by a German-Austrian group. Since 1935, at least sixty-four climbers have died attempting the north face giving it the nickname “Murderous Wall”. This north face is one of the six great north faces of the Alps. At 2,866 meters inside the mountain lies the Eigermordwand railway station. The station is connected to the north face by a tunnel opening at the face, which has sometimes been used to rescue climbers. The portion of the upper face is called “The White Spider,” as snow-filled cracks radiating from an ice-field resemble the legs of a spider. Heinrich Harrer, a member first successful climb, wrote ‘The White Spider: The classic Account of the Ascent of the Eiger.’ During the ascent, the team were caught in an avalanche as they climbed the Spider but all had enough strength to resist being swept off the face. Swiss alpnist Ueli Steck climbed the north face in a time of 2 hours and 50 minutes meaning he climbed an average of 34 vertical feet per minute up steep dangerous terrain to a summit that is 13,000 feet above sea level… Latest News	Oporto in Portugal stands on what river The Duoro 41 What boxer - IT - 402 View Full Document Oporto in Portugal stands on what river The Duoro 41 What boxer was nicknamed The Boston Strong Boy John L Sullivan 42 Stage role, written for a man, took 80 years to be played by one Peter Pan RSC 1982 43 Sicily is the traditional source of which element Sulphur 44 Name the main horse in Animal Farm Boxer 45 Strabismus is the correct name for what condition A Squint 46 What languages appear on the Rosetta stone Egyptian Greek 47 Who used the pseudonym Ellis Bell Emily Bronte 48 Where were the first glass mirrors made in Europe circa 1300 Venice 49 Who went to school at Hogwarts Harry Potter 50 What was Pierce Brosnan's first James Bond film in 1995 Goldeneye Page 128 This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 64 Answers 51 Who won the best actor award for Marty in 1955 Ernest Borgnine 52 Name Helen of Troys husband Menelaus 53 Who hired the Mormon Mafia to prevent contamination Howard Hughs 54 Captain W E Johns invented which hero Biggles 55 The Passion Play is performed every 10 years where Oberammergau 56 What was the theme music to The Exorcist Tubular Bells – Mike Oldfield 57 Who directed Full Metal Jacket Stanley Kubrick 58 In Judo if the referee calls Sono-mama what does it mean Players must freeze in position 59 What mountain overlooks Rio de Janeiro harbour Sugar Loaf 60 What is Romaic The modern Greek language 61 In what WW1 battle were tanks first used in 1916 Somme 62 Who are Britain's oldest publisher dating from 1469 Oxford University Press 63 Who was called The Scourge of God Attila the Hun 64 Victor Barna was world champion five times at what sport Table Tennis 65 What sort of wood was Noah's Ark made from Gopher wood 66 In Yugoslavian Belgrade is called Beograd what does it mean White City 67 Collective nouns - which creatures are a clamour or building Rooks in a rookery 68 First public supply in Britain from river Wey in 1881 what Electricity 69 In what city was Handel's Messiah first performed Dublin 70 Who was the first person to wear a wristwatch Queen Elizabeth 1st 71 What colour is the wax covering Gouda cheese Yellow 72 In Norse mythology who was Odin's wife Frigga 73 Six verified copies of his signature survive - who is he William Shakespeare 74 What city is at the mouth of the Menam river Bangkok 75 In what sport is the Palma Match contested Shooting 76 Which musical stage show ( and film ) uses tunes by Borodin Kismet 77 Ireland and New Zealand are the only countries that lack what Native Snakes 78 In cricket how many times does a full toss bounce None 79 Impressionism comes from painting Impression Sunrise - Artist Claude Monet 80 Name the first self contained home computer - A Commodore Pet 81 What exploded in 1720 The South Sea Bubble 82 Who named a city after his horse Bucephalus Alexander the Great 83 Beethoven's ninth symphony is nicknamed what The Choral 84 In Spain St John Bosco is the Patron Saint of what Cinema 85 In 1928 Simon Bolivar was president 3 countries Bolivia and ? Columbia Peru 86 Who lit the flame 1956 Olympics and then broke 8 world records Ron Clark 87 This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM Kenyatta University IT 402 - Spring 2015 1 2 3 4 5 Sampling In Research What is research? According Webster (1985), to researc HYPO.docx	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,722	Anthony van Dyke was court painter of which English monarch?	Sir Anthony van Dyck, a self-portrait \| Sir Anthony van Dyck… \| Flickr Lisby By: Lisby Sir Anthony van Dyck, a self-portrait Sir Anthony van Dyck (many variant spellings;[2] 22 March 1599 – 9 December 1641) was a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England. He is most famous for his portraits of King Charles I of England and Scotland and his family and court, painted with a relaxed elegance that was to be the dominant influence on English portrait-painting for the next 150 years. He also painted biblical and mythological subjects, displayed outstanding facility as a draftsman, and was an important innovator in watercolour and etching. Van Dyck was born to prosperous parents in Antwerp. His talent was evident very early, and he was studying painting with Hendrick van Balen by 1609, and became an independent painter around 1615, setting up a workshop with his even younger friend Jan Brueghel the Younger.[3] By the age of fifteen he was already a highly accomplished artist, as his Self-portrait, 1613-14, shows. He was admitted to the Antwerp painters' Guild of Saint Luke as a free master by February 1618.[4] Within a few years he was to be the chief assistant to the dominant master of Antwerp, and the whole of Northern Europe, Peter Paul Rubens, who made much use of sub-contracted artists as well as his own large workshop. His influence on the young artist was immense; Rubens referred to the nineteen-year-old van Dyck as 'the best of my pupils'.[5] The origins and exact nature of their relationship are unclear; it has been speculated that Van Dyck was a pupil of Rubens from about 1613, as even his early work shows little trace of van Balen's style, but there is no clear evidence for this.[6] At the same time the dominance of Rubens in the small and declining city of Antwerp probably explains why, despite his periodic returns to the city, van Dyck spent most of his career abroad..[6] In 1620, in the Rubens' contract for the major commission for the ceiling of the Jesuit church at Antwerp (now destroyed), van Dyck is specified as one of the "discipelen" who was to execute the paintings to Rubens' designs.[7] King Charles I was the most passionate and generous collector of art among the British monarchs, and saw art as a way of promoting his grandiose view of the monarchy. In 1628 he bought the fabulous collection that the Gonzagas of Mantua were forced to dispose of, and he had been trying since his accession in 1625 to bring leading foreign painters to England. In 1626 he was able to persuade Orazio Gentileschi to settle in England, later to be joined by his daughter Artemesia and some of his sons. Rubens was an especial target, who eventually came on a diplomatic mission, which included painting, in 1630, and later supplied more paintings from Antwerp. He was very well treated during his nine month visit, during which he was knighted. Charles' court portraitist Daniel Mytens, was a somewhat pedestrian Fleming. Charles was extremely short (less than five foot tall) and presented challenges to a portraitist. Van Dyck had remained in touch with the English court, and had helped King Charles' agents in their search for pictures. He had also sent back some of his own works, including a portrait (1623) of himself with Endymion Porter, one of Charles's agents, a mythology (Rinaldo and Armida, 1629, now in the Baltimore Museum of Art), and a religious work for the Queen. He had also painted Charles's sister, Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia in the Hague in 1632. In April that year, van Dyck returned to London, and was taken under the wing of the court immediately, being knighted in July and at the same time receiving a pension of £200 per year, in the grant of which he was described as principalle Paynter in ordinary to their majesties. He was well paid for paintings in addition to this, at least in theory, as King Charles did not actually pay over his pension for five years, and reduced the price of many paintings. He was provided with a house on the river at Blackfriars, then just outside the City and h	Free Flashcards about GK 3 Semantics is the branch of logic concerned with what? Meaning Which Northumberland castle, located between Craster and Embleton, is closely associated with the legend of Guy the Seeker? Dunstanburgh Castle Whose poem is "The Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket"? Robert Powell Which poem did Milton write about the drowned fellow poet Edward King? Lycidas What was England's second-largest and second-most commercially important city for the bulk of the 14th century? Norwich Which sea battle was fought on 24 June 1340 as one of the opening salvoes of the 100 Years War? Sluys In which county are Chipchase and Belsay Castles? Northumberland In England, often associated with the wool trade, what European historiography term refers to the entire medieval system of trade and its taxation? Staple The narrator of Anthony Burgess's 'Earthly Powers' is generally held to have been a lampoon or caricature of which real-life author? W Somerset Maugham Maria Edgeworth is a character in which literary work? Castle Rackrent In which play does the line "to thine own self be true" appear? Hamlet In which Graham Greene novel is Scobie a character? The Heart of The Matter Paul Morel is the protagonist of which novel? Sons and Lovers Gerald Crich appears in which DH Lawrence novel? Women In Love Stephen Blackpool is the hero of which Dickens work? Hard Times Which fictitious Northern city is scene of much of the action in 'Hard Times'? Coketown In which novel is Paul Pennyfeather a character? Decline and Fall (Waugh_ In which century was the Sorbonne founded? 13th (1253) Dorothea Brooke appears in which classic novel? Middlemarch In a church, what is the chancel? The space around the altar at the liturgical East end of a church. Give a year in the reign of Philip II (Phillipe Auguste) of France. 1180-1223 Which perfume house introduced the 'Gentleman' brand in 1974? Givenchy Which word can refer to a bomber aircraft, a radio call sign and the Z-Cars code-name? Victor What was Eleanor Thornton the model for in 1911? The Spirit of Ecstasy Liverworts and green leaves are both rich in which vitamin group, including retinol, retinal, retinoic acid? Vitamin A Which Englishman designed the first modern steam turbine in 1884? Parsons Which foodstuff is prepared from Hydrocarbon toluene? Saccharine Which company made the 'Forester' car model? Subaru Which American first used the term 'torpedo' for a naval explosive? Fulton Which element is atomic number 9? Fluorine Highland Dirks and Stilettos are both types of what? Daggers Fish-oils and egg yolk are both rich in which Vitamin? Vitamin D Plasterers and Diggers are both types of what sort of insect? Wasps How long is a vicennial? Every 20 years What name is given to a female badger? Sow If a male cat is a tom, what is a female? Queen A musquash fur comes from which animal? Musk Rat What was unusual about the UK Nobel Prize Winner stamps issued in 2001? Scented What type of animals are cervidae? Deer The first UK self-adhesive stamps depicted what? Cats Gypsum is more correctly known by what chemical name? Hydrated calcium sulphate What is the chemical symbol of promethium? Pm Which Miletus-born Presocratic philosopher is sometimes called 'The Father of Science'? Thales The quagga is a subspecies of which animal? Zebra Which class of subatomic particles is named from the Greek for 'heavy'? Baryons Which Ancient Greek astronomer both discovered the precession of the equinoxes, and may have compiled the first star catalogue? Hipparchus Which kitchen appliance did Denis Papin introduce in 1679? Pressure Cooker Which vitamin deficiency causes beri-beri? B1 Which class of subatomic articles is named from the Greek for 'thick'? Hadrons In which year were self-adhesive stamps introduced to the UK? 2001 Which type of creature has the largest brain relative to body size yet known? Ant Asparagus, leeks and tulips are all part of which plant family? Lily Archangel and Havana Brown are both breeds of what animal? Cat Which mathematician is (possibly fancifully) often credited with inventing roul	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,723	In which American state was oil first discovered	Oil Industry - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Many of the early explorers of America encountered petroleum deposits in some form. They noted oil slicks off the coast of California in the sixteenth century. Louis Evans located deposits along the eastern seaboard on a 1775 map of the English Middle Colonies. Did You Know? In 1933, Standard Oil secured the first contract to drill for oil in Saudia Arabia. Settlers used oil as an illuminant for medicine, and as grease for wagons and tools. Rock oil distilled from shale became available as kerosene even before the Industrial Revolution began. While traveling in Austria, John Austin, a New York merchant, observed an effective, cheap oil lamp and made a model that upgraded kerosene lamps. Soon the U.S. rock oil industry boomed as whale oil increased in price owing to the growing scarcity of that mammal. Samuel Downer, Jr., an early entrepreneur, patented “Kerosene” as a trade name in 1859 and licensed its usage. As oil production and refining increased, prices collapsed, which became characteristic of the industry. The first oil corporation, which was created to develop oil found floating on water near Titusville, Pennsylvania , was the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company of Connecticut (later the Seneca Oil Company). George H. Bissell, a New York lawyer, and James Townsend, a New Haven businessman, became interested when Dr. Benjamin Silliman of Yale University analyzed a bottle of the oil and said it would make an excellent light. Bissell and several friends purchased land near Titusville and engaged Edwin L. Drake to locate the oil there. Drake employed William Smith, an expert salt driller, to supervise drilling operations and on August 27, 1859, they struck oil at a depth of sixty-nine feet. So far as is known, this was the first time that oil was tapped at its source, using a drill. Titusville and other towns in the area boomed. One of those who heard about the discovery was John D. Rockefeller . Because of his entrepreneurial instincts and his genius for organizing companies, Rockefeller became a leading figure in the U.S. oil industry. In 1859, he and a partner operated a commission firm in Cleveland. They soon sold it and built a small oil refinery. Rockefeller bought out his partner and in 1866 opened an export office in New York City . The next year he, his brother William, S. V. Harkness, and Henry M. Flagler created what was to become the Standard Oil Company. Flagler is considered by many to have been nearly as important a figure in the oil business as John D. himself. Additional discoveries near the Drake well had led to the creation of numerous firms and the Rockefeller company quickly began to buy out or combine with its competitors. As John D. phrased it, their purpose was “to unite our skill and capital.” By 1870 Standard had become the dominant oil refining firm in Pennsylvania. Pipelines early became a major consideration in Standard’s drive to gain business and profits. Samuel Van Syckel had built a four-mile pipeline from Pithole, Pennsylvania, to the nearest railroad. When Rockefeller observed this, he began to acquire pipelines for Standard. Soon the company owned a majority of the lines, which provided cheap, efficient transportation for oil. Cleveland became a center of the refining industry principally because of its transportation systems. When product prices declined, the ensuing panic led to the beginning of a Standard Oil alliance in 1871. Within eleven years the company became partially integrated horizontally and vertically and ranked as one of the world’s great corporations. The alliance employed an industrial chemist, Hermann Frasch II, to remove sulfur from oil found at Lima, Ohio . Sulfur made distilling kerosene very difficult, and even then it possessed a vile odor—another problem Frasch solved. Thereafter, Standard employed scientists both to improve its product and for pure research. Soon kerosene replaced other illuminants; it was more reliable, efficient, and economical than other fuels. Eastern cities linked to the oil fields by rail	Silvergate Prep Jeopardy Template 100 Princess Peach In video gaming, what is the name of the princess whom Mario repeatedly stops Bowser from kidnapping? 100 What does Woody from Toy Story have in his boot? 100 We just set a goal, talkin' matchin' Lambos 100 what is the hottest planet 100 Who was the second president of the United States? 200 What Nintendo system was released after the N64 and before the Wii 200 What animals portray surfer dudes in Finding Nemo? 200 Chains Nick jonas I gave all my heart but she won't heal my soul She tasted a break and I can't get more 200 All land-dwelling living things depend upon what source of energy 200 Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 300 What color is the ring of death on an Xbox that signifies a hardware failure? 300 Which Princess is in the Disney classic Aladdin? 300 Drake best i ever had Cause she hold me down every time I hit her up When I get right I promise that we gone live it up 300 The only planet that has a day longer than its year is ... 300 What did "prohibition" outlaw in the early 1900s? 400 In Mortal Kombat, what phrase is heard when scorpion uses his spear. 400 Which film does Eddie Murphy do the voice-over for a red Chinese dragon? 400 Beyonce irreplaceable Because you was untrue Rollin' her around in the car that I bought you Baby drop them keys Hurry up before your taxi leaves 400 Who was the first American to Orbit the Earth 400 Who allied with America during the Revolutionary war 500 The legend of Zelda Which 1986 Nintendo game is set in the fantasy land of Hyrule, and centres on a boy named Link? 500 Name the rock on which Simba will stand as King in Lion King 500 I want it that way Backstreet Boys Tell me why Ain't nothin' but a heartache Tell me why Ain't nothin' but a mistake Tell me why	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,724	What sort of Tuesday did the Rolling Stones sing about in their 1967 hit?	Ruby Tuesday - The Rolling Stones \| Song Info \| AllMusic The Rolling Stones google+ Song Review by Richie Unterberger "Ruby Tuesday" is a good candidate for the most melodic Mick Jagger-Keith Richards composition ever, and it was a number one hit in early 1967. This is one of the few Rolling Stones songs that could be fairly said to be as melodic as any of the best Lennon-McCartney compositions. That's not to say that some of their more basic hits weren't great; it's more to note that the Rolling Stones did write some classic pop melodies as well. It also employs a very effective contrast between the moods of the verses and choruses. The verses, softly sung by Jagger, with a bit of vocal harmony; at the end of the very first line, he hits one of the lowest notes in his entire oeuvre, so low, in fact, that he has trouble hitting it clearly. Those verses are backed by gentle piano and wonderful recorder (by Brian Jones). The choruses, on the other hand, are far more harder-hitting, introducing drums and yearning harmonized vocals, taken at a mid-tempo rock pace before coming to a dramatic pause at the conclusion of each one. The very brief recorder solo by Jones -- in a plaintive, almost quasi-classical Renaissance style, as it is throughout the recording -- that dominates the instrumental tag adds an appropriately melancholic touch to the classic. In lyrical as well as musical attitude, "Ruby Tuesday" seems a notable departure from the kinds of putdowns the Stones had specialized in during the mid-'60s. The girl who is "Ruby Tuesday" seems to be a very promiscuous if very seductive and desirable one. Rather than complaining about her stuck-upness, however, Jagger's vocal seems wistfully observational, rather than critical, acknowledging that there is no way to permanently possess the affections of this free spirit. (According to Roy Carr in The Rolling Stones: An Illustrated Record, the song is "supposedly about a well-known groupie.") "Ruby Tuesday," interestingly, was intended as the B-side of "Let's Spend the Night Together." When the A-side turned out to be too hot to handle for many radio programmers due to its sexual implications, they played the flip side -- no great loss to the Stones (who got their number one single with it), or to the audience, since it was a better song anyway. Like another Stones ballad, "Lady Jane," "Ruby Tuesday" would be subjected to an elongated, Baroque-classical-psychedelic-soul treatment by the Rotary Connection on their 1967 debut album. The most noted interpretation, unexpectedly, may have been by folk-rock singer Melanie, who did an anguished, slow, and surprisingly credible version on her 1970 Candles in the Rain album. Appears On	The Rolling Stones Release 'Beggars Banquet' \| World History Project Dec 6 1968 The Rolling Stones Release 'Beggars Banquet' Of the 19 songs on the two albums, there are two that stand out head and shoulders above anything else. And no, they aren't the obvious ones most would think of. I'm talking about "Jigsaw Puzzle" and "Monkey Man". Unfortunately ignored on 40 Licks, both tunes capture the band's blues rock at its finest. "Jigsaw Puzzle" starts a bit stilted before finding its legs by the second verse and definitely by the initial chorus. Source: Jason MacNeil Added by: Rob Brent Beggars Banquet is the seventh studio album by the English rock band The Rolling Stones. It was released by Decca Records in the United Kingdom and London Records in the United States in December 1968. It marked a return to the band's R&B roots, generally viewed as more primal than the conspicuous psychedelia of Their Satanic Majesties Request. Following the long sessions for the previous album in 1967 and the departure of producer and manager Andrew Loog Oldham, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards hired producer Jimmy Miller, who had produced the Spencer Davis Group and Traffic. The partnership would prove to be a success and Miller would work with the band until 1973. In March, the band began recording their new album, aiming for a July release. One of the first tracks cut, "Jumpin' Jack Flash", was released only as a single in May 1968, becoming a major hit. Beggars Banquet was Brian Jones's last full effort with the Rolling Stones. In addition to his slide guitar on "No Expectations", he played harmonica on "Dear Doctor", "Parachute Woman" (along with Mick Jagger) and "Prodigal Son"; sitar and tambura on "Street Fighting Man"; mellotron on "Stray Cat Blues" and backing vocals on "Sympathy for the Devil". By June, the sessions were nearly completed in England, with some final overdubbing and mixing to be done in Los Angeles during July. However, both Decca Records in England and London Records in the US rejected the planned cover design - a graffiti-covered lavatory wall. The band initially refused to change the cover, resulting in several months' delay in the release of the album. By November, however, the Rolling Stones gave in, allowing the album to be released in December with a simple white cover imitating an invitation card. (The letters R.S.V.P. that appear on this version of the cover are an abbreviation of the French phrase répondez, s'il vous plaît, which means "please respond".) The idea of a plain album cover was also implemented by The Beatles for their eponymous white-sleeved double-album, which was released one month prior to Beggars Banquet. This similarity, coupled with Beggars Banquet's later release, garnered the Rolling Stones accusations of imitating the Beatles. In 1984, the original cover art was released with the initial CD remastering of Beggars Banquet. Critics considered the LP as a return to form. It was also a clear commercial success, reaching #3 in the UK and #5 in the US (on the way to eventual platinum status). The original LP pressing did not credit Rev. Robert Wilkins as the writer of "Prodigal Son". His performance of "Prodigal Son" at the 1964 Newport Folk Festival was included on the Vanguard LP Blues at Newport, Volume 2; that performance is similar to the Stones' cover. On 10–11 December 1968 the band filmed a television extravaganza entitled The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus featuring John Lennon, Eric Clapton, The Who and Jethro Tull among the musical guests. One of the original aims of the project was to promote Beggars Banquet, but the film was shelved by the Rolling Stones until 1996, when it was finally released officially. In August 2002, ABKCO Records reissued Beggars Banquet as a newly remastered LP and SACD/CD hybrid disk. This release corrected an important flaw in the original album by restoring each song to its proper, slightly faster speed. Due to an error in the mastering, Beggars Banquet was heard for over thirty years at a slower speed than it was recorded. This had the effect of a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,725	Where did the 2014 Umbrella Revolution happen?	Don't Call Hong Kong's Protests an 'Umbrella Revolution' - The Atlantic The Atlantic Don't Call Hong Kong's Protests an 'Umbrella Revolution' How the language of revolt hides demonstrators' true goals Tyrone Siu/Reuters Print Text Size Rewind to September 22. I’m at a students’ rally marking the beginning of a five-day class strike at the Chinese University of Hong Kong to protest limits Beijing has imposed on the city’s ability to elect its chief executive. The class strike is being led by the Hong Kong Federation of Students, and also at the rally are representatives of another group, Occupy Central With Love and Peace, which last year started discussing a sit-in in Hong Kong’s business district . Occupy Central leader Chan Kin-man tells me he has already set his sights on the post-Occupy democratic movement, and discusses a social-media strategy aimed at achieving universal suffrage. It’s clear that the movement’s long-running battle for democracy will continue well after the dust of Occupy has settled. The original plan is to host a “democracy banquet”—the codename for a civil-disobedience campaign comprising students and other activists—in Central on October 1. Chan and his fellow organizers expect that more than 10,000 people will stage sit-ins on the roads, their arms linked in solidarity. They also expect that by October 3, police will start breaking up the human chain and send the demonstrators to detention centers. The activists have vowed to face jail rather than resist arrest. The point, says Chan, a sociology professor at Chinese University, is simply to pressure Beijing to fulfill the promise it made after the British handed sovereignty over the city back to the Chinese in 1997—to allow true democracy in Hong Kong. Related Story The Americans Who Inspired Hong Kong's Protesters Fast-forward to today, when the protests appear to be settling into the long-term struggle Chan envisioned. The events that unfolded after those class boycotts have caught everyone by surprise, shocking the city, Communist Party leaders, and the world—as well as the student movement and Occupy organizers themselves. The initial plan started to fall apart on September 26, when a clash between students and police at the end of their strike triggered a mass protest outside the government’s headquarters, a 10-minute walk from Central. On the morning of September 28, Benny Tai, another Occupy leader, declared that the sit-in at Central would start early. What happened thereafter was an unscripted pro-democracy movement. But it was anything but an “umbrella revolution,” as the Western media have now dubbed the protests. Most local media outlets, such as the South China Morning Post, have avoided the term, continuing to refer to the protests as “Occupy Central,” the “Occupy Central conflict,” or even the “political reform storm.” When local media have referred to the umbrella—which became the default icon of the Occupy movement internationally after demonstrators used umbrellas as defense against police’s pepper spray—they have referred not to an “umbrella revolution,” but to an “umbrella movement” or “umbrella democracy movement.” The key leaders and supporters of Occupy have similarly refrained from likening the protests to a revolution. Joshua Wong, leader of Scholarism, a high-school students’ group that has played a key role in the democracy movement, said at an October 4 rally: “We are not seeking revolution. We just want democracy.” Lester Shum, the deputy head of the Hong Kong Federation of Students, said: “This is not a color revolution”—the term widely applied to movements that led to the overthrow of three governments in the former Soviet Union in the early 2000s. A group of academics has issued a separate statement insisting that the protests are not a revolution. Beijing has adopted the term “revolution” to paint the protesters as extreme. This attempt to remove the label “revolution” from Hong Kong’s pro-democracy protests is deliberate, and came after China’s official media gave its early verdict on the demonstrations. In one	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,726	What name is given to the Jewish candlestick with special religious meaning?	Candles a Christian Symbol Candles a Christian Symbol The Importance of Catholic Symbolism or Icons in Religious Art Religious Information, Meaning and Definition of Candles a Christian Symbol Candles a Christian and Religious symbolism with Bible References Symbolism and early religious meaning in art of Candles Religious Christian Symbolism of Candles Ancient history, biblical meanings and practices of the church Facts, Information, Meanings and Definitions Significance and representations of the Candles Candles a Christian Symbol Christian Symbolism The definition and the meaning of Symbols or Icon in early religious art forms. A Catholic sign or icon, such as the Candles a Christian Symbol, is an object, character, figure, or color used to represent abstract ideas or concepts - a picture that represents an idea. A religious icon, such as the Candles provide an image or symbolic representation with sacred significance. The meanings, origins and ancient traditions surrounding Christian symbols date back to early times when the majority of ordinary people were not able to read or write and printing was unknown. Many were 'borrowed' or drawn from early pre-Christian traditions. The candle is used in the religious ceremonies of many different faiths. The lighting effects created by candles were used for for decoration and ambiance. In Christianity a candle is a symbol that represents the light of God or the light of Christ. The Definition and Meaning of the Candles as a Catholic Christian Symbol Catholic Christian symbolism in art provides a clear graphic illustration which represents people or items of religious significance. What is the definition and the meaning of the use of Candles in religion? The Candles as Christian Symbols represents the light of God or the light of Christ. Candles are used in processions, at the altar and are lit as a sign of remembrance or to accompany prayer. Candlemas Candlemas celebrates the Feast of the Presentation of Our Lord in the Temple which is held on February 2nd. The term Candlemas derives from the tradition of blessing candles on this feast and carrying them in procession as a symbol of the "Light to Lighten the Nations". The Seven-Branched Candlestick - the Menorah The The Seven-Branched Candlestick, called the Menorah, represents the Holy Spirit and its seven gifts: Wisdom The Colors of the Candles The colors of candles is significant: White Candles represent the liturgical color of Christmas. On Christmas Eve the Christmas wreath has a white candle in the center symbolising purity and joy. It is known as the Christ candle which represents Christ born on Christmas day. The Pink candle, the Advent candle used on the third Sunday of Advent traditionally when the congregation was given a break from fasting Purple candles match the liturgical color of Advent Some religions use Blue candles during Lent Reference to the Candles in the Bible The Easton Bible Dictionary provides the following definition, meaning and emblem for the Candles a Christian Symbol in the Bible. Heb. ner, Job 18:6; 29:3; Ps. 18:28; Prov. 24:20, in all which places the Revised Version and margin of Authorized Version have "lamp," by which the word is elsewhere frequently rendered. The Hebrew word denotes properly any kind of candle or lamp or torch. It is used as a figure of conscience (Prov. 20:27), of a Christian example (Matt. 5:14, 15), and of prosperity (Job 21:17; Prov. 13:9). John 1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was with God in the beginning. 3 Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. 4 In him was life, and that life was the light of men. 5 The light shines in the darkness, but the darkness has not understood it. "I am the Light of the World" (John 8:12). The Importance of Catholic Symbolism of candles Religious Information, Meaning and Definition of Candles Candles a Christian and Religious sym	The Aphrodite’s Spa Hotel, Luxury Boutique Hotel, Windermere Hotel The Windermere Boutique Hotel, Luxury Hot Tub Suites, Windermere Hotel Christmas Traditions throughout the World! With the Christmas countdown well and truly underway, many of our thoughts in the UK will be turning to mince pies, Christmas carols, roast turkey and Brussel sprouts. Every country celebrates the festive season differently and some of the most unusual traditions worldwide include: KFC Christmas in Japan If you think sushi may be on the menu in Japan over Christmas, think again. After a cutting-edge marketing campaign which began in Japan in 1974, Kentucky Fried Chicken has been associated with Christmas. The Colonel´s famous chicken is eaten widely throughout Japan over the Christmas period. Over 240,000 barrels of the stuff will be sold during Christmas – almost 10 times its normal monthly sales. The ´Caganer´ in Catalonia, Spain Strange but true, the Catalonian ´Caganer´ is a figure of a Catalan man wearing traditional clothes, squatting with his trousers around his ankles. Dating back to the 18th century, his poo is a sign of good luck as it is said to fertilise the earth and ensure a good harvest for the coming year. Closely associated is the ´Caga Tió´ which is a small log with a smiley face wearing a traditional Catalan hat. Small children ´feed´ the ´Caga Tio´ with nougat and fudge and keep it warm under a blanket so that he will ´poo´ out lots of treats on Christmas Eve. Saint Nicholas and the Devil in Austria A traditional Christmas story is told in Austria every 4 December. Saint Nicholas is said to visit children along with the devil. The two ask the children if they have been good or bad. If the children say they have been bad, the devil tries to strike them with a stick. St. Nicholas sends them running so he can protect them from the devil. On December 6, St. Nicholas´ Day, good children receive fruits, sweets and toys. Midnight mass is held on Christmas Eve and a traditional meal is baked carp. A nativity scene is displayed in most homes. Shoe-tossing in the Czech Republic Single people in the Czech Republic who are looking for a partner stand with their backs to the door on Christmas Day and toss a shoe over their shoulders. If the shoe lands pointing to the door they will get married soon. If not, they will have to wait until next year. Remembrance in Finland Families in Finland enjoy a day of remembrance on Christmas Eve when they visit the graves of their ancestors and light candles. Cemeteries throughout Finland are lit up, presenting a beautiful and emotional scene. Saving the Goat in Sweden In 1966, a 13 metre tall goat was made of straw and erected in Gavle town square. The goat went up in flames at midnight on Christmas Eve. Local carried on building the goat, year after year while vandals continued to burn it down. By 2011 the Gavle goat had been burned down 25 times, including in 2001 when a USA tourist was jailed for the offence. If you are looking for somewhere special in the UK to relax after the festive season, check out our luxurious spa hotel with hot tub suites in Windermere. Nov 27, 2015 Book a New Year Break in the Lake District The Lake District is one of the most popular holiday destinations in the UK, attracting an average of 16 million visitors each year, and New Year is a special time to visit. If you want to get away from it all after a busy festive season, and avoid the summer crowds, book a New Year Break in the Lake District. Whether you want to base yourself in Windermere, Kendal, Appleby or Keswick, you will find plenty of things to see and do in January. Make it a break to remember and book a luxury hotel in the Lake District or a spa hotel in Windermere to welcome the New Year in style. A huge range of accommodation is available in the Lake District, and you can make the most of luxury suites with hot tubs, award winning restaurants and cosy country pubs. The Lake District is also famous for its food, including local lamb, Cumberland sausages and Westmorland rabbit. A wide choice of restaurants a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,727	In which year did Queen Elizabeth make her first Christmas speech?	The Christmas Broadcast, 1957 - YouTube The Christmas Broadcast, 1957 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Dec 20, 2007 The first televised Christmas Broadcast or 'Queen's Speech', filmed at Sandringham House in Norfolk. Category	BBC News \| UK \| The tradition of the Queen's speech Tuesday, 25 December, 2001, 16:26 GMT The tradition of the Queen's speech The Queen said 1992 had been 'annus horribilus' The Queen's message to the Commonwealth on December 25 has become as traditional a part of the British Christmas as roast turkey and Christmas pudding. Millions of people across the United Kingdom turn on the television to watch the Queen sum up the year and offer the season's greetings to her subjects. Millions more around the world listen to the speech on their radios and, nowadays, on the Internet. The tradition was begun by the Queen's grandfather, King George V, in 1932. In the early days, the message went out live but from 1960 onwards it was recorded a few days in advance. In the past, most of the speeches have been regarded as uncontroversial, even a little dull. The notable exception was the 1992 broadcast - the Queen labelled that year an "annus horribilis". A royal Christmas In 1932 when King George V made the first royal Christmas broadcast to what was then the British Empire, it was transmitted live from his small study at Sandringham, in Norfolk, where the royal family always spend their Christmas holidays. The speech was scripted by the famous author, Rudyard Kipling, and began with the words: "I speak now from my home and from my heart to you all." Queen Elizabeth II made her first Christmas broadcast on BBC radio in 1952. Her first televised speech took place in 1957. The contents of the speech are always top secret until it is first transmitted. In 1987 the BBC hit the headlines when its royal correspondent of the time, Michael Cole, accidentally revealed some of its contents. King George V made the first royal Christmas broadcast in 1932 In her 1992 "annus horribilus" speech, the Queen, expressed her sorrow at a year which saw the break-up of two family marriages, one divorce and the fire at Windsor Castle. That year, as in many others, she began with references to Sandringham and her own family: "I first came here for Christmas as a grandchild. Nowadays my children come here for the same family festival. To me this continuity is a great source of comfort in a world of tension and violence." She then went on to speak of how the "sombre year" had been put into perspective by the example of a close friend, who, suffering from a terminal illness had continued to put others first. This was also the year in which the Sun newspaper printed leaked details of the speech on December 23, much to the dismay of Buckingham Palace. The message in the making The speech has traditionally been filmed in great secrecy at Sandringham in the week before Christmas. But in recent years it has been filmed at Windsor Castle and Buckingham Palace. The Queen speaks directly to camera and the package usually features royal footage from the year. It is sent in advance around the world to 17 Commonwealth countries, to be broadcast at a convenient local time. As a result of leaks in the press in previous years, many media outlets do not receive the text of the Queen's address until late on Christmas Eve. The BBC lost exclusive broadcasting rights in 1995 The speech was traditionally produced by the BBC but in recent years the job has been shared with Independent Television News (ITN) on a rotating basis. When Buckingham Palace decided to end the BBC's monopoly on the rights to produce the speech, it was seen by some as a deliberate snub in retaliation for its Panorama interview with the Princess of Wales in November 1995, which was not sanctioned by Buckingham Palace. However the palace denied that a slight was intended and said that it had been considering for some time how to involve the ITV network as well as the BBC, "so that the arrangements reflect the composition of the television and radio industries today". Internet links:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,728	Over which course is the 'Whitbread Gold Cup' run?	Big Race History: Bet365 Gold Cup - Course Specialist Big Race History: Bet365 Gold Cup Published April 22, 2014 \| Posted by Andrew Pelis Tidal Bay winning the Bet365 Gold Cup of 2012 Image reproduced with the kind permission of Sandown Park Racecourse The Bet365 Gold Cup is the traditional end of season highlight at Sandown Park at the end of April. The Grade 3 handicap chase often attracts a top class line-up despite being a handicap and is open to horses aged five years and older. It is run over a distance of about 3 miles and 5½ furlongs and there are 24 fences to be negotiated. Because of the race’s timing, it often attracts a fascinating mixture of Gold Cup and Grand National class runners, competing alongside the season’s novice chasers. The inaugural race took place in 1957 as the Whitbread Gold Cup and maintained this sponsorship until 2001. To many people the race is still referred to as ‘The Whitbread’ and Whitbread Brewers’ Chairman Colonel Bill Whitbread was a big supporter of National Hunt racing who had twice ridden in the Grand National as an amateur rider. The race has been won by some of the great names in jumps racing including Taxidermist, Pas Seul, Arkle, What A Myth, Larbawn, Titus Oates, The Dikler, Diamond Edge, Desert Orchid and Mr Frisk. The 1973 race took place at Newcastle Racecourse over an extended distance of 3 miles and 6 furlongs and on three occasions the first past the post has been thrown out: Proud Tarquin in 1974, Cahervillahow in 1991 and Givus a Buck in 1993. Despite the race’s competitive nature, four horses have won the race twice: Larbawn in 1968 and 1969, Diamond Edge in 1979 and 1981, Topsham Bay in 1992 and 1993 and Ad Hoc in 2001 and 2003. Diamond Edge’s two victories contributed towards trainer Fulke Walwyn’s total record haul of seven successes in the race; Walwyn’s The Dikler was one of three wins for jockey Ron Barry, the most successful jockey in the race. Much Obliged won the inaugural race and the following year Taxidermist really launched the career of one of racing’s greats Mr John Lawrence, later known as Lord Oaksey, the founder of the Injured Jockeys’ Fund. Taxidermist was a good horse and followed-up in the Hennessy Gold Cup later that autumn. In 1961, the previous year’s Gold Cup winner Pas Seul took the prize for Bob Turnell in what became a golden era for the race. Other Gold Cup winners to win the Whitbread in the 1960s were Arkle, Mill House and What a Myth and then the two Gifford brothers, Macer and Josh, both rode Larbawn to victory to end the decade. Fulke Walwyn trained Charlie Potheen and another Gold Cup winner The Dikler to back-to-back victories and Charlie Potheen became only the third horse (after Gold Cup winners Pas Seul and Arkle) to win the race carrying 12 stone or more. Walwyn’s third win in the 1970s came courtesy of the powerful and popular Diamond Edge, a real tearaway with class in spades, who would win a second Whitbread in 1981 and a Hennessy – and took part in the greatest Whitbread of them all as we shall see. Royal Mail won a dramatic renewal in 1980 and Josh Gifford proved he could train as well as ride Whitbread winners when Shady Deal took the 1982 running. Shady Deal’s rider Richard Rowe would repeat that accomplishment thanks to Eulogy in 1999. The Irish chaser Drumlargan was a rare Irish winner in 1983. But the race many people still recall was the 1984 renewal. Diamond Edge was back at the grand old age of 13 and racing off top weight, after only one comeback race in two years. His 12 rivals included some classy horses like Ashley House and the novice Lettoch, both representing Michael Dickinson in his battle for the trainer’s title with Fred Winter, who ran Plundering – whoever out of the two won the race would win the championship. But Fulke Walwyn was not content to just send his old warrior into battle and added a second challenger in the shape of the Queen Mother’s Special Cargo. Donegal Prince was an early faller and badly hampered Lettoch whilst Polar Express and Diamond Edge bowled along up front from Special Cargo	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 12th October – The Questions 12th October – The Questions Specialist questions set by Waters Green Rams. General knowledge questions set by Church House, Bollington. All vetted by Harrington Academicals. SPECIALIST ROUNDS- 1. SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE 2. SCIENCE 5. TIME FOR THE KIDS 6. POLITICS ROUND ONE - SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE – News stories of the summer 1. Which actor, born Bernard Schwartz in 1925, died in September 2010? TONY CURTIS 2. In June, Princess Victoria married her former personal trainer Daniel Westling. Of which country is she a princess? SWEDEN 3. Which 74 year-old singing Dame received poor reviews when she appeared on a UK stage for the first time in 30 years at the London O2 in May? JULIE ANDREWS 4. What name was given to the tent city that was set up at the top of the San Jose pit shaft in Chile, where 33 miners were trapped? CAMP ESPERANZA (original Spanish name) or CAMP HOPE 5. Goodluck Jonathan became President of which country in May? NIGERIA 6. The Savile Enquiry finally delivered its findings on which event of 38 years ago? BLOODY SUNDAY (January 1972 in Derry) 7. Why was Mary Bale in the news in August? She was filmed on CCTV putting a CAT into a WHEELIE BIN in Coventry. 8. Which major New Zealand city was hit by an earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale? CHRISTCHURCH Supp 1 Which company, with its head-quarters in Windermere, was declared the UK’s best retailer by Which? Magazine? LAKELAND Supp 2 Why was Terry Jones of Gainesville, Florida in the news in September? He planned to BURN copies of the KORAN outside his church. ROUND TWO – SCIENCE 1. Which scientist was born in Shrewsbury in 1809 and died at Down House in Kent in 1882? CHARLES DARWIN 2. Which acid was traditionally known as Oil Of Vitriol or Spirit Of Vitriol? SULPHURIC ACID 3. Which heavenly body has moons called Charon, Nix and Hydra? PLUTO 4. William was in prison in 1770, when he invented the toothbrush. What was his surname, still famous in that field today? ADDIS 5. Besides the elephant, which other African mammal is a source of ivory? HIPPOPOTAMUS 6. An amalgam is a compound containing which metal? MERCURY 7. What name is given to a triangle with sides of unequal length? SCALENE 8. What does a Campbell-Stokes Recorder Record? SUNSHINE (not temperature) Supp 1 Scientist William Harvey (born 1578) is famous for his research into what? THE BLOOD (circulation etc.) Supp 2 What is the more common name for triatomic oxygen? OZONE ROUND THREE – SPORT 1. Tony McCoy finally won his first Grand National in 2010 on his 15th ride in the race. Which horse did he ride? DON’T PUSH IT 2. Name either of the 2008 Ryder Cup captains. PAUL AZINGER or NICK FALDO 3. Which sport would you be taking part in if you used a monkey climber, waggler and a plumb? ANGLING / COARSE FISHING 4. Which county won the 2010 County Cricket Championship? NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 5. Which team won the 2010 Rugby League Challenge Cup? WARRINGTON WOLVES ( bt. Leeds Rhinos 30-6 in the final). Accept WARRINGTON. 6. Where will the final race in the 2010 Formula One Series be held? YAS MARINA circuit in ABU DHABI (accept either) 7. According to Wikipedia, which English football ground has the widest pitch and boasts the tallest floodlights? EASTLANDS (home of Manchester City) 8. Which football club holds the record for the fewest wins in a season in the Premier League? DERBY COUNTY – in 2007/8, their record was Played 38, Won 1, Drawn 8, Lost 29. Supp 1 How many times did Alex Higgins win the World Snooker Championship? TWO Supp 2 Which Rugby Union club has made their Premiership debut in the 2010/11 season? EXETER (Chiefs) ROUND FOUR – GEOGRAPHY 1. Which Irish port was known as Kingstown from 1821, after a visit by George IV, until 1921? DUN LAOGHAIRE (pronounced DUNLEARY) 2. Between 1947 and gaining independence in 1971, by what name was the present-day country of Bangladesh known? EAST PAKISTAN 3. Name an African country that, in its normal English spelling, contains the letter Q. MOZAMBIQUE or EQUATORIAL GUINEA. 4. The islands of Hokkaido a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,729	The name of what distinctive Nordic dish translates as 'buried salmon'?	NORDIC GRAVLAX WITH CARAWAY And CORIANDER Recipe - Food.com Cooking with Kids Directions Fill a large bowl with cold water and 4 tbsp salt. Add salmon and let stand 10 minutes. In a skillet, toast RawSpiceBar's Gravlax Spices, stirring constantly, until fragrant, about 1 minute. In a small bowl, stir together salt, sugar & RawSpiceBar's Gravlax Spices until thoroughly combined. Remove salmon and pat dry with paper towels. Turn salmon skin side up and sprinkle about half of spice mixture, rubbing in with fingers. Arrange half the dill all over the bottom of a baking dish large enough to hold salmon. Set salmon skin side down on bed of dill. Rub remaining spice mixture on top and top with remaining dill. Cover with plastic and top with a weight. Refrigerate for 1 day. Unpack salmon and turn skin-side up. Re-pack with dill, cover with plastic and set weight back on top. Refrigerate until salmon is cured, 1 day longer for a lighter cure and 2 days longer for slightly more cure. For the dill sauce: in a blender, combine vinegar with dill, mustard, and sugar and blend until dill is very finely chopped. Add oil and blend until a smooth sauce is formed. Season with salt and pepper. Unpack salmon, removing dill, and set on a work surface. Using a very sharp slicing knife, cut gravlax on the bias into thin slices. Arrange on slices of pumpernickel bread and drizzle sauce on top. Serve. Would you like to attach a photo to your submission? Browse The image has been attached to your submission. Close Are you sure you want to report this post for review? Yes, report it. You must be logged in to interact with the activity feed. Log in now	Sashimi, Tokyo Sashimi, Tokyo Cuisine, Gastronomy in Tokyo, Tokyo Speciality Sashimi Sashimi Sashimi is a Japanese delicacy. It primarily consists of very fresh raw seafood, sliced into thin pieces, and served only with a dipping sauce (soy sauce with wasabi paste or such condiments as grated fresh ginger, or ponzu), and such garnishes as shiso and shredded daikon radish. Dimensions vary but are typically about 2.5 cm (1") wide by 4 cm (1.5") long by 0.5 cm (0.2") thick. The word sashimi has been integrated into the English language and is often used to refer to other uncooked fish preparations. Many non-Japanese use the terms sashimi and sushi interchangeably, but the two dishes are actually distinct and separate. Sushi refers to any dish made with vinegared rice; and, while raw fish is one traditional sushi ingredient, many sushi dishes contain seafood that has been cooked, and others have no seafood at all. Sashimi often is the first course in a formal Japanese meal, but it can also be the main course, presented with rice and miso soup in separate bowls. Many Japanese people believe that sashimi, traditionally considered the finest dish in Japanese cuisine, should be eaten before other strong flavors affect the palate. Culinarily, sashimi represents the Japanese cultural appreciation of subtlety. The finer sensation can vary from salmon (not traditionally Japanese) to squid and everything in between. The sliced seafood that composes the main ingredient is typically draped over a garnish. The typical garnish is Asian white radish, daikon, shredded into long thin strands, accompanied by one green perilla leaf per slice. Wasabi paste is sometimes mixed directly into soy sauce as a dipping sauce, which is generally not done when eating sushi, however. Purists denounce the practice of mixing wasabi into soy sauce, saying that this dilutes the sharp hot flavor of wasabi. Another more correct way to flavor soy sauce with wasabi is to place the wasabi mound into the soy sauce dish and then pour it in. This allows the wasabi to infuse the soy sauce more subtly. A reputed motivation for serving wasabi with sashimi (and also gari, pickled ginger), besides its flavor, is killing harmful bacteria and parasites that could be present in raw seafood.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,730	Flags flown on public buildings on November 14th for whose birthday?	Flag Flying Days Flag flying days Days for Hoisting Flag on Government Buildings and other Flag Flying Days From 8am - Sunset Birthday of HRH the Duchess of Cambridge Union Birthday of HRH The Countess of Wessex Union Birthday of The Earl of Wessex Union Birthday of Her Majesty The Queen Union Official Celebration of Her Majesty The Queen's Birthday Birthday of the Duke of Edinburgh Union Birthday of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge Union Remembrance Day (see note 2) Union Birthday of The Prince of Wales Union The day of the opening of a session at The Houses of Parliament by Her Majesty (see note 3) The day of the prorogation of a session of The Houses of Parliament by Her Majesty (see note 3) () Flags should be flown on this day in WALES only () Flags should be flown on this day in ENGLAND only (**) Flags should be flown on this day in SCOTLAND only Where a building has two or more flagstaffs the appropriate National flag may be flown in addition to the Union Flag but not in a superior position. Remembrance Day is the 2nd Sunday in November. Flags should be flown at full mast. Flags should be flown on this day irrespective of whether or not Her Majesty performs the ceremony in person, but only on buildings in the Greater London area. The Royal Standard is never hoisted when Her Majesty is passing in procession: if The Queen is to be present in a building, instructions should be sought through the Ministry of Public Buildings and Works (Secretariat A.2/4) Rules for Hoisting Flags of Government Buildings THE FOLLOWING REGULATIONS ARE CIRCULATED BY HER MAJESTY'S COMMAND TO THE GOVERNMENT OFFICES CONCERNED DATES ON WHICH FLAGS ARE TO BE FLOWN The dates named in the accompanying schedule The only additions to the schedule will be those notified to the Ministry of Public Building Works by Her Majesty's command and they will be communicated by the Ministry of Public Building and Works to the other Departments. PROVINCIAL BUILDINGS The schedule applies to provincial as well as to London Buildings (but see notes 1 & 3) where it has been the practice as in the case of some Customs Houses, to fly the flag daily, that practice may continue. OCCASIONS ON WHICH FLAGS ARE TO BE FLOWN AT HALF MAST (a) From the announcement of the death up to the funeral of the Sovereign, except on Proclamation Day, when which they are hoisted full mast from 11am - sunset. (b) The funerals of members of The Royal Family, subject to special commands from Her Majesty in each case. (c) The funerals of Foreign Rulers, subject to special commands from Her Majesty in each case. (d) The funerals of Prime Ministers and ex-Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom (e) Other occasions by special command of Her Majesty which will be communicated by the Ministry of Public Building and Works to other departments. RULES WHEN DAYS FOR FLYING FLAGS COINCIDE WITH DAYS FOR FLYING FLAGS AT HALF MAST To be flown : (a) Although a member of the Royal Family or, near relative of the Royal Family, may be lying dead unless special commands are received from Her Majesty to the contrary. (b) Although it may be the day of the funeral of a Foreign Ruler. If the body of a very distinguished subject is lying at a Government Office the flag may fly as half mast on that office until the body has left (provided it is a day on which the flag would fly) and then the flag is to be hoisted full mast. On all other Public Buildings the flag will fly as usual.	The Traditions Of Guy Fawkes Night Guy Fawkes Night is celebrated in Britain annually on November 5th. The event is accompanied by firework displays, the lighting of bonfires and the ceremonial effigy-burning of one Guy Fawkes. The origin of this celebration stems from events which took place in 1605 and was a conspiracy known as "The Gunpowder Plot," intended to take place on November 5th of that year (the day set for the opening of Parliament). The object of The Gunpowder Plot was to blow up English Parliament along with the ruling monarch, King James I. It was hoped that such a disaster would initiate a great uprising of English Catholics, who were distressed by the increased severity of penal laws against the practice of their religion. The conspirators, who began plotting early in 1604, eventually expanded their members to a point where secrecy was impossible. One of their number, Thomas Percy (who had contacts at the Court of King James), hired a cellar beneath the House of Lords. Within this cellar were secretly stored 36 barrels (almost two tons) of gunpowder, overlaid with iron bars and firewood. The plan went awry, however, by way of a myserious letter received by Lord Monteagle on October 26th (10 days prior to the opening of Parliament). Monteagle, brother-in-law of Francis Tresham (another of the conspirators and likely author of the correspondence...although this was never proven), was urged in the letter not to attend Parliament on opening day. When the message was revealed to the First Earl of Salisbury and others, they took steps which led to the discovery of the hidden cache and the arrest of Guy Fawkes on the night of November 4th as he entered the cellar. The majority of the other conspirators, either overtaken as they attempted to flee or seized shortly thereafter, were killed outright, imprisoned or executed. While the plot itself was the work of a small number of men, it provoked hostility against all British Catholics and led to an increase in the harshness of laws against them. Even to this day, it is the law that no Roman Catholic may hold the office of monarch and the reigning king or queen remains Supreme Head of the Church of England. A modern theory regarding the involvement of Guy Fawkes in the Gunpower Plot is that he was not trying to blow up the Houses of Parliament at all, but merely attempting to assassinate King James who, it was believed, had reneged on his promise to put a stop to the persecution of Catholics. In any event, it remains unclear whether the conspirators would have been successful in their plan, even if they had not been betrayed. Some believe that the gunpowder they were planning to use was so old as to be useless for the task. Today, one of the ceremonies which accompanies the opening of a new session of Parliament is a traditional searching of the basement by the Yeoman of the Guard. It has been said that for superstitious reasons, no State Opening of Parliament has or ever will be held again on November 5th. This, however, is a fallacy since on at least one occasion (in 1957), Parliament did indeed open on November 5th. The actual cellar employed for the storage of the gunpowder in 1605 by the conspirators was damaged by fire in 1834 and totally destroyed during the rebuilding of the Palace of Westminster in the Nineteenth Century. Also known as "Firework Night" and "Bonfire Night," November 5th was designated by King James I (via an Act of Parliament) as a day of thanksgiving for "the joyful day of deliverance." This Act remained in force until 1859. On the very night of the thwarted Gunpowder Plot, it is said that the populace of London celebrated the defeat by lighting fires and engaging in street festivities. It would appear that similar celebrations took place on each anniversary and, over the years, became a tradition. In many areas, a holiday was observed, although it is not celebrated in Northern Ireland. Guy Fawkes Night is not solely a British celebration. The tradition was also established in the British colonies by the early American settlers and activel	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,731	The Poaceae or Gramineae family of organisms is better known as?	27.1 · Northwest A & F University Show more authors Abstract odon usage patterns of 23 Poaceae chloroplast genomes were analysed in this study. Neutrality analysis indicated that the codon usage patterns have significant correlations with GC12 and GC3 and also showed strong bias towards a high representation of NNA and NNT codons. The Nc-plot showed that although a large proportion of points follow the parabolic line of trajectory, several genes with low ENc values lie below the expected curve, suggesting that mutational bias played a major role in the codon biology of the Poaceae chloroplast genome. Parity Rule 2 plot analysis showed that T was used more frequently than A in all the genomes. Correspondence analysis of relative synonymous codon usage indicated that the first axis explained only a partial amount of variation of codon usage. Furthermore, the gene length and expression level were also found to drive codon usage variation. These findings revealed that besides natural selection, other factors might also exert some influences in shaping the codon usage bias in Poaceae chloroplast genomes. The optimal codons of these 23 genomes were also identified in this study. Discover the world's research A,B,C,F A State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. C Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Centre, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. College of Animal Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. E These authors contributed equally to this work. F Corresponding author. Email: sweining2002@yahoo.com Abstract. Codon usage patterns of 23 Poaceae chloroplast genomes were analysed in this study. Neutrality analysis indicated that the codon usage patterns have signiﬁcant correlations with GC 12 3 and also showed strong bias towards a high representation of NNA and NNT codons. The Nc-plot showed that although a large proportion of points follow the parabolic line of trajectory, several genes with low ENc values lie below the expected curve, suggesting that mutational bias played a major role in the codon biology of the Poaceae chloroplast genome. Parity Rule 2 plot analysis showed that T was used more frequently than A in all the genomes. Correspondence analysis of relative synonymous codon usage indicated that the ﬁrst axis explained only a partial amount of variation of codon usage. Furthermore, the gene length and expression level were also found to drive codon usage variation. These ﬁndings revealed that besides natural selection, other factors might also exert some inﬂuences in shaping the codon usage bias in Poaceae chloroplast genomes. The optimal codons of these 23 genomes were also identiﬁed in this study. Additional keywords: mutational bias, optimal codon. Received 27 March 2012, accepted 26 May 2012, published online 13 August 2012 Introduction The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) and there are 64 codons coding 20 different amino acids. With the exception of Met and Trp that are encoded by unique codons, other amino acids are encoded by two to six synonymous codons. Even though synonymous codons encode the same amino acids, coding sequences in DNA do not use synonymous codons with equal frequencies within and between organisms (Grantham et al. 1980). It is well known that synonymous codon bias is non- random and species-speciﬁc (Grantham et al.1981). Analysis of the codon usage bias will provide helpful information for understanding the molecular evolution and adaptation of living organisms. A large number of studies have been reported on the synonymous codon usage bias of the nuclear genomes of many plant species (Jia and Xue 2009;Leet al.2011). However, the signiﬁcance of the synonymous codon usage bias of organellar genomes like chloroplast and mitochondria have not been well understood	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,732	What is the name of the model village near Birmingham, owned by a trust, that was founded for the employees of Cadbury in 1895?	John Cadbury John Cadbury John Cadbury The Cadbury family dynasty was started in 1824 by John Cadbury, and strengthened by his sons George and Richard. A devout Quaker, John saw cocoa and chocolate as healthy alternatives to alcohol. He also led a campaign to prohibit the employment of boys as chimney sweeps, and formed the Animals Friend Society, the predecessor to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The same Quaker motivation in his descendants led to the foundation of Bournville Village in the late 1800s for both Cadbury's factory and its workers, and in turn inspired his American competitor, Milton S. Hershey, to do the same. [1] 1801 -- John Cadbury is born. His father was Richard Tapper Cadbury (c. 1768 -- 1860.) Originally Quakers from Exeter, his parents moved to Birmingham in 1794, and set up a silk and drapery shop, and became quite wealthy. John had nine brothers and sisters: James, Ann, Maria, Lucretia, Sarah, Emma Joel (1811 -- 1905), Elizabeth Head, Richard, Benjamin Head, and Joel. Some sources say that no higher education routes were open to John, but that's not quite true: the Manchester Academy in York (now Manchester-Harris College at Oxford University) was open to religious nonconformists. In any event, John decided to follow a career in business. 1818 -- At the age of 17, John apprenticed with a tea dealer in Leeds. 1824 -- At the age of 23, John returned to Birmingham and opened a one-person shop at 93 Bull Street, next to his father's store which sold drapery and silk, in a fashionable part of town. John sold tea, coffee, hops for beer, mustard and drinking chocolate (aka cocoa.) He had a plate glass window installed (a novelty for the time), and hired a Chinese man to work the counter in Chinese costume. John started advertising himself right away. He placed his first newspaper advertisement on 1st March 1824 in the Birmingham Gazette. To make drinking chocolate, he ground up the cocoa beans in mortars and pestles, blended it with sugar, and formed it into blocks for the customers to take home. Customers would use it by scraping some off as a powder into hot water or milk. 1826 -- John married Priscilla Ann Dymond (1799 -– 1828.) 1828 -- Priscilla died. The couple did not have any children. 1831 -- John decided to expand his capacity in cocoa and drinking chocolate. He kept the store, but he rented an old malthouse to use as a factory for chocolate manufacturing. 1832 -- John remarried to Candia Barrow (1805 -–1855.) They would have seven children in all, though one died as an infant and only three others made it past the age of thirty-two. The children were: John (1834 -- 1866), Richard (1835 -- 1899), Maria (1838 -- 1908), George (19 September 1839 -- 1922), Joseph (1841 -- 1841), Edward (1843 -- 1866), and Henry (1845 -- 1875.) 1839 -- John and Claudia were living in Edgbaston, Birmingham. 1842 -- By now, John was making eleven different kinds of cocoa, and sixteen different kinds of drinking chocolate. 1847 -- John rented a larger factory on Bridge Street , in Birmingham city centre off Broad Street. Up till now, his brother, Benjamin Head Cadbury (1798 -- 23 January 1880; married Candia Wadkin 1803 -- 1887: no sons, seven daughters) had worked in their parents' drapery shop. In 1847, John brought Benjamin into the business as a partner, and they traded as the "Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham." 1849 -- John got his nephew, his sister Sarah's son, Richard Cadbury Barrow, to look after the retail side of things in the store on Bull Street. That small store would evolve into the Barrow Stores of Birmingham, which lasted in business until the 1960s. 1850 -- John brought his son Richard on board. Richard was just fifteen at the time. Richard would later marry an Elizabeth Adlington (1838 -- 1868); they seem to have had around 24 children, one of which was William Adlington (1867 -- 1957), later to play a large role in the business. William himself would later have close to 20 children. 1854 -- On 4 February, Cadbury's received a Royal Warrant from Queen Victoria. 1855 -- Jo	Round 3 Jeopardy Template What is the Ford Mustang? This still-popular muscle car was launched late in 1964, what is it? 100 What is the Syndy Opera House? In 1973, which famous building with a roof resembling sails opened after 16 years of construction? 100 What are young urban professionals? The word “yuppie” was popularized in the 80s; what does it represent? 100 Which figure skater was accused of breaking a competitor’s kneecaps before the 1994 Olympics? 100 What is Denver, Co? What city did Barack Obama formally accept the Democratic nomination for the US presidential election in 2008? 200 What is Mister Ed? Picked up by CBS in 1961, what famous TV show had a vocal equine as its star? 200 Who was Jimi Hendrix? What American singer-songwriter, who is considered by many to be the greatest electric guitarist in music history, died in 1970? 200 What Soviet leader replaced Chernenko in 1985? 200 What food chain uses this slogan: “Think outside the bun”? 200 What is Katrina? In 2005, what hurricane devastated the Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama coastal regions, and flooded approximately 80% of the city of New Orleans? 300 Name the Organization created to fight for important women’s issues? 300 What was the name of NASA's first space shuttle that was unveiled in 1976? 300 Who is Sally Ride? The Space Shuttle Challenger took the first woman into space in 1983, what was her name? 300 What is the Rock N' Roll Hall of Fame? What famous museum opened in 1995 in Cleveland, Ohio? 300 Who is Charles Manson? Wedding plans were announced in 2014 for a 26 year-old Illinois woman and which 80 year-old incarcerated mass murderer? 400 What famous property, purchased in 1965, was once a swamp land in Osceola County, California? 400 What is Three Mile Island? In 1979, a nuclear accident happened at what Pennsylvania power plant? 400 In 1984, which restaurant chain featured this line in their commercial, “Where’s the beef?” 400 Who was the youngest singer to win a Grammy in 1997? 400 What is ALS (Lou Gerhig's Disease)? In 2014, the Ice Water Bucket challenge was established for what charity? 500 Who is Sirhan Sirhan? The 1960s were a decade of high-profile assassinations (President John F. Kennedy, Malcolm X, Robert F. Kennedy and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.) Name the assassin who is still alive. 500 What is In Vitro Fertilization? In 1978, the first test tube baby was born following what procedure? 500 Who was Jim Thorpe? Which Olympic athlete had his gold medals reinstated in the decathlon and the pentathlon, 30 years after his death? 500 What is Yellow Pages? In the 90s, which company used this phrase for their slogan "Let your fingers do the walking"? 500 Who is Psy?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,733	What type of law court has replaced the Assize Court?	Courts of Justice - Victorian Crime and Punishment from E2BN Courts of Justice Bedford Magistrates Courts By the nineteenth century, there were three types of courts for criminal to be brought to justice: Magistrates' Courts ( Quarter Sessions and Petty Sessions), Assize Courts, and the Court of King's (or Queen's) Bench. To which court an accused was sent, depended on the crime; although there was overlap and cases could be referred between the courts. Petty Sessions Courts of Petty Sessions were introduced in the 18th century as there was too much work for the Quarter Sessions (which only met four times a year) to handle. Petty Sessions dealt with minor cases such as drunkenness, poaching and vagrancy. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, individual justices of the peace frequently tried summary offences (those not needing to be heard before a jury), in their own home. Many of the country houses of the gentry contained a 'justice room' for this purpose. In 1828, they become established by statute and became increasingly formalised. After the Summary Jurisdiction Act of 1848, all summary trials had to take place at formally constituted Petty Sessions, before at least two magistrates. Meetings became more regular and laws passed that required the proceedings to be recorded. Each court had jurisdiction over a specific Local Authority area. The courts sat on a regular basis; the frequency would depend on the level of crime in the area. As today, the court had the power to remit more serious crime to a higher court for sentencing or trial. Quarter Sessions The principal court of the magistrates was Quarter Sessions. They were held before a 'bench' of two or more Justices of the Peace (JP's), with a jury. They could also refer capital offences and other serious or difficult cases up to the next Assize Court. Sessions were held four times a year ("quarterly"): at Epiphany (winter), Lent (spring), Summer, and Michaelmas (autumn), in every county. The session could run for several days, depending on the number of cases . Pressure of business could lead to extra or special Quarter Sessions being called. Many boroughs, by their charters, also ran their own Borough Sessions before magistrates appointed by the corporation. For example, Bedford had its own borough court. These borough Quarter Sessions also tried indictable offences. Until 1889, the Quarter Sessions also administered local government but as the administrative burden increased, their administrative functions were transferred to the newly created County Councils. Assize Courts Before 1971, most serious crimes were tried twice a year before a professional High Court Judge and a Jury. The Judges travelled on a 'circuit', covering a number of counties. They would deal with criminal cases assigned to them by the bench of county or borough justices. The courts were held when the Judges arrived in a county town. Before 1842 the line between Assize and Quarter Sessions cases was rather blurred; an Act of that year consigned all capital offences (those that carried the death penalty) and also cases with sentences of life imprisonment, for the first offence, to the Assizes. Circuit boundaries changed over the years but, during the period under review, the Norfolk Circuit included Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Huntingdonshire, Cambridgeshire, Suffolk and Norfolk itself. In Bedford, the Assizes were usually in spring and summer. As the workload increased, by the middle of the 19th century, in some counties the court was sitting three times a year, and each session could last several weeks. The assizes circuits had their own Clerks of Assizes, who kept all the records of the cases and sentences. London was a special case. In 1834 the Central Criminal Court, popularly called the Old Bailey, was set up for the metropolitan area of Greater London; it was an Assizes Court. King's (Queen's) Bench Originally this was the king's personal court, with a variety of functions connected with protecting the interests of the Crown. Cases could be referred to it where it was believed tha	We're sorry, that page can't be found. We're sorry, that page can't be found. Share Here are some suggestions for finding information on the U.S. Department of State website. Check the URL and change any upper case letters to lower case. URLs on www.state.gov are case-sensitive and are all lower case. Try the Search option located on every page. For career information, visit careers.state.gov For Travel information, visit travel.state.gov Check our Archive page for links to previous Adminstration websites If you still cannot find something, Contact Us . Thank you for your interest. 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1,504,734	What is Madrid's underground railway called	Spain: Underground railways in Spain, Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia, There are underground railway Underground railways in Spain Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia By Just Landed Guide There are underground railway systems ( metros) in Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia, where public transport tickets and passes permit travel on all modes of public transport, including metro, bus and suburban train services. Metros offer the quickest way to get around these cities, although they’re crowded during rush hours. No smoking is permitted on metro trains or in stations, which are clean and fairly safe. Crime is generally rare on Spanish metros, although you should watch out for pickpockets especially on the Madrid system. Metro systems are also under construction in Malaga and Seville. Madrid Madrid has the largest and oldest metro system in Spain with twelve lines and 190 stations covering most of the city, operating from 6am until 2am and is used by over 620m people a year. Monthly or annual season tickets are available for people aged under 21 ( abono joven), commuters ( abono normal) and for pensioners over 64 ( abono tercera edad). Season tickets offer exceptionally good savings for unlimited travel on public transport, including the underground, city buses and local trains ( cercanías). A free map ( plano del metro) showing the lines in different colours is available from ticket offices. Tickets are sold at station ticket booths and from machines. The metro is easy to use; simply note the end station of the line you want and follow the signs. When entering or leaving a train, car doors must be opened manually by pressing a button. Apart from Sundays and late at night, trains run around every five to eight minutes (more frequently during rush hour), although no timetable is published. Madrid has invested heavily in its metro system and the centre of Madrid ( Nuevos Ministerios station where check-in facilities are available) is now connected by underground to Barajas airport (Terminals 1 and 2), which can be reached in just 15 minutes. Further extension to the south of the city has been finished with the MetroSur line, connecting many suburbs such as Alcorcón and Fuenlabrada to the central underground lines. Comprehensive information regarding the metro is available by phone (902-444 403 from 6am to 1.30am) or on the internet ( http://www.metromadrid.es ). Barcelona Barcelona’s metro is one of the world’s most modern and best designed systems, although it has just six lines: L1 (red), L2 (purple), L3 (green), L4 (yellow), L5 (blue) and L11 (light green). Large areas of the city aren’t covered by the metro and despite having only a few lines, most connections require long walks between platforms (not recommended if you’re carrying heavy luggage). Stations are indicated at street level by a large red ‘M’ within a diamond. Trains are frequent and run every three or four minutes at peak times. There’s piped music on platforms to keep you entertained while waiting for trains, most of which are air-conditioned. A map ( xarxa de metro in Catalan) is available from tourist offices and at ticket windows in stations (there’s also a metro map on the back of the free tourist office city map). Lines are marked in colours, and connections between lines ( correspondencia) and between metro and train systems ( enlace) are clearly indicated. Stops are announced over an intercom and illuminated panels show where the train has come from, the station you’re approaching, and as the train departs after stopping, the next station (an excellent idea which should be adopted by all metro systems). Flashing red chevrons at the end of each carriage indicate the side of the train from which to exit. Announcements on trains (and in stations) are made in Spanish (Castilian) and Catalan. Numerous other passes are also available such as the T-mes, valid for a month’s unlimited travel; the T-familiar, valid for up to 70 journeys and transferable; and the T-joven, valid for 90 days’ unlimited travel for those under 21. One, three and five-	Log In - New York Times Log In Don't have an account? Sign up here » In order to access our Web site, your Web browser must accept cookies from NYTimes.com. More information »	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,735	Who was found guilty of the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1963?	Convicted in Robert F Kennedy Assassination, Sirhan Sirhan Denied Freedom Convicted in Robert F Kennedy Assassination, Sirhan Sirhan Denied Freedom World \| Reuters \| Updated: January 07, 2015 04:34 IST EMAIL COMMENTS File Photo: Sirhan Bishara Sirhan. (Reuters) Sirhan Sirhan, who is serving a life sentence in prison for the June 1968 assassination of US Presidential candidate Robert F Kennedy, failed to persuade a federal judge to set him free because he was innocent of the crime. In a decision dated Monday, US District Judge Beverly Reid O'Connell in Los Angeles said Sirhan "failed to meet the showing required for actual innocence" that might excuse his having failed to seek his freedom sooner in federal court. Sirhan had filed his petition for habeas corpus, which could have resulted in his freedom, in May 2000. William Pepper, a lawyer for Sirhan, did not immediately respond on Tuesday to requests for comment. Sirhan, now 70, was wrestled to the ground with a gun in his hand after Kennedy was shot on June 5, 1968, at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, shortly after Kennedy won the California Democratic presidential primary. Kennedy died the next day. The defendant was sentenced to death in 1969, but his sentence was commuted to life in prison after California banned the death penalty. Sirhan was last denied parole in 2011, and is being housed in a state prison in San Diego. His next parole "suitability" hearing will be held by March 2, 2016, a spokesman for the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation said. In seeking Sirhan's freedom, defense lawyers argued that he had not been physically in position to fire the fatal shot, and that a second shooter and gun may have been responsible. The judge, however, said Sirhan's case was not strong enough. "Though petitioner advances a number of theories regarding the events of June 5, 1968, petitioner does not dispute that he fired eight rounds of gunfire in the kitchen pantry of the Ambassador Hotel," O'Connell wrote. "Petitioner does not show that it is more likely than not that no juror, acting reasonably, would have found him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt." In rejecting Sirhan's bid for freedom, O'Connell accepted an August 2013 recommendation by US Magistrate Judge Andrew Wistrich. Robert Kennedy was a US Senator from New York when he died at age 42. His older brother John F Kennedy, the former US president, was 46 when he was assassinated in November 1963. © Thomson Reuters 2015	Rob Lowe \| Wiki & Bio \| 👤 Everipedia On television, Lowe played Sam Seaborn on The West Wing , Senator Robert McCallister on Brothers & Sisters , and Chris Traeger in Parks and Recreation . 2013 saw him portray both Dr. Jack Starz in the HBO television film Behind the Candelabra [2] and President John F. Kennedy in the National Geographic Channel television film Killing Kennedy . In 2014, he began appearing in a series of DirecTV commercials. From 2015 to 2016, he starred alongside Fred Savage in The Grinder on FOX . In addition to receiving an Emmy Award nomination in 2001 for his work on The West Wing, [3] Lowe has been nominated for six Golden Globe Awards ; his nominations span four of the seven categories for male actors. [4] Early life Lowe was born in Charlottesville, Virginia , the son of Barbara Lynn (née Hepler; 1939-2003), a schoolteacher and native of Ohio, and Charles Davis Lowe, a trial lawyer. [5] His parents divorced when Lowe and his younger brother, actor Chad , were very young. Lowe also has two half-brothers. Because of a virus during infancy, he is deaf in his right ear (he later played a deaf character in Stephen King 's The Stand ). Lowe was baptized into the Episcopal church. [6] He is of German, English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh ancestry. On the show Who Do You Think You Are? , Lowe found out that one of his ancestors was a Hessian mercenary soldier. His ancestor was fighting under the command of Colonel Johann Gottlieb Rall and was captured at the American Victory at Trenton, New Jersey on the morning of December 26, 1776. As an American POW, his ancestor, Christopher East, was given a choice, and took the option to stay in the USA. [7] Lowe was raised in a "traditional midwestern setting" [6] in Dayton, Ohio , attending Oakwood Junior High School, before moving to the Point Dume area of Malibu, California , with his mother and brother. [8] [9] Lowe attended Santa Monica High School , the same high school as fellow actors Emilio Estevez , Charlie Sheen , Robert Downey, Jr. , Sean Penn , and Chris Penn . [10] Career One of Lowe's earliest roles came in the 1983 TV film Thursday's Child , for which he received his first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film. His breakthrough role was his big screen debut in 1983, when he and Emilio Estevez were cast in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Outsiders . Lowe played the role of Sodapop Curtis, the brother of the main character Ponyboy Curtis ( C. Thomas Howell ) and Darrel Curtis ( Patrick Swayze ). Lowe and Estevez reunited in St. Elmo's Fire , making them the two more prominent actors from the group known as the Brat Pack . About Last Night... followed, with Demi Moore (who had starred alongside Lowe in St. Elmo's Fire). He then received his second Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the mentally disabled Rory in Square Dance (1987). In August, 1987 he performed on stage, playing Baron Tusenbach in Chekov's The Three Sisters at The Williamstown Theatre Festival. He recalled meeting Paul Newman there, and that the older actor encouraged him to work in the theater, in 1993 when filming a British TV production of the Tennessee Williams play Suddenly Last Summer with Maggie Smith and Natasha Richardson . Lowe is well known for playing Sam Seaborn in the television series The West Wing from 1999 to 2003 (and briefly in 2006). His performance in the show garnered Lowe a Primetime Emmy Award nomination [11] and two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor in a Drama Series. Lowe was drawn to the role because of his personal love of politics, and his longstanding personal relationship with Martin Sheen , who was cast as President Bartlet . When the show premiered, Seaborn was considered the lead, and the pilot centered on the character. But the acclaimed cast of the show—including Allison Janney , Richard Schiff , Dulé Hill , John Spencer , Bradley Whitford , Martin Sheen (whose President Bartlet was initially scripted as a small role) and Stockard Channing (whos	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,736	In the USA, Martin Luther King Day is observed on the 3rd Monday of which month?	Martin Luther King Jr. Day in the United States Home Calendar Holidays the United States Martin Luther King Jr. Day Martin Luther King Jr. Day in the United States Martin Luther King Day is a federal holiday held on the third Monday of January. It celebrates the life and achievements of Martin Luther King Jr., an influential American civil rights leader. He is most well-known for his campaigns to end racial segregation on public transport and for racial equality in the United States. Martin Luther King Jr statue "The Stone Of Hope" memorial by master sculptor Lei Yixin was opened to the public in West Potomac Park, Washington DC, on August 22, 2011. ©iStockphoto.com/Camrocker What Do People Do? Martin Luther King Day is a relatively new federal holiday and there are few long standing traditions. It is seen as a day to promote equal rights for all Americans, regardless of their background. Some educational establishments mark the day by teaching their pupils or students about the work of Martin Luther King and the struggle against racial segregation and racism. In recent years, federal legislation has encouraged Americans to give some of their time on this day as volunteers in citizen action groups. Martin Luther King Day, also known as Martin Luther King’s birthday and Martin Luther King Jr Day, is combined with other days in different states. For example, it is combined with Civil Rights Day in Arizona and New Hampshire, while it is observed together with Human Rights Day in Idaho. It is also a day that is combined with Robert E. Lee’s birthday in some states. The day is known as Wyoming Equality Day in the state of Wyoming. Public Life Martin Luther King Day is a federal holiday, but has slightly different names in some states. Non-essential Government departments are closed, as are many corporations. Some schools and colleges close but others stay open and teach their students about the life and work of Martin Luther King. Small companies, such as grocery stores and restaurants tend to be open, although a growing number are choosing to close on this day. Some compensate by opening on Washington's Birthday instead. Recent federal legislation encourages Americans to give some of their time on Martin Luther King Day as volunteers in citizen action groups. Public transit systems may or may not operate on their regular schedule. Background Martin Luther King was an important civil rights activist. He was a leader in the movement to end racial segregation in the United States. His most famous address was the "I Have A Dream" speech. He was an advocate of non-violent protest and became the youngest man to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He was assassinated in 1968. In 1968, shortly after Martin Luther King died, a campaign was started for his birthday to become a holiday to honor him. After the first bill was introduced, trade unions lead the campaign for the federal holiday. It was endorsed in 1976. Following support from the musician Stevie Wonder with his single "Happy Birthday" and a petition with six million signatures, the bill became law in 1983. Martin Luther King Day was first observed in 1986, although it was not observed in all states until the year 2000. In 1990, the Wyoming legislature designated Martin Luther King Jr/Wyoming Equality Day as a legal holiday. Martin Luther King Jr. Day Observances Select another year-range:	Round 3 Jeopardy Template What is the Ford Mustang? This still-popular muscle car was launched late in 1964, what is it? 100 What is the Syndy Opera House? In 1973, which famous building with a roof resembling sails opened after 16 years of construction? 100 What are young urban professionals? The word “yuppie” was popularized in the 80s; what does it represent? 100 Which figure skater was accused of breaking a competitor’s kneecaps before the 1994 Olympics? 100 What is Denver, Co? What city did Barack Obama formally accept the Democratic nomination for the US presidential election in 2008? 200 What is Mister Ed? Picked up by CBS in 1961, what famous TV show had a vocal equine as its star? 200 Who was Jimi Hendrix? What American singer-songwriter, who is considered by many to be the greatest electric guitarist in music history, died in 1970? 200 What Soviet leader replaced Chernenko in 1985? 200 What food chain uses this slogan: “Think outside the bun”? 200 What is Katrina? In 2005, what hurricane devastated the Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama coastal regions, and flooded approximately 80% of the city of New Orleans? 300 Name the Organization created to fight for important women’s issues? 300 What was the name of NASA's first space shuttle that was unveiled in 1976? 300 Who is Sally Ride? The Space Shuttle Challenger took the first woman into space in 1983, what was her name? 300 What is the Rock N' Roll Hall of Fame? What famous museum opened in 1995 in Cleveland, Ohio? 300 Who is Charles Manson? Wedding plans were announced in 2014 for a 26 year-old Illinois woman and which 80 year-old incarcerated mass murderer? 400 What famous property, purchased in 1965, was once a swamp land in Osceola County, California? 400 What is Three Mile Island? In 1979, a nuclear accident happened at what Pennsylvania power plant? 400 In 1984, which restaurant chain featured this line in their commercial, “Where’s the beef?” 400 Who was the youngest singer to win a Grammy in 1997? 400 What is ALS (Lou Gerhig's Disease)? In 2014, the Ice Water Bucket challenge was established for what charity? 500 Who is Sirhan Sirhan? The 1960s were a decade of high-profile assassinations (President John F. Kennedy, Malcolm X, Robert F. Kennedy and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.) Name the assassin who is still alive. 500 What is In Vitro Fertilization? In 1978, the first test tube baby was born following what procedure? 500 Who was Jim Thorpe? Which Olympic athlete had his gold medals reinstated in the decathlon and the pentathlon, 30 years after his death? 500 What is Yellow Pages? In the 90s, which company used this phrase for their slogan "Let your fingers do the walking"? 500 Who is Psy?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,737	What is the most common element in the Earth's atmosphere?	Abundance of Nitrogen in Earth's Atmosphere Subject: Abundance of Nitrogen in Earth's Atmosphere Why is nitrogen the most common element in the earths atmosphere? The answer lies mostly in three facts: 1. nitrogen is volatile in most of its forms 2. it is unreactive with materials that make up the solid earth 3. it is very stable in the presence of solar radiation. To understand the abundance of N in the atmosphere, it is useful to compare it to O (the next most abundant element in the atmosphere). Compared to O, N is 4 times as abundant in the atmosphere. However, we must also consider the relative abundances of O and N over the entire Earth (oxygen is about 10,000 times more abundant). These earthly abundances overall reflect the composition of the material from which the Earth originally formed and the process of Earth's accretion. Oxygen is a major component of the solid earth, along with Si and elements such as Mg, Ca and Na. Nitrogen is not stable as a part of a crystal lattice, so it is not incorporated into the solid Earth. This is one reason why nitrogen is so enriched in the atmosphere relative to oxygen. The other primary reason is that, unlike oxygen, nitrogen is very stable in the atmosphere and is not involved to a great extent in chemical reactions that occur there. Thus, over geological time, it has built up in the atmosphere to a much greater extent than oxygen. It is important to know that both nitrogen and oxygen are intimately involved with the cycle of life on the planet, but that chemicals cycle through this material on a short time scale relative to the geological processes that have, over time, made the earth what it is today (compositionally and physically). N and O are found in the living biosphere and fossil organic matter (and both are soluble in sea water too). But, only a small fraction (less than 1% for N and much, much less than 1% for O) of the total for these element on the planet are to be found in these places. Dr. Ken Rubin, Assistant Professor Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI 96822	Elements in the Earthï¿½s Crust - Windows to the Universe Newly-Found Rock May Prove Antarctica and North America Were Connected Elements in the Earthï¿½s Crust Even though there are 92 elements that are naturally found, only eight of them are common in the rocks that make up the Earthï¿½s outer layer, the crust . Together, these 8 elements make up more than 98% of the crust. The 8 most common elements in Earthï¿½s crust (by mass): 46.6% Oxygen (O) 2.6% Potassium (K) 2.1% Magnesium (Mg) The picture on the left shows where these elements are located within the periodic table . Together, the elements oxygen and silicon make up most of the Earthï¿½s crust including silicate minerals such as quartz and feldspar . Last modified November 13, 2007 by Lisa Gardiner . Shop Windows to the Universe Science Store! The Fall 2010 issue of The Earth Scientist , focuses on rocks and minerals, including articles on minerals and mining, the use of minerals in society, and rare earth minerals, and includes 3 posters! Windows to the Universe Community News	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,738	Which negotiator who was held hostage in Beirut from 1987 to 1991 was born on this day in 1939?	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 2 \| 1986: US hostage freed in Beirut 1986: US hostage freed in Beirut An American held hostage in Beirut by Muslim fundamentalists has been released. David Jacobsen was set free in the west of the Lebanese capital after 17 months of captivity at the hands of Islamic Jihad. After his release, Mr Jacobsen, 55, was taken to the American embassy compound in east Beirut. He was kidnapped in May 1985 as he walked the short distance from his home on the American University Hospital campus to the hospital compound. He is expected to leave Beirut soon with his daughters and sons who have come to the city to greet him. Mr Jacobsen's release is being credited to the efforts of the Archbishop of Canterbury's special envoy, Terry Waite. Soon after the hostage was freed a US helicopter collected Mr Waite from Lanarca in Cyprus where he had been conducting secret negotiations and took him to the US embassy in Beirut. Mr Waite's intervention in the case of the Beirut hostages comes after success in freeing people held in Iran and Libya. No political goals are or will be achieved by resorting to extortion or terrorism Larry Speakes, US spokesman So far he has helped gain the release of three Beirut hostages after their relatives appealed to him for help. The US authorities were also involved in the negotiations. US presidential spokesman Larry Speakes said they could not divulge details because of concerns for the safety of other captives in Lebanon. "Again we call on the captors of all hostages in Lebanon to release their innocent victims. "No political goals are or will be achieved by resorting to extortion or terrorism," Mr Speakes said. The US Government held the kidnappers of the remaining hostages responsible for their safety, he added. At least two other American hostages are still being held in Beirut as well as several Frenchmen and Briton John McCarthy.	On This Day 1926: The first greyhound meeting with a mechanical hare took place at Belle Vue, Manchester. 2000: Portugal midfielder Luis Figo, star of Euro 2000, became the world's most expensive footballer when he joined Real Madrid for £37million from Barcelona. 2005: Australia won the first Ashes Test at Lord's by 239 runs. England recovered to win a memorable series 2-1. 2005: Lance Armstrong won a record seventh successive Tour de France - his final Tour before his temporary retirement. He was later stripped of all his titles after evidence of his doping emerged. 2009: England midfielder Steven Gerrard was found not guilty of affray by a jury at Liverpool Crown Court. 2010: Down thrashed Sligo in round four of the SFC qualifiers, winning by 3-20 to 0-10. 2010: Former world snooker champion Alex Higgins died at the age of 61. 2014: Brothers Alastair and Jonny Brownlee finished first and second for England in the Commonwealth Games men's triathlon in Glasgow. Birthdays Zaheer Abbas (cricket) - former Pakistan and Gloucestershire batsman, born 1947. Jim Leighton (soccer) - former Manchester United, Aberdeen and Scotland goalkeeper, born 1958. Barry Bonds (baseball) - controversial former San Francisco Giants star, holder of the all-time record for home runs in Major League, born 1964. Martin Keown (soccer) - former Arsenal and England defender, born 1966. Steven Richardson (golf) - played in 1991 Ryder Cup, born 1966. Dino Baggio (soccer) - former Italy midfielder who had a brief spell on loan at Blackburn in 2003, born 1971. Daniele De Rossi (soccer) - Roma and Italy midfielder, born 1983. Lukas Rosol (tennis) - Czech world number 54, famous for defeating Rafael Nadal at Wimbledon in 2012, born 1985. Quick Quiz Blitz 1 Which three football clubs have won all four English divisional titles? 2 Australia fast bowler Shaun Tait is playing for which county in this summer's NatWest T20 Blast? 3 British number one women's tennis player Johanna Konta was born in which city? 4 Who has been the top jockey at the Cheltenham Festival for eight of the last nine years? 5 Who scored the goal for Tipperary in All-Ireland SFC success over Derry? Sport on TV Today (Sunday, July 24) GAA: The Sunday Game Live - RTE 1 (1.30pm) - Waterford v Wexford (Throw-in 2.00pm) and Galway v Clare (Throw-in 4.00pm); The Sunday Game - RTE 2 - 21.30 SOCCER: International Champions Cup, Inter Milan v Paris St Germain - Sky Sports 1 2200; Euro Under-19s final - Eurosport 1 1905; MLS, New York Red Bulls v New York City FC - Sky Sports 3 1755, Sporting Kansas City v Seattle Sounders - Sky Sports 3 2000; Women's Super League, Notts County v Man City - BT Sport 1 1530. CRICKET: Second Test, England v Pakistan - Sky Sports 2 1030; First Test, West Indies v India - Sky Sports 5 1455. GOLF: PGA Tour, Canadian Open - Sky Sports 4 1800; Senior Open, Carnoustie - Sky Sports 4 1330; LPGA Tour, Scottish Open - Sky Sports 4 1030. CYCLING: Tour de France stage 21 - ITV4 1300, Eurosport 1 1530, ITV4 1200, S4C 1600; Tour de France women's 90km race - Eurosport 1 1330. TENNIS: ATP Tour, Citi Open - Sky Sports 2 2000; WTA Tour - Stanford Classic, BT Sport 1 2200. MOTOR RACING: Formula One, Hungarian Grand Prix race - Channel 4 1200, Sky Sports F1 1230. ATHLETICS: World Junior Championships, Bydgoszcz - Eurosport 2 2115. MOTORCYCLE RACING: British Superbikes - Eurosport 2 1230. DARTS: World Matchplay - Sky Sports 1 1900. SAILING: America's Cup World Series - BT Sport 1 1245. BASEBALL: MLB - BT Sport/ESPN 1800, BT Sport 2 1900, Los Angeles Dodgers v St Louis Cardinals BT Sport/ESPN 0100 (Mon). Tomorrow (Monday, July 25) CRICKET: Fourth day of the second Investec Test from Old Trafford, England v Pakistan - Sky Sports 2 1030; final day of the first Test from North Sound, West Indies v India - Sky Sports 1 1455. SOCCER: Betfred Cup first round, Rangers v Stranraer - BT Sport 1 1915. TENNIS: ATP Tour, Rogers Cup from Toronto - Sky Sports 3 1600; WTA Tour, Rogers Cup from Montreal - BT Sport 2 1730, BT Sport 1 0000 (Tue). CYCLING: Tour de Wallonie stage three - Eurosport 2 1415.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,739	The words 'domo arigato' mean 'thank you' in what language?	Do you really know what “Domo” means? \| EZ Japanese Language School EZ Japanese Language School Do you really know what “Domo” means? You have probably heard the Japanese say “Domo” in a conversation or maybe in dialogue when you watch animes. But it is the most common and hardest to understand at the same time as the word has a lot of meanings. We grew up with the language and have no problem using Domo, but not a lot of people can explain the actual meaning of the word. Here are some examples where “Domo” is used; Domo – Thanks / Hello / Nice to meet you. Domo arigato – Thank you very much. Domo hajimemashite – Very nice to meet you. Domo kon-nichiwa – Very nice to meet you. Domo yoroshiku – Very glad to meet you. A, domo. – Oh, hi/Hello. Hmm, domo okashii – Hmm, it’s very strange. Please don’t freak out! They are just examples for the better understanding. Domo originally meant “(very) much” or “somehow” to express degree of situation or your feelings. The most popular use of Domo is of course “Domo arigato” to say thank you politely, but as the language took its course, it was shortened to only “Domo”. So Domo can be applied in a lot of cases in our daily life. T: Can you pass me the salt? S: There you go. S: This is my girlfriend, Rinko. R: Domo hajimemashite. (It’s very nice to meet you.) T: Domo. (Nice to meet you.) (On the phone) A: Can I talk to Mr. Fujiwara? F: Domo, Fujiwara desu. (Hello. This is Fujiwara speaking.) Now this is surely a superfluous information, but if you say “Domo, domo!” in a double-barrelled way, that could give some playful image. It is useful when you want to grow relaxed tense or want to go humorously or jokingly. Digressing from the topic, Domo-kun was originally created by NHK Television to promote its broadcasting and BS channel. I watched some episodes the other day and noticed Domo-kun repeated the word. But by the look of the show, Domo-kun didn’t seem to use the word correctly. It is almost like the sound animals let out: Birds chirp, cows moo and Domo-kun says Domo. Like this:	Jacques Cartier \| Exploration \| France Jacques Cartier You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 7 to 102 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 106 to 110 are not shown in this preview. This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? CANCEL We've moved you to where you read on your other device. Get the full title to continue Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Restart preview	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,740	In which sport would you compete for the Camanachd Cup	Shinty - Sport Made in Scotland! - YouTube Shinty - Sport Made in Scotland! Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Mar 6, 2015 Promotional shinty film courtesy of Norman Strachan. Category	A-Z of British world champions \| Sport \| The Guardian A-Z of British world champions Pete Nichols Monday 24 December 2001 17.55 EST First published on Monday 24 December 2001 17.55 EST Lisa Adams Waterskiing - cable-ski slalom Adams, from Weybridge, took up waterskiing as a four-year-old in Corfu and won her first European trophy at 11. Since switching to cable-skiing (pulled by an overhead cable rather than boat) at the age of 15 she has won seven national titles and eight European titles, and in 2000, only two days after her 20th birthday, she won the world slalom title. Kate Allenby, Stephanie Cook, Georgina Harland and Sian Lewis Modern pentathlon - women's individual (Cook), team (Allenby, Cook, Lewis) and relay (Allenby, Cook, Harland) If the Olympic victory of Stephanie Cook, right, was the finest hour for Britain's pentathletes, the world championships at Millfield School in Somerset in July ran it close. In a rare show of dominance the host nation came away with all three women's titles. Cook, of course, was the star of the show, participating in relay and team victories before adding her first individual world title. Cook chose that moment to bow out. It was a blow, but she could hardly have left the sport in better heart. The 23-year-old Georgina Harland, who had beaten Cook in the British championships in April, powered through in the final stages of the run to take third place at Millfield; the Olympic bronze medallist Kate Allenby placed fifth; and Sian Lewis was 14th. Remarkably, had Cook's score not counted at all, Britain would still have won the team title. Kate Brown Clay pigeon shooting - English sporting The 22-year-old from Walton in Leicestershire took up the sport little more than four years ago but has twice been crowned world champion in the English sporting discipline. Her first title came at Findon, Sussex, last year. This spring she successfully defended her crown in San Antonio in Texas. Daniel Caines Athletics - indoor 400m Caines won his world title in Lisbon in March, squeezing home ahead of the American Milton Campbell. The 22-year-old Swansea graduate comes from an accomplished sporting family. His uncles Garry and Keith Thompson played for Aston Villa and Coventry respectively and his mother Blondelle was an international hurdler. Charlotte Cornwallis Real tennis Penny Lumley had dominated real tennis since she won her first title in 1989, losing only three games in 12 years. When the 28-year-old Cornwallis triumphed in Washington DC it was arguably the biggest shock ever in women's real tennis. James Cracknell, Matthew Pinsent and Neil Chugani Rowing - coxed pair and coxless pair When you have won three Olympic titles before your 30th birthday motivation can be a problem. So, for Matthew Pinsent the priority for this year was to find a goal that would challenge the rower generally recognised to be the strongest in world sweep rowing. The partnership with James Cracknell, right, also in the winning coxless four at Sydney, provided just that. Together, they mapped out a world championships schedule never previously successfully undertaken, that of winning both the final of the coxed pair and the coxless pair, the two events held within 90 minutes of each other at Lucerne. The first challenge had been Cracknell's, having to switch his oar to the bowside (left) of the boat meant a different pattern to the stroke. His adaptation was swift, as victory in the first World Cup win in Princeton confirmed. Two more World Cup victories secured the overall title and allowed them to opt out of the final. In the world championships at Lucerne, the coxed pair came first, Cracknell and Pinsent joined by the cox Neil Chugani. Their victory over the Italians was close but nothing like as close as what was to come. Less than two hours later, and coxless, they lined up for their second final. Pinsent, by his own admission, only ever does as much as he has to but he could surely never have planned a victory that saw them beat the Yugoslavians by four inches or two hundredths of a second. George Digweed Cla	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,741	Which US city hosted the 2002 Winter Olympic Games?	2002 Winter Olympics \| Utah.com 2002 Winter Olympics The 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City were an astounding success. Now, Utah residents and visitors alike can enjoy Olympic legacy facilities — Utah Olympic Park, Soldier Hollow and Utah Olympic Oval — which offer an array of activities for people of all ages, abilities and aspirations. Whether you are a recreational enthusiast, developing athlete, spectator or tourist, we encourage you to "Get Up & Go!" for a unique Olympic experience. Read more... Discover Snowbasin Additional Information Each venue has been transformed into a community facility, open year-round to the public for post-Games usage. There are introductory Olympic winter sports programs, public skating on "The Fastest Ice On Earth," tours of the Olympic facilities, tubing, cross-country skiing, public bobsled rides, ski jumping and freestyle aerial shows, 2002 Games exhibit and the Joe Quinney Winter Sports Center/Alf Engen Ski Museum. Get Up & Go! Games Overview The XIX Olympic Games took place February 8th through February 24, 2002; afterwards, the VIII Paralympics Winter Games began March 7th, and concluded on March 16, 2002. Salt Lake Olympic Committee's volunteer program had three phases with approximately 8,000 volunteers for pre-Game activities, 18,000 core volunteers for the Olympic Winter Games, and 6,000 volunteers for the Paralympic Winter Games. SLOC accredited approximately 70,000 individuals for the Salt Lake Games. An estimated 2,345 athletes and 1,200 officials came from 80 National Olympic Committees (NOC's). More than 1,100 athletes and officials from 40 regions competed in the Paralympic Olympic Games. Share	2000 Olympics 2000 Olympics Sydney A record 10,651 athletes (4,069 of them women) from 199 nations participate; the only nation excluded is Afghanistan. North and South Korea enter the stadium under one flag. Australian Aboriginal Cathy Freeman lights the cauldron at the start of the game, and goes on to win the 400m race. British rower Steven Redgrave becomes the first athlete to win gold medals in five consecutive Olympics. The U.S. softball team defends its title; Michael Johnson does the same in the 400m race. 17-year-old Ian Thorpe of Australia wins four medals (three gold) in swimming, breaking his own world record in the 400m freestyle. Russian gymnast Alexei Nemov takes home six medals, as he had done in Atlanta in 1996. Eric "the Eel" Moussambani of Equatorial Guinea is this year's lovable loser, taking 112.72 seconds in the 100m freestyle swim. This is more than twice as long as Pieter van den Hoogenband's gold-winning performance. There are 165 events for men, 135 for women, and 12 mixed events. Women are excluded from boxing and baseball; men are excluded from synchronized swimming, rhythmic gymnastics, and softball. The United States, the Russian Federation, and the People's Republic of China lead the medal-winners . Note: All references to Marion Jones have been removed from this page. This follows the decision made by the International Olympic Committee in 2008 to erase her record and strip her of her medals. STATISTICS	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,742	Who are the base and deformed humanoids he meets in the land of the Houyhnhnms?	Gulliver’s Travels to the Country of the Houyhnhnm: Details,Pictures & Chapter Summary - Gulliver's Travels Gulliver's Travels to the Country of the Houyhnhnms - Chapter Summary CHAPTER I. Gulliver sets out as captain of a ship. His men conspire against him, confine him a long time to his cabin, and set him on shore in an unknown land. He travels up into the country. The Yahoos, a strange sort of animal, described. Gulliver meets two Houyhnhnms. CHAPTER II. Gulliver conducted by a Houyhnhnm to his house. The house described. Gulliver’s reception. The food of the Houyhnhnms. Gulliver in distress for want of meat. Is at last relieved. His manner of feeding in this country. CHAPTER III. Gulliver studies to learn the language. The Houyhnhnm, his master, assists in teaching him. The language described. Several Houyhnhnms of quality come out of curiosity to see Gulliver. He gives his master a short account of his voyage. CHAPTER IV. The Houyhnhnm’s notion of truth and falsehood. Gulliver’s discourse disapproved by his master. Gulliver gives a more particular account of himself, and the accidents of his voyage. CHAPTER V. Gulliver at his master’s command, informs him of the state of England. The causes of war among the princes of Europe. Gulliver begins to explain the English constitution. CHAPTER VI. A continuation of the state of England under Queen Anne. The character of a first minister of state in European courts. CHAPTER VII. Gulliver’s great love of his native country. His master’s observations upon the constitution and administration of England, as described by Gulliver, with parallel cases and comparisons. His master’s observations upon human nature. CHAPTER VIII. Gulliver relates several particulars of the Yahoos. The great virtues of the Houyhnhnms. The education and exercise of their youth. Their general assembly. CHAPTER IX. A grand debate at the general assembly of the Houyhnhnms, and how it was determined. The learning of the Houyhnhnms. Their buildings. Their manner of burials. The defectiveness of their language. CHAPTER X. Gulliver’s economy, and happy life, among the Houyhnhnms. His great improvement in virtue by conversing with them. Their conversations. Gulliver has notice given him by his master, that he must depart from the country. He falls into a swoon for grief; but submits. He contrives and finishes a canoe by the help of a fellow-servant, and puts to sea at a venture. CHAPTER XI. Gulliver’s dangerous voyage. He arrives at New Holland, hoping to settle there. Is wounded with an arrow by one of the natives. Is seized and carried by force into a Portuguese ship. The great civilities of the captain. Gulliver arrives at England. CHAPTER XII. Gulliver’s veracity. His design in publishing this work. His censure of those travellers who swerve from the truth. Gulliver clears himself from any sinister ends in writing. An objection answered. The method of planting colonies. His native country commended. The right of the crown to those countries described by Gulliver is justified. The difficulty of conquering them. Gulliver takes his last leave of the reader; proposes his manner of living for the future; gives good advice, and concludes.	SparkNotes: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Chapters 4–6 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain Chapters 4–6, page 2 page 1 of 2 Summary: Chapter 4 Over the next few months, Huck begins to adjust to his new life and even makes some progress in school. One winter morning, he notices boot tracks in the snow near the house. Within one heel print is the shape of two nails crossed to ward off the devil. Huck immediately recognizes this mark and runs to Judge Thatcher. Huck sells his fortune (the money he and Tom recovered in Tom Sawyer, which the Judge has been managing for him) to the befuddled Judge for a dollar. That night, Huck goes to Jim, who claims to possess a giant, magical hairball from an ox’s stomach. Huck tells Jim that he has found Pap’s tracks in the snow and wants to know what his father wants. Jim says that the hairball needs money to talk, so Huck gives Jim a counterfeit quarter. Jim puts his ear to the hairball and relates that Huck’s father has two angels, one black and one white, one bad and one good. It is uncertain which angel will win out, but Huck is safe for now. He will have much happiness and sorrow in his life, he will marry a poor woman and then a rich woman, and he should stay clear of the water, since that is where he will die. That night, Huck finds Pap waiting for him in his bedroom. Summary: Chapter 5 Pap is a frightening sight. The nearly fifty-year-old man’s skin is a ghastly, disgusting white. Noticing Huck’s “starchy” clothes, Pap wonders out loud if Huck thinks himself better than his father and promises to take Huck “down a peg.” Pap promises to teach Widow Douglas not to “meddle” and is outraged that Huck has become the first person in his family to learn to read. Pap asks if Huck is really as rich as he has heard and calls his son a liar when Huck replies that he has no more money. Pap then takes the dollar that Huck got from Judge Thatcher and leaves to buy whiskey. The next day, Pap shows up drunk and demands Huck’s money from Judge Thatcher. The Judge and Widow Douglas try to get custody of Huck but give up after the new judge in town refuses to separate a father and son. Pap eventually lands in jail after a drunken spree. The new judge takes Pap into his home and tries to reform him, but the judge and his wife prove to be very weepy and moralizing. Pap tearfully repents his ways but soon gets drunk again, and the new judge decides that the only way to reform Pap is with a shotgun. Summary: Chapter 6 Pap sues Judge Thatcher for Huck’s fortune and continues to threaten Huck about attending school. Huck continues to attend, partly to spite his father. Pap goes on one drunken binge after another. One day, he kidnaps Huck, takes him deep into the woods to a secluded cabin on the Illinois shore, and locks Huck inside all day while he rambles outside. Eventually, Huck finds an old saw, makes a hole in the wall, and resolves to escape from both Pap and the Widow Douglas, but Pap returns as Huck is about to break free. Pap complains that Judge Thatcher has delayed the trial to prevent him from getting Huck’s wealth. He has heard that his chances of getting the money are good but that he will probably lose the fight for custody of Huck. Pap continues to rant about a mixed-race man in town; Pap is disgusted that the man is allowed to vote in his home state of Ohio, and that legally he cannot be sold into slavery until he has been in Missouri six months. Later, Pap wakes from a drunken sleep and chases after Huck with a knife, calling him the “Angel of Death” but stopping when he passes out. Huck holds a rifle pointed at his sleeping father and waits. 1	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,743	What was John Huston's last movie?	The Dead (1987) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Gabriel Conroy and wife Greta attend an early January dinner with friends at the home of his spinster aunts, an evening which results in an epiphany for both of them. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 48 titles created 12 Sep 2011 a list of 25 titles created 23 Jul 2014 a list of 39 titles created 03 Oct 2014 a list of 39 titles created 02 Jan 2015 a list of 37 titles created 22 Aug 2015 Search for " The Dead " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 9 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards » Photos The last 24 hours in the life of Geoffrey Firmin, a lonely, depressed English consul who retreats to alcohol for solace. Director: John Huston Two men, working as professional boxers, come to blows when their careers each begin to take opposite momentum. Director: John Huston A professional hit man and hit woman fall in love. Director: John Huston A psychiatrist involved in a radical new therapy comes under suspicion when his patients are murdered, each according to their individual phobias. Director: John Huston A Southerner--young, poor, ambitious but uneducated--determines to become something in the world. He decides that the best way to do that is to become a preacher and start up his own church. Director: John Huston A major heist goes off as planned, until bad luck and double crosses cause everything to unravel. Director: John Huston A defrocked Episcopal clergyman leads a bus-load of middle-aged Baptist women on a tour of the Mexican coast and comes to terms with the failure haunting his life. Director: John Huston Truncated adaptation of Stephen Crane's novel about a Civil War Union soldier who stuggles to find the courage to fight in the heat of battle. Director: John Huston Bizarre tale of sex, betrayal, and perversion at a military post. Director: John Huston Two British soldiers in India decide to resign from the Army and set themselves up as deities in Kafiristan--a land where no white man has set foot since Alexander. Director: John Huston On their way to Africa are a group of rogues who hope to get rich there, and a seemingly innocent British couple. They meet and things happen... Director: John Huston In a story set during the Hundred Years War, a student who has abandoned his studies in Paris, pairs with a young noblewoman with whom he has fallen in love. Director: John Huston Edit Storyline John Huston's last film is a labor of love at several levels: an adaptation of perhaps one of the greatest pieces of English-language literature by one of Huston's favorite authors, James Joyce; a love letter to the land of his ancestors and the country where his children grew up; and the chance to work with his screenwriter son Tony and his actress daughter Anjelica. The film is delicate and unhurried, detailing an early January dinner at the house of two spinster musician sisters and their niece in turn-of-the-century Ireland, attended by friends and family. Among the visiting attendees are the sisters' nephew Gabriel Conroy and his wife Gretta. The evening's reminiscences bring up melancholy memories for Gretta concerning her first, long-lost love when she was a girl in rural Galway. Her recounting of this tragic love to Gabriel brings him to an epiphany: he learns the difference between mere existence and living. The all-Irish cast and careful period detail give the piece richness... Written by Russ W. <russwlkr@ix.netcom.com>	FanPal.com \| Heath Ledger Biography Died: January 22, 2008 (at age 28) Birthplace: Perth, Western Australia, Australia Popularity: Biography Heathcliff Andrew Ledger (4 April 1979 - 22 January 2008) was an Australian actor and director. After performing roles in Australian television and film during the 1990s, Ledger left for the United States in 1998 to develop his film career. His work comprised nineteen films, including 10 Things I Hate About You (1999), The Patriot (2000), A Knight's Tale (2001), Monster's Ball (2001), Ned Kelly (2003), The Brothers Grimm (2005), Lords of Dogtown (2005), Brokeback Mountain (2005), Casanova (2005), Candy (2006), I'm Not There (2007), The Dark Knight (2008) and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009). He also produced and directed music videos and aspired to be a film director. For his portrayal of Ennis Del Mar in Brokeback Mountain, Ledger won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and Best International Actor from the Australian Film Institute, and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Posthumously he shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the ensemble cast, the director, and the casting director for the film I'm Not There, which was inspired by the life and songs of American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan . In the film, Ledger portrayed a fictional actor named Robbie Clark, one of six characters embodying aspects of Dylan's life and persona. Ledger died on 22 January 2008 from an accidental intoxication from prescription drugs. A few months before his death, Ledger had finished filming his performance as the Joker in The Dark Knight. His death occurred during editing of The Dark Knight and in the midst of filming his last role as Tony in The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. His untimely death cast a somber shadow over the subsequent promotion of the $185 million Batman production. Ledger received numerous posthumous accolades for his critically acclaimed performance in the film, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, a Best Actor International Award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards (for which he became the first actor to win an award posthumously), the 2008 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor, the 2009 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture, and the 2009 BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor. Early life Ledger was born on 4 April 1979 in Perth, Western Australia, the son of Sally Ledger (née Ramshaw), a French teacher, and Kim Ledger, a racecar driver and mining engineer whose family established and owned the Ledger Engineering Foundry. The Sir Frank Ledger Charitable Trust is named after his great-grandfather. He had English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry. Ledger attended Mary's Mount Primary School in Gooseberry Hill, and later Guildford Grammar School, where he had his first acting experiences, starring in a school production as Peter Pan at age 10. His parents separated when he was 10 and divorced when he was 11. Ledger's older sister Kate, an actress and later a publicist, to whom he was very close, inspired his acting on stage, and his love of Gene Kelly inspired his successful choreography, leading to Guildford Grammar's 60-member team's "first all-boy victory" at the Rock Eisteddfod Challenge. Heath's and Kate's other siblings include two half-sisters, Ashleigh Bell (b. 1990), his mother's daughter with her second husband and his stepfather Roger Bell, and Olivia Ledger (b. 1996), his father's daughter with second wife and his stepmother Emma Brown. Career 1990s After sitting for early graduation exams at age 17, Ledger left school to pursue an acting career. With Trevor DiCarlo, his best friend since he was three years old, Ledger drove across Australia from Perth to Sydney, returning to Perth to take a small role in Clowning Around (1992), the first part of a two-part television series, and to work on the TV series Sweat (1996), in which he played a gay cyclist. From 1993 t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,744	The giant bird Dinornis robustus, found in New Zealand, was unique in the bird kingdom in having no wings. It stood at up to 10 feet tall and was hunted to extinction around 1500 AD. By what name is this bird commonly known?	1000+ images about Holocene extinction on Pinterest \| Wolves, Australia and Seals Birds Got Too Fat to Fly After Dinosaurs Vanished? Moa - Google Search	Free Flashcards about GK 3 Semantics is the branch of logic concerned with what? Meaning Which Northumberland castle, located between Craster and Embleton, is closely associated with the legend of Guy the Seeker? Dunstanburgh Castle Whose poem is "The Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket"? Robert Powell Which poem did Milton write about the drowned fellow poet Edward King? Lycidas What was England's second-largest and second-most commercially important city for the bulk of the 14th century? Norwich Which sea battle was fought on 24 June 1340 as one of the opening salvoes of the 100 Years War? Sluys In which county are Chipchase and Belsay Castles? Northumberland In England, often associated with the wool trade, what European historiography term refers to the entire medieval system of trade and its taxation? Staple The narrator of Anthony Burgess's 'Earthly Powers' is generally held to have been a lampoon or caricature of which real-life author? W Somerset Maugham Maria Edgeworth is a character in which literary work? Castle Rackrent In which play does the line "to thine own self be true" appear? Hamlet In which Graham Greene novel is Scobie a character? The Heart of The Matter Paul Morel is the protagonist of which novel? Sons and Lovers Gerald Crich appears in which DH Lawrence novel? Women In Love Stephen Blackpool is the hero of which Dickens work? Hard Times Which fictitious Northern city is scene of much of the action in 'Hard Times'? Coketown In which novel is Paul Pennyfeather a character? Decline and Fall (Waugh_ In which century was the Sorbonne founded? 13th (1253) Dorothea Brooke appears in which classic novel? Middlemarch In a church, what is the chancel? The space around the altar at the liturgical East end of a church. Give a year in the reign of Philip II (Phillipe Auguste) of France. 1180-1223 Which perfume house introduced the 'Gentleman' brand in 1974? Givenchy Which word can refer to a bomber aircraft, a radio call sign and the Z-Cars code-name? Victor What was Eleanor Thornton the model for in 1911? The Spirit of Ecstasy Liverworts and green leaves are both rich in which vitamin group, including retinol, retinal, retinoic acid? Vitamin A Which Englishman designed the first modern steam turbine in 1884? Parsons Which foodstuff is prepared from Hydrocarbon toluene? Saccharine Which company made the 'Forester' car model? Subaru Which American first used the term 'torpedo' for a naval explosive? Fulton Which element is atomic number 9? Fluorine Highland Dirks and Stilettos are both types of what? Daggers Fish-oils and egg yolk are both rich in which Vitamin? Vitamin D Plasterers and Diggers are both types of what sort of insect? Wasps How long is a vicennial? Every 20 years What name is given to a female badger? Sow If a male cat is a tom, what is a female? Queen A musquash fur comes from which animal? Musk Rat What was unusual about the UK Nobel Prize Winner stamps issued in 2001? Scented What type of animals are cervidae? Deer The first UK self-adhesive stamps depicted what? Cats Gypsum is more correctly known by what chemical name? Hydrated calcium sulphate What is the chemical symbol of promethium? Pm Which Miletus-born Presocratic philosopher is sometimes called 'The Father of Science'? Thales The quagga is a subspecies of which animal? Zebra Which class of subatomic particles is named from the Greek for 'heavy'? Baryons Which Ancient Greek astronomer both discovered the precession of the equinoxes, and may have compiled the first star catalogue? Hipparchus Which kitchen appliance did Denis Papin introduce in 1679? Pressure Cooker Which vitamin deficiency causes beri-beri? B1 Which class of subatomic articles is named from the Greek for 'thick'? Hadrons In which year were self-adhesive stamps introduced to the UK? 2001 Which type of creature has the largest brain relative to body size yet known? Ant Asparagus, leeks and tulips are all part of which plant family? Lily Archangel and Havana Brown are both breeds of what animal? Cat Which mathematician is (possibly fancifully) often credited with inventing roul	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,745	William Herschel astronomer was a musician what instrument?	William Herschel Biography William Herschel Biography By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor \| September 4, 2012 01:51pm ET MORE Scouring the heavens with his sister, Caroline, Sir William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus and several moons around other gas giants. In the course of his studies of the night sky, he also compiled a catalog of 2,500 celestial objects that is still in use today. But it wasn't until his mid-30s that he began to turn his eyes to the expanse above; he started his professional life as a musician. Astronomer William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus. Credit: Smithsonian Institution A musical beginning Born in Germany as Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel, the astronomer was the son of Anna Ilse Moritzen and Issak Herschel. His father was a military musician, and young William played in the same band in his early years. In 1759, Herschel left Germany for England, where he taught music before becoming an organist. In 1772, William's sister, Caroline, moved to England to live with her brother and train as a singer. During this time, Herschel's interest in astronomy grew significantly. He rented a small telescope, and his desire to own a larger instrument led him to the process of grinding and polishing his own mirrors. Caroline never married, but served as his assistant until Herschel's death. She was the first woman to discover a comet, ultimately finding eight. She also discovered several deep-sky objects and was the first woman to be given a paid scientific position and to receive an honorary membership into the Royal Society. In 1788, at the age of 50, Herschel married the widow Mary Pitt. Their son, John, was born in 1792, and followed in his father's astronomical footsteps. Searching the skies On March 13, 1781, Herschel noticed a small object that, over the course of several nights, was slowly moving across the sky. At first he thought he had found a comet , but further observation revealed that the object was a planet. Herschel lobbied to name the new body 'Georgium Sidus', after King George III, but it was eventually named Uranus after the Greek god of the sky. As a result of his discovery, the monarch knighted Herschel and appointed him to the position of court astronomer. The attached pension allowed him to conclude his musical career and focus his full attention on the skies. When Herschel was subsequently elected a member of the prestigious Royal Society, he received a copy of Charles Messier's "Catalog of Nebulae and Star Clusters," a list of diverse nebulae in the night sky. The catalog piqued his interest, and he began to examine the fuzzy objects. On Oct. 23, 1783, he began a sky survey of his own, standing on a ladder while peering through his telescope and describing the objects he saw to his sister, Caroline. By pointing the stationary telescope at a single strip of the sky, he was able to observe east-west bands over the course of the night. The next night, he would adjust his telescope to a higher or lower point and observe another parallel strip. Eventually, he examined the entire swatch of sky that could be seen over Great Britain. Over 20 years, he observed 2,500 new nebulae and star clusters and recorded them in "The General Catalogue of Nebulae." The catalog was eventually enlarged and renamed the "New General Catalogue," and many non-stellar objects are identified by their NGC numbers. Of the 7,840 nebulae and clusters in the catalog today, 4,630 were discovered by Herschel and his son. In 1789, Herschel finished construction on 40-foot-long (12 meters) telescope, the largest of the day. But the unwieldy instrument came with a number of problems, and Herschel tended to use the smaller, 20-foot (6-meter) telescope. Appearing like a cyclops gazing off into space, Saturn's moon Mimas and its large Herschel Crater are profiled in this view from NASA's Cassini spacecraft taken on Feb. 13, 2010. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute Herschel discovered several moons around the gas giants. In 1787, he discovered two moons around Uranus: Titania and Oberon. In 1789, using	Music History 102 Born: Halle, February 23, 1685 Died: London, April 14, 1759 Born in the same year and country as Johann Sebastian Bach , young Georg Friederich Händel (the original German spelling of his name) was playing the violin, harpsichord, oboe, and organ by the age of eleven. Drawn to the theater from an early age, Handel went to Hamburg in 1703 and began composing Italian operas. From 1706 to 1710, he sojourned in Italy where he met both Domenico Scarlatti and Arcangelo Corelli , and came under the influence of Italian melody. Upon his return to Germany, Handel became Kapellmeister to the Elector Georg of Hanover. Unhappy with his duties there, however, Handel made a trip later in 1710 to London, where Italian opera was fast becoming all the rage. He produced an opera to great acclaim in London and, having tasted success, reluctantly returned to Germany. Obtaining permission to return to England in 1712, Handel once again composed several operas as well as some ceremonial music for Queen Anne. The Queen gave the young composer an annual stipend of £200 in hopes of keeping him in London as court composer. Handel never did return to Hanover. He remained in England for the rest of his life, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1726 and anglecizing his name to George Frideric Handel. A potentially embarrassing situation arose for the composer when Queen Anne died in 1714 and was succeeded by King George I -- the very Georg of Hanover to whose court Handel had never returned! But relations between the two must have remained amicable, for Handel's royal stipend was doubled before too long, on top of which he was granted another stipend from the Princess of Wales. Throughout his career, Handel continually composed much wonderful instrumental music, including many fine organ concertos, a good amount of keyboard music, and celebratory music such as the suite of airs and dances known as the Water Music, written to accompany a royal barge trip down the Thames in 1717. There is also the Musick for the Royal Fireworks, composed in 1749 to celebrate the peace of Aix-la-Chappelle, which had been declared the previous year. Following the model of Corelli, Handel also completed two sets of concerti grossi, some of the finest examples of the genre from the late Baroque, an example of which is the Concerto Grosso, Op. 6 no. 5. Of course, he was obliged to compose much choral music for the court, too. Among these works are the anthems written for the Duke of Chandos, various odes, and the four majestic Coronation anthems from 1727. But these compositions were incidental to Handel's main reason for having settled in England: the composition and production of Italian opera for a fashionable and eager audience. And produce them he did, becoming as much involved with the business end of things as with the creative. Beginning with Rinaldo in 1711, Handel rapidly composed over forty operas between 1712 and 1741. Many of these met with great success and brought Handel a great deal of fame and money. Some of the more famous of these operas are Giulio Cesare (1724), Alcina (1735), and Serse (1738). Many of these scores contain much fine music, and an aria such as "Or la tromba" from Rinaldo illustrates the pomp, grandeur, and vocal virtuosity to be found in the Italian operas of the late Baroque. Yet as dramatic entertainment these works fail to stand up today, mostly because of the ridiculously stilted librettos to which they are set. Indeed, even at that time it was recognized that some changes had to be made, and within the next thirty years, Christoph von Gluck began implementing those changes. Although Handel's operas were immensely popular when they were written, by the 1730s public interest in opera had faded considerably, and Handel ended up losing a great deal of money continually attempting to find further success in the genre. Eager to find a new audience, Handel turned to the composition of oratorio: dramatic, non-staged works for the concert hall, usually with a great deal of choral music, and most often with a Biblical subject,	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,746	What is the name of the wizarding pub in London in the Harry Potter novels?	Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Places/Diagon Alley - Wikibooks, open books for an open world Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Places/Diagon Alley From Wikibooks, open books for an open world General Overview[ edit ] Diagon Alley is the main wizarding shopping street in London. On this street we can find any number of shops specifically for wizards, including an apothecary, Eeylops Owl Emporium, Florean Fortescue's Ice Cream Parlor (which actually sounds like a nice place for Muggles as well), Flourish and Blott's bookstore, Gringotts Wizarding Bank , Madam Malkin's Robes for All Occasions, The Magical Menagerie pet store, Ollivanders: Makers of Fine Wands since 382 BC, and Quality Quidditch Supplies. The Leaky Cauldron pub backs onto this street, and the entrance to Knockturn Alley lies in this street as well. The merchants of Diagon Alley are well prepared for the annual influx of students needing to buy supplies for their year at Hogwarts . Extended Description[ edit ] Beginner warning: Details follow which you may not wish to read at your current level. Located behind the Leaky Cauldron pub, open to the sky, but somehow invisible to Muggles , Diagon Alley is an old-fashioned street lined with quaint buildings that house traditional shops serving the wizarding community. There are many more stores than are named; for instance, the first time he enters Diagon Alley in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry sees a shop selling cauldrons. The shop is never named, but presumably Harry does buy his cauldron there. Likewise, the store where he buys his telescope is unnamed. Many of the stores in Diagon Alley have some significance to the series and some are visited repeatedly. The Apothecary is never named, but presumably Harry must visit it each year for potion ingredients. He is initially quite intrigued by the available supplies, but apparently these become commonplace to him, as there is only one other time it is mentioned, in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban , where it doesn't even merit a full sentence. Eeylops' Owl Emporium is a store specializing in owls and supplies for them, which of course serve both as pets and as as a means of communications in the Wizarding world. In the first book, Harry receives an owl from Hagrid as a birthday present; this owl, Hedwig , remains Harry's companion through much of the series. Florean Fortescue 's Ice Cream Parlour plays a relatively minor role. Hagrid, on Harry's first visit to Diagon Alley, presents him with a large ice cream, which one supposes must have come from Fortescue's establishment. Harry spends a fortnight in Diagon Alley at the start of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban , during which time he spends nearly every afternoon in Fortescue's. In the sixth book, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, we hear that Fortescue has vanished, and damage to his store indicates that he didn't leave willingly. It is assumed that he has been captured by Death Eaters . Flourish and Blott's Bookstore is so overloaded with Spell books that it apparently takes magic to keep its shelves from tipping over. This is where Harry, Ron , and Hermione buy their school books most years. This is also the scene of a confrontation between Lucius Malfoy and Arthur Weasley which escalates to physical violence, in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets . Gringotts Wizarding Bank is the one place where Wizards keep their money. Harry visits Gringotts in the first book, where he is astonished to find that his parents have left a large amount of money in the vaults for him, and further that quite a lot of it is actually in gold. Visiting again later, in company with the Weasley family, he is rather embarrassed to see how very little is in their vault, compared to what is in his. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , Harry determines that one of the Horcruxes is, in fact, stored in a deep vault at Gringotts. Harry and Professor Dumbledore between them have decided that the places where Voldemort had hidden his Horcruxes were all places of deep significance to Voldemort; while	Harry Potter fandom - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics Ron Weasley Did you know ... From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Because students in the novels board the train to Hogwarts at Platform 9 + 3 ⁄ 4 at King's Cross railway station in London , the real King's Cross has erected a sign at a wall between tracks 9 and 10 to commemorate this. The Harry Potter fandom is a large international and informal community drawn together by J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series. The fandom works through the use of many different forms of media, including web sites , fan fiction , podcasts , fan art and songvids . Harry Potter fan fiction , stories based on the series but written by fans and distributed online, is the most searched-for subject of all fan fiction on the web, surpassing even those in the Star Trek fandom, or Trekdom . [1] However, the fandom not only interacts online in Internet forums , but also gathers at scholarly fan conventions , tours of iconic landmarks relevant to the books and production of the films , and parties held for the midnight release of each book and film. By the fourth Harry Potter book, the legions of Harry Potter fans had grown so large that considerable security measures were taken to ensure that no book was purchased before the official release date [2] Studies on the fandom have shown that both children and adults are fans, [3] [4] despite Rowling's original marketing of the books towards children aged nine to twelve. [5] Contents 13 See also Pottermania Potter fans wait in lines outside a Borders bookstore for their copy of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Pottermania is an informal term first used around 1999 describing the craze Harry Potter fans have had over the series. [6] Fans held midnight parties to celebrate the release of the final four books at bookstores which stayed open on the night leading into the date of the release. [7] In 2005, Entertainment Weekly listed the midnight release of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire as one of "Entertainment's Top Moments" of the previous 25 years. [8] The craze over the series was parodied in Lauren Weisberger 's 2003 novel The Devil Wears Prada as well as its 2006 film adaptation . In the story, the protagonist Andrea Sachs is ordered to retrieve two copies of the next installment in the series for her boss's twins before they are published so that they can be privately flown to France, where the twins and their mother are on holiday. [9] The series has come with its share of criticism as well. Allegations of witchcraft and the Occult found in the text, and legal disputes , one doctor coined the term "Hogwarts headache" in a letter to the New England Journal of Medicine shortly after the release of Order of the Phoenix , the longest book in the series, at 766 pages in the UK edition, 870 pages in the US edition, and over 250,000 words. [10] [11] He described it as a mild condition, a tension headache possibly accompanied by neck or wrist pains, caused by unhealthily long reading sessions of Harry Potter. The "symptoms" resolve themselves within days of finishing the book. His prescription of taking reading breaks was rejected by two of the patients on which he discovered this headache. [12] On a similar note, researchers in Oxford found that the admission rate of children with traumatic injuries to the city's ERs plummeted on the publication weekends of both Order of the Phoenix and Half-Blood Prince . [13] Fan sites There are many fan web sites about Harry Potter on the Internet, the oldest ones dating to about 1997 or 1998. [14] [15] [16] J. K. Rowling has an open relationship with her fan base, and since 2004 periodically hands out a "fan site award" on her official web site. [17] The first site to receive the award was Immeritus, a fan site mostly devoted to Sirius Black , and about which Rowling wrote, "I am so p	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,747	According to the Bible who was the first Christian martyr?	The History of Christian Martyrs The History of Christian Martyrs QUESTION: What is the history of Christian martyrs? ANSWER: The history of Christian martyrs, according to the Bible, begins in Acts with the stoning of the apostle Stephen. Later in the book of Acts, the apostle Paul calls Stephen Jesus' martyr. It says in Acts 22:20, "And when the blood of your martyr Stephen was shed, I stood there giving my approval and guarding the clothes of those who were killing him." However, the history of Christian martyrs does not end with Stephen's death. During the first century after Jesus' death nearly all of his disciples suffered martyrdom for His sake. James the son of Zebedee was beheaded in approximately 44 A.D. Philip was crucified in 54 A.D. Matthew was killed with a halberd, an ax-like weapon, in 60 A.D. James, who is thought to be the brother of Jesus, was beaten to death, Matthias was beheaded, Andrew was crucified, Mark was torn to pieces, and Peter was crucified upside down. Jude, Bartholomew, and Thomas were also martyred. Paul suffered martyrdom in Rome where he was beheaded. Other early apostles Luke, Barnabas, Timothy, and Simon were also killed for the sake of Christ. The history of Christian martyrs does not end with the death of the disciples. Thousands willingly gave their lives under Roman persecution by the emperors Nero, Domitian, Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, Maximus, Decius, Valerian, Aurelian, and Diocletian. The Roman persecution lasted well into the fourth century A.D. and did not end until Emperor Constantine declared Christianity the official religion of his empire. During the same time period, in Persia, where the Gospel had quickly spread, many others were also martyred for their faith. Unfortunately, the history of Christian martyrs does not end with Constantine. Throughout the following centuries and up until present time, Christians have, and continue to, suffer martyrdom. This persecution has come by means of other Christians, other faiths, and political powers. This martyrdom gives testimony to the verse in John 15: 20-21 where Jesus tells His disciples, "Remember the words I spoke to you: 'No servant is greater than his master.' If they persecuted me, they will persecute you also. If they obeyed my teaching, they will obey yours also. They will treat you this way because of my name, for they do not know the One who sent me."	Jerusalem captured in First Crusade - Jul 14, 1099 - HISTORY.com Jerusalem captured in First Crusade Share this: Jerusalem captured in First Crusade Author Jerusalem captured in First Crusade URL Publisher A+E Networks During the First Crusade, Christian knights from Europe capture Jerusalem after seven weeks of siege and begin massacring the city’s Muslim and Jewish population. Beginning in the 11th century, Christians in Jerusalem were increasingly persecuted by the city’s Islamic rulers, especially when control of the holy city passed from the relatively tolerant Egyptians to the Seljuk Turks in 1071. Late in the century, Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comenus, also threatened by the Seljuk Turks, appealed to the West for aid. In 1095, Pope Urban II publicly called for a crusade to aid Eastern Christians and recover the holy lands. The response by Western Europeans was immediate. The first crusaders were actually undisciplined hordes of French and German peasants who met with little success. One group, known as the “People’s Crusade,” reached as far as Constantinople before being annihilated by the Turks. In 1096, the main crusading force, featuring some 4,000 mounted knights and 25,000 infantry, began to move east. Led by Raymond of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, Robert of Flanders, and Bohemond of Otranto, the army of Christian knights crossed into Asia Minor in 1097. In June, the crusaders captured the Turkish-held city of Nicaea and then defeated a massive army of Seljuk Turks at Dorylaeum. From there, they marched on to Antioch, located on the Orontes River below Mount Silpius, and began a difficult six-month siege during which they repulsed several attacks by Turkish relief armies. Finally, early in the morning of June 3, 1098, Bohemond persuaded a Turkish traitor to open Antioch’s Bridge Gate, and the knights poured into the city. In an orgy of killing, the Christians massacred thousands of enemy soldiers and citizens, and all but the city’s fortified citadel was taken. Later in the month, a large Turkish army arrived to attempt to regain the city, but they too were defeated, and the Antioch citadel surrendered to the Europeans. After resting and reorganizing for six months, the crusaders set off for their ultimate goal, Jerusalem. Their numbers were now reduced to some 1,200 cavalry and 12,000 foot soldiers. On June 7, 1099, the Christian army reached the holy city, and finding it heavily fortified, began building three enormous siege towers. By the night of July 13, the towers were complete, and the Christians began fighting their way across Jerusalem’s walls. On July 14, Godfrey’s men were the first to penetrate the defenses, and the Gate of Saint Stephen was opened. The rest of the knights and soldiers then poured in, the city was captured, and tens of thousands of its occupants were slaughtered. The crusaders had achieved their aims, and Jerusalem was in Christian hands, but an Egyptian army marched on the holy city a few weeks later to challenge their claim. The Egyptians’ defeat by the outnumbered Christians in August ended Muslim resistance to the Europeans for the time being, and five small Christian states were set up in the region under the rule of the leaders of the crusade. Related Videos	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,748	A drake is the adult male of which bird?	Drake Duck Definition - Bird Genders Drake Duck Definition Bird Vocabulary - C-D Drake Duck Definition Many drakes are brilliantly colored and may have showy plumes or oddly shaped feathers. Photo © David Fant Flickr/CC by 2.0 Updated September 28, 2016. Definition: (noun) A drake is a fully sexually mature adult male duck of any duck species , wild or domestic , though males do not have to have attracted a mate or sired ducklings in order to be called drakes. The term drake refers exclusively to males while the term duck can refer to either gender, and the term hen refers exclusively to females. Immature birds of either gender are called ducklings, not drakes or hens. Pronunciation: (rhymes with lake, fake and bake) About Drakes For many ducks native to the Northern Hemisphere, a drake can look significantly different than hens of the same species. In addition to some minor size differences, males often have more vibrantly colored plumage, including bolder color patches, greater contrast, more elaborate markings and even iridescent patches. Males' bills may also be more brightly colored than females. Particularly for dabbling duck drakes, these differences contrast boldly and make it easy to tell the duck genders apart. continue reading below our video 5 Hobbies That Look Good on Your Resume Examples of strongly dimorphic drakes include... The boldly painted and elaborately marked harlequin duck The strong color pattern and bright eye of the northern shoveler The bright blue bill and chestnut body of male ruddy ducks The rainbow-like colors and bulbous bill of the king eider The pied and iridescent colors of the tiny bufflehead In each of these cases, and many others, females are much more camouflaged, though they may still have some distinct markings. Females are generally less bold and colorful, with neutral plumage in concealing hues such as brown, black, buff, gray and similar earth tones. Their bills, eyes, legs and feet may also be more muted than their male counterparts, and their markings are not usually as well defined. For many similar duck species, females may be very challenging to tell apart, while males can be instantly identified. Many male ducks also have oddly shaped feathers that attract additional attention to their plumage. Familiar examples include... The tightly upward curled tail of the mallard The wide fan or sail feathers of the mandarin duck The long, iridescent crest of the wood duck The long, sharp tail of the northern pintail The thick, arcing hood of the hooded merganser These unusual feather shapes and bright colors are critical for attracting mates and showing off strength and health to defend a territory. Both the colors and the unique feathers often play critical roles in courtship displays . Males will use postures and movements that show off their feather colors and specialized shapes in order to attract the attention of desirable females. While dabbling ducks often have the most vibrant visual contrasts between genders, male ducks of any type - mergansers, stifftails, whistling-ducks, etc. - are all called drakes. The term is not used for other waterfowl, however; male swans, geese, coots and similar birds are never called drakes. When Drakes Look Like Hens For a brief period after the breeding season, many male ducks molt to an eclipse plumage that more closely resembles the camouflaged colors of the females. During that short period they are flightless and more vulnerable to predators, including hunters and poachers. For protection, eclipse males may gather in all-male flocks or may opt to stay in more densely vegetated, isolated habitat where they are more easily concealed. Fortunately, this flightless period is short and drakes quickly replace their full, colorful plumage and flight abilities. The exception is some of the most elaborate feathers or plumes, which may take longer to regrow and may only reappear just before the next breeding season begins. Juvenile males also lack the brighter colors of fully sexually mature birds, and will not develop any specialized feathers unti	crane \| bird \| Britannica.com Crane sandhill crane Crane, any of 15 species of tall wading birds of the family Gruidae (order Gruiformes). Superficially, cranes resemble herons but usually are larger and have a partly naked head, a heavier bill, more compact plumage , and an elevated hind toe. In flight the long neck is stretched out in front, the stiltlike legs trailing out behind. Crowned crane (Balearica pavonina [regulorum]). K.B. Newman—NHPA/EB Inc. Learn about the red-crowned cranes in Kushiro Shitsugen National Park, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Learn about the red-crowned crane, including its courtship dance. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Steller’s sea eagles battling red-crowned cranes for food on Hokkaido island, Japan. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz Cranes form an ancient group, the earliest fossils having been recovered from Eocene deposits in North America . Living forms are found worldwide except in South America , but populations of many are endangered by hunting and habitat destruction. These graceful terrestrial birds stalk about in marshes and on plains, eating small animals of all sorts as well as grain and grass shoots. Two olive-gray eggs spotted with brown are laid in a nest of grasses and weed stalks on drier ground in marsh or field. The same nest may be used year after year. The brownish, downy young can run about shortly after hatching. The trachea (windpipe) is simple in the chick but lengthens with age, coiling upon itself like a French horn. It lies buried in the hollow keel of the breastbone and reaches a length of 1.5 metres (5 feet) in the adult whooping crane (Grus americana). Whooping crane (Grus americana). International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI. The sandhill crane (G. canadensis) breeds from Alaska to Hudson Bay; it formerly bred in south-central Canada and the Great Lakes region of the United States but is now rare in these regions. This brownish-gray crane is about 90 to 110 cm (35 to 43 inches) long. Its call is long, harsh, and penetrating. The Florida sandhill crane (G. c. pratensis), a smaller race, breeds in Florida and southern Georgia and is nonmigratory. Other subspecies of sandhills are classified as rare or endangered. The common crane (G. grus) breeds in Europe and northern Asia, wintering in large flocks in northern Africa, India, and China . The Australian crane, native companion, or brolga (G. rubicunda), lives in Australia and southern New Guinea . The demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo) breeds in Algeria, southeastern Europe, and Central Asia; the crowned crane (Balearica pavonina [regulorum]), over nearly all of Africa; and the wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus), in eastern and southern Africa. Sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis).	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,749	Bridget Bishop was hanged on June 10, 1692 at Gallows Hill near what Massachusetts city for certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft & Sorceries?	1000+ images about June 10: Hanging of Bridget Bishop on Pinterest \| To be, Bell witch and Days in Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas June 10: Hanging of Bridget Bishop Bridget was the first person executed in the Salem Witch Hysteria. In April, 1692, a warrant was issued for Bishop's arrest on charges of performing witchcraft and consorting with the devil himself. When she entered the courthouse, a number of the "afflicted" girls howled that she was causing them pain. Bishop denied any wrongdoing, swearing that she was innocent. Bishop's own brother-in-law swore he'd seen her "conversing with the Devil" who "came bodily into her." She was executed on June 10. 5 Pins281 Followers	Untitled Page Latin is abolished in the English courts. Government England passes the Molasses Act, which places heavy taxes on molasses, rum and sugar imported to the colonies. Government James Oglethorpe (1696-1785) founds the last of the 13 colonies, named Georgia in honor of King George II; he also founds the city of Savannah. Medicine Epidemic: The first serious outbreak of influenza sweeps through New York City and Philadelphia; about three-fourths of the population is affected. Inventions John Kay (1704-c.1764) patents a flying shuttle loom. Inventions Chester Moor Hall (1703-1771) invents the achromatic lens refracting telescope. Education Charter schools for Protestants only are founded in Ireland. Arts and Letters Essay: Alexander Pope (1688-1744) writes his "Essay on Man," including the words, “Hope springs eternal in the human breast.” Ideas Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire’s (1694-1778) "Letters Concerning the English Nation" is written, helping to define the liberal spirit of the Enlightenment. Daily Life The Society of Freemasons establishes its first American lodge in Boston. Daily Life The first polar bear is exhibited in America, in Boston. Daily Life Newspapers: The New York "Weekly Journal" is published by John Peter Zenger (1697-1746), opposing policies of the colonial government. Religion The Corporation for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England is founded. Religion First Great Awakening: Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) preaches on “The Great Awakening” in New England—a religious revival that emphasizes man’s sinful nature. 1734 Presidents: John Adams (1735-1826), 2nd President of the U.S., is born on October 30, in Massachusetts. Science Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778), Swedish botanist, devises a classification method for plants and animals. Inventions George Hadley (1685-1768), English meteorologist, invents the Hadley Cell, a model of the Earth’s wind circulation. Arts and Letters Opera: The first opera performed in the colonies, “Flora,” opens in Charleston, South Carolina. Daily Life Newspapers: The “Evening Post” begins publishing in Boston. Daily Life Women’s status in the colonies changes due to increasing wealth. Newspapers tell of runaway wives and elopements. Daily Life Newspapers: John Peter Zenger (1697-1746), printer and publisher of the "New York Weekly Journal," is acquitted of seditious libel in a landmark trial for freedom of the press. Religion John Wesley (1702-1791) writes his “Journals.” Religion The first Moravian (United Brethern) community is established at Savannah, Ga. Reform Temperance Movement: The sale of spirits (liquor) is prohibited in Georgia (until 1742). 1736 English statutes against witchcraft are repealed. Science Anders Celsius (1701-1744) shows that the Earth’s poles are somewhat flat. Medicine The first accurate and detailed description of scarlet fever is given. Medicine Claudius Aymand (1660-1740) performs the first successful operation for appendicitis. Arts and Letters Charles Theodore Pachelbel (1690-1750) gives organ concerts in New York City, brings the Bach tradition to the New World. Economics French engraver and type founder Pierre-Simon Fournier (1712-1768) sets up a foundry in Paris. Economics Transportation: Regular stagecoach line service begins between Boston and Newport, RI. Religion Pope Clement XII (1652-1740) condemns Freemasonry. Religion The first Protestant missions are established at the Cape Colony in South Africa. Social Issues Maria Agnesi (1718-1799), publishes essays on science and philosophy. Science Joseph Breintnall, a member of Franklin's Library Company, describes the aurora borealis. Science Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782) examines fluid flow in "Hydrodynamica." Medicine John Lining (1708-1760) records daily weather observations and theorizes that weather affects—and may cause—certain diseases. Medicine Epidemic: A smallpox epdemic begins in South Carolina. Inventions The bottle opener is invented. Arts and Letters Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) writes the "B minor Mass." Ideas Voltaire (1694-1778) brings the ideas of	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,750	What British golfer became the youngest Ryder Cup player in 1977?	Great British Golfers – TalkGolf Great British Golfers Nick Faldo One of the most successful British golfers in history, Nick Faldo has won three Open Championships and three US Masters titles, and has been ranked No.1 on the official World Golf Rankings for an outstanding total of ninety eight weeks. After being inspired by watching Jack Nicklaus play golf in the early seventies Faldo had his first introduction to the game, quickly achieving success in 1975 by winning both the English Amateur Championship and the British Youths Championship. In 1976, Faldo became a professional golfer, making his mark by finishing in eighth place on his first European tour and in 1977 he became the youngest player ever to play as part of the Ryder Cup team. During the eighties, Faldo took some time out of competition to improve his swing under the instruction of golfer turned tutor David Leadbetter. Following the changes made to his game, Faldo returned to competitive golf and won his first major championship title in the 1987 Open Championship. Since then, in addition to his championship success, Faldo has won a series of high profile competitions and tour events including the French Open, Irish Open, Spanish Open, the PGA, the British Masters and the European Open. He has also had several team successes including the Alfred Dunhill Cup, the World Cup and the Ryder Cup. Colin Montgomerie Affectionately known as ‘Monty,’ Colin Montgomerie is a legendary Scottish golfer and is widely recognised as the leading golfer to have emerged in European competition over the last fifteen years. Montgomerie was a successful amateur golfer, winning the Scottish Youths Championship in 1983, before turning professional in 1988 and winning the Rookie of the Year title on the European Tour that same year. He won his first professional title in 1989, when he won the Portugese Open and since then, he has won more European titles than any other British Golfer. During the nineties, Montgomerie went on to win numerous tournaments on the European Tour including the Scandinavian Masters in 1991, the Volvo German Open in 1995, the Murphy’s Irish Open in 1996 and 1997 and the Volvo PGA Championship in 1998. Between 1993 and 1999 Montgomerie won a record breaking seven ‘Order of Merit Titles’ on the tour and twenty high profile tournaments during that time, winning five titles in 1999 alone, being known as the most consistent golfer in the world during his most successful period. Since his seven year European winning streak, Montgomerie has continued to prove himself, most notably in the year 2000 when he made the record books again by winning the Volvo PGA Championship for the third time. In 2001 he won the Australian Masters and in 2002 he won his first Asian title in the TCL classic in China. Montgomerie has taken part in eight Ryder Cups during his career, as well as other team tournaments, including the Dunhill Cup, the World Cup and the UBS Cup. Whilst never having won a major championship title, despite coming a close second at both the US Open and the US PGA, Montgomerie is regarded as one of the finest sportsmen in Britain, officially marked in 2004 when he was awarded an OBE for sporting achievement. Lee Westwood Regarded as one of England and Europe’s finest golfers, Lee Westwood began playing golf at the age of thirteen before winning his first amateur tournament, the Pete McEvoy Trophy aged seventeen. After winning the British Youth Championship in 1993, Westwood turned professional, winning his first professional competition four years later at the Volvo Scandinavian Masters. Whilst Westwood has not won any major championships, he did attain fourth place in the official World Golf Rankings when he came forth in the 2000 British open. He has also won several high profile competitions, including the Freeport McDermott Classic in 1998, the Sumitomo VISA Taiheiyo Masters in 1996 and for the following two years, and the Cisco World Match Play Championship in 2000. Westwood has performed particularly well in European Tour events, having won a total of 18 t	1969 British Open Golf Tournament: A Brit Winner Again By Brent Kelley Updated December 18, 2015. Englishman Tony Jacklin won the 1969 British Open, becoming the first British winner since Max Faulkner's victory in 1951. (Faulkner made the cut and tied for 30th here - the last time he made the cut in the Open.) Jacklin took the lead away from Bob Charles - the leader after both the first and second rounds - following the third round, when he shot 70 to Charles' 75. That gave Jacklin a 2-stroke edge heading into the final round, and he maintained that margin over Charles to the end. Charles, for the second straight year, finished second; Roberto De Vicenzo and 5-time British Open winner Peter Thomson tied for third. One of the golfers in the Top 10 was Davis Love Jr., father of future PGA Championship winner Davis Love III . Love was a club pro who played his way into more than a dozen majors from 1955 to 1974. His tie for sixth in the 1969 British Open was his best finish in those majors. Another Top 10 finish was recorded by Peter Alliss . continue reading below our video What Size Bike Should I Buy? Alliss' eighth-place showing here was the last of his five Top 10 finishes in the Open Championship. Jacklin went on to win the 1970 U.S. Open . There wasn't another British winner of the Open Championship until Sandy Lyle in 1985 . 1969 British Open Golf Tournament Scores Results from the 1969 British Open golf tournament played at the par-71 Royal Lytham & St. Annes Golf Club in Lytham St Annes, Lancashire, England (a-amateur): Tony Jacklin	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,751	How many cables make up a nautical mile?	What is a nautical mile, and how does it differ from a normal mile and a kilometer? \| HowStuffWorks What is a nautical mile, and how does it differ from a normal mile and a kilometer? NEXT PAGENEXT A nautical mile is based on the circumference of the planet Earth. If you were to cut the Earth in half at the equator, you could pick up one of the halves and look at the equator as a circle. You could divide that circle into 360 degrees. You could then divide a degree into 60 minutes. A minute of arc on the planet Earth is 1 nautical mile. This unit of measurement is used by all nations for air and sea travel. A knot is a unit of measure for speed. If you are traveling at a speed of 1 nautical mile per hour, you are said to be traveling at a speed of 1 knot. Up Next The Scientific Jargon Quiz A kilometer is also defined using the planet Earth as a standard of distance. If you were to take the Earth and cut it in half along a line passing from the North Pole through Paris, and then measure the distance of the curve running from the North Pole to the equator on that circle, and then divide that distance by 10,000, you would have the traditional unit for the kilometer as defined in 1791 by the French Academy of Sciences. A nautical mile is 1,852 meters, or 1.852 kilometers. In the English measurement system, a nautical mile is 1.1508 miles, or 6,076 feet. To travel around the Earth at the equator, you would have to travel (360 * 60) 21,600 nautical miles, 24,857 miles or 40,003 kilometers.	The U.S. Navy U.S. Navy - A Brief History of Aircraft Carriers - USS Constellation (CV 64) displacement: 82,538 tons (74,877 metric tons) full load length: 1,073 feet (327 meters) beam: 130 feet (39.62 meters); extreme width: 282 feet (85.95 meters) draft: 39 feet (11.89 meters) speed: In excess of 30 knots (34.5+ miles per hour) complement:4,000 crew armament: Three NATO Sea Sparrow launchers; four 20mm Phalanx CIWS mounts class: Kitty Hawk From: Dictionary of American Fighting Ships, United States Naval Aviation, 1910-1995, both published by the Naval Historical Center , and from the USS Constellation public affairs office Larger screen images are linked from the images in the text below. The second Constellation (CVA 64) was built by New York Naval Shipyard, Brooklyn, N.Y.; christened 8 October 1960 by Mrs. C. A. Herter, wife of the Secretary of State; and commissioned 27 October 1961, Capt. T. J. Walker, in command. She was named for one of the six frigates bought by the Continental Congress in the late 1790s. The first of those frigates, ships which were to make American naval history, was named for the ring of 13 stars that formed a "new Constellation" on the flag of the new United States. It was in the last stages of her building at the New York Naval Shipyard, on 19 December 1960, a fire broke out on Constellation's hangar deck. Fifty civilian workers died in the blaze. Constellation deployed to the western Pacific from her homeport of San Diego on 5 May 1964. The first three months of that deployment brought normal operations, training and port calls. However, on 2 August, while operating in international waters in the Gulf of Tonkin, USS Maddox (DD-731) reported being attacked by units of the North Vietnamese Navy. Within minutes of her receipt of the message, USS Ticonderoga (CVA 14) dispatched four, rocket-armed F8E Crusaders to the destroyer's assistance. Upon arrival, the Crusaders launched Zuni rockets and strafed the North Vietnamese craft with their 20-millimeter cannons. The Ticonderoga airmen teamed up with Maddox gunners to thwart the North Vietnamese attack, leaving one boat dead in the water and damaging the other two. Two days later, late in the evening of the 4 August, Ticonderoga received urgent requests from USS Turner Joy (DD-951), by then on patrol with Maddox, for air support in resisting what the destroyer alleged to be another torpedo boat foray. The carrier again launched planes to aid the American surface ships, and Turner Joy directed them. The Navy surface and air team believed it had sunk two boats and damaged another pair. President Johnson responded with a reprisal to what he felt at the time to be two unprovoked attacks on American seapower and ordered retaliatory air strikes on selected North Vietnamese motor torpedo boat bases. On 5 August, Ticonderoga and Constellation launched 60 sorties against four bases and their supporting oil storage facilities. Those attacks reportedly resulted in the destruction of 25 PT-type boats, severe damage to the bases, and almost complete razing of the oil storage depot. The strikes lasted for four hours. Constellation lost an A-1H Skyraider, whose pilot, Lt. j.g. Richard A. Sather, became the first Navy pilot to be killed in Vietnam, and an A-4E Skyhawk, flown by Lt.j.g. Everett Alvarez who became the first Navy POW. On 7 August 1964, Congress authorized President Johnson to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the United States .... [and] to assist any member or protocol state" of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). This resolution passed in the House of Representatives by a vote of 416 to 0 and in the Senate by 88 to 2. Constellation returned 1 February 1965. Her crew was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for actions in the Gulf of Tonkin. Constellation again deployed to the western Pacific from her home of San Diego on 12 May 1966 with Carrier Air Wing 15. On 1 July, three North Vietnam torpedo boats came out to attack USS Coontz (DLG 9) and USS Rogers (DD 8	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,752	To which family of birds does the brambling belong?	Brambling \| Audubon Field Guide Brambling Fringilla montifringilla A common finch of Europe and Asia, the Brambling appears regularly in small numbers in Alaska during migration, straying the short distance across the Bering Sea. Some of those that stray across in autumn apparently then continue south on the American side, and there have been winter records for numerous states and provinces east to the Atlantic Coast and south to Colorado. Many of these vagrant Bramblings have been found visiting bird feeders. Family	1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? 10. From what ancient activity does the word ‘crestfallen’ come? 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? 14. What did Britain’s roads first acquire in 1914? 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children’s TV programme How? 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? 19. Who were Tom and Barbara’s neighbours in The Good Life? 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your ‘Daisy Roots’? 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? 22. Which actor played Columbo? 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I’m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White Lines; 15. Robbie Fowler; 16. Hearsay; 17. Jack Hargreaves; 18. Dawn French; 19. Margo and Jerry Leadbetter; 20. Boots; 21. McWhirter (Ross and Norris); 22. Peter Falk; 23. Two; 24. The Clock Tower on the Palace of Westminster in London (Big Ben is the nickname for the bell); 25. The National Trust; 26. Brough Superior; 27. Yellow; 28. Fungi; 29. Nelson Mandela House; 30. Universal Serial Bus Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,753	Who, more known for detective stories, popularized the term 'The Lost World' in his 1912 book of that name?	10 Things You Didn't Know About Sherlock Holmes \| The Huffington Post 10 Things You Didn't Know About Sherlock Holmes 09/16/2013 10:13 am ET \| Updated Nov 16, 2013 390 Oliver Tearle Author; Lecturer in English, Loughborough Univ. 1) Sherlock Holmes was originally going to be called Sherrinford. The name was altered to Sherlock, possibly because of a cricketer who bore the name. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of Holmes, was a fan of cricket and the name 'Sherlock' appears to have stuck in his memory. Doyle was also a keen cricketer himself, and between 1899 and 1907 he played ten first-class matches for the Marylebone Cricket Club -- quite fitting, since Baker Street is situated in the Marylebone district of London. 2) The first Sherlock Holmes novel was something of a flop. The detective made his debut in the novel A Study in Scarlet (1887), written by a 27-year-old Doyle in just three weeks. Famously, Doyle was inspired by a real-life lecturer of his at the University of Edinburgh, Dr. Joseph Bell, who could diagnose patients simply by looking at them when they walked into his surgery. The other important influence was Edgar Allan Poe's fictional detective, C. Auguste Dupin. Doyle wrote the book while he was running a struggling doctor's surgery down in Portsmouth. The novel was rejected by many publishers and eventually published in Beeton's Christmas Annual (named after the husband of Mrs. Beeton). It didn't sell well, and more or less sank without trace. 3) The second Sherlock Holmes novel was the result of a dinner party with Oscar Wilde. One person who had admired the first novel was the editor Joseph Stoddart, who edited Lippincott's Monthly Magazine. He convinced Doyle, at a dinner party in 1889, to write a second novel featuring the detective, for serialization in the magazine. Wilde, who was another one of the diners, agreed to write a novel for the magazine -- his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray. 4) Sherlock Holmes didn't wear a deerstalker hat. Much. The famous image of Holmes wearing a deerstalker hat is a product of the celebrated images which accompanied the short stories, which appeared in the Strand magazine from 1891. It is when the stories began to appear that Sherlock Holmes became a worldwide sensation. Sidney Paget, who drew the illustrations, had Holmes wearing a deerstalker when the detective went into the country to investigate mysteries at country houses and in small rural villages, but most people think of the detective as always donning the hat when off to investigate a case. 5) Sherlock Holmes is the most-filmed fictional character. According to IMDb, Holmes has appeared in 226 films and been played by dozens of different actors since the advent of cinema in the late 19th century. 6) Sherlock Holmes is not the most-filmed fictional character. That is, not if you include non-humans (or partial humans). Dracula has been filmed more times than the great sleuth, at 239 times, but since Dracula is part-man, part-vampire, Holmes is the most-filmed fully human character. 7) Sherlock Holmes doesn't make deductions. Instead, and if we want to be technically accurate, he normally uses a logical process known as abduction. The difference between deductive and abductive reasoning is that the latter is based more on inference from observation, where the conclusion drawn may not always necessarily be true. However, in deduction, the conclusion drawn from the available data is always necessarily true. But then again, since Holmes's reasoning always seems to be correct, perhaps it is deduction after all! 8) Holmes never says 'Elementary, my dear Watson.' Not in the canon of original Conan Doyle novels and stories. Holmes says 'Elementary!' and 'my dear Watson' at various points, but the idea of putting them together was a later meme, which possibly arose because it neatly conveys Holmes' effortless superiority to his 'dear' friend and foil. The first recorded use of this exact phrase is actually in a P. G. Wodehouse novel of 1915, Psmith, Journalist. 9) The Sherlock Holmes Museum both is and isn't at	Supremacy and Survival: The English Reformation: Charles Dickens and the Gordon Riots Wednesday, February 8, 2012 Charles Dickens and the Gordon Riots Charles Dickens' 200th birthday was celebrated yesterday, February 7. Among Dickens' many, many works is one rather unusual historical novel, Barnaby Rudge, concerning the Gordon Riots--those anti-Catholic disturbances that followed the first steps of emancipating Catholics in England. There are two interesting features of this novel: one that Dickens wasn't really that interested in history and the other that Dickens really had no sympathy for the Catholics attacked during the Gordon Riots! As to the first feature: Chesterton commented on Dickens writing two historical novels (A Tale of Two Cities and Barnaby Rudge) while not knowing anything or caring about history: But it is very typical of Dickens's living interest in his own time, that though he wrote two historical novels they were neither of them of very ancient history. They were both, indeed, of very recent history; only they were those parts of recent history which were specially picturesque. I do not think that this was due to any mere consciousness on his part that he knew no history. Undoubtedly he knew no history; and he may or may not have been conscious of the fact. But the consciousness did not prevent him from writing a History of England. Nor did it prevent him from interlarding all or any of his works with tales of the pictorial past, such as the tale of the broken swords in Master Humphrey's Clock, or the indefensibly delightful nightmare of the lady in the stage-coach, which helps to soften the amiable end of Pickwick. Neither, worst of all, did it prevent him from dogmatising anywhere and everywhere about the past, of which he knew nothing; it did not prevent him from telling the bells to tell Trotty Veck that the Middle Ages were a failure, nor from solemnly declaring that the best thing that the mediæval monks ever did was to create the mean and snobbish quietude of a modern cathedral city. No, it was not historical reverence that held him back from dealing with the remote past; but rather something much better -- a living interest in the living century in which he was born. He would have thought himself quite intellectually capable of writing a novel about the Council of Trent or the First Crusade. He would have thought himself quite equal to analysing the psychology of Abelard or giving a bright, satiric sketch of St. Augustine. It must frankly be confessed that it was not a sense of his own unworthiness that held him back; I fear it was rather a sense of St. Augustine's unworthiness. He could not see the point of any history before the first slow swell of the French Revolution. He could understand the revolutions of the eighteenth century; all the other revolutions of history (so many and so splendid) were unmeaning to him. But the revolutions of the eighteenth century he did understand; and to them therefore he went back, as all historical novelists go back, in search of the picturesque. And from this fact an important result follows, The result that follows is this: that his only two historical novels are both tales of revolutions -- of eighteenth-century revolutions. These two eighteenth-century revolutions may seem to differ, and perhaps do differ in everything except in being revolutions and of the eighteenth century. The French Revolution, which is the theme of A Tale of Two Cities, was a revolt in favour of all that is now called enlightenment and liberation. The great Gordon Riot, which is the theme of Barnaby Rudge, was a revolt in favour of something which would now be called mere ignorant and obscurantist Protestantism. Nevertheless both belonged more typically to the age out of which Dickens came -- the great sceptical and yet creative eighteenth century of Europe. Whether the mob rose on the right side or the wrong they both belonged to the time in which a mob could rise, in which a mob could conquer. No growth of intellectual science or of moral cowardice had made it impossible to	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,754	The St Leger is run at which English racecourse?	33 runners for English St Leger at Doncaster - SportsNewsIRELAND Home / Racing / Racing: Irish Interest / 33 runners for English St Leger at Doncaster 33 runners for English St Leger at Doncaster By Paul Naughton Updated: July 24, 2014 Entries have been have released for the English St Leger, which takes place at Doncaster Racecourse on the final day of the Ladbrokes St Leger Festival, Saturday, September 13. Run over one mile, six furlongs and 132 yards, the Group One contest boasts a record prize fund of £650,000 in 2014 (up from £600,000 in 2013). Two of the past four Ladbrokes St Leger winners have been trained by John Gosden – Arctic Cosmos (2010) and Masked Marvel (2011) – and the Newmarket handler has won the final Classic four times in total. Gosden looks to hold another strong hand this year with Investec Derby thirdRomsdal (5/1 joint-favourite with Ladbrokes) and Group Two King Edward VII Stakes victor Eagle Top (6/1) starring among his five entries. The Gosden-trained quintet also includes Cloudscape(14/1), who stayed on well when fourth in the 10-furlong Group Three Tercentenary Stakes at Royal Ascot, impressive Doncaster maiden scorer Forever Now (16/1) and Marzocco (25/1), who stayed on to take fifth in the Group One Grand Prix de Paris at Longchamp on July 13. Observational (16/1) will test his Ladbrokes St Leger credentials in the 12-furlong Group Three Neptune Investment Management Gordon Stakes at Goodwood on July 30. The Roger Charlton-trained colt stayed on dourly to capture the Listed Cocked Hat Stakes by a neck from Marzocco at the same course in May, but missed the Investec Derby with a bad scope and has not run since. Charlton reported: “We have entered Observational in the Ladbrokes St Leger and it’s a race we are looking at. “Everything is fine with him. He will go for the Gordon Stakes next and we will see how he gets on there before deciding if he needs another run before the St Leger. “I would not be too concerned about stepping up in trip.” The Goodwood contest has produced four Ladbrokes St Leger heroes since the turn of the century courtesy of Encke (2012), Arctic Cosmos (2010), Conduit (2008) and Sixties Icon (2006). It forms part of the Neptune Investment Management-backed ‘Road to the St Leger’ series, which also features the Group Two Great Voltigeur Stakes at York on August 20. Ireland’s champion trainer Aidan O’Brien saddled his fourth Ladbrokes St Leger winner last year with Leading Light and has seven entries in 2014, the most of any trainer. The Ballydoyle septet includes Irish Derby runner-up Kingfisher (14/1) plus Listed scorer Indian Maharaja (40/1)and impressive maiden winner Granddukeoftuscany (14/1). Other possible starters for O’Brien areAdjusted (40/1), Annus Mirabilis (50/1), Blue Hussar (40/1) and Buonarroti (25/1), who was fifth at Doncaster last season in the Group One Racing Post Trophy. In addition to O’Brien’s seven entries, there are a further two entries from Ireland. John Oxx has entered the Christopher Tsui-owned Streetcar To Stars (33/1), a son of Sea The Stars who was narrowly denied in a 12-furlong Listed race at Leopardstown in June before gaining a comfortable success in a 10-furlong maiden at the Curragh later the same month. The Ladbrokes St Leger is the one English Classic to have eluded Jim Bolger and the trainer has entered dual handicap scorer Wexford Town (33/1), a full-brother to last year’s Irish Derby hero Trading Leather. No current trainer has won the Ladbrokes St Leger more times than Godolphin’s Saeed bin Suroor who has five victories to his name, most recently Mastery in 2009. Bin Suroor’s four entries in 2014 include Elite Army (6/1), impressive winner of the King George V Handicap at Royal Ascot andTrue Story (16/1), who was last seen out when fifth in the Group One Eclipse Stakes at Sandown Park on July 5. The lightly-raced Arabian Revolution (33/1) and Winter Thunder (16/1) complete the Godolphin quartet. Sir Michael Stoute famously broke his Ladbrokes St Leger duck with Conduit in 2008 and has a pair of interesting	And they're off! Racecourses with a view And they're off! Racecourses with a view Updated 1558 GMT (2358 HKT) June 29, 2016 Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing Goodwood describes itself as "the world's most beautiful racecourse." Hide Caption 1 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing It's one of Britain 59 racecourses, which offer a unique perspective of Britain's countryside and cities. Hide Caption 2 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing Britain's Grand National is one of the world's most famous races. Held at Liverpool's Aintree racecourse, the steeplechase was first run in 1839 and was won by Red Rum a record three times. Hide Caption 3 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing Chepstow, South Wales hosts the Welsh Grand National, with the Wye Valley providing a picturesque backdrop to the course. Hide Caption 4 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing Located in East Sussex in southern England, Plumpton racecourse recently hosted the Shetland Pony Gold Cup. Hide Caption 5 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing Steam rises from a runner after finishing at Kempton Park racecourse. One of the most prestigious races of the jump season -- the King George VI Chase is staged at Kempton on Boxing Day. The racecourse is a short train ride from central London. Hide Caption 6 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing As well as staging flat and jump races, Newbury also hosts live music events. Simply Red will play there on July 16 2016. Hide Caption 7 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing In Britain, racing is so much more than just jockeys and horses competing. Where would Ascot be without its hats? Founded by Queen Anne in 1711, Ascot is arguably the world's most famous racecourse with June's Royal Ascot week combining racing along with style and fashion over five days. Hide Caption 8 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing Racing great Lester Piggott poses at Doncaster racecourse in September 2014. Tthe world's oldest Classic race -- the St. Leger -- is run at Doncaster, with the course on Town Moor dating back to 1776. Hide Caption 9 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing Silvestre De Sousa riding Montsarrat (second left, green) wins the Ashbrittle Stud EBF Stallions Blagrave Maiden Stakes at Salisbury racecourse in June 2015. Racing has taken place at Salisbury since the sixteenth century. The Brazilian jockey won this year's 2015 flat jockeys' championship. Hide Caption 10 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing Newmarket is often referred to as the headquarters of British horse racing, while it also stages the first two British Classic races of the season -- the 1,000 and 2,000 Guineas. Hide Caption Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing The grandstands sit high on Sussex's South Downs at Goodwood racecourse. Hide Caption Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing Each year in March, the Cheltenham Festival draws huge crowds. Hide Caption 13 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing A general view of the course at Cheltenham racecourse in March 2015. Dubbed jumping's answer to the "Olympics," attendances peak at 70,000 on Gold Cup Day during the Festival. Hide Caption 14 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing Rain falls during Gold Cup day at the Cheltenham Festival in March 2015. It's estimated that as much as $232 million is bet at the Festival. Hide Caption 15 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse racing A general view as runners finish The 888sport Stakes at York racecourse in May 2015 in York. The course is located on the Knavesmire in the heart of the city and it's where highwayman Dick Turpin was hanged in 1739. Hide Caption 16 of 27 Photos: Britain viewed through the prism of horse	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,755	"Who created the English schoolboy hero ""Jennings""?"	BoyActors Forum - jennings (writer - anthony buckeridge) jennings (writer - anthony buckeridge) Print Post <center> (You need to Login or Register to view media files and links)</center> ANTHONY Buckeridge, the author of the hugely popular Jennings series of childrensï¿½ books, has died at the age of 92. He was at his home in Barcombe, Lewes, in Sussex, yesterday afternoon when he died following a long illness. His wife of 42 years, Eileen, was with him, having nursed him following a blood transfusion and the onset of Parkinsonï¿½s Disease. Buckeridge leaves his wife, three children - Sally, Timothy and Corin - and four grandchildren. Mrs Buckeridge said yesterday: "I kept him at home, nursed him at home and it has been a very, very peaceful end." The widespread popularity of the schoolboy series followed the radio success of Jennings At School on Childrenï¿½s Hour. The first book in 1950, Jennings Goes To School, was followed by a further 24 in a series which was translated into 12 languages and gained international acclaim selling millions of copies around the world. Buckeridge also penned plays, musicals and his autobiography, continuing to write until he became unwell in 2002. But he lived to see a revival of interest in the tales of the schoolboy and his sidekick Darbishire at Linbury Court School. He visited the Edinburgh Festival in 2000, and was awarded an OBE in last yearï¿½s New Yearï¿½s Honours List, for services to literature. Mrs Buckeridge said that recognition for his lifeï¿½s work had brought an "evening glow to a lifeï¿½s work". She added: "One of the things I have always been pleased about for him was the retrospective view of his books. "The old stuff on Childrenï¿½s Hour always concentrated on the humour - which is there and added to the popularity - but he has lived long enough to get a reassessment of the literary worth of his writing." ####### <center> (You need to Login or Register to view media files and links)</center> Obituaries Author of the Jennings stories which never seemed to date either as BBC scripts or on the printed page IF I HAD been an undertaker,ï¿½ Anthony Buckeridge once wrote, ï¿½I would write funny stories about funerals.ï¿½ The words point not only to his inherently cheerful disposition but also to his need to ground his writing in things that he knew about. So, as schoolmaster rather than undertaker, he turned naturally to the foibles of boys for his source material and, in the creation of Linbury Court School and its inhabitants, he shared with several generations of young readers his delight in the ridiculous. But he took some time to discover his metier. Born in 1912, Anthony Malcolm Buckeridge had rather a fraught childhood, since his father, a bank clerk, was killed on the Western Front in 1917 after just half an hour on active service, and his mother (unusually for the period, a university graduate) determined to take his place as breadwinner. The young Anthony was thus looked after by various relations until, through the Bank Clerksï¿½ Orphanage charity, he was dispatched to Seaford College, where he gained a pupilï¿½s-eye view of boarding-school life over ten not-unenjoyable years. A couple of forms ahead of him in the school was a ï¿½mildly eccentricï¿½ boy by the name of Diarmaid Jennings, whose japes were to be of notable significance for his younger contemporary in years to come. After Seaford, Buckeridge, as seems to have been expected of him, went to work in a bank. But he did not relish being cooped up all day and, having harboured thoughts of becoming a teacher, he took advantage of a ï¿½500 legacy and worked for a place at University College London. Here too though, he could not settle, and he left during his final year, ï¿½defeated by Latinï¿½, and in 1936 took up a post at a prep school in Suffolk. For the next 15 years, with a break during the war, when he served in the Auxiliary Fire Service, he continued schoolmastering, and although he was a lifelong socialist who favoured state schooling, he ending up as head of English in the junior school of St Lawr	The Children's Encyclopedia - Ed. Arthur Mee - Volume 1- p000-120 by Stephen Digby - issuu Chi ldren's En( ~ yelop e dia vOJ.ur..m ONE Chief Contributors to The Children's ' Encyclopedia Uterary T . THORNE BAKER HAROLD BEGBIE ERNEST A. BR Y,ANT JOHN DERRY ARTHUR D. INNES MARGARET LILLIE CHARLES RAY C. W. SALEEBY J. A. SPENDER J. ARTHUR THOMSON R . F. TOWLER H . N. TYERMAN H . C. WHAITE PERCY M . YOUNG Art FREDERICK ANGER HILDA M . COLEY A. FORESTIER F. R. HINKINS J. R. MONS ELL GEORGE ~'. MORRELL WAL PAGET S. B. PEARSE T. H . ROBINSON W. B. ROBINSON CHARLES M. SHELDON E. F. SKINNER S. E. TRANTER S. J. TURNER Printed in Great Britain by The Amalgamated Press, Ltd., London ii THE CHILDREN'S ENCYCLOPEDIA ORIGINATED AND EDITED by ARTHUR MEE THE EDUCATIONAL BOOK COMPANY, LIMITED, TALLIS HOUSE, TALLIS STREET, LONDON, E.C.4 III SHAKESPEARE FANCIES A NE W RHyl\\tlE IN HIS COTTAGE DAYS AT STRATFORD WE MAY BE SURE THAT SHAKESPEARE, FANCYING SOME NEW RHYME, WOULD CALL ANNE HATHAWAY T O USTEN AS HE PROUDLY READ IT OVER sq L;-C5 (" 0 CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME CROUP I EARTH AND ITS NEIGHBOURS The Big Ball W e Live On .. How the Earth was Made . . Threc Ways the Earth Moves Insid e the Wonderful Ball. . How Fire and Water Made the World How Sun and Wind Made the Hills .. 9 137 265 393 517 641 GROUP II COUNTRI This Great W orId of Ours .. Our Homeland Seeing Our Homeland From the Sea Our Great and Little Hills England in the Long Ago The Conqueror Comes . . GROUP 12 GROUP 2 MEN AND WOMEN 19 141 271 399 521 647 The First Flying Men .. The Kings of Music The Famous Men of Venice Creators of Fantasy Cromwell and His Men The French Revolutionists GROUP 3 STORIES Sections begin on pages 27, 151, 283, 407, 529, 655 GROUP 4 ANIMAL LIFE Nature's Thousands of Children The Animals Most Like Men Bats and Their Friends Big Cats and Little Cats Tbe Wild Dogs The Friendly Dogs 37 159 291 417 537 663 HISTORY GROUP 5 45 167 297 425 543 671 Man Se ts Out on a Journey Mall Builds Himself a House Man Fcels.flis Way to Power Thc Wondering Egyptian .. Man Begins to Think of God ' A New Birth for Mankind FAMILIAR THINGS 49 Iron and Steel Rope 179 Cotton 171 .. 301 China Airways Bridges . . The Piano 429 547 675 WONDER Sections begin on pages 59, 183, 307, 439, 559, 679 GROUP 8 Tb ~ Ri "h Treasure That is Ours Th,_ '::ave Men and their Pic tures The Artists of the Old Empires . . A Great Light Shines .. The Wonder Men of Florence L<:onardo and Michael Angelo GROUP 9 Life that Fills the Earth The First Living Things Why Life Left the Sea .. Life Makes the Bndy .. The Tiniest Living Things .. Our Unseen Friends and Foes GROUP 10 How Life Goes Round and R ou nd A Plant's Struggle for Life . . Birth, Life, and Death of a Flower How Plants Work for their Living How Plants Move and Feel .. Plants and their Ancestors . . IV ART 65 191 315 443 565 687 OURSELVES 77 199 325 451 575 697 PLANT LIFE 81 203 329 457 579 701 4. I Sections begin on pages 91, 217, 345,469,597,721 GROUP 13 POETRY & NURSERY RHYME S Sections begin on pages 97, 225, 351, 475, 603, 729 G~OUP 14 POWER The Very Heart of Matter . . What is Electricity? . . The Ocean of Power We Live In The Electric 'Current . . The Story of the Dynamo The Storage Battery GROUP 15 105 233 359 481 609 735 LITERATURE The Realms of Gold Poetry More Precious than Gold Our First Storytellers The Greatest English Book The Book as Sweet as Music The Poet Who Followed Chaucer Movement Justice . . Courage .. 109 239 363 485 613 739 IDEAS GROUP 16 493 .. 617 . . 743 THE BIBLE GROUP 17 117 247 375 497 621 747 The Way Our Bible Came The Bible Story of Creation The Story of Cain and Abel The First Days of Evil Abraham, the Friend of God Isaac and His Sons THINGS TO MAKE 8. DO GROUP 18 GitOUP 7 Sections b egin on pages 121, 249, 377, 501, 625, 749 GROUP 19 SCHOOL LESSONS READING (continued) Adding Together 635 The Sums Get Harder . . 757 NUlII'BER Learning to R ead . . 129 Picture Books 258 Like A Flash 387 Making a Newspaper 509 Story Books and Word Books 633 Some New Words 758 WRITING Learning to Write 130 Keeping a Diary .. 259 With	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,756	Which English prison reformer campaigned for the improvement of conditions at Newgate in the early 19th century?	Jubilee Campaign Child prisoners in Victorian times and the heroes of change Articles In 1845 an eight-year-old boy was brought to trial at the August sessions in Clerkenwell near St.Pancras. His name was Thomas Miller and he had been caught ‘stealing boxes’. For this crime the boy was sentenced to a month in jail – and he was whipped. In fairness it has to be said that in Victorian England there were only a few children under the age of 10 in prison, though the number of young criminals in jail aged more than 10 rises steeply. In the early years of the century all criminals were more or less thrown together in the common jail regardless of crime or age. But change was in the air and concern was rising over the rapid increase of petty crime. The first significant move came in 1823, when laws were introduced that provided separate lock-ups for those awaiting trial and the convicted and hardened criminals. Then it was recognized that a distinction should be made between the habitual and the casual criminal. Separate prisons were designated. We must assume that Thomas spent his month in the company of other casual criminals awaiting trial and not with the hardened convicts. Sadly, four months after his release he was back in court for robbing a till, and it came to the notice of the judge that he had been in trouble before, so the leniency given to casual criminals was waived and he was sentenced to 7 years' transportation. This meant that he would be removed to a special prison, possibly one of the notorious hulks moored off the south coast of England, to await shipping to Australia ‘at his Majesty’s pleasure’. The punishment of transportation had been resumed by Act of Parliament in 1784, ‘to any place beyond the seas, either within or without the British dominions, as his Majesty might appoint’. Two years later an order was published fixing the eastern coast of Australia as the future penal colonies. The first band of transports left England for Botany Bay – and so the colony of New South Wales was founded. Within 50 years 100,000 had been transported to Australia – some 2000 a year. Thomas was never sent to Australia. His sentence was commuted to 3 more months in prison. For the next four years he was in and out of prison, avoiding deportation twice and spending many months behind bars in the company of hardened criminals. The records lose sight of him after his conviction of June1852, ‘when he was sentenced, under the Larceny Act, to be whipped and imprisoned 2 days. He is now only 12 years of age, and not more than 4 feet 2 inches in height.’ The curse of poverty For the distance of time it is hard to imagine the state of London in the nineteenth century, before the motorcar or the railways, before the sewage system was built, before national health and guaranteed pensions, before the minimum wage. In 1872 Hippolyte Taine remarked that he recalled ‘the lanes which open off Oxford Street, stifling alleys thick with human effluvia, troops of pale children crouching on filthy staircases; the street benches at London Bridge where all night whole families huddle close, heads hanging, shaking with cold…abject, miserable poverty.’ Peter Ackroyd adds his comment: ‘In a city based upon money and power, those who are moneyless and powerless are peculiarly oppressed.’ It was the poverty, filth and squalour that drove many to crime – crime to brighten the darkness of life and to provide the means to survive. Many among the poor knew no other profession and the skills were handed down from father to son. And society responded with a severity that often failed to discern the root of the problem – locking away the luckless criminals or deporting them to a far away land. A cell within a cell John Garwood of the newly formed London City Mission, writing in 1853, expresses his distress over the number of children in jail: ‘The collecting of the prisoners for Divine service almost resembles the collecting of children to their school. This is undoubtedly the most affecting sight which a prison reveals. The writer ha	Theatres in Victorian London Theatres in Victorian London [ Victorian Web Home —> Authors —> Music, Theatre, and Popular Entertainment —> Theatres ] Much of the following information has been gathered from Frederick and Lise-Lone Marker's in "A Guide to London Theatres, 1750-1880" in The Revels History of Drama in English, Vol. VI: 1750-1880 (1975). They, in turn, consulted H. Barton Baker's History of the London Stage (London, 1904), Allardyce Nicoll's A History of English Drama 1660-1900 (Cambridge, 1966), E. B. Watson's Sheridan to Robertson (Cambridge, Mass., 1926), and The London Stage (Carbondale, Ill., 1962-68). Phyllis Hartnoll's Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre offers more detailed information about many of these nineteenth-century theatres. Additional images and links added by George P. Landow . For supplementary texts, consult the "Reference List" below. Adelphi (Strand) Built in 1806 opposite Adam Street by merchant John Scott (who had made his fortune from a washing-blue) as the Sans Pareil to showcase his daughter's theatrical talents, the theatre was given a new facade and redecorated in 1814. It re-opened on 18 October 1819 as the Adelphi, named after the imposing complex of West London streets built by the brothers Robert (1728-92) and James (1730-94) Adam from 1768. The name "Adelphoi" in Greek simply means "the brothers." Among the celebrated actors who appeared on its stage was the comedian Charles Matthews (1776-1835), whose work was so admired by young Charles Dickens. It had more "tone" than the other minor theatres because its patrons in the main were the salaried clerks of barristers and solicitors. The Adelphi was also noted for melodramas ("Adelphi Screamers") and dramatic adaptations, for example, Pierce Egan's Tom and Jerry, or Life in London, adapted by dramatist T. W. Moncrieff. Its first notable manager was Frederick Yates (1825-42), and its longest-tenured manager Ben Webster (1847-71). The well-known Anglo- Irish dramatist and actor Dion Boucicault performed on its stage in 1860, 1861, 1875, and 1880, while his second wife, Agnes Robertson, appeared on the stage of the Adelphi in 1861, 1875, and 1893. Noted adaptor and Dickensian "pirate" Edward Stirling was acting manager in 1838, and stage director in 1839. The Adelphi has the distinction, according to the research of Philip Bolton, of being the first house to stage an adaptation a work by Charles Dickens , the piece being J. B. Buckstone's "The Christening," a comic burletta (farce) which opened on 13 October 1834, based on "The Bloomsbury Christening," which would eventually be published in the first volume of Sketches by Boz. Indeed, many of Dickens's early works were adapted for the stage of the Adelphi, including The Pickwick Papers as W. L. Rede's The Peregrinations of Pickwick; or, Boz-i-a-na, a three -act burletta first performed on 3 April 1837, Yates's production of Nicholas Nickleby; or, Doings at Do-The-Boys Hall in November-December 1838, and Edward Stirling's two-act burletta The Old Curiosity Shop; or, One Hour from Humphrey's Clock (November-December 1840, January 1841). In 1840, a fresh façade was added, and in 1844 it came under the management of Madame Céleste and comedian Ben Webster, with John Baldwin Buckstone (1802-79) as its principal dramatist. On 28 January 1844, the theatre's lessee, Gladstane, wrote to John M. Kemble, Examiner of Plays in the Lord Chamberlain's offices, for permission to play Edward Stirling's "official" adaptation of Dickens's A Christmas Carol; or, Past, Present, and Future, which opened 5 February. Here, too, on 19 December 1844 Lemon and à Beckett's "official" adaptation of Dickens's The Chimes: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that rang an Old Year out and a New One In opened. In total, à Beckett staged six of his plays at the Adelphi between 1844 and 1853. Still manager in 1848, Ben Webster made application on 12 December to the Lord Chamberlain's office for the licensing of Mark Lemon's adaptation of Dickens's The Haunted Man, to op	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,757	What country has the most Shia Muslims?	Mapping the Global Muslim Population \| Pew Research Center October 7, 2009 Mapping the Global Muslim Population A comprehensive demographic study of more than 200 countries finds that there are 1.57 billion Muslims of all ages living in the world today, representing 23% of an estimated 2009 world population of 6.8 billion. While Muslims are found on all five inhabited continents, more than 60% of the global Muslim population is in Asia and about 20% is in the Middle East and North Africa. However, the Middle East-North Africa region has the highest percentage of Muslim-majority countries. Indeed, more than half of the 20 countries and territories 1 in that region have populations that are approximately 95% Muslim or greater. More than 300 million Muslims, or one-fifth of the world’s Muslim population, live in countries where Islam is not the majority religion. These minority Muslim populations are often quite large. India, for example, has the third-largest population of Muslims worldwide. China has more Muslims than Syria, while Russia is home to more Muslims than Jordan and Libya combined. Of the total Muslim population, 10-13% are Shia Muslims and 87-90% are Sunni Muslims. Most Shias (between 68% and 80%) live in just four countries: Iran, Pakistan, India and Iraq. These are some of the key findings of Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population, a new study by the Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life. The report offers the most up-to-date and fully sourced estimates of the size and distribution of the worldwide Muslim population, including sectarian identity. Previously published estimates of the size of the global Muslim population have ranged widely, from 1 billion to 1.8 billion. 2 But these commonly quoted estimates often have appeared without citations to specific sources or explanations of how the figures were generated. The Pew Forum report is based on the best available data for 232 countries and territories. Pew Forum researchers, in consultation with nearly 50 demographers and social scientists at universities and research centers around the world, acquired and analyzed about 1,500 sources, including census reports, demographic studies and general population surveys, to arrive at these figures – the largest project of its kind to date. (See Methodology for more detail.) The Pew Forum’s estimate of the Shia population (10-13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10-15%. Some previous estimates, however, have placed the number of Shias at nearly 20% of the world’s Muslim population. 3 Readers should bear in mind that the figures given in this report for the Sunni and Shia populations are less precise than the figures for the overall Muslim population. Data on sectarian affiliation have been infrequently collected or, in many countries, not collected at all. Therefore, the Sunni and Shia numbers reported here are expressed as broad ranges and should be treated as approximate. These findings on the world Muslim population lay the foundation for a forthcoming study by the Pew Forum, scheduled to be released in 2010, that will estimate growth rates among Muslim populations worldwide and project Muslim populations into the future. The Pew Forum plans to launch a similar study of global Christianity in 2010 as well. The Pew Forum also plans to conduct in-depth public opinion surveys on the intersection of religion and public life around the world, starting with a 19-country survey of sub-Saharan Africa scheduled to be released later this year. These forthcoming studies are part of a larger effort – the Global Religious Futures Project, jointly funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John Templeton Foundation – that aims to increase people’s understanding of religion around the world. Map: Distribution of Muslim Population by Country and Territory Only countries with more than 1 million Muslims are shown 2009 Muslim population, the percentage of its population that is Muslim and the perc	Shiites \| Article about Shiites by The Free Dictionary Shiites \| Article about Shiites by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shiites Related to Shiites: Sunni , Isis Shiites (shē`ītz) [Arab., shiat Ali,=the party of Ali], the second largest branch of Islam, Shiites currently account for 10%–15% of all Muslims. Shiite Islam originated as a political movement supporting Ali Ali (Ali ibn Abu Talib), 598?–661, 4th caliph (656–61). The debate over his right to the caliphate caused a major split in Islam into Sunni and Shiite branches, and he is regarded by the Shiites as the first Imam, or leader: Shiite derives from the phrase ..... Click the link for more information. (cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam) as the rightful leader of the Islamic state. The legitimacy of this claim, as initially envisioned by Ali's supporters, was based on Muhammad's alleged designation of Ali as his successor, Ali's righteousness, and tribal customs, given his close relation to the Prophet. Ali's right passed with his death in 661 to his son Hasan Hasan , c.625–c.669; son of Ali and Fatima (daughter of Muhammad the Prophet). When Ali was killed in 661, Hasan became caliph, but he was not strong enough to withstand the threat of arms of the Umayyads and under pressure abdicated in favor of Muawiya. ..... Click the link for more information. , who chose not to claim it, and after Hasan's death, to Husein Husein or Husayn , c.626–680, Muslim leader, second son of Ali and Fatima (daughter of Muhammad). With the assassination of his father in 661 and the acquiescence of his brother Hasan, the caliphate passed out of the Alid family, although many continued to ..... Click the link for more information. , Ali's younger son. The evolution into a religious formulation is believed to have been initiated with the martyrdom of Husein in 680 at Karbala (today in Iraq), a traumatic event still observed with fervor in today's Shiite world on the 10th of the month of Muharram of the Muslim lunar year. The Shiite focus on the person of the Imam made the community susceptible to division on the issue of succession. The early Shiites, a recognized, if often persecuted, opposition to the central government, soon divided into several factions. The majority of the Shiites today are Twelve-Imam Shiites (notably in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan). Others are Zaydis (in Yemen), and the Ismailis Ismailis , Muslim Shiite sect that holds Ismail, the son of Jafar as-Sadiq, as its imam. On the death of the sixth imam of the Shiites, Jafar as-Sadiq (d. 765), the majority of Shiites accepted Musa al-Kazim, the younger son of Jafar, as seventh imam. ..... Click the link for more information. (in India, Pakistan, Syria, and Yemen). The central belief of Twelve-Imam Shiites is the occultation (or disappearance from view) of the 12th Imam. The 12th Imam is considered to be the only legitimate and just ruler, and therefore no political action taken in his absence can be fruitful. While this position has provided Shiite clerics with the means to survive an often hostile environment, the need for an alternative formulation capable of framing political militancy has fostered activist movements within the Shiite tradition, occasionally leading to dissidence (see Babism Babism , system of doctrines proclaimed in Persia in 1844 by Ali Muhammad of Shiraz. Influenced by the Shaykhi Shiite theology that viewed the Twelve Imams as incarnations of the Divine, Ali Muhammad proclaimed himself the Bab, ..... Click the link for more information. ). The religious authority of the Shiite clerics is derived from their role as deputies of the absent 12th Imam; they are as such the recipients of the khums religious tax, a source of substantial economic autonomy. Shiite clerics are often refered to as mullahs and mujtahids. The most prominent clerical position is that of marja al-taqlid. The Shiite clergy does not, however, have a formal hierarchy. The honorific ayat Allah or ayatollah [Arab.,=sign of God] is a modern	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,758	The Internet company Google is based in which US state?	The Biggest Public Companies In Every U.S. State The Biggest Public Companies In Every U.S. State {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Full Bio The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. Loading ... Loading ... This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe Most Americans are familiar with , , , and —huge companies, whose products many of us interact with on a daily basis. But how about General Communications, Inc.? Based in Anchorage, Alaska, General Communications bills itself as that state's biggest provider of wireless network, with the fastest high-speed internet and digital cable television for home and business . Its market cap, as of close of trading on Nov. 3, is $472 million. Nothing to sneeze at, yet compared to America's largest public company, Apple--which has a market capitalization of $641.8 billion—General Communications is just 0.07% Apple's size. Nonetheless, General Communications, Inc., is Alaska's largest public company. Forbes' annual list of The Best States for Business is just around the corner, so we thought it an apt time to take a look at the largest public companies in each of the 50 states, plus the District of Columbia. To compile our list, we captured the market capitalization for all public companies traded on the major U.S. exchanges as of the end of the trading day on Nov. 3, using data provided by FactSet. Companies were sorted by the state where they have their headquarters. For each of the states, we highlight the top three in terms of market cap. Some of the names will be familiar—California's top three, for instance, are Apple, Google, and Wells Fargo. But plenty, we think, may surprise you. 52 images Take New Mexico. The largest company in that state is the $2.3 billion (market cap), Albuquerque-based PNM Resources, Inc., an energy holding company that provides electricity to homes in Northern New Mexico and Western Texas. In second place is EMCORE Corporation, a tiny fraction of PNM Resources' size with a $156.2 million market cap. EMCORE, also based in Albuquerque, makes semiconductor-based products for use in telecom, broadband, defense & homeland security, satellite and solar power. Some states, it seems, get all the riches in terms of market cap (California chief among them). But others have a surprising richness of large cap companies. In Rhode Island, Woonsocket-based CVS Health Corporation, the drugstore retail chain, leads the pack with a market cap of $101.6 billion. Next in that state is Citizens Financial Group, Inc., a Providence-based $13.4 billion market cap company and former subsidiary of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBS)--headquartered in Edinburgh, Scotland--which returned to the U.S. stock market in September. Industrial conglomerate Textron, Inc., which includes Bell Helicopter and Cessna Aircraft, is Rhode Island's third-largest public company, with a market cap of $11.7 billion. Among the biggest companies by state traded on the major exchanges, the five smallest are located in New Mexico, Wyoming, Alaska, and Vermont. The smallest company on a major exchange to make our list is $68.2 million (market cap) Anchorage-based Alaska Communications Systems Group, Inc., which provides broadband to businesses and consumers in Alaska and claims to have "the most diverse undersea fiber optic system connecting Alaska to the contiguous United States." The next two smallest are both located in Wyoming: $73.2 million (market cap) Riverton-based U.S. Energy Corp., an oil and natural gas exploration company, and $78.9 million (market cap) Casper-based Uranerz Energy Corporation, a uranium mining firm. The fourth-smallest is Albuquerque's EMCORE Corp., described above. And $175.9 million (market cap) Rutland, Vt.-based Casella Waste Systems, Inc., a waste management company that operates across the U.S., takes the fifth-smallest slot. (Note: New Mexico only has two companies traded on the m	Sardinia 66 Grunge music originated in which American city - MBA - 217 View Full Document Sardinia 66 Grunge music originated in which American city Seattle 67 The word bungalow comes from which language Hindi 68 What is the Japanese Shinkasen High speed Train 69 In what country are the Drakesberg mountains South Africa 70 Name the author who created Hannibal Lecter Thomas Harris 71 Dodie Smith wrote what book (later filmed by Disney) 101 Dalmatians 72 Venice stands on what river The Arno 73 Gary Boker Bobby Harrison Ray Rodger were in what pop group Procul Harem 74 What country launched its first space rocket January 1961 Italy 75 What have Jan Zajic and Quang Duc got in common Self Immolation 76 In 1962 - cost 20,000 - size of a small suitcase - what Portable computer 77 In France what is Framboise Raspberry 78 What held up a Cricket test Match between England Pakistan Mouse on pitch 79 What was banned from New York schools in 1962 Reading of Prayers 80 How to Handle a Woman came from which stage musical Camelot 81 James Drury starred in which TV western series The Virginian 82 Who had a hit with the song Loco-Motion Little Eva 83 Who won the Tour de France 4 times 1961 to 1964 Jacques Anquetil 84 What new domestic device was launched by Hoover in 1963 Steam Iron 85 What was the Soviet Vostok 3 space flight the first to do This is the end of the preview. 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1,504,759	What name is given to the military code of Japanese samurai?	Samurai and Bushido - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Samurai and Bushido A+E Networks Introduction The samurai, members of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan, began as provincial warriors before rising to power in the 12th century with the beginning of the country’s first military dictatorship, known as the shogunate. As servants of the daimyos, or great lords, the samurai backed up the authority of the shogun and gave him power over the mikado (emperor). The samurai would dominate Japanese government and society until the Meiji Restoration of 1868 led to the abolition of the feudal system. Despite being deprived of their traditional privileges, many of the samurai would enter the elite ranks of politics and industry in modern Japan. More importantly, the traditional samurai code of honor, discipline and morality known as bushido–or “the way of the warrior”–was revived and made the basic code of conduct for much of Japanese society. Google Early Samurai During the Heian Period (794-1185), the samurai were the armed supporters of wealthy landowners–many of whom left the imperial court to seek their own fortunes after being shut out of power by the powerful Fujiwara clan. The word “samurai” roughly translates to “those who serve.” (Another, more general word for a warrior is “bushi,” from which bushido is derived; this word lacks the connotations of service to a master.) Did You Know? The wealth of a samurai in feudal Japan was measured in terms of koku; one koku, supposed to be the amount of rice it took to feed one man for a year, was equivalent to around 180 liters. Beginning in the mid-12th century, real political power in Japan shifted gradually away from the emperor and his nobles in Kyoto to the heads of the clans on their large estates in the country. The Gempei War (1180-1185) pitted two of these great clans–the dominant Taira and the Minamoto–against each other in a struggle for control of the Japanese state. The war ended when one of the most famous samurai heroes in Japanese history, Minamoto Yoshitsune, led his clan to victory against the Taira near the village of Dan-no-ura. Rise of the Samurai & Kamakura Period The triumphant leader Minamoto Yoritomo–half-brother of Yoshitsune, whom he drove into exile–established the center of government at Kamakura. The establishment of the Kamakura Shogunate, a hereditary military dictatorship, shifted all real political power in Japan to the samurai. As Yoritomo’s authority depended on their strength, he went to great lengths to establish and define the samurai’s privileged status; no one could call himself a samurai without Yoritomo’s permission. Zen Buddhism, introduced into Japan from China around this time, held a great appeal for many samurai. Its austere and simple rituals, as well as the belief that salvation would come from within, provided an ideal philosophical background for the samurai’s own code of behavior. Also during the Kamakura period, the sword came to have a great significance in samurai culture. A man’s honor was said to reside in his sword, and the craftsmanship of swords–including carefully hammered blades, gold and silver inlay and sharkskin handgrips–became an art in itself. Japan in Chaos: the Ashikaga Shogunate The strain of defeating two Mongol invasions at the end of the 13th century weakened the Kamakura Shogunate, which fell to a rebellion led by Ashikaga Takauji. The Ashikaga Shogunate, centered in Kyoto, began around 1336. For the next two centuries, Japan was in a near-constant state of conflict between its feuding territorial clans. After the particularly divisive Onin War of 1467-77, the Ashikaga shoguns ceased to be effective, and feudal Japan lacked a strong central authority; local lords and their samurai stepped in to a greater extent to maintain law and order. Despite the political unrest, this period–known as the Muromachi after the district of that name in Kyoto–saw considerable economic expansion in Japan. It was also a golden age for Japanese art, as the samurai culture came under the growing influence of Zen Buddhism. I	1600 in European development is known by what term, initially used by Italian scholars to express the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture?... Sign up View the step-by-step solution to: 1600 in European development is known by what term, initially used by Italian scholars to express the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture?... Part 2 The period between 1450 and 1600 in European development is known by what term, initially used by Italian scholars to express the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture? The Renaissance (literally meaning rebirth) What is the main dog character called in Norton Juster's 1961 popular children's/adult-crossover book The Phantom Tollbooth? Tock Who detailed his experiences before and during World War I in Memoirs of a Foxhunting Man, and Memoirs of an Infantry Officer? Siegfried Sassoon (1886-1967) What significant law relating to literary and artistic works was first introduced in 1709? Copyright (prior to which creators had no legal means of protecting their work from being published or exploited by others) Who wrote the 1891 book Also Sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spake Zarathustra)? Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) What word, meaning 'measure' in Greek, refers to the rhythm of a line of verse? Metre (or meter) Cheap literature of the 16-18th centuries was known as 'what' books, based on the old word for the travelling traders who sold them? Chapbooks (a chapman was a travelling salesman, from the earlier term cheapman) What was Samuel Langhorne Clemens' pen-name? Mark Twain (1835-1910) Derived from Greek meaning summit or finishing touch, what word refers to the publisher's logo and historically the publisher's details at the end of the book? Colophon Japanese three-line verses called Haiku contain how many syllables? Seventeen Stanley Kubrick successfully requested the UK ban of his own film based on what Anthony Burgess book? A Clockwork Orange The ISBN (International Standard Book Number) code was increased to how many digits from 1 January 2007? Thirteen The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis asserts that people's perceptions and attitudes are affected particularly by what: book covers, book price, or words and language? Words and language (the theory applies to all media and language, in that the type of words and language read and used affects how people react to the world) What is the female term equating to a phallic symbol? Yonic symbol James Carker is a villain in which Charles Dickens novel? Dombey and Son (serialised 1846-8) What famous 1818 novel had the sub-title 'The Modern Prometheus'? Frankenstein (by Mary Shelley) Who wrote the 1947 book The Fountainhead? Ayn Rand By what name is the writer François-Marie Arouet (1694-1778) better known? Voltaire Which pioneering American poet and story-teller wrote The Fall of the House of Usher? Edgar Allen Poe (1809-49) According to Matthew 27 in the Bible what prisoner was released by Pontius Pilate instead of Jesus? Barabbas What was the 1920s arts group centred around Leonard and Virginia Woolf and the district of London which provided the group's name? The Bloomsbury Group What Japanese term (meaning 'fold' and 'book') refers to a book construction made using concertina fold, with writing/printing on one side of the paper? Orihon What were the respective family names of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet? Montague and Capulet Who wrote The Power of Positive Thinking in 1953? Norman Vincent Peale Around 100AD what type of book construction began to replace scrolls? Codex (a series of folios sewn together) What name for a lyrical work, typically 50-200 lines long, which from the Greek word for song? Ode Who wrote the 1866 book Crime and Punishment? Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-81) Who wrote the 1513 guide to leadership (titled in English) The Prince? Niccolo Machiavelli William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey are commonly referred to as the 'what' Poets? Lake Poets (from around 1800 they lived close to each other in the Lake District of England) In bookmaking, a sheet folded three times is called by what name?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,760	Which original member of the Football League plays its home games at Deepdale?	Leeds United at Preston North End: Time, TV, lineups, preview, legends old and new on show at Deepdale - Through It All Together Through It All Together Match Previews Leeds United at Preston North End: Time, TV, lineups, preview, legends old and new on show at Deepdale Steve Evans is out to win his last game (of the season?) in front of 5500 travelling fans and some familiar faces. Familiar faces among the opposition for Saturday's season finale. Carl Court/Getty Images Being a founding member of the Football League, Preston North End are one of the oldest clubs in existence and their ground, Deepdale, is one of the oldest stadiums still being used for its original purpose. Deepdale has been home to some of Football's greatest legends such as Tom Finney, Bill Shankly... and Jermaine Beckford . A Footballing Legend That's right Jermaine Beckford is one of my footballing legends. He lit up the dark days of Leeds United's League One era with his goals: he scored a total of 72 for Leeds in his 126 appearances, one of which will remain in the Whites' fans hearts for many years to come. That goal against old rivals Manchester United, knocking the Premier League side out of the FA Cup on 3 January 2010 (Remember the date?). He arrived at Preston North End from Leeds via Everton and current Premier League Champions Leicester City. Of course there's another Leeds old boy on the books at Deepdale these days, their manager Simon Grayson. Grayson dug Leeds out of the quagmire that is League One, and in 2010, took United to their highest finish (7th) in the Championship in 5 seasons, a feat that hasn't been beaten by numerous managers since. He has repeated those heroics with Preston and led them to a comfortable 11th-placed finish this season, above Leeds United. He has nothing to prove to Leeds fans, but I am sure he would like to end Preston's season on a high no matter the opposition he may face. Swan song Not being blessed by the grace of a Ballerina cavorting in a production of Swan Lake, current Leeds Manager, Steve Evans, may be about to perform his swan song. Unpredictable President Massimo Cellino is already rumoured to be lining up a replacement, and unless Leeds beat Preston by ten clear goals and Brentford lose without scoring, Evans's target of a top ten finish has not been reached. With the final curtain ready to be drawn, Evans too would like to end on a high. This game may contain goals. Leeds fans have warmed to Evans during his tenure knowing his task was never going to be easy, and they will again be traveling in large numbers to back him and their team against the Lancashire side. Evans wants to win it for the fans (and probably for himself as well). Souleymane Doukara could return to the side after his biting ban finishes, but Evans is likely to opt for one of Antenucci or Erwin as second forward to Wood. Gaetano Berardi will not feature and Lewie Coyle will cover. Carayol will also be sidelined and may not feature for the Whites again as his loan comes to an end. For Preston, John Welsh and Anders Lindegaard remain doubts. Form Leeds's last five games include 3 wins, 1 draw and 1 loss. They have scored 10 and conceded 8. Preston have won 1, drawn 2 and lost 2. Scoring only 5 goals they have conceded 6. Head-to-Head Results From 23 games at Deepdale, Preston have won 13, Leeds 6 and 4 drawn. Leeds player to watch I would like to have seen how Marco Silvestri would have coped against Beckford at his peak. However, if Beckford gets a game then it will still be an interesting dual, should Marco play. Silvestri is noted for his shot-stopping ability and may need to call on that skill Saturday. This season he has made 44 appearances and kept 8 clean sheets which is good going behind a defence who have occasionally conspired against him. Preston player to watch 23-year-old Jamaican Daniel Johnson may be one for the future but he is Preston's leading scorer this season with 9 goals. He has scored 16 goals from 62 appearances in total since joining the Lancashire club, which is good going from midfield. WHAT Preston N	Ewood Park \| Football Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Field dimensions 115 x 76 yards Ewood Park is a football stadium in the English town of Blackburn, Lancashire, and is the home of Blackburn Rovers Football Club — one of the founder members of the Football League and Premier League . Rovers have played there since they moved from Leamington Street in the summer of 1890. The stadium opened in 1882 and is an all seater multi-sports facility with a capacity of 31,367. It comprises four sections: Darwen End, Riverside Stand (named as such because it stands practically on the banks of the River Darwen), Ronnie Clayton Blackburn End, and Jack Walker Stand, which is named after Blackburn industrialist and club supporter, Jack Walker . The football pitch within the stadium measures 115 yards (105 m) x 76 yards (69 m). Ewood Park is the second oldest home to a Premier or Football League club. Stamford Bridge was constructed earlier (1876), although its current tenants did not start playing there until 1905.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,761	Which planet has a year of 687 days, a day of 24 hours 37 minutes, a diameter twice that of the moon and a mass one tenth of the earth?	Order Of the Planets From The Sun - Universe Today Universe Today Order Of the Planets From The Sun Article Updated: 31 Jan , 2016 by Nancy Atkinson First the quick facts: Our Solar System has eight “official” planets which orbit the Sun. Here are the planets listed in order of their distance from the Sun: Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , and Neptune . An easy mnemonic for remembering the order is “My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles.” If you add in the dwarf planets, Ceres is located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, while the remaining dwarf planets are in the outer Solar System and in order from the Sun are Pluto , Haumea , Makemake , and Eris . There is, as yet, a bit of indecision about the Trans-Neptunian Objects known as Orcus , Quaoar , 2007 O10 , and Sedna and their inclusion in the dwarf planet category. A mnemonic for this list would be “My Very Educated Mother Could Just Serve Us Noodles, Pie, Ham, Muffins, and Eggs” (and Steak, if Sedna is included.) You can find more tricks for remembering the order of the planets at our detailed article here. Now, let’s look at a few details including the definition of a planet and a dwarf planet, as well as details about each of the planets in our Solar System. Artistic impression of the Solar System, with all known terrestrial planets, as giants, and dwarf planets. Credit: NASA What is a planet? In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) decided on the definition of a planet. The definition states that in our Solar System, a planet is a celestial body which: is in orbit around the Sun, has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), has “cleared the neighborhood” around its orbit. is not a moon. This means that Pluto, which was considered to be the farthest planet since its discovery in 1930, now is classified as a dwarf planet. The change in the definition came after the discovery three bodies that were all similar to Pluto in terms of size and orbit, (Quaoar in 2002, Sedna in 2003, and Eris in 2005). With advances in equipment and techniques, astronomers knew that more objects like Pluto would very likely be discovered, and so the number of planets in our Solar System would start growing quickly. It soon became clear that either they all had to be called planets or Pluto and bodies like it would have to be reclassified. With much controversy then and since, Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. This also reclassified the asteroid Ceres as a dwarf planet, too, and so the first five recognized dwarf planets are Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Makemake and Haumea. Scientists believe there may be dozens more dwarf planets awaiting discovery. Later, in 2008, the IAU announced the subcategory of dwarf planets with trans-Neptunian orbits would be known as “plutoids.” Said the IAU, “Plutoids are celestial bodies in orbit around the Sun at a distance greater than that of Neptune that have sufficient mass for their self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that they assume a hydrostatic equilibrium (near-spherical) shape, and that have not cleared the neighborhood around their orbit.” This subcategory includes Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris. The Planets in our Solar System: Having covered the basics of definition and classification, let’s get talking about those celestial bodies in our Solar System that are still classified as planets (sorry Pluto!). Here is a brief look at the eight planets in our Solar System. Included are quick facts and links so you can find out more about each planet. Mercury: Mercury is the closest planet to our Sun, at just 58 million km (36 million miles) or 0.39 Astronomical Unit (AU) out. But despite its reputation for being sun-baked and molten, it is not the hottest planet in our Solar System (scroll down to find out who that dubious honor goes go!) Mercury, as imaged by the MESSENGER spacecraft, revealing parts of the never seen by human eyes. Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington Me	What Are The Diameters of the Planets? - Universe Today Universe Today What Are The Diameters of the Planets? Article Updated: 1 Jul , 2016 by Matt Williams The planets of our Solar System vary considerably in size and shape. Some planets are small enough that they are comparable in diameter to some of our larger moons – i.e. Mercury is smaller than Jupiter’s moon Ganymede and Saturn’s moon Titan . Meanwhile, others like Jupiter are so big that they are larger in diameter than most of the others combined. In addition, some planets are wider at the equator than they are at the poles. This is due to a combination of the planets composition and their rotational speed. As a result, some planets are almost perfectly spherical while others are oblate spheroids (i.e. experience some flattening at the poles). Let us examine them one by one, shall we? Mercury: With a diameter of 4,879 km (3031.67 mi), Mercury is the smallest planet in our Solar System. In fact, Mercury is not much larger than Earth’s own Moon – which has a diameter of 3,474 km (2158.64 mi). At 5,268 km (3,273 mi) in diameter, Jupiter’s moon of Ganymede is also larger, as is Saturn’s moon Titan – which is 5,152 km (3201.34 mi) in diameter. Mercury, as imaged by the MESSENGER spacecraft, revealing parts of the never seen by human eyes. Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington As with the other planets in the inner Solar System (Venus, Earth, and Mars), Mercury is a terrestrial planet , which means it is composed primarily of metals and silicate rocks that are differentiated into an iron-rich core and a silicate mantle and crust. Also, due to the fact that Mercury has a very slow sidereal rotational period, taking 58.646 days to complete a single rotation on its axis, Mercury experiences no flattening at the poles. This means that the planet is almost a perfect sphere and has the same diameter whether it is measured from pole to pole or around its equator. Venus: Venus is often referred to as Earth’s “ sister planet “, and not without good reason. At 12,104 km (7521 mi) in diameter, it is almost the same size as Earth. But unlike Earth, Venus experiences no flattening at the poles, which means that it almost perfectly circular. As with Mercury, this is due to Venus’ slow sidereal rotation period, taking 243.025 days to rotate once on its axis. The planet Venus, as imaged by the Magellan 10 mission. Credit: NASA/JPL Earth: With a mean diameter of 12,756 km (7926 mi), Earth is the largest terrestrial planet in the Solar System and the fifth largest planet overall. However, due to flattening at its poles (0.00335), Earth is not a perfect sphere, but an oblate spheroid. As a result, its polar diameter differs from its equatorial diameter, but only by about 41 km (25.5 mi) In short, Earth measures 12713.6 km (7900 mi) in diameter from pole to pole, and 12756.2 km (7926.3 mi) around its equator. Once again, this is due to Earth’s sidereal rotational period, which takes a relatively short 23 hours, 58 minutes and 4.1 seconds to complete a single rotation on its axis. Mars: Mars is often referred to as “Earth’s twin”; and again, for good reason. Like Earth, Mars experiences flattening at its poles (0.00589), which is due to its relatively rapid sidereal rotational period (24 hours, 37 minutes and 22 seconds, or 1.025957 Earth days). As a result, it experiences a bulge at its equator which leads to a variation of 40 km (25 mi) between its polar radius and equatorial radius. This works out to Mars having a mean diameter of 6779 km (4212.275 mi), varying between 6752.4 km (4195.75 mi) between its poles and 6792.4 km (4220.6 mi) at its equator. Mosaic of the Valles Marineris hemisphere of Mars, similar to what one would see from orbital distance of 2500 km. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Jupiter: Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System, measuring some 142,984 km (88,846 mi) in diameter. Again, this its mean diameter, since Jupiter experiences some rather significant flattening at the poles (0.06487). This is due t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,762	'London Pride' and 'Chiswick Bitter' are beers from which brewery?	Feel at Home with Our 84 Years Young Chiswick Bitter - Fuller's Award winning sessionable ale Find home comfort in Chiswick Bitter Named after the part of London we call home, Chiswick Bitter is well and truly part of the Fuller’s furniture. It’s a flowery, fresh, famous bitter that’s been in our pubs since 1930 – because when you love something, you should never let it go. Where to find it: Find Internationally A capital classic Refreshing and eminently drinkable at just 3.5% ABV, Chiswick Bitter is a popular pint ingrained in London’s history. All those years after its launch, the dry, hoppy ale is still brewed right here in the capital – and it tastes better than ever. That’s because we’ve refined the brewing process so the pour settles more quickly, making for a cleaner, fresher taste – and a shorter wait before you joyously raise the pint glass to your lips. Brewer's Notes Extra hops added to the cask give Chiswick Bitter a distinctive hoppy aroma and a lasting bitterness in the finish. There’s crispness on the palate while notes of biscuity malt perfectly complement the hops. Brewed to a low ABV, Chiswick Bitter is the ideal companion to lunchtime dishes. Bottle/Keg: 3.5% CAMRA South West London Silver, 2010 CAMRA 1989	Olthwaite: BEER Olthwaite Boozers, Bands and Buildings. Comedy, Films and Trains. Rugby, pies and moans. Tuesday, December 02, 2014 BEER DUNHAM GOOD Some breweries never let you down, no matter whether their beers are light or dark. strong or session - and Dunham Massey is one of them. So it's great DM's getting national recognition after winning Camra's Supreme Champion Winter Beer of Britain title at the Winter Beer Festival in Derby for their 5.2pc porter. Cairngorm Black Gold won silver and Exe Valley Winter Glow bronze. Marble's Stouter Stout got bronze in the stout category. Congratulations to Elland Brewery. Its 1872 Porter has been crowned the Best Beer in Britain at the Camra Great British Beer Festival. Interesting to see in these crafty hoppy times, an 'old school beer' winner. It's superb. Another cracker, Saltaire's Triple Chocolate, was runner-up in the speciality beers category. The lovely Great Orme's Welsh Black was best mild HUDDERSFIELD BEERS ARE BEST IN THE WORLD! Congratulations to Magic Rock and Summer Wine breweries whose beers have been included in a list of the best 350 beers in the world. They are featured in Craft Beer World, a handsome, informative and interesting book by award winning blogger Mark Dredge. Huddersfield's Magic Rock actually has two entries - Magic 8 Ball, a black IPA, and High Wire, a West Coast pale ale, while Holmfirth's Summer Wine has Cohort, a double black Belgian Rye pale ale. The 350 beers are divided into 53 categories, from the familiar mild and bitter to categories such as Belgian Quadrupel and Flemish Bruin. About a third of the beers in the list are from the US, with 40 from Britain including familiar names from The Grove, in Hudds, such as Thornbridge, Fullers, Brewdog, Moor and Buxton. Dredge defines craft beer as 'a knowing, thoughtful way of brewing which is concerned with flavour, variety, ingredients and story', so it's not just about microbreweries and keg beers - cask, bottles, cans and beers by the biggest breweries are featured. It's a good definition as keg has moved far beyond Watneys Red Barrel and some cask and bottle conditioned beers do disappoint. For me, it's hard to keep up with Yorkshire beers, never mind all the interesting looking bottles from abroad in the book. Dredge has a fascinating insight into beers from Iceland, Brazil, New Zealand, Belgium, Germany and many other countries, but I sometimes wonder that in a desire to move beyond and set themselves apart from Camra, beer lovers like Dredge are too eager to embrace American pale and hoppy beers. Dredge says Magic Rock went from 'nought to brilliant in no time' and indeed they've made an incredible impact. I feel dreadfully disloyal because Magic Rock is literally at the end of my road but I find their US-style beers almost undrinkably bitter. A 'tribute' to Lance. Tee-hee Rat Brewery! HURRAH FOR ELLAND Congratulations to the fantastic Elland brewery for winning CAMRA's Supreme Champion Winter Beer of Britain award with their 1872 Porter. In an age of whippersnapper new breweries harping on about hops on their fancy websites, it's good to see an 'old school' brewery with consistently high standards geting recognition. Oct 12: Well, the Huddersfield Beer Festival is here again - it doesn't seem like a year since I was behind the bar at the last one. I can't make it this year but it's always a good do and seems to have found a decent venue - roomy, good bar and plenty of seats (yes, I am old and I like a sit down). Oh - there's a good range of beers, well-kept. BEER OF THE YEAR Aug 12: Congratulations to Coniston for winning best beer in Britain with its No9 Barley Wine, an 8.5% that supposedly tastes like 'a cognac'. Good to see Rudgate Ruby Mild, Hobsons Mild and Purple Moose in the best category lists. Full results: Gold- Coniston, No.9 Barley Wine (from Coniston, Cumbria) Silver- Green Jack, Trawlerboys Best Bitter (from Lowestoft, Suffolk) Bronze- Dark Star, American Pale Ale (from Horsham, West Sussex) Mild category- Gold- Rudgate, Ruby Mild (from York, North Yorkshire) Silver- Hobso	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,763	Which actor bought the island of Tetiaroa?	Eco-Resort to Open on Marlon Brando's Tahitian Island \| Pret-a-Reporter Eco-Resort to Open on Marlon Brando's Tahitian Island 10:00 AM PDT 7/26/2012 by Degen Pener COMMENTS Marlon Brando's Island The actor bought the island three years after shooting 1962's "Mutiny on the Bounty" in the South Pacific country but never returned after a family tragedy. This story first appeared in the August 3 issue of The Hollywood Reporter magazine. Beginning in late 2013, visitors to Tahiti can loll about on Marlon Brando's former private island when a luxury eco-resort called The Brando opens there. The late actor fell in love with the South Pacific country -- and his third wife, French Polynesian actress Tarita Teriipia -- after shooting 1962's Mutiny on the Bounty there. STORY: Who in Hollywood Owns a Private Island Three years later, he purchased a 12-island atoll called Tetiaroa 20 miles north of the main island of Tahiti that would prove to be a sanctuary for him for three decades. He and Teriipia even opened a hotel on one of the islands. But after tragedy struck in 1990 when his son Christian killed Dag Drollet, the boyfriend of Brando's daughter Cheyenne (who five years later committed suicide in Tahiti), Brando never returned to his beloved spot. And when Brando died in 2004, his executors, who included producer Mike Medavoy, gave permission to build a hotel to a Tahitian developer, Richard Bailey, who had discussed creating an eco-sensitive resort on Tetiaroa with Brando. It's not been without controversy. When it was first announced in the mid-2000s, some friends of Brando's decried the project as something he would never have wanted. STORY: Marlon Brando Estate Settles Lawsuit With Harley-Davidson Over 'Brando' Boots Nonetheless, it was approved by his heirs, who sold an initial interest in the atoll to Bailey for $2 million and will profit from yearly rent and a cut of proceeds. The goal of the resort is that its energy needs be 100 percent renewable (via solar, deep ocean-water cooling and coconut oil biofuel) and that the 35 villas be set back from the beach -- not situated over the water -- in accordance with the star's wishes.	1996 Academy Awards® Winners and History Shine (1996, Australia/UK) Actor: GEOFFREY RUSH in "Shine", Tom Cruise in "Jerry Maguire", Ralph Fiennes in "The English Patient", Woody Harrelson in "The People vs. Larry Flynt", Billy Bob Thornton in "Sling Blade" Actress: FRANCES MCDORMAND in "Fargo" , Brenda Blethyn in "Secrets & Lies", Diane Keaton in "Marvin's Room", Kristin Scott Thomas in "The English Patient", Emily Watson in "Breaking the Waves" Supporting Actor: CUBA GOODING, JR. in "Jerry Maguire", William H. Macy in "Fargo" , Armin Mueller-Stahl in "Shine", Edward Norton in "Primal Fear", James Woods in "Ghosts of Mississippi" Supporting Actress: JULIETTE BINOCHE in "The English Patient", Joan Allen in "The Crucible", Lauren Bacall in "The Mirror Has Two Faces", Barbara Hershey in "Portrait of a Lady", Marianne Jean-Baptiste in "Secrets & Lies" Director: ANTHONY MINGHELLA for "The English Patient", Joel Coen for "Fargo" , Milos Forman for "The People vs. Larry Flynt", Scott Hicks for "Shine", Mike Leigh for "Secrets & Lies" In the 1996 awards race, four of the five Best Picture nominees were from independent studios - and financed outside of mainstream Hollywood. 1996 was therefore dubbed "The Year of the Independents," plus films from abroad. For the first time in Oscar history, none of the major Hollywood studios (including Paramount, MGM, Warner Bros., UA, Fox, Columbia, Universal, or Disney's Buena Vista) were represented among the Best Picture-nominated films for 1996. All the pictures nominated for Best Picture were low-budget, independent films - with the sole exception possibly being Tri-Star's Jerry Maguire, the closest nominee to a major, mainstream Hollywood studio. [The surge for independent films wouldn't last long - in 1997, the big-studio, big-budget Titanic (1997) swept the Oscars.] The big winner of the year was writer/director Anthony Minghella's The English Patient (a Saul Zaentz/Miramax film). [20th Century Fox studios dropped its support during pre-production, letting it go to the independent Miramax.] It was a prestigious, three hour long World War II saga/romance composed of flashbacks, conspiracies, and ambiguities and based on an adaptation of Michael Ondaatje's novel, about a French-Canadian nurse who cares for a mysterious, dying burn patient ('The English Patient') in a ruined, abandoned monastery in Italy's Tuscany, after he was wounded in a WWII plane crash in the African desert. It had twelve nominations and nine Oscar wins - Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actress, Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Sound, Best Original Dramatic Score, Best Costume Design, and Best Film Editing. It lost its nominations for Best Adapted Screenplay (Minghella), Best Actor (Fiennes) and Best Actress (Scott Thomas). Its nine Oscar wins made it the third most-awarded film in Academy history - and tied it with two other films with nine wins: Gigi (1958), and The Last Emperor (1987). Previously, only two other films had more wins: Ben-Hur (1959) (with eleven). With its Best Picture win for the expensively-made film, producer Saul Zaentz became a multiple Oscar-winning producer over a span of twenty years with over twenty Oscars for	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,764	What is the surname of the singer Adele ?	Adele - Biography - IMDb Biography Jump to: Overview (3) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Trade Mark (5) \| Trivia (44) \| Personal Quotes (14) Overview (3) 5' 9" (1.75 m) Mini Bio (1) Adele was born on May 5, 1988 in Tottenham, London, England as Adele Laurie Blue Adkins. Trade Mark (5) Unfiltered profanities during her performances Titles albums after the age she was when it was written. 19, 21, 25, etc. Her power ballads First winner of the Brit Awards Critics' Choice (2008). Resides with her mother in South London. Is influenced by the music of Etta James and Ella Fitzgerald . Graduated from BRIT School (2006). English soul and jazz singer. Underwent throat surgery for a hemorrhaged vocal cord on November 7, 2011. Named as the "Artist of the Year" for 2011 by Billboard. Made Billboard history by becoming the first female singer to top the artist, album and singles list in the same year (2011). In the 2011 Billboard poll, Adele was voted for the Favourite Hot 100 No. 1 song (Rolling in the Deep) and Favourite Billboard 200 No. 1 for her album "21". Is good friends with EastEnders (1985) actor Sid Owen . Voted #92 on Ask men's Top 99 'most desirable' woman of 2012 list. Won 6 awards at the 2012 Grammy Awards, including: Record of the Year for her album "21", Album of the Year for "21", Song of the Year for "Rolling in the Deep", Best Solo Performance for "Someone Like You", Best Pop Vocal Album for "21", and Best Short Form Music Video for "Rolling in the Deep". Has a miniature dachshund. Suffers from a fear of flying and sailing. Ranked #20 of the "60 Richest Young People" in the UK's The Sunday Times Rich List (2012) with earnings of £20m/$30. Owns a selection of wigs for which she has pet names such as, "June" (after June Carter Cash ), "Jackie" (after Jackie Collins ), etc. Prior to hitting the big time as a singer, Adele once lived in a 1BR flat directly above the bookstore run by Hugh Grant in the movie Notting Hill (1999). Even after making a victorious splash at the 51st Grammy Awards (8 Feb. 2009), the singer surprised everybody when she took a job at the London-based "Rough Trade" record store as a personal exercise in learning about the basics of the music industry and getting an insider's view of the up-and-coming talent. Adele's victorious performance at the 54th Grammy Awards (12 February 2012) was the first time she'd sung in public since her throat surgery in Boston (Nov. 2011) where renowned throat surgeon Dr. Steven Zeitels performed the successful operation. She and Beyoncé Knowles are avid mutual fans. First British female artist to reach the 10 million records sales mark in the U.S. with her album "21". The album is also the first to top the list two years in a row (2011 & 2012) since Michael Jackson 's "Thriller" in 1983 and 1984. [November 2012] Won her first 2 Grammies at the 2009 ceremony, for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for the single "Chasing Pavements" from her freshman album, 19. Has been in a relationship with Simon Konecki since 2011 and they have one son together. Gave birth to her 1st child at age 24, a son Angelo James Konecki on October 19, 2012. Child's father is her boyfriend, Simon Konecki. Has a younger paternal half-brother, Cameron Evans. Her father, Mark Evans, walked out on Adele and her mother when she was 3-years-old. She saw him every weekend until 1999, not seeing him again until 2003. They became estranged again in 2011 after Evans sold a story about his daughter to the press. Was 8 months pregnant with her son Angelo when she recorded the titular theme song of the film, Skyfall (2012). Returned to work 4 months after giving birth to her son Angelo in order to perform at The 85th Annual Academy Awards (2013). One of Time Magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the World (2012). She was awarded the MBE (Member of the Order of the British Empire) in the 2013 Queen's Birthday Honours List for her services to Music. She is a singer and songwriter. London, England: singer [June 2013] Good friends with Ayda Field . Adele's album "25" sold over 800K copies in the	Steven Tyler store \| aerosmith.com \| janiesfund.org Steven Tyler (born Steven Victor Tallarico; March 26, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and former television music competition judge, best known as the lead singer of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith, in which he also plays the harmonica, and occasional piano and percussion. He is known as the "Demon of Screamin'"[1] due to his high screams and his wide vocal range. He is also known for his on-stage acrobatics. During his high-energy performances, Tyler usually dresses in bright, colorful outfits with his trademark scarves hanging from his microphone stand. In the 1970s, Tyler rose to prominence as the lead singer of Aerosmith, which released such milestone hard rock albums as Toys in the Attic and Rocks, along with a string of hit singles, including "Dream On", "Sweet Emotion", and "Walk This Way". In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Tyler had a heavy drug and alcohol addiction, and the band's popularity waned. Tyler and bandmate Joe Perry became known as the "Toxic Twins" due to their drug abuse. In 1986, Tyler completed drug rehabilitation and Aerosmith rose to prominence again when Tyler and Perry joined Run–D.M.C. for a re-make of the classic Aerosmith song "Walk This Way", which became a Top 5 hit. Aerosmith subsequently launched a remarkable comeback with the multi-platinum albums Permanent Vacation, Pump, Get a Grip, and Nine Lives, which produced a combined thirteen Top 40 singles and won the band numerous awards. During this time, the band embarked on their longest and most extensive concert tours, promoted their singles with conceptual music videos, and made notable appearances in television, film, and video games. In the wake of this success, Tyler emerged as one of the most enduring rock icons. Since the late 1980s, he has embarked on several solo endeavors including guest appearances on other artists' music (working with artists as diverse as Alice Cooper, Mötley Crüe, Santana, Pink, and Keith Anderson), film and TV roles (including as a judge on American Idol and several cameo and guest appearances in other programs and films), authoring a bestselling book, and solo work (including the Top 40 hit single "(It) Feels So Good" in 2011). While tension with his Aerosmith bandmates boiled in 2009 and 2010 after he fell off the stage at a concert, had a relapse with prescription drugs (which he successfully received treatment for in 2009),[2] and signed on to American Idol without telling his bandmates, Tyler has continued to record music and perform with Aerosmith, after more than 45 years in the band. In May 2015, Tyler released the country single "Love Is Your Name", followed by the second single "Red, White & You" in January 2016; his debut solo album is expected to be released in 2016. Tyler is included among Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Singers.[3] He was ranked 3rd on Hit Parader's Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time. In 2001, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Aerosmith, and in 2013, Tyler and his songwriting partner Joe Perry received the ASCAP Founders Award and were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,765	"Who founded the modern republic of Turkey and, in 1934, took a name meaning ""Father of the Turks""?"	Mustafa Kemal ATATURK - Turkish Republic Ataturk and the Modernization of Turkey Ataturk is the national hero of Turkey. He founded the modern Turkish Republic out of the ashes of the Ottoman Empire; an empire that was seen as the sick man of Europe at the turn of the century. His modern perspective created a new nation and a country, and a secular state understanding different from most other Islamic countries was introduced by him. Once you step in Turkey, you will see his statues and the busts all over. One of the best books written about Ataturk from a foreigner's point of view is the book titled " The Rebirth of a Nation" by Lord Kinross. He was born in the year 1881 in Thessaloniki, at that time, within the Ottoman Empire's borders at that time, in Greece at present . His full name was Mustafa Kemal and the Ataturk surname, meaning the father of Turks, was given to him by the Turkish people (1934 November 24th.) in accordance with the reforms he introduced to create a modern Turkish country. His background was military, and he served in various posts in the Ottoman army. During the First World War , he was the colonel in charge of Infantry at Gallipoli in 1915 and it was his genious defense tactics that prevented the allied forces ( British, French, Anzacs - Australians and New Zealenders and Senegalese) from capturing the Dardanelles and eventually Bosphorus. His success and fast growing reputation disturbed the capital and to keep him under control he was promoted to Pasha ( General ). When the War ended the armies of the allied forces occupied nearly all corners of the country including Istanbul . Sultan and many of the people saw a hopeful future in the acceptance of either the British or American mandate. Ataturk, however, had a very different vision. He left Istanbul in a small boat, namely Bandirma ( a nice model of the boat may be seen at the Ataturk Museum in Ataturk's Mausoleum, Ankara), going ashore at Samsun, a coastal town in the Black Sea, on the 19th. of May 1919 ( a date later to be presented by Ataturk to the Turkish Youth as the Turkish Youth Day), the day the War of Independence began. He wanted Independence. First with skirmishes , in time with proper army troops, Ataturk and his army friends' armies started fighting the enemy. Ankara was chosen to be Ataturk's headquarter for its central location and the seeds of a new country were planted there. He and his friends wanted to replace the Monarchy with a Republic. The War of Independence took some three years and by the end of the year 1922, all of the invaders had left the country. The Ottoman Sultan fled in a British boat. The birth of a new nation had begun. Ataturk's Revolutions The Sultanete was abolished in 1922, November 1st. The Republic was declared in 1923, October 29th. The Caliphship was abolished in 1924, March 3rd. Social Reformations The hat as opposed to fez was introduced. (1925) The activities of religious sects were banned by law. ( 1925) Western calender was introduced. ( 1925) International numeric system was introduced. ( 1928) The Metric system was introduced. ( 1931) The nicknames and personal titles were abolished. ( 1934) Religious attire was prohibited in public ( 1934). According to this law, religious personalities, irrespective of the religious groups they belong were not to wear religious attire in public but only in their sanctuaries. The surname law.( 1934) The modern secular system of jurisprudence is instead of religious law is integrated.( 1926) The liberation of the women of Turkey by giving them political and social rights. a) Rights brought with medeni kanun ( 1926) b) Rights for women to be elected for the parliment Educational and Cultural Reformations Introduction and the acceptance of the Roman alphabeth. ( 1928 ) The foundation of Turkish History Institution The foundation of Turkish Language Institution The Principles of Ataturk ( Kemalism) The doctrines of Ataturk	The Many Historical Names of Istanbul « Turkey Travel Guide « I was in Turkey photo by gribbly With a transient past of ownership and religions, it’s no surprise the city of Istanbul has a chronicle of names. Trace the history of Istanbul’s names as it changed from the hands of Byzantines to Latin Crusaders, from Ottomans to Turks. Byzantium Pagan roots are attributed to the first recognized settlement of Istanbul’s historical peninsula. As legend goes, King Byzas of the Greek Dorian city-state Megara was instructed by the Delphi oracle of Apollo to settle opposite the ‘land of the blind’. He embarked on his destiny’s quest until stumbling on a highly strategic location between the Golden Horn, Bosphorus and Marmara Sea. With no previous settlers to contest ownership, Byzas considered them blind to bypass such a strategic location. Byzantium was established on that very spot in 7th Century BC, named in honor of the king. Constantinople The new transformation of Byzantium into a city worthy of capital status earned Constantine immortality by name. The city became known as Constantinopolis or Constantinople , meaning the “City of Constantine”, and was the capital of the Roman Empire also known as the Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire. Although Constantine’s preferred the name, Nea Roma (New Rome), it never caught local popularity. It remained the official name of the city throughout the Byzantine period, and was also commonly used by the west until up until the creation of the Republic of Turkey. Kostantiniyye This started as simply the Arabic calqued word for Constantinople that held a familiar association to the city in the Islamic world. However, once the Ottomans took hold of the city in 1453, Kostantiniyye was used as the highest, formal official name of the city in Ottoman Turkish. It was sporadically used until the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1923, but holds its place in history as it appeared as the official name on coinage in the 17th and 19th centuries. The City An indication of pride, the Byzantines had several references for their great city, not least modest being ‘Queen of Cities’. Following a need to shorten names, it simply became referred to as ‘The City’, which is still used in Greek and Armenian slang. The Greek translation of city ‘polis’ also laid the foundation of its latter Turkish name Istanbul, meaning ‘in the city’. Latin Empire The Fourth Crusades finally won victory over the Byzantine Empire and laid their claim by renaming the city once again. This feudal Crusader state was established as the Latin Empire in 1204, however it was short-lived as the weakened Byzantine Empire claimed the city back in 1261. Islambol This adaptation of Istanbul’s name was a reference to the importance of the city’s role as the capital of the Islamic Ottoman Empire, referring to ‘lots of Islam’. It came into being after Sultan Mehmed II conquered the city, whom allegedly invented the word himself. It also appeared on coinage and was officially used during the 17th and 18th centuries. Istanbul Finally, Istanbul was cemented after the formation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. However, it took a while before the city’s previous names became obsolete. To enforce the new name, all postages stating any other name were promptly returned to the sender after the 1930s. The name was not new, however, but rather a name used in common language before and during the Ottoman Empire. Etymologically, the name “İstanbul” can be translated to ‘in the city’. Meet the author	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,766	What type of clouds are white, puffy, and often referred to as fair weather clouds?	Weather Wiz Kids weather information for kids Contrails Cirrus Clouds Cirrus clouds are the most common of the high clouds. They are composed of ice and are thin, wispy clouds blown in high winds into long streamers. Cirrus clouds are usually white and predict fair to pleasant weather. By watching the movement of cirrus clouds you can tell from which direction weather is approaching. When you see cirrus clouds, it usually indicates that a change in the weather will occur within 24 hours. Cirrostratus clouds are thin, sheetlike high clouds that often cover the entire sky. They are so thin that the sun and moon can be seen through them. Cirrostratus clouds usually come 12-24 hours before a rain or snow storm. Cirrocumulus clouds appear as small, rounded white puffs that appear in long rows. The small ripples in the cirrocumulus clouds sometime resemble the scales of a fish. Cirrocumulus clouds are usually seen in the winter and indicate fair, but cold weather. In tropical regions, they may indicate an approaching hurricane. "Alto" Clouds Altostratus clouds are gray or blue-gray mid level clouds composed of ice crystals and water droplets. The clouds usually cover the entire sky. In the thinner areas of the clouds, the sun may be dimly visible as a round disk. Altostratus clouds often form ahead of storms with continuous rain or snow. Altocumulus clouds are mid level clouds that are made of water droplets and appear as gray puffy masses. They usually form in groups. If you see altocumulus clouds on a warm, sticky morning, be prepared to see thunderstorms late in the afternoon. Stratus Clouds Stratus clouds are uniform grayish clouds that often cover the entire sky. They resemble fog that doesn't reach the ground. Light mist or drizzle sometimes falls out of these clouds. Stratocumulus clouds are low, puffy and gray. Most form in rows with blue sky visible in between them. Rain rarely occurs with stratocumulus clouds, however, they can turn into nimbostratus clouds. Nimbostratus clouds form a dark gray, wet looking cloudy layer associated with continuously falling rain or snow. They often produce precipitation that is usually light to moderate. Cumulus Clouds Cumulus clouds are white, puffy clouds that look like pieces of floating cotton. Cumulus clouds are often called "fair-weather clouds". The base of each cloud is flat and the top of each cloud has rounded towers. When the top of the cumulus clouds resemble the head of a cauliflower, it is called cumulus congestus or towering cumulus. These clouds grow upward and they can develop into giant cumulonimbus clouds, which are thunderstorm clouds. Cumulonimbus clouds are thunderstorm clouds. High winds can flatten the top of the cloud into an anvil-like shape. Cumulonimbus clouds are associated with heavy rain, snow, hail, lightning and even tornadoes. The anvil usually points in the direction the storm is moving. Special Clouds Mammatus clouds are low hanging bulges that droop from cumulonimbus clouds. Mammatus clouds are usually associated with severe weather. Lenticular clouds are caused by a wave wind pattern created by the mountains. They look like discs or flying saucers that form near mountains. Fog is a cloud on the ground. It is composed of billions of tiny water droplets floating in the air. Fog exists if the atmospheric visibility near the Earth's surface is reduced to 1 kilometer or less. Contrails are condensation trails left behind jet aircrafts. Contrails form when hot humid air from jet exhaust mixes with environmental air of low vapor pressure and low temperature. The mixing is a result of turbulence generated by the engine exhaust. Fractus clouds are small, ragged cloud fragments that are usually found under an ambient cloud base. They form or have broken off from a larger cloud, and are generally sheared by strong winds, giving them a jagged, shredded ap	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,767	Who was captain of the England men's cricket team during the 2015 One Day International World Cup?	ICC Cricket World Cup squads revealed \| cricket.com.au ICC Cricket World Cup squads revealed 08 January 2015 Veteran spinner Daniel Vettori will play in his fourth ICC Cricket World Cup next month // Getty Images Laura Jolly @JollyLauz18 Final 15-man teams for 2015 championship begin to be unveiled With little more than one month remaining until the start of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2015, teams have released their final squads for the tournament. England were the first to reveal the 15 men before who will carry their hopes into the tournament, which will be played across Australia and New Zealand from February 14. Here are the final squads for the 14 competing nations: Clarke to captain at World Cup Australia has announced the 15-man squad that will be seeking to win the nation's fifth ICC Cricket World Cup when the tournament gets underway in Melbourne in February, with Michael Clarke named to skipper the side as he continues his recovery from hamstring surgery. The same squad will contest the Carlton Mid ODI Tri Series against England and India, which starts on Friday with the first ODI between Australia and England in Sydney. Squad announcement: Clarke named, Harris left out Injured skipper Clarke was named in a squad that did not feature too many drastic changes from the squad that took on - and beat - South Africa in an ODI series in Australia in November. Australia first won the World Cup in 1987 before winning three consecutive trophies in 1999, 2003 and 2007. India won the last World Cup in 2011. Australia: Michael Clarke (c), George Bailey (v), Pat Cummins, Xavier Doherty, James Faulkner, Aaron Finch, Brad Haddin, Josh Hazlewood, Mitchell Johnson, Mitchell Marsh, Glenn Maxwell, Steve smith, Mitchell Starc, David Warner, Shane Watson. Bravo, Pollard miss out Allrounders Dwayne Bravo and Kieron Pollard have missed out on 2015 ICC World Cup selection, with young quick Jason Holder named captain. Fresh off stints in the KFC T20 Big Bash League, the pair were expected to miss the remainder of the tournament due to international duties. Bravo and Pollard’s involvement in the remainder of BBL\|04 is yet to be confirmed. “I believe we have selected a very good team which will do West Indies proud at the World Cup,” Chairman of Selectors Clive Lloyd said. “We have a good mixture of some good seasoned players and some good youngsters who will fly the West Indies flag in Australia and New Zealand. “If they play to their potential I am quite sure we will do very well. “I have really high hopes in this team – I believe they can do something special. “We have the talent and if we can play to our potential we have a very good chance of lifting that trophy. West Indies: Jason Holder (captain), Marlon Samuels (vice-captain), Sulieman Benn, Darren Bravo, Jonathan Carter, Sheldon Cottrell, Christopher Gayle, Sunil Narine, Denesh Ramdin, Kemar Roach, Andre Russell, Darren Sammy, Lendl Simmons, Dwayne Smith, Jerome Taylor. Vettori back for a fourth Cup Veteran spinner Daniel Vettori, who played just three one-day internationals between the 2011 World Cup and October 2014, has been named in New Zealand's 15-man squad. He is joined by veteran allrounder Grant Elliot, who last played an ODI in November 2013, in a Blackcaps squad which included few surprises. Young allrounder Jimmy Neesham and paceman Matt Henry have missed out, while quick Adam Milne - who clocked up deliveries in excess of 150km/h against Pakistan - won the battle for the final bowling spot. Coach Mike Hesson said there were some difficult decisions but he was pleased with the 15 chosen. “A lot of bowlers have performed brilliantly for us over the past couple of seasons, which certainly made it difficult, but we think we have the right mix," Hesson said. “Our batting unit has good depth and Grant’s inclusion assures us strong cover in the middle order. He brings a lot of experience and his record in New Zealand and Australia conditions is excellent. New Zealand: Brendon McCullum, Corey Anderson, Trent Boult, Grant Elliott, Martin Guptill, Tom Latham, Mitchell McCle	Sports Sports With which sport would you most associate the commentator Ted Lowe? The 'Green Jacket' is presented to the winner of which sporting event? From what bridge does the Oxford/Cambridge boat race start? In which Olympics did Steve Redgrave win his first Olympic gold medal? In what sport do players take long and short corners? By what name is Edson Arantes do Nascimento better known? For half a mark each, give the nationality and the team (2003) of Fernando Alonso, the youngest-ever grand prix winner? What is the 'perfect score' in a game of Ten Pin Bowling? Which current premier league football team had an obsolete nickname of the Glaziers? What is the name of the new Leicester Football club stadium? What is the highest-achieveable break in snooker?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,768	Which intermittent wars between 1793 and 1815 included the battles of 'Aspern' and 'Austerlitz'?	Napoleonic Wars \| Military Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia 2nd Java The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of wars between Napoleon's French Empire and opposing coalitions. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly owing to the application of modern mass conscription . French power rose quickly as Napoleon's armies conquered much of Europe but collapsed rapidly after France's disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812 . Napoleon's empire ultimately suffered complete military defeat resulting in the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in France and the creation of the Concert of Europe . Despite a final victory against Napoleon, five of seven coalitions saw defeat at the hands of France. France defeated the first and second coalitions during the French Revolutionary Wars , the third (notably at Austerlitz ), the fourth (notably at Jena , Eylau , and Friedland ) and the fifth coalition (notably at Wagram ) under the leadership of Napoleon. These great victories gave the French Army a sense of invulnerability, especially when it approached Moscow. But after the retreat from Russia, in spite of incomplete victories, France was defeated by the sixth coalition at Leipzig , in the Peninsular War at Vitoria and at the hands of the seventh coalition at Waterloo . The wars resulted in the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and sowed the seeds of nascent nationalism in Germany and Italy that would lead to the two nations' respective consolidations later in the century. Meanwhile, the global Spanish Empire began to unravel as French occupation of Spain weakened Spain's hold over its colonies, providing an opening for nationalist revolutions in Spanish America . As a direct result of the Napoleonic wars, the British Empire became the foremost world power for the next century, [1] thus beginning Pax Britannica . No consensus exists as to when the French Revolutionary Wars ended and the Napoleonic Wars began. An early candidate is 9 November 1799, the date of Bonaparte's coup seizing power in France . However, 18 May 1803 is the most commonly used date, as this was when a renewed declaration of war between Britain and France (resulting from the collapse of the Treaty of Amiens ) ended a one-year-old peace that was the only period of general peace in Europe between 1792 and 1814. Most actual fighting ceased following Napoleon's final defeat at Waterloo on 18 June 1815, although skirmishing continued as late as 3 July 1815 at the Battle of Issy . The Second Treaty of Paris officially ended the wars on 20 November 1815. Contents Main articles: French Revolution , French Revolutionary Wars , War of the First Coalition , and War of the Second Coalition The French Revolution of 1789 had a significant impact throughout Europe, which only increased with the arrest and eventual execution of King Louis XVI of France . The first attempt to crush the French Republic came in 1793 when Austria , the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of Naples, Prussia , Spain and the Kingdom of Great Britain formed the First Coalition . French measures, including general conscription ( levée en masse ), military reform, and total war , contributed to the defeat of the First Coalition, despite the civil war occurring in France . The war ended when General Napoleon Bonaparte forced the Austrians to accept his terms in the Treaty of Campo Formio . Only Great Britain remained opposed to the French Republic. The Second Coalition was formed in 1798 by Austria, Great Britain, the Kingdom of Naples, the Ottoman Empire , the Papal States, Portugal, Russia , Sweden and other states. During the War of the Second Coalition, the French Republic suffered from corruption and internal division under the Directory (five Directeurs holding executive power). France also lacked funds, and no longer had the services of Lazare Carnot , the war minister who had guided it to successive victories following extensive reforms during the early 1790s. Bonaparte, the main architec	1511st (2) by Mike Hall (page 23) - issuu issuu IN THE KNOW INTERACTIVE Trivia Quiz If you think you’ve got what it takes to beat our monthly brain buster, take our quiz and prove your intellectual talents! 1 What code name was given to Nazi Germany's plan to invade Britain during the Second World War? 11 12 Which country only switched to the modern Gregorian Calendar on January 1, 1927? Olibanum is the Medieval Latin alternative English word for which Biblical aromatic resin? The splanchnocranium refers to the bones of which defining part of the human body? 13 Which city, mythically founded by a twin saved by a shewolf, was built on the seven hills, east of the River Tiber called Aventine, Caelian, Capitoline, Esquiline, Palatine, Quirinal and Viminal? 3 Used to measure the height of horses, how many inches are there in one hand? 14 On which Mediterranean island is the famous nightlife holiday resort of Magaluf? 4 5 Apiphobia is the fear of what creatures? What are metal rope-fixings on a boat and cyclist's shoes? Occurring twice yearly, what name is given to a day consisting of twelve hours of daylight and twelve hours of darkness? 6 Which country is the natural habitat of the emu? 16 How many times does the second-hand of a clockwork clock 'tick' (move) while the hour hand completes one full rotation? 7 8 17 What's the common technical term for the removal of a president from office, due to wrongdoing? How many hurdles are there in a 400 metres hurdles race? 18 Which famous corporate logo changed to a flat colour/colour sans serif font in its first major change since 1999? K'ung Futse (Venerated Master Kong) is better known as which major philosopher and religious founder? 9 19 Japan's NTT DoCoMo mobile phone company developed which texting icon 'pictograph' series, Japanese for 'picture' and 'character'? 20 The flags of China, Japan, Argentina, Uruguay, Greenland and Bangladesh share what common feature? 1. Operation Sea Lion. 2. Turkey. 3. Four. 4. Bees. 5. Equinox. 6. Australia. 7. Ten. 8. Google. 9. Emoji. 10. Geronimo. 11. Frankincense. 12. Face. 13. Rome. 14. Majorca. 15. Cleats. 16. 43,200 (12 hours x 60 minutes x 60 second 'ticks'). 17. Impeachment. 18. Confucius. 19. Mexico City. 20. Sun. Answers: 10 What Native American Apache Indian chief 's name became an exclamation of exhilaration? What's the largest capital city without a river, and also the oldest capital of its continent? November15 TalkMagazine	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,769	What subject was added as a Nobel Prize in 1969?	Why was economics added in 1969 to fields to award the Nobel Prize in? - Quora Quora Written Oct 10, 2014 Nobel Prize in Economics is not a real Nobel. It wasn’t created by Alfred Nobel. It’s not even called a “Nobel Prize,” no matter what the press reports say. The five real Nobel Prizes—physics, chemistry, literature, peace, and medicine/physiology—were set up in the will left by the dynamite magnate when he died in 1895. The economics prize is a bit different. It was created by Sweden’s Central Bank in 1969, nearly 75 years later. The award’s real name is the “Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.” It was not established by Nobel, but supposedly in memory of Nobel. It’s a ruse and a PR trick, and I mean that literally. And it was done completely against the wishes of the Nobel family. Sweden’s Central Bank quietly snuck it in with all the other Nobel Prizes to give free-market economics for the 1% credibility. The Economics Prize has nestled itself in and is awarded as if it were a Nobel Prize. But it’s a PR coup by economists to improve their reputation. 486 Views · View Upvotes · Answer requested by	Nineteeth Century Timeline Sir William Herschel Napoleon becomes President of Italian Republic and annexes Piedmont, Parma and Piacenza, Peace of Amiens, French suppress L'Ouverture's rebellion in Santo Domingo and reintroduce slavery, Alexander Humboldt almost succeeds in climbing Mount Chimborao in EcuadorBabylonian cuneiform deciphered by Grotefund, Beethoven's Symphony No. 2 Charlotte Dundas is the first Steamship , William Herschel discovers binary stars and coins term 'Asteroid', Treviranus coins term 'biology', John Dalton introduces atomic theory into chemistry, Thomas Wedgwood produces the world's first photography but has no means of fixing the image 1803Suppression of rebellion in Ireland, Irish rebel Robert Emmet is captured and executed, Wellesley defeats Indians in Second Maratha War and occupies Orissa after defeat of Marathas, First Passenger Act to regulate transportation of emigrants by shipping companiesDespart Plot to kill King George III , Resume war with Napoleon over French refusal to withdraw from NetherlandsLousiana Purchase, French occupation of Hanover, Napoleon formulates plans to invade Britain, Haitian army led by Dessalines defeats French, Kamehameha of Hawaii unites eight of the islands employing British and Americans to act as governorsBeethoven's Eroica Symphony , Elgin Marbles removed from Parthenon, Turner's Calais Pier exhibited, Joseph Lancaster's Improvements in Education as it Respects the Industrious Classes Henry Shrapnel develops exploding shell, Dalton's Atomic theory 1804Hobart in Tasmania is founded, Matthew Flinders recommends that New Holland be renamed Australia, British occupy Surinam Pitt the Younger PM, First Corn Law, Gas lighting used for the first time in London at the Lyceum Theatre, Spain declares war on Britain thanks to NapoleonCode Napoleon introduced into France and occupied territories, Napoleon is proclaimed as Emperor by French Senate, Napoleon is crowned by Pope Pius VII Haiti gains Independence from French, Lewis and Clark begin exploration of Missouri River systemWilliam Blake's Jerusalem , Wordsworth's Intimations of Immortality Trevithick's first steam rail locomotive , Nicolas Appert opens world's first vacuum bottling factory in France, Wollaston finds palladium in platinum, John Wedgwood founds the Royal Horticultural Society 1805Nelson wins Battle of Trafalgar giving the Royal Navy control of the seas, Arthur Wellesley resigns in India, Britain and US break diplomatic relations due to issues of trade in the West Indies, Mungo Park starts his second expedition along the Niger RiverNapoleon gathers forces at Boulogne for invasion of Britain, Third coalition formed by Austria, Russia, Sweden and Britain against FranceNapoleon defeats combined Austrian-Russian army at Austerlitz, Napoleon crowned as King of Italy in Milan, Treaty of Pressburg sees Austria and France end conflict, Mehemet Ali becomes Pasha of Egypt Battle of Trafalgar Sir William Congreve develops rockets for use by the British army, Francis Beaufort develops his Beaufort scale for wind velocity, Sarturner isolates morphine 1806British occupy Cape of Good Hope , British impose continent wide blockade, Commodore Popham seizes Buenos Aires William Wyndam Grenville PM, Dartmoor Prison construction beginsNapoleon's continental system, Napoleon installs one brother as King of Naples and another as King of Holland, Confederation of Rhine created by Napoleon - officially ending Holy Roman Empire, Prussians defeated by Napoleon at Jena, Napoleon occupies Berlin, Peace of Posen forms Saxony as a kingdomBeethoven's Symphony No. 4 , Rossini's first opera Demetrio e Polibio Patrick Clark develops cotton thread as strong as linen thread, Humphrey Davy discovers electrolytic method for preparation of potassium and soda 1807Prohibition of shipment of slaves in British ships or to British colonies, British ban neutral nations from trading with France, British occupy Alexandria but are driven out by Turks, British ship Leopard fires on US ship Chesapeake and takes British deserters from American ship, US	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,770	Granadilla is another name for which fruit?	Passion Fruit - Granadilla, Purple Granadilla, Yellow Passion Fruit Passion Fruit Passion Fruit – Granadilla, Purple Granadilla, Yellow Passion Fruit by admin on May 18, 2016 Passion Fruit, Granadilla, Purple Granadilla Passion Fruit – Granadilla, Purple Granadilla, Yellow Passion Fruit Passion fruit comes in a couple of different varieties. Passion fruit is one of the few antioxidant fruits that not only improves your physical health, but also your mental health. Native to areas ranging form southern Brazil, Paraguay, all the way to Argentina, this fruit can be used in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and even sleep disorders like insomnia. Passion fruit comes in two varieties. One is a dark purple color once it has reached maturity and has a less acidic, richer taste. The other turns yellow at maturity and is typically large than the purple kind. Unlike the purple passion fruit, the yellow passion fruit does not have a known origin, although people have speculated that it may be Brazil. Passion Fruit, Granadilla, Purple Granadilla Passion fruit goes by many names, its scientific one being Passiflora edulis for the purple fruit and Passiflora edulis flavicarpa for the yellow, while another common name is Granadilla (or Purple Granadilla). Purple passion fruit is a subtropical fruit that will only flower and fruit in altitudes above 3,200 ft. Yellow passion fruit is tropical and can be grown from just above sea level up to the altitude of 2,000 ft. It is interesting that these varieties of passion fruit differ to such a degree. The people of Brazil tend to use the purple fruit to eat raw, while they prefer the yellow fruit for juice extractions and the creation of preserves. Australians absolutely love the purple passion fruit and vastly favor it over the yellow for all preparations. Passion Fruit to Improve Mental Health The flowers of the passion fruit vine have been used traditionally in folk medicine as a calming agent, usually for the purpose of helping someone fall asleep. Researchers who published a study in “Phytotherapy Research” were able to find that the flowers had a depressant effect on the nonspecific central nervous system. Another study in “Anesthesia and Analgesia” tested whether the flower could be used to effectively treat anxiety in patients about to undergo surgery. The results were positive – that passion fruit flower can reduce anxiety without necessarily causing sedation. While passion fruit and its flowers (and even its vine) can have positive effects on your mental health, it is worthwhile to make sure this plant doesn’t have any contraindications with the medicine you’re on. If you’re taking medication regularly, check with your doctor that it’s safe for you to try passion fruit flower before doing it. Better safe than sorry! Physical Health Benefits The yellow passion fruit, also known as the maracuya, has traditional medicinal uses as well. Similar to cranberries, its juice can be used to treat urinary tract infections. Passion fruit has also shown potential in treating asthma, thanks in part to its vitamin C and potassium content (although that’s not the only reason). Passion fruit is one of the vitamin, mineral, and fiber rich fruits when it comes down to it. Currently, there is research being done to establish whether passion fruit can fight chronic inflammation. If so, this is just one more benefit to add to the ever-expanding list. Yellow Passion Fruit, or “maracuyá” Yellow Passion Fruit, or “maracuyá” Traditional medicine uses it for urinary tract infections, much like the cranberry . The Vitamin C, potassium and other relaxing agents in this fruit, may help with asthma or spasmodic coughing conditions. The nutritional benefits of are: Vitamins	Etymologically Speaking... Allegory From Greek allos meaning "other" and agora meaning gathering place (especially the marketplace). In times past, it was common to do one's chatting at the marketplace. Some of the topics discussed were clandestine in nature and when people spoke about them, for fear of being punished, they would speak indirectly. That is to say, they would speak about one thing in such a way as to intimate the actual information to the listener. Thus, the persons discussing clandestine matters were said to be speaking of "other things" in the marketplace. Eventually the words joined and became associated with the act of speaking about one thing while meaning another. Apple (Eng.)/ Pomme (Fr.) / Manzana (Sp.) These words, which all mean the same thing, should be explained one at a time, as they come from different sources. In regard to apple, all European languages other than the Romance languages, ie., the great majority of Indo-European languages, including the Celtic tongues, use a word with a root ap, ab, af or av for apples and apple trees: aballo (Celtic), apple(Eng.), Apfel (Germ.), aeppel (Old Eng.), abhal (Irish Gaelic), epli (Icelandic), afal (Welsh), jabloko (Russian), and jablko (Polish). In regard to pomme, this French term comes from the Latin pomum, which originally referred to all fruit. Before Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire some time in the 4th. Century, the Latin word malum (melon in Greek) meant "apple." After the adoption of Christianity, however, and due to the important symbolism of the apple in the bible (ie, the Garden of Eden), the general term pomum, "fruit," was used to describe the apple as "the fruit of fruits." In regard to manzana, this Spanish term comes from the Iberian pronunciation of matiana, a Gallo-Roman translation of the Latin word matianum, which was a scented, golden apple first raised by and named after Matius, a friend of Caesar's who was also a cookbook author ["Apple" Footnote: The French village of Avallon (in the Yonne area), where there are a lot of apple trees, received its name from the legend of the sacred island of Avalon or Abalon, meaning "Apple Orchard"--incidentally, the "-on" suffix is an "augmentative" and explains the origin of the name of the Pacific shellfish "Abalone"--that is, "big apple."]. Apricot This term, which comes from the French abricot--and was aubercot until the Fifteenth Century--does not have one simple etymology, but rather a combination of several, involving a considerable juxtaposition of ideas. On the one hand, we have Portuguese albricoque, Spanish albaricoque and Italian albicocca, which all stem from the Arabic al barqouq or al birquq, for the Iberian Peninsula owed much to the Arab gardeners of Southern Spain (Andalusia). The Arabic word means "early-ripe," and itself derives from the Latin praecox or praecoquum malum (in Greek, praecoxon), meaning "early-ripener" and "early-ripening 'apple,'" respectively (see the etymology of "apple"). This was the name given by the Roman legionaries when they first brought the fruit back to Rome, as they were returning from the Near East in the first century. Being easy to eat, it also was called aperitum, "fruit which opens easily," and there is an association with Greek abros, "delicate," for it does not travel well and ripens very quickly. The idea that there was a connection with Latin apricus, "ripe," may have given rise to the "p" in English "apricot," which combines with the French -cot ending. Incidentally, the fruit is Aprikose to the Germans and abrikos to the Russians, but all these roads lead to Rome, from where the term--and the fruit--first spread throughout Europe. Alcohol This word comes from the Arabic al-kuhl, which originally meant a very fine powder of antimony used as eye makeup. It conveyed the idea of something very fine and subtle, and the Arab alchemists therefore gave the name of al-kuhl to any impalpable powder obtained by sublimation (the direct transformation of a solid into vapor, or the reverse pr	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,771	A balcony named after which US President is on the second floor of the Whitehouse?	History \| whitehouse.gov Holidays History This is really what the White House is all about. It’s the “People’s House.” It’s a place that is steeped in history, but it’s also a place where everyone should feel welcome. And that's why my husband and I have made it our mission to open up the house to as many people as we can. Michelle Obama Our first president, George Washington , selected the site for the White House in 1791. The cornerstone was laid in 1792 and a competition design submitted by Irish-born architect James Hoban was chosen. After eight years of construction, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved into the unfinished house in 1800. During the War of 1812, the British set fire to the President’s House in 1814. James Hoban was appointed to rebuild the house, and President James Monroe moved into the building in 1817. During Monroe’s administration, the South Portico was constructed in 1824, and Andrew Jackson oversaw the addition of the North Portico in 1829. During the late 19th century, various proposals were made to significantly expand the President’s House or to build an entirely new house for the president, but these plans were never realized. In 1902,Our first president, George Washington, selected the site for the White House in 1791. The cornerstone was laid in 1792 and a competition design submitted by Irish-born architect James Hoban was chosen. After eight years of construction, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved into the unfinished house in 1800. During the War of 1812, the British set fire to the President’s House in 1814. James Hoban was appointed to rebuild the house, and President James Monroe moved into the building in 1817. During Monroe’s administration, the South Portico was constructed in 1824, and Andrew Jackson oversaw the addition of the North Portico in 1829. During the late 19th century, various proposals were made to significantly expand the President’s House or to build an entirely new house for the president, but these plans were never realized. The White House In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt began a major renovation of the White House, including the relocation of the president’s offices from the Second Floor of the Residence to the newly constructed temporary Executive Office Building (now known as the West Wing). The Roosevelt renovation was planned and carried out by the famous New York architectural firm McKim, Mead and White. Roosevelt’s successor, President William Howard Taft, had the Oval Office constructed within an enlarged office wing. Less than fifty years after the Roosevelt renovation, the White House was showing signs of serious structural weakness. President Harry S. Truman began a renovation of the building in which everything but the outer walls were dismantled. The reconstruction was overseen by architect Lorenzo Winslow, and the Truman family moved back into the White House in 1952. Every president since John Adams has occupied the White House, and the history of this building extends far beyond the construction of its walls. From the Ground Floor Corridor rooms, transformed from their early use as service areas, to the State Floor rooms, where countless leaders and dignitaries have been entertained, the White House is both the home of the President of the United States his family and a museum of American history. The White House is a place where history continues to unfold. White House Trivia There are 132 rooms, 35 bathrooms, and 6 levels in the Residence. There are also 412 doors, 147 windows, 28 fireplaces, 8 staircases, and 3 elevators. At various times in history, the White House has been known as the "President's Palace," the "President's House," and the "Executive Mansion." President Theodore Roosevelt officially gave the White House its current name in 1901. Presidential Firsts while in office... President James Polk (1845-49) was the first President to have his photograph taken... President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-09) was not only the first President to ride in an automobile, but also the first President to trav	Quia - WH 30. WORLD WAR II--terms Java Games: Flashcards, matching, concentration, and word search. WH 30. WORLD WAR II--terms Tools Many leaders, battles and other terms important in World War II A B Pearl Harbor U.S. naval base in Hawaii that was attacked by Japan Dec. 7, 1941, "a date which will live in infamy" kamikaze Japanese suicide missions in which a pilot crashed his plane loaded with explosives into an American ship Franklin D. Roosevelt President of the U.S.A. when World War II began Adolf Hitler German dictator, leader of the Nazi Party, known as "der Fuhrer" Blitzkrieg Sudden, massive attacks of tanks of and airplanes used by Germany during World II; the German word meaning "lightning war" Benito Mussolini Italian dictator and leader of the Fascist Party, called "Il Duce" Joseph Stalin Soviet dictator during World War II, known as "Uncle Joe" Harry Truman the U.S. president when World War II ended the Allies the name given to Britain, France, the U.S.S.R., and the U.S. during World War II Hirohito Japanese emperor during World War II the Axis the name given to Germany, Italy and Japan during World War II Charles de Gaulle French general who formed an underground movement known as the Free French whose resistance fighters made heroic efforts to sabotage the Nazis Luftwaffe the German air force during World War II D-Day Code name for June 6, 1944, the Allied invasion of Normandy, France Dunkirk Scene of the evacuation of British forces from France during World War II; May 26 to June 4, 1940 Yalta Scente of a conference of Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin in February 1945; a port city on the Black Sea in February Rome First European capital to be freed from Nazi control Holocaust The genocidal destruction of Jews by Nazi Germany during Wrold War II Winston Churchill British Prime Minister during World War II who stated, "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat." Auschwitz	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,772	In which year were women given the vote in the USA?	Women's Right to Vote in US Hits 90th Anniversary Women's Right to Vote in US Hits 90th Anniversary October 04, 2010 8:00 PM The 19th Amendment went to Congress in 1918 and was ratified by the states on August 18, 1920, earning American women the right to vote Share Email to a Friend Print This year marks the 90th anniversary of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which gave women in United States the right to vote. After seven decades of activism, American women cast their first ballots in the presidential elections of 1920. Nancy Pelosi, the first female Speaker of the House, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who almost won the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination, and Sarah Palin, who was that year's Republican nominee for vice president: three women who have had an undeniable impact on American politics. Their visibility is a testament to the advancement of women's rights in America. But their achievements build on the efforts of women more than a century ago, who began pushing for a basic democratic right, the right to vote. The movement started with a group of activists led by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who in 1848 publicly claimed that American women deserved equal rights under the law with men. "The suffragists were middle-aged, middle class to upper class wives and mothers. They had gone to college or high school. They were somewhat in privileged positions and they understood that without access to the ballot box their lives were not in their hands," said Susan Scanlan, president of the Women's Research and Education Institute in Washington. The suffragists' activism died down with the beginning of the Civil War. But the voting rights struggle re-emerged 50 years later with Alice Paul, a lawyer and a major figure in the suffrage movement. One day before President Woodrow Wilson's inauguration in 1913, Alice Paul organized an elaborate parade on Washington's Pennsylvania Avenue to get America's attention. "No one had ever seen so many women mobilized on the street, in various colors representing different groups: socialites, workers, educated women, women of color, some men's groups. It was absolutely spectacular and the women presented their cause for a federal amendment, as well as for a state amendment making sure that suffrage was everywhere," said Elisabeth Crum, Outreach Manager at the Sewell-Belmont Museum. The suffragists got plenty of media attention, but little public support. So in 1917, they started picketing the White House, an unprecedented act at the time. Many women were arrested and sent to jail, but public opinion shifted. The 19th Amendment went to Congress in 1918 and was ratified by the states on August 18, 1920. American women had finally earned the right to vote. "It was probably the most important thing to happen to women in the last 100 years because it gave them full rights as citizens. Women's responsibilities and roles behind the scenes were probably the same before suffrage as they were after but they were seen as actual voting people with real rights and a potential constituency that could be appealed to by the candidates," noted Jennifer Lawless of the American University's Women in Politics Institute. The suffragists also pushed for marriage and divorce rights, property rights and equal pay with men, a struggle that took decades and on some issues is still going on. While a proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution failed to gain ratification in 1982, American women do vigorously exercise their right to vote. Recent elections show they vote in higher numbers than men - and vote differently. "In the 2008 elections eight million more women voted than men in the presidential elections," added Susan Scanlan. "Women always tend to favor family issues, education issues, welfare and men are more aggressive in supporting international affairs, budgetary issues and defense issues." Nine decades after American women gained the right to vote there is still a lot of work to be done. Women represent only 17 percent of the memberships of both the Senate and	Politics, Elections and the “Reality” of Women’s Rights in Kuwait - Diplomatic Courier Diplomatic Courier April 8, 2013 Written by Richard Rousseau, Contributor Political authoritarianism has been constant feature in the Arab political systems, and despite the ongoing “Arab Spring,” there is a continuing tendency to prevent women from freely participating in political processes. Recently, a handful of Arab countries have consented to slightly alter their political systems so as to allow women and opposition groups to have a greater say on political issues. Nevertheless, the Arab Middle East as a whole is still a long way from being a region where women are engaged in political life. Politics in the Gulf monarchies or states making up the Fertile Crescent still remains a male-dominated profession. The ratio of female to male politicians is significantly small in comparison to other regions of the world. Some positive changes have been made in Bahrain (women have the right to vote since 2002, but none have ever been elected to parliament so far) and Morocco where more women are now included in politics and government. In 2003 Egypt appointed the first women judge, and Qatar saw the appointment of the first woman to the cabinet of ministers. Kuwait, however, is a ‘special case’ in the Arab Middle East. Until 2005, the all-male Kuwaiti parliament excluded women from all political processes. In fact, only about 15 percent of Kuwaiti citizens had the right to vote. However, on May 16, 1999 the first steps towards electoral change were taken. Emir Jaber, who reigned from 1977 to 2006, unpredictably issued a decree allowing women the right to vote and hold public office; however, the Kuwaiti parliament rejected the decree on the ground that it was legislated by decree. Then, on May 16, 2004 the Cabinet of Ministers approved a new women’s suffrage bill, but a year later, on May 3, 2005, the Islamist and conservative elements in parliament abstained from voting on the bill, and therefore the parliament postponed the vote on women’s suffrage bill. It was not until May 17th of the same year that the parliament finally passed the law, giving women the right to vote and hold public office. Between the establishment of the parliament in 1963 as part of the country’s first post-independence constitution and the passage of the women’s suffrage bill, Kuwait’s parliament had been the sole preserve of men. Among the most activist groups for the recognition of fundamental political and social rights to women are the Kuwait Federation of Women’s Association and the Women’s Cultural and Social Society, both accredited by the government as representatives of Kuwaiti women. They are also authorized by the central government to hold meetings and organize events against the exclusion of women from the political scene. Kuwaiti politics has featured constant clashes between the government and the elected MPs during the past decade. On March 19, 2008, Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah dissolved the National Assembly and announced that a parliamentary election would be held on May 17, 2008. A total of 361,685 Kuwaitis turned out to vote, 57 percent of them women. While 27 of the 275 election candidates were women, none of the female candidates won. Kuwait’s voters handed a slight victory to reformists who formed a loose alliance with Islamists in order to control two thirds of the seats. Emir al-Sabah once again dissolved the parliament on March 18 2009, due to an unresolved conflict between some members of the government and the Assembly, and called for another poll two months later. The May 16-17, 2009 parliamentary election marked a breakthrough in Kuwaiti politics. More than 195,000 women voted, and of the twenty-eight who ran for seats in the parliament four emerged winners. Massouma al-Mubarak, a cabinet minister in 2005, Salwa al-Jassar and Aseel al-Awadhi, both U.S.-educated professors, and Rola Dashti, an economist, were the first women to obtain seats in the Kuwaiti parliament or anywhere in the Gulf. Their victories were an achievement	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,773	Which Iron Maiden song reached number 3 in 1988	IRON MAIDEN LYRICS - "Seventh Son Of A Seventh Son" (1988) album IRON MAIDEN LYRICS Seven holy paths to hell And your trip begins Seven are your burning fires, Seven your desires... I am he the bornless one The fallen angel watching you Babylon, the scarlet whore Don't you dare to save your son Kill him now and save the young ones Be the mother of a birth strangled babe Be the devils own, Lucifer's my name Moonchild - hear the mandrake scream Open the seventh seal Moonchild - You'll be mine soon child Moonchild - take my hand tonight I count the heads of those unborn The accursed ones I'll find them all If you die by your own hand As a suicide you shall be damned And if you try to save your soul I will torment you - you shall not grow old With every second and passing breath You'll be so alone your soul will bleed to death The twins they are exhausted, seven is the night Gemini is rising as the red lips kiss to bite Seven angels seven demons battle for his soul When Gabriel lies sleeping, this child was born to die One more dies one more lives One baby cries One mother grieves For all the sins you will commit You'll beg forgiveness and none I'll give A web of fear shall be your coat To clothe you in the night A lucky escape for you youngman But I see you damned in endless night. Infinite dreams I can't deny them Infinity is hard to comprehend I couldn't hear those screams Even in my wildest dreams Suffocation waking in a sweat Scared to fall asleep again In case the dream begins again Someone chasing I cannot move Standing rigid a nightmare's statue What a dream when will it end And will it transcend? Restless sleep the minds in turmoil One nightmare ends another fertile It's getting to me so scared to sleep But scared to wake now, in too deep. Even though it's reached new heights I'd rather like the restless nights It makes me wonder it makes me think There's more to this I'm on the brink It's not the fear of what's beyond It's just that I might not respond I have an interest almost craving But would I like to get too far in? Can't all be coincidence Too many things are evident You tell me you're an unbeliever Spiritualists? Well me I'm neither Wouldn't you like to know The truth? Oh what's out there to have the proof And find out just which side You're on Where would you end in Heaven or In Hell? Help me. Help me to find my true Self without seeing the future Save me, save me from torturing Myself even within my dreams There's got to be just more to it than this Or tell me why do we exist I'd like to think that when I die I'd get a chance another time And to return and live again Reincarnate, play the game Can I play with madness? Give me the sense to wonder To wonder if I'm free Give me a sense of wonder To know I can be me Give me the strength to hold my head up Spit back in their face Don't need no key to unlock this door Gonna break down the walls Break out of this bad place [Chorus] Can I play with madness? The prophet stared at his crystal ball Can I play with madness? There's no vision there at all Can I play with madness? The prophet looked at me and laughed at me (ha ha) He said: Can I play with madness? He said you're blind, too blind to see Said you're too blind to see I screamed aloud to the old man I said don't lie, don't say you don't know I say you'll pay for this mischief In this world or the next Oh and then he fixed me with a freezing glance And the hell fires raged in his eyes He said you wanna know the truth son? Lord, I'll tell you the truth Your soul's gonna burn in a lake of fire [Chorus] Listen to me, said the prophet [Chorus] Love is a razor and I walked the line on that silver blade Slept in the dust with his daughter, her eyes red with The slaughter of innocence And I will pray for her. I will call her name out loud. I would bleed for her. If I could only see her now. Living on a razor's edge. Balancing on a ledge. Living on a razor's edge on... Balancing on a ledge on... Balancing on a ledge on... Living on a razor's edge. Balancing on a ledge you know ... you know !! The evil that men do l	Dan Hartman Discography at Discogs Daniel Earl Hartman Profile: Dan Hartman was born December 8, 1950 in Harrisburg, PA, he died March 22, 1994 in Westport, CT. He was a prolific writer who honed his craft with a spate of non hit songs until he was asked to join the influential Johnny Winter Band as a backing musician, and then moved on to Johnny's brother Edgar Winter Group where he played bass and was given a free hand to participate in their monster collaboration "They Only Come Out At Night", a glam rock affair that defined the new rock ethos with the #1 pop hit "Frankenstein" and then he sang lead on "Free Ride" in 1972. He continued to flourish, learning more instruments and then went solo in 1976, his label issuing "Who Is Dan Hartman and Why Is Everyone Saying Wonderful Things About Him?", a promotional compilation of his tunes recorded with the Winters brothers. Soon, the brothers Winter were backing Hartman on his first true solo release, "Images" which introduced elements of Soul and R&B to his rapidly expanding repertoire. Keeping his toe in the rock arena, he recorded the Muddy Waters LP "I'm Ready" spending most of the time in the producers chair and adding a new sound to the blues legend repertoire. Hartman's songs usually had a steady beat, and in 1978 he released "Instant Replay" of which the title tune went to #1 disco (#29 pop), but contained a wide variety of sounds and beats that set the scene for his "Relight My Fire" LP in 1979. The centrepiece was "Vertigo/Relight My Fire", which spent 6 energy fuelled weeks at #1 US disco. In 1981 Dan released "It Hurts To Be In Love" - an album which had moved away from the disco sound with melodic and almost Country Music tones. Success returned in 1984 with Dan's collaboration with Charlie Midnight and the release of "I Can Dream About You" from the film soundtrack of "Streets of Fire". "We are the Young" and "Second Nature" were subsequently released from the album but did not make a big impression on the UK charts. In 1985 his song "Get Outta Town", from the Chevy Chase movie "Fletch" was released as a single and was included on the soundtrack album. Pressings of the UK only 12" single included M&M mixes of "I Can Dream About You" but failed to ignite. Hartman and Midnight then collaborated on James Brown's "Living In America" that peaked at #3 dance and #4 US Pop in 1986. In 1989, he released his final LP, "New Green Clear Blue" a total departure from his pop influenced music with a foray into the "New Age" instrumental music. After being diagnosed with HIV, Dan's last major production projects included tracks for Tina Turner, Dusty Springfield, Joe Cocker, Bonnie Tyler, Paul Young, James Brown, Nona Hendryx, Holly Johnson, Living in a Box, the Plasmatics and Steve Winwood. He died, in 1994 from an AIDS related brain tumour just as his music was experiencing a revival. Dance groups like Black Box used Loleatta Holloway's Dan Hartman produced voice sample on their huge hit 'Ride On Time', and then Take That recorded their own version of "Relight My Fire" with Lulu in October 1993 that went to #1 in the UK. Hartman was secretive about his sexuality and HIV status, preferring to keep his private life to himself. Since his death, his songs "I Can Dream About You" and "Relight My Fire" were cleared for use in the Grand Theft Auto video games that brought his music to a new audience. Sites:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,504,774	The Great Schism was a split within the Catholic church in what century?	Great Schism Great Schism {siz' - uhm or skiz' - uhm} General Information The term Great Schism is used to refer to two major events in the history of Christianity: the division between the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman) churches, and the period (1378 - 1417) during which the Western church had first two, and later three, lines of popes. Eastern Schism The schism between the Eastern and Western churches is traditionally dated to 1054, although the precise point at which the split became a fixed and lasting reality is difficult to determine. Many causes contributed to the growing misunderstanding and alienation between the two groups. Partly these were differences of philosophical understanding, liturgical usage, language, and custom, but political rivalries and divisions were also involved. Occasions of friction, hostility, and open division on doctrinal questions as well as matters of discipline and daily practice had occurred long before 1054 - for example, the Photian schism of the 9th century. Text Font Face E-mail In the West the Latin church and especially the papacy took on many activities and powers in default of other authority, but this action was often regarded as usurpation by the East, where a different relationship existed between emperor and church. The heated disputes over such matters as the ecclesiastical calendar, the use of leavened or unleavened bread, or additions to the Creed (notably the filioque clause) reached a climax in 1054, when Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other. Technically, only a few people were affected by this action, but the tone had been set and the direction fixed. Later attempts to reunite the churches foundered on local feeling, and mutual hatred grew through selfish acts on both sides during some parts of the Crusades; the low point was the sacking of Constantinople in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade. The schism continues to the present, but recently serious attempts at mutual understanding have offered the hope of reconciliation. Western Schism The Western Schism began in the events after the death of Pope Gregory XI in March 1378. The people of Rome were determined not to allow the papacy - which had been absent at Avignon for 70 years and dominated by French influence - to leave Rome upon the election of the new pope. The result was a loud and controversial conclave with cries for a Roman or at least an Italian pope. The man chosen, Urban VI, was not a cardinal, but he had served in the curia. Soon the cardinals realized the mistake that they had made in electing Urban. He disdained the advice of others, could be ruthless if opposed or questioned, and was committed to reform through an extreme reduction of the powers of the cardinals, who for decades had been almost corulers with the popes in Avignon. The result of this clash was tragedy for the church. Led by the French, the majority of cardinals gradually withdrew from the papal court. They met at Anagni and declared Urban's election null and void because, they alleged, their votes had been made under pressure and fear for their lives. They then elected one of their own as Pope Clement VII. For the next three decades the church was divided along national, political, and religious lines between the papal claimants - the Roman line of Urban VI, Boniface IX, Innocent VII, and Gregory XII, and the Avignon line of Clement VII and Benedict XIII - until, after various proposals and repeated failures, the cardinals from both obediences abandoned their claimants out of despair of getting any cooperation from them toward unity. The Conciliar Epoch, which led eventually to the healing of the schism, began in 1409 when the cardinals called the Council of Pisa. The council deposed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and then elected a third claimant, Alexander V (to be succeeded shortly afterward by the medieval John XXIII). The Pisan claimants received the support of most of Latin Christendom, but the schism continued until the Council of Constance (1414 - 18) removed all three claimants and ele	Act of Settlement 1701 Act of Settlement 1701 The Act of Settlement is a piece of English legislation governing the succession to the English Crown. It was passed in 1701. It provides that only Protestant descendants of Sophia, Electress of Hanover, who have not, furthermore, married a Catholic, can succeed to the English Crown. In addition, it specifies that it is for Parliament to determine who should succeed to the throne, not the monarch. This act was, in many ways, the major cause of the union of Scotland and England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Parliament of Scotland was not happy with the Act of Settlement and, in response, passed the Act of Security in 1704, which gave them the right to choose their own successor to Queen Anne. This would have created a fully independent Scotland rather than the partially independent nation which had resulted from the Union of the Crowns a hundred years before. As a result, the Parliament of England decided that full union of the two Parliaments and nations was essential before Anne's death, and used a combination of discriminatory legislation, the Alien Act of 1705, politics, and bribery to achieve it within three years. This was in marked contrast to the four attempts at political union between 1606 and 1689, which all failed owing to a lack of political will. By virtue of Article II of the Treaty of Union, which defined the succession to the British Crown, the Act of Settlement became, in effect, part of Scots Law. As a result of the Act of Settlement, several members of the British Royal Family who have converted to Roman Catholicism or married Catholics have been barred from their place in the line of succession. This law has in recent times been frequently been attacked as anti-Catholic and religiously discriminatory. The Guardian newspaper recently brought an unsuccessful legal challenge to the legislation, based on the European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights Act 1998. In 2003 the Fabian Society issued a paper calling for the lifting of the ban on Catholics inheriting the throne. In 2002, the Lord Chancellor rejected calls from the backbench for a change in the succession rules. A motion already passed the Scottish Parliament in 1999 requesting a change. Any repeal of the law could lead to an anomaly with the status of the Church of England as the established church in England, since a Roman Catholic monarch would be Supreme Governor of the Church of England, something which had not happened since King James II of England. However, in principle, a similarly absurd result obtains already. The law fails to recognise that the monarch's actions are highly circumscribed and in most matters she acts on the advice of her government. The Queen's position as "Supreme Governor" of the Church of England is little more than a title. The Supreme Governor only makes decisions about the appointment of the Archbishop of Canterbury or other senior bishops of the Church of England on the advice of the Prime Minister, whose own religion (if any) may be and at times has been in conflict with the Church of England. This situation is rendered possible because, on the one hand, religious tests are not applied to public offices such as the Prime Minister (and under contemporary anti-discrimination laws it would be illegal to do so), while on the other hand, such a religious test not only is but by law must be applied to the monarch. There is a further problem, with the Act being worded so as to exclude explicitly Roman Catholics only. The intention of these provisions may have been to protect the Anglican Church from its only significant rival, but because that ban has never in the subsequent 300 years been extended to all religions other than the Church of England, this invites the perception that the Catholic Church is being singled out. The Church of England is the established church in England, and the monarch is required to be in communion with the established church. This ipso facto excludes the monarch from membership of non-Christian religions or from other C	trivia_qa.jsonl

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